salus

ὅλος, η, ον, [dialect] Ion. [full] οὖλος, η, ον, as in Hom. (twice, v. infr.), Xenoph. (v. infr.), Parm.8.4, Hp.Acut.14, Carn.13, al. (but ὅλος in Hdt.2.126, 4.64,7.167, 8.113 (cf.

A

ἡμι-ολίας 5.88

), Hp.Epid.1.7, Herod.3.18,5.12, 6.7 (but

οὖλος 8.56

) ; ὅλως dub. in Thgn.73 codd.):—whole, entire, complete in all its parts, of persons and things, ἄρτος οὖλος a whole loaf, Od.17.343 ; μηνὶ δ' ἄρ' οὔλῳ in a whole month, 24.118 ; οὖλος ὁρᾷ, οὖλος δὲ νοεῖ, οὖλος δέ τ' ἀκούει (sc. ὁ θεός) Xenoph.24 ; ὅλος ἑσπέρας ὀφθαλμός, i.e. the full moon, Pi.O.3.19 ; ὁ ὅ. χρόνος ib.2.30 ;

τρεῖς ὅλους.. ἑκμήνους χρόνους S.OT 1136

; ἐπ' ὤμοις ὅλην πόλιν φέρων a whole city, E.Ph. 1131 ;

ἐκπιεῖν ὅλον πίθον Id.Cyc. 217

;

ὅλους ἐκ κριβάνου βοῦς Ar.Ach.85

;

λαβράκιον ὀπτᾶν ὅ. Antiph.222.3

, etc. ; πόλεις ὅλαι whole, entire cities, Pl.Grg. 512b ; ὅλη ἡ πόλις, the city as a whole, Id.R. 519e ; ὅλους ποιητὰς ἐκμανθάνειν learn whole poets by heart, Id.Lg. 811a : it may either precede the Art. or follow the Subst., τῆς ἡμέρας ὅλης in the course of the whole day, X.An.3.3.11 ; δι' ὅλης τῆς νυκτός ib.4.2.4 ; ὅλην τὴν νύκτα or τὴν νύκτα ὅλην, Id.Cyr. 7.5.15, Men.67.2, Pl.Smp. 219c ;

ὅ. τὸ δέρμα Men.498

;

ἡ πόλις ὅ. Id.882

, etc.: less freq. between Art. and Subst.,

τὸν ὅ. ἀμφὶ χρόνον Pi. O.2.30

;

ἡ ὅ. ἀδικία Pl.R. 344c

;

τὸ ὅ. πρόσωπον Id.Prt. 329e

;

τῇ ὅ. φάλαγγι X.An.4.8.11

: joined with

εἷς, ἡμέρας.. οὐχ ὅλης μιᾶς S.Ph. 480

;

εἶδος ἓν ὅλον Pl.Ti. 56e

; with

πᾶς, ὅλην καὶ πᾶσαν τὴν οἰκίαν Id.Lg. 808a

, cf. R. 486a ;

πρὸς τῷ διακινδυνεύειν ὅ. καὶ πᾶς ἦν Plb.3.94.10

(so without

πᾶς, οὕτως ἔκφρων ἦν καὶ ὅλος πρὸς τῷ λήμματι καὶ τῷ δωροδοκήματι, ὥστε.. D.19.127

) ;

τὸ ὅ. αὐτοῖς ἦν καὶ τὸ πᾶν Ἀπελλῆς Plb.5.26.5

.

2 whole, i. e. safe and sound,

ὑγιὴς καὶ ὅ. Lys.6.12

, cf. Pl. Men. 77a.

3 entire, utter, ὅ. ἁμάρτημα an utter blunder, X.HG5.3.7 ; πλάσμα ὅ. ἐστὶν ἡ διαθήκη utter fiction, D.45.29.

4 neut. as Adv., ὅλον or τὸ ὅ. wholly, entirely,

διαφέρει ὅ. τε καὶ πᾶν Pl.Alc.1.109b

;

διαφέρει ὅ. καὶ τὸ πᾶν Id.Lg. 944c

;

ὅλῳ καὶ παντί Id.Phd. 79e

;

τῷ ὅ. καὶ παντὶ διοίσει Id.R. 527c

;

τῷ παντὶ καὶ ὅ. Id.Lg. 734e

;

εἰς τὸ ὅ. Id.Plt. 302b

: with a Prep., κατὰ ὅλον on the whole, generally, opp. ἀπολαβὼν μέρος τι, Id.R. 392d ; so

κατὰ ὅλου Id.Men. 77a

; δι' ὅλου, καθ' ὅλου (v. διόλου, καθόλου) ;

αἱ κράσεις δι' ὅλων Plu.2.1078c

, cf. 1078d: in this signf. also without a Prep.,

τὸ μὲν ὅ.

generally speaking,

Pl.Phdr. 261a

, D.44.11 ; τὸ δ' ὅ. and in general, in short, PTeb.33.16 (ii B. C.) ; οὐδὲ Φιλόξενον ὅλ' ἐξ ὅλων εὗρον I have entirely failed to find P., POxy. 936.20 (iii A. D.).

5 = πᾶς, all,

ὅλων στρατηγός S.Aj. 1105

, cf. Men. Pk. 225, Nonn.D.47.482, AP5.216 (Paul. Sil.), 7.679 ([place name] Sophronius) ; ὅλη πόλις every city, LXX 1 Ki.14.23 ; πρὸ τῶν ὅ. τὸ προσκύνημά σου ποιῶ before all things, PTeb.418.4 (iii A. D.) ;

ἀσπάζομαι.. πάντας τοὺς ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ ὅ. κατ' ὄνομα PLond.2.404.15

(iv A. D.), cf. PIand. 13.20 (iv A. D.).

II as Subst.,

τὸ ὅ.

the universe,

Pl.Grg. 508a

, Ly. 214b, etc. ; differing from τὸ πᾶν, as implying a definite order, Arist.Metaph. 1024a3, cf. Pl.Tht. 204a sq. (but as not including void, Placit.2.1.7) ; also

ἡ τῶν ὅ. τάξις X.Cyr.8.7.22

.

2 τὰ ὅ. one's all,

τὰ ὅ. πεπρακέναι D.18.28

; τοῖς ὅ. ἡττᾶσθαι lose one's all, be utterly ruined, Id.9.64 ; in full,

τοῖς ὅ. πράγμασιν ἐσφαλμένος Plb. 18.33.1

, etc. ; τοῖς ὅ., = ὅλως, altogether, Philipp. ap. D.18.39 : with neg., not at all, Phld.Rh.2.135S., Aristid.2.274,304J. ; τοῖς ὅ. ἠφάνισαν utterly destroyed it, PRyl.152.14 (i A. D.), cf. Aristid.2.262J. ; κινδυνεύει τῷ ὅ. ἐξαρθῆναι there is a risk of its being entirely carried away, PRyl.133.19 (i A. D.).

III Adv. ὅλως ([dialect] Dor. [full] οὔλως Pempel. ap.Stob.4.25.52) wholly, altogether,

ὅ. σοφόν Pl.R. 568a

;

ἀλγοῦνθ' ὅ. Id.Phlb. 36a

; ὅ. ψεύδεται he speaks utter falsehood, Isoc.15.31, etc.

2 on the whole, speaking generally, in short,

ὅ. δ' οὐδεὶς ἔστιν ὅντιν' οὐ πεφενάκικ' ἐκεῖνος D.2.7

, cf. 14,al. ;

διψῆν καὶ πεινῆν καὶ ὅ. τὰς ἐπιθυμίας Pl.R. 437b

, cf. Cra. 406a ; τί οὖν κωλύει πάντα ἀφῃρῆσθαι καὶ ὅ. τὴν πολιτείαν ; D.20.3 ;

ὅ. εἰπεῖν Arist.Ph. 202b19

, etc.

3 freq. with a neg. (first in Thgn.73, s. v. l.), οὐχ ὅ. or ὅ. οὐ not at all,

ὅ. μὴ διαλέγεσθαι X.Mem.1.2.35

;

ὅ. οὔτ' ἀφελὼν οὔτε προσθείς D.3.35

;

οὔτ' ἐλεῶν οὔθ' ὅ. ἄνθρωπον ἡγούμενος Id.21.101

, cf. 46 ;

οὐδὲ εἷς ὅ. Men.65.9

;

μὴ ὄντος ὅ. τοῦ Σωκράτους Arist.Cat. 13b19

;

μηδὲ ὅ. εἶναι τοὺς θεούς Luc.Tim.10

.

4 actually, really,

καλῶς ποιήσεις ἐλθοῦσα.. πρὸς ἡμᾶς ἵνα ὅ. ἴδωμέν σε POxy.1676.31

(iii A. D.) ; so perh. in 1 Ep.Cor.5.1. (ὅλ ([etym.] ϝ) ος from I.-E. *sólwos, cf. Skt. sárvas 'whole', and perh. Lat. salus, salvus.)

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `turbulent movement of the sea, flushing of the waves', also `anchorage, roads' as opposed to a protected harbour (S., E., Lys., hell. a. late), metaph. of an earthquake (E. IT 46), `turbulent emotion' (LXX, Gal., Max. Tyr.; cf. ἀσαλής, σάλη below).

Compounds: Some late compp., e.g. ἐπί-σαλος `exposed to the σάλος' (Secund., Peripl. M. Rubr. a.o.); prob. also in the ep. κονί-σαλος `cloud of dust' (s. κόνις). With transference to the σ-stems ἀ-σαλής `unshaken, unconcerned' (A. Fr. 319 = 634 M.) with ἀσάλ-εια f. = ἀμεριμνία, ἀλογιστία (Sophr. 113), ἀσαλεῖν ἀφροντιστῆσαι H.; to this, prob. as backformation, σάλη, σάλᾱ f. = φροντίς (Et. Gen., H.).

Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. σαλεύω, also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, δια-, prop. of the ship `to roll (on the waves), to throw oneself about, to oscillate', trans. `to make oscillate, to shock' (Att. since A., also Hp., hell. a. late) with σάλευσις ( δια-) f. `oscillation' (Arist. a.o.), σάλευμα n. `id.' (D. Chr.). 2. σαλόομαι `to go with a rocking motion' (EM as explanation of σαλάκων). -- With velar suffix: 1. σάλαξ, - ακος m. `large sieve of mineworkers' (Arist. or Thphr. ap. Poll.), also as Att. name of a potter ( Σάλαχς; Krahe IF 57, 113), - αγξ μεταλλικὸν σκεῦος H.; σαλάκων, - ωνος m. `boaster, swaggerer, dandy' (Arist.; of the varying Ganges) with σαλακων-ία (- εία) f. (Arist., Alciphr.), - ίζω ( δια- Ar.), - ίζομαι, - εύομαι (H., Phot., Suid.); σαλάσσω ( ἐκ-) `to shake' (Nic., AP), prob. directly from σάλος after τινάσσω, ταράσσω a.o. 2. σαλαγέω = σαλάσσω, σαλεύω (Opp., Orac. ap. Luc.), σαλαγή βοή H.; cf. πατα-γέω, - σσω.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Orig. technical word of sailors language; without convincing etymology. A very doubtful hypothesis (Lat. tullius etc.) s. τύλη, τύλος. -- Furnée 256 connects θάλασσα\/* σάλασσα (s.v.) and ζάλη, ζάλος `tornado, whirlpool' and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek. This is confirmed\/shown by the suffixes - αγ-, - ακ-, - αγκ-; cf. σηλαγγεύς (s.v.). -- Lat. LW [loanword] salus, salum ?

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σωτηρία, ας, ἡ (Trag., Hdt.+)

① deliverance, preservation, w. focus on physical aspect: fr. impending death, esp. on the sea (IMaronIsis 11; Diod S 3, 40, 1 λιμὴν σωτηρίας; 2 Macc 3:32; GrBar 1:3; Philo, Mos. 1, 317; Jos., Ant. 7, 5; 183; Ar. 3, 2) Ac 27:34; Hb 11:7. Of the deliverance of the Israelites fr. Egyptian bondage (Jos., Ant. 2, 331) Ac 7:25 (διδόναι σωτηρίαν on the part of a deity: Menand., Col. Fgm. 292, 5=1, 5 Kö.). Survival of a hand punished by fire GJs 20:3. A transition to mng. 2 is found in Lk 1:71, where σωτηρία ἐξ ἐχθρῶν ἡμῶν deliverance from the hand of our enemies is expected (cp. Ps 105:10 and ApcPt Rainer ἐν σωτηρίᾳ Ἀχερουσίας λίμνης, where the ref. is to a baptism marking the beginning of life in Elysium); 1 Cl 39:9 (Job 5:4).—S. λίμνη, end.

② salvation, w. focus on transcendent aspects (LXX, Just., Iren; cp. Herm. Wr. 7, 2 [on salvation through gnosis s. GLuck, SBLSP 24, ’85, 315–20]; Ael. Aristid., Sacr. Serm. 3, 46 p. 424 Keil ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος καὶ ἕτερα ἀμύθητα φέροντα εἰς σωτηρίαν; the Hymn to Attis in Firmicus Maternus, De Errore Prof. Relig. 22, 1 Θαρρεῖτε μύσται τοῦ θεοῦ σεσωσμένου. Ἔσται γὰρ ὑμῖν ἐκ πόνων σωτηρία [HHepding, Attis, seine Mythen u. sein Kult 1903, 167]. The Lat. ‘salus’ in the description of the Isis ceremony in Apuleius corresponds to the Gk. σωτηρία [GAnrich, Das antike Mysterienwesen 1894, 47f; Rtzst., Mysterienrel.³ 39]). In our lit. this sense is found only in connection w. Jesus Christ as Savior. This salvation makes itself known and felt in the present, but it will be completely disclosed in the future. Opp. ἀπώλεια Phil 1:28 (Mel., P. 49, 356; on the probability of military metaphor s. EKrentz, in Origins and Method, JHurd Festschr., ed. BMcLean, ’93, 125f); θάνατος (cp. Damasc., Vi. Isid. 131: through Attis and the Mother of the Gods there comes ἡ ἐξ ᾅδου γεγονυῖα ἡμῶν σωτ.) 2 Cor 7:10; ὀργή 1 Th 5:9. W. ζωή 2 Cl 19:1; ζωὴ αἰώνιος IEph 18:1. σωτηρία αἰώνιος (Is 45:17) Hb 5:9; short ending of Mk; ἣ κοινὴ ἡμῶν σωτ. Jd 3 (SIG 409, 33f ἀγωνιζόμενος ὑπὲρ τῆς κοινῆς σωτηρίας); σωτ. ψυχῶν salvation of souls 1 Pt 1:9 (ς. τῶν ψυχῶν Hippol., Ref. 10, 19, 3); cp. vs. 10 (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 252f). σωτηρία ἡ τῶν ἐκλεκτῶν MPol 22:1. ἡ τῶν σῳζομένων σωτ. 17:2 (ἡ ς. τῶν μετανοούντων Did., Gen. 71, 28; σωτηρία τῶν ἀγαθῶν Hippol., Ref. 7, 28, 6; ἡ τῶν ἀνθρώπων ς. Orig., C. Cels. 4, 73, 13). On κέρας σωτηρίας Lk 1:69 s. κέρας 3. σωτηρίας as objective gen. dependent upon various nouns: γνῶσις σωτηρίας Lk 1:77; ἐλπὶς σωτ. (TestJob 24:1; cp. Philemo Com. 181 οἱ θεὸν σέβοντες ἐλπίδας καλὰς ἔχουσιν εἰς σωτηρίαν) 1 Th 5:8; 2 Cl 1:7; ἔνδειξις σωτ. Phil 1:28 (opp. ἀπώλεια). τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς σωτηρίας ὑμῶν Eph 1:13. ὁ λόγος τῆς σωτηρίας ταύτης Ac 13:26. ὁδὸς σωτηρίας way to salvation 16:17; περιποίησις σωτ. 1 Th 5:9. ἡμέρα σωτηρίας (quot. fr. Is 49:8) of the day when the apostle calls them to salvation 2 Cor 6:2ab (cp. the mystery in Apuleius, Metam. 11, 5 ‘dies salutaris’ = ‘day of initiation’). Christ is ὁ ἀρχηγὸς τῆς σωτ. Hb 2:10 (ἀρχηγός 3). ὁ θεὸς τῆς σωτ. μου 1 Cl 18:14 (Ps 50:16).—Used w. verbs: ἔχειν σωτηρίαν Hv 2, 2, 5; 3, 6, 1; m 10, 2, 4; 12, 3, 6. κληρονομεῖν σωτηρίαν Hb 1:14. τὴν ἑαυτοῦ σωτ. κατεργάζεσθαι Phil 2:12 (κατεργάζομαι 2). σωτηρίας τυχεῖν τῆς ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰ. 2 Ti 2:10 (τυχεῖν σωτηρίας: Diod S 11, 4, 4; 11, 9, 1). εἰς σωτηρίαν for salvation (i.e. to appropriate it for oneself or grant it to another) Ro 1:16; 10:1, 10; 2 Cor 7:10; Phil 1:19 (ἀποβαίνω 2); 2 Th 2:13; 2 Ti 3:15; 1 Pt 2:2. πόρρω … ἀπὸ τῆς σωτ. 1Cl 39:9 (Job 3:4). τὰ ἀνήκοντα εἰς σωτηρίαν the things that pertain to salvation 1 Cl 45:1; B 17:1 (cp. SIG 1157, 12f).—σωτηρία is plainly expected to be fully culminated w. the second coming of the Lord Ro 13:11; Hb 9:28; 1 Pt 1:5.—(ἡ) σωτηρία without further qualification= salvation is also found Lk 19:9 (cp. GJs 19:2); J 4:22 (ἡ σωτ. ἐκ τῶν Ἰουδαίων ἐστίν); Ac 4:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 23 ἐν θεῷ εἶναι τ. σωτηρίαν αὐτοῦ καὶ οὐκ ἐν ἄλλῳ); Ro 11:11; 2 Cor 1:6; Hb 2:3 (τηλικαύτη σωτ.); 6:9. ἡ σωτ. ἡμῶν 2 Cl 1:1; 17:5; B 2:10.—Christ died even for the salvation of the repentant Ninevites in the time of Jonah 1 Cl 7:7; cp. vs. 4.—σωτηρία stands by metonymy for σωτήρ (in the quot. fr. Is 49:6) τοῦ εἶναί σε εἰς σωτηρίαν ἕως ἐσχάτου τῆς γῆς Ac 13:47; B 14:8. On the other hand, for a circumstance favorable for our attainment of salvation ἡγεῖσθαί τι σωτηρίαν 2 Pt 3:15.—In the three places in Rv in which σωτ. appears as part of a doxology we have a Hebraism (salvation as victory intimately associated w. God; PEllingworth, BT 34, ’83, 444f; cp. Ps 3:9 and PsSol 10:8 τοῦ κυρίου ἡ σωτηρία) 7:10; 12:10; 19:1.—LMarshall, Challenge of NT Ethics ’47, 248–66; HHaerens, Σωτήρ et σωτηρία dans la religion grecque: Studia Hellenistica 5, ’48, 57–68; FDölger, Ac 6, ’50, 257–63.—DELG s.v. σῶς. RLoewe, JTS 32, ’81, 341–68 (ins pp. 364–68). DBS XI 486–739. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.