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61 ὀρσοί
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: τῶν ἀρνῶν οἱ ἔσχατοι γενόμενοι H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The word resembles with diff. vocalisme and with diff. inflexion, ἕρσαι.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρσοί
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62 ὄρφνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `dark(ness), murk, night' (Thgn., Pi.).Other forms: Dor. -α.̃Derivatives: ὀρφν-αῖος `dark, murky' (Il.), - ώδης `id.' (Hp.) and several expressions for `dark colour, dark red': ὄρφν-ινος (Pl., X.), - ιος `id.' (Arist., Plu.), - ήεις (Q. S., Man.), - ός (Nic.); unclear ὀρφν-ίτας m. (Dor.), adjunct of τάλαρος (AP), cf. Redard 114.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Etymology debated. The similarity with ἔρεβος is long since observed (Curtius 480; thus Hirt IF 12, 226); in that case we would have to posit a basis * orgʷ-s-no- (with the same suffix as in the opposita λύχνος \< * luk-s-no-); ( νέφος: ὄμβρος cannot be sompared). -- By Persson Stud. 218 f. however compared with a Germ. adj. for dark shades of colour, e.g. OHG erpf `fuscus', OE eorp, earp `darkcoloured, blackish', PGm. * erpa-; to this also with diff. ablaut names of the partridge, e.g. OHG repa-huon; with nasal many Slav. words, e.g. Russ. rjáb `motley' (OCS *rębъ), CSl. jerębь `partridge'. -- Diff. again Scheftelowitz BB 29, 17: to Arm. arǰn `darkbrown' (IE * argʷhen-, evt. * orgʷhen-). -- Unclear are Toch. B erkent-, A arkant-'black' as well as B orkamo `dark', A orkäm `darkness' (Ural. LW [loanword]?; s.v. Windekens Orbis 11, 605 w. lit.). -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 146 a. 2, 367, Pok. 334 u. 857, Vasmer s. rjabína and rjabój, also W.-Hofmann s. rōbus. Older lit. in Bq. - The comparisons are not very convincing.Page in Frisk: 2,431-432Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρφνη
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63 ὄρχαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: in Hom. only in the formula ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ἄρχαμε λαῶν, later ὄ. στρατοῦ (A. Pers. 129 [lyr.]).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etymology and meaning debated. Of old (s. Curtius 189f.) often as `leader' derived from ἄρχω w. superlat. μο-suffix; the ο-vowel, if not from ablaut (e.g. ὄγμος: ἄγω), can be Aeolic (Kretschmer KZ 36, 268, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 226). Diff. Bechtel BB 30, 270 a. Lex. s.v. (agreeing a.o. Specht Ursprung 252 a. 255, Fraenkel KZ 72, 195): like ἔρκος Αχαιῶν as "protecting wall (of the men)" to ὄρχατος a. cogn. (s. ὄρχος). Still diff. (to ὄρχος `row') Wright ClassRev. 29, 111 f. - Furnée 342 thinks that ἀ-\/ὀ- (in ἄρχω) points to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,432Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρχαμος
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64 οὖς
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `ear'; metaph. `handle'(Il.; IA).Other forms: ὦς (Theoc., hell.). Gen. ὠτός, nom. acc. pl. ὦτα etc. (IA.), οὔατος, - ατα etc., with n. a. sg. οὖας (Simon.); besides ἆτα (cod. ἄτα) ὦτα. Ταραντῖνοι H.; prob. also sg. αὖς (Paul. Fest. 100, 4; Wackernagel IF 45, 312ff. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1252ff.); further details on the inflexion in Schwyzer 520.Dialectal forms: Myc. anowoto; also anowe like ἀμφ-ώης `with two ears or handles' (Theoc.; ἄμφ-ωτος Od.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ὠτ-ακουστέω `to eavesdrop, to listen, to attend' (Hdt., X., D., Plb.), compound of ὠτὶ ἀκουστόν (opposite ἀν-ηκουστέω: οὑκ ἀκουστόν; cf. ἀμνηστέω and Schwyzer 726; not correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 68), with ὠτακουστής m. `eavesdropper, listener' (Arist.); ἀν-ούατος `without ears, without handles' (Theoc.), ἄ-ωτος `id.' (Philet., Plu.); μυόσ-ωτ-ον ( μύ-ωτον) n., - ίς f. "mouse-ear" (the plant) `madwort, Asperugo', from μυὸς ὦτα `id.' (Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 42). On λαγώς s. v.Derivatives: ὠτ-ίον n. `handle, ear' (Theopomp. Com., LXX, NT), - άριον n. `id.' (com. IVa); οὑατ-όεις `with ears, handles' (Simon., Call.; also in Hom. a. Hes. for ὠτώεις to be reconstructed; Wackernagel Unt. 168f.), ὠτ-ικός `belonging to the ear' (Gal., Dsc.). Also ὠτ-ίς, - ίδος f. `bustard' (X., Arist.; after the cheek-plumes or the tuft?; Thompson Birds s.v.); besides ὦτ-ος m. `eared owl' (Arist.; after the ear-plumes). -- On ἐνῴδιον, ἐνώτιον s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [785] *h₂(e\/o)us- `ear'.Etymology: The pair οὖς, ὦς (cf. βοῦς, βῶς) can be derived from IE * ōus; Lat. aur-is, aus-cultō a.o. contain an e-grade (* h₂eus-), which may also be found in ἆτα from *αὔσ-ατα; s. also on ἀάνθα. To be noted old Att. ΟΣ, which seems to point to a contraction; one wanted to construct (since J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 407) a basis * ous-os, for which a support was seen in OCS ucho n. `ear', gen. ušes-e ; but it is also possible to read ὦς (after ὠτός etc.). The other forms can without problem be derived from IE * ōus-n-tos etc. with diff. phonetic developments, s. the extensive treatment in Schwyzer 520 a. 348, WP. 1,18 w. rich lit. The in οὔ-α-τος incorporated n-enlargement is also found in Arm. un-kn (with -kn after akn `eye'; so not comparable with ὠκίδες ἐνώτια H.) and in Germ., e.g. Goth. auso, ausin-s. -- From the further forms are especially notable the old duals Av. uš-i (IE * h₂us-ī, with zero grade); OCS uš-ī (IE * h₂us-ī ). Further details from diff. languages w. rich lit. in WP. (s. ab.), Pok. 785, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. auris, Vasmer s. úcho; older lit. also in Bq. -- (See also παρειαί, παρήϊον; not here ἀκούω, ἀκροάομαι.)Page in Frisk: 2,448-449Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὖς
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65 ὀφείλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to owe, to have to pay, to be obliged, to be due' (IA., also Il.)Other forms: ὀφέλλω (Aeol., Arc., also Hom.), ὀφήλω (Cret., Arc., Arg.), aor. 1. ὀφειλ-ῆσαι, pass. - ηθῆναι, fut. - ήσω (hell. also - έσω), perf. ὠφείληκα (Att.), aor. 2. ὤφελον, ὄφελον (Il., Att.). Beside it ὀφρλισκάνω, fut. ὀφλ-ήσω, aor. 1. - ῆσαι, perf. ὤφληκα (Att.), ptc. dat. pl. Ϝοφληκόσι, 3. pl. [Ϝο]φλέασι (Arc.), aor. 2. ὀφλεῖν (IA.), also wit ἐπ-, προσ-, `to be guilty, to incur a punishment, to be sentenced'.Derivatives: A. From pres. ὀφείλω: ὀφειλ-έτης m., - έτις f. `debtor' (S., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 62 a. 241 f.) with - έσιον n. `small debt' (Eust.), - ημα n. (Th., Pl., Arist.; ὀφήλωμα [Cret.] after ἀνάλωμα), - ησις f. (pap. IIIa) `debt, indebted sum'; -ή f. `debt, leasing' (pap., NT). B. From the aorist ὀφλεῖν: ὄφλ-ημα n. (D., Arist., pap.), - ησις f. (LXX) `penalty, fine'; - ητής m. `debtor' (gloss.), ὀφλοί ὀφειλέται, ὀφειλαί H.Etymology: The system ὀφλεῖν: ὀφλισκ-άνω: ὀφλήσω: ὤφληκα agrees with (except for the enlarging - άνω; Schwyzer 700) the group εὑρεῖν: εὑρίσκω, εὑρήσω, εὕρηκα; to this came the aorist ὀφλῆσαι (Lys. a. late); also [Ϝο]φλέ-ασι has the same enlarged zero grade without second. κ. Beside this system built on a zero grade themat. aorist stands another, based on the full grade aorist ὤφελον, to which came the nasal present *ὀφέλ-νω ( \> ὀφείλω, ὀφέλλω, ὀφήλω) like ἔτεμον: τέμνω. As the formation of the present ὀφείλω became unclear through the phonetic development, it could become the basis of another system. Also semantically the formal pairs went different ways. -- An old problem provides Ϝο- which appears only in an Arc. inscription. While some, e.g. Brugmann IF 29, 241 (cf. on οἴγνυμι), want to see in it a prefix (to Lat. au-, vē-, Skt. áva `away (from)'; diff. Vollgraff Mél. Bq 2, 339), others are inclined, e.g. Solmsen KZ 34, 450f., Fraenkel Phil. 97, 162, to see Ϝο- as reversed writing for ὀ- (further in Schwyzer 226 n. 1). -- Further quite isolated and dark; an attempt to connect ὀφείλω etc. with ὀφέλλω `augment' in v. Windekens Ling.Posn. 8, 35 ff. -- On the explanation of the individual forms Schwyzer 709 and 746 w. n. 9 (partly diff.), also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 314 (w. lit.) a. 394;Page in Frisk: 2,450-451Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀφείλω
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66 παλλακή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `concubine'. (IA., hell.; in hexam. unusable).Other forms: - ίς (Hom., X., hell.).Derivatives: παλλακ-ίδιον n. (Plu.), - ῖνος m. `son of a π.' (Sophr.), - ία (also - εία to - εύω; Scheller Oxytonierung 34 f.) f. `concubinage' (Is., Str.). - εύομαι, - εύω `to take as a concubine, to be a concubine' (Hdt., Str., Plu.). Here, prob. as backformation (cf. Lommel Femininbild. 52), πάλλαξ f. (Gell. as explanation of paelex), also m. `youngling' (gramm.) with - άκιον = μειράκιον (Pl. Com., Ael. Dion.), thematic παλλακός ἐρώμενος ( ἐρρωμένος cod.) H., Phot.; πάλληξ m. (Samos III--IIa, Ar. Byz.) with παλληκάριον (pap., written. - ι-), with NGr. παλληκάρι (cf. Schwyzer 497); w. diff. suffix πάλλᾱς, - αντος m. `youngling' (Philistid.; after γίγᾱς), from where names of Titans- and Gigantes (Hes.). -- On itself stands Παλλάς, - άδος (like μαινάς, δρυάς a.o.) f. surn. of Athena (Il.), by the Greeks in Egypt. Thebes still as sacral term = παρθένος (Str. 17, 1,46, Eust.), with - άδιον n. `statue of Pallas', prop. `doll, feminine idol' (Hdt., Ar., inscr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Old Wanderwort of unclear origin. One compares 1. Lat. paelex `concubine', perh. Greek LW [loanword] through Etrusc. intermediary (Ernout BSL 30, 122); 2. from Semit. Hebr. pīlegeš (- ll-), Aram. pīlaqtā (from Greek?), by nobody accepted; 3. less certain from Oldiran. Av. pairikā f. `demonic, through love-magic seductive woman', MPers. parīk, NPers. parī `Peri', PIr. *parī̆kā, which does not fit semantically (DELG), to which Ir. airech, gen. airige f. `concubine' (with Celt. loss of the p-?) closely resembles (Thurneysen IF 42, 146f.). Critical review of diff. views w. rich lit. W.-Hofmann s. paelex; older lit. also in Bq and WP. 2, 7. - The word is supposed to be anAnatolian loan, Walde IF 39, 85; the word may well be Pre-Greek (suff. - ακ-).Page in Frisk: 2,468-469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλλακή
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67 παλλω
παλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sway, to rock, to shake lots, to draw lots', midd. `to swing oneself', also `to jump, to hop'.Other forms: Aor. πῆλαι (Il.), midd. πήλασθαι (Call.), πάλτο ( ἀν-, κατ-έπαλτο s. bel.), redupl. ἀμ-πεπαλών (Hom.; also πεπάλ-εσθε, - έσθαι for - ασθε, - άσθαι resp. - αχθε, - άχθαι? s.bel.), aor. pass. ἀνα-παλείς (Str.), perf. midd. πέπαλμαι (A.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, late ἀνα- ( ἀμ-). -- As 2. member in ἐγχέσ-, σακέσ-παλος `swaying the spear, shield' (ep. Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 28).Derivatives: 1. πάλος m. `(shaken) lot' (Sapph., Hdt., trag.), ἄμπαλ-ος m. `fresh casting' (of the lot, Pi.); ἀναπάλ-η f. name of a dance (Ath.); 2. παλτόν n. `javelin' (A., X.) with ἐπάλταξα παλτῳ̃ ἔβαλον H., - ός adj. (S.); 3. παλμός m. `vibration, pulsation' (Hp., Arist., Epicur.) with - ώδης `full of vibrations' (Hp.); παλματίας σεισμός `heavy earthquake' (Arist.; cf. βρασματίας s. βράσσω); 4. πάλσις ( ἀνά-, ἀπό- παλλω) f. `pulsation etc.' (Arist., Epicur.). -- Intensive παι-πάλλειν σείειν H. On a velar enlargement seem to go back *παλ-άσσομαι, πεπάλ-αχθε, - άχθαι (H 171, ι 331); for these difficult perfects perh. redupl. aor. - εσθε, - έσθαι must be posited (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 396 with Döderlein; diff. Bechtel Lex. 266).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As common basis of all forms served παλ- (*πάλ-ι̯ω, *πάλ-σαι); through false analysis of the compounds κατ-επ-αλτο, ἀν-επ-αλτο (to ἅλλομαι `jump, hop') in κατ-, ἀν-έπαλτο one had an apparently augmented ἔ-παλτο, from where πάλτο and backformed πάλλομαι = ἅλλομαι arose (Geiss Münch. Stud. 11, 62ff. with Leumann Hom. Wörter 60 ff., with lit. a. further details). -- No cognates outside Greek. The connection with Lat. pellō, pe-pul-ī `set in movement with a push' (Curtius 268 with Fick, Ernout-Meillet) seems possible in spite of Solmsen Wortforsch. 18 f., Bq and WP. 2, 57; cf. παλμός = pulsus; further s. πελάζω (not ἀπελλαι)}. Here also Slav., e.g. Russ. polóch `revolt, commotion, confusion' (Solmsen PBBeitr. 27, 364, WP. 2, 52; further lit. in Vasmer s.v.)? Not with Fraenkel Mél. Bq 1, 358 and Pok. 801 to pel- `flow, swim' (cf. πολύς, πλέω, πίμπλημι); diff., also to be rejected, Palmer Glotta 27, 134ff., Richardson Trans. Phil. Soc. 1936, 101 ff. -- Hardly here πελεμίζω, πόλεμος, s. vv. - The analysis given is of course quite uncertain.Page in Frisk: 2,469Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παλλω
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68 πλοῦτος
Grammatical information: m. (late also n.; Schwyzer 512).Compounds: Compp., e.g. πλουτο-δότης m. `who spends riches' (Hes.), καλλί-πλουτος `with beautiful riches' (Pi.).Derivatives: 1. πλούσ-ιος, Lac. πλούτιος (EM) `rich' (Hes., h. Merc.; Zumbach Neuerungen 13) with - ιακός `belonging to the rich' (Alex. Com.), - ιάω = πλουτέω (Alex. Aphr.). 2. πλουτ-ηρός `bringing riches' (X.); -ᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `a rich fool' (Com.). 3. - ίνδην adv. `acc. to property' (Arist.). 4. πλουτ-έω `be rich' (Hes.); - ίζω `make rich, enrich' (trag., X.; κατα- πλοῦτος Hdt.) with - ιστής, - ιστήριος, ισμός (late). 5. Πλούτων, - ωνος m. god of reches, i.e. of the corn-provisions buried in the earth (trag.); on the motif of designation s. Nilsson Gr. Rel. I 471 ff.; acc. to. H. s. εὔπλουτον κανοῦν: " πλοῦτον γὰρ ἔλεγον την ἐκ τῶν κριθῶν καὶ τῶν πυρῶν περιουσίαν". 6. Πλουτεύς `id.' (Mosch., AP), prob. after Ζεύς; diff. Bosshardt 126.Etymology: Formation with το-suffix like the partly close νόστος, βίοτος, φόρτος; from πλέω in the sense `flow', so prop. "river, flood", first metaph. of a rich produce of corn (cf. above); so from * plou-to-. Diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 261: prop. "ford", of the inundation of the fields by the rain. -- Cf. the lit. on πένομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,563-564Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλοῦτος
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69 πόντος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sea, high sea' (ep. Il.), often in PN, e.g. ὁ Εὔξεινος πόντος `the Black Sea', for which also (ὁ) Πόντος (IA.), also as name of the south coast of the Black Sea and a state there (App. a.o.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ποντο-πόρος `crossing the sea' (ep.Il.) with ποντοπορ-έω, - εύω `to cross the sea' (Od.; on the formation Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 62, 95 a. 368, Sommer Sybaris 146ff.); on Έλλήσποντος s. v.Derivatives: 1. πόντ-ιος `belonging to the sea' (h. Hom., Pi.), f. - ιάς (Pi.); 2. - ικός `from Pontos' (IA.; Chantraine Études 109 f., 122); 3. - ίλος m. name of a mollusc (Arist.; s. ναυτ-ίλος); 4. - εύς m. name of a Phaeacian (θ 113; Bosshardt 100); 5. ποντ-ίζω (A., S.), sonst κατα- πόντος (Att., N. T.) `to sink in the sea' with ποντίσματα pl. n. `oblations sunk in the sea' (E.), καταποντ-ισμός m. `the drowning' (Isoc., LXX), - ιστής m. `one who throws in to the sea, lets drown' (Att.); 6. κατα-ποντ-όω `id.' (IA.); ποντ-όομαι `to form a sea' (Q.S.), - όω = - ίζω (Nic. Dam.) with - ωσις f. (Tz.).Etymology: As against the ο-stm in πόντος stand diff. formations in other languages in diff. meanings: in Indo-Iran. an ablauting pant(h)ā- (e.g. nom. sg. Skt. pánthā-ḥ, Av. pantā̊): path(i)- (e.g. instr. sg. path-ā́, paʮ-a, pl. pathí-bhiḥ, padǝ-bīš) m. `road, path'; in other languages a fullgrade i-stem: Arm. hun, gen. hn-i `ford', Lat. pons, gen. pl. ponti-um m. `bridge, passage', OCS pǫtь m. `road'. Both these widespread i-flexion and the Greek o-flexion have arisen from an older, in Indo-Iran. still living, rather complicated paradigm ( pont-eh₁-, pn̥t-h₁-). A deriv. of the in Skt. path-ā́ etc. appearing zerograde (IE *pn̥th₁-) is found in πάτος `road, path' (and in OPr. pintis `road'); s. on πατέω. Details on the morphology w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 26f., Pok. 808f., Mayrhofer s. pánthāḥ, W.-Hofmann s. pons, Vasmer s. putь. -- As orig. meaning. must be assumed `unpaved road, leading through country, water etc.'; cf. Benveniste Word 10, 256 f.; so πόντος prop. "fairway" (cf. ὑγρὰ κέλευθα) referring to a for a seefaring nation primary function of the sea. Cf. on θάλασσα, πέλαγος.Page in Frisk: 2,578-579Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόντος
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70 πρῳ̃ρα
πρῳ̃ραGrammatical information: f.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. κυανό-πρῳρος `dark-bowed' (Hom., B.), - πρῴρειος (γ 299, enlargement at verse-end; Risch $ 48 d), -πρώϊρα f. (Simon.241; explanation uncertain, cf. bel.).Derivatives: πρῴρ-ᾱθε(ν), - ηθε(ν) `from the bow, at the bow' (Pi., Th.); - εύς m. `second-steerman' (X., D., Arist.), also PN (θ 113; Bosshardt 55 a. 121); - άτης m. `id.' (S., X.: πρυμνήτης, κυβερνήτης; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 206) with - ατικός `concerning the prow' (pap., Poll.), - ατεύω `to be second-steerman' (Att., hell.); - ήσια pl. n. `uppermost points on starbord' (EM: πρυμνήσια); ptc. aor. πρῳ ράσαντες κροτήσαντες. ἡ δε μεταφορὰ ἀπὸ τῶν νεῶν καὶ τῆς εἰρεσίας H., cf. Men. Sikyon. 421 Kassel.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [813?] *prō (or *pr̥h₃-)u̯(e)r-i̯h₂ `forepart of a ship'Etymology: As old ι̯α-deriv. πρῳ̃ρα can be contracted from *πρώϜαρ-ι̯α or *πρώϜερ-ι̯α; cf. on the one hand πίειρα, πέπειρα, on the other χίμαιρα, γέραιρα a.o. Whether in κυανο-πρώϊραν (Simon. 241) an old uncontracted form *πρώειραν is preserved (Hdn. 2, 410), is unclear. The besides to be posited masc. *πρώϜων (cf. πίων, πέπων) can be found in πρών (s.v.). With *πρώ-Ϝων could be equated except for the n-stem Skt. pū́r-va- `the foremost, earlier', Toch. B pär-we `first', OCS prъ-vъ `the first'; on ρω beside Skt. ūr Schwyzer 361 (diff. WP. 2, 38, where in its place the Germ. word for `lord, lady', e.g. Goth. frauja, OHG frouwa is adduced). Details (partly diff.) in Schulze Q. 486f., Bechtel Lex. s.v. πρῶιρα and πρώων, πρών, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1943, 5. Finally to the great group of προ, s.v. -- Lat. LW [loanword] prōra, prōreta (from Ion. *πρῳρήτης); s. W.-Hofmann s.v.Page in Frisk: 2,608-609Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρῳ̃ρα
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71 ῥᾶ (1)
ῥᾶGrammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `easy' (Alcm., S.Fr. 1086, Ion. trag.).Other forms: ep. ῥῆα (wr. ῥεῖα), ῥέα (monosyll. reading necessary or possible; so for Aeol. ῥᾶ?), Ion. ῥέᾱ (Simon.), Aeol. βρᾶ ( = Ϝρᾶ, gramm., ῥῆα in Alc. homerism or mistake of the tradit.).Compounds: As 1. member in ῥᾳ-θυμος `lighthearted, carefree' (Att.) from *ῥαΐ-θυμος (as καλλί-ζωνος a.o.), if not secondary for the well attested ῥά-θυμος (Wackernagel Hell. 26 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1057).Derivatives: Comp.forms: comp. ep. ῥηΐτερον, Ion. ῥῄτερον (Thgn.), Dor. ῥᾳτερον (Pi.), also Ion. ῥήϊον, Att. ῥᾳ̃ον; to this ῥᾶσσον (gramm. in EM) after θᾶσσον (Seiler Steigerungsformen 73); sup. ep. ῥηΐτατα, Ion. ῥήϊστα, Dor. ῥάϊστα (Theoc.), Att. ῥᾳ̃στα. From the adv. arose the adj. forms ῥηΐτερος, ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳων, ῥᾳ̃στος; from ῥῆα, ῥᾶ the pos. ῥη-ϊδίως, Att. ῥᾳδίως, Aeol. βρα-ϊδίως (Alc.), to which the adj. ῥηΐδιος, ῥᾳδιος (like μαψ-ιδίως, - ίδιος a.o.); to this ῥᾳδιέστερος a. o. -- From ῥήϊον, ῥᾳ̃ον: ῥηΐζω, ῥαΐζω, aor. - ίσαι `to recover' (IA.) and ῥαΐαν ὑγείαν H. From ῥήϊστος, ῥᾳ̃στος: ῥῃστώνη, ῥᾳστώνη f. `recovery, leisurely condition, leisure' (IA.); formation unclear, cf. Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff., Meid IF 62, 277. Further details in Schwyzer 467 a. 539, Wackernagel Verm. Beitr. 11ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 772ff.), Seiler Steigerungsformen 72f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 18 n. 10.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From ep. ῥῆα and Aeol. βρᾶ we reconstruct PGr. *Ϝρᾶα, which can stand for *Ϝρᾶσ-α, perh. for *Ϝρᾶι̯-α; on the ending -α Schwyzer 622. No doubt old, inherited word, but without certain etymology. After Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1918, 281 f. prop. `raisable' (Lat. levis: levāre), to Lith. viršùs `the upper', Skt. vársman-'hight', to which also ἀπηύρα, ἀπούρας (doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 11, 249). To ἀπηύρα (but further diff.) also Schwyzer IF 45, 259ff. Still diff. Specht KZ 59, 93ff.: to ἀραιός `thin' (s. Schwyzer 539 w. n. 3). Szemerényi, Welt d. Slaven (1967) 272f. connects Av. uruuāza- `joy, bliss', from IE *u̯rādh-s- (but then the -s- would have been preserved in Greek); Pisani Acme 8(1955)117f.Page in Frisk: 2,636Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥᾶ (1)
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72 σῖτος
Grammatical information: m.Other forms: pl. σῖτα n.Dialectal forms: Myc. sito.Compounds: Numerous compp., e.g. σιτ-αγωγός `conveying corn' (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Chantraine Études 91); σιτ-ηρέσιον n. `provision of grain, (money for) victualling, pay' (X., D., hell. a. late), prob. with suppression of the intermediate member for - σιτ-ὑπ-ηρέσιον to τὸν σῖτον ( τὰ σιτία) ὑπηρετεῖν (slightly diff. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 190); σύσ-σιτος m. `table companion, messmate' (Thgn. etc.) with συσσίτ-ια pl., - ία, - ικός, - έω, - ησις.Derivatives: Many derivv.: subst. 1. σιτία pl. (rare - ίον sg.) n. `bread, fare, provision', also `corn' (IA. prose, com.); 2. dimin. σιτ-άριον n. `corn, bread' (Hp., pap.); 3. - ανίας ( πυρός) m. `kind of wheat' (Thphr.; beside κριθανίας [s. κριθή]; coubted by Kroll AmJPh. 60, 107); 4. - ώματα pl. `provision' (pap. IIp; - ώματα enlarged Chantraine Form. 186f.); 5. - ών, - ῶνος m. `granary, cornfield' (Roussel Mél. Navarre 375 ff.; Plu. a. o.); 6. -ώ f. surn. of Demeter (hell. a. late). Adj. 7. σιτ-ηρός (Hp., Arist. etc.); 8. - ικός (hell. a. late); 9. - ινος (late) `concerning the corn'; 10. - αῖα pl. n. `corn interest' (Olymos); 11. - ώδης `cornlike', τὰ σιτώδη `corn' (Thphr. etc.). Verbs 12. σιτ-έομαι, also w. κατα- a. o., `to feed' (ω 209 [ σιτέσκοντο]) with - ησις f. `(public) maintenance' (IA.); 13. - εύω, - εύομαι `to feed, to supply' (Hdt., hell. a. late) with - ευτός (X. etc.), - ευσις, - εύσιμος, - ευτής, - εία (hell. a. late); 14. - ίζω, - ίζομαι, often w. ἐπι-, `id.' with ἐπι- σῖτος ισμός `victualling' (X., D. etc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As opposed to πυρός and κριθή without convincing etymology. Often as LW [loanword] from an other IE language explained: 1. to Slav., e.g. Russ. žíto `corn', OPr. geits `bread' (Wiedemann BB 27, 213 n.); 2. to the Germ. word for `wheat', Goth. hvaiteis etc., i.e. from a northerly satemlanguage (G. Meyer Alban. Stud. 3, 51 n. 2). Diff. Hubschmid Sardische Stud. (Bern 1953) 104: like ἄρτος substratum word, to Basque zitu `corn, harvest'; Schott Festschr. Hirt 2, 47 (with Hemmel in Lewy Fremdw. 81 A.): to Sumer. zid `flour'; Maccarrone Arch. glottol. it. 31, 103ff.: from Egypt. sw.t `corn' (orig. Semit.). -- Not to ψίω `grind, masticate', ψίξ `crumb' (Prellwitz, Fick BB 28, 108).Page in Frisk: 2,711-712Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῖτος
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73 σκύλαξ
σκύλαξ, - ᾰκοςGrammatical information: f., m.Meaning: `doggy, puppy' (Od.), also `whelp, cub' in gen. (E. in lyr., Nic., Luc. a.o.); metaph. `collar, neckband' (Pl. Com., Plb.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σκυλάκ-ιον n. (IA.). 2. Fem. - αινα (AP), -η (Orph.). 3. Subst. - ῖτις f. `protectress of σ.', surname of Artemis (Orph.; Redard 212); - εύς m. = σκύλαξ (Opp.; rather metr. enlargement than bakformation from - εύω; cf. Bosshardt 71 and Kretschmer Glotta 11, 228). 4. Adj. - ειος `of σ.' (Hp., S. E.; Schmid - εος u. - ειος 51); - ώδης 'σ.-like' (X.); - ευτικός `belonging to σ.' (Ph.; analog. enlargement). 5. Verb - εύω of dogs act. `to mate, to copulate' (X., Arr.), pass. `to be raised' (Str., Max. Tyr.) with - εία f. `dog-breeding' (Plu., Poll.), - ευμα n. `offspring' (Epigr. ap. Plu., AP), - ευτής m. `dogbreeder' (Him.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: A word of the very large group of familiar and technical words in - αξ (cf. esp. μεῖραξ, δέλφαξ, πόρταξ etc., Chantraine Form. 377 ff.), σκύλαξ belongs first to σκύλ-ιον n. name of a shark (Arist.) and to σκύλλα fishname (Nic. Fr. 137 Schn.); s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 20 n. 1 (p. 21); to this, also w. expressive gemination, σκύλ(λ)ος = σκύλαξ, κύων (EM, H.) with σκυλλίς κληματίς H. (Strömberg Pfl.namen 31) and κύλλα σκύλαξ ( κύλλας κύλαξ cod.). Ήλεῖοι H. -- Without certain non-Greek cognates. Nearest comes Arm. c'ul, gen. c'l-u `joung bull' (Meillet BSL 26, 20f.), IE * skul- or * skōl-. Diff. Persson BB 19, 275 ff. with Prellwitz: to Lith. skalȉkas `barking hound' (: skãlyti `bark hunting') and kalė̃ `bitch' (s. also Fraenkel s. v.), to which after Persson also (quite improbable) from Germ. OWNo. skvaldra `talk loudly, boast' (Norw. also of dogs `bark loudly'), which however belongs first to OWNo. etc. skvala prop. `stream rustling' (from where `talk loudly'); s. WP. 1, 445 f. Still diff. Schwyzer KZ 37, 150 (to σκύζουσιν H.; s. σκυδμαίνω) and Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 277 (s. Bq). -- Acc. to old assumption here also Σκύλλη, Att. Σκύλλα ("the bitch") name of the well-known sea-monster (Od.); s. Güntert Kalypso 176 w. n. 7; acc. to others to σκύλλω (Joh. Schmidt P.-W. II: 3, 658; against this Güntert l.c.). -- Cf. σκύμνος. -- The word could well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,741-742Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκύλαξ
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74 σπαράσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rip, to tear, to shred, to attack' (IA.).Derivatives: σπάρ-αγμα n. `torn, ripped piece, scrap' (Trag., Arist. a. o.), - αγμός m. `ripping, tearing, convulsion' (trag. a. o.) with - αγμώδης `convulsive' (Hp., Plu.), - αξις f. `convulsion' (medic.), - ακτόν n. `crumbled rock, rubble' (Hero), διασπαρακτός `torn' (E., Ael.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Expressive formation in - άσσω like ταράσσω, τινάσσω, πατάσσω a. o.; without certain etymology. If - άσσω is only enlarging (Schwyzer 733), the word could be connected with σπαίρω etc. Persson Beitr. 2, 869 n. 1, who considers the velar as part of the root (- σσω analogical for - ζω Debrunner IF 21, 224), wants to connect σπαράσσω with a motley group, to which would belong a. o. Lat. spargō, OWNo. spark n. `kick', σπαργάω, σφαραγέομαι. Diff. id. Beitr. 1, 418 (= WP. 2, 668, Pok. 992): to Arm. p'ert` `torn off piece' (-rt` \< - rkt-), OWNo. spiǫrr f. `strip of cloth' (PGm. * sperrō). Still diff. Thierfelder by letter (as hypothesis): to σπάω after ταράσσω, ἀράσσω, χαράσσω a. o.Page in Frisk: 2,757Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπαράσσω
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75 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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76 Κένταυροι
Grammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: `name of mythical forest- and mountain inhabitants, half men, half horse; in Homer, where the horse-shape is not prominent, limited to the area of Pelion and Ossa (Il.).Derivatives: Κενταύρειος `belonging to the K.' (E., Luc.), -( ε)ιον name of a medical plant, `Centaurea salonitana' (Thphr., Dsc., pap.; after the herbalist Cheiron, therefore also called χειρωνιάς; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 100), also Κενταυρίη (Hp.) and - ρίς (Thphr.) `id.'; Κενταυρ-ικός `Centaur-like, wild, raw' (Ar.), - ίδης `descended from the Centaurs' (Luc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Proper meaning unknown, so without etymology; prob. foreign word. The old wrong comparison with Skt. Gandharvá- m. name of a mythical figure (Kuhn KZ 1, 513ff.) is still defended by Carnoy Le Muséon 49, 99f. and Dumézil Le Problème des Centaures (Paris 1929) 253ff. (where also Lat. februum is connected). Often connected with κεντεῖν `sting' with diff. interpretations of the 2. element: to * auro- `horse' (Nazari Riv. fil. class. 32, 99); to αὔρα `air' (Mannhardt Antike Wald- und Feldkulte [1877] 39ff.); to the same word for `water' which was assumed in ἄναυρος `torrent' (s. v.; Kretschmer Glotta 10, 50ff., 211f.). Diff. Sturtevant ClassPhil. 21, 235ff. (rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 17, 249f.). - See Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 229ff. - The word is no doubt Pre-Greek; did it have - arʷ-os?Page in Frisk: 1,819-820Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κένταυροι
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77 λαμβάνω
λαμβάνω (Hom.+) impf. ἐλάμβανον; fut. λήμψομαι (PTurin II, 3, 48; POxy 1664, 12; on the μ s. Mayser 194f; Thackeray 108ff; B-D-F §101; W-S. §5, 30; Mlt-H. 106; 246f; Reinhold 46f; WSchulze, Orthographica 1894.—On the middle s. B-D-F §77); 2 aor. ἔλαβον, impv. λάβε (B-D-F §101 p. 53 s.v. λαμβάνειν; W-S. §6, 7d; Mlt-H. 209 n. 1), impv. 3 pl. λαβέτωσαν (LXX; GJs 4:2); pf. εἴληφα (DRinge, Glotta 62, ’84, 125–28), 2 sing. εἴληφας and εἴληφες Rv 11:17 v.l. (W-S. §13, 16 note; Mlt-H. 221), ptc. εἰληφώς. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. ληφθήσονται Jdth 6:9; aor. εἰλήφθην LXX; pf. 3 sing. εἴληπται; plpf. 3 sg. εἴληπτο (Just., D. 132, 3). For Attic inscriptional forms s. Threatte II 645. In the following divisions, nos. 1–9 focus on an active role, whereas 10 suggests passivity.① to get hold of someth. by laying hands on or grasping someth., directly or indirectly, take, take hold of, grasp, take in hand ἄρτον (Diod S 14, 105, 3 ῥάβδον; TestSol 2:8 D τὴν σφραγῖδα; TestJob 23:10 ψαλίδα) Mt 26:26a; Mk 14:22a; Ac 27:35. τ. βιβλίον (Tob 7:14) Rv 5:8f. τ. κάλαμον Mt 27:30. λαμπάδας take (in hand) (Strattis Com. [V B.C.], Fgm. 37 K. λαβόντες λαμπάδας) 25:1, 3. λαβέτωσαν ἀνὰ λαμπάδα GJs 7:2. μάχαιραν draw the sword (Gen 34:25; Jos., Vi. 173 [cp. JosAs 23:2 τὴν ῥομφαίαν]) Mt 26:52. Abs. λάβετε take (this) Mt 26:26b; Mk 14:22b.— Take hold of (me) GHb 356, 39=ISm 3:2.—ἔλαβέ με ἡ μήτηρ μου τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα ἐν μιᾷ τῶν τριχῶν μου my mother, the Holy Spirit, took me by one of my hairs GHb 20, 63. Ἐλισάβεδ … λαβουμένη (λαβοῦσα codd.) αὐτὸν ἀνέβη ἐν τῇ ὀρεινῇ E. took (John) and went up into the hill-country GJs 22:3. λαβών is somet. used somewhat pleonastically to enliven the narrative, as in Hom. (Od. 24, 398) and dramatists (Soph., Oed. R. 1391 et al.), but also in accord w. Hebr. usage (JViteau, Étude sur le Grec du NT 1893, 191; Dalman, Worte 16ff; Wlh., Einleitung2 1911, 14; B-D-F §419, 1 and 2; s. Rob. 1127; s., e.g., ApcBar 2:1 λαβών με ἤγαγε; Josh 2:4; Horapollo 2, 88 τούτους λαβὼν κατορύττει) Mt 13:31, 33; Mk 9:36; Lk 13:19, 21; J 12:3; Ac 9:25; 16:3; Hs 5, 2, 4. The ptc. can here be rendered by the prep. with (B-D-F §418, 5; Rob. 1127) λαβὼν τὴν σπεῖραν ἔρχεται he came with a detachment J 18:3 (cp. Soph., Trach. 259 στρατὸν λαβὼν ἔρχεται; ApcrEsd 6, 17 p. 31, 24 Tdf. λαβὼν … στρατιὰν ἀγγέλων). λαβὼν τὸ αἷμα … τὸν λαὸν ἐρράντισε with the blood he sprinkled the people Hb 9:19 (cp. ParJer 9:32 λαβόντες τὸν λίθον ἔθηκαν ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα αὐτοῦ ‘they crowned his tomb with a stone’; Mel., P. 14, 88 λαβόντες δὲ τὸ … αἶμα). Different is the periphrastic aor. ptc. use of λ. w. ἔχει: Dg 10:6 ἃ παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λαβὼν ἔχει what the pers. has received fr. God (cp. Eur., Bacchae 302 μεταλαβὼν ἔχει; Goodwin §47; Gildersleeve, Syntax §295; Schwyzer I, 812). Freq. parataxis takes the place of the ptc. constr. (B-D-F §419, 5) ἔλαβε τὸν Ἰησοῦν καὶ ἐμαστίγωσεν (instead of λαβὼν τ. Ἰ. ἐ.) he had Jesus scourged J 19:1. λαβεῖν τὸν ἄρτον … καὶ βαλεῖν throw the bread Mt 15:26; Mk 7:27. ἔλαβον τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ καὶ ἐποίησαν τέσσερα μέρη they divided his garments into four parts J 19:23.—In transf. sense ἀφορμὴν λ. find opportunity Ro 7:8, 11 (s. ἀφορμή); ὑπόδειγμα λ. take as an example Js 5:10; so also λ. alone, λάβωμεν Ἐνώχ 1 Cl 9:3.—Of the cross as a symbol of the martyr’s death take upon oneself Mt 10:38 (cp. Pind., P. 2, 93 [171] λ. ζυγόν). We may class here ἔλαβεν τὰ ἱμάτια αὐτοῦ he put his clothes on J 13:12 (cp. Hdt. 2, 37; 4, 78; GrBar 9:7 τὸν ὄφιν ἔλαβεν ἔνδυμα). Prob. sim. μορφὴν δούλου λ. put on the form of a slave Phil 2:7.—Of food and drink take (cp. Bel 37 Theod.) Mk 15:23. ὅτε ἔλαβεν τὸ ὄξος J 19:30; λαβὼν τροφὴν ἐνίσχυσεν Ac 9:19; τροφὴν … λα[βεῖν] AcPl Ha 1, 19. (βρέφος) ἔλαβε μασθὸν ἐκ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ Μαρίας (the infant) took the breast of his mother Mary GJs 19:2.—1 Ti 4:4 (s. 10b below) could also belong here.② to take away, remove (τὴν ψυχήν ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 23 Tdf.) with or without the use of force τὰ ἀργύρια take away the silver coins (fr. the temple) Mt 27:6. τὰς ἀσθενείας diseases 8:17. τὸν στέφανον Rv 3:11. τὴν εἰρήνην ἐκ τῆς γῆς remove peace from the earth 6:4 (λ. τι ἐκ as UPZ 125, 13 ὸ̔ εἴληφεν ἐξ οἴκου; 2 Ch 16:2; TestSol 4:15 D; TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 12 [Stone p. 70]; Mel., P. 55, 403).③ to take into one’s possession, take, acquire τὶ someth. τὸν χιτῶνα Mt 5:40. οὐδὲ ἕν J 3:27. ἑαυτῷ βασιλείαν obtain kingly power for himself Lk 19:12 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 220). λ. γυναῖκα take a wife (Eur., Alc. 324; X., Cyr. 8, 4, 16; Gen 4:19; 6:2; Tob 1:9; TestSol 26:1; TestJob 45:3; ParJer 8:3; Jos., Ant. 1, 253; Just., D. 116, 3; 141, 4) Mk 12:19–21; 22 v.l.; Lk 20:28–31 (s. also the vv.ll. in 14:20 and 1 Cor 7:28). Of his life, that Jesus voluntarily gives up, in order to take possession of it again on his own authority J 10:18a. [ἀπολείπ]ετε τὸ σκότος, λάβεται τὸ φῶς [abandon] the darkness, seize the light AcPl Ha 8, 32. ἑαυτῷ τ. τιμὴν λ. take the honor upon oneself Hb 5:4.—Lay hands on, seize w. acc. of the pers. who is seized by force (Hom. et al.; LXX; mid. w. gen. Just., A II, 2, 10, D. 105, 3) Mt 21:35, 39; Mk 12:3, 8. Of an evil spirit that seizes the sick man Lk 9:39 (cp. PGM 7, 613 εἴλημπται ὑπὸ τοῦ δαίμονος; TestSol 17:2 εἰ λήμψομαί τινα, εὐθέως ἀναιρῶ αὐτὸν τῷ ξίφει; Jos., Ant. 4, 119 ὅταν ἡμᾶς τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ λάβῃ πνεῦμα; Just., A I, 18, 4 ψυχαῖς ἀποθανόντων λαμβανόμενοι).—Esp. of feelings, emotions seize, come upon τινά someone (Hom. et al.; Ex 15:15; Wsd 11:12; Jos., Ant. 2, 139; 14, 57) ἔκστασις ἔλαβεν ἅπαντας amazement seized (them) all Lk 5:26. φόβος 7:16. Sim. πειρασμὸς ὑμᾶς οὐκ εἴληφεν εἰ μὴ ἀνθρώπινος 1 Cor 10:13.—Of hunting and fishing: catch (X., Cyr. 1, 4, 9; Aelian, VH 4, 14) οὐδέν Lk 5:5=J 21:6 v.l. Fig. εἴ τις λαμβάνει (ὑμᾶς) if someone puts something over on you, takes advantage of you 2 Cor 11:20 (the exx. cited in Field, Notes, 184f refer to material plunder, whereas Paul appears to point to efforts of his opposition to control the Corinthians’ thinking for their own political purposes; also s. CLattey, JTS 44, ’43, 148); in related vein δόλῳ τινὰ λ. catch someone by a trick 12:16.④ to take payment, receive, accept, of taxes, etc. collect the two-drachma tax Mt 17:24; tithes Hb 7:8f; portion of the fruit as rent Mt 21:34. τὶ ἀπό τινος someth. fr. someone (Plut., Mor. 209d, Aem. Paul. 5, 9) 17:25. παρὰ τῶν γεωργῶν λ. ἀπὸ τῶν καρπῶν collect a share of the fruit fr. the vinedressers Mk 12:2.—τὶ παρά τινος someth. fr. someone (Aristarch. Sam. p. 352, 4; Jos., Ant. 5, 275; Just., D. 22, 11; Tat. 19, 1) οὐ παρὰ ἀνθρώπου τὴν μαρτυρίαν λ. the testimony which I receive is not from a human being or I will not accept mere human testimony (PSI 395, 6 [241 B.C.] σύμβολον λαβὲ παρʼ αὐτῶν=have them give you a receipt) J 5:34; cp. vs. 44; 3:11, 32f.⑤ to include in an experience, take up, receive τινὰ someone εἰς into (Wsd 8:18) lit. εἰς τὸ πλοῖον take someone (up) into the boat J 6:21. εἰς οἰκίαν receive someone into one’s house 2J 10. εἰς τὰ ἴδια into his own home J 19:27. Receive someone in the sense of recognizing the other’s authority J 1:12; 5:43ab; 13:20abcd.—οἱ ὑπηρέται ῥαπίσμασιν αὐτὸν ἔλαβον Mk 14:65 does not mean ‘the servants took him into custody with blows’ (BWeiss, al.), but is a colloquialism (s. B-D-F §198, 3, w. citation of AcJo 90 [Aa II 196, 1] τί εἰ ῥαπίσμασίν μοι ἔλαβες; ‘what if you had laid blows on me?’) the servants treated him to blows (Moffatt: ‘treated him to cuffs and slaps’), or even ‘got’ him w. blows, ‘worked him over’ (perh. a Latinism; Cicero, Tusc. 2, 14, 34 verberibus accipere. B-D-F §5, 3b; s. Rob. 530f); the v.l. ἔβαλον is the result of failure to recognize this rare usage. καλῶς ἔλαβόν σε; have (the young women) treated you well? Hs 9, 11, 8.⑥ to make a choice, choose, select πᾶς ἀρχιερεὺς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων λαμβανόμενος who is chosen fr. among human beings Hb 5:1 (cp. Num 8:6; Am 2:11; Just., D. 130, 3). The emphasis is not on gender but the human status of the chief priest in contrast to that of the unique Messiah vs. 5.⑦ to accept as true, receive τὶ someth. fig. τὰ ῥήματά τινος receive someone’s words (and use them as a guide) J 12:48; 17:8; AcPl Ha 1, 6 (s. καρδία 1bβ). τὸν λόγον receive the teaching Mt 13:20; Mk 4:16 (for μετὰ χαρᾶς λ. cp. PIand 13, 18 ἵνα μετὰ χαρᾶς σε ἀπολάβωμεν).⑧ to enter into a close relationship, receive, make one’s own, apprehend/comprehend mentally or spiritually (Soph., Pla. et al.) of the mystical apprehension of Christ (opp. κατελήμφθην ὑπὸ Χριστοῦ) ἔλαβον (i.e. Χριστόν) I have made (him) my own Phil 3:12.⑨ Special uses: the OT is the source of λαμβάνειν πρόσωπον show partiality/favoritism (s. πρόσωπον 1bα end) Lk 20:21; Gal 2:6; B 19:4; D 4:3.—θάρσος λ. take courage s. θάρσος; πεῖράν τινος λ. try someth. (Pla., Prot. 342a; 348a, Gorg. 448a; X., Cyr. 6, 1, 28; Polyb. 1, 75, 7; 2, 32, 5; 5, 100, 10; Aelian, VH 12, 22; Dt 28:56; Jos., Ant. 8, 166; diff. Dio Chrys. 50, 6) Hb 11:29 (this expr. has a different mng. in vs. 36; s. 10b below).—συμβούλιον λαμβάνειν consult (with someone), lit. ‘take counsel’, is a Latinism (consilium capere; s. B-D-F §5, 3b; Rob. 109) Mt 27:7; 28:12; w. ὅπως foll. 22:15; foll. by κατά τινος against someone and ὅπως 12:14; foll. by κατά τινος and ὥστε 27:1. οὐ λήψῃ βουλὴν πονηρὰν κατὰ τοῦ πλησίον σου D 2:6.⑩ to be a receiver, receive, get, obtainⓐ abs. λαβών (of a hungry hog) when it has received someth. B 10:3. (Opp. αἰτεῖν, as Appian, Fgm. [I p. 532–36 Viereck-R.] 23 αἰτεῖτε καὶ λαμβάνετε; PGM 4, 2172) Mt 7:8; Lk 11:10; J 16:24. (Opp. διδόναι as Thu. 2, 97, 4 λαμβάνειν μᾶλλον ἢ διδόναι; Ael. Aristid. 34 p. 645 D.; Herm. Wr. 5, 10b; Philo, Deus Imm. 57; SibOr 3, 511) Mt 10:8; Ac 20:35; B 14:1; but in D 1:5 λ. rather has the ‘active’ sense accept a donation (as ἵνα λάβῃ ἐξουσίαν TestJob 8:2).ⓑ w. acc. of thing τὶ someth. (Da 2:6; OdeSol 11:4 σύνεσιν; TestJob 24:9 τρεῖς ἄρτους al.; ApcEsdr 5:13 p. 30, 11 Tdf. τὴν ψυχήν) τὸ ψωμίον receive the piece of bread J 13:30. ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν water of life without cost Rv 22:17. μισθόν (q.v. 1 and 2a) Mt 10:41ab; J 4:36; 1 Cor 3:8, 14; AcPlCor 2:36 (TestSol 1:2, 10). Money: ἀργύρια Mt 28:15; ἀνὰ δηνάριον a denarius each Mt 20:9f. ἐλεημοσύνην Ac 3:3. βραχύ τι a little or a bite J 6:7; eternal life Mk 10:30 (Jos., C. Ap. 2, 218 βίον ἀμείνω λαβεῖν); the Spirit (schol. on Plato 856e ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα) J 7:39; Ac 2:38; cp. Gal 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; 2 Cor 11:4; forgiveness of sin Ac 10:43 (Just., D. 54, 1); grace Ro 1:5; cp. 5:17; the victor’s prize 1 Cor 9:24f; the crown of life Js 1:12 (cp. Wsd 5:16 λ. τὸ διάδημα). συμφύγιον/σύμφυτον καὶ ὅπλον εὐδοκίας λάβωμεν Ἰησοῦν χριστόν the sense of this clause, restored from AcPl Ha 8, 23–24 and AcPl Ox 1602, 33–35 (=BMM recto 29–31) emerges as follows: and let us take Jesus Christ as our refuge/ally and shield, the assurance of God’s goodwill toward us. The early and late rain Js 5:7. ἔλεος receive mercy Hb 4:16 (Just., D. 133, 1). λ. τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ υἱοῦ (θεοῦ) receive the name of the Son of God (in baptism) Hs 9, 12, 4. διάδοχον receive a successor Ac 24:27 (cp. Pliny the Younger, Ep. 9, 13 successorem accipio). τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν αὐτοῦ λαβέτω ἕτερος let another man receive his position 1:20 (Ps 108:8). τόπον ἀπολογίας λ. (τόπος 4) 25:16. λ. τι μετὰ εὐχαριστίας receive someth. w. thankfulness 1 Ti 4:4 (but s. 1 above, end.—On the construction with μετά cp. Libanius, Or. 63 p. 392, 3 F. μετὰ ψόγου λ.). τί ἔχεις ὅ οὐκ ἔλαβες; what have you that you did not receive? 1 Cor 4:7 (Alciphron 2, 6, 1 τί οὐ τῶν ἐμῶν λαβοῦσα ἔχεις;). Of punishments (cp. δίκην λ. Hdt. 1, 115; Eur., Bacch. 1312. ποινάς Eur., Tro. 360. πληγάς Philyllius Com. [V B.C.] 11 K.; GrBar 4:15 καταδίκην; Jos., Ant. 14, 336 τιμωρίαν) λ. περισσότερον κρίμα receive a punishment that is just so much more severe Mt 23:13 [14] v.l. (cp. κρίμα 4b); Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47; cp. Js 3:1. οἱ ἀνθεστηκότες ἑαυτοῖς κρίμα λήμψονται those who oppose will bring punishment upon themselves Ro 13:2. πεῖράν τινος λ. become acquainted with, experience, suffer someth. (X., An. 5, 8, 15; Polyb. 6, 3, 1; 28, 9, 7; 29, 3, 10; Diod S 12, 24, 4 τὴν θυγατέρα ἀπέκτεινεν, ἵνα μὴ τῆς ὕβρεως λάβῃ πεῖραν; 15, 88, 4; Jos., Ant. 2, 60; Preisigke, Griech. Urkunden des ägypt. Museums zu Kairo [1911] 2, 11; 3, 11 πεῖραν λ. δαίμονος) μαστίγων πεῖραν λ. Hb 11:36 (the phrase in a diff. mng. vs. 29; s. 9b above).ⓒ Also used as a periphrasis for the passive: οἰκοδομὴν λ. be edified 1 Cor 14:5. περιτομήν be circumcised J 7:23 (Just., D. 23, 5 al.). τὸ χάραγμα receive a mark = be marked Rv 14:9, 11; 19:20; 20:4. καταλλαγήν be reconciled Ro 5:11. ὑπόμνησίν τινος be reminded of = remember someth. 2 Ti 1:5 (Just., D 19, 6 μνήμην λαμβάνητε); λήθην τινὸς λ. forget someth. (Timocles Com. [IV B.C.], Fgm. 6, 5 K.; Aelian, VH 3, 18 end, HA 4, 35; Jos., Ant. 2, 163; 202; 4, 304; Just., D. 46, 5 ἵνα μὴ λήθη ὑμᾶς λαμβάνῃ τοῦ θεοῦ) 2 Pt 1:9; χαρὰν λ. experience joy, rejoice Hv 3, 13, 2 ; GJs 12:2; ἀρχὴν λ. be begun, have its beginning (Pla et al.; Polyb. 1, 12, 9; Sext. Emp., Phys. 1, 366; Aelian, VH 2, 28; 12, 53; Dio Chrys. 40, 7; Philo, Mos. 1, 81 τρίτον [σημεῖον] … τὴν ἀρχὴν τοῦ γίνεσθαι λαβὸν ἐν Αἰγύπτῳ; Just., D. 46, 4 τὴν ἀρχὴν λαβούσης ἀπὸ Ἀβραὰμ τῆς περιτομῆς; Ath. 19, 2 ἑτέραν ἀρχὴν τοῦ κόσμου λαβόντος) Hb 2:3; ApcPt Rainer ln. 19.—λ. τι ἀπό τινος receive someth. from someone (Epict. 4, 11, 3 λ. τι ἀπὸ τῶν θεῶν; Herm. Wr. 1, 30; ApcMos 19 ὅτε δὲ ἔλαβεν ἀπʼ ἐμοῦ τὸν ὄρκον; Just., D. 78, 10 τῶν λαβόντων χάριν ἀπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ) 1J 2:27; 3:22. Also τὶ παρά τινος (Pisander Epicus [VI B.C.] Fgm. 5 [in Athen. 11, 469d]; Diod S 5, 3, 4 λαβεῖν τι παρὰ τῶν θεῶν; TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 8 [Stone p. 12] λαβὼν τὴν εὐχὴν παρʼ αὐτῶν; Just., A I, 60, 3 ἐνέργειαν τὴν παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ λεγομένην λαβεῖν τὸν Μωυσέα.—παρά A3aβ) J 10:18b; Ac 2:33; 3:5; 20:24; Js 1:7; 2J 4; Rv 2:28. λ. τὸ ἱκανὸν παρὰ τοῦ Ἰάσονος receive bail from Jason Ac 17:9 (s. ἱκανός 1). λ. τι ὑπό τινος be given someth. by someone 2 Cor 11:24. κλῆρον καὶ μερισμὸν λαμβάνοντες AcPl Ha 8, 18/Ox 1602, 22f [λαβόντες]=BMM recto 23f (s. κλῆρος 2). λ. τι ἔκ τινος receive someth. fr. a quantity of someth.: ἐκ τοῦ πληρώματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβομεν χάριν from his fullness we have received favor J 1:16. ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ ἐλάβετε Hs 9, 24, 4.—λ. ἐξ ἀναστάσεως τοὺς νεκροὺς αὐτῶν (s. ἀνάστασις 2a) Hb 11:35. On ἐν γαστρὶ εἴληφα (LXX) GJs 4:2 and 4 s. γαστήρ 2 and συλλαμβάνω 3.—B. 743. Schmidt, Syn. III 203–33. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
78 ἀποκρίνομαι
ἀποκρίνομαι 1 aor. mid. ἀπεκρινάμην (occas. NT, but the usual form in Joseph.). Pass.: 1 fut. ἀποκριθήσομαι; aor. ἀπεκρίθην (freq. in NT; in Jos. only Ant. 9, 35 and in Just. only D. 3, 6) (Ammonios, De Adfin. Voc. Diff. 67 [KNikkau ’66] states the purist’s position: ἀποκριθῆναι … ἐστι τὸ ἀποχωρισθῆναι, ἀποκρίνασθαι δὲ τὸ ἐρωτηθέντα λόγον δοῦναι = ἀποκριθῆναι has to do w. making distinctions, ἀποκρίνασθαι with making a reply; cp. Phryn. 108 Lob; on developments in the Koine s. M-M; also B-D-F §78; W-S. §13, 9; Rob. 334; Mayser I 22, 158; Thackeray 239; DELG s.v. κρίνω).① answer, reply (so occas. in Hdt. and fr. Thu. on; ins, pap, LXX; En 106:9; TestSol, TestAbr, TestJob; JosAs 4:16; ParJer, ApcMos, ApcrEsdr [Epiph. 70, 14], EpArist; Philo, e.g. Aet. M. 4 [ἀπεκρίνατο]; Just.; diff. and more precisely Ath. [‘separate oneself’]) τινί and in Lk πρός τινα to someone (Thu. 5, 42, 2; Iambl., Myst. 7, 5 at end) Lk 4:4; 6:3; Ac 3:12; 25:16. To a question Mt 11:4; 13:11; 19:4; Mk 12:28, 34; Lk 3:11; 7:22; J 1:21, 26, 48; 3:5 al.; MPol 8:2. To requests, exhortations, commands, etc., the answer being quoted directly Mt 4:4; 12:39; 13:37; 1 Cl 12:4; MPol 10, 1 al. Freq. in Hermas: v 1, 1, 5 and 7; 3, 3, 1; 3, 4, 1 and 3; 3, 6, 5f al. Not preceded by a question expressed or implied, when the sentence is related in content to what precedes and forms a contrast to it, reply (as a reaction) Mt 3:15; 8:8; 12:48; 14:28; 15:24, 28; Mk 7:28; J 2:18; 3:9; Ac 25:4 al. τινί τι Mt 15:23; 22:46; Mk 14:40; Lk 23:9 (cp. Epict. 2, 24, 1 πολλάκις ἐπιθυμῶν σου ἀκοῦσαι ἦλθον πρός σε καὶ οὐδέποτέ μοι ἀπεκρίνω). οὐ γὰρ ᾔδει τί ἀποκριθῇ Mk 9:6; οὐδεν Mt 26:62; 27:12; Mk 14:61; πρός τι to someth. (Pla., Protag. 338d) οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ πρὸς οὐδὲ ἕν ῥῆμα he made no reply to him, not even to a single word or charge Mt 27:14 (cp. Jesus, son of Ananias, before the procurator Albinus: πρὸς ταῦτα οὐδʼ ὁτιοῦν ἀπεκρίνατο Jos., Bell. 6, 305; TestAbr A 16 p. 98, 11 [Stone p. 44] ὁ θάνατος … οὐκ ἀπεκρίθη αὐτῷ [Abraham] λόγον; Eupolis Com. [V B.C.] K. ὡς ὑμῖν ἐγὼ πάντως ἀποκρινοῦμαι πρὸς τὰ κατηγορούμενα.—Artem. 3, 20 ὁ μηδὲν ἀποκρινόμενος μάντις … καὶ ἡ σιγὴ ἀπόκρισις ἀλλʼ ἀπαγορευτική= … a negative answer, to be sure. Just., A II, 9, 1 πρὸς τοῦτο; D. 50, 1 πρὸς πάντα). W. inf. foll. Lk 20:7 (on the rhetorical exchange 20:2–8 cp. Pla., Meno 76a and b); w. acc. and inf. foll. (X., Hell. 2, 2, 18) Ac 25:4 (cp. Just., D. 67, 9); foll. by ὅτι and direct discourse Mk 8:4; Ac 25:16; IPhld 8:2; foll. by dir. disc. without ὅτι Mk 9:17; J 1:21 (cp. Just., D. 35, 2 al.).② Of the continuation of discourse like עָנָה (וַיַּעַן וַיּאֹמֶר, cp. the Homeric ἀμειβόμενος προσέειπε Il. 3; 437, s. DGE s.v. ἀμείβω; ἀπαμειβόμενος προσέφη Il. 1, 84 al.; for related pleonasm s. L-S-J-M λέγω III 7) continue Mt 11:25; 12:38; 15:15; 22:1; 26:25; Mk 10:24; begin, speak up Mt 26:63 v.l.; Mk 9:5; 10:51; 11:14; 12:35; Lk 1:19; 13:14; 14:3; J 5:19; Ac 5:8 (cp. Dt 21:7; 26:5; Is 14:10; Zech 1:10; 3:4; 1 Macc 2:17; 8:19; 2 Macc 15:14). Used formulaically w. εἰπεῖν or λέγειν, and oft. left untransl.: 2 Cl 5:3; ἀπεκρίθη καὶ εἶπεν J 2:19; ἀποκριθεὶς εἶπεν Mt 16:16 al. (TestAbr B 4, p. 108, 21 [Stone p. 64]; TestJob; ParJer 7:2); ἀποκριθεὶς ἔφη Lk 23:3; GPt 11:46; ἀπεκρίθη καὶ λέγει Mk 7:28; J 1:49 v.l.; 4:17; ἀποκριθήσονται λέγοντες Mt 25:37; ἀπεκρίθη λέγων Hs 5, 4, 3 Joly (cp. Hdt. 5, 67, 2 χρᾷ φᾶσα=[the Pythia] declared and said; TestLevi 19:2; B-D-F §420, 1; Mlt. 131; Schwyzer II 301; Dalman, Worte 19f [Eng. 24f]; PJoüon, ‘Respondit et dixit’: Biblica 13, ’32, 309–14).—B. 1266. M-M. TW. -
79 εἵνεκεν
-
80 Θηβαγενής
1 Theban born, test., Ammon., de Diff. Verb. p. 70 Valck. (= FGH, 70 F 21, Ephoros.) Θηβαῖοι καὶ Θηβαγενεῖς διαφέρουσιν καθὼς Δίδυμος ἐν ὑπομνήματι τῷ πρώτῳ τῶν παιάνων Πινδάρου φησίν· καὶ τὸν τρίποδα ἀπὸ τούτου Θηβαγενεῖς πέμπουσι τὸν χρύσεον εἰς Ἰσμήνιον (Valck.: Ἰσμηνὸν codd.) πρῶτον” fr. 66, cf. Σ, P. 11.5, Wil., Pindaros, 14.
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diff — est une commande Unix qui permet de comparer deux fichiers et d en afficher les différences. La première version de diff a été livrée avec la 5e édition d Unix en 1974, elle avait été écrite par Douglas McIlroy. L article de recherche a été… … Wikipédia en Français
Diff — est une commande Unix qui permet de comparer deux fichiers et d en afficher les différences. La première version de diff a été livrée avec la 5e édition d Unix en 1974, elle avait été écrite par Douglas McIlroy. L article de recherche a été… … Wikipédia en Français
diff — or dif [dif] n. [Slang] short for DIFFERENCE [what s the diff?] * * * diff (dĭf) n. Informal Difference: “[His] flaw... starts with a fleshy calculation, an instinct to blunt disagreeme … Universalium
DIFF — may refer to: diff, a file comparison utility Dominican International Film Festival Dubai International Film Festival This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an … Wikipedia
diff — or dif [dif] n. [Slang] short for DIFFERENCE [what s the diff?] … English World dictionary
Diff — In computing, diff is a file comparison utility that outputs the differences between two files, or the changes made to a current file by comparing it to a former version of the same file. Diff displays the changes made per line for text files.… … Wikipedia
diff — This article is about the file comparison utility. For other uses, see DIFF (disambiguation). Diffs redirects here. For the American punk rock group, see The Diffs. In computing, diff is a file comparison utility that outputs the differences… … Wikipedia
