σκύζουσιν

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to rage, to grumble'; with as backformation σκύδμαινος σκυθρωπός H. (Σ 592).

Compounds: ἀπο- σκυδμαίνω (Σ 65).

Derivatives: Besides σκύζομαι, also w. ἐπι-, (Hom.), aor. opt. ἐπισκύσσαιτο (η 306), ind. ἐπισκύσαι (EM) `id.'; act. σκύζουσιν ἡσυχῆ ὑποφθέγγονται, ὥσπερ κύνες H.; σκυζάω `id.' (Poll.). Also PN Σκύδρος (Delos IV^a)?; cf. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 501. -- With θρο- or ρο-suffix σκυθρός `grumpy, murky, gloomy' (Men., Arat.) with σκυθρ-άζω `to be grumpy, murky' (E. El. 830), - ίων m. PN (Tanagra IV^a); on σκύθραξ μεῖραξ, ἔφηβος H. s. σκυρθάλιος. Mostly in σκυθρ-ωπός `with a gloomy look' (Hp., Att.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 7 a. 9) with - ωπότης f. (Hp.), - ωπάζω `to look gloomy etc.', - ωπασμός f. (Plu.). As in ἐριδμαίνω beside ἐρίζω σκυδμαίνω beside σκύζομαι has its - μ- from πημαίνω, θερμαίνω etc. Thus beside σκυδ-: σκυζ- may have been built after ἐριδ-: ἐριζ-. In this way there is for σκυθρός no basis for a basic *σκυδ-θρος (from where *σκυσ-θρός and with dissim. σκυθρός; Schwyzer KZ 37, 149f.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [955] * skudʰ- `grumble'

Etymology: Without certain etymology. After tradit. interpretation since Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 240 to Lith. (pra-)skundù, -skudaũ, -skùsti `become nervous, tired, begin to feel pain', Latv. skundêt `grumble, commiserate (oneself), blame, gradge' etc. (WP. 2, 554, Pok. 955). The Lith. accent points to dʰ (wrong Pok.).

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Grammatical information: f., m.

Meaning: `doggy, puppy' (Od.), also `whelp, cub' in gen. (E. in lyr., Nic., Luc. a.o.); metaph. `collar, neckband' (Pl. Com., Plb.).

Compounds: Also 1. member a. o. in σκυλακο-τρόφος `breeding dogs' with - ία, - ικός (late).

Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σκυλάκ-ιον n. (IA.). 2. Fem. - αινα (AP), -η (Orph.). 3. Subst. - ῖτις f. `protectress of σ.', surname of Artemis (Orph.; Redard 212); - εύς m. = σκύλαξ (Opp.; rather metr. enlargement than bakformation from - εύω; cf. Bosshardt 71 and Kretschmer Glotta 11, 228). 4. Adj. - ειος `of σ.' (Hp., S. E.; Schmid - εος u. - ειος 51); - ώδης 'σ.-like' (X.); - ευτικός `belonging to σ.' (Ph.; analog. enlargement). 5. Verb - εύω of dogs act. `to mate, to copulate' (X., Arr.), pass. `to be raised' (Str., Max. Tyr.) with - εία f. `dog-breeding' (Plu., Poll.), - ευμα n. `offspring' (Epigr. ap. Plu., AP), - ευτής m. `dogbreeder' (Him.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: A word of the very large group of familiar and technical words in - αξ (cf. esp. μεῖραξ, δέλφαξ, πόρταξ etc., Chantraine Form. 377 ff.), σκύλαξ belongs first to σκύλ-ιον n. name of a shark (Arist.) and to σκύλλα fishname (Nic. Fr. 137 Schn.); s. Solmsen Wortforsch. 20 n. 1 (p. 21); to this, also w. expressive gemination, σκύλ(λ)ος = σκύλαξ, κύων (EM, H.) with σκυλλίς κληματίς H. (Strömberg Pfl.namen 31) and κύλλα σκύλαξ ( κύλλας κύλαξ cod.). Ήλεῖοι H. -- Without certain non-Greek cognates. Nearest comes Arm. c'ul, gen. c'l-u `joung bull' (Meillet BSL 26, 20f.), IE * skul- or * skōl-. Diff. Persson BB 19, 275 ff. with Prellwitz: to Lith. skalȉkas `barking hound' (: skãlyti `bark hunting') and kalė̃ `bitch' (s. also Fraenkel s. v.), to which after Persson also (quite improbable) from Germ. OWNo. skvaldra `talk loudly, boast' (Norw. also of dogs `bark loudly'), which however belongs first to OWNo. etc. skvala prop. `stream rustling' (from where `talk loudly'); s. WP. 1, 445 f. Still diff. Schwyzer KZ 37, 150 (to σκύζουσιν H.; s. σκυδμαίνω) and Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 277 (s. Bq). -- Acc. to old assumption here also Σκύλλη, Att. Σκύλλα ("the bitch") name of the well-known sea-monster (Od.); s. Güntert Kalypso 176 w. n. 7; acc. to others to σκύλλω (Joh. Schmidt P.-W. II: 3, 658; against this Güntert l.c.). -- Cf. σκύμνος. -- The word could well be Pre-Greek.

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