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61 πινυτός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `intelligent, sensible, reaonable, prudent, rational' (Od.).Other forms: Variant forms are πνυτός ἔμφρων, σώφρων H., often in Cypr. PN, e.g. Πνυτ-αγόρας (Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 7, 238ff.).Derivatives: - ύσσω (late epic) from * pinut-y-, aor. ind. ἐπίνυσσεν Ξ 249), ptc. pass. πινυσθείς (Pythag.) `to make deliberate, to warn to be clear-minded' with πινυ-τή f. `prudence, reason' (Η 289, υ 71 a. 228, Hp. Ep.), with - τότης f. (Eust.); besides - τάς, - τᾶτος f. (Dor., AP), after ταχυ-τής a. o. (Schwyzer 529 n. 1); πίνυσις σύνεσις, πινυμένην συνετήν H. Also ἀπινύσσω `to be thoughtless, rash' (Ο 10, ε 342 = ζ 258), = ἀπινυτέω (Apollon. Lex.), from *ἀ-πίνυτος; adv. ἀπινύτως H. s. ἀπινύσσων. Beside it pres. πινύσκω, - ομαι (Simon., A., Call., Orph.); this will be *πινυτ-σκ-.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The relation between the relevant forms is not satisfactorily explained. If one may derive πινυ-τή as abstractformation from *πενυ-τή with transition of ε to ι (Schulze Q. 323 n. 3), πενυ- could be taken as a disyllabic ablaut grade of πνεϜ-, beside the monosyllabic πνῡ- (with long vowel) in πέ-πνῡ-μαι (Frisk Eranos 43, 215 ff.). Assuming a dissimilation πι- from πυ- or a basic form *πε-νε-υ-μι (Nehring ClassPhil. 42, 108 ff.) one connected since Fick 2, 152 Lat. pŭ-tāre, OCS py-tati `scrutari' (also with νήπιος, νηπύτιος). One connects πέπνυμαι with πνέω, s.v. w. further analysis. Details w. lit. in Frisk l.c.; older etymology, to be rejected, in Bq s. πινυτός. - However, a form penu- posited as a root variant, is improbable and not attested; also a root ending in two semivowels is not permitted; also the transition ε \> ι is not explained. So the form πινυτός cannot be explained from IE. Also the variation πινυτός\/ πνυτο- cannot be explained. But a variation ι\/zero is known from Pre-Greek: it indicated a palatalized consonant, so pnyut-; the palatalisation could also be ignored, which gave πνυτο-; cf. Beekes, Evidence an Counterevidence, FS Kortlandt. So the words are Pre-Greek and have nothing to do with πνέω.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πινυτός
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62 ποικίλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `varicoloured, wrought in many colours (stitched, knitted, woven), manifold, versatile, cunning' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. pokironuka n. pl. `with many coloured onukes'.Compounds: Many compp., e.g. ποικιλό-θρονος (s. θρόνα and Bolling AmJPh 79, 275ff.), πολυ-ποίκιλος `much variegated' (E.; cf. below).Derivatives: 1. ποικιλ-ία f. `variegation, diversity, embroidering' (IA.); 2. - ίας m. fishname (Paus.; Strömberg Fischn. 25, Thompson Fishes s. v.), - ίς f. name of a bird that eats the lark's eggs (Arist.; Thompson Birds s. v.); 3. - εύς m. `broiderer, stitcher' (Alex. Com.). 4. Denominat.: a. - ίλλω, also w. δια-, κατα- a.o., `to make varicoloured, to work artfully etc.' with - ιλμα n. `varicoloured work, stitching, weave' (Il.; Wace AmJArch 1948, 51 f., 452; Porzig Satzinhalte 188), - ιλμός m. `elaboration, decoration' (Epicur., Plu.), - ιλσις f. `id.' (Pl.); - ιλτής m. `broiderer, stitcher' (Aeschin., Arist.), f. - ίλτρια (Str.), - ιλτικός `belonging to stitching' (LXX etc.); b. - ιλόω `to stitch' (A. Fr. 304 = 609 Mette); c. - ιλεύομαι `to be artful, versatile' (Vett. Val.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [794] *peiḱ- `stitch, paint'Etymology: Formation like κό-ϊλος (: κόοι), ναυτ-ίλος (: ναύτης), ὀργ-ίλος (: ὀργή) etc.; like the two lastmentioned with secondary paroxytonesis (Schwyzer 379 a. 484f.); so from a noun of unknown stem (cf. Schwyzer 484 n. 5, also Specht Ursprung 121). To a basic word *ποῖκος agree several words of other languages: Skt. péśa- m. `ornament' (with peśalá- `ornamented, beautiful': ποικίλος), Av. paēsa- m. `leprosy', also `ornament' in zaranyō-paēsa-'with golden ornament' a.o., Lith. paĩšas m. `smut, dustspot'. With this formally identical a Germ. adj. for `motley', e.g. OHG OS fēh, Goth. filu-faihs `πολυποίκιλος'; prob. through secondary adjectivising like Av. paēsa- which also means `leprous'. The morphological identity of Goth. filu-faihs and Skt. puru-péśa- is accidental; the supposition (Porzig Gliederung 136), πολυ-ποίκιλος would be a cross of ποικίλος and *πολύ-ποικος (= puru-péśa-), is to be rejected, as the relatively late Gr. word may have been built after πολυ-δαίδαλος, which, orig. prob. a bahuvrihi, was reinterpreted as `very artfull' (s. δαίδαλος). -- IE *póiḱos m. belongs as nomen actionis to a verb `cut, stitch, scratch in, paint etc.' in Skt. piṃśáti `carve, cut, ornament', Slav., e.g. OCS pьsati `write' a. o.; IE *piḱ-; besides with final voiced cons. a.o. Lat. pingō `stitch with a needle, paint'. An old r-deriv. of the same verb is πικρός prop. `cutting in, stitching' (s. v.). Quite uncertain is the H.-gloss πεικόν πικρόν, πευκεδανόν; if correct, in formation comparable with λευκός. -- Further forms w. lit. in Bq (esp. on the meaning), WP. 2, 9f., Pok. 794f., W.-Hofmann s. pingō (very rich), Fraenkel s. paĩšas and piẽšti, Vasmer s. pisátь, Mayrhofer s. péśaḥ. -- (Quite uncertain πίγγαλος.)Page in Frisk: 2,572-573Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποικίλος
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63 πρώην
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `lately, the day before yesterday' (Il.).Other forms: πρῴην (Il.), πρῶν (Call. fr., Herod.), Dor. πρώαν, πρόαν, πρᾶν (Theoc.; on the phonetics Schwyzer 250)Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in πρῳηρότης m. `early plougher' (Hes.; like ὀψ-αρότης; s. ὀψέ); often in Thphr., e.g. πρωΐ-καρπος `with early fruit', comp. πρωϊκαρπό-τερος (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 162 f.).Derivatives: Besides πρωί̄ (Il.), Att. πρῴ (πρῳ̃, πρῶϊ) `early, in the morning'. -- Comp. forms: πρωΐ- ( πρῴ-)τερος, - τατος, usu. (after παλαί-τερος a.o.), - αίτερος, - αίτατος (IA.). Other derivv.: πρώϊος, πρῳ̃ος `at an early time' (Ο 470), πρωΐα f. `early time, morning' (Aristeas, NT; after ὀψία); for it youngatt. πρώ-ϊμος (X., Arist., pap. a. inscr.; Arbenz 76: ὄψιμος; also πρό-ϊμος after πρό); hell. -ϊνός (Chantraine Form. 200f.); πρωϊζά Adv. `the day before yesterday' (Β 303, to πρώην after χθιζά), `very early' (Theoc. 18, 9; to πρωΐ); πρωΐθεν `from early in the morning' (LXX).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] *prō `early, in the morning'Etymology: Both πρώην and πρωΐ presuppose an adv. *πρώ, which agrees with OHG fruo `early in the morning' and is confirmed by Skt. prā-tár `early, in the morning'. Formally identical also Lat. prō `for, before', Av. frā `forward, in front' beside fra = πρό (s.v.). -- As example of πρώην, -ᾱν may have served frozen acc. like δήν, δά̄ν, πλήν, πλά̄ν, ἀκμήν, unless one sees in these an old adj. in fem. acc.; πρῴην after πρῴ. Thus πρω-ΐ after locatives like ἦρι, πέρυσι, ἀντί; basic forms as *πρωϜαν, *πρωϜιαν, *πρωϜι (thus still Mezger Word 2, 231) are unnecessary and cannot be subtsantiated. To πρωΐ the adjective πρώϊ-ος (= OHG fruoi ' früh'; so fruo = πρωΐ?), which, taken as πρώ-ϊος, induced πρώ-ϊμος, - ινός (s. ab.). -- Further details in Schwyzer 621 f. and 461; older lit. in Bq and WP. 2, 36 (Pok. 814).Page in Frisk: 2,607-608Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρώην
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64 *ῥατάνη
*ῥατάνηGrammatical information: f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Instrument-name in - άνη like πατ-, δρεπ-, οὑρ-άνη a.o., either from a zero grade verb (e.g. aor. *Ϝρατ-εῖν) or from a noun (e.g. *Ϝρατ-η). An enlarged verb-form is perh. found in βρατάνει ῥαΐζει ἀπὸ νόσου. Ήλεῖοι H., prop. "turns (himself) (to better)"; cf. e.g. βλαστ-άνω: βλαστ-εῖν, αἰσθ-άνομαι: αἰσθ-έσθαι (slightly diff. Schwyzer 700 n. 3). From a noun stemms ἄ-ρρατ-ος (like ἄ-μαχ-ος: μάχη a.o.); s. v. -- Beside it with ρ-suffix (- άριον?) and Aeol. ρο = ρα: ῥοταρία (- άρια?) τορύνιον H.; Bechtel Dial. 2, 864. -- The basic verb is well known from many languages, e.g. Skt. vártate, Lat. vertō `turn (himself)', Germ., e.g. Goth. wairÞan ' werden'. Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 274f., Pok. 1156ff., W.-Hofmann s. vertō. Older lit. also in Bq. -- The variants βρατ-\/ βροτ-, and the suffix - αν-, rather point to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,644-645Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > *ῥατάνη
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65 ῥέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to decline, to descend', esp. of the balance (scales), `to sway down, to turn out, to gain the upper hand', w. prefix also trans. `to lower, to let tilt' (Il.).Derivatives: 1. ῥοπή f. `lowering, tilting (of the scales), swing' (Alc., IA.), to which a.o. ἀντί-ρροπος `equipoising, counterweighing', also connected with ῥέπω (Att.), with ἀντιρροπ-ίη (v. l. -ή) f. `counterweight' (Hp.). 2. περί-ρρεψις f. `tilting' (Hp.). 3. ῥόπαλον n. `bludgeon, mace' (Il.) [but Chantraine, Form. 246 calls connection with ῥέπω doubtful; I think that the word is rather Pre-Greek]with ῥοπάλ-ιον n. (hell. inscr. a. pap.), - ωτός `equipped with a club-like rounding' (D. C.), - ώδης `(pulsing) like a club', of the pulse, - ωσις f. des. of a hairdisease (medic.), - ικός `club-like', as des. of a verse (gramm.), - ίζει στρέφει, κινεῖ ὡς ῥόπαλον H. with - ισμοί pl. (Ar. Lys.); on the meaning of ῥόπαλον cf. below. 4. ῥόπτρον n. `the wood in a trap, knocker, ring at the door, tamboutine' (Archil., Att.); with dissim. ῥόπτον meaning unclear (Epid. IVa), - τίον κλειδίον H. 5. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα-ρρεπής `tilting etc.' (IA.), ἑτερο-ρρεπής prop. "tilting to (one or) the other side", `indecisive, unbiased' (A. in lyr., Hp.). 6. ῥεπτικός `tilting' ( Stoik.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the full grade root-present ῥέπω one assumes as zero grade ῥάπτω, ῥαπίζω (IE *u̯rep-: u̯r̥p-?), also with lengthened grade ῥώψ, but see s.v. As the main semantic denominator one posits `turn (together), wind, bend', but it is impossible to indicate in every case the connections. For ῥέπω one would like to assume a meaning `bow (away) from the straight position, divert', first of the scales. A basic meaning `turn', from where `throw' (cf. Lat. torqueō `turn, throw') one wanted to find in ῥόπαλον, ῥόπτρον (cf. WP. 1, 276 with Curtius a.o.); for the in that case to be assumed meaning `throwing stick' (cf. καλαῦροψ) there is however not the slightest indication. A direct connection with ῥαπίζω, ῥαπίς (prop. `rod, staff'; Persson Beitr. 1, 499) lies formally farther than direct connection with ῥέπω, ῥοπή. So ῥόπαλον prop. "the (for the blow) lowered, falling down (club)" like ῥόπτρον of the wood falling down ? Cf. ξύλον καθῆκε (E. HF 993) of the on the head of a boy downcoming club of Heracles. -- Cf. ῥέμβομαι w. references.Page in Frisk: 2,649-650Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέπω
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66 ῥίπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to throw, to hurl, to thrust, to bolt' (Pi., IA.).Other forms: also ῥιπτέω (IA. since ν 78), iterative pret. ῥίπτασκον (Hom., Hes. Sc., - εσκον Nic. Fr.), fut. ῥίψω, aor. ῥῖψαι (Il.), pass. ῥιφθῆναι, ῥῐφῆναι (Att.) with fut. ῥιφ-θήσομαι (S.), - ήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. ἔρρῑμμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., E., Ar.), ῥερῖφθαι (Pi.; Schwyzer 649), act. ἔρρῑφα (Lys.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἁπο-, ἀνα-, ἐν-, δια-. As 1. member e.g. in ῥίψ-ασπις, - ιδος `throwing the shield away, coward' (Ar., Pl.), - άσπιδος `id.' (Eup.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 93.Derivatives: 1. ῥῑπή f. `throw, thrust, gust of wind, sway, press, heavy movement' (ep. Il.) with ῥιπίζω ( δια-, ἐκ- a.o.) `to cause a gust of wind, to kindle, to fan' (Hp., Ar., Arist.), `to hurl' (Hld.), from which ῥίπ-ισις, - ισμός, - ισμα `fanning' (late); from ῥιπή or as backformation ῥιπίς, - ίδος f. `fanner' (com., AP); on εὔ-ρῑπος s. v.; 2. ῥῖψις ( διά-, ἀπό- a.o.) f. `throwing, hurling' (Hp., Att., Arist.) with ( ἀπο-)ῥίψιμος `apt for throwing away' (late; Arbenz 92); also Ϝριψίδας (Mantinea; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5,265); 3. ( δια-)ῥίμματα n. pl. `heavy movements, bolts' (Arion, X.); 4. ῥῐφή ( δια-, ἀπο-) f. `cast, throwing back and forth' (Pratin. Lyr., Lyc.; after ῥῐφῆναι); 5. ῥιπτός `cast, thrown' (S. Tr.), μητρό- ῥίπτω (Dosiad.); 6. ῥιπτικός `able for throwing' (Arist.-comm.); 7. frequent. ῥιπτάζω, - άσαι `to thrust back and forth' (ep. Ξ 257) with - ασμός (Hp., Plu.), - αστικός (M. Ant.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The regular character of the formal system, which is built on an element Ϝρῑπ- (wit secondary shortening Ϝρῐπ-), shows that it is a (relatively) late creation. No convincing agreement outside Greek. The formally agreeing MLG wrīven `rub, wipe, scour, draw', MHG rīben `turn rubbing ' could be connected if we assume a basic meaning `turn' ("rub, throw with a turning movement"; cf. with the last Lat. torqueō); WP. 1, 280, Pok. 1159. A further analysis in u̯r-ī-p- "opens wide perspectives"; NHG werfen (prop. *'turn')not to ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι, ῥάβδος)} s. vv.) etc. S. also ῥίψ. -- An IE *u̯r-iH-p- seems not a very probable structure; is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,658-659Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίπτω
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67 ῥίψ
ῥίψ, ῥῑπόςGrammatical information: f.,Meaning: `willow rod, wickerwork, wattled mat, wattle' (Od., Hdt., Ar.).Other forms: later also m., also ῥῖπος f. (v. l. Hdt. 2, 96, Cyrene IVa), m. (hell. a. late).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No agreement outside Greek. Since long (Persson Stud. 165) connected with ῥίπτω: basic meaning of the verb `turn, wind', from where on the one hand `twine' with the root noun `wickerwork', on the other `throw'. In the same way Germ., e.g. Got. wairpan 'throw' to Lith. vir̃bas `twig, rod'. -- Cf. ῥίπτω (with which it cannot be cognate).Page in Frisk: 2,659-660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίψ
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68 ῥῑπός
ῥίψ, ῥῑπόςGrammatical information: f.,Meaning: `willow rod, wickerwork, wattled mat, wattle' (Od., Hdt., Ar.).Other forms: later also m., also ῥῖπος f. (v. l. Hdt. 2, 96, Cyrene IVa), m. (hell. a. late).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No agreement outside Greek. Since long (Persson Stud. 165) connected with ῥίπτω: basic meaning of the verb `turn, wind', from where on the one hand `twine' with the root noun `wickerwork', on the other `throw'. In the same way Germ., e.g. Got. wairpan 'throw' to Lith. vir̃bas `twig, rod'. -- Cf. ῥίπτω (with which it cannot be cognate).Page in Frisk: 2,659-660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥῑπός
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69 ῥόα
ῥόα ( ῥοά Hdn. Gr.)Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `pomegranate', tree and fruit (Od.).Derivatives: ῥοΐδιον n. `little pomegranate' (Men., pap. IIp), ῥοΐδια (cod. ῥυδία) ῥοὰ η ῥοιά H.; ῥοιάς, - άδος f. `poppy, papaver' (Dsc.); after the flowers, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 52; ῥοών, - ῶνος m. `pomegranate plantation' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With ῥοιή: ῥοιά: ῥόα cf. χροιή: - οιά: - όα. If not a LW [loanword] (Schwyzer 348 a. 469), perh. with Strömberg l.c. to ῥέω because of the richness of saps. Basic form perh. *ῥοϜ-ιά, so ιᾱ-deriv. from ῥοῦς `stream'; cf. σκοπ-ιά (: σκοπός), ἐσχατ-ιά (: ἔσχατος) etc. The suffix can be related to the concrete meaning. -- On the plantnames ῥοῦς m. `sumach' and ῥύτρος s.v.; they do not belong το ῥέω (Strömberg l.c.). -- The word can be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόα
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70 ῥοά
ῥόα ( ῥοά Hdn. Gr.)Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `pomegranate', tree and fruit (Od.).Derivatives: ῥοΐδιον n. `little pomegranate' (Men., pap. IIp), ῥοΐδια (cod. ῥυδία) ῥοὰ η ῥοιά H.; ῥοιάς, - άδος f. `poppy, papaver' (Dsc.); after the flowers, s. Strömberg Pfl.namen 52; ῥοών, - ῶνος m. `pomegranate plantation' (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: With ῥοιή: ῥοιά: ῥόα cf. χροιή: - οιά: - όα. If not a LW [loanword] (Schwyzer 348 a. 469), perh. with Strömberg l.c. to ῥέω because of the richness of saps. Basic form perh. *ῥοϜ-ιά, so ιᾱ-deriv. from ῥοῦς `stream'; cf. σκοπ-ιά (: σκοπός), ἐσχατ-ιά (: ἔσχατος) etc. The suffix can be related to the concrete meaning. -- On the plantnames ῥοῦς m. `sumach' and ῥύτρος s.v.; they do not belong το ῥέω (Strömberg l.c.). -- The word can be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥοά
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71 ῥοῖβδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `buzzing, whistling, hissing noise', of arrows, winds (S., Ar.).Derivatives: Beside it (cf. Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5) ῥοιβδέω, also w. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, `to buzz, etc.', also `to make buzz' (A., Q. S., AP), w. prefix also of birds `to squawk, to caw' (S., Thphr., Nonn.); from this ῥοίβδ-ημα n. = ῥοῖβδος (S.), - ησις f. `whistling' (E. in lyr.); - ηδόν `with a hissing noise' (Q. S.; also with ῥοῖβδος connected); ἐπιρροίβδην (for - βδ-δην) `in a rushing attack' (E. in troch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Expressive and poetic onomatop., in suffix agreeing with κέλαδος, ἄραδος and other sound-words; for - β- cf. φλοῖσβος, ὄτοβος a.o.; positing an IE gʷ (Bq) is hardly recommendable. Further hypotheses on the basic form by Haas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 132 f. -- Cf. ῥοῖζος, also ῥυβδέω. -- So the word is prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,661-662Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥοῖβδος
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72 ῥοῖζος
Grammatical information: m. (f. ι 315; cf. Schw.-Debrunner 34 n. 1).Meaning: `buzzing, rushing, humming', of arrows, wings, water etc. (ep. Π 361, hell.).Compounds: As 2. member a.o. in ἁλί-ρροιζος `roared around by the sea' (Nonn.).Derivatives: 1. adj. ῥοιζ-ώδης (medic.), - ήεις (hell. inscr., Nonn.), - αῖος ( Orac. Chald.) `buzzing, rushing, humming etc.'; 2. adv. - ηδόν (Nic., Lyc., 2. Ep. Pet.), - ηδά (Nic.) `with rushing, with humming'; 3. verb ῥοιζέω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀνα- a.o., `to buzz, to hum, to hiss, to rush', also trans. `to make buzz etc.' (ep. Κ 502, hell.) with ῥοίζ-ημα n. (Ar.), - ησις f. (Aq.) `buzz, buzzing', - ήτωρ m. `noisemaker' (Orph.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Like ῥοῖβδος expressive onomatop.; without connection. Uncertain suppositions on the basic form in the lit. on ῥοῖβδος; s. also Risch $ 64 a.Page in Frisk: 2,662Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥοῖζος
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73 ῥόμος
Grammatical information: ?Meaning: σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H. (Arc.).Other forms: (cod. - οξ, prob. after the foll. word).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If dial., ῥόμος may stand for *ῥάμος from PGr. *Ϝράμος, identical with Lat. vermis, Germ., e.g. Goth. waurms `worm', ORuss. vermie `locust, worms' except for the ending (IE *u̯r̥m-); another form of the zero grade is seen in Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος. If old, *Ϝρόμος stands beside Lith. var̃mas `gnat' (IE *u̯or-m-; can also explain Lat. vermis) with metathesis of the ο-vowel (by Specht Ursprung 45 not convincing explained as "Sprachzauber"). - Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 271, Pok. 1152, W.-Hofmann s. vermis, Fraenkel s. var̃mas ; on the basic u̯er- `turn, bend' s. also ῥέμβομαι. Cf. also ἕλμις. -- Both assumptions seem not very probable.Page in Frisk: 2,662Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόμος
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74 σιᾱγών
σιᾱγώνGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `jawbone, jaw, cheek' (Hp., Att., Arist., LXX, NT); - όνιον n. `region of the jaw, cheek piece' (Hp., LXX, Ath. Mech.); - ονίτης μῦς `jaw muscle' (Alex. Trall. a. o.; Redard 101).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular word beside the much more usu. γνάθος. By Fick BB 26, 115, semant. attractive, connected with ψίομαι `chew', which supposed a transition ψ- \> σ- (sporad. instances in Schwyzer 329). On the formation nothing certain can be said (cf. ψιάζω, ψίακα ψακάδα H.?); ending as in λαγών, κενεών, πυγών, ἀγκών and other names of bodyparts. -- I proposed a Pre-Greek origin *syāg- giving σιαγ- (FS Kortlandt); an IE basic form is hardly possible.Page in Frisk: 2,699Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σιᾱγών
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75 σκάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to limp' (ep. [poet.] Il., also Hdt., LXX).Derivatives: σκασμός m. `the limping' (Aq.).Etymology: Since Fick BB 6, 214 connected with Skt. khañjati `limp' (MInd. for *skañj-?; s. Mayrhofer w. lit.) and with Germ., Dan. skank `limping, esp. of horses', OWNo. skakkr `slanting' (PGm. * skanka-). Besides without s- and with orig. e-vowel Germ., e.g. OHG hinkan `limp'. As the absence of palatalition in Skt. khañj-, if for *skañj-, prob. points to a, for σκάζω beside the gener. assumed basic form skn̥g-i̯ō also *skang-i̯ō is a possibility. An IE a-vowel would not surprise in this popular word. Germ. hinkan, which also deviates in anlaut, wouls then be unorig.; s. on this Sommer Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 425 ff., where for the whole group, which has richly developed in Germ. (Sommer l.c., WP. 2, 564f., Pok. 930), nominal origin, esp. a body-part name ('shank' v. t.), is rightly considered. -- Cf. σκαμβός.Page in Frisk: 2,714Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκάζω
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76 σκίρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: des. of a white parasol or canopy, which was carried at processions from the aropolis to a place called Σκῖρον ( Σκίρον) (later suburb of Athens) on the holy road to Eleusis in honour of Athena (Skiras) and other goddesses and gods (Lysimachid., sch. Ar. Ec. 18); pl. Σκίρα name of a women's feast in honour of Demeter, Core and Athena Polias (Ar., inscr. a. o.).Compounds: As 1. in Σκιρο-φόρια n. pl. `id.' (H., Phot., Suid.); from this Σκιροφοριών, - ῶνος m. Att. month-name (Juni-Juli; Antipho, inscr. etc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. Since long (s. Curtius 168) connected with σκιά, semant. or course unproblematic. It must be then a very old, from σκιά independent formation, which formally agrees with Alb. hir `grace of God' (Jokl Untersuchungen 67 after Bugge) and except for the vowel-length with a Germ. adj. for `clear, gleaming, bright', e.g. Goth. skeirs, OWNo. skīrr, NHG schier (to this further with other suffixes NHG Schemen `silhouette', MHG scheim `gleam, shade', NHG scheinen etc. etc.), basic meaning `(subdued) shine, reflex' (WP. 2, 535f., Pok. 917f.); cf. on σκιά. -- The interpretation of σκίρον as `parasol' is however by Deubner Att. Feste 40ff. rejected as a late learned construction. He sees in the σκίρα (orig. meaning unknown) different objects (pigs, representations of phalluses etc.), which at the relevant feast were thrown as sacrificial gifts in subterranean caverns, the soc. μέγαρα, and later at the Thesmophoria were brought up again (s. also Nilsson Gr. Rel. 12, 119 a. 469); a in several respects doubtful hypothesis.Page in Frisk: 2,734Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκίρον
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77 σκυδμαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Compounds: ἀπο- σκυδμαίνω (Σ 65).Derivatives: Besides σκύζομαι, also w. ἐπι-, (Hom.), aor. opt. ἐπισκύσσαιτο (η 306), ind. ἐπισκύσαι (EM) `id.'; act. σκύζουσιν ἡσυχῆ ὑποφθέγγονται, ὥσπερ κύνες H.; σκυζάω `id.' (Poll.). Also PN Σκύδρος (Delos IVa)?; cf. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 501. -- With θρο- or ρο-suffix σκυθρός `grumpy, murky, gloomy' (Men., Arat.) with σκυθρ-άζω `to be grumpy, murky' (E. El. 830), - ίων m. PN (Tanagra IVa); on σκύθραξ μεῖραξ, ἔφηβος H. s. σκυρθάλιος. Mostly in σκυθρ-ωπός `with a gloomy look' (Hp., Att.; cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 7 a. 9) with - ωπότης f. (Hp.), - ωπάζω `to look gloomy etc.', - ωπασμός f. (Plu.). As in ἐριδμαίνω beside ἐρίζω σκυδμαίνω beside σκύζομαι has its - μ- from πημαίνω, θερμαίνω etc. Thus beside σκυδ-: σκυζ- may have been built after ἐριδ-: ἐριζ-. In this way there is for σκυθρός no basis for a basic *σκυδ-θρος (from where *σκυσ-θρός and with dissim. σκυθρός; Schwyzer KZ 37, 149f.).Etymology: Without certain etymology. After tradit. interpretation since Bezzenberger-Fick BB 6, 240 to Lith. (pra-)skundù, -skudaũ, -skùsti `become nervous, tired, begin to feel pain', Latv. skundêt `grumble, commiserate (oneself), blame, gradge' etc. (WP. 2, 554, Pok. 955). The Lith. accent points to dʰ (wrong Pok.).Page in Frisk: 2,740-741Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκυδμαίνω
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78 σμί̄λη
σμί̄ληGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `knife, woodcarving knife, scalpel, chisel', instrument for artisan, physicians, image-sculptor etc. (in. Att.).Other forms: -ᾰ AP; -ή Hdn. Gr.Compounds: As 1st element in σμιλι-γλύφοι ( τέχναι) `working with chisels, sculptural' ( Epigr. Galatia); on the compositional -ι Schwyzer 448, which is rightly rejected by Chantr.Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σμιλ-ίον n. with - ιωτός, - άριον n. (late medic.); 2. - ινος `acting as a knife' (late medic.); 3. ἀπο-, δια-σμιλεύω `to smooth with a chisel, to plane' (late) with σμίλ-ευμα n. `chipping' (Ar.), - ευτός (AP), - ευσις, - εία f. (Hdn. Epim.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Instrument name in - λη like μήλη, χηλή, τρώγλη a. o; but this is rather doubtful, cf. Form. 240. No directe connection outside Greek. A basic primary verb is also supposed for the Germ. word for `carpenter, smith' in OWNo. smið, OE smiÞ (\> NEng. smith), OHG. smid, PGm. * smiÞu-, * smiðu-, IE. * smi-tu. Beside it with transition in th n-stems the Goth. comp. aiza-smiÞa `ore-smiih, χαλκεύς'. The length in σμί̄λη is not based on a longdiphthongal * smēi-: * smī-, but may have been introduced secondarily after the model of the nouns in -ῑλη, -ῑλο-. So the etymology remains doubtful; the word may be Pr-Greek. -- WP. 2, 686 and Pok. 968 (after Persson Stud. 119, Brugmann IF 6, 93) w. lit. and further, hypothetical combinations. Cf. σμινύη, σμίνθος; also μικρός.Page in Frisk: 2,750Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμί̄λη
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79 σπάρτον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `rope, cable, cord, string', also `plumbline' (Β 135); σπάρτος m. f. (rare σπάρτη, - τον) also name of a shrub used for snares `Spartium junceum, kind of broom' (Pl., X. etc.);Other forms: also σπάρτη f. (Ar. Av. 815 [wordplay with Σπάρτη], unclear Cratin. 110), σπάρτος f. (Hero).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σπαρτό-δετος `bound with σ.' (Opp.), λινό-σπαρτον n. plantname = σπάρτος (Thphr.; cf. Risch IF 59, 257).Derivatives: σπαρτ-ίον n. dimin., also as plantname (Att., hell.), - ινος `made of σ.' (Cratin., Poll.), - ίνη f. `rope, cable' (Ael.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As to the form, verbal noun in - το-; because of the probable zero grade rather substant. adj. than abstract formation. The basic verb, however, is not found, but seems to be presupposed both by the γ-enlargement *σπάργω, σπάρξαι `envelop' and by σπεῖρα, σπυρίς (?). The other languages do not provide help. On OLith. spartas (formally = IE * sportos), since Fick and Curtius 503 connected with it, s. Fraenkel s.v. w. lit. (not convincing); Arm. p`arem, p'arim `enclose, embrace' (Scheftelowitz BB 29, 36) gives phonetical difficulties (p' not from IE sp-). -- Lat. LW [loanword] spartum `(Gm.) Pfriemengras' (s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).Page in Frisk: 2,758-759Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπάρτον
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80 σπλήν
σπλήν, σπληνόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `spleen' (IA), metaph. `compress' (Hp.; cf. - ίον), αἰγὸς σπλήν as plantname `mallow, cheeseweed' (Ps.-Dsc.).Compounds: As 2. member a. o. in ἄ-σπλην-ον n., - ος m. `miltwaste' (Dsc. a. o., because of its medic. effect against spleen; Strömberg Pfl. 86, where ἀ- is wrongy interpreted as prothetic, cf. Vitr. I 4, 10).Derivatives: 1. σπλην-ίον n., - ίσκον n., - ίσκος m., - άριον n. `compress' (Hp., Dsc., Samos IVa); - ίον also as name of several plants (Dsc.; cf. ἄσπληνον ab.). 2. - ίτης, f. - ῖτις `belonging to the spleen, disease of the spleen' (Medic.; Redard 104 a. 102 f.). 3. - ικός `belonging to the spleen, splenetic' (Hp., hell. com. etc.), - ώδης `id.' (Hp.). 4. - ιάω `to be splenetic' (Arist. a. o.). -- Beside it σπλάγχνα n. pl. `interior organs (heart, liver, lungs, kidneys), intestines' (Il.), rarely and second. sg. as des. of individual organs (A., Pl., Arist.), metaph. (pl. a. sg.) "heart" = `mental state' (trag.), `compassion, commiseration, charity' (LXX, NT; coloured by Semitic). As 1. member a. o. in σπλαγχνο-φάγος `eating intestines' (LXX a.o.); often as 2. member, e.g. εὔ-σπλαγχνος `having healthy intestines' (Hp.), `compassionate' (LXX, NT). From it 1. σπλαγχν-ίδια n. pl. dimin. (Diph.). 2. - ίδης ( UPZ 89, 3 a. 13) form a. meaning doubted; cf. Wilcken ad loc. 3. - ικός `belonging to σ.' (Dsc., pap.). 4. - ίζομαι `to commiserate' (LXX, NT); - ίζω, - εύω `to consume intestines' (Cos IVa, LXX resp. Ar. a. o.) with - ισμός m. (LXX); - εύω, - εύομαι `to predict from intestines' (Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [987] *spl(ē)ngh- `spleen'Etymology: On the meaning of σπλήν and σπλάγχνα Egli Heteroklisie 44 ff. (not in all respects convincing); on Σπλήν as PN Bechtel Namenstud. 43 ff. With σπλήν cf. other names of body-parts as φρήν, ἀδήν, αὑχήν etc., which however all inflect with ablaut ( φρεν-ός etc. as against σπλην-ός). -- Several IE designtions of the spleen show in spite of great phonetic variation an clear similarity, which cannot be accidental. The basic word has because of association with other words, prob. also through taboo (Havers Sprachtabu 64, Specht Ursprung 77 n. 3) known strong changes. Thus Skt. plīhán- against Lat. liēn with common vocalization and stemformation but deviating anlaut; Av. spǝrǝzan-, also n-stem, but with zero grade (IE l̥) and initial sp-; the words mentioned have also IE ǵh before the suffix (Lat. liēn from * lihēn). Besides these, with stronger deviations, Arm. p'aycaɫn, OIr. selg, Lith. blužnìs, S.-CSl. slězena etc. -- As a reconstruction in detail is impossible, only suppositions are possible. We should start from *σπληχ-, *σπλαχ- (= Av. spǝrǝz-an-) with ν-stem as liēn etc. By anticipation of the nasal we get σπλα-γ-χ-ν-; further σπλήν haplological for *σπληχ-ήν (after monosyll. φρήν) or from *σπλη-γ-χ[ν]-? -- More w. lit. in WP. 2, 680, Pok. 987, W.-Hofmann s. liēn, Mayrhofer s. plīhā́, Vasmer s. selezënka. On σπλήν and σπλάγχνα also Egli l. c. and Schwyzer 489 w. n. 1. Older lit. also in Bq. -- Lat. LW [loanword] splēn (Engl. spleen etc.).Page in Frisk: 2,769-770Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπλήν
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