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1 πένομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to exert oneself, to toil, to work, to prepare, to provide' (Il.), `to exert onself, to (have to) do hard labour, to be poor, to lack smth.' (Sol., trag., Pl.).Other forms: only pres. a. ipf.Derivatives: 1. πενία, ion. - ίη f. `poverty, lack' (ξ 157; Scheller Oxytonierung 23 a. 39); 2. πενιχρ-ός `poor, devoid of smth.' (γ 348; cf. zu μελιχρός s. μέλι) with - ότης f. (S. E.). - αλέος `id.' (AP). 3. πένης, - ητος m. (f. πένησσα πτωχή H.) `who has to live from the labour of his hands, needy, poor' in opposition both to πλούσιος and to πτωχός = `begging, destitute' (IA.) with πενέσ-τερος, - τατος (X., D.); after ἀσθενέσ-τερος a.o.; not with Schwyzer 535 from *πενετ-τερος); from it πενητ-εύω `to be poor' (Emp.), - υλίδας m. "son of poverty" (Cerc.), from a hypocor. *Πενητ-ύλος (as Φειδ-ύλος, Πενθ-ύλος a.o.). -- 4. πόνος m. `(hard) labour, effort, struggle, sorrow, pain, fruit of the labour' (Il.; on the meaning Trümpy Fachausdrücke 148 ff.); also as 2. member, e.g. παυσί-πονος `ending pain' (E., Ar. in lyr.); but ματαιο-πόνος a.o. to πονέομαι, s. v. From it πον-ηρός `toilsome, useless, bad, evil' (IA.) with - ηρία, - ηρεύομαι, - ήρευμα; πονόεις `id.' (Man.). -- 5. Iterative deverbative πονέομαι, also w. ἀμφι-, δια- a.o. (Il., mostly in the older language), πονέω, also w. δια-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. (posthom.) `to exert oneself, to provide, to suffer', trans. `to cause pain'. As 2. member a.o. in ματαιο-πονέω `to labour in vain' (Democr.) with - πονία (Str.), - πόνημα (Iamb.), - πόνος (Plu., Gal.). From it πόν-ημα ( δια-) n. `labour, work' (Pl., E. u.a.), - ησις ( δια-, κατα-) f. `labour, effort' (Plu., D. L.); as backformation e.g. διάπον-ος `working hard, weary' (Plu.) from δια-πονέω. 6. Beside it πονάω only in ἐπονάθη (Pi.) and ἐπόνασαν (Theoc.); s. Schwyzer 719 w. n. 1.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. The primary present πένομαι, which was pushed back and replaced by its own iterative πονέομαι, - έω and by its synonyms, e.g. κάμνω, δέω, is in the epos used esp. of domestic labour (cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 15). The meaning `want, lack, be poor' (from where πενία and πενιχρός already since Od.) developed from there like Lat. laborare `exert oneself', also `be in need, be pressed' (unargumented doubt in WP. 2, 661). Unclear is however the earlier history of the meaning. Possible is, that πένομαι orig. indicated a certain kind of domesic labour and from there was generalized. One may compare in that case expressions for `stretch, twist, weave' in Lith. pìnti `twist', OCS pęti `stretch', Arm. hanum and henum `weave', further OHG etc. spin. As the basic meaning of this verb seems to have been `unharness', one may also from there through `harness oneself' come to `exert oneself' (cf. Arm. y-enum `stem or stut smthing with hands or shoulders'?). Thus (after Schleicher, Benfey, Fick; s. Curtius 271f.) Pedersen KZ 39, 414 and Persson Beitr. 1, 411 ff.; further combinations in WP. 2, 660ff., Pok. 988, W.-Hofmann s. pendeō. As however the semantic development can be interpreted in diff. ways, this etymology, though quite possible, cannot be proven. A loan is hard to envisage. -- On the meaning of πένητες and πλούσιοι and synonyms and of πενία and πλοῦτος s. J. Hemelrijk Πενία en Πλοῦτος. Diss. Utrecht 1925. Cf. πεῖνα und σπάνις.Page in Frisk: 2,504-506Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πένομαι
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2 στρογγύλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `round, spherical, compact' (IA.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. στρογγυλο-πρόσωπος `round-faced' (Arist., pap.), ὑπο-στρόγγυλος `somewhat rounded' (Thphr. a.o.).Derivatives: 1. στρογγυλ-ότης f. `roundness' (Pl., Arist.). 2. - ιον n. `round bottle' (pap. VIp). 3. - λω `to round (off)' with - μα n. (late). 4. - ίζω `id.' (D. H.) with - ισμα n. `terse expression' (Anon. Fig.). 5. - όομαι `to be or become round' (Plu. a.o.) with - ωσις f. (Hp., LXX a.o.), - ωμα n. (Al.). 6. - αίνω `to round' (Hippiatr.). 7. - εύματα H. s. γογγυλεύματα (: *-εύω) H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation as γογγ-ύλος, καμπ-ύλος, ἀγκ-ύλος a.o. Prop. *`drawn together, balled together, copast', to στράγξ a. cogn. (s. v.). Then στρογγύλος can be either an old full grade ο-ablaut as NHG Strang a.o. or have taken its - ο- secondarily from γογγύλος (Güntert Reimwortbild. 146 f.). Against the last supposition speaks however the wide spread of στρογγύλος. Diff. J. Schmidt KZ 32, 381: α \> ο because of the following υ (which is a rule of Pre-Greek!). -- A connection with στράγξ `squeezed out drop' is semant. far from evident to my mind (though στρογγ- may well continue * stragg- before υ).Page in Frisk: 2,810-811Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρογγύλος
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3 κηρύλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a bird, which was identified or compared with the kingfisher ἀλκυών (Alcm., Archil., Ar. Av. 299f. [here written κειρύλος as nickname referring to κείρειν], Arist.); see Thompson Birds s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation in - υλος (diminutive?), Chantraine Formation 249ff., Leumann Glotta 32, 217f.); from a basis κηρ-, or κηλ- (with dissimilation)? In the first case perh. with Prellwitz (Wb.2, BB 30, 176) to Skt. śārá- `motley', śārī̆- name of a bird; cf. Frisk Nom. 6 w. n. 4 (IE. *ḱēro-); in the latter case one connected κελαινός etc (s. v.), WP. 1, 420. One might follow Lagercrantz Sertum philol. C. F. Johansson oblatum (1910) 117ff. and connect *κηλ-ύλος with κήλων `breeding stallion'; cf. the description of the bird in H.: κηρύλος ἄρσην ὄρνις συνουσιαστικός. So no etym.Page in Frisk: 1,844-845Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρύλος
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4 μιστύλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cut up meat' (Il.); aor. μιστῦλαι, - ασθαι (Semon., Lyc., Nonn.); δια-μιστῦλαι (Hdt. 1, 132). backformation μίστυλλον `piece of meat' (Strato Com.).Derivatives: backformation μίστυλλον `piece of meat' (Strato Com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Seems as denominat. to go back on *μιστύλος `cut up, in pieces' ( στωμύλλω: - ύλος, καμ-πύλλω: - ύλος; cf. Debrunner IF 21, 98); as further basis one might best posit a noun *μιστο- v. t., which could stand for *μιτ-το- ( μιδ-το-, μιθ-το-) and which could be connected with some Germ. words for `hew, cut etc.', e.g. Goth. maitan, OWNo. meita (IE *d), OWNo. meiđa `injure the body, mutilate' (IE *t or *dh); further there is the in all respects suspected Skt. méthati `injure (?), which must be kept apart (Mayrhofer KEWA s.v.). Further, even more uncertain or wrong combinations in WP. 2, 222 f. (after Persson Stud. a.o.), Pok. 697. (Diff. Schwyzer Glotta 12, 8f.: *μίστυ-λος from *μιστύς \< *μυσ-τύς to Oberdt. Müsel, Musel f. ` log, chump, sawn off clump'.) -- Cf. μίτυλος. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,244-245Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιστύλλω
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5 πολύυλος
πολύ-ῡλος, ον,A abounding in forests, Gloss.2 abounding in materials, Poll.6.171;π. σῶμα
plethoric,Antyll.
ap. Orib.9.13.2, cf. Heliod.ib.46.20.7.3 consisting of many kinds of matter, opp. μονόϋλος, Zos.Alch.p.112B.; requiring abundance of materials, of a remedy, Afric. Cest.p.30 V.II Rhet., τὸ π. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Sch.Hermog. in Rh.4.63 W.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πολύυλος
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6 σπονδύλη
A v. σφονδ-.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > σπονδύλη
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7 στωμύλος
A wordy, talkative, Ar.Ach. 429, Pl.Erx. 397d, Theoc.5.79, etc.; τὰ σ. ταῦτα this nonsense, AP9.39 (Music.): in good sense, fluent, suave, σ. εὐτυχίη, of Menander, ib. 187; = lepidus, Gloss.: c.inf., ὁμιλῆσαι ς. Luc.Im.15; λαλῆσαι ς. Alciphr.3.65: so ἔχουσι τι ς. have a gossipy flavour, Demetr.Eloc. 151. Adv. [suff] στώμ-λως Poll.5.161: [comp] Comp.- ωτέρως Lyd.Mag.3.73
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στωμύλος
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8 ἀνομόϋλος
A differing in substance, Phlp.in de An.526.18.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνομόϋλος
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9 ἐπικαμπύλος
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπικαμπύλος
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10 ὀλιγόυλος
ὀλῐγό-ῡλος, ον,A containing little matter, Eust.1379.43.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀλιγόυλος
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11 γλαφυρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `hollow(ed)' (Il.), `polished, smooth, refined, elegant' (Ar.).Derivatives: γλαφυρότης `neatness, elegance' (Ph.) and γλαφυρία `id.' (Plu.). - Rare γλάφυ n. `hollow, cavern' (Hes. Op. 533) and γλάφω `hollow' (Hes. Sc. 431), also διαγλάψασα, late `engrave' ( ClassRev. 12, 282; Koptos IIp).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Dissimilated from - υλός (?) acc. to Leumann ( Glotta 32, 223 A. 2), from an u-stem ( λιγυρός: λιγύς)?. Perhaps γλάφυ is old and represents this u-stem; γλάφω, a ἅπ. λεγ. `hollow', can be secondary. Later the verb means (though not quite certainly) `engrave. It looks as a cross between γλύφω and γράφω. The development to `smooth' etc. is rather surprising. - Compare Slavic words for `hollow, gnaw', e.g. Sloven. glóbati. (But Russ. globá `cross-beam' does not fit in, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.). DELG thinks that υ stands for α (Lejeune, Phonétique 1969, 180, 315f.) or a dissimilation of *γλυφυ-. Doubtful.Page in Frisk: 1,311Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλαφυρός
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12 κάμπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bend, bow, curve' (Il., IA.).Other forms: fut. κάμψω, aor. κάμψαι, pass. καμφθῆναι (A., Th.; v. l. Ι 158), perf. pass. κεκάμφθαι (Hp.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συν-; as 1. member e. g. in καμψί-πους adjunct of Έρινύς (A. Th. 791 [lyr.]), meaning uncertain,Derivatives: Substant. 1. ( ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι-, συγ-)καμπή `bow, curvature' (IA.) with κάμπιμος `bent' (E. IT 81, verse end; after πομπή: πόμπιμος, s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 81); ἐπικάμπ-ιος `forming an ἐπικαμπή, bow, bend', milit. a. building techn. expression (Ph. Bel., Plb.). 2. ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐπι-, συγ- etc.) κάμψις `bow, curving' (IA.); s. Schwyzer 444 n. 11. 3. καμπτήρ, - ῆρος m. "bender, curver", as milit. and sport-term `bend, turning-point of the racing course' (X., Arist., Herod.) with καμπτήριος (sch.). 4. περικάμπτης `tergiversator' (gloss.). - Adject. 5. καμπύλος `bent, curved' (Il.; after ἀγκύλος, Chantraine Formation 250) with καμπύλη f. `crook' (Ar., Plu.), καμπουλίρ (= καμπυλίς) ἐλαίας εἶδος. Λάκωνες H., καμπυλότης `being curved' (Hp., Arist.), καμπύλλω `curve' (Hp.), also καμπυλεύομαι, καμπυλόομαι (medic.), καμπυλιάζω (Phot., Suid.); poet. lengthening καμπυλόεις (AP; Schwyzer 527). 6. ἐπι-, περι-καμπής `curved', from ἐπι-, περι-κάμπτω (vgl. Chantraine 426f., Strömberg Prefix Studies 101). 7. καμπτικός `flexible' (Arist., Poll.). 8. καμψόν καμπύλον H.; after γαμψός? (cf. Schwyzer 516, Chantraine 434, Stang Symb. Oslo. 23, 46ff.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: This root, which is well represented in Greek, has a verbal stem καμπ- without ablaut, with the primary verbal noun καμπ-ή (with καμπ-ύλος?) and κάμπ-τω with κάμψαι etc., and has in the other languages scattered nominal representatives, partly in metaph. meanings and therefore not always certain: Latv. kampis `curved wood, hook for a kettle', Lith. kam̃pas `corner, side, hidden place', also `curved wood at the collar (of a horse)', with which agree both Lat. campus `field' (prop. `(bow) Biegung, (lower field) Niederung'?) and a German. adj. `mutilated, lame', e. g. Goth. hamfs. "Beside it stands with final -b (cf. on σκαμβός) a Celtic adjective `curved', OIr. camm etc. (\< * cambo-; to which Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 3, 231 connects the brook- and place-name Kobenz \< * Kambantia); cf. further Campona GN in Pannonia). - Further there are in Baltic several words for `curved etc.' with u-vowel, Lith. kum̃pas `curved', Latv. kùmpt `become bent, verschrumpfen' a. o., which may have a reduced vowel-grade, but at the same time have a popular character and therefore can only be added here with reserve." The same applies perhaps even more to a few Skt. words: kumpa- `lame in the hand' (lex.) and, because of the meaning, Skt. kampate `tremble'; cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s.vv." More forms in Pok. 525, W.-Hofmann s. campus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kam̃pas. - From κάμψαι perh. Lat. campsāre `sail around, bend off' (Span. cansar etc., Rice Lang. 19, 154ff.); from καμπή Lat.-Rom. camba, gamba (see Fohalle Mélanges Vendryes 157ff., Kretschmer Glotta 16, 166f.) and Alb. kāmbë `leg, foot' (Mann Lang. 17, 19 and 26, 380); from καμπύλος Osman. kambur `hump, humpy' \> NGr. καβούρης (Maidhof Glotta 10, 10); in Byz. γαμματίζω = κάμπτω, - ομαι Amantos assumes (s. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 179) a noun *γάμμα, *κάμμα. - I have maintained here Frisk's discussion, as it shows clearly how unreliable the material is; it is rather from a substratum language. To this comes that IE would require a form * kh₂mp-, a type that is quite rare. The conclusion can only be that καμπ- is of Pre-Greek origin. - Cf. on γαμψός and γνάμτω, for which I also arrived at this conclusion.Page in Frisk: 1,774-775Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάμπτω
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13 κόνδῠλος
κόνδῠλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `knuckle, bony knob, clenched fist, swelling of the gum etc.' (IA.).Compounds: As 2. member e. g. in μονο-, δι-κόνδυλος (Arist.)Derivatives: κονδυλώδης `κ.-like, knuckly', κονδύλωμα, - σις `hard swelling, tumour' (Hp.), κονδυλωτός `with κ. ' (Att. inscr. IVa), hardly through κονδυλόομαι `get κ., swell' (Aspasia ap. Aët., H.). - κονδυλίζω `hit the face with the fist, muffet, maltreat' (Hyp., LXX) with κονδυλισμός (LXX).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Other body-parts in - υλος are δάκτυλος, σφόνδυλος (cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 116ff.); the stem is seen in κόνδοι ἀστράγαλοι H. Connections outside Greek are quite uncertain or to be rejected: Skt. kanda- m. `root of a knol', kandúka- m. `playball', kanduka- n. `cushion' (cf. Mayrhofer s. vv., who considers Dravidian origin); Lith. kánduolas `kernel' (to kándu, ką́sti `bite'; s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. v.). Older lit. in Bq. - The word will be Pre-Greek because of its structure, κονδ-υλ-. It may continue *κανδυλος with ο \< α before υ.Page in Frisk: 1,911Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόνδῠλος
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14 λειμών
λειμών, - ῶνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `moist, grassy place, humid meadow' (Il.), metaph. of flowered surfaces and objects (Ach. Tat., Philostr.);Compounds: Compp., e.g. βαθυλείμων (Pi.), - λειμος (Il., with transition in the ο-stems) `with grassy meadows'; ἀ-λίμενος `without harbour, refuge' (Att.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 77 f.).Derivatives: λειμώνιος `belonging to the meadow' (A., Arist.), f. - ιάς (S., A. R.), - ίς (D. P.), - ιον n. plantname, `Statice limonium' (Dsc., Plin.); λειμων-ιάτης λίθος name of a grass-green stone (Plin.). With suffix-change (after πῖδαξ, βῶλαξ etc.) λεῖμαξ, - ακος f. `meadow' (E. in lyr.), `garden' (Pherecr.) with - ακώδης `meadowlike, grassy' (Hp.), - ακίδες νύμφαι (Orph. A. 646; uncertain; codd. λιμνακίδων). - With diff. ablaut: λιμήν, - ένος m. `harbour, protected creek', also metaph. `refuge' (Il.), `assembly-, marketplace' (Thess.; after H. also Cypr.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1,450f.). Dimin. λιμένιον (Str.; NGr. λιμάνι from Osm. liman; Maidhof Glotta 10, 14); λιμένιος `belonging to the harbour' (Paus.), λιμενίτης, f. - ῖτις `inhabitant of a harbour' (Corycos), of Priapos resp. Artemis as harbourgod(dess) (AP; Redard 23), λιμεν-ητικὰ χρήματα `harbour-taxes' (Cod. Just., with analog. - ητικά, if not itacistic fr - ιτικά), λιμεν-ίζω `build a harbour' (Polyaen.). - With enlargement after the ᾱ-stems and zero grade suffix (Schwyzer 524, Chantraine Form. 2 15): λί-μν-η f. `standing water, pond, sea, marsh' (Il.), Λίμναι pl. place in Athens, in Sparta etc. (Att.); compp., e. g. εὔ-λιμνος `with many seas' (Arist.). Many derivv.: 1. diminut. λιμνίον n. (Arist.). 2. λιμναῖος `living in seas etc., belonging to the sea' (IA.); 3. λιμνάς f. `id.' (Theoc., Paus.). 4. λιμνήτης, - τις (- ῖτις) `id.' (Theoc., Paus., inscr.), λιμνιτικά n. pl. name of a tax (pap.). 5. λιμνώδης `sea-, marsh-like' (IA.). 6. plantname: λιμν-ήσιον, - ησία, - ηστις, - ηστρον, - ηστρίς (Dsc., Gal.). 7. Denomin. verbs: λιμνάζω `build a λ., stagnate, put under water' (Arist.) with λιμνασμός `flood, inundation', - αστής `inund. surveyor', - αστεία `inund. work' (pap.), - ασία `marshy bottom' (Arist.); λιμνόομαι `build a λ.' (Thphr., Str.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [662?] * lei- [not well mentioned in Pok.]Etymology: The primary formations λει-μών and λι-μήν (with λί-μν-η), which show both in stem as in suffix old ablaut (Schwyzer 521 f., Chantraine Form. 170), are isolated in Greek and have outside Greek no counterpart; for the etymology we have only suppositions. Starting from the idea `moistness, standing water etc.' (thus Benveniste Origines 123) Bq with J. Schmidt Zur Gesch. d. idg. Vocalismus 2, 259 f. wants to connect Lat. līmus `mud', to which may belong, with anlaut. sl-, the words mentioned under λείμαξ; also those unser λείβω, e. g. OCS lьjǫ (with perhaps Lat. lītus "floodarea") might be considered. - Quite diff. WP. 1, 158 and Pok. 309: prop. *'low-lying, Einbuchtung' (cf. e. g. NHG Anger to ἀγκ- in ἀγκ-ύλος etc.) to Lat. līmus `oblique', līmen `threshold', withou m-suffix e. g. Latv. leja `dale, valley'.Page in Frisk: 2,97-99Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λειμών
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15 μοτός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lint pledget, lint, compress, tampon'(Hp., Dsc.); pl. τὰ μότα (Call., H.; as μηρός: μῆρα a.o.), gen. μοτάων (Q. S. 4, 212; verse-end); μοτὸς... κοῖλος `drainage tube' (Hp.).Compounds: Compp. μοτο-φύλαξ m., - άκιον n. `bandage, to retain a compress' (Medic.), ἔμ-μοτος `provided with μ., treated', also `ulcerating', of wounds (Medic. since Hp.), also metaph. (A. Ch. 471), cf. Bechtel Dial. 3, 294 f.Derivatives: Dimin. μοτάριον (Gal., EM; Lat. motarium); further μότ-ωμα n. `lint dressing' (Hp., pap.), - ημα n. `linen, oakum' (pap.). Denomin. μοτόω, also with δια-, ἐπι-, περι-, `stop up, tampon' with ( δια-, περι-)μότω-σις ` tampon' (Medic., LXX), backformation διάμοτον n. `lint, tent' (Paul.Aeg.); besides ἐμ-μοτέω `id.' (Medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Medical echnical expressions without etymology. Arbitrary hypotheses of Prellwitz (s. Bq) and W.-Hofmann s. motā-rium; new proposal by Sommer A. u. Sprw. 53 f.: to μοτρο-γένειος H. (cod. [at alphab. unrighteous position] μοτρο-γένειον σπανίῳ πώγωνι; cf. Schmidt ad loc.), Μοτ(τ)ύλος. Fur. 182 compares μόδα στρώματα; if so Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,260Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μοτός
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16 μῶλυς
μῶλυς, - υοςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `enervated (also mentally); dull, feeble, weak' (S. Fr. 963. Nic., Demetr. Lac.);Other forms: also μῶλυξ (cod. - δ-; cf. v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 42f.) ἀπαίδευτος, μώλυκα τὸν ἀπαίδευτον. Ζακύνθιοι H.; μωλυρόν νωθρόν, βραδύ H.Derivatives: μωλύω, - ύνω, - ύνομαι, aor. pass. μωλυ(ν)θῆναι, perf. med. μεμώλυσμαι, rarely with ἀπο-, κατα-, δια, `boil imperfectly, scald, simmer', med.-pass. `become powerless, fade away', esp. of wounds `fail to come to a head' (Hp., Arist.); μωλύεται γηράσκει, μεμωλυσμένη παρειμένη H. With the verbal nouns μώλ-υσις (- υνσις) f. `spoil' (opposite ἕψησις; Arist., Thphr.), - υτης ἐπέων meaning uncertain (Timo).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With μωλύω (to which μωλύ-ν-ω; cf. Schwyzer 728) cf. κωλύω; the much more rare μῶλυς may be a backformation. With a velar μῶλυξ like κόρυξ νεανίσκος H. (s. κόρη); μωλυ-ρός like ἐχυρός, καπυρός a.o. (hardly with Benveniste Origines 36 to μωλύνω with ρ: ν -change), if not dissimilated from - υλός (cf. Leumann Glotta 32, 223 A. 2 = Kl. Schr. 249 n. 3). -- Because of the not very clear meaning and the unclear formation etymologically hard to asses. By Fick 23, 189, Bq a.o. connected with μέλεος (acc. to Bechtel Lex, 224f. and Specht KZ 59, 93 also ἀμβλύς); rejected by WP. 2, 285. After Prellwitz BB 26, 310 (accepted by WP. 2, 301 and Pok. 746) however to μῶλος. Diff. again H. Petersson Et. Miszellen 18: μωλύω to μολούω (s. μολεύω) as κωλύω to κολούω. -- Everything hypothetic. - The suffix - υκ- looks Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῶλυς
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17 πόσθη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `the male member' (Ar. Nu. 1014), also `foreskin' (medic.).Other forms: Cf. ἀκροβυστία bel.Derivatives: Dimin. πόσθιον n. (Hp., Ar.); - ία f. `foreskin' (Ph.), metaph. `stye on the eyelid' (medic.); shortened from ἀκρο-ποσθ-ία (s.bel.; Scheller Oxytonierung 43 n. 2) ?; - ων, - ωνος m. `provided with π.', vulgar designation of a boy (Ar. Pax 1300; meaning unclear in Luc. Lex. 12); also PN (for it Βόσθων [Halicarn.]?; Masson Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 10, 162) like - ίων, - ύλος; id., with familiar λ-enlargement, - αλίων (Dor. inscr. around 200a); s. Taillardat Rev. de phil. 87, 249f.; - αλίσκος = - ων (Ar. Th. 291; coni. Dindorf, agreeing Taillardat l.c.). -- Compound ἀκρο-ποσθ-ία f. (Hp., Arist.) - ιον n. (Poll., Ruf.) `foreskin'; for this ἀκροβυστία f. `id.', coll. `the uncircumcised' = `heathendom' (LXX, NT), prob. with euphemistic folketymology after βύω (EM 53, 47, Blass-Debrunner $ 120, 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Of old conncted with πέος; ποσ- is then explained from πέ[σ]-ος with ablaut. For the ending cf. σάθη, also κύσθος a.o. (Specht Ursprung 252). Other proposals by Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 100 n. 1 (cf. Schwyzer 425 Zus. 2) and by Szemerényi Arch. Linguist. 5, 13 ff. (IE *ghu̯osdh-ā, to which also, through Illyr. intermediary, OCS gvozdь `nail', Lat. hasta `bar, javelin', OIr. bot `penis'[?]). -- If ἀκρο-βυστία contains the same word in a different shape, the word is Pre-Greek, which is quite possible for a word of this meaning.Page in Frisk: 2,584Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόσθη
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18 πρῶτος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `foremost, first' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. Boeot. πρᾶτος.Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. πρωτό-γονος `first-born' (ep. poet. Il.).Derivatives: 1. Superlative πρώτ-ιστα (adv.) `first of all', - ιστος (ep. poet. Il.), Dor. (Thera) πράτιστος `the very first' (Seiler Steigerungsformen 105). 2. πρωτ-εῖον n. `first prize, first rank' (Att.); - ειος `of the first rank'. 3. - εύω `to be first' (Att.) with the backformation πρωτεύς adjunct to λαός (Tim. Pers. 248; cf. Wil. ad loc.). Several shortnames, e.g. Πρωτ-εύς m. Seagod (Od. etc.; Bosshardt 128f.), - τέας, - τίων, Πρατ-ίνας, - ύλος etc. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 387). -- On Πρω-τεσί-λαος, - λεως (Il. etc.) s. Risch $ 71 a.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] XX [unknown]Etymology: As with the cardinals (cf. οἶος, εἷς and Kretschmer Einl. 10ff.) deviate also with the ordinals, a. even stronger, the expressions for the singular from one another. In Greek πρῶτος, πρᾶτος as innovation joined the sequence τρίτος, τέταρτος etc.; the initial syllable is explained in diff. ways. Most obvious is to compare, πρῶ-, πρᾶ-(τος) with Lith. pìr-mas, Skt. pū́r-va-, Av. paur-va- as representing a zero grade pr̥̄-, i.e. *pr̥H-; the variation πρω-: πρᾱ- can, if not old (Lejeune BSL 29, 117ff.), be explained as partial adaptation to πρό, πρότερος though it is not clear how this would have come about. DELG says that *pr̥H- can give both πρᾱ- and πρω-, but the first requires *pr̥h₂-, the second *pr̥h₃-, so the two cannot come from the same form. A basis *πρό-ατος, for πρῶτος possible, is not possible for πρᾶτος. Schwyzer 361 and 250 w. lit.; s. also on πρῳ̃ ρα and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 563. Older lit. in Bq. Cf. Beekes Development 214f.Page in Frisk: 2,609-610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρῶτος
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19 σῑμός
σῑμόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `having an impressed, pouting nose, snub-, flat-nosed' (opposite γρυπός), `bent upward, rising, concave, hollow' (oppos. κυρτός), metaph. `impudent, mischievous' (IA),Compounds: also with modifying or further charakterising prefixes as ἀνα-, ἐν-, ὑπο- (Strömberg Prefix Studies 127 a. 147).Derivatives: 1. σιμ-ότης f. `snub-nosedness, upward bending' (Pl., X.); 2. - όομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, ὑπο-, `to become snub-nosed, to bend (oneself) upward, to bend off' (Hp., Th., X., Arist. etc.) with - ωσις f. `snub-nosedness' (Gal.), ἀπο- σῑμός `bending off course of a ship' (App.); - ωμα n. `curved upward prow of a ship' (Plu.); 3. - αίνω `to bend the nose upward' (Call. Iamb.); also 4. σίμιον αἰγιαλός H. (of a sea-coast bent inwards). -- With oppositive accent.: σῖμος m. name of a fish (Opp., Ath.) with - άριον (pap. VI -- VIIp); cf. Strömberg Fischn. 44, Thompson Fishes s. v. -- Several PN: Σῖμ-ος, - ύλος, - ιχος a.o.; also - ίας, from where as appellative *σιμίας m. prop. "flat-nose", `monkey' in Lat. LW [loanword] sīmia (Leumann Sprache 1, 206 f. = Kl. Schr. 173); cf. καλλίας. -- Quite doubtful the rivern. Σιμόεις, - εντος (Il. etc.); cf. Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 2, 233 f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Oxytone adj. in - μός are rare (Chantraine Form. 151, Schwyzer 494); note however θερμός and close to it δοχμός, both inherited. Σιμός too makes the impression of an old inherited word, but a convincing etymology does not exist. The connection with a Germ. word for `disappear, fall in, decrease' in OHG swīnan, ONord. svīna (Persson, e.g. Beitr. 1, 382, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 246 f.) is, even apart from the phonetic uncertainty, also semant. far from evident; s. WP. 2, 519 (= Pok. 1041), where σιμός as `bent inwards' is rather connected with MHG swīmen `stagger, be suspended', ONord. svīma `float, stagger, swoon' with further connection with Celt., e.g. Welsh chwil (from *su̯ī-lo-) `turning quickly, whiling, dally', IE *su̯ē̆i- `bend, turn, swing'; semant. also not very evident. Lat. LW [loanword] sīmus, s. W.-Hofmann; diff. Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 27 (Mediterranean word, if not inherited). -- After Solmsen IF 30, 1ff. to σιμός also σίλλος and σικχός, perh. also σιρός (s. vv.). -- As there is no cognste, the word could also be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,707-708Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῑμός
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20 σπέρχομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: Act. σπέρχω, mostly with ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `to come rushing in, to huddle, to be upset, to be impassioned'; act. w. ἐπι-, κατα- also trans. `to press, to incite, to spur' (mostly ep. poet., Il.).Other forms: only pres. stem except aor. pass. ptc. σπερχθείς (Pi., Hdt.) and fut. σπέρξομαι ὀργισθήσομαι, aor. ἐσπερξάμην ἠπείλησα, ὠργίσθην H.Derivatives: As 2. member in περι-, ἐπι-σπερχής `hurried' (S., X. a.o.) to περι-, ἐπι-σπέρχω; but ἀ-σπερχές `vigorous, intense' (Hom.) from *σπέρχος n., beside which σπερχ-νός `swift, hasty, violent' (Hes. Sc., Hp., A. a. o.) as in e.g. ἔρεβος: ἐρεμνός. Here σπέργδην ἐρρωμένως and κατασπερχάδην (cod. - άτην) H. (explanation: spoiled; s. Latte ad loc.); σπερχυλλάδην κέκραγας ( Com. Adesp. 30). PN like Σπερχ-ύλος, - ων, - ις, FlN Σπερχ-ειός (like Άλφειός, Πηνειός).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [998] *sperǵh- `hurry'Etymology: Beside the full grade primary σπέρχομαι Iran. has an also primary but zero grade ipf. Av. a-spǝrǝzatā `he was diligently exerting himself', in Skt. a zero grade secondary formation spr̥hayati (would be Greek *σπαρχέω) `be zealous, zealously desire' (since Curtius 195). Much less certain is the connection of Germ., e.g. OHG springan `spring' from assumed IE *spr-en-ǵh- with nasalinfix (WP. 2, 675, Pok. 998 with Persson Stud. 27; s. the lit. in WP. l. c.).Page in Frisk: 2,764Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπέρχομαι
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