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1 ἀλίβας
ἀλίβας, - αντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `corpse, a dead' (Pl. R. 387 c, H.), also of the Styx (S. Fr. 790) and metaphorically of wine-vinegar (Hippon.). ἀλίβας· νεκρός ἦ βροῦχος ἦ ποταμός ἦ ὄξος H.; other glosses s. Peiffer ad Call. fr. 216 (v.l. ἁ-; the vowel is perhaps long).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The antique explanation as `sapless' with α privativum and λιβάς is popular etymology (defended by Lawson ClassRev. 40, 52ff., 116ff.; cf. Wilamowitz Herm. 54, 64. Wrong Immisch Arch. f. Religionswiss. 14, 449f. Furher Petersson Gr. u. lat. Wortstudien (1922) 3f. Kretschmer Glotta 28, 269 connected Etr. lupu `he died', Lat. Libitina; possible, but uncertain. The deviant shape of the word and forms like ὀκρίβας, κιλλίβας, λυκάβας, Κορύβαντες (not to βαίνω of course) make it clear that this is a substr. word.Page in Frisk: 1,72Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀλίβας
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2 γλαφυρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `hollow(ed)' (Il.), `polished, smooth, refined, elegant' (Ar.).Derivatives: γλαφυρότης `neatness, elegance' (Ph.) and γλαφυρία `id.' (Plu.). - Rare γλάφυ n. `hollow, cavern' (Hes. Op. 533) and γλάφω `hollow' (Hes. Sc. 431), also διαγλάψασα, late `engrave' ( ClassRev. 12, 282; Koptos IIp).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Dissimilated from - υλός (?) acc. to Leumann ( Glotta 32, 223 A. 2), from an u-stem ( λιγυρός: λιγύς)?. Perhaps γλάφυ is old and represents this u-stem; γλάφω, a ἅπ. λεγ. `hollow', can be secondary. Later the verb means (though not quite certainly) `engrave. It looks as a cross between γλύφω and γράφω. The development to `smooth' etc. is rather surprising. - Compare Slavic words for `hollow, gnaw', e.g. Sloven. glóbati. (But Russ. globá `cross-beam' does not fit in, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.). DELG thinks that υ stands for α (Lejeune, Phonétique 1969, 180, 315f.) or a dissimilation of *γλυφυ-. Doubtful.Page in Frisk: 1,311Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλαφυρός
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3 ἔπισσαι
Grammatical information: f. pl.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: For the formation cf. μέτασσαι f. pl. `lams of middle age' (ι 221); (perh. also the place names Ἄμφισσα, Ἄντισσα). Derivation uncertain; perh. a τ-ι̯ο-suffix (Schulze KZ 40, 412ff. = Kl. Schr. 71 n. 1), or - κ-ιο-. Acc. to Giles ClassRev. 3, 3f. ἔπι-σσαι would be analogical after μέτ-ασσαι = μετ-οῦσαι with archaic disappearance of the zero grade of the ptc. f. See Schwyzer 472 w. n. 2.Page in Frisk: 1,542Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔπισσαι
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4 ἴκρια
Grammatical information: n. pl.Meaning: `half-deck' (Hom., B.), `platform, stage, benches' (Hdt., Com., inscr. etc., cf. Beare ClassRev. 53, 54f.); sg. `mast' (Eust. 1533, 31 [?]).Other forms: prob. ῑ-; Ar. Th. 395, Cratin. 323)Compounds: compp. ἰκριο-ποιέω `build a platform' (hell. inscr.), ἐπ-ίκριον n. `yard-arm' (ε 254, 318, A. R.), prop hypostasis: `what is on the ἴκρια'; as adj. Nic. Th. 198?Derivatives: Denomin. verb ἰκριόω `provide with ἴκρια, construct a platform' (Att. inscr., D. C.) with ἰκρίωμα `support, stay-beams' and ἰκριωτῆρες pl. `(standing) uprights, flooring of a deck' (Att. inscr.; often written hικ-).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Technical term without etymology, cf. Chantr. Étrennes Benveniste 8, Hermann Gött. Nachr. 1f. Hypothesis of Bezzenberger BB 27, 162 (to Russ. ikrá `calf (of the leg)'; s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); not better Gray AmJPh 53, 67ff. (to OP yakā kind of wood; on the meaning Kent Old Persian [1950] 204); R. Martin, Rev. Ph. 1957, 72-81Page in Frisk: 1,718Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴκρια
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5 κλώθω
κλώθω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `spin'.Other forms: Aor. κλῶσαι, - ώσασθαι (Ω 525 and Od.), pass. κλωσθῆναι (Pl.), κέκλωσμαι (Com., LXX). κλώσκω H.; cf. Schwyzer 708)Compounds: also with prefix, esp. ἐπι-,Derivatives: κλῶθες pl. f. `spinsters' (η 197; cf. Leumann Hom.Wörter 72; diff. Bechtel Lex. s. v.), Κλωθώ f. "the spinster", one of the Moirai (Hes.); κλωστήρ, - ῆρος m. `yarn, clew, spindle' (Att., Theoc., A. R.; cf. Gow ClassRev. 57, 109), κλωστήριον `band, yarn' ( Ostr. 1525 [?], Suid.); κλωστάς m. `spinner' (Sparta); κλῶσμα `thread, clew' (LXX, Nic. a. o.), κλῶσις `id.' (Lyc.), `spinning' (Corn., M. Ant.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The supposed connection with κάλαθος `basket' cannot be supported in any way. One also considered connection with Lat. colus `distaff'; s. W.-Hofmann s. v. (and also s. cōlum `Seilkorb'); Pok. 611f. It is prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,879Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλώθω
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6 κόκκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: 1. `kernel of fruits, esp. of the pomegranate' (h. Cer., IA.; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 185); 2. `berry (gall) of the kermes oak, scarlet, the kermes oak' (Thphr., Gal., Dsc.; Michell ClassRev. 69, 246); 3. metaph. `pill' (medic.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. κοκκο-βαφής `painted with scarlet' (Thphr.), καλλί-κοκκος `with beautiful kernes' (Thphr.); κοκκό-δαφνον, δαφνό-κοκκον (medic.) = κόκκος δάφνης, δαφνίς (Strömberg Wortstudien 7).Derivatives: Diminut. κοκκίον, κοκκάριον (medic.); κόκκων, - ωνος m. `kernel of the granate' (Sol., Hp.), `mistletoe-berry' (H.), κόκκαλος m. `kernel of the stone pine' (Hp., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 247); κοκκίδες pl. `scarlet slippers' (Herod.), - ίδα αἴγειρον H.; κόκκινος `scarlet' (Herod., pap., Arr.) with κοκκινίζω `be scharlet' (Sch.), κοκκηρός `made of scarlet' ( Edict. Diocl.; like οἰνηρός, ἐλαιηρός); κοκκίζω `take out the kernel' (A., Ar.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Etymology unknown, prob foreign; note the popular gemination (Chantraine Formation 7). - Alessio Studi etr. 18, 126 (s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 210) reminds of Span. cuesco `note' and considers a Mediterranaean * cosco-, from which κόκκος(? rejected by Fur. 293 n. 4). - Prob. Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,895Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόκκος
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7 κύπασσις
κύπασσις, - εωςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `name of a (short) frock, also worn by women (Alc. Z 34, 7 [cf. Hamm Grammatik 53], Hecat., Ion Trag., AP).Other forms: - ιδες pl. Alc.Derivatives: Dimin. - ίσκος (Hippon. 18)Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Anat.Etymology: Anatolian LW [loanword], in the sources connected with Lydians and Persians (cf. Gow ClassRev. 69, 238 f.). A striking agreement shows Hitt. kupah̯i- (v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 2 7 ff.), which however seems to indicate a head-cover, s. Friedrich Wb. (also Erg.heft).Page in Frisk: 2,50Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κύπασσις
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8 μέτασσαι
Grammatical information: f. pl.Meaning: `lambs born later, i.e. of middle age', between the πρόγονοι and the ἕρσαι (ι221); τὰ μέτασσα n. pl. `later' (h. Merc. 125 ; Zumbach Neuerungen 27).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [702] *meth₂-ti̯o-? `later born'Etymology: To μέτα like ἔπισσαι `daughters born later' to ἔπι; so prob. from *μετα-τι̯ο-, f. -τι̯ᾰ like Skt. ápa-tya- a. o. (Schulze KZ 40, 414 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 71 n. 1 [s. also Kl. Schr. 675] after Ebel KZ 1, 302, Bechtel Lex. s. v., Specht Ursprung 197), Benveniste, Origines 82. -- Diff. Giles ClassRev. 3, 3 f. (approving Schwyzer 472 w. n. 2): μετ-ασσαι = μετ-οῦσαι, prop. "being between", archaic zero grade ptc. f. of μετ-εῖναι. Then however both τὰ μέτασσα (for τὰ μετόντα) and ἔπ-ισσαι must be explained as analogical formations.See also: Vgl. περισσός.Page in Frisk: 2,218Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέτασσαι
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9 ὄβριμος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `strong, mighty' (Il.).Other forms: (also ὄμβριμος with anticipation of the nasal; cf. Schwyzer 257 and below).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in ὀβριμο-πάτρη f. surname of Athena a.o. `having a mighty father'; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 144 f. w. lit.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With ὄβριμος one compares since long (Curtius 532 f. etc.) some words without initial ὀ- and with long stemvowel: βριμός μέγας, χαλεπός H., βριμάομαι ' χαλεπαίνω', Βριμώ f. surname of Hekate and Persephone a.o. (s. βρίμη), with further βρίθω, βριαρός. The shortness of the ι in ὄβριμος could have been taken from ἄλκιμος and other nearly synonymous adj., but the ὀ- gives serious problems: neither a prefix (Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 2, 817) nor a prothetic vowel (Meillet BSL 27, 129ff.) gives a solution; cf. Austin Lang. 17, 87. To be rejected Arbenz 24f. with Fay ClassRev. 11, 89 (to ὄμβρος); a not convincing Slavic combination (Pol. olbrzym `giant' from older obrzym) by Machek Zeitschr. für Slavistik 1 (1956) 38. -- Older lit. in Bq. - The variation ὀβρι-\/ βρι- is prob. Pre-Greek (Furnée 246 etc.).Page in Frisk: 2,345Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄβριμος
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10 οἴστρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `gadfly, Tabanus bovinus' (χ 300, A., Arist.), also of a water-insect and a bird (Arist. perh. Sylvia trochilus; cf. Whitfield ClassRev. 69, 12f.), `sting, prick' (S., E.), `rage, madness, fierce desire' (Hdt., Pl., S., E.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. οἰστρο-πλήξ, - γος `stung by a gadly, driven by anger' (trag., of Io, also of the Bacchantes).Derivatives: οἰστρ-ώδης `enraged' (Pl., Epicur.), - ήεις `full of sting, stinging, stung' (Opp., Nonn.; cf. Schwyzer 527), - ηδόν `with rage' (Opp.); οἰστρ-άω (on the formation Schwyzer 731), also - έω (Theoc., Luc., Jul.), - ῆσαι (trag., Pl., Arist.), also with ἀν-, ἐξ-, παρ-, δι-, `to rouse; to rage, to roar' with οἴστρ-ημα n. `sting' (S., AP), ( παρ-)-ησις f. `rage, passion' ( Corp. Herm., PMag. Par.); backformation πάροιστρος `enraged, mad' (Simp.).Etymology: In the barytonesis agreeing with κέστρος, χύτρος a. o. (cf. Schwyzer 531 f.) οἶσ-τρος must orig. be a nom. instr. or -- what amounts to the same thing -- a nom. agentis. If, as seems probable, cognate with οἶμα (\< *οἶσ-μα) and like this derived from a verb `put in vehement movement, urge, irritate', the word meant originally "urger, irritator". The actual meanings `gadfly', `sting', `anger' can therefor go hand in hand (cf. v.Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 273); the changing meaning was still favoured by the myth of Io. -- An identical formation, except for the gender, is Lith. aistrà f. `vehement passion'; further cognates s. οἶμα; cf. also ὀϊστός w. lit. -- Diff. F. Hartmann KZ 54, 289 w. n. 1: to οἶδος, οἰδέω, OHG eittar `poison' etc. as `who causes an ulcer'; to be rejected. S. also Gil Fernandez Nombres de insectos 157. -- In ἰστυάζει ὀργίζεται H. Fick KZ 43, 136 wanted to find a parallel zero grade τυ-derivation *ἰσ-τύ-ς.Page in Frisk: 2,369-370Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἴστρος
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11 ὀλοός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `destructive, sinister, ominous' (Il.).Other forms: Also ὀλοιός (A 342, Χ 5, h. Ven. 224), ὀλώιος (Hes. Th. 591, Nonn.), οὑλοός (A. R.), voc. ὀλέ (Alcm. 55), ὀλόεις (S. Tr. 521, lyr.).Compounds: As 1. member in ὀλοό-φρων `of ruinous intention, pondering on evil', of ὕδρος, λέων, σῦς κάπρος (Il.), also of Ἄτλας, Αἰήτης, Μίνως (Od.); see Tièche Mus. Helv. 2, 69 f., Armstrong ClassRev. 63, 50; also ὀλο-εργός, - εργής `having a destructive effect' (Nic., Man.) with ο pushed out (cf. Schwyzer 252 f.).Etymology: To ὀλέ-σαι, ὄλε-θρος etc. (s. ὄλλυμι), so prob. through *ὀλε-Ϝός \> *ὀλο-Ϝός (J. Schmidt KZ 32, 332f., 337, Schwyzer 472 w. lit.). -- The formal variants are all secondary: ὀλοιός with οι for ο (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 168; cf. on οἰέτεας), οὑλοός with metr. lengthening and after οὖλος, ὀλώϊος after ὀλοφώϊος. ὀλόεις with poetical enlargement (Schw. 528 w. lit.), ὀλέ (voc.) from *ὀλοέ (or *ὀλε[F]έ?) with vowelloss; cf. ὤ μέλε and Hdn. 1, 154, 14.Page in Frisk: 2,380-381Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀλοός
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12 ὄρος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `mountain, height'; also (in Egypt) `desert' in contrast to cultivated plain (Il.).Other forms: w. metr. length. οὔρ-εος, - εα etc. (ep.), also ὤρ-εος, - εα (Theoc.); Megar. ὄρρος and Chalcid. (RPh. 71, 1997, 170)Compounds: As 1. member 1. w. unenlarged stem a.o. in ὀρεσκῳ̃ος (s. v.); 2. themat. enlarged e.g. in ὀρεο-σέλινον n. `mountain-parsley' (Thphr.; Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzn. 33 a. 116); 3. often in dat. sg. (= loc.), e.g. ὀρει-δρόμος `roming in the mountains' (Pi., E., Nonn.), after thir a.o. ὀρεί-χαλκος m. `mountain ore, brass (h. Hom. 6, 9, Hes. Sc. 122; Risch 59, 27; on the meaning Michell ClassRev. 69, 21 f.), Lat. LW [loanword] orichalcum, folketym. auri-; also ὠρό-χαλκος (Peripl. M. Rubr., PGiss. 47, 6; - ο- in comp.boundary, ὠ- = Lat. au-?); 4. in dat. pl., e.g. ὀρεσί-τροφος `grown up in the mountains' (Hom.).Derivatives: 1. ὀρέσ-τερος `living in the mountains, to consist of mountains' (Χ 93; Chantraine Études 36 w. n.3 a. lit.); 2. ὄρειος (= *ὄρεσ-ιος), ep. lyr. οὔρ-, `mountainous' (h. Merc. 244), f. - ειάς (AP), as subst. `mountain-nymph' (Bion, Nonn.); 3. ὀρεινός (\< *ὀρεσ-νός) `id.' (IA.); 4. Όρέσ-της m. PN (Il.) with Όρεστ-άδης (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 184), ὀρέστ(ε)ιον n. = ἑλένιον (Dsc., Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzenn. 102); Όρέσ-ται m. pl. "highlander", name of an Epeirotic people (Th.); ὀρεστ-ιάδες νύμφαι (Ζ 420, h. Hom. 19, 19); metr. for *ὀρεστ-άδ- (Schwyzer 508); ὀρεστ-ίας m. `mountain wind' (Call.; like Όλυμπίας a.o., Chantraine Form. 95); 5. ὀρώδης `mountainous' (EM).Etymology: Prop. prob. *"elevation" as verbal noun of ὄρνυμαι, ὀρέσθαι `rise etc.' (s.v. w. lit.); cf. Chantraine Form. 417, Schwyzer 512 and Porzig Satzinhalte 300 (so * h₃er-os). A further deriv. of this s-stems may be found in Skt. r̥ṣ-vá- `ricing up, high'; vgl. auch ὄρρος und ὀρσοθύρη.Page in Frisk: 2,426Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρος
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13 ὄρχαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: in Hom. only in the formula ὄρχαμος ἀνδρῶν, ἄρχαμε λαῶν, later ὄ. στρατοῦ (A. Pers. 129 [lyr.]).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etymology and meaning debated. Of old (s. Curtius 189f.) often as `leader' derived from ἄρχω w. superlat. μο-suffix; the ο-vowel, if not from ablaut (e.g. ὄγμος: ἄγω), can be Aeolic (Kretschmer KZ 36, 268, Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 1, 226). Diff. Bechtel BB 30, 270 a. Lex. s.v. (agreeing a.o. Specht Ursprung 252 a. 255, Fraenkel KZ 72, 195): like ἔρκος Αχαιῶν as "protecting wall (of the men)" to ὄρχατος a. cogn. (s. ὄρχος). Still diff. (to ὄρχος `row') Wright ClassRev. 29, 111 f. - Furnée 342 thinks that ἀ-\/ὀ- (in ἄρχω) points to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,432Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄρχαμος
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14 περισκελής 1
περισκελής 1.Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `very rough, very hard, inflexible' (S., Hp., Thphr.; on the meaning in S. cf. Grose ClassRev. 32, 168f.).Derivatives: περισκέλ-εια, - ία f. `harshness, roughness' (Arist., Porph.), - ασία f. `id.' (Orib.); lengthened after θερμασία, φλεγμασία a.o.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prob. prop. as `allround', i.e. `completely dried' (cf. σκληρός) from *σκέλος `barrenness', which is also supposed in ἀσκελής (s. v.); s. σκέλλω.Page in Frisk: 2,514Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > περισκελής 1
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15 σαννᾶς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: Surname a. personal name, `μωρός, stupid person' (Cratin. [cf. Clark ClassRev. 69, 245 f.], Colophon), σαννίων `id.' (Arr.), σάννορος = μωρός (Rhinth.), prob. with Kaibel ad loc. for - υρος; cf. Σαννυρίων. As PN also Σάνν-ος (Hippon.), - αῖος, - ιος, - υρίων, f. -ώ (5.-4. cent); Σαννίδωρος surname for Άντίδωρος (Epicur.).Other forms: rather than -ᾱς.Derivatives: Besides σαννίον = αἰδοῖον (Eup.), σαν\<ν\> ιόπληκτος αἰδοιόπληκτος H.; σαννάδας τὰς ἀγρίας αἶγας H. (formally patronymicon of *σάννος v. t.) = NGr. (Crete) ἡ σανάδα (Hatzidakis Glotta 12, 148 f.); prob. also ἐσαθνύριζεν ᾔκαλλεν H. für ἐσαν(ν)-.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From σαίνω (s. v.) with expressive-hypocoristic gemination; the names are, at least partly, built referring to σαννίον αἰδοῖον. Details w. rich lit. in Masson on Hippon. 118 (p. 165 f.). Lat. LW [loanword] sanna `grimace', sanniō `buffoon' (W.-Hofmann s. v.). -- The etymology should rather be rejected.Page in Frisk: 2,676Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαννᾶς
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16 σάρξ
σάρξ, σαρκόςGrammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).Meaning: `flesh, piece(s) of meat' (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.Other forms: Aeol. σύρκες pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σαρκο-φάγος `eating flesh' (Arist.), λίθος σαρκοφάγος des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there `coffin' (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] sarcophagus, OHG sarch etc.; ἄ-σαρκος `without flesh, thin' (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.Derivatives: 1. σαρκ-ίον (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ίδιον (Arist. etc.) n. `piece of flesh', - ίς f. `meat, food' (late pap.); - ῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. σάρκ-ινος (Att. etc.), - ικός (hell. a. late), - ειος (late) `fleshy, made of flesh'; - ώδης `flesh-like' (Hp., X. etc.), - ήρης `consisting of flesh' ( Trag. Adesp.). 3a σαρκ-ίζω `to scrape clean of flesh' (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), περι- σάρξ with - ισμός (medic.), ἐκ- σάρξ (LXX); b. - όω ( περι-, ἐκ- a. o.) `to make fleshy, to change into flesh' with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.); c. - άζω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] *tu̯r̥ḱ- `cut'Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. ʮwarǝs-, pres. ʮwǝrǝsaiti prop. `cut' ( upa-, us- a. o.), as simplex `shape, create, destine etc.', IE tu̯r̥ḱ- (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. carō `(piece) of meat' = Umbr. karu `pars, piece of meat' to κείρω `cut' etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. tuekkaš `body' [with assumed loss of r before k] is discussed; s. however on σάκος): to ʮwarǝs- in the (clearly secondary) meaning `create, build'; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. tvaṣṭar- contains a zero grade (with a \< r̥), like Av. ʮwōrǝštar- (from * ʮwǝrǝštar-). OIr. torc `boar' has the same origin, for which he reconstructs *turḱos. L. discusses also the rise of - αρ-, - υρ- (rejecting a reconstr. *tu̯orḱ-). - From σάρξ Alb. šark `flesh of a fruit' (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,679-680Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάρξ
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17 σαρκός
σάρξ, σαρκόςGrammatical information: f., often pl. (Hom almost only).Meaning: `flesh, piece(s) of meat' (Il.); on the number Schw.-Debrunner 43, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 2,30.Other forms: Aeol. σύρκες pl. H., EM; on the phonetics Schwyzer 308.Compounds: Many compp., e.g. σαρκο-φάγος `eating flesh' (Arist.), λίθος σαρκοφάγος des. of a stone broken near Assos (Troas), which was used for funeral monuments and would have eaten the corpse (Poll. 10, 150, Plin. a. o.); on the debated physiological-chemical proces s. R. Müller in Kretschmer Glotta 22, 265; from there `coffin' (inscr.), Lat. LW [loanword] sarcophagus, OHG sarch etc.; ἄ-σαρκος `without flesh, thin' (IA.); on the 2. member extens. Sommer Nominalkomp. 94 f.Derivatives: 1. σαρκ-ίον (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ίδιον (Arist. etc.) n. `piece of flesh', - ίς f. `meat, food' (late pap.); - ῖτις f. name of a stone (Plin.; after the colour, Redard 60). 2. σάρκ-ινος (Att. etc.), - ικός (hell. a. late), - ειος (late) `fleshy, made of flesh'; - ώδης `flesh-like' (Hp., X. etc.), - ήρης `consisting of flesh' ( Trag. Adesp.). 3a σαρκ-ίζω `to scrape clean of flesh' (Hdt.; on the privative meaning Hudson-Williams ClassRev. 26, 122f.; not correct Schwyzer 736), περι- σαρκός with - ισμός (medic.), ἐκ- σαρκός (LXX); b. - όω ( περι-, ἐκ- a. o.) `to make fleshy, to change into flesh' with - ωμα, - ωσις, - ωτικός (medic. a. o.); c. - άζω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1102] *tu̯r̥ḱ- `cut'Etymology: Acc. to a general, very acceptable view (since v. Bradke ZDMG 40, 752) to Av. ʮwarǝs-, pres. ʮwǝrǝsaiti prop. `cut' ( upa-, us- a. o.), as simplex `shape, create, destine etc.', IE tu̯r̥ḱ- (WP. 1, 751, Pok. 1102); so prop. *'slice' as Lat. carō `(piece) of meat' = Umbr. karu `pars, piece of meat' to κείρω `cut' etc. Other argumentation by Risch Sprache 7, 93 ff. (where also Hitt. tuekkaš `body' [with assumed loss of r before k] is discussed; s. however on σάκος): to ʮwarǝs- in the (clearly secondary) meaning `create, build'; so "flesh as what gives the human body shape and form"; certainly not to be preferred. -- Thus also Lubotsky, Sprache 36 (1994) 94-102, who shows that Skt. tvaṣṭar- contains a zero grade (with a \< r̥), like Av. ʮwōrǝštar- (from * ʮwǝrǝštar-). OIr. torc `boar' has the same origin, for which he reconstructs *turḱos. L. discusses also the rise of - αρ-, - υρ- (rejecting a reconstr. *tu̯orḱ-). - From σάρξ Alb. šark `flesh of a fruit' (Jokl IF 44, 13 ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,679-680Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαρκός
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18 συκοφάντης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `false accuser, denunciator', later also `trickster, cadger' (Ar.).Derivatives: συκοφαντ-έω `act as denunciator, accuse falsely, to practise blackmail', - ία f. `false accusation', - ίας m. ( ἄνεμος) "wind of accusations" (joking formation; Ar.), - ημα n. = - ία, - ικός und - ώδης `slanderous' (Att. etc.). Fem. συκοφάντρια (Ar.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 25).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Expression of popular language, prop. "fig-indicator", already in antiquity diff. explained. According to one interpretation (Plu. Sol. 24) prop. from one, who found out people, who against the prohibition exported figs from Attica, and denounced them. After Cook ClassRev. 1907, 133 ff. (agreeing Kretschmer Glotta 1, 386 w. lit.) the expression refers to an apotropäic gesture like Ital. far le fiche, Fr. faire la figue à qn. For the literal interpretation Gernet Mél. Boisacq 1, 393.Page in Frisk: 2,818-819Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > συκοφάντης
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19 Πάν
Πάν, -νόςж, -νί (h. Hom., Pi., Hdt. usw.; Πάονι ark. VIa)Grammatical information: m.Meaning: herder god of Arcadia (h. Hom., Pi., Hdt.).Derivatives: 1. Demin. Πανίσκος (Cic.); 2. Πάνιος `belonging to P., Panish' (A.Fr. 98 = 143 M.), - ιον n. `sanctuary of P.' (Epid.IIIa), - ειον n. `id.' (Str.), τὰ Π. `festival of P.' (Delos IIIa), f. Πανιάς (Nonn.); 3. Πανικός `id.' (hell.); 4. Πανιασταί m. pl. `worshipper of P.' (Rhod., Perg.; as Άπολλωνιασταί a.o.; Πανισταί conj. Men. Dysk. 230); 5. πανεύω `to treat after the manner of P.' (Heracl. Paradox.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Uncertain. Since Schulze KZ 42, 81 a. 374 (Kl. Schr. 217 f.) usu. as PGr. *Πᾱύσων identified with Skt. Pūṣán- m. `god who protects and augments the herds'; IE * pāus-: * pūs- (to púṣyati `thrive'?). Doubts by Mayrhofer s. v. Rejecting also v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 247 n. 1. Untenable on Πάνειον, Πανικόν (to πανός `fire-signal') Harrison ClassRev. 40, 6 ff. (cf. Wahrmann Glotta 17, 261 f.); not better Kerényi Glotta 22, 37f. (to supposed. Illyr. pā-ne-u- `swell').Page in Frisk: 2,470-471Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Πάν
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