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1 delay
delay [dɪˈleɪ]a. ( = postpone) [+ action, event] retarder ; [+ payment] différerb. ( = hold up) retarder• don't delay! dépêchez-vous !3. nounretard m• there will be delays to trains on the London-Brighton line on prévoit des retards sur la ligne Londres-Brighton• "delays possible" « ralentissements possibles »4. compounds* * *[dɪ'leɪ] 1.1) (of train, plane, post) retard m (of de; to, on sur)2) ( slowness)3) ( time lapse) délai m (of de; between entre)2.transitive verb1) ( postpone) différer [decision, publication]2) ( hold up) retarder [train, arrival, post]3.delayed past participle adjective [passenger] en retard4.delaying present participle adjective [action, tactic] dilatoire -
2 with the least possible delay
with the least possible delay/with as little delay as possible с наименьшей задержкойEnglish-Russian combinatory dictionary > with the least possible delay
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3 menos
adj.1 less.menos aire less airmenos manzanas fewer applesmenos… que… less/fewer… than…tiene menos experiencia que tú she has less experience than youhace menos calor que ayer it's not as hot as it was yesterdayhay dos libros de menos there are two books missingme han dado 10 euros de menos they've given me 10 euros too little2 the least.el que compró menos acciones the one who bought the fewest shareslo que menos tiempo llevó the thing that took the least timela que menos nota sacó en el examen the girl who did (the) worst o got the worst marks in the exam3 fewer.adv.1 less.menos de/que less thanson menos de las diez it's not quite ten o'clock yet2 minus (expresa resta).tres menos dos igual a uno three minus two is one3 to (con las horas). (peninsular Spanish, River Plate)son las dos menos diez it's ten to twoson menos diez it's ten to4 under.prep.1 except (for) (excepto).todo menos eso anything but that2 minus, less.m. s.&pl.minus (sign) (Mat).* * *► adjetivo1 (comparativo - en cantidad) less; (- en número) fewer2 (superlativo - de cantidad) least; (- de número) fewest► adverbio1 (comparativo - de cantidad) less; (- de número) fewer■ hay que conducir a menos de 100km/h one cannot drive over 100 km/h2 (superlativo) least3 (con horas) to4 MATEMÁTICAS minus■ cuatro menos dos, dos four minus two is two1 but, except1 (cantidad) less; (número) fewer■ esperaban a más de mil personas pero vinieron menos they were expecting over a thousand people but fewer came1 MATEMÁTICAS minus sign\a menos que unlessal menos / a lo menos at leastaún menos much lesscada vez menos less and lessdar (dinero) de menos to short-changeen menos de nada in no time at alleso es lo de menos that's the least of my worriesir a menos to go down in the worldlo menos at leastmenos da una piedra something's better than nothing¡menos mal! thank God!¡ni mucho menos! far from it!no ser para menos to be no wonderpara no ser menos so as not to be outdonepor lo menos at leastpor menos de nada for no reason at allqué menos que...... is the least somebody could do/could have donesi al menos... if only...venirse a menos to come down in the world¡ya será menos! come off it!* * *1. noun m. 2. adj.1) less, least2) fewer, fewest3. adv.1) less2) least•- por lo menos 4. prep.1) except2) minus5. pron.less, fewer* * *1. ADV1) [comparativo] less•
menos de — [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] less than; [con sustantivos contables] fewer thanllegamos en menos de diez minutos — we got there in less than o in under ten minutes
2) [superlativo] least3)•
al menos — at least•
de menos, hay siete de menos — we're seven short, there are seven missingme dieron un paquete con medio kilo de menos — they gave me a packet which was half a kilo short o under weight
darse de menos — to underestimate o.s.
•
echar de menos a algn — to miss sb•
ir a menos — to come down in the world•
lo menos diez — at least ten•
eso es lo de menos — that's the least of it•
¡menos mal! — thank goodness!¡menos mal que habéis venido! — thank goodness you've come!
•
era nada menos que un rey — he was a king, no less•
no es para menos — quite right too•
por lo menos — at least•
¡ qué menos!, -le di un euro de propina -¡qué menos! — "I tipped her a euro" - "that was the least you could do!"¿qué menos que darle las gracias? — the least we can do is say thanks!
•
quedarse en menos, no se quedó en menos — he was not to be outdone•
tener a menos hacer algo — to consider it beneath o.s. to do sth•
venir a menos — to come down in the world•
y menos, no quiero verle y menos visitarle — I don't want to see him, let alone visit himcuando 2., 2), poder•
¡ ya será menos! — come off it!2. ADJ1) [comparativo] [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] less; [con sustantivos contables] fewer•
menos... que, A tiene menos ventajas que B — A has fewer advantages than Bno soy menos hombre que él — * I'm as much of a man as he is
este es menos coche que el anterior — * this is not as good a car as the last one
•
ser menos que, ganaremos porque son menos que nosotros — we'll win because there are fewer of them than there are of us2) [superlativo] [con sustantivos incontables, medidas, dinero, tiempo] least; [con sustantivos contables] fewest3. PREP1) (=excepto) except¡todo menos eso! — anything but that!
2) (Mat) [para restar] minus, lesscinco menos dos — five minus o less two
4.CONJ5. SM1) (Mat) minus sign2)3)más 1., 2)* * *I1) ( comparativo) lessahora lo vemos menos — we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of him now
no voy a ir, y menos aún con él — I'm not going, and certainly not with him
menos (...) que: un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than this one; ella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize you; menos (...) de less than; pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos; no lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousand; éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us; los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven; es menos peligroso de lo que tú crees — it's not as dangerous as you think
2) ( superlativo) leastIIcuando menos lo esperábamos — when we were least expecting it; para locs ver menos III 2)
adjetivo invariable1) ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) feweralimentos con menos fibra/calorías — food with less fiber/fewer calories
ya hace menos frío — it's not as o so cold now
menos (...) que: tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you; menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year; yo no soy menos que él — he's no better than me
2) ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least; ( en número) fewestIII1)sírveme menos — don't give me so much, give me less
2) (en locs)IVde menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too little; me has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me; lo menos (fam) at least; menos mal just as well, thank goodness; menos mal que no me oyó just as well o it's a good thing he didn't hear me; por lo menos at least; ir a menos to go downhill; ser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es... that's the least of it, what worries me is...; la fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problems; tener a alguien en menos to feel somebody is beneath one; tener algo a menos to think something is beneath one o beneath one's dignity; venirse a menos — to come down in the world
1) ( excepto)firmaron todos menos Alonso — everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonso
menos estos dos, todos están en venta — apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for sale
tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé — three cans of paint, less what I used
2)a) (Mat) (en restas, números negativos) minusb) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora)Vson las cinco menos diez/cuarto — it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five
masculino minus sign* * *= least, less [lesser -comp., least -sup.], minus, but, less so.Ex. Service to the whole community implies positive discrimination towards those who through social or educational deprivation are least adept at using information tools.Ex. The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.Ex. Copies of records created by the libraries, minus local data, are added to the pool of cataloguing information available to users.Ex. Rotundas were widely used for all but the most formal texts in the fifteenth century, but fell out of fashion during the sixteenth century, surviving longest in Spain.Ex. Vellum remained popular on the continent, less so in England; while goatskin (morocco), although well established by this time for fine work, was seldom used in trade binding except for prayer books.----* al menos = at least, at the very least.* a menos que = unless, short of.* aproximadamente, más o menos = ballpark.* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.* cada vez menos = less and less.* cuando menos te lo esperes = on any given Sunday.* cuanto menos = at least, let alone, at best.* dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.* de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* dentro de lo malo lo menos malo = the best of a bad lot.* echar de menos = miss.* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* en todos menos en = in all but.* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.* estrella venida a menos = fallen star.* figura venida a menos = fallen star.* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.* horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take.* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.* menos aún = let alone.* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick, less of the carrot, more of the stick.* menos conocido = lesser known.* menos cultos, los = less literate, the.* menos de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad, less than + Cantidad.* menos de + Edad = on the right side of + Edad.* menos desarrollado = less developed [less-developed].* menos en = save in.* menos en el caso de que = except when.* menos favorecido = less-advantaged, less favoured [less favored].* menos hecho = rarer.* menos importante, el = least, the.* menos probable = least likely, less likely.* menos... que... = less... than....* menos rápidos, los = less fleet of foot, the.* menos sabido = lesser known.* menos usado = less used.* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.* no ser menos que el vecino = keep up with + the Joneses.* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.* pagar menos de lo que se debería = underpay.* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.* personaje venido a menos = fallen star.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* región menos favorecida = less favoured region (LFR).* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.* ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.* signo menos (-) = minus sign (-), negative sign (-).* todo menos = everything except (for).* todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.* todos menos + Número = all but + Número.* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.* venir a menos = retrench.* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.* zona menos favorecida = less favoured area.* * *I1) ( comparativo) lessahora lo vemos menos — we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of him now
no voy a ir, y menos aún con él — I'm not going, and certainly not with him
menos (...) que: un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than this one; ella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize you; menos (...) de less than; pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos; no lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousand; éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us; los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven; es menos peligroso de lo que tú crees — it's not as dangerous as you think
2) ( superlativo) leastIIcuando menos lo esperábamos — when we were least expecting it; para locs ver menos III 2)
adjetivo invariable1) ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) feweralimentos con menos fibra/calorías — food with less fiber/fewer calories
ya hace menos frío — it's not as o so cold now
menos (...) que: tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you; menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year; yo no soy menos que él — he's no better than me
2) ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least; ( en número) fewestIII1)sírveme menos — don't give me so much, give me less
2) (en locs)IVde menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too little; me has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me; lo menos (fam) at least; menos mal just as well, thank goodness; menos mal que no me oyó just as well o it's a good thing he didn't hear me; por lo menos at least; ir a menos to go downhill; ser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es... that's the least of it, what worries me is...; la fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problems; tener a alguien en menos to feel somebody is beneath one; tener algo a menos to think something is beneath one o beneath one's dignity; venirse a menos — to come down in the world
1) ( excepto)firmaron todos menos Alonso — everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonso
menos estos dos, todos están en venta — apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for sale
tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé — three cans of paint, less what I used
2)a) (Mat) (en restas, números negativos) minusb) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora)Vson las cinco menos diez/cuarto — it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five
masculino minus sign* * *= least, less [lesser -comp., least -sup.], minus, but, less so.Ex: Service to the whole community implies positive discrimination towards those who through social or educational deprivation are least adept at using information tools.
Ex: The role of analytical entries in an online catalogue is less clear.Ex: Copies of records created by the libraries, minus local data, are added to the pool of cataloguing information available to users.Ex: Rotundas were widely used for all but the most formal texts in the fifteenth century, but fell out of fashion during the sixteenth century, surviving longest in Spain.Ex: Vellum remained popular on the continent, less so in England; while goatskin (morocco), although well established by this time for fine work, was seldom used in trade binding except for prayer books.* al menos = at least, at the very least.* a menos que = unless, short of.* aproximadamente, más o menos = ballpark.* area menos favorecida = less favoured area.* cada vez menos = less and less.* cuando menos te lo esperes = on any given Sunday.* cuanto menos = at least, let alone, at best.* dar menos de lo debido = shortchange.* de menos del 10 por ciento = single digit, single figure.* dentro de lo malo lo menos malo = the best of a bad lot.* echar de menos = miss.* echar muchísimo de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* echar mucho de menos = be sorely missed, be sadly missed.* el último pero no el menos importante = the last but by no means least.* en todos menos en = in all but.* en un futuro más o menos cercano = in the near future, in the near future.* en un período más o menos lejano = in the near future, in the near future.* estrella venida a menos = fallen star.* figura venida a menos = fallen star.* hacerlo todo menos = stop at + nothing short of.* horas de menos aglomeración = off-peak times.* lo menos posible = as little as possible.* más o menos = more or less, of a sort, or so, of sorts, after a fashion, round about, roughly speaking, give or take.* más o menos + Adverbio = relatively + Adverbio.* más o menos cuadrado = squarish.* menos aún = let alone.* menos blandeces y más mano dura = less of the carrot, more of the stick, less of the carrot, more of the stick.* menos conocido = lesser known.* menos cultos, los = less literate, the.* menos de + Cantidad = under + Cantidad, less than + Cantidad.* menos de + Edad = on the right side of + Edad.* menos desarrollado = less developed [less-developed].* menos en = save in.* menos en el caso de que = except when.* menos favorecido = less-advantaged, less favoured [less favored].* menos hecho = rarer.* menos importante, el = least, the.* menos probable = least likely, less likely.* menos... que... = less... than....* menos rápidos, los = less fleet of foot, the.* menos sabido = lesser known.* menos usado = less used.* mucho menos = a great deal less, let alone, far less.* nada más y nada menos = as much as + Expresión Numérica.* nada más y nada menos que = in the order of + Cantidad, nothing less than.* nada más y nada menos que de = to the tune of + Cantidad.* nada más y nada menos que desde + Expresión Temporal = from as far back as + Expresión Temporal.* nada más y nada menos que + Número = as many as + Número.* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.* ni más ni menos = nothing more, nothing less, no more, no less.* ni mucho menos = by any stretch (of the imagination), by any means, not by a long shot.* Nombre + más o menos = Nombre + of sorts.* no ser menos que el vecino = keep up with + the Joneses.* no ser menos que los demás = keep up with + the Joneses.* pagar menos de lo que se debería = underpay.* para no ser menos = not to be outdone.* personaje venido a menos = fallen star.* por último pero no menos importante = last but not least.* región menos favorecida = less favoured region (LFR).* salir de donde menos Uno se lo espera = come out of + the woodwork.* ser menos + Adjetivo = be less of a(n) + Nombre.* ser nada más y nada menos que = be nothing less than.* signo menos (-) = minus sign (-), negative sign (-).* todo menos = everything except (for).* todos menos = everyone except, everybody except.* todos menos + Número = all but + Número.* último pero no el menos importante, el = final and not the least important, the.* venir a menos = retrench.* y cuanto mucho menos = much less.* y mucho menos = much less, least of all.* zona menos favorecida = less favoured area.* * *A [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ](comparativo): cada vez estudia menos she's studying less and lessquiere trabajar menos y ganar más he wants to work less and earn moreya me duele menos it doesn't hurt so much nowahora que vive en Cádiz lo vemos menos now that he's living in Cadiz we don't see him so often o we don't see so much of himeso es menos importante that's not so importantno voy a permitir que vaya, y menos aún con él I'm not going to let her go, much less with himmenos (…) QUE:un hallazgo no menos importante que éste a find which is no less important than o just as important as this oneella menos que nadie puede criticarte she of all people is in no position to criticize youno pude menos que aceptar I had to accept, it was the least I could domenos (…) DE:los niños de menos de 7 años children under sevenpesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kiloséramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of uslo compraron por menos de nada they bought it for next to nothingno lo haría por menos de cien mil I wouldn't do it for less than a hundred thousandestá a menos de una hora de aquí it's less than an hour from herees menos peligroso de lo que tú crees it's not as dangerous as you thinkB [ Grammar notes (Spanish) ] (superlativo) leastes la menos complicada que he visto it is the least complicated one I have seenéste es el menos pesado de los dos this is the lighter of the twoes el que menos viene por aquí he's the one who comes around least (often)soy el que ha bebido menos de todos I've had less to drink than anyone, I'm the one who's had least to drinkes el que menos me gusta he's the one I like (the) leastse esfuerza lo menos posible he makes as little effort as possiblees lo menos que podía hacer por él it's the least I could do for himsucedió cuando menos lo esperábamos it happened when we were least expecting italimentos con menos fibra/calorías food with less fiber/fewer caloriesya hace menos frío it's not as o so cold nowrecibimos cada vez menos pedidos we are getting fewer and fewer orderscuesta tres veces menos it costs a third of the price o a third as muchmide medio metro menos it's half a meter shortera éste ponle dos cucharadas menos add two tablespoonfuls less to this onemenos (…) QUE:tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as youmenos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last yearsomos menos que ellos there are fewer of us than themno soy menos hombre que él I'm no less a man than himyo no soy menos que él he's no better than meel rincón donde hay menos luz the corner where there's least lightel partido que obtuvo menos votos the party that got (the) fewest votesesos casos son los menos cases like that are the exceptionAsírveme menos don't give me as o so muchya falta menos it won't be long nowaprobaron menos que el año pasado not so o as many passed as last year, fewer passed than last yearB ( en locs):al menos at leasta menos que unlessa menos que tú nos ayudes unless you help uscuando menos at leastde menos: me ha dado 100 pesos de menos you've given me 100 pesos too littlesiempre te da unos gramos de menos he always gives you a few grams under o too littleme has cobrado de menos you've undercharged me, you haven't charged me enoughles pagaron lo menos un millón they paid them at least a million pesosmenos mal just as wellmenos mal que no me oyó just as well o good thing o thank goodness he didn't hear menos van a dar una prórroga — ¡menos mal! they are going to give us extra time — just as well! o thank goodness for that!por lo menos at leastsi por lo menos me hubieras avisado … if you'd at least told me …había por lo menos diez mil personas there were at least ten thousand people thereir a menos to go downhillser lo de menos: eso es lo de menos, a mí lo que me preocupa es su falta de honradez that's the least of it, what worries me is his lack of integrityla fecha es lo de menos the date is the least of our/their problemstener a algn en menos to feel sb is beneath onetener algo a menos to think sth is beneath one o beneath one's dignityvenirse a menos to come down in the worldun aristócrata venido a menos an aristocrat who has come down in the world o who has fallen on hard timesun hotel/barrio venido a menoss a rundown hotel/neighborhood*A(excepto): firmaron todos menos Alonso everybody but Alonso signed, everybody signed except o but Alonsomenos estos dos, todos están en venta apart from o with the exception of these two, they are all for saletres latas de pintura, menos la que usé para la puerta three cans of paint, less what I used on the doorB8-15=-7 read as: ocho menos quince (es) igual (a) menos siete eight minus fifteen equals o is minus seven2(Esp, RPI) (en la hora) [ Vocabulary notes (Spanish) ] son las ocho menos diez/cuarto it's ten to eight/(a) quarter to eight¿tienes hora? — menos veinte do you have the time? — it's twenty tominus sign* * *
menos adverbio
1 ( comparativo) less;
ya me duele menos it hurts less now;
ahora lo vemos menos we don't see him so often now, we don't see so much of him now;
pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos;
éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us;
los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven
2 ( superlativo) least;
el que menos me gusta the one I like (the) least;
se esfuerza lo menos posible he makes as little effort as possible;
cuando menos lo esperaba when I was least expecting it
■ adjetivo invariable
1 ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less;
( en número) fewer;◊ alimentos con menos fibra/calorías food with less fiber/fewer calories;
hay menos errores there are fewer mistakes;
mide medio metro menos it's half a meter shorter;
menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year;
tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you
2 ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least;
( en número) fewest;
el que obtuvo menos votos the one who got (the) fewest votes
■ pronombre
1 ( en cantidad) less;
( en número) fewer;
ya falta menos it won't be long now
2 ( en locs)
a menos que unless;
cuando menos at least;
de menos: me dió 100 pesos de menos he gave me 100 pesos too little;
me cobró de menos he undercharged me;
lo menos the least;
menos mal just as well, thank goodness;
por lo menos at least;
eso es lo de menos that's the least of my (o our etc) problems
■ preposición
1 ( excepto):◊ todos menos Alonso everybody except o but Alonso;
menos estos dos, … apart from o with the exception of these two, …;
tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé para la puerta three cans of paint, less what I used on the door
2
b) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora):◊ son las cinco menos diez/cuarto it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five;
son menos veinte it's twenty to
menos
I adverbio
1 (en menor cantidad, grado) (con no contable) less: ayer me dolía menos, it hurt less yesterday
había menos de treinta personas, there were less than thirty people
es menos importante de lo que crees, it's less important than you think
tengo menos fuerza que antes, I have less strength than before
(con contable) fewer: mi casa tiene menos habitaciones, my house has fewer rooms
2 (superlativo) least: es el menos indicado para opinar, he's the worst person to judge
3 (sobre todo) no pienso discutir, y menos contigo, I don't want to argue, especially with you
II preposición
1 but, except: vinieron todos menos uno, they all came but one
2 Mat minus: siete menos dos, seven minus two
♦ Locuciones: eso es lo de menos, that's the least of it
a menos que, unless
al o por lo menos, at least
cada vez menos, less and less
¡menos mal!, thank goodness!
nada menos que, no less o no fewer than
no ser para menos, to be the least one could do: me invitó a cenar, ¡y no era para menos!, he invited me to dinner, which was the least he could do!
venir a menos, to lose rank, fortune or position
' menos' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
aliviar
- añorar
- cachondeo
- cada
- cantar
- contratación
- cuando
- echar
- esquivar
- estar
- extrañar
- gallo
- hipar
- historiada
- historiado
- indicada
- indicado
- infarto
- los
- mal
- más
- mucha
- mucho
- pensar
- piedra
- programa
- recochineo
- salva
- salvo
- signo
- siquiera
- su
- tan
- todavía
- vez
- cinco
- costumbre
- cuanto
- cuarto
- de
- día
- enfado
- enojo
- entre
- esperar
- estofado
- mientras
- mirar
- momento
- nada
English:
about
- absent
- agree
- alone
- anything
- anywhere
- appreciate
- at
- averse
- barring
- besides
- billion
- blind
- blue
- border
- but
- cackle
- chalk
- circuitous
- conscious
- delay
- far
- ferment
- few
- god
- good
- if
- job
- just
- last
- least
- less
- let
- let up
- mind
- minus
- minus sign
- minute
- miss
- more
- nothing
- nowadays
- of
- opposed
- or
- pretty
- put down
- rate
- recollect
- remain
* * *♦ adj inv1. [comparativo] [cantidad] less;[número] fewer;menos aire less air;menos manzanas fewer apples;menos… que… less/fewer… than…;tiene menos experiencia que tú she has less experience than you;vino menos gente que otras veces there were fewer people there than on other occasions;hace menos calor que ayer it's not as hot as it was yesterday;colócate a menos distancia stand closer;eran menos pero mejor preparadas there were fewer of them, but they were better prepared2. [superlativo] [cantidad] the least;[número] the fewest;el que compró menos libros the one who bought the fewest books;lo que menos tiempo llevó the thing that took the least time;la que menos nota sacó en el examen the girl who did (the) worst o got the worst Br marks o US grades in the exames menos hombre que tú he's less of a man than you are♦ adv1. [comparativo] less;a mí échame un poco menos give me a bit less;ahora con el bebé salen menos they go out less now they've got the baby;últimamente trabajo menos I haven't been working as o so much recently;estás menos gordo you're not as o so fat;¿a cien? no, íbamos menos rápido a hundred km/h? no, we weren't going as fast as that;menos de/que less than;Pepe es menos alto (que tú) Pepe isn't as tall (as you);Pepe es menos ambicioso (que tú) Pepe isn't as ambitious (as you), Pepe is less ambitious (than you);este vino me gusta menos (que el otro) I don't like this wine as much (as the other one), I like this wine less (than the other one);son menos de las diez it's not quite ten o'clock yet;es difícil encontrar alquileres de o [m5]por menos de 50.000 it's hard to find a place to rent for less than o under 50,000;tardamos menos de lo esperado we took less time than expected, it didn't take us as long as we expected;es menos complicado de lo que parece it's not as complicated as it seems, it's less complicated than it seems2. [superlativo]el/la/lo menos the least;ella es la menos adecuada para el cargo she's the least suitable person for the job;el menos preparado de todos/de la clase the least well trained of everyone/in the class;el menos preparado de los dos the less well trained of the two;la que menos trabaja the person o one who works (the) least;aquí es donde menos me duele this is where it hurts (the) least;él es el menos indicado para criticar he's the last person who should be criticizing;es lo menos que puedo hacer it's the least I can do;era lo menos que te podía pasar it was the least you could expect;debió costar lo menos un millón it must have cost at least a million;había algunas manzanas podridas, pero eran las menos some of the apples were rotten, but only a very few3. [indica resta] minus;tres menos dos igual a uno three minus two is one4. Esp, RP [con las horas] to;son las dos menos diez it's ten to two;son menos diez it's ten to5. Compir a menos [fiebre, lluvia] to die down;[delincuencia] to drop;¡menos mal! just as well!, thank God!;menos mal que llevo rueda de repuesto/que no te pasó nada thank God I've got a spare wheel/(that) nothing happened to you;nada menos (que) no less (than);le recibió nada menos que el Papa he was received by none other than the Pope;no es para menos not without (good) reason;no pude por menos que reírme I had to laugh;venir a menos [negocio] to go downhill;[persona] to go down in the world;no pienso montar y menos si conduces o Am [m5] manejas tú I've no intention of getting in, much less so if you're driving;hacer de menos a alguien to snub sb♦ pronhabía menos que el año pasado there were fewer than the previous year;ya queda menos it's not so far to go now♦ nm invMat minus (sign)♦ prep[excepto] except (for);todo menos eso anything but that;vinieron todos menos él everyone came except (for) o but him;menos el café, todo está incluido en el precio everything except the coffee is included in the price♦ al menos loc conjat least;costará al menos tres millones it will cost at least three million;dame al menos una hora para prepararme give me at least an hour to get ready♦ a menos que loc conjunless;no iré a menos que me acompañes I won't go unless you come with me♦ de menos loc advhay dos libros de menos there are two books missing;me han dado 80 céntimos de menos they've given me 80 cents too little, they've short-changed me by 80 cents;eso es lo de menos that's the least of it♦ por lo menos loc advat least;por lo menos pide perdón you at least ought to apologize* * *I adj1 en cantidad less;cien dólares de menos 100 dollars short, 100 dollars too little;hay cinco calcetines de menos we are five socks short2 en número fewerII adves menos guapa que Ana she is not as pretty as Ana2 sup: en cantidad least;al menos, por lo menos at least3 MAT minus;tres menos dos three minus twoIV:a menos que unless;todos menos yo everyone but o except me;echar de menos miss;tener a alguien en menos look down on s.o.;eso es lo de menos that’s the least of it;ir a menos come down in the world;ni mucho menos far from it;no es para menos quite right too;son las dos menos diez it’s ten of two, Br it’s ten to two* * *menos adv1) : lessllueve menos en agosto: it rains less in August2) : leastel coche menos caro: the least expensive car3)menos de : less than, fewer thanmenos adj1) : less, fewertengo más trabajo y menos tiempo: I have more work and less time2) : least, fewestla clase que tiene menos estudiantes: the class that has the fewest studentsmenos prep1) salvo, excepto: except2) : minusquince menos cuatro son once: fifteen minus four is elevenmenos pron1) : less, fewerno deberías aceptar menos: you shouldn't accept less2)al menos orpor lo menos : at least3)a menos que : unless* * *menos1 adv1. (comparativo) less2. (con nombres contables) fewer3. (superlativo) least4. (excepto) except5. (con la hora) to6. (en matemáticas) minusmenos2 n minus sign -
4 tanto
adj.so much, all that much, that much, as much.adv.so much, such a lot, so, so very much.pron.as much, so much, all that much, that much.m.1 portion, certain amount.2 score point, point.* * *► adjetivo1 (incontables) so much; (contables) so many■ ¡tengo tanto calor! I'm so hot!■ ¡ha pasado tanto tiempo! it's been so long!2 (comparación - incontable) as much; (- contables) as many1 (incontable) so much; (contable) so many► adverbio1 (cantidad) so much■ ¡te quiero tanto! I love you so much!2 (tiempo) so long3 (frecuencia) so often2 (cantidad imprecisa) so much, a certain amount3 (poco) bit\a las tantas familiar very late, at an unearthly houra tantos de sometime incon tanto / de tanto with so muchcuanto más... tanto más... the more... the more...en tanto / entre tanto / mientras tanto meanwhileeso es tanto como... that is like...ni tanto ni tan poco / ni tanto ni tan calvo familiar neither one extreme nor the otherno es para tanto / no hay para tanto it's not that badno será tanto it can't be as bad as you make outotro tanto as much again, the same againpor lo tanto thereforeser uno de tantos / ser una de tantos to be nothing specialtanto cuanto as much astanto más / tanto menos all the more / all the lesstanto mejor / tanto peor so much the better / so much the worsetanto si... como si... whether... or...uno de tantos / una de tantas run-of-the-milltanto por ciento percentage————————2 (cantidad imprecisa) so much, a certain amount3 (poco) bit* * *1. noun m.1) point, goal3) rate•2. (f. - tanta)adj.1) so many, so much, such2) as many, as much3. adv.1) so much2) so long•- al tanto- entre tanto
- por lo tanto
- un tanto 4. (f. - tanta)pron.so many, so much* * *1. ADJ1) [indicando gran cantidad] [en singular] so much; [en plural] so manyahora no bebo tanta leche — I don't drink so o as much milk now
tiene tanto dinero que no sabe qué hacer con él — he has so much money he doesn't know what to do with it
¡tuve tanta suerte! — I was so lucky!
¡tengo tantas cosas que hacer hoy! — I have so many things to do today!
había tantos coches que no había donde aparcar — there were so many cars that there was nowhere to park
•
tanto gusto — how do you do?, pleased to meet you2) [indicando cantidad indeterminada]hay otros tantos candidatos — there are as many more candidates, there's the same number of candidates again
2. PRON1) (=gran cantidad) [en singular] so much; [en plural] so manyvinieron tantos que no cabían en la sala — so many people came that they wouldn't all fit into the room
•
es uno de tantos — he's nothing special2) (=cantidad indeterminada)nació en el mil novecientos cuarenta y tantos — she was born in nineteen forty-something o some time in the forties
las tantas (de la madrugada o de la noche) —
el tren llegó a las tantas — the train arrived really late o in the middle of the night
-¿qué hora es? -deben de ser las tantas — "what's the time?" - "it must be pretty late"
3) [otras locuciones]•
entre tanto — meanwhile•
mientras tanto — meanwhile•
no es para tanto — [al quejarse] it's not as bad as all that; [al enfadarse] there's no need to get like that about it•
por lo tanto — so, thereforeni tanto así —
¡y tanto! —
-¿necesitarás unas vacaciones? -¡y tanto! — "do you need a holiday?" - "you bet I do!"
3. ADV1) [con verbos] [indicando duración, cantidad] so much; [indicando frecuencia] so oftense preocupa tanto que no puede dormir — he gets so worried that he can't sleep, he worries so much that he can't sleep
¡cuesta tanto comprar una casa! — buying a house is such hard work!
¡no corras tanto! — don't run so fast!
ya no vamos tanto al cine — we don't go to the cinema so o as much any more
ahora no la veo tanto — I don't see so o as much of her now, I don't see her so often now
•
tanto como, él gasta tanto como yo — he spends as much as I do o as metanto como corre, va a perder la carrera — he may be a fast runner, but he's still going to lose the race
montar 2., 3)•
tanto es así que — so much so that2) [con adjetivos, adverbios]los dos son ya mayores, aunque su mujer no tanto — the two of them are elderly, although his wife less so
•
tanto como, es difícil, pero tanto como eso no creo — it's difficult, but not that difficultes un poco tacaño, pero tanto como estafador, no — he's a bit on the mean side, but I wouldn't go so far as to call him a swindler
•
es tanto más difícil — it is all the more difficultes tanto más loable cuanto que... — it is all the more praiseworthy because...
tanto peor para ti — it's your loss o that's just too bad
3) [en locuciones conjuntivas]•
en tanto — as (being)estoy en contra de la leyes en tanto sistema represivo — I am against laws as (being) a repressive system
no puede haber democracia en tanto que siga habiendo torturas — for as long as there is torture, there can never be democracy, there cannot be democracy while there is torture
4. SM1) (=cantidad)¿qué tanto será? — LAm how much (is it)?
•
otro tanto, las máquinas costaron otro tanto — the machines cost as much again o the same again2) (=punto) (Ftbl, Hockey) goal; (Baloncesto, Tenis) point•
apuntar los tantos — to keep scoretanto a favor — goal for, point for
apuntarse 3)tanto en contra — goal against, point against
3)• estar al tanto — to be up to date
•
mantener a algn al tanto de algo — to keep sb informed about sth•
poner a algn al tanto de algo — to put sb in the picture about sth4)• un tanto — [como adv] rather
* * *I1) [see note under tan] ( aplicado a adjetivo o adverbio) so; ( aplicado a verbo) so muchsi es así, tanto mejor — if that's the case, so much the better
y si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti — and if you don't like it, too bad o (colloq) tough!
no es tan difícil — it's not that difficult
ya no salimos tanto — nowadays we don't go out so often o so much
tan/tanto... que — so... (that)
tan/tanto... como — as... as
sale tanto como tú — he goes out as much o as often as you do
2) (AmL exc RPl)qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?; ¿qué tanto hay de cierto en eso? — how much of it is true?
3) para locs ver tanto III 2)II- ta adjetivo1)a) (sing) so much; (pl) so manyhabía tanto espacio/tantos niños — there was so much space/there were so many children
tiene tanta fuerza...! — she has such strength...!
tanto/tantos... como as much/as many...as; sufro tanto como ella I suffer as much as she does; no hubo tantos turistas como el año pasado there weren't been as many o so many tourists as last year; tengo tanta suerte como tú — I'm as lucky as you are
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)tenía setenta y tantos años — he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd (colloq)
2) (sing) (fam) ( con valor plural) so manyIII- ta pronombre1)a) (sing) so much; (pl) so manyquería azúcar, pero no tanta — I wanted sugar but not that much
¿de verdad gana tanto? — does he really earn that much?
ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco — there's no need to go that far
no ser para tanto — (fam)
no te pongas así, no es para tanto — come on, there's no need to get like that about it
duele, pero no es para tanto — it hurts, but it's not that bad
tanto tienes tanto vales — you are what you own
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)cincuenta y tantas — fifty-odd, fifty or so
c) tanto ( refiriéndose a tiempo) so longaún faltan dos horas - ¿tanto? — there's still two hours to go - what? that long?
2) (en locs)en tanto + subj — as long as, so long as
entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime
hasta tanto + subj — (frml)
cuesta $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto — it costs $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much again
otro tanto cabe decir de... — the same can be said of...
IVtan siquiera: no pudo ni tan siquiera gritar he couldn't even shout; cómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers; si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!; tan sólo only; tanto es así que... so much so that...; tanto más cuanto que... — especially since...
1) ( cantidad)2) ( punto - en fútbol) goal; (- en fútbol americano) point; (- en tenis, en juegos) point3) (en locs)al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture; mantenerse al tanto de to keep up to date with; te mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informed; estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq); ya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happened; un tanto triste — somewhat o rather o a little sad
* * *I1) [see note under tan] ( aplicado a adjetivo o adverbio) so; ( aplicado a verbo) so muchsi es así, tanto mejor — if that's the case, so much the better
y si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti — and if you don't like it, too bad o (colloq) tough!
no es tan difícil — it's not that difficult
ya no salimos tanto — nowadays we don't go out so often o so much
tan/tanto... que — so... (that)
tan/tanto... como — as... as
sale tanto como tú — he goes out as much o as often as you do
2) (AmL exc RPl)qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?; ¿qué tanto hay de cierto en eso? — how much of it is true?
3) para locs ver tanto III 2)II- ta adjetivo1)a) (sing) so much; (pl) so manyhabía tanto espacio/tantos niños — there was so much space/there were so many children
tiene tanta fuerza...! — she has such strength...!
tanto/tantos... como as much/as many...as; sufro tanto como ella I suffer as much as she does; no hubo tantos turistas como el año pasado there weren't been as many o so many tourists as last year; tengo tanta suerte como tú — I'm as lucky as you are
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)tenía setenta y tantos años — he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd (colloq)
2) (sing) (fam) ( con valor plural) so manyIII- ta pronombre1)a) (sing) so much; (pl) so manyquería azúcar, pero no tanta — I wanted sugar but not that much
¿de verdad gana tanto? — does he really earn that much?
ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco — there's no need to go that far
no ser para tanto — (fam)
no te pongas así, no es para tanto — come on, there's no need to get like that about it
duele, pero no es para tanto — it hurts, but it's not that bad
tanto tienes tanto vales — you are what you own
b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas)cincuenta y tantas — fifty-odd, fifty or so
c) tanto ( refiriéndose a tiempo) so longaún faltan dos horas - ¿tanto? — there's still two hours to go - what? that long?
2) (en locs)en tanto + subj — as long as, so long as
entre tanto — meanwhile, in the meantime
hasta tanto + subj — (frml)
cuesta $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto — it costs $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much again
otro tanto cabe decir de... — the same can be said of...
IVtan siquiera: no pudo ni tan siquiera gritar he couldn't even shout; cómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers; si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!; tan sólo only; tanto es así que... so much so that...; tanto más cuanto que... — especially since...
1) ( cantidad)2) ( punto - en fútbol) goal; (- en fútbol americano) point; (- en tenis, en juegos) point3) (en locs)al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture; mantenerse al tanto de to keep up to date with; te mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informed; estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq); ya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happened; un tanto triste — somewhat o rather o a little sad
* * *tanto1* al tanto = in the know, in step.* al tanto de = on the lookout for, on the alert for, in step with.* debe por lo tanto ser una consecuencia lógica que = it must therefore follow that.* en tanto por ciento = percentage-wise.* estar al tanto = monitor + developments.* estar al tanto de = be on the lookout for, keep + track of, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* estar al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto = stay + tuned.* mantenerse al tanto de = keep in + sync, keep + a finger on the pulse of, keep + track of, stay in + step with, keep in + step with, keep + step with.* mantenerse al tanto de las cosas = stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* mantenerse al tanto de las noticias = keep up with + the news.* mantenerse al tanto de los avances = track + developments.* mientras tanto = in (the) meantime, meantime, ad interim.* no estar al tanto de = be out of touch with.* otros tantos = as many.* poner a Alguien al tanto de = fill + Alguien + in on.* poner al tanto (de) = bring into + the swim of, bring + Nombre + up to speed (on), get + Nombre + up to speed on.* poner al tanto sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* ponerse al tanto = get + up to speed, wise up.* ponerse al tanto de = get up to + speed on.* por lo tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.* por tanto = consequently, ergo, so, then, thereby, therefore, thus, it follows that.tanto2= so much, so + Participio, quite so much.Ex: It is rather a pity that book reviewers tend to ignore this very popular genre so much.
Ex: On the other hand, 626 is now unused, for the subject to which it was originally allocated, Canal engineering, has so decreased in importance that it no longer justifies a separate heading.Ex: But we are not then acting quite so much out of blindness or inarticulateness; we are selfishly or fearfully or wilfully trying to short-circuit what we know underneath to be more nearly the true state of things.* cada tanto = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cada tantos minutos = every few minutes.* cada tantos + Período de Tiempo = every few + Período de Tiempo.* cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and then, every now and again, every once in a while.* cambiar tanto que resulta irreconocible = change + beyond (all) recognition.* con tan buenos resultados = to such good effect.* con tan poca antelación = at such short notice.* con tan poca anticipación = at such short notice.* con tanta frecuencia = so often.* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.* dinero que tanto ha costado ganar = hard-earned money.* durante tanto tiempo = for so long, so long.* durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.* en tanto en cuanto = as long as, so long as.* en tanto en cuanto que = inasmuch as, insomuch as.* en tanto en cuanto + Subjuntivo = provided (that).* en tanto que = insofar as [in so far as].* es por lo tanto deducible = it therefore follows that.* es por lo tanto lógico que = it therefore follows that.* estar mareado de tanto trabajo = be reeling.* estar tan bueno que no se puede dejar de comer = moreish, moreish.* nada menos que + Nombre + tan + Adjetivo + como = no less + Adjetivo + Nombre + than.* no ser tan bueno como se dice = not + it's cracked up to be.* no tan bueno = not-so-good.* quedarse tan fresco = not bat an eyelash, not bat an eyelid.* ser tan buen momento como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* tan = all too + Adjetivo.* tan + Adjetivo = most + Adjetivo, so + Adjetivo, as + Adjetivo + as that.* tan + Adjetivo/Adverbio = all that + Adjetivo/Adverbio.* tan + Adjetivo + como = as + Adjetivo + as, every bit as + Adjetivo + as.* tan + Adjetivo + como de costumbre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan + Adjetivo + como siempre = as + Adjetivo + as ever.* tan + Adverbio = ever so + Adverbio.* tan amado de todos = so beloved of all.* tan amado por todos = so beloved of all.* tan a menudo = so often.* tan anunciado = much-vaunted, much-touted, long-heralded, much-heralded.* tan astuto como un zorro = as sly as a fox, as wily as a fox.* tan borracho como una cuba = as drunk as a lord, as drunk as a newt, as drunk as a skunk.* tan bueno como ningún otro = as good as any.* tan cacareado = much-vaunted, much-touted, long-heralded, much-heralded, much acclaimed.* tan claro como el agua = as clear as a bell.* tan duro como el pedernal = as hard as nails.* tan duro como la piedra = as hard as nails.* tan duro como la suela de un zapato = as tough as leather, as tough as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tan duro como una piedra = as hard as nails, as tough as nuts, as tough as nails, as tough as leather, as tough as old boots, as tough as shoe leather.* tan fácil como coser y cantar = as simple as ABC.* tan famoso = much acclaimed.* tan fresco = as cool as a cucumber.* tan inocente como un bebé = as innocent as a lamb.* tan lejano como = as far afield as.* tan lejos como = as far away as.* tan manso como un cordero = as meek as a lamb.* tan pancho = as cool as a cucumber, unfazed.* tan pregonado = much-vaunted.* tan pronto = quite so soon.* tan pronto como = as soon as, just as soon as, no sooner... than.* tan pronto como + Pronombre + sea posible = at + Posesivo + earliest convenience.* tan pronto como sea posible = as soon as possible (asap), at an early a juncture as possible.* tan querido de todos = so beloved of all.* tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.* tan rápido como una liebre = as quick as a wink.* tan rápido como un rayo = as quick as a wink.* tan rápido como un relámpago = as quick as a wink.* tan renombrado = much acclaimed.* tan simple como = with as little ado as.* tan sordo como una tapia = as deaf as a post.* tan sorprendente como pueda parecer = as amazing as it seems.* tan suave como el terciopelo = as smooth as silk, as soft as velvet.* tan suave como la seda = as soft as silk, as smooth as silk.* tan suave como un guante = as meek as a lamb.* tanto como = as many... as..., as much as + Adjetivo, both... and..., no less than, equally, if not, so much as.* tanto como sea posible = as far as possible.* tanto como siempre = as much as ever.* tanto es así que = so much so that.* tanto mejor = so much the better.* tanto por ciento = percentage.* tanto que = so much so that, insomuch that.* tantos = so many.* tanto tiempo = so much time, this long, such a very long time.* tan tranquilo = unfazed.* tardar tanto tiempo en = take + so long to.* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the machine.* uno más de tantos en la organización = a cog in the wheel.* un tanto + Adjetivo = vaguely + Adjetivo.tanto33 = goal.Ex: Kristen Taylor leads Carolina with three goals and an assist.
* encargado de anotar los tantos = scorer.* marcar un tanto = score, poach + a goal, score + goal.* tanto de la victoria = winning goal.* tanto del empate = equaliser [equalizer, -USA].* * *es tan difícil de describir it's so difficult to describe¡es una chica tan amable! she's such a nice girl!¡te he echado tanto de menos! I've missed you so much!si es así, tanto mejor if that's the case, so much the bettery si no te gusta, tanto peor para ti and if you don't like it, too bad o ( colloq) tough!vamos, no es tan difícil come on, it's not that difficult¡y tanto! and how!el tan esperado acontecimiento the long-awaited eventya no cenamos afuera tanto nowadays we don't eat out so often o so muchde tanto que habla te marea he talks so much he makes your head spines tanto más importante cuanto que es su única fuente de ingresos ( frml); it is all the more important because it is his only source of incomeno deberías trabajar/gastar tanto you shouldn't work so hard/spend so muchtan/tanto … QUE:llegó tan tarde que ya no había nadie he arrived so late (that) everybody had gonetanto insistió que no tuve más remedio que quedarme he was so insistent that I just had to staytan/tanto … COMO:no es tan tímida como parece she's not as shy as she lookssale tanto como tú/como se lo permiten los compromisos he goes out as much o as often as you do/as his commitments allowtan pronto como le sea posible as soon as you can, as soon as possibleno han mejorado tanto como para poder ganar el torneo they haven't improved enough to win the tournamenttanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra both Suárez and Vargas voted againstte lo cobran tanto si lo comes como si no lo comes they charge you for it whether you eat it or notB( AmL exc CS): qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?es difícil decir qué tanto hay de autobiográfico en la novela it is difficult to say how much of the novel is autobiographicalA1 ( sing) so much; (pl) so manyno sabía que había tanto espacio/tantas habitaciones I didn't know there was so much space/there were so many roomshabía tantísima gente ( fam); there were so many o such a lot of people¡tiene tanta fuerza …! she has such strength …!, she is so strong …!¡tanto tiempo sin verte! it's been so long!, it's been such a long time!tanto … QUE:comió tanto chocolate que le hizo mal he ate so much chocolate (that) it made him illtanto … COMO:tengo tanto derecho como el que más I've got as much right as anyone else o as the next manno ha habido tantos turistas como el año pasado there haven't been as many o so many tourists as last year2 ( fam)(expresando cantidades indeterminadas): tenía setenta y tantos años he was seventy something, he was seventy-odd ( colloq)mil quinientos y tantos pesos one thousand five hundred and something pesos, fifteen hundred something pesos ( AmE)había tanto mosquito que no pudimos dormir there were so many mosquitoes we couldn't sleepA1 ( sing) so much; (pl) so many¿no querías azúcar? — sí, pero no tanta didn't you want sugar? — yes, but not that muchvinieron tantos que no alcanzaron los asientos so many people came there weren't enough seatses uno de tantos he's one of many¡tengo tanto que hacer! I've so much to do!¿de verdad gana tanto? does he really earn that much?ni tanto ni tan calvo or tan poco there's no need to go that farno es para tanto ( fam): no te pongas así, hombre; tampoco es para tanto come on, there's no need to get like that about itduele un poco, pero no es para tanto it hurts a bit, but it's not that badno pinta mal pero tampoco es para tanto she's not a bad artist but she's not that goodtanto tienes, tanto vales you are what you own2 ( fam)(expresando cantidades indeterminadas): hasta las tantas de la madrugada until the early hours of the morningte cobran tanto por folio/por minuto they charge you so much a sheet/a minuteen el año mil ochocientos treinta y tantos in eighteen thirty-somethingcincuenta y tantas fifty-odd, fifty or so3tanto (refiriéndose a tiempo) so longhace tanto que no me llama she hasn't called me for such a long time o for so long, it's been so long since she called metodavía faltan dos horas — ¿tanto? there's still two hours to go — what? that long?B ( en locs):en tanto whileen tanto ella atendía a los clientes, él cocinaba while she served the customers, he did the cookingen tanto + SUBJ as long as, so long asen tanto tú estés aquí as long as you're hereentre tanto meanwhile, in the meantimehasta tanto + SUBJ( frml): hasta tanto (no) se solucione este conflicto until this conflict is solvedotro tanto: otro tanto cabe decir de su política exterior the same can be said of their foreign policyme queda otro tanto por hacer I have as many again still to docuesta unos $15 y las pilas, casi otro tanto it costs about $15 and then the batteries cost nearly as much againpor (lo) tanto thereforetan siquiera: ¡si tan siquiera me hubieras prevenido! if only you'd warned me!no le escribió ni tan siquiera una notita he didn't even write her a little notecómprale tan siquiera unas flores at least buy her some flowers o buy her some flowers, at leasttan sólo onlytenía tan sólo cuatro años he was only four years oldpor tan sólo dos mil pesos for only o for as little as two thousand pesostanto es así or tan así es so much sose sentía mal, tanto es así que no quiso comer she felt ill, so much so that she didn't want anything to eattanto más cuanto que specially since, all the more so becausees importante, tanto más cuanto que es su única fuente de ingresos it's important, specially since o all the more so because it's his only source of incomeA(cantidad): recibe un tanto por ciento por cada venta she gets a percentage o a certain percentage on every saletienes que entregar un tanto de depósito you have to put down so much o a certain amount as a depositapuntarse un tanto to score a pointC ( en locs):al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the pictureme mantengo al tanto de lo que pasa en el mundo I keep abreast of o I keep up to date with what is going on in the worldte mantendré al tanto I'll keep you informedya está al tanto de lo ocurrido he already knows what's happenedestáte al tanto para cuando venga keep an eye out for him ( colloq)un tanto somewhat, rather, a littleun tanto triste somewhat o rather o a little sad* * *
tanto 1 adverbio
1 [ see note under
( aplicado a verbo) so much;
¡es una chica tan amable! she's such a nice girl!;
tanto mejor so much the better;
tan solo only;
tanto es así que … so much so that …;
ya no salimos tanto we don't go out so often o so much now;
llegó tan tarde que … he arrived so late (that) …;
no es tan tímida como parece she's not as shy as she looks;
sale tanto como tú he goes out as much as you do;
tan pronto como puedas as soon as you can;
tanto Suárez como Vargas votaron en contra both Suárez and Vargas voted against
2 (AmL exc RPl)◊ qué tanto/qué tan: ¿qué tanto te duele? how much does it hurt?;
¿qué tan alto es? how tall is he?
■ sustantivo masculino
1 ( cantidad):
hay que dejar un tanto de depósito you have to put down a certain amount as a deposit
2 ( punto — en fútbol) goal;
(— en fútbol americano, tenis, juegos) point
3 ( en locs)◊ al tanto: me puso al tanto she put me in the picture;
mantenerse al tanto de algo to keep up to date with sth;
estar al tanto (pendiente, alerta) to be on the ball (colloq);
está al tanto de lo ocurrido he knows what's happened;
un tanto somewhat, rather;
un tanto triste somewhat sad
tanto 2◊ -ta adjetivo
(pl) so many;◊ había tanto espacio/tantos niños there was so much space/there were so many children;
¡tanto tiempo sin verte! it's been so long!;
tanto dinero/tantos turistas como … as much money/as many tourists as …b) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas):
■ pronombre
1
(pl) so many;◊ ¡tengo tanto que hacer! I've so much to do!;
vinieron tantos que … so many people came (that) …;
¿de verdad gana tanto? does he really earn that much?;
no ser para tanto (fam): duele, pero no es para tanto it hurts, but it's not that badb) (fam) ( expresando cantidades indeterminadas):
treinta y tantas thirty or soc) ( refiriéndose a tiempo):
aún faltan dos horas — ¿tanto? there's still two hours to go — what? that long?
2 ( en locs)
entre tanto meanwhile, in the meantime;
otro tanto as much again;
me queda otro tanto por hacer I have as much again still to do;
por (lo) tanto therefore
tanto,-a
I adjetivo & pron
1 (gran cantidad, mucho) (con singular) so much
(con plural) so many: ¿cómo puedes ahorrar tanto (dinero)?, how are you able to save so much money?
no necesito tantos folios, I don't need so many sheets of paper
¡hace tanto tiempo!, it's been so long!
no es para tanto, it's not that bad
2 (cantidad imprecisa) le costó cuarenta y tantos dólares, it cost her forty-odd dollars
tiene cincuenta y tantos años, he's fifty something o fifty-odd
3 (en comparaciones: con singular) as much
(: en plural) as many: tiene tantos amigos como tú, he has as many friends as you
II adverbio tanto 1 (hasta tal punto) so much: no deberías beber tanto, you shouldn't drink so much
si vienes con nosotros, tanto mejor, if you come with us, so much the better
tanto peor, so much the worse
2 (referido a tiempo) so long: tardé un mes en escribirlo, - ¿tanto?, I spent one month writing it, - so long?
(a menudo) ya no sale tanto, nowadays he doesn't go out so often
III sustantivo masculino tanto 1 Dep point
Ftb goal
2 (una cantidad determinada) a certain amount
♦ Locuciones: figurado apuntarse un tanto, to score a point
estar al tanto, to be up-to-date
poner al tanto, to put sb in the picture
a las tantas: me llamó a las tantas de la madrugada/de la noche, she phoned me in the early hours of the morning/very late at night
entre tanto, meanwhile
otro tanto, as much again
por lo tanto, therefore
tanto (...) como (...), both: tanto Pedro como María, both Pedro and María
tanto por ciento, percentage
un tanto, somewhat, rather, a bit
un tanto cansado, rather tired
¡y tanto!, and how!
' tanto' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
alquilar
- amargada
- amargado
- atonía
- bar
- calva
- calvo
- ciento
- cuñada
- cuñado
- embrutecerse
- empañar
- escarnio
- fastidio
- griterío
- gusto
- hartar
- hermano
- histórica
- histórico
- idiotizar
- licuación
- marcar
- mejor
- mientras
- mucha
- mucho
- normal
- objeto
- padre
- para
- parecerse
- permitirse
- que
- ronca
- ronco
- satisfacción
- sobrino
- tanta
- tela
- toda
- todo
- tutearse
- ver
- vencerse
- anotar
- anular
- apuntar
- arreglar
- así
English:
acquaint
- all
- alone
- as
- awaken
- ball
- better
- bog down
- both
- critical
- delay
- din
- ear
- excitement
- fall apart
- fuss over
- hence
- labour
- lie down
- meantime
- meanwhile
- monopolize
- much
- must
- name
- neither
- packaging
- picture
- point
- privy
- rupture
- score
- scorer
- so
- somewhat
- song
- spin out
- stretch out
- such
- that
- therefore
- this
- whereas
- work
- alike
- begrudge
- cope
- every
- fail
- follow
* * *tanto, -a♦ adj1. [gran cantidad] [singular] so much;[plural] so many;tanto dinero so much money, such a lot of money;tanta gente so many people;tiene tanto entusiasmo/tantos amigos que… she is so enthusiastic/has so many friends that…;Famnunca había visto tanto niño junto en mi vida I'd never seen so many children in one place;de tanto gritar se quedó afónico he lost his voice from all that shouting, he shouted so much that he lost his voice;¡tanto quejarse del tiempo y luego se mudan a Alaska! they never stop complaining about the weather and then they move to Alaska!2. [cantidad indeterminada] [singular] so much;[plural] so many;nos daban tantos pesos al día they used to give us so many pesos per day;hay cuarenta y tantos candidatos there are forty-odd o forty or so candidates;tiene treinta y tantos años she's thirty-something o thirty-odd;nos conocimos en el año sesenta y tantos we met in nineteen sixty-something3. [en comparaciones]tanto… como as much… as;tantos… como as many… as;hoy no hay tanta gente como ayer there aren't as many people today as yesterday♦ pron1. [tan gran cantidad] [singular] so much;[plural] so many;tenemos tanto de qué hablar we have so much o such a lot to talk about;¿cómo puedes tener tantos? how can you have so many?;éramos tantos que faltó comida there were so many of us we ran out of food;ser uno de tantos to be nothing special2. [cantidad indeterminada] [singular] so much;[plural] so many;si el petróleo está a tanto el barril… if oil costs so much a barrel…;a tantos de agosto on such and such a date in August;debe de andar por los cuarenta y tantos he must be forty-odd;ocurrió en el sesenta y tantos it happened in nineteen sixty-something3. [igual cantidad] [singular] as much;[plural] as many;tantos as many;tantos como desees as many as you like;había mucha gente aquí, pero allí no había tanta there were a lot of people here, but there weren't as many there;otro tanto as much again, the same again;otro tanto le ocurrió a los demás the same thing happened to the rest of them;ponme otro tanto same again, please;Famni tanto ni tan calvo there's no need to go to extremes;Esptanto monta, monta tanto it makes no difference, it's all the same to me/him/ etc♦ adv1. [mucho][tiempo] so long (that…);tanto (que…) [cantidad] so much (that…);no bebas tanto don't drink so much;de eso hace tanto que ya no me acordaba it's been so long since that happened that I don't even remember;la aprecia tanto que… he's so fond of her that…;ya no llueve tanto it's not raining as much o so hard now;ya no vienen tanto por aquí they don't come here so often o as much any more;la quiero, pero no tanto I like her, but not that much;quizás tardemos una hora en llegar – ¡no tanto! it may take us an hour to get there – it won't take that long!;¿nos denunciarán? – no creo que la cosa llegue a tanto will they report us? – I don't think it will come to that;no es para tanto [no es tan grave, malo] it's not too serious;[no te enfades] there's no need to get so upset about it, it's not such a big deal;¿el mejor escritor de la historia? yo creo que no es para tanto the best writer ever? I don't see what all the fuss is about myself;faltan cien kilómetros todavía – ¿tanto? there are still a hundred kilometres to go – as much as that?;tanto (es así) que… so much so that…;odia las fiestas, tanto es así que no celebra ni su cumpleaños he hates parties, so much so that he doesn't even celebrate his own birthday;tanto más cuanto que… all the more so because…;tanto mejor/peor so much the better/worse;si no nos quieren invitar, tanto peor para ellos if they don't want to invite us, that's their loss;¡y tanto! absolutely!, you bet!;hay cosas más importantes en la vida – ¡y tanto! there are more important things in life – there certainly are! o that's too true!me gusta tanto como a ti I like it (just) as much as you do;la casa está deteriorada, pero no tanto como para demolerla the house is in a poor state of repair, but not so as you'd want to demolish it;tanto hombres como mujeres both men and women;tanto si estoy en casa como si no whether I'm at home or notno importa qué tanto sepan de tecnología it doesn't matter how much they know about technology♦ nm1. [punto] point;[gol] goal;marcar un tanto to scoretanto directo de saque [en tenis] ace;tanto de saque [en tenis] service point2. [ventaja] point;apuntarse un tanto (a favor) to earn a point in one's favoures un tanto pesada she's a bit of a bore o rather boring;se le ve un tanto triste he seems rather sadte cobran un tanto por la reparación y otro por el desplazamiento they charge you so much o a certain amount for the repair work and on top of that a call-out charge;un tanto así [acompañado de un gesto] this muchtanto por ciento percentage;¿qué tanto por ciento de IVA llevan los libros? what percentage Br VAT o US sales tax do you pay on books?♦ al tanto loc advsiempre está al tanto de todo she always knows everything that's going on;no estoy al tanto de lo que ha pasado I'm not up to date with what happened;te mantendremos al tanto we'll keep you informed;mantenerse al tanto (de algo) to keep up to date (on sth), to keep oneself informed (about sth);poner a alguien al tanto (de algo) to inform sb (about sth)♦ en tanto que loc conj1. [mientras, hasta que] while;espera en tanto que acabamos wait while we finish2. [mientras, pero] while, whereas;él dimitió en tanto que los demás siguieron en el cargo he resigned while o whereas the others remained in their posts♦ en tanto que loc prep[como] as;en tanto que director, me corresponde la decisión as manager, it's for me to decide♦ entre tanto loc adv[mientras] meanwhile;haz las camas y entre tanto, yo lavo los platos you make the beds and, meanwhile, I'll do the dishes♦ hasta tanto loc conj[hasta que] until;hasta tanto no se reúnan until they meet♦ por (lo) tanto loc conjtherefore, so* * *comí tantos pasteles que me puse malo I ate so many candies that I was ill;no vimos tantos pájaros como ayer we didn’t see as many birds as we did yesterdayun tanto a little;uno de tantos one of many;tienes tanto you have so much;no hay tantos como ayer there aren’t as many as yesterday;a las tantas de la noche in the small hourstardó tanto como él she took as long as him;tanto mejor so much the better;no es para tanto it’s not such a big deal;a tanto no llega things aren’t as bad as that;tanto es así que … so much so that…;tanto (me) da I don’t really care;¡y tanto! yeah!, right on!:por lo tanto therefore, so;entre tanto meanwhile;ella trabajaba en tanto que él veía la televisión she was working while he was watching televisionV m1 point;marcar un tanto DEP score a point;tanto por ciento percentage2:estar al tanto be informed (de about)3:él es muy inteligente, y ella otro tanto he is very intelligent and so is she o and she is too* * *tanto adv1) : so muchtanto mejor: so much the better2) : so long¿por qué te tardaste tanto?: why did you take so long?tanto, -ta adj1) : so much, so many, suchno hagas tantas preguntas: don't ask so many questionstiene tanto encanto: he has such charm, he's so charming2) : as much, as manycome tantos dulces como yo: she eats as many sweets as I do3) : odd, however manycuarenta y tantos años: forty-odd yearstanto nm1) : certain amount2) : goal, point (in sports)3)al tanto : abreast, in the picture4)un tanto : somewhat, ratherun tanto cansado: rather tiredtanto, -ta pron1) : so much, so manytiene tanto que hacer: she has so much to do¡no me des tantos!: don't give me so many!2)entre tanto : meanwhile3)por lo tanto : therefore* * *tanto1 adj pron1. (con nombres incontables) so much2. (con nombres contables) so many¡hay tantos mosquitos! there are so many mosquitoes!tanto... como as much... as / as many... as... y tantos... somethingtanto2 adv1. (en general) so much2. (tiempo) so longtardabas tanto, que me fui you took so long, that I wenttanto... como... both... and...tanto3 n point / goal -
5 klein
I Adj.1. small (auch kleingewachsen); bes. attr. und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small; ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man; sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us; als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl); er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember; von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc. a child; kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired; da wurde er ganz klein fig. that cut him down to size; (er schwieg dann) that shut him up; könnt ihr euch klein machen? fig. can you make yourselves thin ( oder squeeze up a bit) ?2. (unbedeutend) small ( auch Stimme); Fehler, Vergehen etc.: little, minor; kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part; kleiner Bauer / Geschäftsmann small farmer / businessman; seine kleinen Intrigen / Launen his little intrigues / moods; es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start; der kleine Mann the man in the street; kleine Leute ordinary people; aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background; und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc.: short, brief8. in Wendungen: umg.: es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change; klein, aber fein good things come in small packages; klein, aber oho! umg. a mighty midget, Person: auch a pocket dynamo; Geschäft 6, ÜbelII Adv.1. small; klein gedruckt in small print; siehe auch Kleingedruckte; klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned; klein gehackt finely chopped; klein hacken chop (up) fine; klein machen (Holz) chop up; (Geldschein) change; klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc.) cut up into small pieces; ( auf) klein drehen / stellen (Herd etc.) turn down, put on low; den Benzinverbrauch klein halten keep fuel consumption low, keep down fuel consumption2. fig.: klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings; klein beigeben give in; klein denken be small-minded; Höflichkeit etc. wird bei ihr klein geschrieben politeness etc. is not one of her priorities; klein machen Kinderspr. do number one* * *short; little; small; exiguous; slight; faint; petit; runty; wee; diminutive; tiny; petty* * *[klain]1. adj1) little, small; Finger little; Format, Gehalt, Rente, Zahl, (Hand)schrift, Buchstabe small; (MUS ) Terz minorder Kleine Bär or Wagen — the Little Bear, Ursa Minor
x ist kléíner als 10 (Math) — x is less than ten
haben Sie es nicht kléíner? — don't you have anything smaller?
ein kléín bisschen or wenig — a little (bit)
ein kléín bisschen or wenig Salat — a little (bit of) salad
kléínes Geld — small change
du kléíner Teufel! — you little devil!
ein süßes kléínes Püppchen — a sweet little thing
hallo, kléíner Mann! — hello, little man
ein schönes kléínes Auto — a nice little car
mit seiner kléínen Frau — with his little wife
ich wusste nicht, dass seine Frau so kléín ist — I didn't know his wife was so small or little
eine kléíne, hübsche Wohnung — a small, pretty flat (Brit) or apartment
eine hübsche kléíne Wohnung — a nice little flat (Brit) or apartment
mein kléíner Bruder — my little brother
er ist kléíner als sein Bruder — he's smaller than his brother
kléín für sein Alter — small or little for his age
macht euch ein bisschen kléíner! — squeeze up closer
kléín aber oho (inf) — small but impressive
ganz kléín (und hässlich) werden (inf) — to look humiliated or deflated
im Kleinen — in miniature
kléíne Kinder kléíne Sorgen, große Kinder große Sorgen (prov) —
um ein Kleines zu... (geh) — a little or a trifle too...
See:kléínen Augenblick, bitte! — just one moment, please
einen Kopf kléíner als jd sein — to be a head shorter than sb
3) (= geringfügig) little, small, slight; Betrag, Summe little, smallbeim kléínsten Schreck — at the slightest or smallest shock
das kléínere Übel — the lesser evil
ein paar kléínere Fehler — a few minor mistakes
eine kléínere Unpässlichkeit — a minor ailment
er ist ein kléíner Geist — he is small-minded
der kléíne Mann — the ordinary citizen, the man in the street
ein kléíner Ganove — a small-time or petty crook
die Kleinen fängt man or werden gehängt, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) — it's always the big fish that get away
sein Vater war (ein) kléíner Beamter — his father was a minor civil servant
See:→ Fisch5) (= armselig) Verhältnisse humble, lowly, modest6) Prüfung intermediate2. adv1) (= in kleiner Schrift) smaller schreibt sehr kléín — he writes very small, his writing is very small
ein Wort kléín drucken — to print a word without a capital
kléín gedruckt — in small print
kléín gemustert — small-patterned
kléín kariert (Stoff) — finely checked or chequered (Brit) or checkered (US)
See:2)etw kléíner stellen or drehen — to turn sth down
3)kléín anfangen — to start off in a small waykléín beigeben (inf) — to give in
kléín geraten sein (Gegenstand) — to have come out a little (too) small; (Mensch) to be a bit small
kléín gewachsen — short, small; (Baum) small
* * *1) (small in size: He is only a little boy; when she was little (= a child).) little2) (not tall; smaller than usual: a short man.) short3) (little in size, degree, importance etc; not large or great: She was accompanied by a small boy of about six; There's only a small amount of sugar left; She cut the meat up small for the baby.) small4) (not doing something on a large scale: He's a small businessman.) small5) ((of the letters of the alphabet) not capital: The teacher showed the children how to write a capital G and a small g.) small* * *[klain]I. adjsie fährt ein \kleines Auto she drives a small [or little] carsie hat ein schnuckeliges \kleines Auto she's got a nice little carer ist ein \kleiner Schlingel he's a little rascalim \kleinen Format in a small format▪ \klein geschnitten finely choppedetw \klein hacken to chop up sth sep\klein gehackte Zwiebeln finely chopped onionsim K\kleinen on a small scalebis ins K\kleinste [right] down to the smallest detail, in minute detaileinen Kopf \kleiner sein als jd to be a head shorter than sbder \kleine Peter/die \kleine Anna little Peter/Anna[jdm] etw \klein schneiden to cut up sth sep [into small pieces] [for sb]; s.a. Bier, Buchstabe, Finger, Terz, Zeh2. (Kleidung) smallhaben Sie das gleiche Modell auch in \kleiner? do you have the same style but in a size smaller?▪ jdm zu \klein sein to be too small for sbetw \kleiner machen to make sth smaller, to take in [or up] sth sepsein \kleiner Bruder his little [or younger] brothervon \klein auf from childhood [or an early age4. (kurz) shortein \kleiner Vorsprung a short [or small] start5. (kurz dauernd) shorteine \kleine Pause machen to have a short [or little] breakein \klein[es] bisschen [o \klein wenig] a little bit7. (geringer Betrag) smallein \kleines Gehalt a small [or low] salary8. (Wechselgeld) smallhaben Sie es nicht \kleiner? haven't you got anything smaller?9. (geringfügig) smalldie \kleinste Bewegung the slightest movementein \kleiner Fehler/Verstoß a minor mistake/violationeine \kleine Übelkeit a slight feeling of nauseaer fing als \kleiner Portier in dem Hotel an his first job in the hotel was as a lowly porterein \kleiner Bauer a small farmerein \kleiner Ganove a petty [or small-time] crookdie \kleinen Leute ordinary peopleaus \kleinen Verhältnissen stammen to come from a humble background11. (erniedrigt) small12. (weniger intensiv) low13. (in kleiner Schrift)etw \klein schreiben to write sth in small letters14. MATH\kleinste Fehlerquadrate least error squares\kleinster gemeinsamer Nenner lowest common denominator\kleinstes gemeinsames Vielfaches lowest common multiple15.▶ im K\kleinen wie im Großen in little things as well as in big ones▶ die K\kleinen [o \kleinen Gauner] hängt man, die Großen lässt man laufen (prov) the small fry get caught, while the big fish get away▶ \klein, aber oho (fam) small but eminently capable [or he/she packs a powerful punch]; s.a. Fakultas, LatinumII. adv▶ \klein anfangen (fam: seine Karriere ganz unten beginnen) to start at the bottom; (mit ganz wenig beginnen) to start off in a small way▶ \klein beigeben to give in [quietly]* * *1.das Kleid ist mir zu klein — the dress is too small for me
ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
auf kleinstem Raum — in the minimum of space
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>4) (von geringer Menge) small <family, amount, audience, staff>; small, low < salary>; low < price>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small < party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor < event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *A. adj1. small (auch klein gewachsen); besonders attr und gefühlsbetont: little; (winzig) tiny; Finger, Zehe: little; Buchstabe: small;ein rundlicher kleiner Mann a chubby little man;sie ist von uns allen die Kleinste she is the smallest of us;als ich noch klein war when I was a little boy ( oder girl);er ist doch noch klein he’s only small ( oder a child); zu einem Kind: he’s much smaller than you, remember;von klein auf from an early age, since childhood, since I was etc a child;kleine Augen haben (müde aussehen) look tired;kleine Rolle small ( oder bit) part;kleiner Bauer/Geschäftsmann small farmer/businessman;seine kleinen Intrigen/Launen his little intrigues/moods;es ist ein kleiner Anfang it’s just a start;der kleine Mann the man in the street;kleine Leute ordinary people;aus kleinen Verhältnissen stammen come from a humble background;und er hat daran kein kleines Verdienst and it’s no small thanks to him3. (jünger) little, younger;mein kleiner Bruder my little ( oder younger) brother4. Pause, Unterbrechung etc: short, brief5. (gering) small;auf kleiner Flamme kochen cook on a low flame6.im Kleinen on a small scale, engS. in miniature;bis ins Kleinste down to the last detail7. MUS:es klein haben (Betrag) have the right change;klein, aber fein good things come in small packages;B. adv1. small;klein gedruckt in small print;klein gemustert with a small pattern, small-patterned;klein gehackt finely chopped;klein gewachsen small, short;klein hacken chop (up) fine;klein schneiden (Holz, Fleisch etc) cut up into small pieces;2. fig:klein anfangen start off small, start from small beginnings;klein beigeben give in;klein machen kinderspr do number one* * *1.1) little; small <format, letter>; little <finger, toe>; small, short < steps>ein kleines Bier — a small beer; ≈ a half[-pint]
etwas klein hacken — chop something up [small]
Zwiebeln klein schneiden — chop up onions [small]
etwas klein machen — cut something up small; (ugs.): (aufbrauchen) get through or (sl.) blow something
sie ist klein [von Gestalt/für ihr Alter] — she is small [in stature/for her age]
er ist [einen Kopf] kleiner als ich — he is [a head] shorter than me or shorter than I am [by a head]
im Kleinen — in miniature; on a small scale
klein, aber oho — he/she may be small, but he/she certainly makes up for it
klein, aber fein — little, but very nice
2) (jung) little <brother, sister>als ich [noch] klein war — when I was small or little
von klein auf — from an early age; s. auch Kleine I, 2, III
3) (von kurzer Dauer) little, short < while>; short <walk, break>; short, brief <delay, introduction>; brief < moment>4) (von geringer Menge) small <family, amount, audience, staff>; small, low < salary>; low < price>kleines Geld haben — have some [small] change
einen Schein klein machen — (ugs.): (wechseln) change a note
kann mir jemand ein Fünfzigeuroschein klein machen? — (ugs.) can anyone give me change for a fifty-euro note?
haben Sie es klein? — (ugs.) do you have the right money?
5) (von geringem Ausmaß) light < refreshment>; small <party, gift>; scant, little < attention>; slight <cold, indisposition>; slight, small <mistake, irregularity>; minor <event, error>das kleinere Übel — the lesser evil; the lesser of the two evils
ein klein[es] bisschen — a little or tiny bit
bis ins Kleinste — down to the smallest or tiniest detail
der kleine Mann — the ordinary citizen; the man in the street
die kleinen Leute — ordinary people; the man sing. in the street
klein anfangen — (ugs.) start off in a small way
7)ganz klein [und hässlich] werden — become meek and subdued
8)2.ein kleiner Geist — (engstirnig) a narrow-minded person; (beschränkt) a person of limited intellect
die Heizung klein/kleiner [ein]stellen — turn the heating down low/lower
klein gedruckt — in small print postpos.
klein kariert — <skirt, shirt, etc.> with a small check
klein machen — (Kinderspr.) do number one
klein geschrieben werden — (ugs.) count for [very] little ( bei with); (child lang.); s. auch beigeben 2.
* * *adj.little adj.lower adj.petite adj.petty adj.short adj.slight adj.small adj.small-sized adj.smallish adj.wee adj. -
6 menos
menos adverbio 1 ( comparativo) less; ya me duele menos it hurts less now; ahora lo vemos menos we don't see him so often now, we don't see so much of him now; pesa menos de 50 kilos it weighs less than o under 50 kilos; éramos menos de diez there were fewer than ten of us; los niños de menos de 7 años children under seven 2 ( superlativo) least; el que menos me gusta the one I like (the) least; se esfuerza lo menos posible he makes as little effort as possible; cuando menos lo esperaba when I was least expecting it ■ adjetivo invariable 1 ( comparativo) ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) fewer;◊ alimentos con menos fibra/calorías food with less fiber/fewer calories;hay menos errores there are fewer mistakes; mide medio metro menos it's half a meter shorter; menos estudiantes que el año pasado fewer students than last year; tengo menos tiempo que tú I haven't as o so much time as you 2 ( superlativo) ( en cantidad) least; ( en número) fewest; el que obtuvo menos votos the one who got (the) fewest votes ■ pronombre 1 ( en cantidad) less; ( en número) fewer; ya falta menos it won't be long now 2 ( en locs) a menos que unless; cuando menos at least; de menos: me dió 100 pesos de menos he gave me 100 pesos too little; me cobró de menos he undercharged me; lo menos the least; menos mal just as well, thank goodness; por lo menos at least; eso es lo de menos that's the least of my (o our etc) problems ■ preposición 1 ( excepto):◊ todos menos Alonso everybody except o but Alonso;menos estos dos, … apart from o with the exception of these two, …; tres latas de pintura, menos la que usé para la puerta three cans of paint, less what I used on the door 2b) (Esp, RPl) ( en la hora):◊ son las cinco menos diez/cuarto it's ten to five/(a) quarter to five;son menos veinte it's twenty to
menos
I adverbio
1 (en menor cantidad, grado) (con no contable) less: ayer me dolía menos, it hurt less yesterday
había menos de treinta personas, there were less than thirty people
es menos importante de lo que crees, it's less important than you think
tengo menos fuerza que antes, I have less strength than before (con contable) fewer: mi casa tiene menos habitaciones, my house has fewer rooms
2 (superlativo) least: es el menos indicado para opinar, he's the worst person to judge
3 (sobre todo) no pienso discutir, y menos contigo, I don't want to argue, especially with you
II preposición
1 but, except: vinieron todos menos uno, they all came but one
2 Mat minus: siete menos dos, seven minus two Locuciones: eso es lo de menos, that's the least of it
a menos que, unless
al o por lo menos, at least
cada vez menos, less and less
¡menos mal!, thank goodness!
nada menos que, no less o no fewer than
no ser para menos, to be the least one could do: me invitó a cenar, ¡y no era para menos!, he invited me to dinner, which was the least he could do!
venir a menos, to lose rank, fortune or position ' menos' also found in these entries: Spanish: aliviar - añorar - cachondeo - cada - cantar - contratación - cuando - echar - esquivar - estar - extrañar - gallo - hipar - historiada - historiado - indicada - indicado - infarto - los - mal - más - mucha - mucho - pensar - piedra - programa - recochineo - salva - salvo - signo - siquiera - su - tan - todavía - vez - cinco - costumbre - cuanto - cuarto - de - día - enfado - enojo - entre - esperar - estofado - mientras - mirar - momento - nada English: about - absent - agree - alone - anything - anywhere - appreciate - at - averse - barring - besides - billion - blind - blue - border - but - cackle - chalk - circuitous - conscious - delay - far - ferment - few - god - good - if - job - just - last - least - less - let - let up - mind - minus - minus sign - minute - miss - more - nothing - nowadays - of - opposed - or - pretty - put down - rate - recollect - remain -
7 probabilidad
f.probability (gen) & (Mat).* * *1 probability* * *noun f.probability, likelihood* * *SF1) (=capacidad de suceder) likelihood, probabilitynubes y claros con pocas probabilidades de lluvia — cloud and sunny periods with little likelihood of rain
2) (=oportunidad) chance, prospectprobabilidades de vida — expectation of life, life expectancy
* * *femenino (Mat) probabilitycon toda probabilidad — in all probability o likelihood
¿qué probabilidades tiene de ganar? — what are her chances of winning?
existen pocas probabilidades de que sea encontrado con vida — (frml) the possibility of him being found alive is very remote (frml)
* * *= chance, likelihood, probability, incidence, odds, maybe.Ex. In some authority files (titles, ISBN/ISSN, national bibliographic record numbers), no search of the file is made because there is little chance of finding the new entry in the file.Ex. The intercession of the external agency places a further link in the chain between author and end-user, and hence must increase the likelihood of delay.Ex. Our system should be one which reduces the probability of error as far a possible.Ex. This enabled them to re-establish their own identities and relieved them of the incidence of getting involved in 'library business'.Ex. If the author was known but not the title the odds in favour of a positive response were two to one.Ex. Instead of ranking the documents retrieved in probable order of relevance, the conventional search sorts the relevant sheep from the irrelevant goats and ignores the fact that there are a lot of ' maybe's' involved.----* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.* distribución de probabilidades = possibility distribution, probability distribution.* error de probabilidad = probability of error.* escasa probabilidad = slim chance.* índice de probabilidad = expectancy ratio.* mejorar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* ninguna probabilidad = fat chance.* parecer una probabilidad = loom up + a possibility.* plantear una probabilidad = pose + possibility.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* probabilidad de citación = citability.* probabilidades a favor de = odds in favour of.* probabilidades de = odds in favour of.* probabilidades desfavorables = odds against.* probabilidades en contra de = odds against.* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* una probabilidad muy alta = a sporting chance.* * *femenino (Mat) probabilitycon toda probabilidad — in all probability o likelihood
¿qué probabilidades tiene de ganar? — what are her chances of winning?
existen pocas probabilidades de que sea encontrado con vida — (frml) the possibility of him being found alive is very remote (frml)
* * *= chance, likelihood, probability, incidence, odds, maybe.Ex: In some authority files (titles, ISBN/ISSN, national bibliographic record numbers), no search of the file is made because there is little chance of finding the new entry in the file.
Ex: The intercession of the external agency places a further link in the chain between author and end-user, and hence must increase the likelihood of delay.Ex: Our system should be one which reduces the probability of error as far a possible.Ex: This enabled them to re-establish their own identities and relieved them of the incidence of getting involved in 'library business'.Ex: If the author was known but not the title the odds in favour of a positive response were two to one.Ex: Instead of ranking the documents retrieved in probable order of relevance, the conventional search sorts the relevant sheep from the irrelevant goats and ignores the fact that there are a lot of ' maybe's' involved.* aumentar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* con toda probabilidad = in all probability, probability.* disminuir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* disminuir las probabilidades = lengthen + the odds.* distribución de probabilidades = possibility distribution, probability distribution.* error de probabilidad = probability of error.* escasa probabilidad = slim chance.* índice de probabilidad = expectancy ratio.* mejorar las probabilidades = shorten + the odds.* ninguna probabilidad = fat chance.* parecer una probabilidad = loom up + a possibility.* plantear una probabilidad = pose + possibility.* poca probabilidad = slim chance.* probabilidad de citación = citability.* probabilidades a favor de = odds in favour of.* probabilidades de = odds in favour of.* probabilidades desfavorables = odds against.* probabilidades en contra de = odds against.* reducir la probabilidad = reduce + chances.* una probabilidad muy alta = a sporting chance.* * *( Mat) probabilityes una posibilidad más que una probabilidad it's more a possibility than a probabilitycon toda probabilidad llegará mañana in all probability o likelihood it will arrive tomorrow¿qué probabilidad or probabilidades tiene de ganar? what are her chances of winning?existe poca probabilidad or existen pocas probabilidades de que sea encontrado con vida ( frml); the possibility of him being found alive is very remote ( frml), there is little possibility that he will be found alive, there is little prospect of finding him alive* * *
probabilidad sustantivo femenino (Mat) probability;◊ con toda probabilidad in all probability o likelihood;
¿qué probabilidades tiene de ganar? what are her chances of winning?
probabilidad sustantivo femenino probability: tenía pocas probabilidades de ganar, he didn't have much chance of winning
♦ Locuciones: con toda probabilidad, in all likelihood
' probabilidad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
poder
- seguramente
- deber
English:
likelihood
- may
- must
- ought
- probability
- reasonable
- should
- work out
- would
- to
* * *probabilidad nf1. [posibilidad] probability, likelihood;existe la probabilidad de que acabemos antes de tiempo it's probable o likely that we'll finish early;la probabilidad de que sobreviva es muy escasa there's little possibility o chance that he'll survive, it's highly unlikely that he'll survive;con toda probabilidad acabaremos mañana in all probability o likelihood we'll finish tomorrow2. Mat probability* * *f probability* * *probabilidad nf: probability* * *probabilidad n chance -
8 least
li:st
1. adjective, pronoun((something) which is the smallest or the smallest amount that exists, is possible etc: I think the least you can do is apologize!; She wanted to know how to do it with the least amount of bother.) lo menos, lo mínimo
2. adverb((somethimes with the) to the smallest or lowest degree: I like her (the) least of all the girls; That is the least important of our problems.) menos- at least- not in the least
least adv pron menosat least al menos / por lo menosnobody liked the play, least of all me a nadie le gustó la obra, al que menos a mítr[liːst]1 menor, menos1 menos■ nobody was interested, least of all him no le interesó a nadie, y a él menos■ tourism is on the rise, not least because of the new exchange rate el turismo está en alza, debido en gran parte al nuevo tipo de cambio1 lo menos■ the least you could have done was phone once in a while ¿qué menos que llamar de vez en cuando?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLat (the) least por lo menos, al menos, cuando menosnot in the least! ¡en absoluto!, ¡qué va!not least en gran parteto say the least por no decir másleast ['li:st] adv: menoswhen least expected: cuando menos se esperaleast n1) : lo menosat least: por lo menos2)to say the least : por no decir másadj.• menor adj.• menos adj.• más pequeño adj.• mínimo, -a adj.adv.• menos adv.n.• menos s.m.
I liːst1) (superl of little I II)2)a) (smallest, slightest) más mínimob) (lowest, humblest) (liter) más humilde
II
1) (superl of little II)2) ( in adv phrases)at least — por lo menos, como mínimo
he can't afford it; at least that's what he says — no puede permitírselo; al menos eso es lo que dice
am I disturbing you? - not in the least — ¿te molesto? - en lo más mínimo or en absoluto
III
1) (superl of little III)2) (before adj, adv) menos[liːst]1. ADJ1) (superl)of littlea) (=minimum, smallest amount of) menorwith the least possible delay — con el menor retraso posible, a la mayor brevedad posible frm
choose yoghurts which contain the least fat — elija los yogures que contengan la menor cantidad de grasa
b) (=smallest, slightest) [idea, hint, complaint] más mínimo•
she wasn't the least bit jealous — no estaba celosa en lo más mínimo•
we haven't the least idea where he is — no tenemos la más mínima or la menor idea de dónde estálast I, 3., 1), line I, 1., 11)•
the least thing upsets her — se ofende a la mínima or por lo más mínimo2) (in comparisons) menos2. PRON1) (superl)of little II, 1., 1)"thanks, anyway" - "it was the least I could do" — -gracias de todas formas -era lo menos que podía hacer
what's the least you are willing to accept? — ¿qué es lo mínimo que estás dispuesto a aceptar?
•
that's the least of it — eso es lo de menos•
the least said the better — cuanto menos se hable de eso mejor•
accommodation was basic to say the least — el alojamiento era muy sencillo, por no decir otra cosathe country that spends the least on education — el país que menos (se) gasta en materia de enseñanza
2)• in the least, I don't mind in the least — no me importa lo más mínimo
•
"don't you mind?" - " not in the least" — -¿no te importa? -en absoluto or -para nada3)•
at least —a) (=not less than) por lo menos, como mínimo, al menosI must have slept for at least 12 hours — debo de haber dormido por lo menos or como mínimo or al menos 12 horas
he earns at least as much as you do — gana por lo menos or al menos tanto como tú
b) (=if nothing more) al menos, por lo menoswe can at least try — al menos or por lo menos podemos intentarlo
c) (=for all that) por lo menos, al menosit's rather laborious but at least it is not dangerous — requiere bastante trabajo pero por lo menos or al menos no es peligroso
d) (=anyway) al menos, por lo menosEtta appeared to be asleep, at least her eyes were shut — Etta parecía estar dormida, al menos or por lo menos tenía los ojos cerrados
e)at the (very) least — como mínimo, como poco
3.ADV menos•
least of all me — y yo menos, yo menos que nadieno one knew, least of all me — nadie lo sabía, y yo menos
•
for a variety of reasons, not least because it is cheap — por toda una serie de razones, entre ellas que es barato* * *
I [liːst]1) (superl of little I II)2)a) (smallest, slightest) más mínimob) (lowest, humblest) (liter) más humilde
II
1) (superl of little II)2) ( in adv phrases)at least — por lo menos, como mínimo
he can't afford it; at least that's what he says — no puede permitírselo; al menos eso es lo que dice
am I disturbing you? - not in the least — ¿te molesto? - en lo más mínimo or en absoluto
III
1) (superl of little III)2) (before adj, adv) menos -
9 غير
غَيْر \ another: a different one: We’ll go there another time. If this hat does not fit, try another. besides: as well as: I have two brothers besides John.. other: (in comparisons) different: He likes French cigarettes and won’t smoke any other kind. This side is dry; the other side is wet. I can’t do it now; I have other things to do. short of: less than; other than: Nothing short of a new government will save the country. un-: giving an opposite sense: ‘Unlikely’ means ‘not likely’. \ See Also آخر (آخَر) \ غَيْرُ أَجْوَف \ solid: not hollow: without holes: a solid rubber ball. \ See Also صلب (صُلْب) \ غَيْرُ أَكيد \ faint: (of thoughts and feelings) weak; uncertain: I haven’t the faintest idea where she is. uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ See Also ضعيف (ضَعِيف)، غير مؤكّد \ غَيْرُ أمْلَس \ rough: not smooth: a rough road; a rough surface. \ غَيْرُ آمن \ insecure: not safe; not supported or able to support other things: Be careful of that door - the lock is very insecure. \ غَيْرُ أُمِّيّ \ literate: able to read and write. \ غَيْرَ أنَّ \ but: yet: He came but she did not. I need food but I have no money to buy any. She is thin but strong. only: but: She wanted to buy it, only she had no money. \ غَيْرُ أهل للثّقة \ suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ بالِغ \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ بهيج \ dull: (of weather or colour) not clean or bright; cloudy: a dull day; a dull blue. \ غَيْرُ جاهز للعَمَل \ out of training: not in good condition. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ plain: (of people) not good-looking: He was a nice boy, but rather plain and not very clever. \ غَيْرُ جَمِيل \ homely: (of people, faces, etc.) not goodlooking. \ See Also جذاب (جذّاب) \ غَيْرُ حادّ \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. \ غَيْرُ حَذِر \ unwary: (esp. as a noun with the) careless; not looking out for danger or deceit: ‘Easy’ questions in an exam are often a trap for the unwary (or for unwary people). \ غَيْرُ حقيقي \ unreal: imaginary; not related to facts. \ غَيْرُ دقيق \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ ذلك \ else: other (together with the first one); besides: Who else came? Did you look anywhere else, or only under the bed?, other (instead of the first one); instead Let’s talk about something else. Peter was ill, so someone else came. If there’s no coffee, what else can I drink?. otherwise: differently: I thought it was true, but they thought otherwise. \ غَيْرُ رَسْمِيّ \ informal: without ceremony or special dress: The prince paid an informal visit to the town. private: not official; not concerning one’s work; concerning one’s home and family: In his private life, the actor is rather quiet, although in the play he is loud and angry. \ غَيْرُ سَارّ \ bad, worse, worst: (of news, weather, etc.) unpleasant. \ غَيْرُ سالِك \ impassable: (of roads) unfit for use; blocked (by snow, mud, etc.). \ غَيْرُ سَكران \ sober: not under the control of alcohol; not drunk: A car driver ought to be sober. \ غَيْرُ سليمة \ broken, break: (of language) incorrectly spoken by a foreigner: broken English. \ غَيْرُ شَرْعِيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. illegitimate: (of a child) born to a mother who is not married. \ غَيْرُ شريف \ crooked: dishonest. \ غَيْرُ شَفّاف \ opaque: not allowing light to pass through it: opaque glass. \ غَيْرُ صافٍ \ gross: (of figures or amounts) whole, before subtracting anything; the opposite of net: Your gross pay is the amount before tax is paid. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح للاستعمال \ out of order: not working: I couldn’t ring you up yesterday because our telephone was out of order. \ غَيْرُ صالح للأَكل \ inedible: not fit to eat. \ غَيْرُ صَالِح لِلْعَمَل \ out of action: not working; out of order: This telephone is out of action. \ غَيْرُ صِحّي \ insanitary: so dirty that health is put at risk: an insanitary kitchen. \ غَيْرُ صحيح \ false: wrong; incorrect: a false idea. \ غَيْرُ صَحيح \ unsound: not in good condition, not satisfactory: unsound teeth; an unsound explanation. \ See Also سَليم \ غَيْرُ ضَارّ \ harmless: causing no harm; gentle: A lamb is a harmless creature. Is this insect poison harmless to people?. \ غَيْرُ ضروريّ \ needless: useless; unnecessary (trouble, expense etc.). \ غَيْرُ طاهر \ impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ طَبيعِيّ \ artificial: adj. (of teeth, light, silk, etc.) not natural; made by man. False: not natural: false teeth. weird: very strange. \ غَيْرُ عَادِيّ \ abnormal: different from what is natural or usual: It is abnormal to have only 3 fingers on one hand. exceptional: unusual: That book is an exeptional one. It was an exceptionally hot summer. peculiar: unusual strange. remarkable: surprising; unusual and worth noticing: a remarkable change; a remarkably goodlooking child. unusual: not usual; strange. \ غَيْرُ عالِم بِـ \ ignorant of: not having heard about (a particular thing): I was ignorant of his plans. \ غَيْرُ عَمَليّ \ theoretical: adj. of theories; not learned from experience; supposed; not proved: I have only a theoretical knowledge of cooking from reading cookery books. \ غَيْرُ فَعّال \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ قابل للتصديق (غير معقول) \ incredible: too strange to be believed; unbelievable: an incredible story. \ غَيْرُ قادِر \ incapable: not able to do sth.; not having the power or nature to do sth.: flowers are incapable of growing without light. She is incapable of being unkind to people. \ غَيْرُ قادِر على الحركة \ numb: having no feeling: My fingers were numb with cold. \ غَيْرُ قانونيّ \ illegal: against the law: A crime is an illegal act. wrongful: unjust; unlawful: wrongful imprisonment. \ غَيْرُ كافٍ \ insufficient: not enough (in power, ability, etc.): insufficient knowledge; insufficient food. lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. scanty: (of a supply, of clothing, etc.) very small; not enough: He was too scantily dressed to keep warm. \ غَيْرُ كامِل \ incomplete: not complete; not perfect: This piece of work is incomplete - please finish it. His explanation is incomplete - it doesn’t explain all the facts. \ غَيْرُ كَثِيف \ sparse: thinly scattered: sparse hair; sparse grass. \ غَيْرُ كُفْء \ inefficient: not working well; wasting time or power: Old machines are often inefficient. He is an inefficient clerk. \ غَيْرُ لائق \ beneath sb.’s dignity: unsuitable for sb. to do: It was beneath the teacher’s dignity to sweep the classroom. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. \ غَيْرُ لَبِق \ awkward: (of manner or movement) showing difficulty; not skilful: He is too awkward on his feet to be a dancer. tactless: showing no understanding or skill in dealing with others: a tactless person; a tactless statement. \ غَيْرُ مُؤَدَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. \ غَيْرُ مُؤذٍ \ innocent: harmless: innocent amusements. \ غَيْرُ مؤكَّد \ uncertain: not certain; doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. Our holiday plans are still uncertain, we haven’t decided where to go. The weather is uncertain - it may rain soon. \ غَيْرُ مُؤلم \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ مأْلوف \ queer: strange, unusually and not understood: a queer noise. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَأْهول \ desert: (of an island) with nobody living on it. wild: (of plants, creatures, land, etc.) in a natural state, not under the control of man. \ غَيْرُ مُبَاشِر \ indirect: not straight or directly joined to; meaning something which is not directly said: an indirect road; the indirect result of an action; an indirect answer. \ غَيْرُ مُبَالٍ \ indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مَبْتُوت بأمْرِه \ pending: (of a doubtful matter, esp. in court) not yet settled. \ غَيْرُ مُبْهَم \ definite: certain; clear: a definite promise; a definite plan of action. \ غَيْرُ متأكِّد \ in doubt: uncertain: When in doubt, ask your father. \ غَيْرُ مُتَجَانِس \ odd: mixed; different from each other: a boxful of odd tools; two odd shoes (not a pair). \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَرِّك \ stationary: not moving: a stationary vehicle. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَفِّظ \ outspoken: (of sb. or his speech) saying just what one thinks, although it may annoy some people. \ غَيْرُ مُتَحَمِّس \ cool: unfriendly; They gave us rather a cool welcome. \ غَيْرُ متحمّس لِـ \ half-hearted: not eager; showing little effort or interest: He made a half-hearted attempt at the work. \ غَيْرُ مُتَرَابِط \ scrappy: made of scraps; incomplete; badly arranged: a scrappy meal; a scrappy report. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل \ intermittent: repeatedly stopping and starting; not continuous: intermittent rain. \ غَيْرُ مُتَّصِل بِـ \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُتَطَرِّف \ moderate: reasonable (in size or amount; in one’s customs or opinions, etc.); neither too big nor too small; neither too much nor too little: moderate prices; moderate political aims. \ غَيْرُ مُتقَن \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. \ غَيْرُ مُتْقَن (للشيء أو العمل) \ sloppy: (of a person) lacking effort or spirit; weakly lazy; (of a substance) wet and loose: a sloppy piece of work; a sloppy paste. \ غَيْرُ مُتَكَلّف \ homely: simple and friendly; making one feel at home: This little hotel has a homely feeling. \ غَيْرُ مُتَمدِّن (إنسان) \ savage: old use sb. living in an undeveloped society, seen as fierce and wild and likely to attack strangers. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَازِن \ top-heavy: so heavy at the top that it is likely to fall over: a top heavy load. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَافر \ out of stock: not in stock. \ غَيْرُ مُتَوَقَّع \ abrupt: (of movement, change, etc.) sudden and unexpected: an abrupt change of plan. unexpected: not expected; surprising that one did not think would happen: an unexpected present; something quite unexpected. \ غَيْرُ مُجْدٍ \ vain: useless; unsuccessful: a vain attempt. ineffective: not able to produce the desired effect: This medicine is quite ineffective. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَرِف \ amateur: one who works or plays for pleasure, not for money: an amateur actor. \ غَيْرُ مُحْتَمَل \ improbable: not likely to happen: That is an improbable idea. intolerable: (of heat, annoyance, rudeness, etc.) more than one can bear. \ غَيْرُ مُحَدَّد \ indefinite: adj. not clear; not fixed in time: indefinite ideas; at an indefinite date. \ غَيْرُ مَحْدُود \ infinite: endless; not measurable: I have infinite faith in his abilities. This is infinitely better than that. The infinite space of the sky. whole-hearted: full, unlimited, eager and willing: His plan had their whole-hearted support. \ غَيْرُ مُدْرِك \ unaware: not knowing: I was unaware of all the facts. He was unaware of the danger he was in. \ غَيْرُ مَرْئيّ \ invisible: unable to be seen: The sun remained invisible behind the heavy clouds. unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُرَاعٍ لشُعور الآخرين \ thoughtless: careless; not troubling about the future or about other people: a thoughtless waste of money; thoughtless cruelty. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has came undone. \ غَيْرُ مَرْبُوط \ loose: not tied; not contained in sth.: The sweets were sold loose, not packed in tins. \ See Also مقيد (مُقيَّد) \ غَيْرُ مُرْتاح \ uneasy: anxious, uncomfortable. \ غَيْرُ مُرَتَّب \ dishevelled: (of a person’s appearance, esp. hair) untidy. \ غَيْرُ مُرَكَّز \ watery: like water; containing too much water: watery milk. weak: (of liquids like tea or coffee) lacking taste or strength, because of too much water or milk. \ غَيْرُ مُريح \ inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. uncomfortable: not comfortable: This chair is very uncomfortable. I’m very uncomfortable in it. \ غَيْرُ مَسْؤُول \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَحَبّ \ unpleasant: not pleasing or enjoyable; (of people) wanting to quarrel; unkind: What an unpleasant smell! The heat of summer can be very unpleasant. That man was rather unpleasant to me. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَخْدَم \ obsolete: no longer used; out of date: an obsolete word; an obsolete custom. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَعْمَل \ archaic: very old; (esp. of words) no longer used. \ غَيْرُ مُسْتَوٍ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. rugged: rough and rocky: a rugged coast; rugged cliffs. \ غَيْرُ مُسْرَج \ bareback: (in riding horses, etc.) without a proper leather seat: The boys rode bareback. \ غَيْرُ مُسْكِر (للشَّراب) \ soft: (of drinks) not alcoholic. \ غَيْرُ مَشْرُوع \ foul: (in sport) disobeying the rules: Foul play. The whistle was blown for a foul. \ غَيْرُ مشغول \ free: not busy; not in use: If you’re free this evening, let’s go to the cinema. Is this seat free?. \ غَيْرُ مُصابٍ بِأَذى \ intact: not touched; not damaged or broken; complete: The box was broken but the contents were intact. \ غَيْرُ مَصْقول \ rough: not carefully made; not properly finished; not exact: a rough drawing; a rough guess. coarse: (of people and their manners) rough; rude: a coarse fellow; a coarse laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُصَنَّع \ crude: in its natural state: crude oil. \ غَيْرُ مَصْنُوع \ undone: not done finished; no longer fastened: He left half the work undone. Your shoe has come undone. \ See Also منجز (مُنْجَز) \ غَيْرُ مطبوخ \ raw: uncooked: raw meat. \ غَيْرُ مُطْلَق \ relative: comparative: the relative values of gold and iron. \ غَيْرُ مُعَدّ \ rambling: (of speeches, stories, etc.) not planned; wandering aimlessly: He wrote a long rambling letter about his troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُعَشَّق \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ مُعَقَّد \ simple: plain; not fine or grand: We lead a simple life in the country. \ See Also منمق (مُنَمَّق)، متكلف (مُتَكَلَّف) \ غَيْرُ مَعْقُول \ absurd: not at all sensible; foolish: The singer’s absurd clothes made us laugh. \ غَيْرُ مُغَطّى \ naked: not protected by a cover: naked sword; a naked light (whose flame is therefore dangerous). \ غَيْرُ مُفيد \ useless: worthless; fulfilling no purpose; without effect. \ غَيْرُ مَقْرُوء \ illegible: difficult or impossible to read (because the letters or figures cannot be clearly seen). \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ open: not limited: The next race is open to children of any age. It’s an open race. \ غَيْرُ مُقَيَّد \ wanton: carelessly uncontrolled;with no good reason; wild or playful, with bad resutls: Wanton behaviour causes wanton damage. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرِث \ careless: not taking care: Careless drivers cause accidents. indifferent: not caring; not interested: He was quite indifferent to his children’s troubles. \ غَيْرُ مُكْتَرَث بِه \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُلائِم \ adverse: unfavourable: an adverse report; adverse winds that delay sailing. improper: not proper; unsuitable; not polite: improper behaviour. inconvenient: causing difficulty; not what suits one: That is an inconvenient time to visit me. \ غَيْرُ مُمطِر \ dry: not wet; with no rain; with no water: a dry cloth; dry weather; a dry river. \ غَيْرُ ممكِن \ impossible: not possible. \ غَيْرُ مُمَيّز \ indiscriminate: not choosing carefully: He invited people indiscriminately to his party. \ غَيْرُ مناسب \ wrong: not correct; mistaken; unsuitable: That’s the wrong answer, and the wrong way to do it. She came in the wrong clothes for riding. \ See Also ملائم (مُلائِم) \ غَيْرُ مُنْطَبِق على \ irrelevant: not concerned with, not in any way related to the subject: If you are appointing a good teacher, his height is quite irrelevant. \ غَيْرُ مُنَظَّم \ random: not planned, not regular: random visits to the city. \ See Also غَيْر مُخَطَّط \ غَيْرُ مَنْظُور \ unseen: not seen; without being seen: The prisoner escaped unseen. \ غَيْرُ مُهْتَمّ به \ perfunctory: done with little interest or care: a perfunctory piece of work. \ غَيْرُ مُهَذَّب \ impolite: not polite; rude. uncouth: lacking good manners; strange in one’s appearance: It is uncouth to push your knife into your mouth when eating. Modern young men don’t condiser it uncouth to wear their hair long. \ غَيْرُ مَوْثوق \ irresponsible: doing foolish things without thinking of the probable results; not trustworthy: It was irresponsible of you to give the child a box of matches to play with. suspect: not trustworthy; possibly the cause of trouble: a rather suspect character. \ غَيْرُ مُوجِع \ painless: causing no pain. \ غَيْرُ موجُود \ lacking: missing: The bread was enough but the butter was lacking. \ غَيْرُ مَوْصُول بالمُحَرِّك \ out of gear: with the engine separated from the driving wheels. \ غَيْرُ ناضج \ immature: not fully formed or developed. \ غَيْرُ نِظاميّ \ irregular: not regular; uneven: irregular visits; an irregular shape. \ غَيْرُ نَقِيّ \ cloudy: (of liquids) not clear. impure: not pure. \ غَيْرُ واثِق \ uncertain: not certain doubtful; undecided; changeable: I’m uncertain what time he’s coming. \ غَيْرُ واثِق من نفْسه \ insecure: feeling afraid and not sure of oneself: He’s a very insecure person, and so he always thinks other people don’t like him. \ غَيْرُ واضِح \ dull: (of the senses) not sharp: a dull pain. vague: not clearly seen or expressed or understood; (of people) having no clear ideas: She made a vague statement. He’s rather vague about his duties. \ غَيْرُ واقعي \ fictitious: imagined; not a fact; not true: a fictitious character in a book. \ غَيْرُ وِدّي \ icy: (of a voice or manner) very cold; very unfriendly. cold: unfriendly: a cold welcome; a cold heart. -
10 Historical Portugal
Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims inPortugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and theChurch (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict untilUN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU. -
11 hecho
adj.1 made, done.2 made, created.intj.1 done.2 agreed.m.1 fact, point of fact, event, happening.2 act, feat, deed, action.past part.past participle of spanish verb: hacer.* * *1 (realidad) fact2 (suceso) event, incident————————1→ link=hacer hacer► adjetivo1 (carne) done2 (persona) mature3 (frase, expresión) set4 (ropa) ready-made1 (realidad) fact2 (suceso) event, incident► interjección ¡hecho!1 done!, agreed!\a lo hecho pecho it's no use crying over spilt milk¡bien hecho! well done!de hecho in factel hecho es que... the fact is that...eso está hecho figurado that won't take long, that'll only take a minuteestar hecho,-a un,-a... to be...■ está hecho un vago he's a real waster, he's a real layabouthecho,-a a mano handmadehecho,-a a máquina machine-madehecho,-a en casa home-madehechos son amores actions speak louder than wordslo hecho hecho está what's done is doneser un hombre hecho y derecho to be a real manhecho consumado fait accomplihecho de armas feat of armsHechos de los Apóstoles RELIGIÓN Acts of the Apostles* * *1. noun m.1) fact2) deed3) event2. (f. - hecha)adj.1) done, made2) finished* * *1.PP de hacer2. ADJ1) (=realizado) donesi le dijiste que no fuera, mal hecho — if you told him not to go, then you were wrong o you shouldn't have
¡hecho! — (=de acuerdo) agreed!, it's a deal!
2) (=manufacturado) made¿de qué está hecho? — what's it made of?
3) (=acabado) done, finished; (=listo) readyel trabajo ya está hecho — the work is done o finished
¿está hecha la comida? — is dinner ready?
4) (Culin)a) (=maduro) [queso, vino] mature; [fruta] ripeb) (=cocinado)muy hecho — (=bien) well-cooked; (=demasiado) overdone
no muy hecho, poco hecho — underdone, undercooked
un filete poco o no muy hecho — a rare steak
5) (=convertido en)ella, hecha una furia, se lanzó — she hurled herself furiously
6) [persona]hecho y derecho —
7) (=acostumbrado)3. SM1) (=acto)hechos, y o que no palabras — actions speak louder than words
2) (=realidad) fact; (=suceso) eventel hecho es que... — the fact is that...
un hecho histórico — (=acontecimiento) an historic event; (=dato) a historical fact
hecho imponible — (Econ) taxable source of income
3)de hecho — in fact, as a matter of fact
de hecho, yo no sé nada de eso — in fact o as a matter of fact, I don't know anything about that
4) (Jur)* * *I1) ( manufacturado) madebien/mal hecho — well/badly made
2) ( refiriéndose a acción)lo hecho, hecho está — what's done is done
3) ( convertido en)tú estás hecho un vago — you've become o turned into a lazy devil
4) ( acostumbrado)hecho a algo — used o accustomed to something
5) (como interj) ( expresando acuerdo)IIhecho! — it's a deal!, done!
- cha adjetivo1) < ropa> ready-to-wear, off-the-rack (AmE), off-the-peg (esp BrE)hecho y derecho — < hombre> (fully) grown; < abogado> fully-fledged
3) (esp Esp) < carne> doneIIIun filete muy/poco hecho — a well-done/rare steak
1)a) (acto, acción)ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos — those are just words, I want action o I want something done
b) (suceso, acontecimiento) event2) (realidad, verdad) factel hecho es que... — the fact (of the matter) is that...
3)* * *I1) ( manufacturado) madebien/mal hecho — well/badly made
2) ( refiriéndose a acción)lo hecho, hecho está — what's done is done
3) ( convertido en)tú estás hecho un vago — you've become o turned into a lazy devil
4) ( acostumbrado)hecho a algo — used o accustomed to something
5) (como interj) ( expresando acuerdo)IIhecho! — it's a deal!, done!
- cha adjetivo1) < ropa> ready-to-wear, off-the-rack (AmE), off-the-peg (esp BrE)hecho y derecho — < hombre> (fully) grown; < abogado> fully-fledged
3) (esp Esp) < carne> doneIIIun filete muy/poco hecho — a well-done/rare steak
1)a) (acto, acción)ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos — those are just words, I want action o I want something done
b) (suceso, acontecimiento) event2) (realidad, verdad) factel hecho es que... — the fact (of the matter) is that...
3)* * *hecho11 = event, fact, deed.Ex: The concept of corporate body includes named occasional groups and events, such as meetings, conferences, congresses, expeditions, exhibitions, festivals, and fairs.
Ex: Apart from the fact that different librarians may consult different reference sources, there are other factors which may lead different cataloguers to different decisions.Ex: Books were kept for historical records of deeds done by the inhabitants: their worthy acts as well as their sins.* apuntar el hecho de que = point to + the fact that.* cegarse ante el hecho de que = blind + Pronombre + to the fact that.* de derecho pero no de hecho = in name only.* de hecho = actually, as a matter of fact, as it happened, de facto, in actual fact, in effect, in fact, indeed, in point of fact, in actuality, as it happens, as it is, effectively, for all intents and purposes, to all intents and purposes, for that matter.* del dicho al hecho hay mucho trecho = easier said than done.* del dicho al hecho hay mucho trecho = There's many a slip 'twixt cup and lip.* demostración del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.* desde el punto de vista de los hechos = factually.* dicho sin hecho no tiene provecho = actions speak louder than words.* el hecho es que = fact is, the fact is (that).* el hecho es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* en cuanto a los hechos = factually.* en el lugar de los hechos = at the scene.* enfrentarse al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.* entre el dicho y el hecho hay un gran trecho = many a slip between the cup and the lip.* enunciado de los hechos = statement of fact.* estado de hecho = rule of men.* explicar + Posesivo + versión de los hechos = explain + Posesivo + side of the story.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* hacer frente al hecho de que = face + (up to) the fact that.* hacer frente a los hechos = face + facts.* hecho casual = coincidence, chance happening.* hecho consumado = fait accompli.* hecho demostrado = established fact.* hecho ineludible = hard fact.* hecho real = brute fact.* hechos dispersos = random facts.* hechos, los = plain fact, the.* hechos reales = true story.* no prestar atención al hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* olvidarse del hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.* pareja de hecho = common-law husband, common-law wife, common-law marriage.* partiendo del hecho de que = based on the understanding that.* perder de vista el hecho de que = lose + sight of the fact that.* por el hecho de que = because of the fact that.* por el mero hecho de saber = for knowledge's sake.* presunción de hecho = prima facie.* prueba del hecho de que = evidence of the fact that.* ser un hecho ampliamente aceptado = it + be + widely agreed.* ser un hecho ampliamente reconocido = it + be + widely recognised.* ser un hecho bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser un hecho bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser un hecho poco conocido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* ser un hecho poco sabido que = it + be + a little known fact that.* sin meternos en el hecho de que = to say nothing of.* sin tener en cuenta el hecho de que = overlook + the fact that.* verificación de los hechos = fact checking.hecho22 = executed.Ex: What was pinned up ranged from sheets of paper with nothing more written on them than a title and author to elaborate and beautifully executed illustrations.
* a lo hecho, pecho = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk, you've made your bed, now you must lie in it!.* bien hecho = well-rendered, well done.* cartón hecho de paja = strawboard.* comprar Algo hecho en serie = buy + off-the-shelf.* comprar Algo ya hecho de antemano = buy + off-the-shelf.* cosa hecha = plain sailing, walkover.* dado por hecho = foregone.* dando por hecho que = based on the understanding that, on the understanding that.* dar por hecho = take for + granted.* dejar hecho polvo = screw + Nombre + up.* dicho y hecho = no sooner said than done.* estar hecho a escala = be to scale.* estar hecho con la intención de = be intended for/to.* estar hecho con la mismas dimensiones que el original = be to scale.* estar hecho el uno para el otro = be two of a kind, be a right pair.* estar hecho para = be geared to, be intended for/to, mean, be cut out for.* estar hecho polvo = be + wreck.* estar hecho un desastre = be a shambles, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus, look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, be (in) a mess.* estar hecho un esqueleto = be a bag of bones.* frase hecha = bound phrase, cliche, formulaic words, formulaic phrase.* hecho a base de parches = patchwork.* hecho a mano = hand-made, hand-drawn, handcrafted.* hecho a máquina = machine-made.* hecho a medida = customised [customized, -USA], purpose-designed, tailored, tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], bespoke, made to measure, fitted, made-to-order.* hecho añicos = shattered.* hecho a propósito = tailor-made [tailormade], custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored].* hecho cisco = wrecked.* hecho como de pasada = throwaway.* hecho de antemano = off-the-peg, ready-made.* hecho de encaje = lacy.* hecho de grava = metalled [metaled, -USA].* hecho de trozos = piecewise.* hecho de un modo gratuito = pro bono.* hecho en América = American-built.* hecho en casa = homespun, homemade.* hecho en el extranjero = foreign-made.* hecho en el Reino Unido = British-made.* hecho en lugar de otra persona = delegated.* hecho exclusivamente para = born and bred.* hecho exclusivamente para la web = Web-centric.* hecho expresamente para = intended for.* hecho para una situación específica = niche-specific.* hecho para una única ocasión = one shot.* hecho polvo = wrecked, dog tired.* hecho por el autor = author-designated, author-prepared.* hecho por el hombre = man-made.* hecho por encargo = tailor-made [tailormade], bespoke, custom-made, custom-built [custom built], custom-designed [custom designed], custom-tailored [custom tailored], made-to-order, made to measure.* hecho por la OCLC = OCLC-produced.* hecho por la propia biblioteca = in-house [inhouse].* hecho por multicopista = mimeographed.* hecho por uno mismo = home-grown [home grown/homegrown], home-produced, self-made.* hecho puré = mashed.* hecho recientemente = fresh-made.* hechos el uno para el otro = made for each other.* hecho una salsa = saucy [saucier -comp., sauciest -sup.].* hecho una sopa = drenched to the skin, wringing wet, soaked to the skin, soaking wet, wet through to the skin.* hecho un desastre = in shambles, like the wreck of the Hesperus, upside down.* hecho un toro = as strong as an ox.* hecho y derecho = full-bodied, full-scale, full-service, fully-fledged.* ir hecho un desastre = look like + drag + through a hedge backwards, look like + the wreck of the Hesperus.* lo hecho hecho está = no use crying over spilt/spilled milk.* mal hecho para = ill suited to/for.* medio hecho = halfway done, half done.* menos hecho = rarer.* páguese por el uso hecho = pay-as-you-go.* papel hecho a mano = hand-made paper.* papel hecho a máquina = machine-made paper.* papel verjurado hecho a máquina = machine-made laid paper.* ponerse hecho una fiera = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho una furia = go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un basilisco = go + ballistic, go + berserk, go + postal, lose + Posesivo + temper.* ponerse hecho un energúmeno = go + ballistic.* recién hecho = hot off the griddle.* resumen hecho para una disciplina concreta = discipline-oriented abstract.* sistema informático hecho por encargo = tailored system.* solución hecha = cut-and-dried solution.* tener Algo hecho a la medida de uno = have + Nombre + cut out.* tenerlo todo hecho = have + an easy ride.* un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.* * *ppA (manufacturado) madehecho a mano handmadehecho a máquina machine-made, machine-producedun traje hecho a (la) medida a made-to-measure suitestá muy bien/mal hecho it's very well/badly madeB(refiriéndose a una acción): ¡bien hecho! así aprenderá well done! o good for you! that'll teach himtomé la decisión yo solo — pues mal hecho, tenías que haberlo consultado I took the decision myself — well you shouldn't have (done), you should have discussed it with himlo hecho, hecho está it's no use crying over spilled milkC(convertido en): estaba hecho una fiera or furia he was livid o furiousestá hecha una foca she's got(ten) really fatse apareció hecho un mamarracho he turned up looking a real messme dejaron con los nervios hechos trizas when they finished my nerves were in tatters o in shreds o ( colloq) shot to piecestú estás hecho un vago you've become o turned into a lazy devilD (acostumbrado) hecho A algo used o accustomed TO sthun hombre muy hecho a la vida en el campo a man well used to o quite accustomed to life in the countryE ( como interj)(expresando acuerdo): ¡hecho! it's a deal!, done!A ‹ropa› ready-to-wear, off-the-pegcon ese físico se puede comprar los trajes hechos with his build he can buy ready-to-wear suits o he can buy his suits off the pegB (terminado) ‹trabajo› donehecho y derecho: un hombre hecho y derecho a grown o a fully grown manun abogado hecho y derecho a fully-fledged lawyerya es un jugador hecho y derecho he is already an inveterate o a confirmed gamblerC ( esp Esp) ‹carne› doneun filete muy/poco hecho a well-done/rare steakEA1(acto, acción): ésas son palabras y yo quiero hechos those are just words, I want actiondemuéstramelo con hechos prove it to me by doing something about itno es el hecho en sí de que me lo haya robado lo que me duele sino … it's not the actual theft that upsets me but …, it's not the fact that she stole it from me that upsets me but …2 (suceso, acontecimiento) eventhechos como la caída del gobierno de Castillo events such as the fall of the Castillo governmentlos documentos hallados en el lugar de los hechos the documents found at the scene of the crimelimítese el testigo a relatar los hechos the witness will please limit o confine his testimony to the factsCompuestos:fait accompli( frml); battle( frml); violent crime ( involving bloodshed)mpl:los hecho de los Apóstoles The Acts of the ApostlesB (realidad, verdad) factes un hecho conocido por todos it's a well-known factpara esa fecha los viajes espaciales ya eran un hecho by that time space travel was already a realityel hecho es que … the fact (of the matter) is that …es un gran conocedor del país, debido al hecho de que … he knows the country very well owing to the fact that o because …el hecho de que habla tres idiomas le da una gran ventaja the fact that he speaks three languages gives him a great advantageel hecho DE QUE + SUBJ:el hecho de que mucha gente lo compre no quiere decir que sea un buen periódico the fact that a lot of people buy it doesn't make it a good newspaper, just because a lot of people buy it doesn't mean that it's a good newspaperCde hecho: de hecho, ya es significativo que haya hecho esa propuesta the fact that he has made such a proposal is in itself significantno fue una sorpresa, de hecho, me avisaron el mes pasado it didn't come as a surprise; in fact they warned me only last monthél es el director pero de hecho la que manda es ella he's the director, but she's the one who actually runs the place, he's the director, but in reality o in actual fact she's the one who runs the place* * *
Del verbo hacer: ( conjugate hacer)
hecho es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
hacer
hecho
hacer ( conjugate hacer) verbo transitivo
1
‹casa/carretera› to build;
‹ nido› to build, make;
‹ túnel› to make, dig;
‹dibujo/plano› to do, draw;
‹ lista› to make, draw up;
‹ resumen› to do, make;
‹ película› to make;
‹nudo/lazo› to tie;
‹pan/pastel› to make, bake;
‹vino/café/tortilla› to make;
‹ cerveza› to make, brew;
hacen buena pareja they make a lovely couple
estos zapatos me hacen daño these shoes hurt my feet
2
‹ milagro› to work, perform;
‹deberes/ejercicios/limpieza› to do;
‹ mandado› to run;
‹transacción/investigación› to carry out;
‹ experimento› to do, perform;
‹ entrevista› to conduct;
‹gira/viaje› to do;
‹ regalo› to give;
‹ favor› to do;
‹ trato› to make;
aún queda mucho por hecho there is still a lot (left) to do;
dar que hecho to make a lot of work
3 (formular, expresar) ‹declaración/promesa/oferta› to make;
‹proyecto/plan› to make, draw up;
‹crítica/comentario› to make, voice;
‹ pregunta› to ask;
4
◊ hecho caca (fam) to do a poop (AmE) o (BrE) a pooh (colloq);
hecho pis or pipí (fam) to have a pee (colloq);
hecho sus necesidades (euf) to go to the bathroom o toilet (euph)
◊ las vacas hacen `mu' cows go `moo'
5 ( adquirir) ‹dinero/fortuna› to make;
‹ amigo› to make
6 (preparar, arreglar) ‹ cama› to make;
‹ maleta› to pack;◊ hice el pescado al horno I did o cooked the fish in the oven;
tengo que hecho la comida I must make lunch;
ver tb comida b
7 ( recorrer) ‹trayecto/distancia› to do, cover
8 (en cálculos, enumeraciones):◊ son 180 … y 320 hacen 500 that's 180 … and 320 is o makes 500
1
¿hacemos algo esta noche? shall we do something tonight?;
hecho ejercicio to do (some) exercise;
¿hace algún deporte? do you play o do any sports?;
See Also→ amor 1b
◊ ¿qué hace tu padre? what does your father do?
2 (realizar cierta acción, actuar de cierta manera) to do;◊ ¡eso no se hace! you shouldn't do that!;
¡qué le vamos a hecho! what can you o (frml) one do?;
toca bien el piano — antes lo hacía mejor she plays the piano well — she used to play better;
hechola buena (fam): ¡ahora sí que la hice! now I've really done it!;
See Also→ tonto sustantivo masculino, femenino
1 (transformar en, volver) to make;
hizo pedazos la carta she tore the letter into tiny pieces;
ese vestido te hace más delgada that dress makes you look thinner;
hecho algo de algo to turn sth into sth;
quiero hecho de ti un gran actor I want to make a great actor of you
2a) (obligar a, ser causa de que)
me hizo abrirla he made me open it;
me hizo llorar it made me cry;
hágalo pasar tell him to come in;
me hizo esperar tres horas she kept me waiting for three hours;
hecho que algo/algn haga algo to make sth/sb do sthb)◊ hacer hacer algo to have o get sth done/made;
hice acortar las cortinas I had o got the curtains shortened
verbo intransitivo
1 (obrar, actuar):◊ déjame hecho a mí just let me handle this o take care of this;
¿cómo se hace para que te den la beca? what do you have to do to get the scholarship?;
hiciste bien en decírmelo you did o were right to tell me;
haces mal en mentir it's wrong of you to lie
2 (fingir, simular):
haz como si no lo conocieras act as if o pretend you don't know him
3 ( servir):◊ esta sábana hará de toldo this sheet will do for o as an awning;
la escuela hizo de hospital the school served as o was used as a hospital
4 ( interpretar personaje) hecho de algo/algn to play (the part of) sth/sb
(+ compl) ( sentar):
(+ me/te/le etc)
la trucha me hizo mal (AmL) the trout didn't agree with me
hecho v impers
1 ( refiriéndose al tiempo atmosférico):◊ hace frío/sol it's cold/sunny;
hace tres grados it's three degrees;
(nos) hizo un tiempo espantoso the weather was terrible
2 ( expresando tiempo transcurrido):
hace mucho que lo conozco I've known him for a long time;
hacía años que no lo veía I hadn't seen him for o in years;
¿cuánto hace que se fue? how long ago did she leave?;
hace poco/un año a short time/a year ago;
hasta hace poco until recently
hacerse verbo pronominal
1 ( producirse) (+ me/te/le etc):
se le hizo una ampolla she got a blister;
hacérsele algo a algn (Méx): por fin se le hizo ganar el premio she finally got to win the award
2
se hizo la cirugía estética she had plastic surgery
3 ( causarse):◊ ¿qué te hiciste en el brazo? what did you do to your arm?;
¿te hiciste daño? did you hurt yourself?
4 ( refiriéndose a necesidades fisiológicas):◊ todavía se hace pis/caca (fam) she still wets/messes herself
5 ( refl) ( adquirir) to make;
1
se están haciendo viejos they are getting o growing oldb) ( resultar):
(+ me/te/le etc)
se me hace difícil creerlo I find it very hard to believec) ( impers):
se está haciendo tarde it's getting late
e) (AmL) ( pasarle a):◊ ¿qué se habrá hecho María? what can have happened to María?
2 ( acostumbrarse) hechose a algo to get used to sth
3 ( fingirse):
¿es bobo o se (lo) hace? (fam) is he stupid or just a good actor? (colloq);
hechose pasar por algn (por periodista, doctor) to pass oneself off as sb
4 ( moverse) (+ compl) to move;
5
( de amigos) to make
hecho 1
1 ( manufacturado) made;
un traje hecho a (la) medida a made-to-measure suit;
bien/mal hecho well/badly made
2 ( refiriéndose a acción):◊ ¡bien hecho! well done!;
no le avisé — pues mal hecho I didn't let him know — well you should have (done);
lo hecho, hecho está what's done is done
3 ( convertido en):
tú estás hecho un vago you've become o turned into a lazy devil
■ adjetivo
◊ un filete muy/poco hecho a well-done/rare steak
hecho 2 sustantivo masculino
1a) (acto, acción):◊ yo quiero hechos I want action, I want something done;
demuéstramelo con hechos prove it to me by doing something about it
2 (realidad, verdad) fact;
hacer
I verbo transitivo
1 (crear, fabricar, construir) to make
hacer un jersey, to make a sweater
hacer un puente, to build a bridge
2 (una acción) to do: eso no se hace, it isn't done
haz lo que quieras, do what you want
¿qué estás haciendo?, (en este momento) what are you doing?
(para vivir) what do you do (for a living)?
hace atletismo, he does athletics
hacer una carrera/ medicina, to do a degree/ medicine
3 (amigos, dinero) to make
4 (obligar, forzar) to make: hazle entrar en razón, make him see reason
5 (causar, provocar) to make: ese hombre me hace reír, that man makes me laugh
estos zapatos me hacen daño, these shoes are hurting me
no hagas llorar a tu hermana, don't make your sister cry
6 (arreglar) to make
hacer la cama, to make the bed
hacer la casa, to do the housework
7 Mat (sumar, dar como resultado) to make: y con éste hacen cincuenta, and that makes fifty
8 (producir una impresión) to make... look: ese vestido la hace mayor, that dress makes her look older
9 (en sustitución de otro verbo) to do: cuido mi jardín, me gusta hacerlo, I look after my garden, I like doing it
10 (representar) to play: Juan hizo un papel en Fuenteovejuna, Juan played a part in Fuenteovejuna
11 (actuar como) to play: no hagas el tonto, don't play the fool
12 (suponer) te hacía en casa, I thought you were at home
II verbo intransitivo
1 (en el teatro, etc) to play: hizo de Electra, she played Electra
2 ( hacer por + infinitivo) to try to: hice por ayudar, I tried to help
3 (simular) to pretend: hice como si no lo conociera, I acted as if I didn't know him
4 fam (venir bien, convenir) to be suitable: si te hace, nos vamos a verle mañana, if it's all right for you, we'll visit him tomorrow
III verbo impersonal
1 (tiempo transcurrido) ago: hace mucho (tiempo), a long time ago
hace tres semanas que no veo la televisión, I haven't watched TV for three weeks
hace tres años que comenzaron las obras, the building works started three years ago
2 (condición atmosférica) hacía mucho frío, it was very cold
¿To make o to do?
El significado básico del verbo to make es construir, fabricar algo juntando los componentes (aquí hacen unos pasteles maravillosos, they make marvellous cakes here), obligar (hazle callar, make him shut up) o convertir: Te hará más fuerte. It'll make you stronger. También se emplea en expresiones compuestas por palabras tales como dinero ( money), ruido ( a noise), cama ( the bed), esfuerzo ( an effort), promesa ( a promise), c omentario ( a comment), amor ( love), guerra ( war).
El significado del verbo to do es cumplir o ejecutar una tarea o actividad, especialmente tratándose de los deportes y las tareas domésticas: Hago mis deberes por la noche. I do my homework in the evening. ¿Quién hace la plancha en tu casa? Who does the ironing in your house? También se emplea con palabras tales como deber ( duty), deportes ( sports), examen ( an exam), favor ( a favour), sumas ( sums).
hecho,-a
I adjetivo
1 (realizado) made, done: está muy bien hecho, it's really well done
2 (acostumbrado) used: está hecho a trabajar en este clima, he's used to working in this climate
3 (cocinado, cocido) done
un filete muy/poco hecho, a well-cooked/rare steak
4 (persona) mature
5 (frase) set
(ropa) ready-made
II sustantivo masculino
1 (suceso real) fact
el hecho es que..., the fact is that...
de hecho, in fact ➣ Ver nota en actually 2 (obra, acción) act, deed
3 (acontecimiento, caso) event, incident
III interj ¡hecho!, it's a deal! o all right!
' hecho' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
acontecer
- actual
- asesinar
- braga
- bribón
- bribona
- buena
- bueno
- casera
- casero
- chapucera
- chapucero
- chapuza
- chaval
- chavala
- como
- conmoverse
- considerable
- consumada
- consumado
- Cristo
- de
- despeluchar
- desvarío
- dicha
- dicho
- documentalista
- elemento
- encubrir
- entrar
- exquisita
- exquisito
- fideo
- fiera
- flan
- furia
- haber
- habilidosa
- habilidoso
- hallar
- hecha
- higo
- hojalata
- humanamente
- incidencia
- interdisciplinaria
- interdisciplinario
- jirón
- jugarreta
- lástima
English:
accept
- action
- actual
- actually
- adjust
- admission
- admit
- advance
- angry
- appease
- asbestos
- bandwagon
- bargain
- basis
- beat
- by
- challenge
- cock-up
- collar
- come
- confirm
- cry
- custom
- cut out
- damage
- deal
- decree
- delay
- deliberately
- done
- dream
- effect
- effectively
- enforce
- established
- fact
- failure
- fait accompli
- find out
- fitted
- freshly
- fully-fledged
- good
- grown
- gumbo
- hand
- handmade
- however
- hurried
- in
* * *hecho, -a♦ participiover hacer♦ adjhecho a máquina machine-made;una película bien hecha a well-made film;¡eso está hecho! it's a deal!, you're on!;¡bien hecho! well done!;¡mal hecho, me tenías que haber avisado! you were wrong not to tell me!;¿me podrás conseguir entradas? – ¡eso está hecho! will you be able to get me tickets? – it's as good as done!;lo hecho, hecho está what is done is done;Fama lo hecho, pecho: no me gusta, pero a lo hecho, pecho I don't like it, but what's done is done;tú lo hiciste, así que a lo hecho, pecho you did it, so you'll have to take what's coming2. [acabado] mature;una mujer hecha y derecha a fully grown woman;estás hecho un artista you've become quite an artist3. [carne, pasta] done;quiero el filete muy hecho/poco hecho I'd like my steak well done/rare4. [acostumbrado]estar hecho a algo/a hacer algo to be used to sth/to doing sth;está hecha a la dureza del clima she's used to the harsh climate;no estoy hecho a levantarme tan temprano I'm not used to getting up so earlycon la compra de estos zapatos creo que estoy hecho after buying these shoes I think I've got everything I need;me faltan dos materias de la carrera y estoy hecha I need to do two more subjects in my degree and that's me done♦ nm1. [suceso] event;los hechos tuvieron lugar de madrugada the events took place in the early morning;el cuerpo de la víctima fue retirado del lugar de los hechos the victim's body was removed from the scene of the crimehecho consumado fait accompli2. [realidad, dato] fact;el hecho de que seas el jefe no te da derecho a comportarte así just because you're the boss doesn't mean you have the right to behave like that;es un hecho indiscutido que… it is an indisputable fact that…;el hecho es que… the fact is that…;hecho ineludible fact of life3. [obra] action, deed;sus hechos hablan por él his actions speak for him;queremos hechos, y no promesas we want action, not promiseslos Hechos de los Apóstoles the Acts of the Apostles; Mil hecho de armas feat of arms4.de hecho [en realidad] in fact, actually;claro que lo conozco, de hecho, fuimos juntos al colegio of course I know him, indeed o in fact we actually went to school together5. [en la práctica] de facto;es el presidente de hecho he's the de facto president♦ interjit's a deal!, you're on!;te lo vendo por un millón – ¡hecho! I'll sell it to you for a million – done! o it's a deal!* * *:hecho a mano hand-made;un traje hecho an off-the-peg suit;¡bien hecho! well done!;¡hecho!, ¡eso está hecho ! done!, it’s a deal!;a lo hecho, pecho what’s done is doneII adj finished;un hombre hecho y derecho a fully grown manIII m1 ( realidad) fact;de hecho in fact;el hecho es que the fact is that2 ( suceso) event3 ( obra) action, deed;un hecho consumado a fait accompli* * *1) : made, done2) : ready-to-wear3) : complete, finishedhecho y derecho: full-fledgedhecho nm1) : fact2) : eventhechos históricos: historic events3) : act, action4)de hecho : in fact, in reality* * *hecho1 adj1. (manufacturado) made¿de qué está hecho? what's it made of?2. (cocinado) done¡bien hecho! well done!¡hecho! done!hecho2 n1. (en general) fact2. (acto) actiondemuéstraselo con hechos y no con palabras prove it with actions, not words -
12 keep
ki:p
1. past tense, past participle - kept; verb1) (to have for a very long or indefinite period of time: He gave me the picture to keep.) guardar2) (not to give or throw away; to preserve: I kept the most interesting books; Can you keep a secret?) guardar3) (to (cause to) remain in a certain state or position: I keep this gun loaded; How do you keep cool in this heat?; Will you keep me informed of what happens?) mantener, conservar4) (to go on (performing or repeating a certain action): He kept walking.) continuar, seguir5) (to have in store: I always keep a tin of baked beans for emergencies.) guardar6) (to look after or care for: She keeps the garden beautifully; I think they keep hens.) tener; cuidar (un jardín); criar, dedicarse a criar (animales)7) (to remain in good condition: That meat won't keep in this heat unless you put it in the fridge.) conservar8) (to make entries in (a diary, accounts etc): She keeps a diary to remind her of her appointments; He kept the accounts for the club.) tener; llevar (al día)9) (to hold back or delay: Sorry to keep you.) retener, entretener10) (to provide food, clothes, housing for (someone): He has a wife and child to keep.) mantener11) (to act in the way demanded by: She kept her promise.) cumplir12) (to celebrate: to keep Christmas.) celebrar
2. noun(food and lodging: She gives her mother money every week for her keep; Our cat really earns her keep - she kills all the mice in the house.) sustento- keeper- keeping
- keep-fit
- keepsake
- for keeps
- in keeping with
- keep away
- keep back
- keep one's distance
- keep down
- keep one's end up
- keep from
- keep going
- keep hold of
- keep house for
- keep house
- keep in
- keep in mind
- keep it up
- keep off
- keep on
- keep oneself to oneself
- keep out
- keep out of
- keep time
- keep to
- keep something to oneself
- keep to oneself
- keep up
- keep up with the Joneses
- keep watch
keep1 n manutenciónI earn my keep by looking after the house a cambio de comida y cobijo, vigilo la casakeep2 vb1. quedarse / guardarI'm only lending it to you, you can't keep it sólo te lo dejo prestado, no te lo puedes quedar2. guardar / tener3. entretener / retener4. quedarse / permanecerkeep quiet! ¡cállate!5. mantener6. seguir / continuar7. conservarse / durardon't stop, keep talking no pares, sigue hablandotr[kiːp]1 (board) sustento, mantenimiento1 (not throw away) guardar2 (not give back) quedarse con4 (look after, save) guardar■ can you keep me a loaf of bread for Friday? ¿me guarda una barra de pan para el viernes?5 (put away, store) guardar■ where do you keep the glasses? ¿dónde guardas los vasos?6 (reserve) reservar■ what kept you? ¿cómo es que llegas tan tarde?8 (shop, hotel etc) tener, llevar9 (have in stock) tener, vender■ I'm afraid we don't keep cigars lo siento, pero no vendemos puros10 (support) mantener■ I don't know how they manage to keep a family on their wage no sé cómo pueden mantener una familia con lo que ganan11 (animals) tener■ our eggs are really fresh, we keep our own hens nuestros huevos son fresquísimos, tenemos gallinas12 (promise) cumplir13 (secret) guardar■ can you keep a secret? ¿sabes guardar un secreto?14 (appointment) acudir a, no faltar a■ please 'phone if you are unable to keep your appointment por favor, llame si no puede acudir a la visita15 (order) mantener16 (tradition) observar17 (with adj, verb, etc) mantener1 (do repeatedly) no dejar de; (do continuously) seguir, continuar■ don't keep interrupting me! ¡deja de interrumpirme!2 (stay fresh) conservarse■ this food will keep for five days in the fridge esta comida se conserva durante cinco días en la nevera■ I've got some news for you, but it'll keep till tomorrow tengo algo que decirte, pero puede esperar hasta mañana3 (continue in direction) continuar, seguir■ keep left/right circula por la izquierda/derecha4 (with adj, verb etc) quedarse, permanecer■ keep still! ¡estáte quieto!\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLfor keeps para siemprehow are you keeping? ¿cómo estás?keep it up! ¡ánimo!keep the change quédese con la vueltato keep going seguir (adelante)to keep one's head no perder la cabezato keep quiet callarse, no hacer ruidoto keep somebody company hacerle compañía a alguiento keep somebody from doing something impedir que alguien haga algoto keep something from somebody ocultar algo a alguiento keep something clean conservar algo limpio,-ato keep something to oneself no decir algo, guardar algo para síto keep oneself to oneself ser discreto,-ayou can't keep a good man down los buenos siempre salen adelante1) : cumplir (la palabra a uno), acudir a (una cita)2) observe: observar (una fiesta)3) guard: guardar, cuidar4) continue: mantenerto keep silence: mantener silencio5) support: mantener (una familia)6) raise: criar (animales)7) : llevar, escribir (un diario, etc.)8) retain: guardar, conservar, quedarse con9) store: guardar10) detain: hacer quedar, detener11) preserve: guardarto keep a secret: guardar un secretokeep vi1) : conservarse (dícese de los alimentos)2) continue: seguir, no dejarhe keeps on pestering us: no deja de molestarnos3)to keep from : abstenerse deI couldn't keep from laughing: no podía contener la risakeep n1) tower: torreón m (de un castillo), torre f del homenaje2) sustenance: manutención f, sustento m3)for keeps : para siempren.• torre del homenaje (Arquitectura) s.f.v.(§ p.,p.p.: kept) = conservar v.• cuidar v.• custodiar v.• detener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• guardar v.• guarecer v.• mantener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)• permanecer v.• preservar v.• sostener v.(§pres: -tengo, -tienes...-tenemos) pret: -tuv-fut/c: -tendr-•)kiːp
I
1) ( living) sustento m, manutención ffor keeps: if they win the cup again, it's theirs for keeps — si vuelven a ganar la copa, se la quedan para siempre
2) (in castle, fortress) torre f del homenaje
II
1.
(past & past p kept) transitive verb1)a) ( not throw away) \<\<receipt/ticket\>\> guardar, conservar; ( not give back) quedarse con; ( not lose) conservaryou can keep your lousy job! — (colloq) se puede guardar su porquería de trabajo!
b) (look after, reserve)2) ( store) guardarwhere do you keep the coffee? — ¿dónde guardas or tienes el café?
3) ( reserve for future use) guardar, dejar4)a) ( raise) \<\<pigs/bees\>\> criar*b) (manage, run) \<\<stall/guesthouse\>\> tener*5)a) ( support) mantener*b) ( maintain)she keeps a diary — escribe or lleva un diario
I've kept a note o record of everything — he tomado nota de todo, lo tengo todo anotado
6)a) (cause to remain, continue) mantener*to keep somebody/something + -ing: to keep somebody guessing tener* a algn en ascuas; he kept the engine running — mantuvo el motor en marcha
b) ( detain)what kept you? — ¿por qué tardaste?, ¿qué te retuvo?
they kept her in hospital — la dejaron ingresada or (CS, Méx tb) internada
7) (adhere to, fulfil) \<\<promise/vow\>\> cumplir8) (observe, celebrate) celebrar; ( Relig) guardar
2.
keep vi1) ( remain) mantenerse*to keep fit — mantenerse* en forma
to keep awake — mantenerse* despierto, no dormirse*
can't you keep quiet? — ¿no te puedes estar callado?
keep still! — estáte quieto! or quédate quieto!
2)a) ( continue) seguir*keep left/right — siga por la izquierda/derecha
to keep -ing — seguir* + ger
b) ( repeatedly)he keeps interfering — está continuamente entrometiéndose, no deja de entrometerse
I keep forgetting to bring it — nunca me acuerdo or siempre me olvido de traerlo
3)a) \<\<food\>\> conservarse (fresco)b) \<\<news/matter\>\> esperarI have something to tell you - will it keep till later? — tengo algo que decirte - ¿puede esperar a más tarde?
c) ( be in certain state of health) (colloq)how are you keeping? — ¿qué tal estás? (fam)
•Phrasal Verbs:- keep at- keep in- keep off- keep on- keep out- keep to- keep up[kiːp] (vb: pt, pp kept)1. TRANSITIVE VERBWhen keep is part of a set combination, eg to keep an appointment. to keep a promise, to keep one's seat, look up the noun.1) (=retain) [+ change, copy] quedarse con; [+ receipt] guardar; [+ business, customer, colour] conservaryou can keep the change — quédese con la vuelta or (LAm) el vuelto
is this jacket worth keeping? — ¿merece la pena guardar esta chaqueta?
he is to keep his job in spite of the incident — va a mantener or conservar el trabajo a pesar del incidente
this material will keep its colour/softness — este material conservará su color/suavidad
•
to keep sth for o.s. — quedarse con algo2) (=save, put aside) guardar, reservarI'm keeping this wine in case we have visitors — voy a guardar or reservar este vino por si tenemos visitas
•
I was keeping it for you — lo guardaba para ti3) (=have ready)where do you keep the sugar? — ¿dónde guardas el azúcar?
5) (=house)the prisoners were kept in a dark room — los prisioneros estaban encerrados en una habitación oscura
6) (=detain) tenerhe was kept in hospital over night — lo tuvieron una noche en el hospital, le hicieron pasar la noche en el hospital
7) (=delay) entretenerwhat kept you? — ¿por qué te has retrasado?
8) (=have) [+ shop, hotel, house, servant] tener; [+ pigs, bees, chickens] criar9) (=stock) tener10) (=support) [+ family, mistress] mantenerto keep o.s. — mantenerse
•
the extra money keeps me in beer and cigarettes — el dinero extra me da para (comprar) cerveza y cigarrillosour garden keeps us in vegetables all summer — el huerto nos da suficientes verduras para todo el verano
11) (=fulfil, observe) [+ promise, agreement, obligation] cumplir; [+ law, rule] observar; [+ appointment] acudir a, ir a; [+ feast day] observar12) (=not divulge)•
to keep sth from sb — ocultar algo a algn•
keep it to yourself * — no se lo digas a nadiebut he kept the news to himself — pero se guardó la noticia, pero no comunicó la noticia a nadie
13) (=maintain)a) [+ accounts] llevar; [+ diary] escribirb) with adjective mantener; (less formal) tenerto keep o.s. clean — no ensuciarse, mantenerse limpio
•
to keep inflation as low as possible — mantener la inflación tan baja como sea posible•
to keep sth safe — guardar algo bien, guardar algo en un lugar segurofixed 1., 3), happy 1., 3), post I, 2., 4)•
the garden is well kept — el jardín está muy bien cuidadoc) + -inggo 1., 24)keep him talking while I... — entretenlo hablando mientras yo...
14) (=hold)•
to keep sb at it — obligar a algn a seguir trabajandocounsel 1., 1)•
I'll keep you to your promise — haré que cumplas tu promesa15) (=prevent)•
to keep sb from doing sth — impedir que algn haga algowhat can we do to keep it from happening again — ¿qué podemos hacer para evitar que se repita?
to keep o.s. from doing sth — contener las ganas de hacer algo, aguantarse de hacer algo *
16) (=guard, protect) † guardarGod keep you! — ¡Dios te guarde!
17)to keep o.s. to o.s. — guardar las distancias
2. INTRANSITIVE VERB1) (=remain)•
it will keep fresh for weeks — se conservará fresco durante semanasb) with preposition/adverb2)to keep doing sth —
a) (=continue) seguir haciendo algokeep smiling! * — ¡no te desanimes!
keep going! — ¡no pares!
b) (=do repeatedly) no hacer más que hacer algo3) (in directions) (=continue) seguirto keep straight on — seguir todo recto or derecho
keep due north until you come to... — siga en dirección norte hasta que llegue a...
4) (=not go off) [food] conservarse fresco, conservarse bien5) * (=wait) esperarhow are you keeping? — ¿qué tal (estás)? (Sp) *, ¿como or qué tal te va? *, ¿cómo sigues? (LAm) *, ¿qué hubo? (Mex, Chile) *
she's keeping better — está mejor, se encuentra mejor
7) (=avoid)3. NOUN1) (=livelihood, food)I got £30 a week and my keep — me daban 30 libras a la semana y comida y cama
I pay £50 a week for my keep — la pensión me cuesta 50 libras a la semana
to earn one's keep — ganarse el sustento; (fig) justificar el gasto
2) (Archit) torreón m, torre f del homenaje3) (=permanently)- keep at- keep in- keep off- keep on- keep out- keep to- keep up* * *[kiːp]
I
1) ( living) sustento m, manutención ffor keeps: if they win the cup again, it's theirs for keeps — si vuelven a ganar la copa, se la quedan para siempre
2) (in castle, fortress) torre f del homenaje
II
1.
(past & past p kept) transitive verb1)a) ( not throw away) \<\<receipt/ticket\>\> guardar, conservar; ( not give back) quedarse con; ( not lose) conservaryou can keep your lousy job! — (colloq) se puede guardar su porquería de trabajo!
b) (look after, reserve)2) ( store) guardarwhere do you keep the coffee? — ¿dónde guardas or tienes el café?
3) ( reserve for future use) guardar, dejar4)a) ( raise) \<\<pigs/bees\>\> criar*b) (manage, run) \<\<stall/guesthouse\>\> tener*5)a) ( support) mantener*b) ( maintain)she keeps a diary — escribe or lleva un diario
I've kept a note o record of everything — he tomado nota de todo, lo tengo todo anotado
6)a) (cause to remain, continue) mantener*to keep somebody/something + -ing: to keep somebody guessing tener* a algn en ascuas; he kept the engine running — mantuvo el motor en marcha
b) ( detain)what kept you? — ¿por qué tardaste?, ¿qué te retuvo?
they kept her in hospital — la dejaron ingresada or (CS, Méx tb) internada
7) (adhere to, fulfil) \<\<promise/vow\>\> cumplir8) (observe, celebrate) celebrar; ( Relig) guardar
2.
keep vi1) ( remain) mantenerse*to keep fit — mantenerse* en forma
to keep awake — mantenerse* despierto, no dormirse*
can't you keep quiet? — ¿no te puedes estar callado?
keep still! — estáte quieto! or quédate quieto!
2)a) ( continue) seguir*keep left/right — siga por la izquierda/derecha
to keep -ing — seguir* + ger
b) ( repeatedly)he keeps interfering — está continuamente entrometiéndose, no deja de entrometerse
I keep forgetting to bring it — nunca me acuerdo or siempre me olvido de traerlo
3)a) \<\<food\>\> conservarse (fresco)b) \<\<news/matter\>\> esperarI have something to tell you - will it keep till later? — tengo algo que decirte - ¿puede esperar a más tarde?
c) ( be in certain state of health) (colloq)how are you keeping? — ¿qué tal estás? (fam)
•Phrasal Verbs:- keep at- keep in- keep off- keep on- keep out- keep to- keep up -
13 tanti
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
14 tanto
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
15 tanto opere
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
16 tantus
tantus, a, um, adj. [perh. for tavantus; cf. Sanscr. tāvant, so great; Gr. teôs, i. e. teWôs].I.Of such size or measure, so great in amount, extent, value, degree, etc. (as some standard expressed or understood); usually with a foll. quantus, ut, qui, or absol.; rarely quam.1.With [p. 1841] quantus:2.nullam (contionem) umquam vidi tantam, quanta nunc vestrum est,
Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:quae tanta sunt in hoc uno, quanta in omnibus reliquis imperatoribus,
id. Imp. Pomp. 11, 29:est alienum tanto viro, quantus es tu, non posse, etc.,
id. ad Brut. 1, 9, 1:tantam eorum multitudinem nostri interfecerunt, quantum fuit diei spatium,
Caes. B. G. 2, 11; cf.:quamquam Demaden continua dicendi exercitatio potuerit tantum, quantuluscumque postea fuit, fecisse,
Quint. 2, 17, 12; Cic. Lael. 20, 74; Sall. C. 58, 2.—With ut.a.Denoting result or consequence; with subj.:b.tanta erat operis firmitudo, ut, etc.,
Caes. B G 4, 17:non fuit tantus homo Sex. Roscius in civitate, ut, etc.,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 43, 125;unum hoc definio, tantam esse necessitatem virtutis... ut, etc.,
id. Rep. 1, 1, 1:quod ego tantum nefas commisi, ut hanc vicem saevitiae meae redderes?
Curt. 4, 10, 29:quod tantum cogitavi nefas, ut dignior Philotas me videretur?
id. 6, 7, 30.—Denoting comparison:3.tantā modestiā dicto audiens fuit, ut si privatus esset,
Nep. Ages. 4, 2.—With rel. qui, etc.:4.cave putes aut mare ullum aut flammam esse tantam, quam non facilius sit sedare quam, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 42, 65:statuerunt, tantum illud esse maleficium, quod, etc.,
id. Sull. 2, 7:nulla est tanta vis, quae non ferro frangi possit,
id. Marcell. 3, 8.—Without correlation (esp. freq. in exclamations, etc.) ita tanta mira in aedibus sunt facta, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 5:5.tanta factis modo mira miris modis, etc.,
id. Cas. 3, 5, 5:qui tantus natu deorum nescis nomina,
id. Bacch. 1, 2, 15:neque solum in tantis rebus, sed etiam in mediocribus vel studiis vel officiis,
id. Rep. 1, 3, 4:tantilla tanta verba funditat,
Plaut. Poen. 1, 2, 61. hocine mihi ob labores tantos tantillum dari, id. Truc. 2, 6, 56:ne tantae nationes conjugantur,
Caes. B. G. 3, 11:onus,
id. ib. 2, 30 in tantis motionibus tantisque vicissitudinibus, tam multarum rerum atque tantarum ordinious, Cic. N D. 2, 5, 15:non idem sentio tanta hac in re tamque immensa posse fieri,
id. de Or 2, 20, 84:qui tantas et tam infinitas pecunias repudiarit,
id. Rosc. Com. 8, 24:tot tantaque vitia,
id. Verr 1, 16, 47:quae faceres in hominem tantum et talem,
id. Fam. 13, 66, 1; cf.:conservare urbes tantas atque tales,
id. N. D. 3, 38, 92, so too, with talis, id. Fam. 15, 4, 14, id. Phil. 2, 29, 71:tanta ista mala,
Sall. C. 40, 2;Liv 31, 9: neque tanto tractu se colligit anguis,
Verg. G. 2, 154:tantorum ingentia septem Terga boum,
id. A. 5, 404; Curt. 3, 1, 10; 3, 3, 28; 4, 1, 1:sexcenta tanta reddam, si vivo, tibi,
six hundred times as much, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 111; so,sexcenta tanta,
id. Ps. 2, 2, 37:tribus tantis illi minus redit quam obseveris,
three times as much less, id. Trin. 2, 4, 129:jam non quaero, unde tantam Melitensem vestem habueris,
such a great quantity of, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 183:si in uno corpore tantarum rerum gubernationem mens humana possidet,
Lact. 1, 3, 21.—With quam:6.maria aspera juro, Non ullum pro me tantum cepisse timorem, Quam, etc.,
Verg. A. 6, 352 (cf. infra, B. 2.).—With a partit. gen.:tantus ille ventorum,
Plin. 2, 47, 46, § 121 (dub.; Jahn, ventus).—Esp. in phrase tantō ŏpĕre; freq. as one word, tantŏpĕre, so greatly, in so high a degree, so very, etc. (class. and freq.):B.cur tanto opere extimueras?
Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 92, cf.:si studia Graecorum vos tanto opere delectant,
Cic. Rep. 1, 18, 30; Plaut. Cas. 3, 2, 2; id. Ep. 1, 2, 31; Ter. And. 5, 2, 27; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 38; Caes. B. G. 7, 52; Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 21; id. Mur. 10, 23; id. de Or. 1, 35, 164 al.—In an inverted order:mirum est, me, ut redeam, te opere tanto quaesere,
Plaut. Bacch. 2, 2, 1.—Transf., so many ( = tot; mostly poet.):C.tantae Coëunt in proelia gentes,
Val. Fl. 5, 636:lamentabile tantis urbibus,
Stat. Th. 11, 160:legatum valet in tantos quanti inveniantur,
Dig. 30, 1, 65.— Sing.:numquam tanto se vulture caelum Induit,
Luc. 7, 834. —Neutr. absol.1.tantum, so much, so many:b.habere tantum molestiae quantum gloriae...ut tantum nobis, quantum ipsi superesse posset, remitteret,
Cic. Rep. 1, 4, 7:decutio argenti tantum, quantum mihi lubet,
Plaut. Ep. 2, 3, 4:iis adposuit tantum, quod satis esset, nullo adparatu,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 91: tantum complectitur, quod satis sit modicae palaestrae, id. Leg. 2, 3, 6:eo indito cumini fricti tantum, quod oleat,
Cato, R. R. 156, 3 (cf.: tantum quod, s. v. tantum, adv. B. 2. b.): Ch. Coactus reddidit ducentos et mille Philippum. Ni. Tantum debuit, Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 38: nec tantum Karthago habuisset opum, Cic. Rep. Fragm. ap. Non. p. 526 (1, 48, 3 B. and K.):cum tantum belli in manibus esset,
Liv. 4, 57, 1:sed quid hic tantum hominum incedunt?
Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 5:tantum hostium intra muros est,
Liv. 3, 17, 4 et saep.:sexies tantum, quam quantum satum sit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 43, § 102; cf.:etiamsi alterum tantum perdundum est, perdam, etc.,
Plaut. Ep. 3, 4, 81 (v. alter):tantum... dum,
Liv. 27, 42, 12; cf.:tantum modo... dum,
Sall. J. 53, 3: tantum abest, ut, etc. (v. absum). —In colloquial lang.: tantum est, that is all, nothing more, etc.:2.vos rogat, ut, etc. Tantum est. Valete,
Plaut. Trin. prol. 22; so id. Cas. prol. 87: Lo. Numquid amplius? Ly. Tantum est, id. Merc. 2, 2, 12; Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 26; id. Hec. 5, 3, 15.—Gen. (of price) tanti:b.tanti, quanti poscit, vin' tanti illam emi?
Plaut. Merc. 2, 4, 22; cf.:tanti est, quanti est fungus putidus,
it is worth as much as, is worth no more than, id. Bacch. 4, 7, 23:frumentum tanti fuit, quanti iste aestimavit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 194:ubi me dixero dare tanti,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 49:graviter increpuit, tanti habitare censorem,
in so costly a house, Plin. 17, 1, 1, § 3. —Trop.: est tanti (alicui), to be worth so much; to be valued, prized, or esteemed so highly; to be of such consequence or importance:3.tanti ejus apud se gratiam esse ostendit, uti, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 20: tanti non fuit Arsacen capere, ut, etc., Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 14, 1:hoc tanti fuit vertere, ut, etc.,
Quint. 1, 6, 38: est mihi tanti, Quirites, hujus invidiae tempestatem subire, dummodo a vobis hujus belli periculum depellatur, it is worth this price to me, i. e. I esteem it a light thing, Cic. Cat. 2, 7, 15; cf.:sed est tanti (sc.: invidiam istam mihi impendere), dummodo,
id. ib. 1, 9, 22:etsi id quidem non tanti est, quam quod propter eosdem, etc.,
id. Mil. 22, 58:juratus tibi possum dicere, nihil esse tanti, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 13, 2:cum dicturis tanti suae non sint (actiones),
Quint. 12, 8, 4:sunt o! sunt jurgia tanti,
Ov. M. 2, 424 et saep.—Abl. (with comparatives) tantō, by so much, so much the:b.quanto erat in dies gravior oppugnatio, tanto crebriores litterae nuntiique ad Caesarem mittebantur,
Caes. B. G. 5, 45; cf.:quantum opere processerant, tanto aberant ab aquā longius,
id. B. C. 1, 81:tanto major vis, quanto recentior,
Plin. 9, 38, 62, § 133:reperietis quinquies tanto amplius istum quam quantum, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 225:tantone minoris decumae venierunt quam fuerunt?
id. ib. 2, 3, 45, § 106 et saep.: bis tanto amici sunt inter se quam prius, twice as much, twice as good, dis tosôi, Plaut. Am. 3, 2, 62:bis tanto pluris,
id. Men. 4, 3, 6:ter tanto pejor,
id. Pers. 1, 3, 73:multo tanto miserior,
id. Rud. 2, 6, 37:si Cleomenes non tanto ante fugisset,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 89:post tanto,
Verg. G. 3, 476; Curt. 6, 7, 26.— Rarely with verbs denoting comparison:tanto praestitit ceteros imperatores, quan to populus Romanus antecedit fortitudine cunctas nationes,
Nep. Hann. 1, 1; Ov. M. 13, 368; cf.:doctrinis tanto antecessit condiscipulos, ut, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 2, 2.— Poet. with sup.:tanto pessimus omnium poëta, Quanto tu optimus omnium patronus,
Cat. 49, 6.—In colloquial lang.: tanto melior! so much the better! well done! good! excellent! bravo! etc.: To. Omnes sycophantias instruxi et comparavi, quo pacto ab lenone auferam hoc argentum. Sa. Tanto melior! Plaut. Pers. 2, 5, 24; cf. Sen. Ep. 31;4.so too: tanto melior,
Plaut. Truc. 5, 61; Phaedr. 3, 5, 3:tanto hercle melior,
Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 38:tanto major! tanto augustior!
how great! how noble! Plin. Pan. 71, 4:tanto nequior!
so much the worse! that is bad! Ter. Ad. 4, 1, 12; cf. Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 84; so,tanto miserior,
id. Stich. 5, 5, 8.—In tantum, so far, so much, to such a degree, so greatly:II.danti in tantum producenda notitia est muneris sui, in quantum delectatura est eum, cui datur,
Sen. Ben. 2, 23; Col. 12, 24, 1:quaedam aquae fervent in tantum, ut non possint esse usui,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 24, 1: humum in tantum deprimere, donec altitudinis mensuram datam ceperit, Col. 3, 13, 9:in tantum suam felicitatem virtutemque enituisse,
Liv. 22, 27.Since tantus conveys only the idea of relative greatness, it may also be used (with a foll. ut) to denote a small amount, degree, extent, etc.; hence, of such a quantity or quality, such, so small, so slight or trivial; in the neutr., so little, so few (rare but class.):A.ceterarum provinciarum vectigalia tanta sunt, ut iis ad ipsas provincias tutandas vix contenti esse possimus,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14; id. Fam. 1, 7, 4: si bellum tantum erit, ut vos aut successores sustinere possint, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 10, 3:praesidii tantum est, ut ne murus quidem cingi possit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35:tantum navium,
id. B. C. 3, 2.—Hence, tantum, adv.So much, so greatly, to such a degree, so:B.tantum, quantum quis fuge,
as quickly as possible, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 94:de quo tantum, quantum me amas, velim cogites,
Cic. Att. 12, 18, 1:id tantum abest ab officio, ut, etc.,
so far, id. Off. 1, 14, 43:rex tantum auctoritate ejus motus est, ut, etc.,
Nep. Con. 4, 1:tantum progressus a castris, ut dimicaturum appareret,
Liv. 37, 39, 6:tantumque ibi moratus, dum, etc.,
so long, id. 27, 42, 13:tantum ad narrandum argumentum adest benignitas,
Plaut. Men. prol. 16:ne miremini, quā ratione hic tantum apud istum libertus potuerit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 54, § 134:nullo tantum se Mysia cultu Jactat,
Verg. G. 1, 102.—With adjj. (mostly poet.):nec tantum dulcia, quantum Et liquida,
Verg. G. 4, 101:juventus Non tantum Veneris quantum studiosa culinae,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 80:tantum dissimilis,
id. ib. 2, 3, 313:Marius quantum bello optimus, tantum pace pessimus,
Vell. 2, 11, 1.—(Acc. to tantus, II.; and therefore, prop., only so much, so little; hence) Only, alone, merely, but:b.tantum monet, quantum intellegit,
only so much, Cic. Tusc. 2, 19, 44:tantum in latitudinem patebat, quantum loci acies instructa occupare poterat,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8:quod haec tantum, quantum sensu movetur...se accommodat, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 4, 11:Socratem tantum de vitā et de moribus solitum esse quaerere,
id. Rep. 1, 10, 16:nomen tantum virtutis usurpas,
id. Par. 2, 17:dixit tantum: nihil ostendit, nihil protulit,
id. Fl. 15, 34:notus mihi nomine tantum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 3:apte dicere non elocutionis tantum genere constat, sed, etc.,
Quint. 11, 1, 7; so,non tantum... sed,
id. 9, 3, 28:nec tantum... sed (etiam),
id. 3, 8, 33; 9, 3, 78; 11, 2, 5.—So with unus (mostly post-Aug.;once in Cic.): excepit unum tantum: scire se nihil se scire, nihil amplius,
Cic. Ac. 2, 23, 74:unum flumen tantum intererat,
Caes. B. C. 3, 19:unum defuisse tantum superbiae,
Liv. 6, 16, 5; 21, 50, 6; 34, 9, 5; Just. 8, 5, 5; Cels. 5, 28, 14; Tac. A. 15, 1; Plin. 9, 35, 58, § 120.—Strengthened by modo, and also joined with it in one word, tantummŏdo (freq. and class.;2.whereas solummodo is only post-Aug., v. h. v.): homines populariter annum tantummodo solis, id est unius astri reditu metiuntur,
Cic. Rep. 6, 22, 24:ut tantummodo per stirpes alantur suas,
id. N. D. 2, 32, 81:cum tantummodo potestatem gustandi feceris,
id. Rep. 2, 28, 51:omnis ea judicatio versatur tantummodo in nomine,
id. ib. 4, 6, 6:pedites tantummodo umeris ac summo pectore exstare (ut possent),
Caes. B. C. 1, 62:velis tantummodo,
you have only to wish it, Hor. S. 1, 9, 54:unum hoc tantummodo, neque praeterea quicquam, etc.,
Suet. Tib. 11 et saep.:neque eum oratorem tantummodo, sed hominem non putant,
Cic. de Or. 3, 14, 52:neque e silvis tantummodo promota castra, sed etiam... in campos delata acies,
Liv. 9, 37, 2:Cn. Scipionem misit non ad tuendos tantummodo veteres socios, sed etiam ad pellendum Hispaniā Hasdrubalem,
id. 21, 32, 4; so,non tantummodo... sed etiam,
Sen. Polyb. 15, 3; id. Ot. Sap. 3, 5; 5, 4; Front. Ep. ad Verr. p. 124:non tantummodo... sed... quoque,
Vell. 2, 110, 5:non tantummodo... verum etiam,
Aug. Ep. 162, 1; id. Grat. Christ. 14: non... tantum, with ellips. of sed, not only (but much more), Ov. Am. 1, 4, 63; cf.:rem atrocem nec tantum epistulā dignam,
Plin. Ep. 3, 14; Juv. 1, 131.—Particular phrases.a.Tantum non, analog. to the Gr. monon ouk, to [p. 1842] point out an action as only not, i. e. very nearly, completed, almost, all but, very nearly (perh. not ante-Aug.; in Cic. Att. 14, 5, 2, Baiter reads tantummodo):b.cum agger promotus ad urbem vineaeque tantum non jam injunctae moenibus essent,
Liv. 5, 7, 2:tantum non jam captam Lacedaemonem esse,
id. 34, 40, 5:tantum non ad portam bellum esse,
id. 25, 15, 1:videt Romanos tantum non jam circumveniri a dextro cornu,
id. 37, 29, 9:cum hostes tantum non arcessierint,
id. 4, 2, 12 Drak.:tantum non adversis tempestatibus Rhodum enavigavit,
Suet. Tib. 11:tantum non statim a funere,
id. ib. 52:tantum non summam malorum suorum professus est,
id. ib. 66:tantum non in ipso ejus consulatu,
id. Dom. 15 et saep.—But in many cases non belongs to the verb, and not to tantum:tantum non cunctandum neque cessandum esse,
only there must be no delay, Liv. 35, 18, 8:dictator bello ita gesto, ut tantum non defuisse fortunae videretur,
id. 4, 57, 8 Drak.; cf.:ut qui per haec vicit, tantum non defuisse sibi advocatum sciat,
Quint. 6, 2, 4.—Tantum quod, denoting immediate nearness in point of time, only, just, but just, just then, hardly, scarcely (class.):c.tantum quod ex Arpinati veneram, cum mihi a te litterae redditae sunt,
Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1:tantum quod ultimam imposuerat Pannonico bello Caesar manum, cum, etc.,
Vell. 2, 117, 1:haec cum scriberem, tantum quod existimabam ad te orationem esse perlatam,
Cic. Att. 15, 13, 7:navis Alexandrina, quae tantum quod appulerat,
Suet. Aug. 98:natus est XVIII. Cal. Jan. tantum quod oriente sole,
id. Ner. 6:tantum quod pueritiam egresso,
id. Aug. 63:dentem tantum quod exemptum,
id. Vesp. 5 (but in Liv. 22, 2, 9; 33, 4, 6; Amm. 27, 5, 4, the quod belongs not to tantum, but to the following verb):tantum alone = tantum quod,
Verg. E. 6, 16. —Tantum quod non, only that not, nothing is wanting but:tantum quod hominem non nominat: causam quidem totam perscribit,
Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 45, § 116. -
17 można
praed. 1. (możliwość) ten zegar można jeszcze naprawić this clock can still be repaired- jeden z najpiękniejszych parków, jakie można u nas zobaczyć one of the finest parks one can see here- czytać można było tylko przy świecy one a. you could only read by candlelight- wystawę będzie można obejrzeć we wrześniu the exhibition will open in September- na to nie można liczyć one a. you can’t count on that- na nim można/nie można polegać you can/can’t count a. rely on him- można/nie można było tego uniknąć it could/couldn’t have been avoided- można się było tego spodziewać one could a. might have expected that, that was (only) to be expected- czego innego można się było po nim spodziewać? what else can a. could you expect from him?- łatwiejszy, niż można by przypuszczać easier than one might have expected a. supposed, easier than might have been expected a. supposed- można było powiedzieć, że nie chcesz iść ze mną you could a. should have told me you didn’t want to go with me- można śmiało powiedzieć, że… it’s safe to say a. we can safely say that…- sprawa pilna, rzec by można: niecierpiąca zwłoki a matter of urgency, one might say, brooking no delay książk., żart.- jest pracowity, czego nie można powiedzieć o tobie he’s hard-working, which is more than can be said for a. of you- nie można powiedzieć, żeby film nas rozczarował I can’t a. wouldn’t say the film disappointed us- dzieci – nie można powiedzieć – zachowywały się grzecznie the children, it must be said, behaved very well- nie można zaprzeczyć temu, że… there’s no denying the fact that…- nie można z tobą wytrzymać you’re (absolutely) impossible! pot.- można wytrzymać pot. (z powątpiewaniem) it’s all right a. OK- cholery można dostać! pot. it’s enough to drive you up the wall pot.- jak można się tak zachowywać? how could they/you behave like that?- gdzie/kiedy tylko można wherever/whenever possible- jak tylko można by all means possible- jeżeli tylko można if it’s (at all) possible2. (przyzwolenie) palić można tylko w palarni you can only smoke in the smoking room- nie można tego dotykać you mustn’t touch it- czy można? can I?; may I? książk.- czy można wejść? can I a. may I come in?- czy można tu zaparkować? can I park here?- czy można otworzyć okno? do you mind if I open the window?- nie rób tego, tak nie można! don’t do that, it’s wrong!- jeśli można if I may książk.- jeśli można, jeszcze jedna uwaga one more thing, if I may- jeśli można tak powiedzieć if I may say so3. (propozycja, prośba) można ci w czymś pomóc? can I help you in any way?- można pana prosić o otworzenie drzwi? could you open the door, please?- czy można panią prosić do tańca? would you like to dance?; may I have this dance? książk.- można by zaprosić kilka osób I/we could invite one or two people* * *invmożna stwierdzić, że... — one lub you may say that...
można już iść — you may lub can go now
czy tu można palić? — may lub can I smoke here?
można wytrzymać — pot it's O.K. lub okay
* * *można v.1. ( wyraża możliwość urzeczywistnienia czegoś) it is possible to..., one (you etc.) can l. may...; rzec by można, że... one (you etc.) could l. can say that...; można się cieszyć, że... it is fortunate that...; można już iść you (we etc.) may l. can go now; można śmiało powiedzieć, że... it is safe to say that...; można wykazać, że... it is arguable that...; można jej wybaczyć, że... she could be forgiven for...; czego (innego) można się (było) spodziewać? what (else) can l. do you expect?; można było tego uniknąć it was avoidable; nie można się jej oprzeć she is irresistible; można mieć wątpliwości there is room for doubt; gdyby tylko było można if it was only possible, given half a chance; można tam dojść piechotą it is within walking distance; można się było tego spodziewać small l. little wonder; wszystko co można sobie wyobrazić everything under the sun, everything but the kitchen sink; można wytrzymać pot. it's O.K. l. okay, it's alright l. all right; jak można...? ( coś zrobić) how to...?, how can one...?; ( wyraz oburzenia) how can l. dare you...?2. ( dla wyrażenia przyzwolenia) one (you etc.) may..., one (you etc.) is (are etc.) allowed l. free to...; czy można? may I?, do you mind?; czy tu można palić? may l. can I smoke here?; czy można zapalić? do you mind if I smoke?; tak nie można! that's wrong!; jeśli można if that's OK; czy można zamknąć okno? do you mind if I close the window?; nie można tak myśleć you mustn't think that; można by pójść do kina how l. what about going to the cinema?, why don't we go to the cinema?The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > można
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18 say
1. transitive verb,1) sagenhe said something about going out — er hat etwas von Ausgehen gesagt
what more can I say? — was soll ich da noch [groß] sagen?
it says a lot or much or something for somebody/something that... — es spricht sehr für jemanden/etwas, dass...
have a lot/not much to say for oneself — viel reden/nicht viel von sich geben
to say nothing of — (quite apart from) ganz zu schweigen von; mal ganz abgesehen von
having said that, that said — (nevertheless) abgesehen davon
you can say that again, you said it — (coll.) das kannst du laut sagen (ugs.)
you don't say [so] — (coll.) was du nicht sagst (ugs.)
says you — (coll.) wer's glaubt, wird selig (ugs. scherzh.)
I'll say [it is]! — (coll.): (it certainly is) und wie!
don't let or never let it be said [that]... — niemand soll sagen können, [dass]...
I can't say [that] I like cats/the idea — ich kann nicht gerade sagen od. behaupten, dass ich Katzen mag/die Idee gut finde
[well,] I must say — also, ich muss schon sagen
I should say so/not — ich glaube schon/nicht; (emphatic) bestimmt/bestimmt nicht
there's something to be said on both sides/either side — man kann für beide Seiten/jede Seite Argumente anführen
what do or would you say to somebody/something? — (think about) was hältst du von jemandem/etwas?; was würdest du zu jemandem/etwas sagen?
say nothing to somebody — (fig.) [Musik, Kunst:] jemandem nichts bedeuten
which/that is not saying much or a lot — was nicht viel heißen will/das will nicht viel heißen
2) (recite, repeat, speak words of) sprechen [Gebet, Text]; aufsagen [Einmaleins, Gedicht]the Bible says or it says in the Bible [that]... — in der Bibel heißt es, dass...
a sign saying... — ein Schild mit der Aufschrift...
4) in pass.2. intransitive verb, forms asshe is said to be clever/have done it — man sagt, sie sei klug/habe es getan
1.1) (speak) sagen2) in imper. (Amer.) Mensch!3. noun1) (share in decision)have a or some say — ein Mitspracherecht haben (in bei)
2) (power of decision)the [final] say — das letzte Wort (in bei)
3) (what one has to say)have one's say — seine Meinung sagen; (chance to speak)
get one's or have a say — zu Wort kommen
* * *[sei] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - says; verb1) (to speak or utter: What did you say?; She said `Yes'.) sagen2) (to tell, state or declare: She said how she had enjoyed meeting me; She is said to be very beautiful.) sagen3) (to repeat: The child says her prayers every night.) aufsagen4) (to guess or estimate: I can't say when he'll return.) sagen2. noun(the right or opportunity to state one's opinion: I haven't had my say yet; We have no say in the decision.) das Mitspracherecht- academic.ru/64401/saying">saying- have
- I wouldn't say no to
- let's say
- say
- say the word
- that is to say* * *[seɪ]<said, said>1. (utter)▪ to \say sth etw sagenhow do you \say your name in Japanese? wie spricht man deinen Namen auf Japanisch aus?I'm sorry, what did you \say? Entschuldigung, was hast du gesagt?to \say sth to sb's face jdm etw ins Gesicht sagenwhen all is said and done letzten Endeswhen all is said and done, you can only do your best letzten Endes kann man sich nur bemühen, sein Bestes zu geben2. (state)▪ to \say sth etw sagenwhat did they \say about the house? was haben sie über das Haus gesagt?what did you \say to him? was hast du ihm gesagt?“the department manager is at lunch,” he said apologetically „der Abteilungsleiter ist beim Mittagessen“, meinte er bedauerndanother cup of tea? — I wouldn't \say no ( fam) noch eine Tasse Tee? — da würde ich nicht Nein sagenif Europe fails to agree on this, we can \say goodbye to any common foreign policy ( fam) wenn Europa sich hierauf nicht einigen kann, können wir jegliche gemeinsame Außenpolitik vergessento \say the least um es [einmal] milde auszudrückenhe's rather unreliable to \say the least er ist ziemlich unzuverlässig, und das ist noch schmeichelhaft ausgedrücktto have anything/nothing/something to \say [to sb] [jdm] irgendetwas/nichts/etwas zu sagen habenI've got something to \say to you ich muss Ihnen etwas sagento \say yes/no to sth etw annehmen/ablehnenhaving said that,... abgesehen davon...3. (put into words)▪ to \say sth etw sagenwhat are you \saying, exactly? was willst du eigentlich sagen?that was well said das war gut gesagt; (sl)\say what? echt? famhe talked for nearly an hour, but actually he said very little er redete beinahe eine Stunde lang, aber eigentlich sagte er sehr wenigneedless to \say [that] he disagreed with all the suggestions, as usual natürlich war er, wie immer, mit keinem der Vorschläge einverstandento have a lot/nothing to \say viel/nicht viel redenwhat have you got to \say for yourself? was hast du zu deiner Rechtfertigung zu sagen?\say no more! alles klar!to \say nothing of sth ganz zu schweigen von etw datit would be an enormous amount of work, to \say nothing of the cost es wäre ein enormer Arbeitsaufwand, ganz abgesehen von den Kosten4. (think)it is said [that] he's over 100 er soll über 100 Jahre alt seinshe is a firm leader, too firm, some might \say sie ist eine strenge Führungskraft, zu streng, wie manche vielleicht sagen würden\say what you like, I still can't believe it du kannst sagen, was du willst, aber ich kann es noch immer nicht glaubenshe said to herself, “what a fool I am!” „was bin ich doch für eine Idiotin“, sagte sie zu sich selbst5. (recite aloud)▪ to \say sth etw aufsagento \say a prayer ein Gebet sprechen6. (give information)▪ to \say sth etw sagenthe sign \says... auf dem Schild steht...can you read what that notice \says? kannst du lesen, was auf der Mitteilung steht?it \says on the bottle to take three tablets a day auf der Flasche heißt es, man soll drei Tabletten täglich einnehmenmy watch \says 3 o'clock auf meiner Uhr ist es 3 [Uhr]7. (indicate)to \say something/a lot about sb/sth etwas/eine Menge über jdn/etw aussagenthe way he drives \says a lot about his character sein Fahrstil sagt eine Menge über seinen Charakter austo \say something for sb/sth für jdn/etw sprechenit \says a lot for her determination that she practises her cello so often dass sie so oft Cello übt, zeigt ihre Entschlossenheitthere's little/a lot to be said for sth es spricht wenig/viel für etw akkthere's a lot to be said for living alone es spricht viel dafür, alleine zu leben8. (convey inner/artistic meaning)▪ to \say sth etw ausdrückenthe look on his face said he knew what had happened der Ausdruck auf seinem Gesicht machte deutlich, dass er wusste, was geschehen warthe expression on her face when she saw them said it all ihr Gesichtsausdruck, als sie sie sah, sagte alles▪ to \say sth etw vorschlagenI \say we start looking for a hotel now ich schlage vor, wir suchen uns jetzt ein Hotelwhat do you \say we sell the car? was hältst du davon, wenn wir das Auto verkaufen?10. (tell, command)▪ to \say when/where etc. sagen, wann/wo usw.he said to meet him here er sagte, dass wir ihn hier treffen sollenshe said to call her back when you get home sie sagte, du sollst sie zurückrufen, wenn du wieder zu Hause bistto \say when sagen, wenn es genug ist [o reicht11. (for instance)[let's] \say... sagen wir [mal]...; (assuming) nehmen wir an, angenommentry and finish the work by, let's \say, Friday versuchen Sie die Arbeit bis, sagen wir mal, Freitag fertig zu machen[let's] \say [that] the journey takes three hours, that means you'll arrive at 2 o'clock angenommen die Reise dauert drei Stunden, das heißt, du kommst um 2 Uhr an12.I'll \say amen to that ich bin dafürhe's so shy he couldn't \say boo to a goose er ist so schüchtern, er könnte keiner Fliege etwas zuleide tun▶ before sb could \say Jack Robinson bevor jd bis drei zählen konnte▶ to \say the word Bescheid gebenjust \say the word, and I'll come and help sag nur ein Wort und ich komme zu Hilfe▶ you don't \say [so]! was du nicht sagst!<said, said>1. (state) sagenwhere was he going? — he didn't \say wo wollte er hin? — das hat er nicht gesagtis it possible? — who can \say? ist das möglich? — wer kann das schon sagen?I appreciate the gesture more than I can \say ich kann gar nicht sagen, wie ich die Geste schätzeI can't \say for certain, but... ich kann es nicht mit Sicherheit behaupten, aber...hard to \say schwer zu sagenI can't \say das kann ich nicht sagen [o weiß ich nicht]it's not for sb to \say es ist nicht an jdm, etw zu sagenI think we should delay the introduction, but of course it's not for me to \say ich denke, wir sollten die Einführung hinausschieben, aber es steht mir natürlich nicht zu, das zu entscheidennot to \say... um nicht zu sagen...2. (believe) sagenis Spanish a difficult language to learn? — they \say not ist Spanisch schwer zu lernen? — angeblich nicht3. (to be explicit)... that is to \say...... das heißt...our friends, that is to \say our son's friends, will meet us at the airport unsere Freunde, genauer gesagt, die Freunde unseres Sohnes, werden uns am Flughafen treffenthat is not to \say das soll nicht heißenhe's so gullible, but that is not to \say that he is stupid er ist so leichtgläubig, aber das soll nicht heißen, dass er dumm ist4. LAWhow \say you? wie lautet Ihr Urteil?III. NOUNno pl Meinung fto have one's \say seine Meinung sagencan't you keep quiet for a minute and let me have my \say? könnt ihr mal eine Minute ruhig sein, damit ich auch mal zu Wort kommen kann? famto have a/no \say in sth bei etw dat ein/kein Mitspracherecht habenIV. ADJECTIVE▪ the said... der/die/das erwähnte [o genannte]...V. INTERJECTIONI \say, what a splendid hat you're wearing! Donnerwetter, das ist ja ein toller Hut, den du da trägst! fam2. (to show surprise, doubt etc.)\says you! das glaubst aber auch nur du! fam\says who? wer sagt das?* * *[seɪ] vb: pret, ptp said1. TRANSITIVE/INTRANSITIVE VERB1) sagenyou can say what you like (about it/me) — Sie können (darüber/über mich) sagen, was Sie wollen
I never thought I'd hear him say that — ich hätte nie gedacht, dass er das sagen würde
that's not for him to say — es steht ihm nicht zu, sich darüber zu äußern
he looks very smart, I'll say that for him —
if you see her, say I haven't changed my mind — wenn du sie siehst, sag ihr or richte ihr aus, dass ich es mir nicht anders überlegt habe
I'm not saying it's the best, but... — ich sage or behaupte ja nicht, dass es das Beste ist, aber...
never let it be said that I didn't try — es soll keiner sagen können or mir soll keiner nachsagen, ich hätte es nicht versucht
well, all I can say is... — na ja, da kann ich nur sagen...
it tastes, shall we say, interesting — das schmeckt aber, na, sagen wir mal interessant
you'd better do it – who says? —
well, what can I say? — na ja, was kann man da sagen?
what does it mean? – I wouldn't like to say — was bedeutet das? – das kann ich auch nicht sagen
having said that, I must point out... — ich muss allerdings darauf hinweisen...
so saying, he sat down — und mit den Worten setzte er sich
he didn't have much to say for himself — er sagte or redete nicht viel; (in defence) er konnte nicht viel (zu seiner Verteidigung) sagen
if you don't like it, say so —
do it this way – if you say so — machen Sie es so – wenn Sie meinen
2)he said to wait here — er hat gesagt, ich soll/wir sollen etc hier warten3) = announce meldenwho shall I say? — wen darf ich melden?
say after me... — sprechen Sie mir nach...
5) = pronounce aussprechen6) = indicate newspaper, dictionary, clock, horoscope sagen (inf); (thermometer) anzeigen, sagen (inf); (law, church, Bible, computer) sagenit says in the papers that... — in den Zeitungen steht, dass...
what does the paper/this book/your horoscope etc say? — was steht in der Zeitung/diesem Buch/deinem Horoskop etc?
the rules say that... — in den Regeln heißt es, dass...
what does the weather forecast say? — wie ist or lautet (form) der Wetterbericht?
the weather forecast said that... —
what does your watch say? — wie spät ist es auf Ihrer Uhr?, was sagt Ihre Uhr? (inf)
they weren't allowed to say anything about it in the papers — sie durften in den Zeitungen nichts darüber schreiben
7) = tell sagenit's hard to say what's wrong what does that say about his intentions/the main character? — es ist schwer zu sagen, was nicht stimmt was sagt das über seine Absichten/die Hauptperson aus?
that says a lot about his character/state of mind — das lässt tief auf seinen Charakter/Gemütszustand schließen
these figures say a lot about recent trends — diese Zahlen sind in Bezug auf neuere Tendenzen sehr aufschlussreich
that doesn't say much for him —
there's no saying what might happen — was (dann) passiert, das kann keiner vorhersagen
there's something/a lot to be said for being based in London — es spricht einiges/viel für ein Zuhause or (for a firm) für einen Sitz in London
8)= suppose
say it takes three men to... — angenommen, man braucht drei Leute, um zu...if it happens on, say, Wednesday? — wenn es am, sagen wir mal Mittwoch, passiert?
9)what would you say to a whisky/game of tennis? — wie wärs mit einem Whisky/mit einer Partie Tennis?shall we say Tuesday/£50? —
I'll offer £500, what do you say to that? —
what do you say we go now? (inf) — wie wärs or was hieltest du davon, wenn wir jetzt gingen?, was meinst du, sollen wir jetzt gehen?
let's try again, what d'you say? (inf) — was meinste, versuchen wirs noch mal? (inf)
he never says no to a drink — er schlägt einen Drink nie aus, er sagt nie Nein or nein zu einem Drink
10)well, I must say! —I say! (dated) (to attract attention) I say, thanks awfully, old man! (dated) — na so was! hallo! na dann vielen Dank, altes Haus! (dated)
say, what a great idea! (esp US) — Mensch, tolle Idee! (inf)
say, buddy! (esp US) — he, Mann! (inf)
you don't say! (also iro) — nein wirklich?, was du nicht sagst!
says you! (inf) — das meinst auch nur du! (inf)
11)no sooner said than done — gesagt, getan
they say..., it is said... — es heißt...
he is said to be very rich — er soll sehr reich sein, es heißt, er sei sehr reich
a building said to have been built by... — ein Gebäude, das angeblich von... gebaut wurde or das von... gebaut worden sein soll
it goes without saying that... —
that is to say — das heißt; (correcting also) beziehungsweise
that's not to say that... — das soll nicht heißen, dass...
the plan sounded vague, not to say impractical — der Plan klang vage, um nicht zu sagen unpraktisch
to say nothing of the noise/costs etc — von dem Lärm/den Kosten etc ganz zu schweigen or mal ganz abgesehen
to say nothing of being... — davon, dass ich/er etc... ganz zu schweigen or mal ganz abgesehen
2. NOUN1)= opportunity to speak
let him have his say — lass ihn mal reden or seine Meinung äußerneveryone should be allowed to have his say —
2) = right to decide etc Mitspracherecht nt (in bei)to have no/a say in sth —
I want more say in determining... — ich möchte mehr Mitspracherecht bei der Entscheidung... haben
to have the last or final say (in sth) — (etw) letztlich entscheiden; (person also) das letzte Wort (bei etw) haben
* * *say1 [seı]A v/t prät und pperf said [sed], 2. sg präs obs oder BIBEL say(e)st [ˈseı(ə)st], 3. sg präs says [sez], obs oder poet saith [seθ]1. sagen, sprechen:say yes to sth Ja zu etwas sagen;they have little to say to each other sie haben sich wenig zu sagen; → goodby(e) A, jack1 A 1, knife A 12. sagen, äußern, vorbringen, berichten:a) er ist sehr zurückhaltend,b) pej mit ihm ist nicht viel los;have you nothing to say for yourself? hast du nichts zu deiner Rechtfertigung zu sagen?;is that all you’ve got to say? ist das alles, was du zu sagen hast?;the Bible says die Bibel sagt, in der Bibel heißt es oder steht;people ( oder they) say he is ill, he is said to be ill man sagt oder es heißt, er sei krank; er soll krank sein;what do you say to …? was hältst du von …?, wie wäre es mit …?;it says es lautet (Schreiben etc);it says here hier heißt es, hier steht (geschrieben);my watch says 4:30 auf meiner Uhr ist es halb fünf;what does your watch say? wie spät ist es auf deiner Uhr?;you can say that again! das kannst du laut sagen!;3. sagen, behaupten, versprechen:5. (be)sagen, bedeuten:that is to say das heißt;$500, say, five hundred dollars 500$, in Worten: fünfhundert Dollar;(and) that’s saying sth (u.) das will was heißen;that says it all das sagt alles6. umg annehmen:a sum of, say, $500 eine Summe von sagen wir (mal) 500 Dollar;a country, say India ein Land wie (z. B.) Indien;I should say ich würde sagen, ich dächte (schon)B v/i1. sagen, meinen:it is hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen;if you say so wenn du das sagst;you may well say so das kann man wohl sagen;you don’t say (so)! was du nicht sagst!;say, haven’t I …? bes US umg sag mal, hab ich nicht …?;I can’t say das kann ich nicht sagen;says he? umg sagt er?;says who? umg wer sagt das?;says you! sl das sagst du!, denkste!2. I saya) hör(en Sie) mal!, sag(en Sie) mal!,b) (erstaunt od beifällig) Donnerwetter! umg, ich muss schon sagen!C s1. Ausspruch m, Behauptung f:have one’s say seine Meinung äußern (to, on über akk oder zu)2. Mitspracherecht n:have a (no) say in sth etwas (nichts) zu sagen haben bei etwas;let him have his say lass(t) ihn (doch auch mal) reden!who has the say in this matter? wer hat in dieser Sache zu entscheiden oder das letzte Wort (zu sprechen)?say2 [seı] s ein feiner Wollstoff* * *1. transitive verb,1) sagensay something out loud — etwas aussprechen od. laut sagen
what more can I say? — was soll ich da noch [groß] sagen?
it says a lot or much or something for somebody/something that... — es spricht sehr für jemanden/etwas, dass...
have a lot/not much to say for oneself — viel reden/nicht viel von sich geben
to say nothing of — (quite apart from) ganz zu schweigen von; mal ganz abgesehen von
having said that, that said — (nevertheless) abgesehen davon
you can say that again, you said it — (coll.) das kannst du laut sagen (ugs.)
you don't say [so] — (coll.) was du nicht sagst (ugs.)
says you — (coll.) wer's glaubt, wird selig (ugs. scherzh.)
I'll say [it is]! — (coll.): (it certainly is) und wie!
don't let or never let it be said [that]... — niemand soll sagen können, [dass]...
I can't say [that] I like cats/the idea — ich kann nicht gerade sagen od. behaupten, dass ich Katzen mag/die Idee gut finde
[well,] I must say — also, ich muss schon sagen
I should say so/not — ich glaube schon/nicht; (emphatic) bestimmt/bestimmt nicht
there's something to be said on both sides/either side — man kann für beide Seiten/jede Seite Argumente anführen
what do or would you say to somebody/something? — (think about) was hältst du von jemandem/etwas?; was würdest du zu jemandem/etwas sagen?
what I'm trying to say is this — was ich sagen will, ist folgendes
say nothing to somebody — (fig.) [Musik, Kunst:] jemandem nichts bedeuten
which/that is not saying much or a lot — was nicht viel heißen will/das will nicht viel heißen
2) (recite, repeat, speak words of) sprechen [Gebet, Text]; aufsagen [Einmaleins, Gedicht]3) (have specified wording or reading) sagen; [Zeitung:] schreiben; [Uhr:] zeigen [Uhrzeit]the Bible says or it says in the Bible [that]... — in der Bibel heißt es, dass...
a sign saying... — ein Schild mit der Aufschrift...
4) in pass.2. intransitive verb, forms asshe is said to be clever/have done it — man sagt, sie sei klug/habe es getan
1.1) (speak) sagenI say! — (Brit.) (seeking attention) Entschuldigung!; (admiring) Donnerwetter!
2) in imper. (Amer.) Mensch!3. nounhave a or some say — ein Mitspracherecht haben (in bei)
the [final] say — das letzte Wort (in bei)
have one's say — seine Meinung sagen; (chance to speak)
get one's or have a say — zu Wort kommen
* * *v.(§ p.,p.p.: said)= sagen v. -
19 tiempo
m.1 time.al poco tiempo soon afterwarda tiempo (de hacer algo) in time (to do something)a un tiempo, al mismo tiempo at the same timecada cierto tiempo every so oftencon el tiempo in timecon tiempo with plenty of time to spare, in good timedar tiempo al tiempo to give things timede un tiempo a esta parte recently, for a while nowen mis tiempos in my day o timeestar a tiempo de to have time totener tiempo de to have time tofuera de tiempo at the wrong momentganar tiempo to save timehace mucho tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for ageshacer tiempo to pass the timematar o engañar el tiempo to kill timeperder el tiempo to waste timeen tiempos de Maricastaña donkey's years agoa tiempo completo full-timea tiempo parcial part-timetiempo de cocción cooking timetiempo libre spare timetiempo de respuesta response time2 long time (periodo largo).hace tiempo que it is a long time sincehace tiempo que no vive aquí he hasn't lived here for some timetomarse uno su tiempo to take one's time3 age.¿qué tiempo tiene? how old is he?4 movement (movimiento).motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine5 weather (clima).hizo buen/mal tiempo the weather was good/badsi el tiempo lo permite o no lo impide weather permittinghace un tiempo de perros it's a foul dayponer a o al mal tiempo buena cara to put a brave face on things6 half (sport).7 tense (grammar).tiempo simple/compuesto simple/composite tense8 time (Music) (compás).9 tempo, beat, rhythmic unit, time.10 turn, time.11 Father Time.12 tempus.* * *1 (gen) time3 METEREOLOGÍA weather■ ¿qué tiempo hace? what's the weather like?4 (edad) age■ ¿qué tiempo tiene el niño? how old is your baby?5 (temporada) season, time6 (momento) moment, time7 MÚSICA tempo, movement9 GRAMÁTICA tense10 TÉCNICA stroke\a su tiempo / a su debido tiempo in due coursea través de los tiempos through the agesa un tiempo at the same timeal mismo tiempo at the same timeal poco tiempo soon afterwardsantes de tiempo too early, too sooncon el tiempo in the course of time, with timecon tiempo in advance¿cuánto tiempo...? how long...?■ ¿cuánto tiempo estuviste allí? how long did you stay there?■ ¿cuánto tiempo llevas aquí en España? how long have you lived in Spain?¿cuánto tiempo hace...? how long ago...?■ ¿cuánto tiempo hace que no vas al cine? how long ago is it since you went to the cinema?dar tiempo to give timedar tiempo al tiempo figurado to let matters take their coursedar tiempo a uno de/para to have enough time to■ si salgo a las cinco me dará tiempo de hacer las compras if I leave at five I'll have enough time to do the shoppingde tiempo en tiempo from time to timede tiempo inmemorial from time immemorialde un tiempo a esta parte for some time nowdemasiado tiempo too longdesde hace tiempo / desde hace mucho tiempo for a long timeel tiempo corre time goes by, time fliesel tiempo es oro figurado time is moneyen mis tiempos in my timeen otro tiempo / en otros tiempos formerlyestar a tiempo de to still have time toganar tiempo to save timehace tiempo a long timehacer buen tiempo / hace mal tiempo the weather is good / the weather is badhacer tiempo / hacer el tiempo to kill timematar (el) tiempo / pasar (el) tiempo to kill timeno hay tiempo que perder there's no time to loseperder el tiempo / perder tiempo to waste time¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!sin perder tiempo at oncetiempo atrás some time ago, time agotomarse tiempo to take one's time¡y si no, al tiempo! time will tell!tiempo de perros familiar lousy weathertiempo libre free timetiempos difíciles hard times* * *noun m.1) time2) period, epoch, age3) weather4) tense5) tempo* * *SM1) [indicando duración] timeel tiempo pasa y no nos damos ni cuenta — time goes by o passes and we don't even realize it
•
me llevó bastante tiempo — it took me quite a long time•
¿ cuánto tiempo se va a quedar? — how long is he staying for?¿cuánto tiempo hace de eso? — how long ago was that?
¿cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí? — how long have you been living here?
¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! — I haven't seen you for ages!
•
más tiempo, necesito más tiempo para pensármelo — I need more time o longer to think about it•
mucho tiempo, una costumbre que viene de mucho tiempo atrás — a long-standing custom•
al poco tiempo de — soon afterse acostumbró a la idea en muy poco tiempo — she soon got used to the idea, it didn't take her long to get used to the idea
tiempo de exposición — (Fot) exposure time
tiempo libre — spare time, free time
2) [otras locuciones]•
a tiempo — in time•
cada cierto tiempo — every so often•
con tiempo, llegamos con tiempo de darnos un paseo — we arrived in time to have a walk•
con el tiempo — eventually•
dar tiempo, no da tiempo a terminarlo — there isn't enough time to finish it¿crees que te dará tiempo? — do you think you'll have (enough) time?
•
fuera de tiempo — at the wrong time•
ganar tiempo — to save time•
hacer tiempo — to while away the time•
matar el tiempo — to kill time•
pasar el tiempo — to pass time•
perder el tiempo — to waste time¡rápido, no perdamos (el) tiempo! — quick, there's no time to lose!
•
sacar tiempo para hacer algo — to find the time to do sth•
tener tiempo para algo — to have time for sth- con el tiempo y una caña hasta las verdes caen3) (=momento) timeal mismo tiempo, a un tiempo — at the same time
•
llegamos antes de tiempo — we arrived earlyha nacido antes de tiempo — he was born prematurely, he was premature
•
a su debido tiempo — in due course4) (=época) timeen los últimos tiempos — recently, lately, in recent times
en tiempos de Maricastaña —
va vestida como en tiempos de Maricastaña — her clothes went out with the ark, her clothes are really old-fashioned
una receta del tiempo de Maricastaña — an ancient o age-old recipe
5) (=edad) age¿cuánto o qué tiempo tiene el niño? — how old is the baby?
6) (Dep) halftiempo muerto — (lit) time-out; (fig) breather
7) (Mús) [de compás] tempo, time; [de sinfonía] movement8) (Ling) tense9) (Meteo) weather¿qué tiempo hace ahí? — what's the weather like there?
mapa, hombre•
del tiempo, ¿quiere el agua fría o del tiempo? — would you like the water chilled or at room temperature?10) (Inform) time11) (Industria) timetiempo de paro, tiempo inactivo — downtime
12) (Náut) stormy weather13) (Mec) cycle* * *1) ( que transcurre) timeel tiempo pasa — time passes o goes by
cómo pasa el tiempo!/el tiempo vuela! — how time flies!
el tiempo apremia — time is short, time is of the essence (frml)
para ganar tiempo — (in order) to gain time
2)a) (duración, porción de tiempo) time¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? — how long is it since you last saw him?
ya hace tiempo que se marchó — she left quite some time ago o quite a while ago
¿cada cuánto tiempo? — how often?
un or algún tiempo atrás — some time ago o back
a tiempo completo/parcial — full time/part time
b) (período disponible, tiempo suficiente) timetengo todo el tiempo del mundo — I've got all the time in the world
c) (Dep) ( marca) timed) ( de bebé)¿cuánto tiempo tiene? — how old is he?
3) (en locs)al mismo tiempo or a un tiempo — at the same time
al tiempo que — at the same time as o that
con (el) tiempo y una caña... — everything in good time
hacer tiempo — to while away the time; (Dep) to play for time
matar el tiempo — (fam) to kill time
robarle tiempo al sueño — to burn the candle at both ends
el tiempo es oro — time is precious o money
4)a) ( época)en mi(s) tiempo(s) — in my day o my time
en aquellos tiempos — at that time, in those days
en los tiempos que corren — these days, nowadays
ser del tiempo de Maricastaña — (fam) to have come out of the ark (colloq)
b) ( temporada) seasonc) (momento propio, oportuno)5) (Dep) ( en partido) halfprimer/segundo tiempo — first/second half
6) (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time; ( de sinfonía) movement7) (Ling) tense8) (Meteo) weatherhace buen/mal tiempo — the weather's good/bad
¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? — what's the weather like over there?
del or (Méx) al tiempo — at room temperature
a mal tiempo, buena cara — I/you/we may as well look on the bright side
* * *1) ( que transcurre) timeel tiempo pasa — time passes o goes by
cómo pasa el tiempo!/el tiempo vuela! — how time flies!
el tiempo apremia — time is short, time is of the essence (frml)
para ganar tiempo — (in order) to gain time
2)a) (duración, porción de tiempo) time¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? — how long is it since you last saw him?
ya hace tiempo que se marchó — she left quite some time ago o quite a while ago
¿cada cuánto tiempo? — how often?
un or algún tiempo atrás — some time ago o back
a tiempo completo/parcial — full time/part time
b) (período disponible, tiempo suficiente) timetengo todo el tiempo del mundo — I've got all the time in the world
c) (Dep) ( marca) timed) ( de bebé)¿cuánto tiempo tiene? — how old is he?
3) (en locs)al mismo tiempo or a un tiempo — at the same time
al tiempo que — at the same time as o that
con (el) tiempo y una caña... — everything in good time
hacer tiempo — to while away the time; (Dep) to play for time
matar el tiempo — (fam) to kill time
robarle tiempo al sueño — to burn the candle at both ends
el tiempo es oro — time is precious o money
4)a) ( época)en mi(s) tiempo(s) — in my day o my time
en aquellos tiempos — at that time, in those days
en los tiempos que corren — these days, nowadays
ser del tiempo de Maricastaña — (fam) to have come out of the ark (colloq)
b) ( temporada) seasonc) (momento propio, oportuno)5) (Dep) ( en partido) halfprimer/segundo tiempo — first/second half
6) (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time; ( de sinfonía) movement7) (Ling) tense8) (Meteo) weatherhace buen/mal tiempo — the weather's good/bad
¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? — what's the weather like over there?
del or (Méx) al tiempo — at room temperature
a mal tiempo, buena cara — I/you/we may as well look on the bright side
* * *tiempo11 = time, length of time, period.Ex: Because not all files need to be reorganized at once, but only those which are very full, the time required for this procedure is reduced to a minimum.
Ex: There is a correlation between length of time spent obtaining the book required and loss of interest.Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.* absorber tiempo = absorb + time.* acabarse el tiempo = time + run out, time + be + up.* acaparar el tiempo de Alguien = monopolise + time.* adaptarse a los tiempos = change with + the times, move with + the times, keep up with + the times, adapt to + the times.* adelantado a su tiempo = ahead of + Posesivo + time(s).* adelantarse a + Posesivo + tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.* administración del tiempo = time management.* administrar el tiempo = manage + time.* adquirido con el transcurso del tiempo = time-based.* agotarse el tiempo = time + run out.* ahorrar para cuando lleguen tiempos difíciles = save for + a rainy day.* ahorrar tiempo = save + time.* ahorrar tiempo de escritura = save + typing.* ahorro de tiempo = time-saving [timesaving], economy of time, savings in time.* Algo a lo que hay que dedicar mucho tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].* Algo que ahorra tiempo = time saver [timesaver].* Algo que lleva mucho tiempo de hacer = time-consuming [time consuming].* Algo que se hace para matar el tiempo = time filler.* Algo que se le va tomando el gusto con el tiempo = acquired taste.* algún tiempo = awhile.* al mismo tiempo = at once, at the same time, concurrently, in the process, simultaneously, contemporaneously, at the same instant, at one and the same time, in parallel, concomitantly, at the one time, all the while.* al mismo tiempo que = in parallel to/with, while, as the same time as, cum, in conjunction with.* al mismo tiempo que + Indicativo = whilst + Gerundio.* a lo largo del tiempo = longitudinal, longitudinally.* alquilar tiempo = buy + time.* a medida que pasaba el tiempo = as time passed (by), as time went by.* a medida que pasa el tiempo = as time goes by, as time passes (by).* andar (muy) apurado de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.* andar (muy) corto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.* andar (muy) escaso de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.* andar (muy) falto de tiempo = be (hard) pressed for + time.* anunciado desde hace tiempo = long-heralded.* apurado de tiempo = time-rationed, crunched for time, time-crunched.* a su debido tiempo = in due course, timely, in due time.* a su tiempo = in a timely fashion, in due course, in a timely manner.* a tiempo = in timely fashion, on time, promptly, timely, just in time, in time.* a tiempo completo = full-time.* a tiempo parcial = part-time.* a través del tiempo = over time.* avatares del tiempo, los = vicissitudes of time, the, whims of time, the.* avecinarse tiempos difíciles = tough times ahead, lean times ahead, darker times + lie ahead, hard times ahead.* basado en el tiempo = time-based.* bastante tiempo = ample time.* breve período de tiempo = while.* buenos tiempos = good times.* cada cierto tiempo = episodic, every so often, every now and then, every now and again.* cada tanto tiempo = every so often, every now and again, every once in a while.* cambiar con el paso del tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el tiempo = change over + time.* cambiar con el transcurso del tiempo = change over + time.* cantar victoria antes de tiempo = speak too soon.* cantidad de tiempo = length of time.* cápsula del tiempo = time capsule.* carrera contra el tiempo = race against time, race against the clock.* comprar tiempo = buy + time.* con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.* con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.* con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, as time goes by, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.* con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.* con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).* con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, as time goes by, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.* consagrado por el tiempo = time-proven.* conseguir tiempo = buy + time.* considerado desde hace mucho tiempo = long considered.* consumir + Posesivo + tiempo = swallow up + Posesivo + time.* con un plazo de tiempo muy corto = at (a) very short notice.* con un plazo de tiempo tan corto = at such short notice.* cumplido hace tiempo = long overdue.* curso a tiempo completo = full-time course.* dar tiempo = give + time, donate + Posesivo + time.* dar tiempo a Alguien = give + Nombre + some time.* de algún tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.* dedicación de tiempo = expenditure of time.* dedicar algún tiempo a hacer algo = have + a turn at.* dedicar el tiempo y el esfuerzo = take + the time and effort.* dedicar tiempo = spend + time, lend + time, expend + time, devote + time, dedicate + time.* dedicar tiempo a = take + time on.* de hace mucho tiempo = age-old, long-term, long-lost.* dejar tiempo = free up + time.* dejar tiempo libre = free up + time.* demasiado tiempo = too long.* demostrado válido por el tiempo = time-tested.* de otros tiempos = of yore.* de otro tiempo = of yore.* desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.* desde el principio de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.* desde hace algún tiempo = for some time past, for days.* desde hace la tira (de tiempo) = for yonks and yonks, for yonks.* desde hace muchísimo tiempo = in ages (and ages and ages).* desde hace mucho tiempo = for ages, long-time [longtime], far back in time, for a long time, long since, in ages (and ages and ages).* desde hace tanto tiempo = so long.* desde hace tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], over the years, for a long time, long since, for some time.* desde hace un montonazo de tiempo = for yonks and yonks.* desde hace un montón de tiempo = for yonks.* desde hace ya algún tiempo = for some time now.* desde los primeros tiempos = since the earliest of times, from earliest times.* desde los viejos tiempos = since olden times.* desde tiempo inmemorial = since earliest time, since time immemorial, from time immemorial, since time out of mind, from time out of mind.* desde tiempos prehistóricos = since prehistoric times.* desperdiciar tiempo = squander + time.* desperdicio de tiempo = time waster.* deteriorado por el paso del tiempo = timeworn.* de todos los tiempos = all-time, of all time(s).* de un tiempo a esta parte = for some time now.* dispositivo de desconexión automática transcurrido un tiempo determinado = time out mechanism.* donar tiempo = donate + Posesivo + time.* donde el tiempo es de suma importancia = time-critical.* durante algún tiempo = for a while, for some time, for some while, for some time to come, for days.* durante cierto tiempo = over a period of time.* durante cuánto tiempo = how long.* durante demasiado tiempo = for too long.* durante este tiempo = in this time.* durante largos períodos de tiempo = over long periods of time.* durante la tira de tiempo = for donkey's years.* durante muchísimo tiempo = for ages and ages (and ages).* durante mucho tiempo = long [longer -comp., longest -sup.], for generations, long-time [longtime], for a long time to come, for long periods of time, for a long period of time, lastingly, for a very long time, for many long hours, for a long time, in ages (and ages and ages), in ages (and ages and ages).* durante tanto tiempo = for so long, so long.* durante tanto tiempo como sea posible = for as long as possible.* durante un largo período de tiempo = over a long time scale, over a long period of time, for a long period of time, over a long period.* durante un período de tiempo = for a number of years.* durante un periodo de tiempo determinado = over a period of time.* durante un período de tiempo indefinido = over an indefinite period of time, over an indefinite span of time.* durante un porrón de tiempo = for donkey's years.* durar mucho tiempo = last + long.* durar tiempo = take + time, take + long.* el paso del tiempo = the passage of time, the sands of time.* el tiempo de Algo = in season.* el tiempo dirá = time will tell.* el tiempo es oro = time is money.* el tiempo lo dirá = only time will tell.* el tiempo vuela = time flies (by).* el transcurrir del tiempo = the sands of time.* embates del tiempo, los = ravages of time, the.* emplear tiempo = spend + time, expend + time, devote + time.* en aquellos tiempos = at the time, the then + Nombre, by this time, in those days.* encontrar el tiempo = make + an opportunity.* encontrar tiempo = find + time.* encuesta sobre el uso del tiempo = time-use survey.* en estos tiempos = in these times, in this day and age.* en los últimos tiempos = latterly, in recent times, in modern times, in recent memory.* en muy poco tiempo = before long.* en nada de tiempo = at a moment's notice, in next to no time, in no time at all, in no time.* en otros tiempos = in days of yore, in times of yore.* en otro tiempo = in days of yore, in times of yore.* en poco tiempo = before very long, in quite a short time, in a short time, in a short span of time.* en sus buenos tiempos = in + Posesivo + heyday.* en su tiempo = formerly.* en tiempo de carnaval = carnivalistically.* en tiempo de feria = carnivalistically.* en tiempo de guerra = wartime [wart-time].* en tiempo real = real time [real-time], in real time.* en tiempos de = in times of.* en tiempos de adversidad = in times of + adversity.* en tiempos de austeridad = in austere times.* en tiempos de guerra = in time(s) of war.* en tiempos de Maricastaña = in olden days, in olden times.* en tiempos de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime, in peace, in time(s) of peace.* en tiempos de recesión = in recessionary times.* en tiempos de recesión económica = in recessionary times.* en tiempos difíciles = in times of need.* en tiempos más recientes = in more recent times.* en tiempos prehistóricos = in prehistoric times.* en un corto espacio de tiempo = in a short space of time.* en un corto período de tiempo = in a short period of time.* en un tiempo razonable = timely.* en un tiempo relativamente corto = in a relatively short time, in a relatively short span of time.* equivalente a tiempo completo = full-time equivalent (FTE).* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.* escaso de tiempo = time-strapped, short of time.* esperado durante tiempo y con ansiedad = long-and-expectantly-awaited.* esperado hace tiempo = overdue.* establecido desde hace tiempo = long-established.* estado del tiempo = weather conditions.* estar muy por delante de su tiempo = be years ahead of + Posesivo + time.* estragos del tiempo, los = ravages of time, the.* faceta de tiempo = Time facet.* factor tiempo = time factor.* facturación por tiempo de conexión = metered pricing, metered billing.* falta de tiempo = tightness of scheduling.* falto de tiempo = crunched for time, time-crunched, short of time.* finito en el tiempo = timebound [time-bound].* florecer antes de tiempo = bolt.* frontera del tiempo = time boundary.* fue durante mucho tiempo = long remained.* fuera de onda con los tiempos modernos = out of keeping with the times, out of tune with the times.* ganar tiempo = win + time, buy + time, free up + time.* germinar antes de tiempo = bolt.* gestión del tiempo = time management.* gusto que se adquiere con el tiempo = acquired taste.* hablar antes de tiempo = speak too soon.* hace algún tiempo = some time ago, a while back, some while ago.* hace demasiado tiempo = too long ago.* hace la tira (de tiempo) = yonks and yonks, yonks.* hace muchísimo tiempo = ages (and ages) ago, aeons ago, yonks.* hace mucho tiempo = all those many moons ago, many moons ago.* hace muy poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hace poco tiempo = a short time ago.* hacer algún tiempo = sometime back.* hacer frente a tiempos difíciles = cope with + difficult times.* hacer mucho tiempo que Algo ha desaparecido = be long gone.* hace tiempo = for some time, long ago, once, long since.* hace un montonazo de tiempo = yonks and yonks.* hace un montón de tiempo = yonks.* hace ya mucho tiempo que = gone are the days of.* hace ya tiempo = long since.* hasta el final de los tiempos = till the end of time.* hasta hace relativamente poco tiempo = until relatively recently.* instalaciones para dedicar el tiempo libre = leisure facilities.* intentar ganar tiempo = play for + time, temporise [temporize, -USA].* intervalo de tiempo = date range.* inversión de tiempo = commitment of time.* invertir el tiempo de Uno en = invest + Posesivo + time in.* ir en contra del tiempo = race against + time, race against + the clock.* justo a tiempo = (just) in the nick of time, just in time, not a moment too soon.* la mayoría del tiempo = most of the time.* largos períodos de tiempo = long periods of time.* la tira de tiempo = donkey's years.* liberar tiempo = free up + time.* limitado por el tiempo = time-constrained.* límite de tiempo = time limit.* llegar a tiempo = arrive + in time, arrive + on time.* llevar tiempo = take + time, take + a while, take + long, absorb + time.* llevar tiempo y esfuerzo = take + time and effort.* los buenos tiempos = the good old days.* los viejos tiempos = the good old days.* malos tiempos = bad times.* margen de tiempo = time frame [timeframe].* matar el tiempo = kill + time.* mejoría del tiempo = break in the weather.* muchísimo tiempo después = ages and ages hence.* mucho tiempo = long time, a very long time, long hours, ample time, for a long time.* mucho tiempo antes de (que) = long before.* mucho tiempo después = ages and ages hence.* mucho tiempo después (de que) = long after.* muy apreciado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.* muy a tiempo = in good time.* muy venerado desde hace tiempo = long-revered.* no cantes victoria antes de tiempo = don't count your chickens before they are hatched.* noción del tiempo = notion of time, sense of time.* no hace mucho tiempo = not so long ago.* no pasar mucho tiempo antes de que + Subjuntivo = be not long before + Indicativo.* no tener tiempo de nada = have + not a moment to spare.* nuevos tiempos, los = wind(s) of change, the.* observar atentamente y durante cierto tiempo = maintain + vigil.* ocupar el tiempo = fill in + Posesivo + time.* ocupar tiempo = occupy + time, take up + time.* olvidado desde hace tiempo = long forgotten.* pasar algún tiempo en = have + a turn at.* pasar el tiempo = pass + the time, hang around, spend + Posesivo + days, hang about, hang out.* pasar el tiempo libre = spend + Posesivo + leisure, spend + Posesivo + leisure time.* pasar mucho tiempo antes de que = be a long time before.* pasar tiempo = spend + time.* pasar tiempo haciendo Algo = do + stint at.* perder el tiempo = dawdle, mess around, pissing into the wind, mess about, faff (about/around), pootle, sit + idle, muck around/about, piddle around.* perder la noción del tiempo = lose + track of time, lose + all notion of time, lose + all sense of time.* perder tiempo = waste + time, lose + time.* pérdida de tiempo = time wasting, wild goose chase, waste of time, time-consuming [time consuming], fool's errand.* pérdida de un tiempo precioso = waste of precious time.* perdido hace tiempo = long-lost.* período de tiempo = amount of time, time, time frame [timeframe], time lapse, time period, time span [time-span], time slot, period of time, date range.* permanecer estable con el tiempo = be stable over time.* pero al mismo tiempo = but then again.* plazo de tiempo = timeline [time line].* poco tiempo = short while, short time.* poco tiempo después = shortly afterwards.* poner a mal tiempo buena cara = keep + Posesivo + chin up.* por algún tiempo = for sometime.* por mucho tiempo = for long, for long periods of time.* por un período de tiempo limitado = on a short-term basis.* por un tiempo = for a time.* por un tiempo indefinido = for indefinite time.* postulado desde hace mucho tiempo = long-espoused.* precio calculado según el tiempo de conexión = connect time based pricing.* precio calculado según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.* preocupado por el tiempo = time-conscious.* programador de tiempo = egg timer.* prolongar el tiempo = prolong + time.* propugnado desde hace mucho tiempo = long-espoused.* que cambia con el tiempo = ever-changing [ever changing], time-variant, ever-shifting.* que consume tiempo = time-consuming [time consuming].* quedar anulado con el paso del tiempo = be overtaken by events.* que depende del tiempo = time-dependent.* que hay que dedicarle mucho tiempo = time-intensive.* que lleva tiempo en cartelera = long-running.* que se percibe desde hace mucho tiempo = long-felt.* que utiliza el tiempo como variable = time-dependent.* recuperar el tiempo perdido = make up for + lost time.* reloj que registra el tiempo de conexión = accounting clock.* remontarse bastante en el tiempo = go back + a long way.* remontarse en el tiempo = extend + far back, stretch + far back in time.* resistir el paso del tiempo = stand + the test of time, withstand + the test of time, survive + the test of time, pass + the test of time.* robarle tiempo al sueño = burn + the candle at both ends.* se avecinan malos tiempos = hard times lie ahead.* sensible al tiempo = time-sensitive [time sensitive].* sentido del tiempo = sense of time, notion of time.* ser una pérdida de tiempo = be idle, beat + a dead horse, fart + in the wind.* ser un pérdida de tiempo = flog + a dead horse.* ser un producto de su tiempo = be a product of + Posesivo + time.* si el tiempo lo permite = weather permitting.* siempre que Uno puede dedicarle el tiempo = in + Posesivo + own time, on + Posesivo + own time.* si hay tiempo = time permitting.* sin importar el tiempo = all-weather.* si no lo impide el tiempo = weather permitting.* sin tiempo que perder = without a minute to spare.* si queda tiempo = time permitting.* sistema de tiempo real = real-time system.* sobrado de tiempo = unpressed for time.* sólo por tiempo limitado = for a limited time only.* subordinado al tiempo = time-dependent.* suficiente tiempo = long enough, ample time.* superar la barrera del tiempo = cross + time barriers.* tanto tiempo = so much time, this long, such a very long time.* tardar tanto tiempo en = take + so long to.* tardar tiempo = take + time, take + long.* tarifa calculada según el tiempo de conexión = connect time based pricing.* tarifa calculada según el tiempo empleado = time-based charge.* tarifa calculada según el tiempo utilizado = time-based tariff.* tener mucho tiempo libre = have + plenty of time to spare.* terminarse el tiempo = time + run out.* tiempo adicional = extra-time.* tiempo agotado = time out.* tiempo + apremiar = time + press, time + be of the essence.* tiempo + avanzar inexorablemente = time + march on.* tiempo de acceso = access time, seek time, access speed.* tiempo de búsqueda = search time.* tiempo de calidad = quality time.* tiempo de carga = loading time.* tiempo de conexión = connect time.* tiempo de conexión en línea = online time.* tiempo de CPU = CPU time.* tiempo de demora = lead time.* tiempo de descarga = download time.* tiempo de descarga de datos = download time, latency.* tiempo de duración = lifespan [life span].* tiempo de emisión = airtime.* tiempo de espera = lead time, wait time, waiting time, waiting period.* tiempo de estudio = study time.* tiempo de inicio = start time.* tiempo de ordenador = computer time, computer time.* tiempo de préstamo = document delivery.* tiempo de proceso = processing time.* tiempo de reacción = reaction time.* tiempo de respuesta = response time, turnaround time, turnabout time, fill time, reaction time.* tiempo durante el cual el ordenador no está disponible al público = down time.* tiempo + estar a favor de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.* tiempo estar de lado de Alguien = time + be + on + Posesivo + side.* tiempo familiar = quality time.* tiempo fuera de servicio = downtime.* tiempo futuro = future tense.* tiempo inmemorial = time immemorial.* tiempo libre = leisure, leisure time, free time, idle hours, spare time.* tiempo muerto = downtime, time out.* tiempo + pasar = time + march on.* tiempos alocados = heady days.* tiempos de los romanos = Roman times.* tiempos de paz = peacetime [peace time].* tiempos difíciles = difficult times, tough times, hard times, embattled time(s).* tiempo + seguir su marcha inexorable = time + march on.* tiempos emocionantes = heady days.* tiempo + ser esencial = time + be of the essence.* tiempo + ser + precioso = time + be + precious.* tiempos mejores = better times.* tiempos modernos = modern times.* tiempos turbulentos = embattled time(s).* tiempo transcurrido = elapsed time.* tiempo verbal = tense.* todo al mismo tiempo = all at once.* todo el tiempo = all of the time, left, right and centre, the whole time, all the while.* tomar el tiempo = time.* tomarse el tiempo que Uno necesita = take + Posesivo + time.* tomar tiempo = take + time, take + long.* trabajador a tiempo parcial = part-timer.* trabajar durante un período de tiempo = serve + stint.* trabajo a tiempo parcial = part-time work, part-time employment, part-time job.* transcurrir tiempo = lapse + time.* tratar de ganar tiempo = temporise [temporize, -USA], play for + time.* un porrón de tiempo = donkey's years.* un tiempo = awhile.* usando el tiempo de un modo eficaz = time efficient [time-efficient].* vencido hace tiempo = long overdue.* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.* viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.* viaje a través del tiempo = time travel.* viaje en el tiempo = time travel.* vicisitudes del tiempo, las = vicissitudes of time, the, whims of time, the.* viejos tiempos, los = good old days, the.* ya hace algún tiempo = for quite some time.* ya hace bastante tiempo = for quite a while now.* y al mismo tiempo = and in the process, yet.tiempo22 = weather.Ex: Data Resources Inc., again US-based, covers data bases in economics, finance, energy and weather.
* alerta del tiempo = weather warning.* artífice del tiempo = weather-maker, rainmaker.* buen tiempo = fair weather.* cuando el tiempo lo permita = when the weather permits.* del tiempo = room temperature.* el cielo rojo al atardecer augura buen tiempo, el cielo rojo al amanecer aug = red sky at night, (shepherd/sailor)'s delight, red sky in the morning, (shepherd/sailor)'s warning.* hombre del tiempo = weatherman.* justo a tiempo = not a minute too soon.* mapa del tiempo = weather map.* muy mal tiempo = severe weather.* para todo tipo de tiempo = all-weather.* si hace buen tiempo = weather permitting.* tiempo + aclararse = weather + clear.* tiempo de invierno = winter weather.* tiempo de verano = summer weather.* tiempo estival = summer weather.* tiempo inclemente = intemperate weather.* tiempo invernal = winter weather.* tiempo muy malo = severe weather.* * *A (como algo que transcurre) timeya ha pasado mucho tiempo desde aquello that all happened a long time ago o a lot of water has flowed under the bridge since thenel tiempo va pasando y las cosas no mejoran time passes o goes by and things don't get any better¡cómo pasa or corre el tiempo! how time flies!, doesn't time go quickly!ya te acostumbrarás con el tiempo you'll get used to it in timeel tiempo dirá time will tellel tiempo apremia time is short, I'm/we're pressed for time, time is of the essence ( frml)¡el tiempo vuela! how time flies!a ver si dejas de perder el tiempo why don't you stop wasting time?¡qué manera de perder el tiempo! what a waste of time!no pierdas tiempo con eso don't waste time with o on that¡deprisa, no hay tiempo que perder! quick, there's no time to lose!sin perder tiempo without wasting a moment, without further adohay que recuperar el tiempo perdido we must make up for lost timetodas las advertencias fueron tiempo perdido all our warnings were a waste of timees una pérdida de tiempo it's a waste of timepara ganar tiempo, ve metiendo las cartas en los sobres to save time, start putting the letters into the envelopesles contó una historia para ganar tiempo to gain time she told them a story, she played for time by telling them a storycreo que si vamos por aquí ganamos tiempo I think we'll save time if we go this wayCompuestos:time-sharingreal timeuniversal time, Greenwich Mean TimeB1 (duración, porción de tiempo) timeluego de todo este tiempo after all this time¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? how long is it since you last saw him?¿cuánto tiempo hace que vives aquí? how long have you lived o been living here?de esto que te cuento ya hace mucho tiempo all this happened a long time ago now¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages o it's been ages since I last saw you o ( colloq) long time, no seehace demasiado tiempo, no creo que se acuerde it was too long ago, I don't think she'll rememberhace mucho tiempo que no sé nada de ellos I haven't heard from them for a long time o ( colloq) for agestodavía falta or queda mucho tiempo para su boda it's still a long time till their weddingtodo este tiempo me ha estado mintiendo he's been lying to me all this timese ha pasado todo el tiempo hablando she's done nothing but talk the whole timepasaba la mayor parte del tiempo leyendo he spent most of the time readingtómate el tiempo que te haga falta take as long as you needdentro de muy poco tiempo very soon o very shortly¿cada cuánto tiempo conviene hacerse un chequeo? how often should one have a check-up?cada cierto tiempo every so oftende tiempo en tiempo from time to time¿cuánto tiempo van a pasar en Los Ángeles? how much time o how long are you going to spend in Los Angeles?me llevó mucho tiempo preparar la tarta it took me a long time o ( colloq) ages to make the cakeno pude quedarme (por) más tiempo I couldn't stay any longer¿por qué tardaste tanto tiempo en contestarme? why did you take such a long time o so long to answer me?ya hace algún or un tiempo que no se le ve por aquí he hasn't been around here for some time o for quite a time o for quite a while nowqueremos quedarnos (por) un tiempo we want to stay for a while o for a timeun or algún tiempo atrás some time ago o backuna costumbre que viene de mucho tiempo atrás a custom that dates back a long waypoco tiempo después or al poco tiempo se volvieron a encontrar a short time later they met again o they met again not long afterward(s)de un tiempo a esta parte se ha vuelto muy agresivo he's been very aggressive recently o ( frml) of latetrabajar a tiempo completo/parcial to work full time/part time2(mucho tiempo): hacía tiempo que no lo veíamos we hadn't seen him for a long time o for quite a while o ( colloq) for agesya hace tiempo que se marchó she left quite some time ago o quite a while ago¡mira que yo lo venía diciendo desde hacía tiempo! haven't I been saying so for a long time o ( colloq) for ages?3(período disponible, tiempo suficiente): no he tenido tiempo de terminarlo I haven't had time to finish ithay tiempo de sobra para eso there's plenty of time for thatno tenemos mucho tiempo we don't have much timetengo todo el tiempo del mundo I've got all the time in the worldno sé de dónde voy a sacar el tiempo I don't know where I'm going to find the timeno tengo tiempo ni para respirar I hardly have time to breatheno he tenido tiempo material para hacerlo I haven't had a moment to do it o I just haven't had the time to do itme va a faltar tiempo para terminarlo I'm not going to have enough time to finish itno me ha dado tiempo a or de acabarlo I haven't had time to finish itno da tiempo de hacerlo todo there isn't (enough) time to do it alldame un poco de tiempo give me a bit of o a little timeno me dieron suficiente tiempo they didn't give me enough time¿qué tiempo hizo Espinosa? what was Espinosa's time?lo hizo en un tiempo récord she did it in record time5(de un bebé): ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? how old is he?Compuestos:uptimespare time, free timeC ( en locs):a tiempo in timeno vamos a llegar a tiempo we won't get there in timellegas justo a tiempo de echarnos una mano you're just in time to give us a handtodavía estamos a tiempo de coger el tren si vamos en taxi we can still catch o we still have time to catch the train if we take a taxipiénsatelo, todavía estás a tiempo think about it, there's still timecon tiempo in good timele gusta llegar con tiempo she likes to arrive with time to spare o in good timeavísame con tiempo let me know in advance o in good timesi llegan con tiempo pueden ver la galería antes if you arrive early, you can have a look at the gallery beforehandal mismo tiempo or a un tiempo at the same timeno hablen todos al mismo tiempo don't all talk at once o at the same timellegaron al mismo tiempo they arrived at the same timeal tiempo que at the same time as o thatcon el tiempo y una caña … everything in good timedar(le) tiempo al tiempo to be patientseguro que va a mejorar, tú dale tiempo al tiempo I'm sure she's going to get better, you just have to be patient o to give it timeno debemos precipitarnos, hay que dar tiempo al tiempo let's not rush into this, we must be patienthacerse tiempo (CS); to make timehacer tiempo (mientras se espera algo) to while away the time, to kill time; (para hacer algo) to make time;( Dep) to play for timematar el tiempo ( fam); to kill timerobarle tiempo al sueño to have less sleep than one needs, to burn the candle at both endsy si no ¡al tiempo! just you wait and see!, mark my words!el tiempo es oro time is precious, time is moneyel tiempo todo lo cura time is a great healertodo tiempo pasado fue mejor the past always looks betterD1(época): en mi(s) tiempo(s) esas cosas no pasaban things like that didn't use to happen in my day o my timeeran otros tiempos things were different then¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!esa música es del tiempo de mi abuela that music is from my grandmother's timeen aquellos tiempos un helado costaba una peseta at that time o back then o in those days an ice cream used to cost one pesetalos problemas de nuestro tiempo the problems of our time o ageen los tiempos que corren these days, nowadaysdesde tiempos inmemoriales from o since time immemorialaquéllos eran tiempos difíciles those were difficult timesen tiempos de paz in times of peace, in peacetimeestamos viviendo tiempos de crisis we are living in extremely difficult timesse ha adelantado a su tiempo he is ahead of his timehubo un tiempo en que yo pensaba igual there was a time when I thought the sameese peinado es del tiempo de Maricastaña ( fam); that hairstyle looks as if it came out of the ark ( colloq), that hairstyle looks really old-fashioned o out-of-date2 (temporada) seasontodavía no ha llegado el tiempo de las naranjas oranges aren't in season yetfruta del tiempo fresh fruit, seasonal fruit3(momento propio, oportuno): eso lo trataremos a su (debido) tiempo we'll deal with o discuss that in due coursecada cosa a su tiempo everything in (its own) good timelo sacó del fuego antes de tiempo she took it off the heat before it was readynació antes de tiempo he was premature, he was born prematurelyCompuesto:EastertideE1 ( Dep)(en un partido): primer/segundo tiempo first/second half2 ( Mec):un motor de dos/cuatro tiempos a two-stroke/four-stroke engine3 (de una sinfonía) movementCompuestos:time outF (compás) tempo, timeG ( Ling) tensetiempo simple/compuesto simple/compound tensehace buen tiempo the weather's good o fine, it's good o fine weather, it's fineel mal tiempo reinante the prevailing o current bad weathernos hizo un tiempo estupendo/asqueroso we had wonderful/terrible weatherel pronóstico del tiempo the weather forecast¿qué tal el tiempo por ahí? what's the weather like over there?del or ( Méx) al tiempo at room temperatureun vaso de leche del tiempo a glass of milk at room temperaturea mal tiempo, buena cara I/you/we may as well look on the bright side* * *
tiempo sustantivo masculino
1
◊ ¡cómo pasa el tiempo! how time flies!;
te acostumbrarás con el tiempo you'll get used to it in time;
perder el tiempo to waste time;
¡no hay tiempo que perder! there's no time to lose!;
para ganar tiempo (in order) to gain time;
tiempo libre spare time, free time;
¿cuánto tiempo hace que no lo ves? how long is it since you last saw him?;
hace tiempo que no sé de él I haven't heard from him for a long time;
ya hace tiempo que se marchó she left quite some time ago;
¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! I haven't seen you for ages;
la mayor parte del tiempo most of the time;
me llevó mucho tiempo it took me a long time;
no pude quedarme más tiempo I couldn't stay any longer;
poco tiempo después a short time after;
de un tiempo a esta parte for some time (now);
a tiempo completo/parcial full time/part time;
no vamos a llegar a tiempo we won't get there in time;
al mismo tiempo at the same time;
avísame con tiempo let me know in good time;
¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!;
en aquellos tiempos at that time, in those days
c) (momento propio, oportuno):
cada cosa a su tiempo everything in (its own) good timed) ( edad de bebé):◊ ¿cuánto tiempo tiene? how old is he?
2 (Dep) ( en partido) half;
3 (Mús) ( compás) tempo, time;
( de sinfonía) movement
4 (Ling) tense
5 (Meteo) weather;◊ hace buen/mal tiempo the weather's good/bad;
del or (Méx) al tiempo ‹ bebida› at room temperature
tiempo sustantivo masculino
1 (indeterminado) time: llegó a tiempo para ver el espectáculo, he got there in time to see the show
hace mucho tiempo, a long time ago
me llevó mucho tiempo, it took me a long time
la vi poco tiempo después, I saw her a short time after o soon afterwards
¿cuánto tiempo tienes para acabarlo?, how long have you got to finish it?
es tiempo perdido, it's a waste of time
tómate tu tiempo, take your time
no puedo quedarme más tiempo, I can't stay any longer
a su (debido) tiempo, in due course
a un tiempo/al mismo tiempo, at the same time
de tiempo en tiempo, from time to time
tiempo libre, free time
2 (de un bebé) age: ¿cuánto o qué tiempo tiene?, how old is she?
3 (época) en mis tiempos de estudiante, in my student days
nació en tiempos de Luis XIV, he was born in the time of Louis XIV
malos tiempos o fig tiempo de vacas flacas, hard times o rainy days
4 Meteor weather
hace buen tiempo, the weather is good
tiempo tormentoso, stormy weather
5 Mús tempo
6 Dep half
primer tiempo, first half
tiempo muerto, time out
7 Ling tense 8 del tiempo, (temperatura ambiente) póngame un refresco del tiempo, no lo quiero con hielo, could I have a non-refrigerated soft drink, please
9 Auto (motor) de dos/cuatro tiempos, two-cycle/four-cycle
♦ Locuciones: dar tiempo al tiempo, to let matters take their course
hacer tiempo, to while away the time
matar el tiempo, to kill time
Lab a tiempo parcial/completo, part/full time
con el tiempo, in the course of time
de un tiempo a esta parte, lately
' tiempo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- acá
- achuchar
- adelanto
- alborotada
- alborotado
- alborotarse
- allá
- andar
- anquilosarse
- antes
- anticiclónica
- anticiclónico
- anticiparse
- apremiar
- aprovechada
- aprovechado
- apurada
- apurado
- aquí
- áspera
- áspero
- atonía
- atrás
- avenida
- avenido
- bizantina
- bizantino
- bochorno
- cargada
- cargado
- cerca
- coincidir
- conceder
- congraciarse
- contrarreloj
- contrato
- corta
- corto
- costar
- cuando
- cuanta
- cuanto
- cundir
- de
- debida
- debido
- dedicar
- descontar
- desde
English:
absorb
- accomplice
- accustom
- administration
- advance
- advantage
- after
- age
- ago
- ahead
- allow
- as
- at
- barring
- be
- beautiful
- before
- begin
- behind
- best
- between
- beyond
- bitter
- bleak
- boiling
- breezy
- brighten up
- brisk
- busy
- by
- bygone
- calm
- catch up
- change
- clear up
- clock
- concurrently
- corner
- course
- dawdle
- demand
- depend
- dilly-dally
- distant
- drag
- dull
- early
- encroach
- end
- enough
* * *tiempo nm1. [transcurso, rato, momento] time;es una tarea que lleva mucho tiempo it's a very time-consuming task;¡cómo pasa el tiempo! time flies!;todo el tiempo all the time;estuvo todo el tiempo de pie he was standing up the whole time;al mismo tiempo at the same time;al poco tiempo, poco tiempo después soon after(wards);podríamos discutirlo al tiempo que comemos we could discuss it while we eat;antes de tiempo [nacer] prematurely;[florecer, celebrar] early;muchos llegaron antes de tiempo a lot of people arrived early;a tiempo completo full-time;a tiempo parcial part-time;a su (debido) tiempo in due course;cada cosa a su tiempo everything in due course o in good time;a un tiempo at the same time;empujaron todos a un tiempo they all pushed together o at the same time;cada cierto tiempo every so often;¿cada cuánto tiempo tiene que tomarlo? how often o frequently does he have to take it?;con el tiempo in time;de tiempo en tiempo from time to time, now and then;de un tiempo a esta parte recently, for a while now;dar tiempo al tiempo to give things time;el tiempo lo dirá time will tell;ganar tiempo to save time;hacer tiempo to pass the time;RPhacerse tiempo to make time, to find time;matar el tiempo to kill time;perder el tiempo to waste time;no hay tiempo que perder there's no time to lose;el tiempo es oro time is money;el tiempo todo lo cura time is a great healerInformát tiempo de acceso access time; Informát tiempo de búsqueda search time;tiempo de cocción cooking time;Fot tiempo de exposición exposure time;te dan tiempo libre para asuntos personales they give you time off for personal matters;tiempo muerto idle time;tiempo de ocio leisure time;Informát tiempo real real time; Informát tiempo de respuesta response time;tiempo universal coordinado Coordinated Universal Time2. [periodo disponible, suficiente] time;¡se acabó el tiempo! pueden ir entregando los exámenes time's up, start handing in your papers!;a tiempo (para algo/de hacer algo) in time (for sth/to do sth);no llegamos a tiempo de ver el principio we didn't arrive in time to see o for the beginning;estar a tiempo de hacer algo to be in time to do sth;si quieres apuntarte, aún estás a tiempo if you want to join in, you still have time o it's not too late;con tiempo (de sobra) with plenty of time to spare, in good time;¿nos dará tiempo? will we have (enough) time?;dame tiempo y yo mismo lo haré give me (a bit of) time and I'll do it myself;me faltó tiempo para terminarlo I didn't have (enough) time to finish it;Fam Irónicole faltó tiempo para ir y contárselo a todo el mundo she wasted no time in telling everyone about it;sacar tiempo para hacer algo to find (the) time to do sth;¿tienes tiempo para tomar algo? do you have time for a drink?;tenemos todo el tiempo del mundo we have all the time in the world3. [periodo largo] long time;¿cuánto tiempo hace (de eso)? how long ago (was that)?;¿cuánto tiempo hace que no vas al teatro? how long is it since you went to the theatre?;¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! it's been ages since I saw you!, I haven't seen you for ages!;hace tiempo que it is a long time since;hace tiempo que no vive aquí he hasn't lived here for some time;hace mucho tiempo que no lo veo I haven't seen him for ages;tiempo atrás some time ago;Méxtener tiempo de algo: tiene tiempo de estudiar lingüística she's been studying linguistics for a long time;tómate tu tiempo (para hacerlo) take your time (over it o to do it)4. [época] time;aquél fue un tiempo de paz y felicidad those were peaceful and happy times, it was a time of peace and happiness;corren o [m5] son malos tiempos para el estudio del latín it isn't a good time to be studying Latin;en estos tiempos que corren these days;del tiempo [fruta] of the season;las ideas de nuestro tiempo the ideas of our time o day;el hombre de nuestro tiempo modern man;el mejor boxeador de todos los tiempos the greatest ever boxer, the greatest boxer of all time;mi álbum favorito de todos los tiempos my all-time favourite album, my favourite ever album;en aquellos tiempos, por aquel tiempo in those days, back then, at that time;en los buenos tiempos in the good old days;en mis tiempos in my day o time;Johnson, en otro tiempo plusmarquista mundial,… Johnson, once the world record-holder o the former world record-holder,…;en tiempo(s) de Napoleón in Napoleon's time o day;eran otros tiempos (entonces) things were different (back) then;¡qué tiempos aquellos! those were the days!;en tiempos [antiguamente] in former times;en tiempos de Maricastaña donkey's years ago;5. [edad] age;¿qué tiempo tiene? how old is he?6. [clima] weather;¿qué tal está el tiempo?, ¿qué tal tiempo hace? what's the weather like?;buen/mal tiempo good/bad weather;hizo buen/mal tiempo the weather was good/bad;nos hizo un tiempo horrible we had terrible weather;estas cervezas están del tiempo these beers aren't cold o haven't been chilled;hace un tiempo de perros it's a foul day;poner al mal tiempo buena cara to put a brave face on things[cuarto] quarter;primer/segundo tiempo first/second halftiempo añadido injury o stoppage time;tiempo de descuento injury o stoppage time;tiempo muerto time-out;tiempo reglamentario normal time8. [marca] [en carreras] time;consiguió un tiempo excelente his time was excellent;lograron clasificarse por tiempos they qualified as fastest loserstiempo intermedio split time [at halfway point];tiempo parcial split time;tiempo récord record time;en un tiempo récord in record time9. [movimiento] movement;levantó las pesas en dos tiempos he lifted the weights in two movements;motor de cuatro tiempos four-stroke engine10. Gram tensetiempo compuesto compound tense;tiempo simple simple tense[movimiento] movement; [compás] time* * *m1 time;a tiempo in time;a un tiempo, al mismo tiempo at the same time;a su (debido) tiempo in due course;cada cosa a su tiempo all in good time;con tiempo in good time, early;dar tiempo al tiempo give things time;hacer tiempo while away the time;desde hace mucho tiempo for a long time;hace mucho tiempo a long time ago;de tiempo en tiempo from time to time;de un tiempo a esta parte for some time now;durante algún tiempo for some time;por poco tiempo for a short time;hace tanto tiempo it’s so long ago;el tiempo es oro time is money;con el tiempo, andando el tiempo with time, in time;trabajar a tiempo completo/parcial work full/part time;le faltó tiempo para … fig he couldn’t wait to…;poner al mal tiempo buena cara fig look on the bright side;volver el tiempo atrás fig turn the clock back2 ( época):en mis tiempos in my day3 ( clima) weather;hace buen/mal tiempo the weather’s fine/bad4 GRAM tensemedio tiempo half time6 ( edad):* * *tiempo nm1) : timejusto a tiempo: just in timeperder tiempo: to waste timetiempo libre: spare time2) : period, ageen los tiempos que corren: nowadays3) : season, momentantes de tiempo: prematurely4) : weatherhace buen tiempo: the weather is fine, it's nice outside5) : tempo (in music)6) : half (in sports)7) : tense (in grammar)* * *tiempo n1. (período, momento) time2. (período largo) long time / ages3. (estado atmosférico) weather5. (de un bebé) age¿cuánto tiempo tiene tu bebé? how old is your baby?6. (verbal) tense¿cuánto tiempo hace que...? how long...?¿cuánto tiempo hace que conoces a Susana? how long have you known Susana?¡cuánto tiempo sin verte! it's been ages since I saw you!tiempo libre free time / spare time -
20 ἐν
ἐν prep. w. dat. (Hom.+). For lit. s. ἀνά and εἰς, beg. For special NT uses s. AOepke, TW II 534–39. The uses of this prep. are so many and various, and oft. so easily confused, that a strictly systematic treatment is impossible. It must suffice to list the main categories, which will help establish the usage in individual cases. The earliest auditors/readers, not being inconvenienced by grammatical and lexical debates, would readily absorb the context and experience little difficulty.① marker of a position defined as being in a location, in, among (the basic idea, Rob. 586f)ⓐ of the space or place within which someth. is found, in: ἐν τῇ πόλει Lk 7:37. ἐν Βηθλέεμ Mt 2:1. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ 3:1 (Just., D. 19, 5, cp. A I, 12, 6 ἐν ἐρημίᾳ) ἐν τῷ ἱερῷ Ac 5:42. ἐν οἴκῳ 1 Ti 3:15 and very oft. ἐν τοῖς τοῦ πατρός μου in my Father’s house Lk 2:49 and perh. Mt 20:15 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302, C. Ap. 1, 118 ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Διός; PTebt 12, 3; POxy 523, 3; Tob 6:11 S; Goodsp., Probs. 81–83). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ Mt 20:3. ἐν (τῷ) οὐρανῷ in heaven (Arat., Phaen. 10; Diod S 4, 61, 6; Plut., Mor. 359d τὰς ψυχὰς ἐν οὐρανῷ λάμπειν ἄστρα; Tat. 12, 2 τὰ ἄστρα τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ) Ac 2:19 (Jo 3:3); Rv 12:1; IEph 19:2.—W. quotations and accounts of the subject matter of literary works: in (Ps.-Demetr. c. 226 ὡς ἐν τῷ Εὐθυδήμῳ; Simplicius in Epict. p. 28, 37 ἐν τῷ Φαίδωνι; Ammon. Hermiae in Aristot. De Interpret. c. 9 p. 136, 20 Busse ἐν Τιμαίῳ παρειλήφαμεν=we have received as a tradition; 2 Macc 2:4; 1 Esdr 1:40; 5:48; Sir 50:27; Just., A I, 60, 1 ἐν τῷ παρὰ Πλάτωνι Τιμαίῳ) ἐν τῇ ἐπιστολῇ 1 Cor 5:9. ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Lk 24:44; J 1:45. ἐν τοῖς προφήταις Ac 13:40. ἐν Ἠλίᾳ in the story of Elijah Ro 11:2 (Just., D. 120, 3 ἐν τῷ Ἰούδα). ἐν τῷ Ὡσηέ 9:25 (Just., D. 44, 2 ἐν τῷ Ἰεζεκιήλ). ἐν Δαυίδ in the Psalter ( by David is also prob.: s. 6) Hb 4:7. ἐν ἑτέρῳ προφήτῃ in another prophet B 6:14. Of inner life φανεροῦσθαι ἐν ταῖς συνειδήσεσι be made known to (your) consciences 2 Cor 5:11. ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ Mt 5:28; 13:19; 2 Cor 11:12 et al.ⓑ on ἐν τῷ ὄρει (X., An. 4, 3, 31; Diod S 14, 16, 2 λόφος ἐν ᾧ=a hill on which; Jos., Ant. 12, 259; Just., D. 67, 9 ἐν ὄρει Χωρήβ) J 4:20f; Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40). ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ in the market Mt 20:3. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mt 5:25. ἐν πλαξίν on tablets 2 Cor 3:3. ἐν ταῖς γωνίαις τῶν πλατειῶν on the street corners Mt 6:5.ⓒ within the range of, at, near (Soph., Fgm. 37 [34 N.2] ἐν παντὶ λίθῳ=near every stone; Artem. 4, 24 p. 217, 19 ἐν Τύρῳ=near Tyre; Polyaenus 8, 24, 7 ἐν τῇ νησῖδι=near the island; Diog. L. 1, 34; 85; 97 τὰ ἐν ποσίν=what is before one’s feet; Jos., Vi. 227 ἐν Χαβωλώ) ἐν τῷ γαζοφυλακείῳ (q.v.) J 8:20. ἐν τῷ Σιλωάμ near the pool of Siloam Lk 13:4. καθίζειν ἐν τῇ δεξιᾷ τινος sit at someone’s right hand (cp. 1 Esdr 4:29) Eph 1:20; Hb 1:3; 8:1.ⓓ among, in (Hom.+; PTebt 58, 41 [111 B.C.]; Sir 16:6; 31:9; 1 Macc 4:58; 5:2; TestAbr B 9 p. 13, 27 [Stone p. 74]; Just., A I, 5, 4 ἐν βαρβάροις) ἐν τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ in the generation now living Mk 8:38. ἐν τῷ γένει μου among my people Gal 1:14 (Just., D. 51, 1 al. ἐν τῷ γένει ὑμῶν). ἐν ἡμῖν Hb 13:26. ἐν τῷ ὄχλῳ in the crowd Mk 5:30 (cp. Sir 7:7). ἐν ἀλλήλοις mutually (Thu. 1, 24, 4; Just., D. 101, 3) Ro 1:12; 15:5. ἐν τοῖς ἡγεμόσιν (=among the commanding officers: Diod S 18, 61, 2; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 21 §84) Ἰούδα Mt 2:6 et al. ἐν ἀνθρώποις among people (as Himerius, Or. 48 [14], 11; Just., A I, 23, 3, D. 64, 7) Lk 2:14; cp. Ac 4:12.ⓔ before, in the presence of, etc. (cp. Od. 2, 194; Eur., Andr. 359; Pla., Leg. 9, 879b; Demosth. 24, 207; Polyb. 5, 39, 6; Epict. 3, 22, 8; Appian, Maced. 18 §2 ἐν τοῖς φίλοις=in the presence of his friends; Sir 19:8; Jdth 6:2; PPetr. II, 4 [6], 16 [255/254 B.C.] δινὸν γάρ ἐστιν ἐν ὄχλῳ ἀτιμάζεσθαι=before a crowd) σοφίαν λαλοῦμεν ἐν τοῖς τελείοις in the presence of mature (i.e. spiritually sophisticated) adults 1 Cor 2:6 (cp. Simplicius in Epict. p. 131, 20 λέγειν τὰ θεωρήματα ἐν ἰδιώταις). ἐν τ. ὠσὶν ὑμῶν in your hearing Lk 4:21 (cp. Judg 17:2; 4 Km 23:2; Bar 1:3f), where the words can go linguistically just as well w. πεπλήρωται as w. ἡ γραφὴ αὕτη (this passage of scripture read in your hearing). ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖς τινος in someone’s eyes, i.e. judgment (Wsd 3:2; Sir 8:16; Jdth 3:4; 12:14; 1 Macc 1:12) Mt 21:42 (Ps 117:23). ἔν τινι in the same mng. as early as Trag. (Soph., Oed. C. 1213 ἐν ἐμοί=in my judgment, Ant. 925 ἐν θεοῖς καλά; also Pla., Prot. 337b; 343c) ἐν ἐμοί 1 Cor 14:11; possibly J 3:21 (s. 4c below) and Jd 1 belong here.—In the ‘forensic’ sense ἔν τινι can mean in someone’s court or forum (Soph., Ant. 459; Pla., Gorg. 464d, Leg. 11, 916b; Ael. Aristid. 38, 3 K.=7 p. 71 D.; 46 p. 283, 334 D.; Diod S 19, 51, 4; Ps.-Heraclit., Ep. 4, 6; but in several of these pass. the mng. does not go significantly beyond ‘in the presence of’ [s. above]) ἐν ὑμῖν 1 Cor 6:2 ( by you is also tenable; s. 6 below).ⓕ esp. to describe certain processes, inward: ἐν ἑαυτῷ to himself, i.e. in silence, διαλογίζεσθαι Mk 2:8; Lk 12:17; διαπορεῖν Ac 10:17; εἰδέναι J 6:61; λέγειν Mt 3:9; 9:21; Lk 7:49; εἰπεῖν 7:39 al.; ἐμβριμᾶσθαι J 11:38.② marker of a state or condition, inⓐ of being clothed and metaphors assoc. with such condition in, with (Hdt. 2, 159; X., Mem. 3, 11, 4; Diod S 1, 12, 9; Herodian 2, 13, 3; Jdth 10:3; 1 Macc 6:35; 2 Macc 3:33) ἠμφιεσμένον ἐν μαλακοῖς dressed in soft clothes Mt 11:8. περιβάλλεσθαι ἐν ἱματίοις Rv 3:5; 4:4. ἔρχεσθαι ἐν ἐνδύμασι προβάτων come in sheep’s clothing Mt 7:15. περιπατεῖν ἐν στολαῖς walk about in long robes Mk 12:38 (Tat. 2, 1 ἐν πορφυρίδι περιπατῶν); cp. Ac 10:30; Mt 11:21; Lk 10:13. ἐν λευκοῖς in white (Artem. 2, 3; 4, 2 ἐν λευκοῖς προϊέναι; Epict. 3, 22, 1) J 20:12; Hv 4, 2, 1. Prob. corresp. ἐν σαρκί clothed in flesh (cp. Diod S 1, 12, 9 deities appear ἐν ζῴων μορφαῖς) 1 Ti 3:16; 1J 4:2; 2J 7. ἐν πάσῃ τῇ δόξῃ αὐτοῦ in all his glory Mt 6:29 (cp. 1 Macc 10:86). ἐν τ. δόξῃ τοῦ πατρός clothed in his Father’s glory 16:27; cp. 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:31.ⓑ of other states and conditions (so freq. w. γίνομαι, εἰμί; Attic wr.; PPetr II, 11 [1], 8 [III B.C.] γράφε, ἵνα εἰδῶμεν ἐν οἷς εἶ; 39 [g], 16; UPZ 110, 176 [164 B.C.] et al.; LXX; Just., A I, 13, 2 πάλιν ἐν ἀφθαρσίᾳ γενέσθαι; 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι; Tat. 20, 1f οὐκ ἔστι γὰρ ἄπειρος ὁ οὐρανός, … πεπερασμένος δὲ καὶ ἐν τέρματι; Mel., HE 4, 26, 6 ἐν … λεηλασίᾳ ‘plundering’): ὑπάρχων ἐν βασάνοις Lk 16:23. ἐν τῷ θανάτῳ 1J 3:14. ἐν ζωῇ Ro 5:10. ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς Phlm 13 (Just., A II, 2, 11 ἐν δ. γενέσθαι). ἐν πειρασμοῖς 1 Pt 1:6; ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. ἐν ὁμοιώματι σαρκός Ro 8:3. ἐν πολλῷ ἀγῶνι 1 Th 2:2. ἐν φθορᾷ in a state of corruptibility 1 Cor 15:42. ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ἔχειν 2 Cor 10:6 (cp. PEleph 10, 7 [223/222 B.C.] τ. λοιπῶν ἐν ἑτοίμῳ ὄντων; PGen 76, 8; 3 Macc 5:8); ἐν ἐκστάσει in a state of trance Ac 11:5 (opp. Just., D, 115, 3 ἐν καταστάσει ὤν). Of qualities: ἐν πίστει κ. ἀγάπῃ κ. ἁγιασμῷ 1 Ti 2:15; ἐν κακίᾳ καὶ φθόνῳ Tit 3:3; ἐν πανουργίᾳ 2 Cor 4:2; ἐν εὐσεβείᾳ καὶ σεμνότητι 1 Ti 2:2; ἐν τῇ ἀνοχῇ τοῦ θεοῦ Ro 3:26; ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7; ἐν δόξῃ Phil 4:19.③ marker of extension toward a goal that is understood to be within an area or condition, into: ἐν is somet. used w. verbs of motion where εἰς would normally be expected (Diod S 23, 8, 1 Ἄννων ἐπέρασε ἐν Σικελίᾳ; Hero I 142, 7; 182, 4; Paus. 7, 4, 3 διαβάντες ἐν τῇ Σάμῳ; Epict. 1, 11, 32; 2, 20, 33; Aelian, VH 4, 18; Vett. Val. 210, 26; 212, 6 al., s. index; Pel.-Leg. 1, 4; 5; 2, 1; PParis 10, 2 [145 B.C.] ἀνακεχώρηκεν ἐν Ἀλεξανδρείᾳ; POxy 294, 4; BGU 22, 13; Tob 5:5 BA; 1 Macc 10:43; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 23=Stone p. 60 [s. on the LXX Thackeray 25]; πέμψον αὐτοὺς ἐν πολέμῳ En 10:9; TestAbr A 6 p. 83, 22 [Stone p. 14] δάκρυα … ἐν τῷ νιπτῆρι πίπτοντα): εἰσέρχεσθαι Lk 9:46; Rv 11:11; ἀπάγειν GJs 6:1; ἀνάγειν 7:1; εἰσάγειν 10:1; καταβαίνειν J 5:3 (4) v.l.; ἀναβαίνειν GJs 22:13; ἀπέρχεσθαι (Diod S 23, 18, 5) Hs 1:6; ἥκειν GJs 5:1; ἀποστέλλειν 25:1. To be understood otherwise: ἐξῆλθεν ὁ λόγος ἐν ὅλῃ τῇ Ἰουδαίᾳ the word went out = spread in all Judaea Lk 7:17; likew. 1 Th 1:8. The metaphorical expr. ἐπιστρέψαι ἀπειθεῖς ἐν φρονήσει δικαίων turn the disobedient to the wisdom of the righteous Lk 1:17 is striking but consistent w. the basic sense of ἐν. S. also γίνομαι, δίδωμι, ἵστημι, καλέω, and τίθημι. ἐν μέσῳ among somet. answers to the question ‘whither’ (B-D-F §215, 3) Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 8:7.④ marker of close association within a limit, inⓐ fig., of pers., to indicate the state of being filled w. or gripped by someth.: in someone=in one’s innermost being ἐν αὐτῷ κατοικεῖ πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα in him dwells all the fullness Col 2:9. ἐν αὐτῷ ἐκτίσθη τὰ πάντα (prob. to be understood as local, not instrumental, since ἐν αὐ. would otherwise be identical w. διʼ αὐ. in the same vs.) everything was created in association with him 1:16 (cp. M. Ant. 4, 23 ἐν σοὶ πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; AFeuillet, NTS 12, ’65, 1–9). ἐν τῷ θεῷ κέκρυπται ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν your life is hid in God 3:3; cp. 2:3. Of sin in humans Ro 7:17f; cp. κατεργάζεσθαι vs. 8. Of Christ who, as a spiritual being, fills people so as to be in charge of their lives 8:10; 2 Cor 13:5, abides J 6:56, lives Gal 2:20, and takes form 4:19 in them. Of the divine word: οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν ἡμῖν 1J 1:10; μένειν ἔν τινι J 5:38; ἐνοικεῖν Col 3:16. Of God’s spirit: οἰκεῖν (ἐνοικεῖν) ἔν τινι Ro 8:9, 11; 1 Cor 3:16; 2 Ti 1:14. Of spiritual gifts 1 Ti 4:14; 2 Ti 1:6. Of miraculous powers ἐνεργεῖν ἔν τινι be at work in someone Mt 14:2; Mk 6:14; ποιεῖν ἔν τινι εὐάρεστον Hb 13:21. The same expr. of God or evil spirits, who somehow work in people: 1 Cor 12:6; Phil 2:13; Eph 2:2 al.ⓑ of the whole, w. which the parts are closely joined: μένειν ἐν τῇ ἀμπέλῳ remain in the vine J 15:4. ἐν ἑνὶ σώματι μέλη πολλὰ ἔχομεν in one body we have many members Ro 12:4. κρέμασθαι ἔν τινι depend on someth. Mt 22:40.ⓒ esp. in Paul. or Joh. usage, to designate a close personal relation in which the referent of the ἐν-term is viewed as the controlling influence: under the control of, under the influence of, in close association with (cp. ἐν τῷ Δαυιδ εἰμί 2 Km 19:44): of Christ εἶναι, μένειν ἐν τῷ πατρί (ἐν τῷ θεῷ) J 10:38; 14:10f (difft. CGordon, ‘In’ of Predication or Equivalence: JBL 100, ’81, 612f); and of Christians 1J 3:24; 4:13, 15f; be or abide in Christ J 14:20; 15:4f; μένειν ἐν τῷ υἱῷ καὶ ἐν τῷ πατρί 1J 2:24. ἔργα ἐν θεῷ εἰργασμένα done in communion with God J 3:21 (but s. 1e above).—In Paul the relation of the individual to Christ is very oft. expressed by such phrases as ἐν Χριστῷ, ἐν κυρίῳ etc., also vice versa (FNeugebauer, NTS 4, ’57/58, 124–38; AWedderburn, JSNT 25, ’85, 83–97) ἐν ἐμοὶ Χριστός Gal 2:20, but here in the sense of a above.—See, e.g., Dssm., D. ntl. Formel ‘in Christo Jesu’ 1892; EWeber, D. Formel ‘in Chr. Jesu’ u. d. paul. Christusmystik: NKZ 31, 1920, 213ff; LBrun, Zur Formel ‘in Chr. Jesus’ im Phil: Symbolae Arctoae 1, 1922, 19–37; MHansen, Omkring Paulus-Formeln ‘i Kristus’: TK 4/10, 1929, 135–59; HBöhlig, ʼΕν κυρίῳ: GHeinrici Festschr. 1914, 170–75; OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinschaft d. Pls2 ’56; AWikenhauser, D. Christusmystik d. Pls2 ’56; KMittring, Heilswirklichkeit b. Pls; Beitrag z. Verständnis der unio cum Christo in d. Plsbriefen 1929; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik d. Ap. Pls 1930 (Eng. tr., WMontgomery, The Myst. of Paul the Ap., ’31); WSchmauch, In Christus ’35; BEaston, Pastoral Ep. ’47, 210f; FBüchsel, ‘In Chr.’ b. Pls: ZNW 42, ’49, 141–58. Also HKorn, D. Nachwirkungen d. Christusmystik d. Pls in den Apost. Vätern, diss. Berlin 1928; EAndrews, Interpretation 6, ’52, 162–77; H-LParisius, ZNW 49, ’58, 285–88 (10 ‘forensic’ passages); JAllan, NTS 5, ’58/59, 54–62 (Eph), ibid. 10, ’63, 115–21 (pastorals); FNeugebauer, In Christus, etc. ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body ( 1 Cor 15) ’62, 110–13.—Paul has the most varied expressions for this new life-principle: life in Christ Ro 6:11, 23; love in Christ 8:39; grace, which is given in Christ 1 Cor 1:4; freedom in Chr. Gal 2:4; blessing in Chr. 3:14; unity in Chr. vs. 28. στήκειν ἐν κυρίῳ stand firm in the Lord Phil 4:1; εὑρεθῆναι ἐν Χ. be found in Christ 3:9; εἶναι ἐν Χ. 1 Cor 1:30; οἱ ἐν Χ. Ro 8:1.—1 Pt 5:14; κοιμᾶσθαι ἐν Χ., ἀποθνῄσκειν ἐν κυρίῳ 1 Cor 15:18.—Rv 14:13; ζῳοποιεῖσθαι 1 Cor 15:22.—The formula is esp. common w. verbs that denote a conviction, hope, etc. πεποιθέναι Gal 5:10; Phil 1:14; 2 Th 3:4. παρρησίαν ἔχειν Phlm 8. πέπεισμαι Ro 14:14. ἐλπίζειν Phil 2:19. καύχησιν ἔχειν Ro 15:17; 1 Cor 15:31. τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν Phil 4:2. ὑπακούειν Eph 6:1. λαλεῖν 2 Cor 2:17; 12:19. ἀλήθειαν λέγειν Ro 9:1. λέγειν καὶ μαρτύρεσθαι Eph 4:17. But also apart fr. such verbs, in numerous pass. it is used w. verbs and nouns of the most varied sort, often without special emphasis, to indicate the scope within which someth. takes place or has taken place, or to designate someth. as being in close assoc. w. Christ, and can be rendered, variously, in connection with, in intimate association with, keeping in mind ἁγιάζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:2, or ἅγιος ἐν Χ. Phil 1:1; ἀσπάζεσθαί τινα 1 Cor 16:19. δικαιοῦσθαι Gal 2:17. κοπιᾶν Ro 16:12. παρακαλεῖν 1 Th 4:1. προσδέχεσθαί τινα Ro 16:2; Phil 2:29. χαίρειν 3:1; 4:4, 10. γαμηθῆναι ἐν κυρίῳ marry in the Lord=marry a Christian 1 Cor 7:39. προϊστάμενοι ὑμῶν ἐν κυρίῳ your Christian leaders (in the church) 1 Th 5:12 (but s. προί̈στημι 1 and 2).—εὐάρεστος Col 3:20. νήπιος 1 Cor 3:1. φρόνιμος 4:10. παιδαγωγοί vs. 15. ὁδοί vs. 17. Hence used in periphrasis for ‘Christian’ οἱ ὄντες ἐν κυρίῳ Ro 16:11; ἄνθρωπος ἐν Χ. 2 Cor 12:2; αἱ ἐκκλησίαι αἱ ἐν Χ. Gal 1:22; 1 Th 2:14; νεκροὶ ἐν Χ. 4:16; ἐκλεκτός Ro 16:13. δόκιμος vs. 10. δέσμιος Eph 4:1. πιστὸς διάκονος 6:21; ἐν Χ. γεννᾶν τινα become someone’s parent in the Christian life 1 Cor 4:15. τὸ ἔργον μου ὑμεῖς ἐστε ἐν κυρίῳ 9:1.—The use of ἐν πνεύματι as a formulaic expression is sim.: ἐν πν. εἶναι be under the impulsion of the spirit, i.e. the new self, as opposed to ἐν σαρκί under the domination of the old self Ro 8:9; cp. ἐν νόμῳ 2:12. λαλεῖν speak under divine inspiration 1 Cor 12:3. ἐγενόμην ἐν πνεύματι I was in a state of inspiration Rv 1:10; 4:2; opp. ἐν ἑαυτῷ γενόμενος came to himself Ac 12:11 (cp. X., An. 1, 5, 17 et al.).—The expr. ἐν πν. εἶναι is also used to express the idea that someone is under the special infl. of a good or even an undesirable spirit: Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; Lk 2:27; 1 Cor 12:3; Rv 17:3; 21:10. ἄνθρωπος ἐν πν. ἀκαθάρτῳ (ὤν) Mk 1:23 (s. GBjörck, ConNeot 7, ’42, 1–3).—ἐν τῷ πονηρῷ κεῖσθαι be in the power of the evil one 1J 5:19. οἱ ἐν νόμῳ those who are subject to the law Ro 3:19. ἐν τῷ Ἀδὰμ ἀποθνῄσκειν die because of a connection w. Adam 1 Cor 15:22.—On the formula ἐν ὀνόματι (Χριστοῦ) s. ὄνομα 1, esp. dγג. The OT is the source of the expr. ὀμνύναι ἔν τινι swear by someone or someth. (oft. LXX) Mt 5:34ff; 23:16, 18ff; Rv 10:6; παραγγέλλομέν σοι ἐν Ἰησοῦ Ac 19:14 v.l. The usage in ὁμολογεῖν ἔν τινι acknowledge someone Mt 10:32; Lk 12:8 (s. ὁμολογέω 4b) is Aramaic.⑤ marker introducing means or instrument, with, a construction that begins w. Homer (many examples of instrumental ἐν in Radermacher’s edition of Ps.-Demetr., Eloc. p. 100; Reader, Polemo p. 258) but whose wide currency in our lit. is partly caused by the infl. of the LXX, and its similarity to the Hebr. constr. w. בְּ (B-D-F §219; Mlt. 104; Mlt-H. 463f; s. esp. M-M p. 210).ⓐ it can serve to introduce persons or things that accompany someone to secure an objective: ‘along with’α. pers., esp. of a military force, w. blending of associative (s. 4) and instrumental idea (1 Macc 1:17; 7:14, 28 al.): ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ὑπαντῆσαι meet, w. 10,000 men Lk 14:31 (cp. 1 Macc 4:6, 29 συνήντησεν αὐτοῖς Ἰούδας ἐν δέκα χιλιάσιν ἀνδρῶν). ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσιν αὐτοῦ Jd 14 (cp. Jdth 16:3 ἦλθεν ἐν μυριάσι δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ).β. impers. (oft. LXX; PTebt 41, 5 [c. 119 B.C.]; 16, 14 [114 B.C.]; 45, 17 al., where people rush into the village or the house ἐν μαχαίρῃ, ἐν ὅπλοις). (Just., D. 86, 6 τῆς ἀξίνης, ἐν ἧ πεπορευμένοι ἦσαν … κόψαι ξύλα) ἐν ῥάβδῳ ἔρχεσθαι come with a stick (as a means of discipline) 1 Cor 4:21 (cp. Lucian, Dial. Mort. 23, 3 Ἑρμῆν καθικόμενον ἐν τῇ ῥάβδῳ; Gen 32:11; 1 Km 17:43; 1 Ch 11:23; Dssm., B 115f [BS 120]). ἐν πληρώματι εὐλογίας with the full blessing Ro 15:29. ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ Mt 16:28. ἐν αἵματι Hb 9:25 (cp. Mi 6:6). ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6. ἐν πνεύματι καὶ δυνάμει τοῦ Ἠλίου equipped w. the spirit and power of Elijah Lk 1:17. φθάνειν ἐν τῷ εὐαγγελίῳ come with the preaching of the gospel 2 Cor 10:14. μὴ ἐν ζύμῃ παλαιᾷ not burdened w. old leaven 1 Cor 5:8.ⓑ it can serve to express means or instrumentality in terms of location for a specific action (cp. TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 5f [Stone p. 30] κρατῶν ἐν τῇ χειρὶ αὐτοῦ ζυγόν; Tat. 9, 2 οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεσσοῖς ἀθύροντες ‘those who play w. gaming pieces’ [as, e.g., in backgammon]): κατακαίειν ἐν πυρί Rv 17:16 (cp. Bar 1:2; 1 Esdr 1:52; 1 Macc 5:5 al.; as early as Il. 24, 38; cp. POxy 2747, 74; Aelian, HA 14, 15. Further, the ἐν Rv 17:16 is not textually certain). ἐν ἅλατι ἁλίζειν, ἀρτύειν Mt 5:13; Mk 9:50; Lk 14:34 (s. M-M p. 210; WHutton, ET 58, ’46/47, 166–68). ἐν τῷ αἵματι λευκαίνειν Rv 7:14. ἐν αἵματι καθαρίζειν Hb 9:22. ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ ἀποκτείνειν kill with the sword Rv 6:8 (1 Esdr 1:50; 1 Macc 2:9; cp. 3:3; Jdth 16:4; ἀπολεῖ ἐν ῥομφαίᾳ En 99:16; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] ἐν ῥ. πεσῇ … πεσοῦνται ἐν μαχαίρῃ; cp. Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 12 ἐν ἀκοντίῳ φονεύειν). ἐν μαχαίρῃ πατάσσειν Lk 22:49 (διχοτομήσατε … ἐν μ. GrBar 16:3); ἐν μ. ἀπόλλυσθαι perish by the sword Mt 26:52. ποιμαίνειν ἐν ῥάβδῳ σιδηρᾷ Rv 2:27; 12:5; 19:15 (s. ποιμαίνω 2aγ and cp. PGM 36, 109). καταπατεῖν τι ἐν τοῖς ποσίν tread someth. w. the feet Mt 7:6 (cp. Sir 38:29). δύο λαοὺς βλέπω ἐν τοῖς ὀφθαλμοῖς μου I see two peoples with my eyes GJs 17:2 (ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ὀρᾶν=see with the eyes: cp. Il. 1, 587; Od. 8, 459; Callinus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 1, 20 Diehl2). ποιεῖν κράτος ἐν βραχίονι do a mighty deed w. one’s arm Lk 1:51 (cp. Sir 38:30); cp. 11:20. δικαιοῦσθαι ἐν τῷ αἵματι be justified by the blood Ro 5:9. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2; ἐν τ. παρακλήσει 2 Cor 7:7. εὐλογεῖν ἐν εὐλογίᾳ Eph 1:3. λαλοῦντες ἑαυτοῖς ἐν ψάλμοις 5:19. ἀσπάσασθαι … ἐν εὐχῇ greet w. prayer GJs 24:1. Of intellectual process γινώσκειν ἔν τινι know or recognize by someth. (cp. Thuc. 7, 11, 1 ἐν ἐπιστολαῖς ἴστε; Sir 4:24; 11:28; 26:29) J 13:35; 1J 3:19; cp. ἐν τῇ κλάσει τοῦ ἄρτου in the breaking of bread Lk 24:35 (s. 10c).—The ἐν which takes the place of the gen. of price is also instrumental ἠγόρασας ἐν τῷ αἵματί σου Rv 5:9 (cp. 1 Ch 21:24 ἀγοράζω ἐν ἀργυρίῳ).—ἐν ᾧ whereby Ro 14:21.—The idiom ἀλλάσσειν, μεταλλάσσειν τι ἔν τινι exchange someth. for someth. else Ro 1:23, 25 (cp. Ps 105:20) is not un-Greek (Soph., Ant. 945 Danaë had to οὐράνιον φῶς ἀλλάξαι ἐν χαλκοδέτοις αὐλαῖς=change the heavenly light for brass-bound chambers).⑥ marker of agency: with the help of (Diod S 19, 46, 4 ἐν τοῖς μετέχουσι τοῦ συνεδρίου=with the help of the members of the council; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 7, 9 p. 259, 31 ἐν ἐκείνῳ ἑαλωκότες) ἐν τῷ ἄρχοντι τ. δαιμονίων ἐκβάλλει τὰ δαιμόνια Mt 9:34. ἐν ἑτερογλώσσοις λαλεῖν 1 Cor 14:21. κρίνειν τ. οἰκουμένην ἐν ἀνδρί Ac 17:31 (cp. SIG2 850, 8 [173/172 B.C.] κριθέντω ἐν ἄνδροις τρίοις; Synes., Ep. 91 p. 231b ἐν ἀνδρί); perh. 1 Cor 6:2 (s. 1e); ἀπολύτρωσις ἐν Χρ. redemption through Christ Ro 3:24 (cp. ἐν αὐτῷ σωθήσεσθε Just., A I, 60, 3).⑦ marker of circumstance or condition under which someth. takes place: ἐν ᾧ κρίνεις Ro 2:1 (but s. B-D-F §219, 2); ἐν ᾧ δοκιμάζει 14:22; ἐν ᾧ καυχῶνται 2 Cor 11:12; ἐν ᾧ τις τολμᾷ 11:21; ἐν ᾧ καταλαλοῦσιν whereas they slander 1 Pt 2:12, cp. 3:16 (on these Petrine pass. s. also ὅς 1k); ἐν ᾧ ξενίζονται in view of your changed attitude they consider it odd 4:4. ἐν ᾧ in 3:19 may similarly refer to a changed circumstance, i.e. from death to life (WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits, ’65, esp. 135–42: ‘in this sphere, under this influence’ [of the spirit]). Other possibilities: as far as this is concerned: πνεῦμα• ἐν ᾧ spirit; as which (FZimmermann, APF 11, ’35, 174 ‘meanwhile’ [indessen]; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism, ’46, 108–15: ‘on that occasion’=when he died).—Before a substantive inf. (oft. LXX; s. KHuber, Unters. über den Sprachchar. des griech. Lev., diss. Zürich 1916, 83): in that w. pres. inf. (POxy 743, 35 [2 B.C.] ἐν τῷ δέ με περισπᾶσθαι οὐκ ἠδυνάσθην συντυχεῖν Ἀπολλωνίῳ; Just., D. 10, 3 ἐν τῷ μήτε σάββατα τηρεῖν μήτε …) βασανιζομένους ἐν τῷ ἐλαύνειν as they were having rough going in the waves=having a difficult time making headway Mk 6:48. ἐθαύμαζον ἐν τῷ χρονίζειν … αὐτόν they marveled over his delay Lk 1:21. ἐν τῷ τὴν χεῖρα ἐκτείνειν σε in that you extend your hand Ac 4:30; cp. 3:26; Hb 8:13. W. aor. inf. ἐν τῷ ὑποτάξαι αὐτῷ τὰ πάντα Hb 2:8. Somet. the circumstantial and temporal (s. 7 and 10) uses are so intermingled that it is difficult to decide between them; so in some of the pass. cited above, and also Hv 1, 1, 8 et al. (B-D-F §404, 3; Rob. 1073).—WHutton, Considerations for the Translation of ἐν, Bible Translator 9, ’58, 163–70; response by NTurner, ibid. 10, ’59, 113–20.—On ἐν w. article and inf. s. ISoisalon-Soininen, Die Infinitive in der LXX, ’65, 80ff.⑧ marker denoting the object to which someth. happens or in which someth. shows itself, or by which someth. is recognized, to, by, in connection with: ζητεῖν τι ἔν τινι require someth. in the case of someone 1 Cor 4:2; cp. ἐν ἡμῖν μάθητε so that you might learn in connection w. us vs. 6. Cp. Phil 1:30. ἵνα οὕτως γένηται ἐν ἐμοί that this may be done in my case 1 Cor 9:15 (Just., D. 77, 3 τοῦτο γενόμενον ἐν τῷ ἡμετέρῳ Χριστῷ). ἐδόξαζον ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸν θεόν perh. they glorified God in my case Gal 1:24, though because of me and for me are also possible. μήτι ἐν ἐμοὶ ἀνεκεφαλαιώθη ἡ ἱστορία GJs 13:1 (s. ἀνακεφαλαιόω 1). ποιεῖν τι ἔν τινι do someth. to (with) someone (Epict., Ench. 33, 12; Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 18 μὴ ἑτεροῖόν τι ποιήσῃς ἐν ἐμοί; Gen 40:14; Jdth 7:24; 1 Macc 7:23) Mt 17:12; Lk 23:31. ἐργάζεσθαί τι ἔν τινι Mk 14:6. ἔχειν τι ἔν τινι have someth. in someone J 3:15 (but ἐν αὐτῷ is oft. constr. w. πιστεύων, cp. v.l.); cp. 14:30 (s. BNoack, Satanas u. Soteria ’48, 92). ἵνα δικαιοσύνης ναὸν ἐν τῷ ἰδίῳ σώματι ἀναδείξῃ AcPlCor 2:17 (s. ἀναδείκνυμι 1).—For the ordinary dat. (Diod S 3, 51, 4 ἐν ἀψύχῳ ἀδύνατον=it is impossible for a lifeless thing; Ael. Aristid. 49, 15 K.=25 p. 492 D.: ἐν Νηρίτῳ θαυμαστὰ ἐνεδείξατο=[God] showed wonderful things to N.; 53 p. 629 D.: οὐ γὰρ ἐν τοῖς βελτίστοις εἰσὶ παῖδες, ἐν δὲ πονηροτάτοις οὐκέτι=it is not the case that the very good have children, and the very bad have none [datives of possession]; 54 p. 653 D.: ἐν τ. φαύλοις θετέον=to the bad; EpJer 66 ἐν ἔθνεσιν; Aesop, Fab. 19, 8 and 348a, 5 v.l. Ch.) ἀποκαλύψαι τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν ἐμοί Gal 1:16. φανερόν ἐστιν ἐν αὐτοῖς Ro 1:19 (Aesop 15c, 11 Ch. τ. φανερὸν ἐν πᾶσιν=evident to all). ἐν ἐμοὶ βάρβαρος (corresp. to τῷ λαλοῦντι βάρβ.) 1 Cor 14:11 (Amphis Com. [IV B.C.] 21 μάταιός ἐστιν ἐν ἐμοί). δεδομένον ἐν ἀνθρώποις Ac 4:12. θεῷ … ἐν ἀνθρώποις Lk 2:14.—Esp. w. verbs of striking against: προσκόπτω, πταίω, σκανδαλίζομαι; s. these entries.⑨ marker of cause or reason, because of, on account of (PParis 28, 13=UPZ 48, 12f [162/161 B.C.] διαλυόμενοι ἐν τῷ λιμῷ; Ps 30:11; 1 Macc 16:3 ἐν τῷ ἐλέει; 2 Macc 7:29; Sir 33:17)ⓐ gener. ἁγιάζεσθαι ἔν τινι Hb 10:10; 1 Cor 7:14. ἐν τ. ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν Ro 1:24; perh. ἐν Ἰσαὰκ κληθήσεταί σοι σπέρμα 9:7; Hb 11:18 (both Gen 21:12). ἐν τῇ πολυλογίᾳ αὐτῶν because of their many words Mt 6:7. ἐν τούτῳ πιστεύομεν this is the reason why we believe J 16:30; cp. Ac 24:16; 1 Cor 4:4 (Just., D. 68, 7 οὐχὶ καὶ ἐν τούτῳ δυσωπήσω ὑμᾶς μὴ πείθεσθαι τοῖς διδασκάλοις ὑμῶν=‘surely you will be convinced by this [argument] to lose confidence in your teachers, won’t you?’); perh. 2 Cor 5:2. Sim., of the occasion: ἔφυγεν ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ at this statement Ac 7:29; cp. 8:6. W. attraction ἐν ᾧ = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι for the reason that = because Ro 8:3; Hb 2:18; 6:17.ⓑ w. verbs that express feeling or emotion, to denote that toward which the feeling is directed; so: εὐδοκεῖν (εὐδοκία), εὐφραίνεσθαι, καυχᾶσθαι, χαίρειν et al.⑩ marker of a period of time, in, while, whenⓐ indicating an occurrence or action within which, at a certain point, someth. occurs Mt 2:1. ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις ἐκείναις 3:1. ἐν τῷ ἑξῆς afterward Lk 7:11. ἐν τῷ μεταξύ meanwhile (PTebt 72, 190; PFlor 36, 5) J 4:31. in the course of, within ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις (X., Ages. 1, 34; Diod S 13, 14, 2; 20, 83, 4; Arrian, Anab. 4, 6, 4 ἐν τρισὶν ἡμέραις; Aelian, VH 1, 6; IPriene 9, 29; GDI 1222, 4 [Arcadia] ἰν ἁμέραις τρισί; EpArist 24; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:3 Jac.) Mt 27:40; J 2:19f.ⓑ point of time when someth. occurs ἐν ἡμέρᾳ κρίσεως Mt 11:22 (En 10:6; Just., D. 38, 2; Tat. 12, 4). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ ἡμέρᾳ J 6:44; 11:24; 12:48; cp. 7:37. ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ ὥρᾳ Mt 8:13; 10:19; cp. 7:22; J 4:53. ἐν σαββάτῳ 12:2; J 7:23. ἐν τῇ ἡμέρᾳ J 11:9 (opp. ἐν τῇ νυκτί vs. 10). ἐν τῷ δευτέρῳ on the second visit Ac 7:13. ἐν τῇ παλιγγενεσίᾳ in the new age Mt 19:28. ἐν τῇ παρουσίᾳ 1 Cor 15:23; 1 Th 2:19; 3:13; Phil 2:12 (here, in contrast to the other pass., there is no reference to the second coming of Christ.—Just., D. 31, 1 ἐν τῇ ἐνδόξῳ γινομένῃ αὐτοῦ παρουσίᾳ; 35, 8; 54, 1 al.); 1J 2:28. ἐν τῇ ἀναστάσει in the resurrection Mt 22:28; Mk 12:23; Lk 14:14; 20:33; J 11:24 (Just., D. 45, 2 ἐν τῇ τῶν νεκρῶν ἀναστάσει). ἐν τῇ ἐσχάτῃ σάλπιγγι at the last trumpet-call 1 Cor 15:52. ἐν τῇ ἀποκαλύψει at the appearance of Jesus/Christ (in the last days) 2 Th 1:7; 1 Pt 1:7, 13; 4:13.ⓒ to introduce an activity whose time is given when, while, during (Diod S 23, 12, 1 ἐν τοῖς τοιούτοις=in the case of this kind of behavior) ἐν τῇ προσευχῇ when (you) pray Mt 21:22. ἐν τῇ στάσει during the revolt Mk 15:7. ἐν τῇ διδαχῇ in the course of his teaching Mk 4:2; 12:38. If Lk 24:35 belongs here, the sense would be on the occasion of, when (but s. 5b). ἐν αὐτῷ in it (the preaching of the gospel) Eph 6:20. γρηγοροῦντες ἐν αὐτῇ (τῇ προσευχῇ) while you are watchful in it Col 4:2. Esp. w. the pres. inf. used substantively: ἐν τῷ σπείρειν while (he) sowed Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; cp. 6:48 (s. 7 above and βασανίζω); ἐν τῷ καθεύδειν τοὺς ἀνθρώπους while people were asleep Mt 13:25; ἐν τῷ κατηγορεῖσθαι αὐτόν during the accusations against him 27:12. W. the aor. inf. the meaning is likewise when. Owing to the fundamental significance of the aor. the action is the focal point (s. Rob. 1073, opp. B-D-F §404) ἐν τῷ γενέσθαι τὴν φωνήν Lk 9:36. ἐν τῷ ἐπανελθεῖν αὐτόν 19:15. ἐν τῷ εἰσελθεῖν αὐτούς 9:34.—W. ἐν ᾦ while, as long as (Soph., Trach. 929; Cleanthes [IV/III B.C.] Stoic. I p. 135, 1 [Diog. L. 7, 171]; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 11 Jac.; Plut., Mor. 356c; Arrian, Anab. 6, 12, 1; Pamprepios of Panopolis [V A.D.] 1, 22 [ed. HGerstinger, SBWienAk 208/3, 1928]) Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34; 24:44 D; J 5:7.⑪ marker denoting kind and manner, esp. functioning as an auxiliary in periphrasis for adverbs (Kühner-G. I 466): ἐν δυνάμει w. power, powerfully Mk 9:1; Ro 1:4; Col 1:29; 2 Th 1:11; ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ justly Ac 17:31; Rv 19:11 (cp. Just., A II, 4, 3 and D. 16, 3; 19, 2 ἐν δίκῃ). ἐν χαρᾷ joyfully Ro 15:32. ἐν ἐκτενείᾳ earnestly Ac 26:7. ἐν σπουδῇ zealously Ro 12:8. ἐν χάριτι graciously Gal 1:6; 2 Th 2:16. ἐν (πάσῃ) παρρησίᾳ freely, openly J 7:4; 16:29; Phil 1:20. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ Ac 5:23. ἐν τάχει (PHib 47, 35 [256 B.C.] ἀπόστειλον ἐν τάχει) Lk 18:8; Ro 16:20; Rv 1:1; 22:6. ἐν μυστηρίῳ 1 Cor 2:7 (belongs prob. not to σοφία, but to λαλοῦμεν: in the form of a secret; cp. Polyb. 23, 3, 4; 26, 7, 5; Just., D. 63, 2 Μωυσῆς … ἐν παραβολῇ λέγων; 68, 6 εἰρήμενον … ἐν μυστηρίῳ; Diod S 17, 8, 5 ἐν δωρεαῖς λαβόντες=as gifts; 2 Macc 4:30 ἐν δωρεᾷ=as a gift; Sir 26:3; Polyb. 28, 17, 9 λαμβάνειν τι ἐν φερνῇ). Of the norm: ἐν μέτρῳ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου μέρους acc. to the measure of each individual part Eph 4:16. On 1 Cor 1:21 s. AWedderburn, ZNW 64, ’73, 132–34.⑫ marker of specification or substance: w. adj. πλούσιος ἐν ἐλέει Eph 2:4; cp. Tit 2:3; Js 1:8.—of substance consisting in (BGU 72, 11 [191 A.D.] ἐξέκοψαν πλεῖστον τόπον ἐν ἀρούραις πέντε) τὸν νόμον τῶν ἐντολῶν ἐν δόγμασιν Eph 2:15. ἐν μηδενὶ λειπόμενοι Js 1:4 (contrast Just., A I, 67, 6 τοῖς ἐν χρείᾳ οὖσι). Hb 13:21a.— amounting to (BGU 970, 14=Mitt-Wilck. II/2, 242, 14f [177 A.D.] προσηνενκάμην αὐτῷ προοῖκα ἐν δραχμαῖς ἐννακοσίαις) πᾶσαν τὴν συγγένειαν ἐν ψυχαῖς ἑβδομήκοντα πέντε Ac 7:14.—Very rarely for the genitive (Philo Mech. 75, 29 τὸ ἐν τῷ κυλίνδρῳ κοίλασμα; EpArist 31 ἡ ἐν αὐτοῖς θεωρία = ἡ αὐτῶν θ.; cp. 29; Tat. 18, 1 πᾶν τὸ ἐν αὐτῇ εἶδος) ἡ δωρεὰ ἐν χάριτι the free gift in beneficence or grace Ro 5:15.—DELG. LfgrE s.v. ἐν col. 569 (lit. esp. early Greek). M-M. TW.
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