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21 στρέφω
στρέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to twist, to turn', intr. a. midd. `to twist, turn, to run (Il.).Other forms: Dor. στράφω? (Nisyros IIIa; quite doubtful), Aeol. στρόφω (EM), aor. στρέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), Dor. ἀπο-στράψαι (Delph.), pass. στρεφθῆναι (Hom. [intr.], rarely Att.), Dor. στραφθῆναι (Sophr., Theoc.), στραφῆναι (Hdt., Sol., Att.), ἀν-εστρέφησαν (young Lac. a.o., Thumb. Scherer 2, 42), fut. στρέψω (E. etc.), perf. midd. ἔστραμμαι (h. Merc.), hell. also ἐστρεμμένος (Mayser Pap.I: 2, 196), act. ἔστροφα (hell.), also ἔστραφα (Plb.).Derivatives: A. With ε-vowel: 1. στρεπ-τός `twisted, flexible' (Il.), m. `necklace, curl etc.' (IA.) with - άριον (Paul Aeg.). 2. - τικός ( ἐπι-, μετα- a.o.) `serving to twist' (Pl. a.o.). 3. - τήρ m. `door-hinge' (AP). 4. στρέμμα ( περι-, διά- a.o) n. `twist, strain' (D., medic. a.o.), σύ- στρέφω `ball, swelling, round drop, heap, congregation etc.' (Hp., Arist., hell. a. late). 5. στρέψ-ις ( ἐπι-) f. `the turning, turn' (Hp., Arist.) with - αῖος, PN - ιάδης. 6. στρεπτ-ίνδα. adv. kind of play (Poll.). 7. ἐπιστρεφ-ής `turning to (something), attentive' (IA.) witf - εια f. (pap. IIIp). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. στρόφος m. `band, cord, cable' (Od.), `gripes' (Ar., medic.); as 2. member e.g. εὔ ( ἐΰ-)στροφος = στρέφω - στρεφής `well-twisted, easy to twist, to bend', (Ν599 = 711, E., Pl. etc.) with - φία f. `flexibility' (hell. a. late); from the prefixcompp. e.g. ἀντίστροφ-ος `turned face to face, according' (Att. etc.: ἀντι-στρέφω). From it στρόφ-ιον n. `breast-, head-band' (com., inscr. a.o.), - ίς ( περι- a. o.) f. `id.' (E. a.o.), - ίολος m. `edge, border' (Hero), - ώδης `causing gripes' (Hp. a.o.), - ωτός `provided with pivots' (LXX), - ωμα n. `pivot, door-hinge' with - ωμάτιον (hell.), - ωτήρ m. `oar' (gloss.), - όομαι `to have gripes' (medic. a.o.), ἐκστροφῶσαι H. s. ἐξαγκυρῶσαι την θύραν, - έω `to cause gripes' (Ar.); as 2. member e.g. in οἰακοστροφ-έω `to turn the rudder' (A.) from οἰακο-στρόφος (Pi., A. a..). 2. στροφή ( ἐπι-, κατα- etc.) f. `the twisting, turning around etc.' (IA.) with - αῖος surn. of Hermes (Ar. Pl. 1153; as door-waiter cf. στρο-φεύς] referring to his dexterity [cf. στρόφις). From στροφή or στρόφος: 3. στρόφ-ις m. `clever person, sly guy' (Ar., Poll.). 4. - άς f. `turning' (S. in lyr., Arat. a.o.), - άδες νῆσοι (Str. a.o.). 5. - εῖον m. `winch, cable etc.' (hell. a. late). 6. - εύς m. `door-hinge, cervical vertebra' (Ar., Thphr. a.o.; Bosshardt 47). 7. - ιγξ m. (f.) `pivot, door-hinge' (E., com. etc.). 8. - στροφάδην (only with ἐπι-, περι- a.o.) `to turn around' (ep. Ion.). 9. With λ-enlargement: στρόφ-αλος m. `top' (V--VIp); - άλιγξ f. `vertebra, curve etc.' (ep. Il.), - αλίζω `to turn, to spin' (o 315, AP). -- C. With lengthened grade: iter. intens. στρωφ-άω, - άομαι ( ἐπι-, μετα- a.o.) `to turn to and fro, to linger' (ep. Ion. poet. Il.), - έομαι `to turn' (Aret.). -- D. With zero grade: ἐπιστραφ-ής = ἐπιστρεφ-ής (s. ab.; late). PN Στραψι-μένης (Dor.). -- E. As 1. member a.o. in στρεφε-δίνηθεν aor. pass. 3. pl. `they turned around, swindled' (H 792; after it in act. Q. S. 13, 7), prob. combination of στρέφομαι and δινέομαι (Schwyzer 645 w. n. 1 a. lit.); for it with nominal 1. member στροφο-δινοῦνται (A. Ag. 51 [anap.]); στρεψο-δικέω `to twist the right' (Ar.) beside στρεψί-μαλλος `twisting the wool-flakes' = `with frizzly wool' (Ar.); cf. Schwyzer 442.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The above strongly productive group of words can because of its regular system and extension not be very old. On the other hand there is nothing in it, that could point to loans. So an inherited word of recent date with unknown prehistory and without helpful non-Greek agreements (quite doubtful Lat. [Umbr.] strebula pl. n. `the meat on the haunches of sacricial animals'; on this W.-Hofmann s. v.). A (popular) byform with β is maintained in στρεβλός (s. v.), στρόβιλος, στραβός [this is improbable to me] -- Through στρέφω a. cogn. older words for `turn etc.', e.g. εἰλέω, εἰλύω and σπερ- in σπεῖρα, σπάρτον etc. were partly pushed aside or replaced.Page in Frisk: 2,808-809Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρέφω
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22 θείνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: redupl. aor. πε-φν-εῖν (Il.), med. ἐπέφατο (cod. ἀπ-) ἀπέθανεν H.; beside it also, prob. as innovation, the them. root aor. θενεῖν (E., Ar.) and the σ-aor. ptc. θείνας (Υ 481; Schwyzer 755); fut. θενῶ (Ar.), perf. pass. 3. sg. πέφαται, inf. πεφάσθαι (Il.), with fut. pass. πεφήσεται (Ο 140 etc.: Schwyzer 783 A. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 448);Compounds: Verbal adj. as 2. member in compp., e. g. ἀρηΐ-φατος (s. also on διφάσιος),Etymology: The full grade themat. yot-present θείνω has an exact formal agreement in Lith. geniù (inf. geneti!!) `cut off branches', IE *guʰen-i̯ō; beside weakgrade OCS žьnjǫ (inf. žęti) `harvest, cut'. Arm. ǰnǰem `wipe off, clean, ' too can phonetically belong here, but differs in meaning. Very doubtful Alb. gjanj `hunt, follow' (s. Pedersen and Jokl in W.-Hofmann s. dēfendō). Older is an Indo-Iranian and Hittite athematic root present, Skt. hánti = Av. ǰainti = Hitt. kuen-zi `he slays, kills', IE *gʷʰén-ti. It was replaced by a thematic root formation: Skt. hanati `slay, fill', Lith. genù ` drive (the cattle on the field), hunt', OCS ženǫ `drive(off), pursue', perhaps also Arm. ǰnem `slay' (but rather denominative from ǰin `stick'). Other formations are OIr. gonim `wound, kill' (iterative) and Lat. dē-, of-fendō (with d-suffix). - The reduplicated aorist too has agreements outside of Greek, e. g. in Indo-Iranian: Av. ava-ǰaγnat_ `he struck' = πέφνε, Skt. ptc. ja-ghn-ant = πεφνόντ-, IE *gʷe-gʷ̯hn-ont-. The perfect formations also agree: Skt. ja-ghā́n-a, 3. pl. ja-ghn-úḥ: πέ-φα-ται, IE *gʷ̯e-gʷhon-, * gʷe-gʷhn-, *gʷe-gʷhn̥-. Verbal adjectives (resp. partic.): Skt hatá- = Av. ǰata- = - φατος, IE *gʷhn̥-to-s. - More forms in Bq s. v., Pok. 491ff. W.-Hofmann s. dēfendō. On the meaning of θείνω etc., prop. euphemistic, Chantraine Sprache 1, 143ff.; also Trümpy Fachausdrücke 92ff.Page in Frisk: 1,657-658Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θείνω
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23 κείρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cut (off), shave, esp. of hair, mow off, cut down, ravage' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. κεῖραι, ep. also κέρσαι, pass. καρῆναι ( καρθέντες with v. l. κερθέντες Pi. P. 4, 82), fut. κερέω, κερῶ, perf. pass. κέκαρμαι, new act. κέκαρκα (hell.),Compounds: often with prefix, e. g. ἀπο-, δια-, περι-. Comp. ἀ-κερσε-κόμης `with uncut hair' (Υ 39), also ἀ-κειρε-κόμᾱς, - ης (Pi.); on the form Schwyzer 442, on the meaning Fink Philol. 93, 404ff.Derivatives: 1. κέρμα n. `cut off piece, esp. small piece of money, change' (Emp. 101, 1 [not quite certain], Com., hell.) with κερμάτιον (hell.) and κερματίζω `change in small money' (Att., Arist.); from it κερματιστής `money-changer' (Ev. Jo. 2. 14), κερματισμός `cut into little bits' (Olymp.); κερματόομαι = - ίζομαι (Procl.). - 2. κορμός m. `cut off piece, bobbin, trunk' (ψ 196) with κορμίον (hell.), κορμηδόν `in pieces' (Hld.), κορμάζω `saw into pieces' (D. H.). - 3. κουρα s. v. 4. καρτός s. v. - Cf. also κόρση, κόρις, κέρτομος, 2. κέλωρ.Etymology: κείρω from *κερ-ι̯ω (Schwyzer 715, 751, 759), belongs to a widespread IE. wordgroup; but exact agreements of the Greek verb forms. Nearest is Arm. k` erem `scratch, shave' (sec. aorist k`ere-c̣i; diff. Meillet BSL 37, 12), Alb. sh-kjer `tear apart' (pret. \> sh-kora \< IE. * kēr-); further Hitt. karšmi `cut off' (with s-enlargement as in κουρά; s. v.). Frequent are forms with initial * sk-: Germ., OHG sceran ` scheren', Lith. skiriù, skìrti `separate', OIr. scar(a)im `separate'. A t-enlargement in Skt. kr̥-n-t-áti `separates' (infixed nasal present; perf. ca-kart-a); this would be possible for the aorist ἔκερσα (if \< *ἔ-κερτ-σα, Risch 219). - The number of nominal derivv. in the separate languages is enormous, partly parallel innoavtions. Thus formal agreement exists between κέρμα and Skt. cárman-, Av. čarǝman- n. `skin, hide', OPr. kērmens m. `body' (IE. *kér-men-); diff. only in ablaut betwen κορμός and OCS krъma f. `steering oar, back part of the ship', Russ. kormá `puppis'. - Further Pok. 938ff., W.-Hofmann s. carō, cēna, corium.Page in Frisk: 1,810-811Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κείρω
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24 κτείνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Att. also κτείνυμι, - ύω, Aeol. κτέννω (Hdn.), fut. κτενῶ, ep. also - έω, κτανέω, aor. κτεῖναι, Aeol. κτένναι (Alc.), and κτανεῖν, ep. also κτάμεν(αι) and midd. -pass. κτάσθαι, pass. 3. pl. ἔκταθεν (ep.), hell. κταν(θ)ῆναι, perf. ἀπ-, κατ-έκτονα (Hdt., Att.), hell. also ἀπ-εκτόνηκα, - έκτα(γ)κα, pass. - εκτάνθαι Il.Compounds: As 2. member - κτόνος, e.g. πατρο-κτόνος `who kills his father' (trag.) with - κτονέω, - ία; rarely passive: νεό-κτονος `recently killed' (Pi.); simplex κτόνος (Zonar.) prob. from the compp.; also - κτασία, e.g. ἀνδρο-κτασία, usu. pl. - ίαι f. `murther of men' (Il.), as if from *ἀνδρό-κτα-τος, cf. below and Schwyzer 469.Etymology: The present κτείνυμι (incorrect - εινν- and - ινν-) with sec. full grade after ἔκτεινα ( δείκνυμι: ἔδειξα a. o.) stands for zero grade *κτά-νυ-μι, which agrees exactly to Skt. kṣa-ṇó-mi `injure' ( κτείνω `kill' therefore euphemistical; Chantraine Sprache 1, 143). Other agreements with Indian (and Iranian) are the aorist ἔ-κτα-το (Il.) = Skt. a-kṣa-ta (gramm.) and the ptc. *-κτα-τος (in ἀνδρο-κτασίαι a.o.; s. above) = Skt. á-kṣa-ta-, OP. a-xša-ta- `uninjured'. The Greek system seems further to be based on an athematic root aorist: 1. sg. *ἔ-κτεν-α, 3. sg. - ἔ-κτεν (cf. Gortyn. conj. κατα-σκένε̄ [with σκ for κτ, Schwyzer 326]), 1. pl. ἔ-κτᾰ-μεν, 3. pl. ἔ-κτᾰν; to this the present -κτέν-ι̯ω \> κτείνω, the aorist ἔκτᾰν-ον, ἔκτεινα. Further details in Schwyzer 697 u. 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 380f. a. 449f. - Cf. καίνω. - The root was prob. * tken-, Hardarsson, Stud. Wurzelaor. 186. - Against connection with Skt. akṣata Strunk, Nasalpräs. u. Aoriste 99 n. 265.Page in Frisk: 2,33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτείνω
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25 πύθομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to putrify, to decay' (Il.).Other forms: only pres.stem except καταπέπυθα κατερρύηκα H.; πύθω, fut. πύσω, aor. πῦσαι ( πύσαι Call.) `cause to rot', both also with κατα- (Il.; on the date of the attestations Wackernagel Unt. 133).Derivatives: Besides πύον, πύος n. `purulence' (Hp., Arist.); as 2. member in σαρκό-πυον n. `the festering of flesh' with - πυώδης (Hp.); adj., e.g. ἔμ-πυος `festering, full of festering ulcers' (Hp., Att.) with ἐμπυό-ομαι `to fester' (Hp.). πυθεδόνες pl. f. `festering ulcers' (hell.; after σηπεδών a.o.). Denominatives w. prefix: ἐκ-, ἐμ-, ἀπο-, δια-πυ-έω (- έομαι), - ίσκομαι (late - ίσκω) `to fester' with - πύ-ησις, - ημα, - ηματικός, - ητικός, - ικός (Hp. a. other medic.); late simplicia: πύ-ησις, - ητικός (Aret., Gal.).Etymology: Beside the θ-enlargement in πύ̄-θομαι, - θω ( βρί-θω, πλή-θω a.o.; Schwyzer 703), which can also be supposed for πύσω, πῦσαι, Sankrit has a yot-present pū́-ya-ti `rot' with the backformation pū́ya- m. n. `festering, pus' (so not identical with πύον), in Balt. a nasalpresent pū-nù and pū-vù (i.e. pų-vù) `id.', in Germ. an isolated ptc. OWNo. fūinn `rotten'. On an unenlarged primary verb go back also the nouns πύον, πύος, which have their closest agreements in Arm. hu, gen. hu-oy (o-st.) `festering blood' and Lat. pūs n. (from *puu̯os or *peu̯os?). Of the very frequent representatives of this goup, which may have its point of departure in an interjection pu `pfui', we mention only Lat. pūteō `rot', pŭter, - tris, - tre `rot', Germ., e.g. Goth. fūls ' rot'; further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 82, Pok. 848f., W.-Hofmann s. pūs, Fraenkel s. pū́ti, Mayrhofer s. pū́yati. To be rejected Specht Sprache 1, 46 (: with `pure' in Lat. pūrus etc. identical). -- Here also 2. πυός `beestings'; s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,621-622Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύθομαι
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26 ἐρείκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `breach, bruise, pound' (Il.).Other forms: ( ἐρεικόμενος intr. Ν 441), aor. ἤρῐκε (Ρ 595, intr.), ἐρεῖξαι (Ion.-Att.), perf. pass. ἐρήριγμαι, - μένος (Hp., Arist.),Derivatives: ἐρεικίδες pl. (Gal.), ἐρεικάς (H.) `pounded barley, groats', ἐρείκιον `crumbly pastry' (Gal.; formation like ἐρείπια), ἐρεικίτας ( ἄρτος, Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89), all often itacistic. written ἐρικ-; thus ἐρίγματα pl. (Hp.), ἐρίγμη (Sch.) `bruised beans' for ἐρειγ-; in the same meaning with unexplained ε: ἐρέγματα (Thphr., Erot.), ἐρεγμός (pap., Gal., Erot.) with ἐρέγμινος (Dsc., Orib.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; cf. [858]Etymology: To the full grade root present ἐρείκω and the clearly old weak grade aorist ἤρικε there are no formal and semantic agreements. Close comes Skt. rikháti, likháti `scratch' (with aspirated velar), Lith. riekiù, riẽkti `cut loaf, plough for the first time', Skt. riśáti, liśáti `pluck, tear away'; the different forms can be in relation with the expressive meaning. As related nominal formations one might consider OHG rīga, MHG rīha `row, line', Lat. rixa `hatred, conflict', prob. also rīma `scratch, split'. - Further W.-Hofmann s. rīma, rixa, ricinus. Cf. ἐρείπω.Page in Frisk: 1,551-552Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρείκω
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27 μηκάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `meckern, bleat', of sheep, also of a hare and of a horse, in the formular verse κὰδ' δ' ἔπεσ' ἐν κονίῃσι μακών, of a deer, boar, also of a man (Phryn. PS, Procop., sch., H.)Other forms: μηκάζω (Nic.), perf. μέμηκα only in pret. ἐμέμηκον (ι 439), and in ptc. μεμηκώς (K 362), f. μεμακυῖαι (Δ 435), aor. ptc. μακών (P469, κ163).Derivatives: Here, after κεμάς and other animal names (cf. Risch $ 52 b; not from the late μηκάομαι), μηκάς f. `bleating', in Hom. only in plur. of αἶγες, later (S., E.) also of ἄρνες and subst. = αἴξ. Late derivv.: μηκ-ασμός (Plu., Poll.), - ηθμός (Opp.), -ή (Ael., Sch.) `bleating', - ητικός `bleating' (sch.).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations] *mēk- `bleat'Etymology: The pair μέμηκα: μακεῖν ( μακών) agrees with λέληκα: λακεῖν (with comparable meaning), κέκραγα: κραγεῖν a.o.; to an old intensive perfect and an also old thematic aorist several presents were created: μηκάζω, - άομαι, λάσκω, κράζω etc.; cf. Schwyzer 683, 722 n. 2, 748, 770 a. 777, for Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 389; 426; 438, on μακών also Leumann Hom. Wörter 235 n. 31. -- Onomatopoetic formation, starting from the sound-imitation μη (mē) and with many partly genetic, partly elementary cognate agreements, e.g. MHG meckatzen 'bleat', mecke `he-goat', Lith. mekčióti, mekénti `id.', Lat. miccīre `id.', Skt. (lex.) meka- m. `he-goat', Arm. mak'i `sheep'. -- WP. 2, 256, Pok. 715f., W.-Hofmann a. Fraenkel s. vv. - The relation μη̄-\/ μα- cannot be of IE date; so it must be analogical. Pok. 715 posits * mek- which cannot explain the Greek forms.Page in Frisk: 2,223-224Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μηκάομαι
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28 ἐρέφω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cover, give a roof' (Pi., Ar.)Compounds: somet. with prefix ἀμφ-, ἐπ-, κατ-, - As 2. member e. g. in ὑψ-όροφος `with high roof' (Hom.); also ὑψ-ερεφής, - ηρεφής `id.' (Hom.), κατ-ηρεφής `with a roof, vaulted' (Il.), πετρ-ηρεφής `vaulted with rocks' (A., E.) a. o.; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 475, Strömberg Prefix Studies 140.Derivatives: ἔρεψις `roofing' (Thphr.) with ἐρέψιμος (Pl.; vgl. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 49); with ablaut ὄροφος m. `cover, roof' (Orac. ap. Hdt. 7, 140, A.), also `thatsch for a roof' (Ω 451), ὀροφή f. `roof', esp. `cover of a room' (Ion.-Att., Od.) with ὀροφίας name of a snake (Ar. V. 206), = ὄφις τῶν κατ' οἰκίαν H.; cf. Georgakas Μνήμης χάριν 1, 126; ὀρόφινος `covered with thatch' (Aen. Tact.), ὀροφ-ιαῖος, - ιος, - ικός `belonging to ὀροφή (ὄροφος)' (Att., hell.); denomin. verb ὀροφόω `roof' (hell.) with ὀρόφωμα, ὀρόφωσις.Etymology: The only agreements are the 2. member in OHG hirni-reba `skull' (prop. "brain-cover"), and the Germanic word for `rib' (as "roof of the breast"?) OHG rippa, rippi, OE ribb, OWNo. rif n., IE *h₁rebh-i̯o-, and also Russ. etc. rebró `id.' - Schrader KZ 30, 469f.; see Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. - Diff. Machek Listy filol. 68, 94ff. - The ὀ- ὀροφ- must be due to assimilation in *ἐροφ-.Page in Frisk: 1,556Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρέφω
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29 κῠπελλον
κῠ́πελλονGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `big-bellied drinking vessel, beaker, goblet' (Il.);Other forms: Note κύφελλα `hollows of the ears' (Lyc.).Dialectal forms: Myc. [ku]pera? [uncertain]Compounds: Some compp., notably ἀμφι-κύπελλον n. adj. of δέπας (Hom.), litt. "with beakers at both sides (or round about)", i.e. `doublebeaker', i.e. `two beakers joined with the foot' (?); acc. to Aristarchus (EM 90, 43; cf. Ath.11,783b) `double-handled'; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 20, 248, Brommer Herm. 77, 358f., 366.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Acc. to a spokesman in Ath. 11, 483 a κύπελλον was known to both Cyprians and Cretans; cf. Bowra JournofHellStud. 54, 73. Without the prob. suffixal ελλο -, which could be a combination of λ- and ιο- suffixes (cf. Chantraine Formation 253, also Schwyzer 483), we can connect κύπη τρώγλη H. with agreements in Lat. cūpa `vat, ton', Skt. kū́pa- m. `pit, hole, source' etc., s. in W.-Hofmann s. 2. cūpa, further Mayrhofer s. kū́paḥ. - Cf. also κυφός. - Fur. 171 compares κυπη `ship, hut, hole' (H.), κύβος.. τρύβλιον. (H.), κύμβη `beaker', κύμβος `beaker'; also Fur. 284. The word was prob. Pre-Greek but it concerns a widespread `Wanderwort'. The `suffix' - ελλο- rather continues -aly-.Page in Frisk: 2,51Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῠπελλον
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30 ξαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `card, comb wool ', metaph.. `scratch, mangle, lacerate' (ξ 423, IA.).Other forms:, fut. ξανῶ, aor. ξῆναι (late ξᾶναι), pass. ξανθῆναι, perf. midd. ἔξασμαι (hell. also ἔξαμμαι).Derivatives: ξάντης m. `woolcarder' (Pl.) with ξαντική (sc. τέχνη) f. `the art of carding wool' (Pl.), f. ξάντριαι `woolcadsters' (tit. of a drama of A.); ξάσμα n. `carded wool' (S. Fr. 1073), also ξάμμα (H. s. πεῖκος), ἀναξασ-μός m. `lacerating' (midd.), ξάνσις f. `carding of wool,' (Gloss.), ξάνιον n. `comb for carding' (Poll., AB, H.), also = ἐπί-ξηνον (Poll.), prob. after κτένιον, but not with Specht Ursprung 239 as old formation; ξανάω (Nik.), - ῆσαι (S.Fr. 498) `(with carding) work hard', ἀποξανᾶν κακοπαθεῖν H.; cf. ὑφανάω: ὑφαίνω and similar cases in Schwyzer 700. -- Here prob. also ἐπίξηνον `chopping-block' with unclear formation (diff., hardly correct, s.v.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Technical expression of woolpreparation, prob. first after the related ὑφαίνω; to ξέω, ξύω (s. vv. and Schwyzer 714). Outside Greek there are no agreements; the comparison with Lat. sentis m. `thorn-bush' (since Persson Stud. 135) is quite hypothetical. After Haas Ling. Posn. 3,76ff. ξαίνω, ξέω, ξύω belong as `protoidg.' to NHG hauen a. cognates, like ὀξύς to ὠκύς etc. (?). The (root)form ξαν- is difficult to explain from IE.; so Pre-Greek? Note also the unexplained ἐπίξηνον.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξαίνω
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31 πλαδαρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `damp, watery, spongy, soft, flaccid, tasteless' (Hp., A. R., Dsc.).Derivatives: πλαδαρ-ότης f. `flaccidity' (Epicur.), - όομαι `to become soft' (Aq.), - ωσις f. (medic.), - ωμα n. (Suid.). Besides πλαδάω `to be watery, soft' (Hp., Arist., Ph.) with - ησις f. (Sor.); also - ωσις f. (Aët.) as from *-όω; πλάδος m. `dampness, sponginess' with - ώδης (Hp.), - όεις (sch.); πλάδη f. `id.' (Emp.), perh. backformation from πλαδάω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive words, to be found esp. in the medic. lit.. With πλαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος agree the semantically close rhiming words κλαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος, μαδ-αρός: - άω: - ος; thus ῥυπ-αρός: - άω: - ος a.o.; s. Chantraine Form. 227. The genetic relation of these forms remains unclear; cf. on κραδάω, κράδη. -- No agreements outside Greek; formally closest is a Balt. verb for `swim', e.g. Lith. példu (példžiu), peldė́ti. If on separates the d (cf. κλαδαρός: κλάω (?)) one may connect expressions for `pour, spill etc.' in Lith. pilù pìlti (with zero grade) and Arm. heɫum (* pel-nu-mi) a.o.; s. WP. 2, 54f. a. 66, Pok. 798f., Fraenkel s. vv. Earlier, dated attempts in Bq (also Specht Ursprung 171 a. 228). -- (Not to πλέω, πολύς). - The word can hardly be IE; is it Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,547-548Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλαδαρός
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32 κί̄ων
κί̄ων, - ονοςGrammatical information: m. f. (on the gender Schwyzer 486, Schwyzer-Debrunner 37)Meaning: `column, pillar', also metaph. (Od.); as medic. terminus `cartiledge, wart' (Hp.).Compounds: As 1. member in κιονό-κρᾱνον `capital of a column' (Str. 4, 4, 6 [v. l.], D. S.) beside earlier and more usual κιό-κρᾱνον (Pl. Com., X., Delos IIIa etc.; syll. dissimilation). Further ἀκρο-, τετρα-, μετα-, προ-κιόν-ιον (Ph.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably], LW [loanword] Anat.Etymology: With Arm. siwn `column' identical, further isolated. One of the Graeco-Armenian agreements (Schwyzer 57). Specht KZ 66, 13 (also Lexis 3, 70) assumes a common Gr.-Arm. LW [loanword]; cf. on αἴξ and Porzig Gliederung 157; cf. also γέφυρα. Can the word be Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 1,863Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κί̄ων
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33 οἶδα
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `I know' (Il.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1125] *u̯id- `see, note, observe'Etymology: Old perfect, identical with Skt. véda, pl. vidmá, Germ., e.g. Goth. wait, pl. witum `(ich) weiss, (wir) wissen', IE *u̯óida, pl. *u̯idmé. Besides with middle inflexion OCS vědě `I know', formally = Lat. vīdī. From the perf. through innovation Arm. pres. git-em `I know'. Other agreements, e.g. ipv. ἴσθι = Skt. viddhí, ptc. εἰδώς = Goth. weitwoÞs `witness', ἰδυῖα = Skt. vidúṣī. On the individual forms Schwyzer 778, 790 n. 6, 800, Leumann Celtica 3, 241ff. = Kl. Schr. 251ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1 (s. Index) etc. etc. -- As aorist is used ἰδεῖν `note, observe' (s. v.); cf. also νῆϊς.Page in Frisk: 2,357Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἶδα
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34 σαθέριον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: not well deined marine quadruped (Arist. H. A. 594 b).Other forms: v.l. σαθρίονOrigin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Furmée 190 says it will be a beaver, and compares σατύριον prob. the sorex moschatus (Arist. l.c., 32); acc. to H. ζῳ̃ον τετράπουν η λιμναῖον. He also notes Basque agreements: sateŕo `field-mouse', satoŕ, sathoŕ `mole'.Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαθέριον
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35 στραγγαλιά
στραγγαλιά, ᾶς, ἡ (Ptolem., Apotel. 4, 9, 10 Boll-B.; Hippiatr. 51, 3; 4, vol. I 228, 9; 229, 7; LXX) knot διαλύειν στραγγαλιὰς βιαίων συναλλαγμάτων untie the knots of forced agreements (i.e. made under duress) B 3:3 (Is 58:6; cp. Plut., Mor. 1033e on philosophers’ knotted arguments).
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