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1 πυγμή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `fist, fist-fight' (Il.); as measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the knuckles', 18 δάκτυλοι (Thphr., Poll.).Derivatives: πυγμαῖος `as large as a π., dwarf-like' (Hdt., Arist.), nom. pl. "the fistlings", n. of a fable-tale people of dwarves, which was diff. localised (Γ 6, Hecat. etc.); πυγμ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight' (An. Ox.). Shortname Πυγμᾶς m. (Chantraine Études 18). -- On Πυγμαλίων, prob. popular correction of a foreign word, s. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 136. -- πυγών, όνος m. measure of length = `the distance from the elbow to the first finger-joint', 20 δάκτυλοι (Hdt., X.); from this πυγούσιος `one π. long' (κ 517 = λ 25, Arat.), prob. analog. (Risch 115); a *πυγοντ- (cf. Schwyzer 526) is not credible; regular πυγον-ιαῖος `id.' (Hp., Thphr. a.o.). -- πύκτης m. `fist-fighter' (Xenoph., Pi., Att.) with πυκτ-ικός `belonging to fist-fight(ers), brave in fist-fight' (Att.), - οσύνη f. `skilfulness in fist-fight' (Xenoph.; Wyss - σύνη 31), - εύω `to be a fist-fighter, to have a fist-fight' (Att., Boeot.) with - ευσις, - ευτής (Gloss.), - εῖον (Suid.); also with analog. λ-enlargement - αλεύω (Sophr.), - αλίζω (Anacr.) `id.'. -- πύξ adv. `with the fist, in a fist-fight' (esp. ep. poet. Il.); from it πυγ-μάχος m. `fist-fighter', - μαχέω, - μαχία, - ίη (ep. poet. Hom.), univerbation from πὺξ μάχεσθαι; cf. Georgacas Glotta 36, 180.Origin: IE [Indo-European](X) [828] *puḱ-, puǵ- `sting'Etymology: The above words are all built on an element πυγ-, which function may have been both verbal or nominal. To πυγ-μή cf. in the first instance primary formations like παλάμη (s.v.), στιγ-μή, δραχ-μή, but also the ambivalente ἀκ-μή and he purely nominal ἅλ-μη. Of πυγ-ών remind ἀγκ-ών, λαγ-ών, the first perh. verbal, the last prob. nominal (s. on λαγαίω). Also πύκ-της can be taken both primary and secondarily; for πύξ nominal origin seems most probable (s. Schwyzer 620); cf. still πύξ πυγμή H. -- A corresponding l-deriv. is seen in Lat. pug-il m. `fistfighter', an n-formation in pug-nus m. `fist' (to which pugnāre, pugna; to be connected formally with πυγ-ών?). So we arrive at a Lat.-Gr. pug- `fist'. By Fick, Walde a.o. (s. Bq, WP. 2, 15 and W.-Hofmann s. pugil) this group is further connected with pu-n-g-ō, pu-pug-ī `sting', for which we would have to assume a specialisation of `sting' to `sting with clenched fist and knuckles stretched out forward' = 'box'; so pug- `fist' as suffixless nom. ag. prop. * "the stinger, the boxer"? The (orig.) meaning `sting' can still be seen in Lat. pūgiō `dagger', thus, with final tenuis, in πεύκη a. cogn. (s.v.). -- An original meaning `sting' is rather surprising but Lat. pugio seems a good argument; πεύκη may be unrelated.Page in Frisk: 2,619-620Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πυγμή
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2 ἡμεῖς
Grammatical information: pron. pers.Meaning: `we, us' (Il.).Derivatives: Possessive ἡμέ-τερος, Dor. ἁμέ-τερος, ἁμός, Aeol. ἀμμέ-τερος, ἄμμος `our'. The acc. ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε go back on *ἀσμε (s. below) and gave through adopting nominal inflexion the nom. ἁ̄μές, ἄμμες, then also ἡμεῖς (from - έες) with the new acc. ἡμέας, and with irregular contraction ἡμᾶς. Then came the genetives ἡμῶν, ἡμέων, ἁ̄μέων, ἀμμέων. On the datives ἡμῖν etc. s. below.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [35] *ne\/os `we'Etymology: The archaic ἁ̄μέ, ἄμμε \< *ἀσμε agree exactly with Av. ahma `us'; in Skt. asmā́n `id.' it got the nominal ending. Other forms like Skt. nas (enclitic), Lat. nōs, Goth. uns \< IE *nō̆s resp. *n̥s show for *ἀσμε = Av. ahma IE basis with added element - sme: *n̥sme \< *n̥s-sme. The spiritus in ἁ̄μ-, ἡμ- could be analogical after ὑμ-. - The dativ ἡμῖν, Dor. ἁ̄μῑ̆ν, Aeol. ἄμμι(ν) from *ἀσμι(ν) recalls the Indo-Iranian demonstratives and interrogatives Av. ahmi, ásmin `in eo', Av. kahmi, Skt. kásmin `in quo?'; cf Cret. ὅτι-μι, μήδι-μι. The long - ῖν is an innovation (after the longvowel endings in ἡμ-ῶν, - εῖς etc.?). - Greek like Latin and Celtic lost the specific nominative for `we', Goth. weis, Hitt. u̯ēš, Skt. vay-ám etc. and used the acc. - Details Schwyzer 600ff.Page in Frisk: 1,635Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἡμεῖς
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3 κλῐ1νω
κλῐ1νωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `incline (oneself), lean (on), sink, bend'.Other forms: - ομαι, aor. κλῖναι, κλίνασθαι (Il.), pass. κλιθῆναι (Od.), κλινθῆναι (Il.;; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404 w. n. 2, Schwyzer 761), also κλινῆναι (Att.; prob. for *κλι-ῆναι; Schwyzer 760), fut. κλῐνῶ (Att.), perf. midd. κέκλῐμαι (Il.), with κέκλῐκα (Plb.),Derivatives: 1. from the root with δ-suffix: δι-κλί-δ-ες f. `double leaning, two-winged' (s. v.), ἐγκλίς ἡ καγκελλωτη θύρα (EM); παρα-, ἐγ-κλιδόν `turning aside, inclining' (Od.). 2. From a prefixed present with ending after the s-stems (Schwyzer 513): κατα-, ἐπι-, ἀπο-, ἐκ-, συγ-κλινής etc. `inclined away, slant etc.' (Hp., A.) with ἐπικλίν-εια (Heliol. Med.), συγκλιν-ίαι pl. (Plu.). 3. compounds with τη-suffix: παρα-, συγ-κλί-της `who lies beside or together at the table' (X.. Plu.), ἐπι-κλίν-της `who inclines to the side' (Arist.). - 4. κλειτύ̄ς (also κλῑτύς after κλί̄νω), ύος f. `slope, hill' (Il.; on the notation Schwyzer 506 w. n. 7). 5. κλεῖτος n. (A. R. 1, 599), κλῐ́τος n. (Lyc., LXX, AP) `slope, side'. - 6. κλίσις, most. in prefixcompp., e. g. ἀνά-, κατά-, ἀπό-κλισις `leaning back etc.' (IA.). - 7. κλίμα n. (with hell. ῐ for ει; Schwyzer 523) `inclination, slope, quarter, land', also ἔγκλι-μα etc. (Arist.), with κλιματίας `inclining' (Herakleit., Amm. Marc.), κλιματικός `belonging to the sone' (Vett. Val.). 8. κλῖμαξ, - ακος f. `trep, ladder, climax etc.' (Od.) with κλιμάκιον (IA.), - ίς (Att. inscr., hell.), κλιμακίσκοι πάλαισμα ποιόν H.; κλιμακίζω `use a grip called κλῖμαξ in the fighting', metaph. `bring down' (Att.); κλιμακωτός (Plb.), - ώδης (Str.) `like a trep'; also κλιμακ-τήρ `rug of a ladder' (IA.), `critical point of a mans life' (Varro) with κλιμακτηρικός, - τηρίζω (Gell., Vett. Val.); on the formation of κλῖμαξ (ῑ analog. for ει [*κλεῖ-μα] from κλί̄νω) Rodriguez Adrados Emerita 16, 133ff.; on κλιμακτήρ Chantraine Formation 327f. - 9. κλισμός `arm-chair' (Ion.Il.) with κλισμίον, - άκιον (inscr., Call.), `inclination, slope' (Arist.). - 10. ἀνά-κλιθρον `back of a chair' (Ptol.). - 11. κλίτα στοαί, κλίταν ( καὶ τάν cod.) στοάν H., prop. `leaning'; from there κλισία, Ion. - ίη `pile-dwelling, shed, chapel; arm-chair, resting-bed, tomb' ( Il.), κλίσιον nearly `annex, stoa' (ω 208, Delos IIIa), also `annex, shed, chapel' (Lys., Paus.); often written κλεισίον (inscr.), also κλεισία f. `tavern' (ep.), perh. through adaptation to κλείω `lock' (diff. Schulze Q. 295 A. 3 and Fraenkel KZ 45, 168); from there κλεισιάδες ( θύραι) `doors of the κλ(ε)ισία, of the κλ(ε)ισίον' (Hdt., Ph., D. H., Plu.); details on κλισίη in Frisk Eranos 41, 59ff., Scheller Oxytonierung 61. - 12. ( ἐγ-, ἐκ-)κλιτικός `inflecting etc.' (gramm.); to ( ἔγ-, ἔκ-)κλισις. - From the present: 13. κλίνη `layer, bed, litter' (IA.; cf. Chantraine Formation 192) with κλινίς, - ίδιον, - ίον, - άριον (Com.), κλίνειος `belonging to a κλίνη' (D.), - ήρης `censorius' (Ph., J.); as 2. member in σύγ-κλινος `bedfellow' (Men.). - 14. κλιντήρ, - ῆρος m. `id.' (Od.) with κλιντήριον, - ίδιον, - ίσκος (Ar.), ἀνακλιν-τήρ `neighbour at table' (Ps.-Callisth.); παρακλίν-τωρ `id.' (AP); ἀνά-, ἐπί-κλιν-τρον `back (leaning) etc.' (Erot. in Poll., Ar., inschr. etc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [600] *ḱlei- `lean'Etymology: The yot-presens κλί̄νω \< *κλῐ́ν-ι̯ω, which is a Greek innovation, goes back on an older nasal-presens, seen in several languages but in diff. forms: Lat. clīnāre, Germ., e. g. OS hlinōn, OHG hlinēn \> lehnen, Balt., e. g. Latv. slìe-n-u, slìet, EastLith. šli-n-ù, šliñti `lean', Av. sri-nu-, ptc. sri-ta- `lean', prob. also Arm. li-ni-m, aor. ipv. le-r, `become, be'; the basis was athem. *ḱli-n-ā-mi. Beside this there was in Indo-Iranian and Baltic a thematic root-present, e. g. Skt. śrayati = Lith. (old a. dial.) šlejù `lean'. The originally only presentic nasal has in Latin and Germanic conquered the whole inflexion, but in Greek did not reach the perfect ( κέ-κλι-ται: Skt. śi-śri-y-é), partly also the passive aorist. - The Greek nominal derivations are mostly innovations; note, except ( ἄ)-κλιτος = Skt. śri-tá-, Av. sri-ta- `leaning', κλίσις, formally = Lith. šli-tì-s `shove-shed'; κλίτον = Germ. e. g. OHG lit `cover', NHG Augen- lid; beside it with full grade (as in κλει-τύς) e. g. OWNo. hlīð f. `slope'. As in κλίνη the nasal came in OHG hlina `reclinatorium'. - Several nominal formations in Bq s. v., Pok. 600ff., W.-Hofmann s. clīnō.Page in Frisk: 1,874-875Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλῐ1νω
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4 ματεύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `search, seek, strive to' (Ξ 110);Other forms: ματέω in μάτης (Theoc. 29, 15; Aeol. *μάτημι), ματεῖ ζητεῖ, ματῆσαι μαστεῦσαι, ζητῆσαι, μάσσαι ζητῆσαι H., ματεῖσθαι ζητεῖσθαι (Hp. ap. Erot.).Compounds: Also with preflx ἐσ- ματέομαι, - μάσασθαι (Hp.), ἐμ-, κατ-εμ-ματέω (Nik.) `feel in, stick in (the hand, the sting)'.Derivatives: μάτος n. `investigation' (Hp. ap. Gal.), ματήρ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐπιζητῶν, ἐρευνητής with ματηρεύειν μα\<σ\> τεύειν, ζητεῖν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: To ματέω, from where prob. secondarily ματεύω (cf. Schwyzer 732), agree formally δατέομαι, πατέομαι; so we have probably to start from a nominal τ-stem (see Schwyzer 705 f.; cf. also Bechtel Lex. s. ματεύω). The verbal nouns ἄ-δασ-τος, ἄ-πασ-τος have a parallel in ἀ-προτί-μαστος; to the aorists δάσ(σ)ασθαι, πάσ(σ)ασθαι comform - μάσ(σ)ασθαι, μάσσαι. So the verbal σ-forms just like the nominal μαστύς, μαστήρ, μάστιξ etc., also μάσμα, can be connected with ματέω. From these σ-forms also μαστεύω may have got its σ. With δατέομαι: δαίομαι compare ματέω: μαίομαι. But while we have for the explanation of δαίομαι certain comparanda outside Greek, μαίομαι has no certain analysis; cf. s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,184Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ματεύω
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5 Λοκρός
a king of Opous, nominal father of Opous and husband of Protogeneia. ἔνεικεν Λοκρῷ (sc. Ἀπόλλων Πρωτογένειαν) O. 9.60b pro subs., Lokrian,a of Opountian Lokris. κλυτὰν Λοκρῶν ματέρ' ἀγλαόδενδρον the city of Opous O. 9.20II of Zephyrian Lokris.νέμει γὰρ Ἀτρέκεια πόλιν Λοκρῶν Ζεφυρίων, μέλει τέ σφισι Καλλιόπα καὶ χάλκεος Ἄρης O. 10.13
κλυτὸν ἔθνος Λο̆κρῶν ἀμφέπεσον O. 10.98
Ζεφυρίων Λο̆κρῶν γενεὰν ἀλέγων O. 11.15
τῶ[ν.. Λο]κρῶν τις, οἵ τ' ἀργίλοφον πὰρ Ζεφυρίου κολώναν ν[ (cf. Σ, O. 10.17k, Λοκριστὶ γάρ τις ἁρμονία ἐστίν, ἣν ἀσκῆσαί φασι λτ;γτ;ενόκριτον τὸν Λοκρόν) fr. 140b. 4. -
6 ὀνοματώδης
ὀνομᾰτ-ώδης, ες,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀνοματώδης
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7 βαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go' (Il.).Other forms: Only present stem. Other presents: 1. βάσκω, mostly as ipv. βάσκε, - τε (Il.; s. below); 2. βιβάσκω (Il.), mostly causative ; 3. βίβημι (βίβᾱμι), - άω (to ἔβην, s. below) in βιβάς, βιβῶν, βιβᾳ̃ `stride' (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300); 4. βιβάζω (posthom.) causative; 5. βιβάσθων in μακρὰ β. (Il.), metrical lengthening of βιβάς at verse end (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39).Derivatives: 1. βάσις `step, base' (Pi., in comp. Il.) = Skt. gáti- (below). 2. βατήρ, - ῆρος m. `threshold, basis' (Amips., inscr. etc.). 3. - βάτης, - ου m. from comp.: ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐμ-βάτης etc. (Il.), also with nominal first element, e. g. στυλο-βά-της; 4. - βατος from comp.: ἀνα- ( ἀμ-)βατός etc. (Il.); βατός as simplex (rarely) `accessible' (X.); s. Chantr. Form. 302ff. From - βάτης and - βατος abstracta in - σία, ὑπερβασία `transgression' (Il.); denomin. in - εύω and - έω, ἐμβατεύω etc. 5. - βάς, - άδος f. in ἐμβαδές. From here (?) adv. βάδην `step by step'. 6. βάθρον `basis, seat' etc. (Ion.-Att.), βάθρᾱ. 7. βαθμός and βασμός m. `step, basis' etc. (hell.; βαθμίς f. Pi.). Not here βαμβαίνων, q. v. From the root βη-: βῆμα, βᾶμα n. `step' etc. (h. Merc. etc.; = Av. gāman- n. `step') ; further βηλός (βᾱλός) m. `threshold' (Il.), βηλά n. pl. = πέδιλα (Panyas.); s. Chantr. Form. 240. Also - βήτης, - ου m. in ἐμπυριβή-της ( τρίπους) `standing over the fire' (Ψ 702); on διαβή-της s.s.v. `circle etc.' (Ar.) s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33f.; cf. also ἀμφισβητέω.Etymology: A jot present \< *βάν-ι̯ω \< *βάμ-ι̯ω \< gʷm̥-i̯ō, βά-σκω \< *gʷm̥- from the root * gʷem-. The non-present forms were made from the root βη- (βᾱ-) \< * gʷeh₂-: ἔβην, βήσομαι (factitive ἔβησα, βήσω after ἔστησα, στήσω), βέβηκα (Il.). The present βαίνω is identical with Lat. venio (on `go' and `come' s. Porzig Satzinhalte 330f.); the sḱ-present βάσκε in Skt.. gácchati \< *gʷm̥-ske-ti `he goes'. The full grade in Goth. qiman `come', Skt. á-gam-am `I went' (aor.). Here also ἐβάθη ἐγεννήθη H.? for which one compares Lith. gìmstu `be born', if - stu \< *-sḱō (Leumann IF 58, 120)? - With βάσις cf. Skt. gáti-, Lat. con-ventio, and Germ., e.g. Goth. ga-qumÞs. Also - βατος = Skt. (-) gata-, Lat. - ventus. With βίβημι cf. Skt. jígāti `he goes. The aor. ἔβην agrees exactly with Skt. á-gā-m `he went'; das noun βῆμα agrees with Av. gā-man- n. `step, pace'. - With the roots guem- and guā- cf. * drem- (s. ἔδραμον), drā- (s. ἀποδιδράσκω), with related meaning. Cf. βέβαιος, βέβηλος, βωμός, βαστάζω, βητάρμων.Page in Frisk: 1,209-210Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαίνω
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8 βλώσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go, come' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. μολεῖν, ἔβλω ἐφάνη, ὤχετο, ἔστη; fut. μολοῦμαι ( βλῶξαι, βλώξω Lyc.), perf. μέμβλωκα ( βέβλωκε ἠρεμεῖ, φύεται H.)Compounds: κατα-, προ-, ἐκ- etc. αὑτόμολος `deserter' (Hdt.); ἀγχίμολον ( ἦλθε, Il.), old absolutive Wackernagel, Mus. Helv. 1, 226ff.; ἀγχιβλώς ἄρτι παρών H.Etymology: Pres. βλώσκω \< *μλώ-σκω (cf. μολ-εῖν, μέ-μβλω-κα) from *ml̥h₃-sk- is clear. The aor. stem βλω- will have the same origin, with the zero grade from the plural. The nominal forms with - μολ- will have o-grade, * molh₃-. The aor. stem μολ-ε\/ο- is explained from metathesis in *μελο-μ, -ς, -τ \< * melh₃-. Harðarson, Wurzelaorist 169f, 224f, also assumes stressed l̥h₃ \> ολο, which is doubtful; the existence of a development μλω- (in ἔβλω) beside μολο- is improbable. I would expect *l̥h₃ \> αλ, which was replaced by ολ after the predominant o-vocalism. The metathesis is not an independent phonetic development, but part of this process of morphological reorganisation. - Outside Greek perhaps in Slavic, e.g. Serb. iz-mòlīti *`let come out', i.e. `show', Slov. molíti `hinstrecken, hinhalten'. - Uncertain Toch. A mlosk-, mlusk- `escape' (B mlutk ?). - Connection with μέλλω is phonetically improbable (because of the laryngeal), with μολεύω `cut off and transplant the shoots of trees' is semantically impossible.Page in Frisk: 1,246-247Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βλώσκω
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9 βόθρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `hole, trench, pit (dug in the ground)' (Il.; on the meaning s. Hutchinson JHSt. 55, 1ff.; also as sports term, s. Jüthner WienStud. 53, 68ff.).Derivatives: βοθρίον (Alciphr.) also `small ulcer' (Hp.). - Also (cf. Schwyzer 481) βόθῡνος m. (Cratin.; cf. αἰσχρός: αἰσχύνομαι, Chantr. Form. 208).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: βόθρος and βόθυνος have been connected with Lith. bedù `sting, dig', Lat. fodio `dig', fossa, Welsh bedd `canal'. One assumes a dissimilated PIE * bodh-, or influence of βαθύς (but Alkiphr. 3, 13 ἐμβαθύνας βόθρια may be a later association). - H. Petersson, Heteroklisie 128ff., assumes a labiovelar and connects γυθίσσων διορύσσων H. and further βαθύς etc. (s. βυθός); improbable. - The IE connection is impossible, and the formation (nominal -ῡν-, s. Beekes, Pre-Greek) is also suspect; the meaning too makes a Pre-Gr. word probable.Page in Frisk: 1,248-249Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βόθρος
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10 δαῆναι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `learn' (Il.),Other forms: ep. also δαήμεναι intr. aor., fut. δαήσομαι, perf. δεδάηκα, δεδαώς (Od.), δεδάημαι (h. Merc.), redupl. aor. in caus. δέδαε (Od.), 3. pl. δέδαον H., inf. δεδάασθαι (for δεδαέσθαι?) (π 316), second. δάε, ἔδαε (A. R.), δα[ι]ῆσαι διδάξαι H.; pres. διδάσκω, s. v.Derivatives: δαήμων `knowing' (Il.) with δαημοσύνη (A. R.); privative ἀδαἡς (s. v.); δάησις (EM); Δάειρα, s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [201] *dens- `learn'Etymology: δα- from IE. *dn̥s-, to δήνεα. So δαῆναι contains the zero grade of IE. * dens-, seen in Av. dīdaiŋhē and in nominal forms, e. g. Skt. dasrá- `effecting miracles'. Aor. δέ-δα-ε from *de-dn̥s-e-t. - Cf. δήνεα, διδάσκω, δαΐφρων.Page in Frisk: 1,338Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δαῆναι
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11 δηλέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `hurt, damage' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. δηλήσασθαι, δᾱλ- Theoc. 9, 36; 15, 48; El. κα-δαλέοιτο, κα-δαλέ̄μενοι ( κα-ζαλ-), perf. δεδήλημαιDerivatives: δήλημα `damage, destruction' (Od.; on the meaning Chantr. Form. 183), and δηλήμων `damaging, ruin' (Hom.); δήλησις `damage' (Ion., Thphr.); - δηλήεις `destructing' (Nic.), after nominal αἰγλήεις etc.; δηλητήριος `id.' (Teos Va u. a.), - ιον `poison' (Hp. Ep.); δηλητήρ only Hom. Epigr. 14, 8; δηλητηριώδης (Dav. Proll.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Schwyzer (720) took it as an iterative-intensive deverbative. With short α, φρενο-δᾰλής `destroying the mind' (A. Eu. 330 lyr.), δάλλει κακουργεῖ H., also παν-δάλητος `destroyed' (Hippon. 2); also, with unknown quantity, ἀδαλές ὑγιές, δάλαν λύμην, δαλῃ̃ κακουργῃ̃, δαλήσασθαι λυμήνασθαι, ἀδικῆσαι H. Doubtdul ζά-δηλος (Alc., s. v.). - As *`split' δηλέομαι was connected with δαιδάλλω, δέλτος as IE. * del- (and connected with Lat. doleō, dolor. This etymology assumes for δηλέομαι PGr. ē as lengthened grade of ĕ (beside zero grade in φρενο-δᾰλής etc.). Elean could have ᾱ from η. See DELG; hyperdorism is improbable. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 51f. held δᾱλ- for old. Conbined with the improbability of a long a in IE, the conclusion is that the verb is non-IE = Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,378Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δηλέομαι
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12 δίσκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `throwing disc' (Il.).Other forms: ̥Compounds: Compound δίσκ-ουρα n. pl. (Ψ 523) `throwing distance', from δίσκου οὖρα (Ψ 431), s. οὖρον 2..Derivatives: Dimin. δισκάριον (Orib.); further δισκεύς name of a comete (Lyd.; s. Scherer Gestirnnamen 107). - Denomin. δισκέω `throw the đ.' with δίσκημα `throw, what is thrown' (cf. the nouns in -( η)μα in the tragedy, Chantr. Form. 184ff.); also δισκεύω `id.' with δισκευτής (Arist.-Com.). - Unclear δίσκελλα σπυρίς H.; a Latin suffix seems improbable; cf. synonymous fiscella.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Fur. pointed out that *δίκ-σκος from δικεῖν `throw' is hardly possible. Because the suffix in nominal derivation is rare, one assumed a σκ-present, which is unknown. Fur. 297 etc. drew the conclusion that we have to start from *δικσ-, a variant of δικ-εῖν, which is Pre-Greek. Cf. on δίκτυον, which will have δικτ- (s.v.).Page in Frisk: 1,399Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίσκος
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13 δυσοίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wail, be in fear' (A. Ag. 1316, E. Rh. 724 u. 805),Other forms: δυσοίζει δυσχεραίνει, ὑπονοεῖ. Λάκωνες. H. δυσοίζειν φοβεῖσθαι, ὑποπτεύειν H. δυσοίζοντος οἰωνιζομένου καὶ αγφαν ὑποπτεύοντος; δύσοικτος δυσθρήνητος; ἐδύσοιξα ὑπενόησα H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: H.'s explanation with ὑπονοεῖν, ὑποπτεύειν, οἰωνίζεσθαι through wrong connection with οἴομαι? - Because of the nominal prefix and the augmented aorist we should start from δύσοικτος, which comes either from οἶκτος or from *οἰκτός to οἴζω (A. D.). - See Debrunner GGA 1910, 7 and Fraenkel's ed. of Agamemnon v. 1316.Page in Frisk: 1,426Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δυσοίζω
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14 δύω 2
δύω 2.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `enter, go into'Other forms: δύομαι, δύνω, aor. δῦσαι, δύσασθαι, δῦναι, perf. δέδῡκα, aor. pass. δυθῆναι, fut. δύσω, δύσομαι, δῠθήσομαι, unclear ep. preterite δύσετο (Schwyzer 788, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 416f.) trans. ( δύω, δῦσαι, δύσω), mostly with prefix ἀπο-, ἐκ-, ἐν-, κατα-δύω; otherwise intr. ( δύομαι, δύνω) `get into, slip into, put on', often with prefix ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ὑπο- etc. - δύομαι, - δύνω; rarely - δύω (Il.).Compounds: often with nominal first member in compounds, e. g. τρωγλο-δύτης `cave-dweller' (Hdt.) with - δυτικός, - δυτέω, λωπο-δύτης `who goes in foreign clothes, thief (of clothes)' (Att. etc.) with - δυτέω, - δυσίου ( δίκη), - δυσία; vgl. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 225f.Derivatives: δύσις `setting of sun and stars, West' (Hecat.) with δυτικός; often to the prefixed verbs in different meanings ἔκ-, ἔν-, κατά-δυσις etc. δῦμα ( POxy. 6, 929, 8; 15, II-IIIp) = ἔνδυμα `garment' (Va), also ὑπόδυμα. δύτης `diver' (Hdt. 8, 8); in diff. meunings ἐν-, ὑπεν-, ἐκ-δύτης etc. with ἐκδύσια pl. name of a feast in Crete (Ant. Lib.); ἐνδυτήρ `to put on' (S. Tr. 674 of πέπλος) with ἐνδυτήριος (S.), also ὑποδυτήρια pl. (Str. 14, 5, 6; v. l. ὑποδεκτ.). δυσμαί pl. (rarely sg., s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 43) `setting of sun and stars, West' (Ion.-Att.) with δυσμικός (Str.); also δυ-θμαί, - θμή `id.' (Call.; on the suffix Chantr. Form. 148f.). δυτη s. v. δυτῖνος name of a waterbird (Dionys. Av.; as ἰκτῖνος, κορακῖνος etc.). δυτικός `suited to diving, western' (Arist.). - Lengthened verb form: δύπτω (s. v.); δύσγω ἀποδύω H., after μίσγω (Wackernagel KZ 33, 39 = Kl. Schr. 1, 718); cf. also φύσγων (Alc., POxy. 18, 2165; s. Specht KZ 68, 150.Etymology: In the meaning `put on' Sanskrit has (the rare) upā-du- (only gerundive Ved. upādútya-), s. L. v. Schroeder WZKM 13, 297f., Brugmann IF 11, 274. Perh. also in δείελος etc. (s. v.). - On the intransitive nasal present δύνω s. Schwyzer 696, Schwyzer-Debrunner 230. - Cf. also ἁλιβδύω.Page in Frisk: 1,427-428Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δύω 2
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15 εἰκῃ̃
εἰκῃ̃Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `just so, without planning', late also `vain' (Ion.-Att.).Derivatives: εἰκαῖος `without plan, at random' (S.) with εἰκαιότης (Phld.) and εἰκαιοσύνη (Timo). Cf σπουδῃ̃, κομιδῃ̃ etc.; so a nominal dativ (Schwyzer 622).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1129] *u̯eik- `resemble, seem'Etymology: Wrong Wackernagel Unt. 137 n. 1 who, after Indian parallels, assumes *ἐ-Ϝεκῃ̃ `arbitrarely' from ἑκών. Impossible because of the prothesis. Ruijgh, Lingua 28 (1971)169, starts from *u̯eik- `resemble, seem' which seems possible.Page in Frisk: 1,453Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰκῃ̃
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16 ἐμπολή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `trade, trade-goods, purchase, profit' (Pi., Att.).Other forms: Arc. ἰνπολα, IVaCompounds: Comp. ἀπεμπολή s. below. Note ἐμπέλωρος ἀγορανόμος H. (prob. for ἐμπολ-; diff. Chantraine, s. v.). - ἐμπολαῖος `belonging to trade', surname of Hermes (Ar.), ἐμπολεύς `buyer' (AP; cf. Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 74). Denomin. verb ἐμπολάω -άομαι, impf. ἠμπόλων, aor. ἠμπόλησα ( ἐνεπόλησα Is.), ἠμπολήθην, perf. ἠμπόληκα ( ἐμπεπόληκα Luc.), ἠμπόλημαι `trade, buy, sell, win' (Od.). Also with prefix: ἀπ-, δι-, ἐξ-, παρ-, προσ-.Derivatives: ἐμπόλημα `goods, profit' (S.), ( ἀπ-)ἐμπόλησις (Hp., Poll.), ἀπεμπολητής `seller' (Lyc.); postverbal ἀπεμπολήν ἀπαλλαγήν, πρᾶσιν, ἐμπορίαν H.Etymology: Also ( ἐξ-)ἐμπολέω `id.' (Herod., J.). Cf. ἐντολή, ἐντομή etc. and so based on a verb *ἐμπέλω, - ομαι. One compares the iterative (with lengthened grade) πωλέω `sell'. ἐμπολάω is a denomin, as appears from the augmented and reduplicated forms. - Connection with πέλομαι, -ω `turn, move' is semantically possible; ἐμπολή would then be `traffic'. IE has an old word for `sell, earn etc.', in several nominal derivv., e. g. Skt. paṇa- m. `salary' (with paṇate `trade, buy'), Lith. pel̃nas `wages, salary', OHG fāli, OWNo. falr `sal(e)able'; one connects πωλέω separating ἐμπολή. See Schwyzer 720 n. 8. See on ἐμπολή, ἐμπολάω Chantraine, Rev. de phil. 66, 11ff. with diff. suggestions ( πελάζω, πέλας etc.). - De Lamberterie argues for connection with * kʷel- and πωλέομαι, RPh 2, 1997, 159 and 172.Page in Frisk: 1,507-508Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐμπολή
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17 ἕννυμι
ἕννυμι, - μαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `cloth, put on' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. εἵνυμι, - μαι, impf. κατα-είνυον Ψ 135 (v. l. - νυσαν, - λυον; cf. εἰλύω), aor. ἕσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι, fut. ἕσ(σ)ω, - ομαι, Att. ἀμφιῶ, - οῦμαι, perf. med. εἷμαι, ἕσσαι, εἷται or ἕσται, εἱμένος, plupef.. ἕστο, ἕεστο (Il.; cf. below), Att. ἠμφίεομαι, ἠμφιεσμένος, poet. ἀμφεμμένος, aor. pass. ptc. ἀμφιεσθείς (Hdn.)Compounds: Often with preverb, esp. ἀμφι- (always in Attic); also ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, ἀπαμφι- etc. New presents: ἀμφι-έζω, ἀμφιάζω (s. v.).Derivatives: ἑανός name of a womans cloth s. v. εἵματα pl. (rarely sg.) `clothes, cover' (Il.), Aeol. (Ϝ)έμματα ( γέμματα ἱμάτια H.), Cret. Ϝῆμα ( γῆμα ἱμάτιον H.), also gen. sg. Ϝήμας, of Ϝήμᾱ f. (cf. γνῶμα ἕννυμι γνώμη a. o.); often as 2. member, e. g. εὑ-, κακοείμων. Diminut. εἱμάτια pl., Att. ἱμάτια, - ιον (s. v.), with ἱματίδιον, - ιδάριον, ἱματίζω, ἱματισμός. ἔσθος n. `clothes, dress' (Ω 94, Ar. [lyr. u. dor.]), formation like ἄχθος, πλῆθος etc. (Schwyzer 511, Benveniste Origines 199); denomin. perfect ἤσθημαι, mostly in ptc. ἠσθημένος (ἐ-) `clothed' (Ion.) with ἐσθήματα pl. `clothes' (trag., Th.), ἐσθήσεις `id.' (Ath.); cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 106f. More usual than ἔσθος is ἐσθής (Pi. ἐσθάς), - ῆτος f. `id.' (Od.); explan. by Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 527, Schwyzer IF 30, 443; lengthened dat. pl. ἐσθήσεσι (hell.). γέστρα (= Ϝέστρα; cod. γεστία, s. below) ἔνδυσις, στολή, ἱμάτια H.; s. Latte; to ἐφ- resp. ἀμφι-έννυμι: ἐφεστρίς f. `upper garment, coat' (X.), ἀμφι-εστρίς f. `coat, sleeping garment' (Poll.); on the formation Schwyzer 465, Chantr. Form. 338. From ἀμφι-έννυμι further ἀμφίεσμα (Ion.-Att.), - ίεσις (Sch.), - ιεσμός (D. H. 8, 62; v. l. - ιασμός, from ἀμφιάζω).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1172] *u̯es- `cloth'Etymology: The present ἕννυμι, εἵνυμι \< *Ϝέσ-νυ-μι (Att. - νν- from restored - σν-, Schwyzer 284, 312, 322, Lejeune Traité de phon. 105) is identical with Arm. z-genum `put on' (aor. z-ge-c̣ay, med.). Beside this nu-present an athem. rootpresent in Indoiranian and Hittite, Skt. vás-te `clothes himself', Hitt. impv. act. 2. pl. u̯eš-ten, ind. pres. med. 3. sg. u̯eš-ta. Exactly parallel are the perfekt forms εἷμαι \< *Ϝέσ-μαι, with analog. εἷται, 2. sg. ἕσ-σαι (Od.), 3. sg. ἐπί-εσται (Hdt. 1, 47, = aind. vás-te); perh. these are reinterpreted (ptc. εἱμένος) old presents; see Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 297, Schwyzer 767. One the σ-aorist cf. Toch. B pret. wässāte `he put on' and Pedersen 106. - The nominal derivv. can be old: ἑανός m.: Skt. vás-ana-m n. `cloth'; εἷμα = Skt. vás-man- n. `cloth'; Ϝέστρᾱ: Skt. vás-tra-m n. `id.', MHG wes-ter `christening robe'. Greek does not have (except uncertain γεστία, s. above) the normal t-deriv. in Lat. ves-ti-s, Arm. zges-t (instr. zgest-u, u-stem), Goth. wasti, Toch. B was-tsi (prop. inf.). - See Ernout-Meillet s. vestis. The idea that IE. u̯es- `cloth' is a deriv. of eu- (* h₁eu-) `put on' in Lat. ind-uō etc.is impossible because of the h₁-.Page in Frisk: 1,521-522Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕννυμι
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18 ἐπισκῠνιον
ἐπισκῠ́νιονGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `skin of the brows' (Il.), metaph. `proud, severity' (Plb. 25, 3, 6).Etymology: If the simplex σκύνια n. pl. `eyebrows' (Nic. Th. 177, 443, Poll. 2, 66) was not derived from ἐπισκύνιον, the word would come from *ἐπι-σκύνιος `upon the brows'. In any case we have to start from a nominal *σκυν-, which together with OHG scūr `protecting roof', Lat. ob-scūr-us *`covered', dark' for which an r-n-stem is supposed; with l-suffix, σκύ-λος n. `flayed skin of an animal', σκῦλα n. pl. `spolia'. Perhaps the root is seen in Skt. sku-nā-ti, sku-no-ti `cover'. - See W.-Hofmann s. obscūrus.Page in Frisk: 1,541Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπισκῠνιον
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19 ἐρείκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `breach, bruise, pound' (Il.).Other forms: ( ἐρεικόμενος intr. Ν 441), aor. ἤρῐκε (Ρ 595, intr.), ἐρεῖξαι (Ion.-Att.), perf. pass. ἐρήριγμαι, - μένος (Hp., Arist.),Derivatives: ἐρεικίδες pl. (Gal.), ἐρεικάς (H.) `pounded barley, groats', ἐρείκιον `crumbly pastry' (Gal.; formation like ἐρείπια), ἐρεικίτας ( ἄρτος, Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89), all often itacistic. written ἐρικ-; thus ἐρίγματα pl. (Hp.), ἐρίγμη (Sch.) `bruised beans' for ἐρειγ-; in the same meaning with unexplained ε: ἐρέγματα (Thphr., Erot.), ἐρεγμός (pap., Gal., Erot.) with ἐρέγμινος (Dsc., Orib.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; cf. [858]Etymology: To the full grade root present ἐρείκω and the clearly old weak grade aorist ἤρικε there are no formal and semantic agreements. Close comes Skt. rikháti, likháti `scratch' (with aspirated velar), Lith. riekiù, riẽkti `cut loaf, plough for the first time', Skt. riśáti, liśáti `pluck, tear away'; the different forms can be in relation with the expressive meaning. As related nominal formations one might consider OHG rīga, MHG rīha `row, line', Lat. rixa `hatred, conflict', prob. also rīma `scratch, split'. - Further W.-Hofmann s. rīma, rixa, ricinus. Cf. ἐρείπω.Page in Frisk: 1,551-552Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρείκω
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20 ἐρεσχηλέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: (v. l. - χελέω); only presentDerivatives: ἐρίσχηλος λοίδορος (EM, Parth. Fr. 18; after ἔρις).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Like βλασφημέω (s. v.) a. o. prob. from a nominal 1. member and a verbal 2. member, further unclear. Wackernagel KZ 33, 57 = Kl. Schr. 1, 736 sees in ἐρεσ- a neutral stem (synonymous with ἔρις), which he finds also in ἐπήρεια; with the 2. member he compares with χηλεύειν ῥάπτειν, πλέκειν H.; ἐρεσ-χηλεῖν then `start a feud'. Furnée holds ε\/η for Pre-Greek; note also ἐρι-, which can be analogical.Page in Frisk: 1,553Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρεσχηλέω
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См. также в других словарях:
nominal — nominal, ale, aux [ nɔminal, o ] adj. et n. m. • 1503; lat. nominalis, de nomen « nom » I ♦ Ling. 1 ♦ Qui se rapporte au nom (III), a valeur de nom, équivaut à un nom. Emploi nominal d un mot. Formes nominales de la conjugaison (infinitifs,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
nominal — nom·i·nal / nä mən əl/ adj 1: existing or being something in name or form but usu. not in reality defenses...raised by the corporation as nominal defendant in a derivative suit R. C. Clark 2: being so small or trivial as to be a mere token… … Law dictionary
nominal — NOMINÁL, Ă, nominali, e, adj. 1. Care conţine nume, care indica un nume, de nume; după nume; pe nume. ♢ Valoare nominală = valoare indicată pe o acţiune, pe o hârtie monedă (care uneori nu corespunde cu valoarea reală; valoare oficială. Putere… … Dicționar Român
nominal — (Del lat. nominālis). 1. adj. Perteneciente o relativo al nombre. 2. Que tiene nombre de algo y le falta la realidad de ello en todo o en parte. Sueldo, empleo nominal. 3. Com. Dicho de una inscripción o de un título: nominativo. 4. Ling. Dicho… … Diccionario de la lengua española
Nominal — Nom i*nal, a. [L. nominalis, fr. nomen, nominis, name. See {Name}.] 1. Of or pertaining to a name or names; having to do with the literal meaning of a word; verbal; as, a nominal definition. Bp. Pearson. [1913 Webster] 2. Existing in name only;… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
nominal — nominal, ale (no mi nal, na l ) adj. 1° Qui est relatif au nom. • Il arrive si souvent, et surtout en histoire naturelle, qu une erreur nominale entraîne une erreur réelle...., BUFF. Ois. t. III, p. 352. Terme de logique. Définition… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
nominal — adj. 2 g. 1. Relativo ao nome. 2. Formado só de nomes. 3. Que só existe em nome. ≠ REAL 4. Em que se menciona o nome do indivíduo (ex.: cheque nominal, votação nominal). 5. [Economia] Que corresponde a um valor definido e não tem em conta, por… … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
nominal — adjetivo 1. Que sólo existe de nombre, y no es efectivo o real: cargo nominal. 2. Área: gramática [Oración, sintagma] que desempeña la misma función que un nombre. 3. [ … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
Nominal — bezeichnet: namentlich, zum Nennwert das Münznominal den Nominal (Glocke), Schlagton für die Tonhöhe einer Kirchenglocke Das Adjektiv nominal bezeichnet in der Wirtschaftswissenschaft eine nicht inflationsbereinigte Größe, Gegenteil: reale Größe… … Deutsch Wikipedia
nominal — [näm′ə nəl] adj. [ME nominalle < L nominalis, of a name < nomen, NAME] 1. of, consisting of, having the nature of, or giving a name or names 2. of or having to do with a noun or nouns 3. in name only, not in fact [the nominal leader] 4.… … English World dictionary
Nominal — Nom i*nal, n. 1. A nominalist. [Obs.] Camden. [1913 Webster] 2. (Gram.) A verb formed from a noun. [1913 Webster] 3. A name; an appellation. [1913 Webster] A is the nominal of the sixth note in the natural diatonic scale. Moore (Encyc. of Music.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
