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61 πόρκης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `ring around the shaft of a spear holding the metal spearhead' (Ζ 320 = Θ 495).Derivatives: πορκώδης 'π.-like' (Eust.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like γύης a.o. (Chantraine Form. 30, Schwyzer 461); further unclear. On a hypothesis by Wiedemann BB 28, 17 ff. (to Lat. compescō etc.) s. Bq and W.-Hofmann s. vv., WP. 2, 44f. Cf. πόρκος and πόρπη.Page in Frisk: 2,580Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πόρκης
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62 πρόμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `protagonist' (Hom.), `commander' (trag.).Etymology: Usually (since Corssen KZ 3, 246, Curtius a.o.) with Umbr. promom `primum', Goth. OWNo. fram `forward' identified as old superlative of IE * pro in πρό etc. Beside it with zero grade the hapax πράμος (s.v.) like Goth. fruma `first, earlier'(?). -- Because in Hom. the word means only `champion (Vorkämpfer)' the hypothesis must be considered, that πρόμος was simply shortened from πρόμαχος (Hentze in Fick Curt. Stud. 9, 196, Schulze KZ 32, 195 = Kl. Schr. 310, Bechtel Lex. s.v., Risch $ 85) ; the meaning `leader' would be due to misunderstanding of the ep. word. -- The metr. difficult ἅπ. λεγ. πρόμνοι A. Supp. 904 ( ἀγοὶ πρόμος; lyr.) may be a fault of the tradition; diff. Forssman KZ 79, 11 ff. (s. πρυμνός).Page in Frisk: 2,600Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόμος
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63 πρυλέες
πρυλέες, - έωνGrammatical information: m. pl.Meaning: `heavily armed foot-soldiers' (Il., Hes. Sc. 193, Gortyn.), metaph. of birds (Opp.); προυλέσι πεζοῖς ὁπλίταις H.Derivatives: Beside it πρύλις f. `(Cretan) weapon-dance' (Call.; after Arist. fr. 519 Cypr. or Cret.); πρυλεύσεις ἐπὶ τῆς ἐκφορᾶς τῶν τελευτησάντων παρὰ τῳ̃ ἱερεῖ H. -- How πρυλέες (sg. - λής [Hdn.] or - λύς [Schwyzer 572]) and πρύλις are formally and semantically related, is unclear. After Leumann Hom. Wörter 286 f. Cret. πρύλις would have arisen through false interpretation of ep. πρυλέες; against this Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 96 f. (w. lit.). From πρύλις in any case *πρυλεύω `to perform a π.', with πρυλεύσεις f. pl. H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: How πρυλέες (sg. - λής [Hdn.] or - λύς [Schwyzer 572]) and πρύλις are formally and semantically related, is unclear. After Leumann Hom. Wörter 286 f. Cret. πρύλις would have arisen through false interpretation of ep. πρυλέες; against this Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 96 f. (w. lit.). From πρύλις in any case *πρυλεύω `to perform a π.', with πρυλεύσεις f. pl. H. -- Etymolog. unclear. Superseded hypothesis in Bq. If prop. `champions (Vorkämpfer)' (cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 178 f.), perhaps cognate with πρύτανις (Misteli KZ 17, 174; cf. Bechtel Lex. s. διαπρύσιος)?; improbable. -- The word may well be Pre-Greek. Note the form προυλέσι.Page in Frisk: 2,605Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρυλέες
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64 ῥήγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to tear (up), to break (to pieces), to burst' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. ῥήξω, aor. ῥῆξαι (all Il.), perf. midd. ἔρρηγ-μαι (θ 137), act. (intr.) ἔρρωγα (Archil., Hp., trag.), ptc. ἐρρηγεῖα (Tab. Heracl.), trans. ἔρρηχα (hell.), aor. pass. ῥαγῆναι (Il.) w. fut. ῥαγήσομαι (A. a.o.), ῥηχθῆναι (late); new pres. ῥήσσω, ῥήττω (Hp., hell.; to ῥῆξαι, ῥήξω).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, περι-. As 1. member in verbal governing compp. ῥηξ(ι)-, e.g. ῥηξ-ήνωρ adjunct. of Achilles, `breaking the (rows of) men' (Hom.) with - ηνορίη (ξ 217); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 180; diff. Muller Mnem. 46, 135ff.: to Lat. regō (by Kretschmer Glotta 11,249 rightly doubted); Jernstedt (s. Idg. Jb. 14, 151): to ῥήσσω `to throw (down)'; cf. the lit. on ἀνήρ.Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. ῥῆγμα ( ἔκ-, σύν-) n. `tore, cleft, breach' (IA.) with ῥηγματίης, - τώδης (Hp.); 2. ῥηγμός `id.' (pap. IIIa); 3. ῥηγμίν (- μίς), - μῖνος f. `breaking down of a cart, breaking of the sea' (ep. Il.); ῑν-deriv.; cf. Chantraine Form. 168, Schwyzer 465; after Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 40 influenced by θῑν ( θίς); 4. ῥῆξις ( κατά-, περί- etc.), Aeol. Ϝρῆξις f. `breaking through, breach' (Alc., Hp., E., Arist.) with ῥηκτικός ( κατα-) `fragile, brittle' (Hp., Aët.); 5. ῥήκτης m. "the disruptor", des. of a certain form of earthquake (Arist., Lyd.); 6. Ϝρηγαλέον (cod. τρ-) διερρωγότα H.; cf. below B 4 and Leumann Hom. Wörter 273; 7. αὔρηκτος = ἄ-Ϝρηκτος `unbroken' (Hdn. Gr.). -- B. With ω-ablaut: 1. ῥώξ f. only ῥῶγας acc.pl. (χ 143) `tore' = `narrow passage' (cf.Wace JHSt. 71, 203ff., Bérard REGr. 67, 23ff.), further in prefixcompp., e.g. ἀπορρώξ `torn off', f. `torn off piece, outflow' (ep. poet. Il.); 2. διαρρωγή f. `gap, interspace' (Hp.); ῥωγαί ῥήξεις H.; 3. ῥωγάς, - άδος `torn up, cleft' (hell. poetry.); 4. ῥωγαλέος `torn up, full of holes' (Hom.); 5. ῥωγμή f. `breach, tore' (Hp., Arist.) with ῥωγματίης (Hp. ap. Gal.; cf. A 1); ῥωχμός m. `tore, cleft, gap' (Ψ 420, hell. ; \< - σμο-, Schwyzer 493), - μαί pl. `id.' (Marc. Sid.). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥαγή ( δια-), ῥαγάς, ῥάγδην, ῥαγδαῖος s. ῥαγή; 2. ῥάγος n. `rag, shred' (pap. IIp), ῥαγόεις (Nic.) after ῥάκος (s.v.), - όεις; 3. περιρραγ-ής `broken around' (AP; from περι-ρραγῆναι).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1182] *wreh₁ǵ- `break'Etymology: With ῥήγνυμι \< *Ϝρήγνυμι (cf. Ϝρῆξις, Ϝρηγαλέος) agrees semant. exactly primary Arm. ergic-anem, aor. ergic-i with the usu. caus. ergic-uc̣anem `tear apart, break'. Also phonetically they agree well except the stemvowel, as Arm. ergic-anem prop. requires an IE diphthong (u̯reiǵ-) against Gr. ῥηγ- \< u̯rēg-. If the regular phonetic development was not disturbed by one or other derailment, what would hardly suprise with a verb of this meaning, the verbs must be seprated; cf. Frisk Etyma Armen. 29 (with another hypothesis on ergicanem). Phonetically doubtful but semant. less convincing is the comparison (since Meillet MSL 9, 142) with a Balto-Slav. verb for `beat etc.' in Lith. rė́žti `cut, incise, beat', OCS rězati ' κόπτειν', Russ. rézatь `cut, slaughter' usw., to which also a.o. Russ. razítь `beat'; cf. on ῥάσσω w. lit.; older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 319 a. 2, 344. The forms with ῥαγ- must be secondary (as *u̯r̥h₁ǵ- would give Ϝρηγ-).Page in Frisk: 2,652-653Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥήγνυμι
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65 ῥίζα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `root', also metaph. `origin, stem, base' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. wiriza \/wriza\/.Compounds: Several compp., a.g. ῥιζο-τόμος m. `root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist', πολύ-ρριζος `having many roots, rich in roots' (Hp., Thphr.).Derivatives: 1. ῥιζίον n. `little root' (Ar., Thphr.), pl. - έα (Nic., - εῖα Al. 265), prob. after ὀστέα beside (Dor.) ὀστία. 2. ῥιζίας m. ( ὀπός) `root juice' (: καυλίας; Thphr.). 3. adj. ῥίζ-ώδης `rootlike' (Thphr., Hero), - ικός `belonging to roots' (Plu.), - ινος `made of roots' ( PHolm.), - αῖος `serving as a base' (Sardes). 4. adv. ῥίζ-ηθεν (A. R.), - όθεν (Nic., Luc.) `out of the root'; - ηδόν `in a rootlike way' (Hld.). 5. verb ῥιζόομαι ( ἐρρίζωται), - όω (- ῶσαι), also w. ἐν-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. `to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate' (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with ῥίζ-ωμα n. `original ground, origin, rootworks' (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), - ωσις f. `striking root' (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On ῥίζα and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From Aeol. βρίζα appears PGr. *Ϝρίδ-ι̯α, which differs in vocalism from Lat. rādīx = rād-ī-c-s (with enlarging -c- as e.g. in genetrī-x); in both cases we have a ι̯α-, resp. ī-deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse rōt f. `root' from PGm. *u̯rōt-, IE *u̯rād-, which may be seen also in Lat. rād-īx (cf. below); beside it, with i-stem and zero grade Goth. waurts, OE wyrt, OHG MHG wurz `herb, root', PGm. *u̯urt-i-, IE *u̯r̥d(-i)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh gwraidd coll. `roots' with ī-suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and ῥίζα cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel i representing a reduced grade. (Lat. rādīx, but not ONorse rōt, can represent IE *u̯rHd-, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B witsako `root' remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. rādīx. Cf. ῥάδαμνος, ῥάδιξ. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) ῥόζος `root', a cross of ῥίζα and ὄζος `branch' (Hatzidakis Άθ. 29, 180ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,655-656Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίζα
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66 ῥινός
Meaning: `the skin of man and animal, the hide, espec. the cow skin, cow hide, shield made of cow hide' (ep. Il.; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 314f. against Bechtel Dial. 3, 19f.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. ῥινο-τόρος `shield-piercing', adjunct of Ares (Φ 392 a.o.), of the θύρσος (Nonn.); ταλαύρινος (= ταλά-Ϝρινος) `shield-bearing' ('shield-enduring' [because of the weight?]; Richardson Hermathena 55, 87ff.; to be rejected Stanford ibd. 54, 121 ff.); usu. attribute to πολεμιστής as des. of Ares (Il.); on the history and explanation of the expression a hypothesis by Leumann Hom. Wörter 196 ff.; on this Trümpy Fachausdrücke 38 w. Nachtr.Derivatives: γρίντης (= Ϝρίντης) βυρσεύς H. (formation prob. after the primary ξάντης, ὑφάντης a.o.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The notation γρῖνος δέρμα H. (Aeol.; γρινός Hdn. Gr.) confirms Ϝρῑνός, which is also seen in ταλαύρινος, which was connected with th same verb as ῥίνη (s.v.); so prop. "das Abreissen", resp. "die abgerissene Haut" like δέρμα from δέρω (to which a.o. Skt. dīrṇá- `torn up' with n-suffix like Ϝρῑ-νός). -- The Germanic long i derived from - ei- (cf. Goth. writs with short i), but this is impossible for the Greek form (the case is different with δέρμα, as δέρω means `flay', but *u̯rei-(d-) means rather `scratch'. So the etymology must be rejected. The word could be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,657-658Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥινός
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67 ῥίσκος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `chest, box' to preserve adornment and money (Antiph., hell.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Like NHG Kiste, Koffer and many synonyms prob. a LW [loanword]. After Donatus (on Ter. Eun. 754) Phrygian. In this cannectian by Thumb Die gr. Spr. im Zeitalter des Hell. (1901) explained as Celt. LW [loanword] (cf. OIr. rūsc `[basket of] bark') from Galatian through Phryg. mediation (because of the change u \> i). -- IE hypothesis by Prellwitz and Persson Beitr. 1, 344 (s. Bq and WP. 1, 278, also Pok. 1158). Lat. LW [loanword] riscus. Note the synonymous rhiming word Lat. fiscus (origin debated).Page in Frisk: 2,659Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίσκος
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68 ῥόβιλλος
Grammatical information: ?Meaning: βασιλίσκος ὄρνις H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Hypothesis of Specht KZ 68, 35 and Ursprung 146: to Pol. wróbel `sparrow' wit expressive gemination. On - ιλος in birdnames Chantraine Form. 249. Cf. Thompson Birds s.v. -- Is the word Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,660Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόβιλλος
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69 σάλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `turbulent movement of the sea, flushing of the waves', also `anchorage, roads' as opposed to a protected harbour (S., E., Lys., hell. a. late), metaph. of an earthquake (E. IT 46), `turbulent emotion' (LXX, Gal., Max. Tyr.; cf. ἀσαλής, σάλη below).Compounds: Some late compp., e.g. ἐπί-σαλος `exposed to the σάλος' (Secund., Peripl. M. Rubr. a.o.); prob. also in the ep. κονί-σαλος `cloud of dust' (s. κόνις). With transference to the σ-stems ἀ-σαλής `unshaken, unconcerned' (A. Fr. 319 = 634 M.) with ἀσάλ-εια f. = ἀμεριμνία, ἀλογιστία (Sophr. 113), ἀσαλεῖν ἀφροντιστῆσαι H.; to this, prob. as backformation, σάλη, σάλᾱ f. = φροντίς (Et. Gen., H.).Derivatives: Denomin.: 1. σαλεύω, also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, δια-, prop. of the ship `to roll (on the waves), to throw oneself about, to oscillate', trans. `to make oscillate, to shock' (Att. since A., also Hp., hell. a. late) with σάλευσις ( δια-) f. `oscillation' (Arist. a.o.), σάλευμα n. `id.' (D. Chr.). 2. σαλόομαι `to go with a rocking motion' (EM as explanation of σαλάκων). -- With velar suffix: 1. σάλαξ, - ακος m. `large sieve of mineworkers' (Arist. or Thphr. ap. Poll.), also as Att. name of a potter ( Σάλαχς; Krahe IF 57, 113), - αγξ μεταλλικὸν σκεῦος H.; σαλάκων, - ωνος m. `boaster, swaggerer, dandy' (Arist.; of the varying Ganges) with σαλακων-ία (- εία) f. (Arist., Alciphr.), - ίζω ( δια- Ar.), - ίζομαι, - εύομαι (H., Phot., Suid.); σαλάσσω ( ἐκ-) `to shake' (Nic., AP), prob. directly from σάλος after τινάσσω, ταράσσω a.o. 2. σαλαγέω = σαλάσσω, σαλεύω (Opp., Orac. ap. Luc.), σαλαγή βοή H.; cf. πατα-γέω, - σσω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Orig. technical word of sailors language; without convincing etymology. A very doubtful hypothesis (Lat. tullius etc.) s. τύλη, τύλος. -- Furnée 256 connects θάλασσα\/* σάλασσα (s.v.) and ζάλη, ζάλος `tornado, whirlpool' and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek. This is confirmed\/shown by the suffixes - αγ-, - ακ-, - αγκ-; cf. σηλαγγεύς (s.v.). -- Lat. LW [loanword] salus, salum ?Page in Frisk: 2,673-674Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάλος
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70 σαρδάνιον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: μειδιᾶν, γελᾶν; σαρδάνιος γέλως `to laugh bitterly, sneeringly, to laugh; sneering laughter' (υ 292, Pl., Plh. etc.); v. l. and late also - όνιον, - όνιος (- ώ-) after Σαρδόνιος `Sardinian'; σαρδάζων μετὰ πικρίας γελῶν Phot., Suid.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Origin debated. By the ancients partly connected with σέσηρα (thus still Bechtel Lex. s. v. with morpholog. argumentation), partly with a plant growing in Sardinia ( σάρδ-ιον, - άνη, - όνιον), of which the use produced a spasmodic laughing. Further Kretschmer Glotta 34, 1ff. with new hypothesis: to the peaple's name Šardana (neighbours of Egypt) referring to σαρδανάφαλλος γελωτοποίος H.; in detail unclear. To be rejected Zupitza BB 25, 96: to Welsh chwarddu `laugh'.Page in Frisk: 2,678Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαρδάνιον
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71 σάρῑσα
σάρῑσαGrammatical information: f.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown; unsufficiently founded hypothesis by v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 21. Perh. Pre-Greek (Furnée 387.Page in Frisk: 2,678Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάρῑσα
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72 σαυκόν
Grammatical information: adj.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Prob. as (Ital. or Ligurian?) foreign word to αὖος (s. v.) a. cogn. (IE *saũsos) with Vendryes Symb. Rozwadowski 1, 140 n. 1. Other hypothesis by Pisani Ist. Lomb. 23: 2, 25 w. n. 1; cf. also Bechtel Dial. 2, 287 and Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 23. -- Furnée 110, 134, 229, 241 compares σαυχμόν σαχνόν, χαῦνον. σαθρόν, ἀσθενές H., and σαβακός `weak, mouldered, smashed' H. (s.v.) and σαβακῶς αὐστηρῶς, ξηρῶς, τραχέως H. with σαβάξας διασκεδάσας, διασαλεύσας H. The word is clearly Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,682Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σαυκόν
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73 σήθω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sieve, to sift' (Hp., Dsc., hell. a. late pap. a. o.).Derivatives: σῆσις (Suid.), σᾶσις (Delph.) f. `sieving'; σῆστρα κόσκινα H. with σηστρίδιον n. (pap. IIp).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the θ-present in σήθω, Dor. *σά̄θω (as πλή-θω a. o.; cf. esp. the synonym ἠ-θ-έω) stands σῶσι 3. pl. pres. (Hdt. 1, 200) as from σά-ω (EM σῶ); to this Att. δια-ττάω (EM τῶ). Also the aorist σῆσαι etc. and (with anal. - σ-) σησθῆναι etc. may be explained from σά-ω. -- Etymology unknown; hypothesis s. διαττάω.Page in Frisk: 2,695Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σήθω
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74 σθένος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `strength, power, ability, might' (almost only ep. poet. Il.).Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. ἀ-σθενής `without strength, strengthless' (Pi., IA.) with ἀσθέν-εια, - έω. - ημα, - όω, - ωσις; also - ικός (Arist. a.o.); second. simplex σθενής ἰσχυρός, καρτερός H. Also as 1. member, e.g. σθενο-βλαβής `damaging the strenght' (Opp.; after φρενο-βλαβής); PN as Σθενέ-λαος (after Μενέλαος), short name Σθένελος (Il.).Derivatives: 1. σθεν-αρός `powerful' (ep. poet. I 505, also Hp.); after βριαρός, στιβαρός a. o.; 2. Σθέν-ιος m., - ιάς f. surname of Zeus resp. of Athena in Argolis (Paus.); - εια n. pl. name of a Agon in Argos (Plu.), also f. sg. surn. of Athena (Lyc. 1164; after the womens' names in - εια). 3. Backformation σθέν-ω ( ἐπι- σθένος Q. S.) `to be strong, to be able' (only pres. a. ipf.; trag., also late epic a. prose; cf. Schwyzer 723); 4. also - όω `to strengthen' (1. Ep. Pet. 5, 10; fut.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Can have an ( ε)νος-suffix like ἄφενος, κτῆνος a. o. (Schwyzer 513, Chantraine Form. 420), which DELG doubts; further unclear. Hypothesis by Bolling AmJPh 21, 316: to Skt. saghnóti `endure, bear, be up to', Av. a-zg-ata- `irresistable', so IE * sgʷh-énos. Diff. Sommer Lautst.65ff.: for *σθᾶνος (from *στᾱ-σνος) with - ε- after μένος; phonetically improbable.Page in Frisk: 2,698-699Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σθένος
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75 σικύα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bottle gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris' (Hp., Arist., Thphr. etc.), metaph. `bleeding cup' (Hp., com., Pl. etc.) with - υάζω `to cup' (Arr.), with - ύασις, - υασ-μός (late).Compounds: As 1. element in σικυ-ήλατον n. `patch of gourds, cucumbers' (Hp.; - ήρατον pap.); to ἐλαύνω (resp. with ρ for λ; Schwyzer 213 w. lit.).Derivatives: Besides σίκυος ( σικυός) m. `cucumber or melon, Cueumis (sativus)' (Hp., com., Arist. etc.), also σίκυς f. `id.' (Alc., Dsc., Gal.). -- From this: dimin. σικύ-διον n. (Phryn. Com., pap. II -- IIIp); - ώδης `cucumber-like etc.' (Hp., Thphr.), - ηδόν `like a cucumber' (medic.), - ών m. `cucumber patch', - ώνη f. = σίκυος ἄγριος, also `bleeding cup' (Hdt.; like κροτώνη a. o.), - ωνία f. = κολοκύνθη (Hp., Plu.). Also Σικυών ( Σεκυ-), - ῶνος m. f. "cucumber city", city not far from Corinth (Il.) with - ώνιος, - ωνικός.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With σίκυς cf. ῥάφυς, κάχρυς a. other plant names; σικύα as οἰσύα, ὀστρύα etc.; cf. also Heubeck Praegraeca 37. In the variation σικ- σικύα σεκ- Specht KZ 61, 277ff. wants to see (s. also Kretschmer Glotta 26, 57) two diff. products of dissimilation of orig. *σύκυς, what can be proven nor disproven because of the unknown origin of the word [but s. bel.] (in spite of Slav. tyky). The partial agreement with κύκυον τὸν σικυόν, κυκύϊζα γλυκεῖα κολόκυντα H., with Lat. cucumis `cucumber' as well as with Slav., e.g. ORuss. tyky `pumpkin', to which also Sem., e.g. Hebr. qiššu'ā `cucumber', has since long been observed, but a convincing etymology has not yet been found. In any case an old LW [loanword]; source unknown. Extensive lit. in W.-Hofmann s. cucumis and Vasmer s. týkva; further Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 652 ff. New hypothesis by Deroy Rev. int. d'onom. 12, 23f.: pregr., from ku in κυέω and strengthening se-, si- (similar with IE means Brugmann IF 39, 140 ff.). -- The variation points clearly to Pre-Greek (e.g. ι\/ε, υ\/ου), Furnée 251, 354, 257, 367.Page in Frisk: 2,704Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σικύα
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76 σκῑπων
σκῑ́πων, - ωνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `staff, stick', also `crutch' (Hdt. 4, 172, Cratin. [lyr.], Ar. [anap.], E. [anap.], Call., AP; Hp., Epid. IVa);Compounds: As 1. member a. o. in ἀ-σκίπων `staffless' (AP).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Ion.-poet. word, built like κύφων, δόλων and other tool-names (Chantraine Form. 161f.) and except for the formation identical with Lat. scīpiō, - ōnis m. `staff (as sign of power and dignity like σκῆπτρον). The further similarity with σκηπάνιον, σκῆπτρον a. cogn. (s. σκήπτομαι) has since long been observed; on the hypothetic root or rootvariation skāp- ( skā[i]p-): skīp- see Solmsen Wortforsch 306ff. (now untenable). Further combinations with rich material and lit. in WP. 2, 545 a. 559ff., Pok. 922 a. 930ff. Acc. to usual supposition (Fick, Curtius, Solmsen etc.) here also as (denominative?) nasalpresent σκίμπτομαι (like σκήπτομαι to σκᾶπος); an other hypothesis s.v. One considers further the semant. not quite clear σκοῖπος ἡ ἐξοχη τῶν ξύλων, ἐφ' ὧν εἰσι οἱ κέραμοι H., prob. of the supporting beams, on which the tiles rest. -- A connection with σκῆπτρον etc. seems impossible (DELG refers to Benvenist Origines 167 and to Szemerényi Einf. in die vergl. Sprachwiss. 133). No idea what to think of the similarity of the Lat. form.Page in Frisk: 2,733Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκῑπων
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77 σκίρον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: des. of a white parasol or canopy, which was carried at processions from the aropolis to a place called Σκῖρον ( Σκίρον) (later suburb of Athens) on the holy road to Eleusis in honour of Athena (Skiras) and other goddesses and gods (Lysimachid., sch. Ar. Ec. 18); pl. Σκίρα name of a women's feast in honour of Demeter, Core and Athena Polias (Ar., inscr. a. o.).Compounds: As 1. in Σκιρο-φόρια n. pl. `id.' (H., Phot., Suid.); from this Σκιροφοριών, - ῶνος m. Att. month-name (Juni-Juli; Antipho, inscr. etc.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Not certainly explained. Since long (s. Curtius 168) connected with σκιά, semant. or course unproblematic. It must be then a very old, from σκιά independent formation, which formally agrees with Alb. hir `grace of God' (Jokl Untersuchungen 67 after Bugge) and except for the vowel-length with a Germ. adj. for `clear, gleaming, bright', e.g. Goth. skeirs, OWNo. skīrr, NHG schier (to this further with other suffixes NHG Schemen `silhouette', MHG scheim `gleam, shade', NHG scheinen etc. etc.), basic meaning `(subdued) shine, reflex' (WP. 2, 535f., Pok. 917f.); cf. on σκιά. -- The interpretation of σκίρον as `parasol' is however by Deubner Att. Feste 40ff. rejected as a late learned construction. He sees in the σκίρα (orig. meaning unknown) different objects (pigs, representations of phalluses etc.), which at the relevant feast were thrown as sacrificial gifts in subterranean caverns, the soc. μέγαρα, and later at the Thesmophoria were brought up again (s. also Nilsson Gr. Rel. 12, 119 a. 469); a in several respects doubtful hypothesis.Page in Frisk: 2,734Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκίρον
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78 σκύβαλον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `waste, offal, refuse, muck' (hell a. late).Other forms: Also *σκύβλον as in σκυβλίζω?Derivatives: σκυβαλ-ώδης `muck-like' (late), - ικός `dirty' (Timocr.?), - ίζω, also w. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, `to treat like, to regard as waste' (LXX, D. H. a.o.); to this - ισμός m. (Plb.), - ισμα n. (Ps.-Phoc.), - ισις f. (sch.); - εύομαι `id.' (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Not certainly explained. Hypothesis of Neumann Heth. u. luw. Sprachgut 90 f. a. 107 (w. criticism of earlier proposals): to Hitt. išḫuu̯a- `throw (away), shake (away)'. Older lit. also in Bq and WP. 2, 556. Cf. also Chantraine Form. 247. -- Furnée 148 compares κύπελλα τὰ της μάζης καὶ τῶν ἄρτων ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης καταλείμματα (Philet. ap. Ath. 11, 483a); if correct, the word would be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,740Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκύβαλον
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79 σμαραγέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Aor. - ῆσαιCompounds: As 2. member (directly referring to the verb) in ἐρι-σμάραγος `droning loudly' (Hes. of Ζεύς, late also of θάλασσα a. o.), also πολυ-, βαρυ-, ἁλι-σμάραγος a. o. (Opp., Nonn.). Also σμαραγίζω `id.' (Hes. Th. 693), σμαράσσω (EM), μαράσσω (Erot.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Onomatopoet. like λαλαγέω, παταγέω, σφαραγέομαι, ῥαθαγέω a. o. with λαλαγή, πάταγος, σφάραγος, ῥάθαγος a. o.; σμαράσσω like πατάσσω, ῥαθάσσω a. o. -- Improbable hypothesis on the origin (reformation of σφαραγέομαι after ( σ)μάραγνα `whip') by Güntert Reimwortbild. 159. -- Furnée 227 considers σφάραγος as a variant (with φ\/μ) and so takes the two words as Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,747Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμαραγέω
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80 σμῖλαξ
Grammatical information: f. (m.)Meaning: `Taxus baccata, common yew tree', also name of an ivy-like weed and a leguminous plant (Att., hell.), in Arcadia name of an oak, `Quercus ilex' (Thphr.);Other forms: OAtt. μῖλαξ, - ακος; also μῖλος (Cratin., Thphr.), σμῖλος (Call., Nic., Dsc.) m. `taxus'.Dialectal forms: Myc. mira₂ has been connected as *(σ)μῑλία, materail of which a table is made.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With ( σ)μῖλαξ: ( σ)μῖλος cf. οἶσαξ: οἶσος, ὀρόβαξ: ὄροβος. No etymology. Against relation with σμίλη (Prellwitz, Bq and Hofmann Et. Wb. as uncertain hypothesis) speak esp. the OAtt. forms μῖλαξ and μῖλος. - The variation proves a Pre-Greek word (Furnée 390).Page in Frisk: 2,749Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σμῖλαξ
См. также в других словарях:
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