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1 βάλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `throw, hit' (Il.), orig. `reach, hit by throwing'?, s. DELG.Other forms: Aor. βαλεῖν ( βλείην, ξυμβλήτην, ἔβλητο), pf. βέβληκα, - μαι, ( βεβολημένος from *βέβολα Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1,235?), fut. βαλῶ, also βαλλήσω (s. βαλλητύς).Derivatives: 1. βόλος m. `thowing, net' (A.); in comp. πρόβολος m. `projecting land' etc. (Od.) - 2. βολή f. `throw(ing)' (Il.). - Many deriv. from βόλος, βολή: see DELG - 3. βέλος n. `throwing weapon' (Il.); cf. βελόνη. - 4. βέλεμνον `arrow, javelin' (Il.), s. below). - 5. - βλής in comp., e.g.. προβλής, - ῆτος `projecting' (Il.). - 6. βλῆμα `throw, throwing weapon; wound'. - 7. - βλησις in comp., ἀνάβλησις `delay' (Il.). - 8. - βληστρον (for the σ Schwyzer 706) in ἀμφίβληστρον `net' (Hes.). S. βαλλητύς, βλῆτρον. - Few agent nouns; beside βλήτειρα ὀιστῶν (Alex. Aet.); in comp. (hellen.) - βολεύς, e. g. ἀμφιβολεύς; also διαβλήτωρ (Man.) = διάβολος. In comp. - έτης in ἑκατηβελέ-της (Il.) = ἑκατηβόλος. - Adj.: in comp. - βλητικός and - βλήσιμος; adverbs in - δην, παραβλήδην (Il.). - Deverb. βολέω in βεβολήατο, βεβολημένος etc., but s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 435.Etymology: Ion.-Att. βάλλω and Arc. δέλλω (with sec. assibilation ζέλλω) show original gu̯-. The geminate - λλ- either from a yod-present *βαλ-ιω or a nasal present *βαλ-ν-H-ω, athem. *βάλ-ν-η-μι. δέλλω ( ζέλλω) from the aorist ἔζελεν ἔβαλεν H., which was reshaped from an athematich aor (* e-gʷelh₁-t). βελε- also in ἑκατηβελέτης, and in βελεμν- (but s. Fur. 151: to πελεμίζω). ἔβαλον from the athem. aor. zero grade *gʷl̥h₁-. The form βλη- prob. from zero grade *gʷl̥h₁-, which is certain for ἔβλητο. - Remarkably, this old verb has no certain relatives. Av. ni- γrā- ire prob. for *niγnā-; uncertain Toch. A B klā- `fall', Skt. ud-gūrṇa-, OIr. atbaill `dies'; s. LIV. (Not to Skt. galati `drip', OHG. quellan `hervorquellen' etc.) - Cf. βούλομαι, βάλανος, βελόνη, βῶλος, βωλόναι.Page in Frisk: 1,216-217Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βάλλω
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2 πλήσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: often (in pres. in the older language always) with prefix in diff. senses, e.g. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, κατα-, παρα-, `to strike, to slap, to thrust, to hit', pass. `to be beaten, thrust, hit, struck' ( ἐκ- πλήσσω `to startle', ἐπι- πλήσσω usu. `to criticize, to scold', παρα- πλήσσω in pass. `to become crazy' etc.).Other forms: Att. - ττω ( ἐκ-πλήγνυμαι Th.), aor. πλῆξαι (Il.), Dor. πλᾶξαι, redupl. ( ἐ-)πέπληγον (Hom.), pass. πληγῆναι (Il.), Dor. Aeol. πλᾱγῆναι, with prefix - πλᾰγῆναι (IA.), πληχθῆναι (E., late), fut. πλήξω (Il.), pass. πληγήσομαι, - πλᾰγήσομαι (Att.), perf. πέπληγα (Il.: πεπληγώς), πέπληχα (hell.), pass. πέπληγμαι (IA.),Compounds: As 1. member in governing compp., e.g. πλήξ-ιππος `flogging horses' (ep. poet.Il.).Derivatives: Several derivv. Nom. actionis: 1. πληγή, Dor. πλαγά f. `hit, wound etc.' (Il.). 2. πλήγανον βακτηρία, πληγάς δρέπανον H. 3. πλῆγ-μα n. = πληγή (S., E., Arist.), - μός m. `id.' (medic., κατά- πλήσσω LXX). 4. ἀπό-, ἔκ-, ἔμ-, ἐπί-, κατά-πληξις f. `apoplexy, concussion etc.' (IA.); πλῆξις, Dor. πλᾶξις f. `striking' (Ti. Locr.). Nom. agentis a. instr. 5. πλῆκτρον, Dor. πλᾶκτρον n. `instrument for striking, mallet' (h. Hom., Pi.). 6. πληκτήρ m. `id.' (Hdn. Gr.); πλακτήρ τὸ τοῦ ἀλεκτρυόνος πλῆκτρον H.; πλάκτωρ m. (Dor.) `striker' (AP), πλήκτης m. `id.' (Hp., Arist.), ἐπι- πλήσσω `blamer, castigator' (Gloss.), - πλήκτειρα f. `who drives on' (AP). Adj., mostly as 2. member: 7. - πληξ, e.g. παραπλήξ, - γος `stricken sideways' (ε 418), `crazy' (IA.), `paralyzed' (Hp.) with - ηγία, - ηγικός (Hp.), οἰστρο-πλήξ `stung by a gadfly' (trag.); πλήξ as simplex only as designation. of a bandage (Sor.); 8. - πληκτος, e.g. ἀπόπληκτος `stirred by strikes' with - ηξίη, - ία (IA.); 9. ἐκ-, κατα-πλαγής `startled' (Plb., Luc.). 10. πληκτικός `striking, hitting' (Pl.; Chantraine Études 134 a. 138), ἐκπληκτι-κός (Th.) a.o. Verb 11. πληκτίζομαι `to fight' (Φ 499 a.o.), most `to dally' (Ar., Herod.) with - ισμός m. (AP), prob. rather enlargement of the primary verb (cf. λακτίζω and Schwyzer 706) than from a nominal τ-deriv.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [832] *pleh₂k\/g- `beat'Etymology: With the primary yot-present πλήσσω from *πλᾱκ-ι̯ω agrees a Slav. word for `weep, lament' (prop. `beat one's breast'), e.g. OCS plačǫ (sę), Russ. pláču; to this the verbal noun Lith. plókis m. `blow, stroke'. Final media as in πλᾱγ-ά̄, πληγ-ή a.o. is also found in Germ., e.g. OE flōcan `clap approval', Goth. redupl. pret. faí-flokun ' ἐκόπτοντο', OHG fluohhon `curse' (IE * plāg-). The zero grade in πλᾰγ-ηναι (with sec. short α) is also represented in the nasalized πλάζω (with Lat. plangō); beside it with -k- Lith. plakù, plàkti `beat, chastise'. Beside these forms going back on IE * plāk-, plāg- [but not * plak-, plag-!] stand with deviating vocalism Lith. plíek-iu, -ti `beat, whip' (cross with an other verb?), Lat. plectō, - ere `punish, chastise' (ē or ĕ). -- Connection with the group of πλάξ (prop. `beat broadly'?) may be considered. Further forms w. rich lit. WP. 2, 91 ff., Pok. 832f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. plectō, Vasmer s. plákatь, Fraenkel s. plíekti 2. On the perf. πέπληγα against τύπτω, πατάξαι s. Bloch Suppl. Verba 83ff.Page in Frisk: 2,561-562Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλήσσω
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3 βάλλω
Aβαλέω Il. 8.403
, , 1491: [tense] aor. 2 ἔβᾰλον, [dialect] Ion.προ-βάλεσκε Od. 5.331
; later [tense] aor. 1 (5.18); [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. inf.βαλέειν Il.2.414
,al., Hdt.2.111,al., butβαλεῖν Il.13.387
, 14.424; opt. βλείης in Epich.219, part.βλείς Id.176
, as if from ἔβλην (v. συμβάλλω): [tense] pf. βέβληκα: [tense] plpf. ἐβεβλήκειν, [dialect] Ep.βεβλήκειν Il.5.661
:—[voice] Med., [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.βαλλέσκετο Hdt.9.74
: [tense] fut. βᾰλοῦμαι ([etym.] προ-) Ar.Ra. 201, ([etym.] ἐπι-) Th.6.40, etc., [dialect] Ep. βαλεῦμαι ([etym.] ἀμφι-) Od.22.103: [tense] aor. 2 ἐβᾰλόμην, [dialect] Ion. imper.βαλεῦ Hdt.8.68
.γ, used mostly in compds.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.βληθήσομαι X.HG7.5.11
, ([etym.] δια-) E.Hec. 863; alsoβεβλήσομαι Id.Or. 271
, Hld.2.13, ([etym.] δια-) D.16.2; part.δια-βεβλησόμενος Philostr. VA6.13
([dialect] Ep. [tense] fut. ξυμ-βλήσομαι, v. συμβάλλω): [tense] aor.ἐβλήθην Hdt.1.34
, Th.8.84, etc.: Hom. also has an [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.,ἔβλητο Il.11.675
,ξύμβλητο 14.39
; subj.βλήεται Od.17.472
; opt. βλῇο orβλεῖο Il.13.288
; inf.βλῆσθαι 4.115
; part.βλήμενος 15.495
: [tense] pf. βέβλημαι, [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.βεβλήαται 11.657
(but [ per.] 3sg. h.Ap.20), opt.δια-βεβλῇσθε And.2.24
: [tense] plpf. ἐβεβλήμην ([etym.] περι-) X.HG7.4.22, ([etym.] ἐξ-) Isoc.18.17; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl.περι-εβεβλέατο Hdt.6.25
.—[dialect] Ep. [tense] pf. βεβόλημαι in special sense, v. βολέω.A [voice] Act., throw:I with acc. of person or thing aimed at, throw so as to hit, hit with a missile, freq. opp. striking with a weapon in the hand,βλήμενος ἠὲ τυπείς Il.15.495
;τὸν βάλεν, οὐδ' ἀφάμαρτε 11.350
, cf. 4.473, al.; so even inἐγγύθεν ἐλβὼν βεβλήκει.. δουρί 5.73
; and ; but later opp. τοξεύειν, D.9.17, X.An.4.2.12; ἐκ χειρὸς β. ib.3.3.15: c. dat. instrumenti, β. τινὰ δουρί, πέτρῳ, κεραυνῷ, etc., Il.13.518, 20.288, Od.5.128, etc.:βλήμενος ἢ ἰῷ ἢ ἔγχεϊ Il.8.514
: c. dupl. acc. pers. et partis,μιν βάλε μηρὸν ὀϊστῷ 11.583
: c. acc. partis only, 5.19, 657; soτὸν δ' Ὀδυσεὺς κατὰ λαιμὸν.. βάλεν ἰῷ Od.22.15
;δουρὶ βαλὼν πρὸς στῆθος Il. 11.144
: c. acc. cogn.,ἕλκος.., τό μιν βάλε Πάνδαρος ἰῷ 5.795
; also βάλε Τυδεΐδαο κατ' ἀσπίδα smote upon it, ib. 281.2 less freq. of things, ; of drops of blood, 11.536, cf. A.Ag. 1390: metaph., , cf. HF 1219; of the sun, ἀκτῖσιν ἔβαλλεν [θάμνους] Od.5.479;ἔβαλλε.. οὐρανὸν Ἠώς A.R.4.885
(so [voice] Pass.,σελήνη.. δι' εὐτρήτων βαλλομένη θυρίδων AP5.122
(Phld.)); strike the senses, of sound,ἵππων ὠκυπόδων ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει Il.10.535
, cf. S.Ant. 1188, Ph. 205 (lyr.); of smell,ὀσμὴ β. τινά Id.Ant. 412
;τάχ' ἂν πέμφιξ σε βροντῆς καὶ δυσοσμίας β. Id.Fr. 538
.3 metaph., β. τινὰ κακοῖς, φθόνῳ, ψόγῳ, smite with reproaches, etc., Id.Aj. 1244, E.El. 902, Ar. Th. 895;στεφάνοις β. τινά Pi.P.8.57
(hence metaph., praise, Id.O.2.98);φθόνος βάλλει A.Ag. 947
;φίλημα βάλλει τὴν καρδίαν Ach.Tat. 2.37
.II with acc. of the weapon thrown, cast, hurl, of missiles, rare in Hom.,βαλὼν βέλος Od.9.495
; . 346, cf. Od.20.62;ἐν νηυσὶν.. πῦρ β. Il.13.629
: c. dat., of the weapon, throw or shoot with a thing,οἱ δ' ἄρα χερμαδίοισι.. βάλλον 12.155
;βέλεσι Od.16.277
: in Prose abs., β. ἐπί τινα throw at one, Th.8.75;ἐπὶ σκοπόν X.Cyr.1.6.29
;ἐπίσκοπα Luc.Am.16
; alone,οἱ ψιλοὶ βάλλοντες εἶργον Th.4.33
: c. gen., βάλλοντα τοῦ σκοποῦ hitting the mark, Pl.Sis. 391a.2 generally of anything thrown,εἰς ἅλα λύματ' ἔβαλλον Il.1.314
;τὰ μὲν ἐν πυρὶ βάλλε Od.14.429
; [νῆα] β. ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71
; εὐνὰς β. throw out the anchor-stones, 9.137; β. σπόρον cast the seed, Theoc.25.26;β. κόπρον POxy.934.9
(iii A. D.): henceβ. ἀρούρας
manure,PFay.
118.21 (ii A. D.): metaph.,ὕπνον.. ἐπὶ βλεφάροις β. Od.1.364
;β. σκότον ὄμμασι E.Ph. 1535
(lyr.);β. λύπην τινί S.Ph.67
.b of persons, β. τινὰ ἐν κονίῃσιν, ἐν δαπέδῳ, Il.8.156, Od. 22.188;γῆς ἔξω β. S.OT 622
;β. τινὰ ἄθαπτον Id.Aj. 1333
; :—[voice] Pass.,ὑπὸ χλαίνῃ βεβλημένος AP5.164
(Mel.); on a sick-bed,Ev.Matt.
8.14: then metaph.,ἐς κακὸν β. τινά Od. 12.221
;ὅς με μετ'.. ἔριδας καὶ νείκεα β. Il.2.376
; β. τινὰ ἐς ἔχθραν, ἐς φόβον, A.Pr. 390, E.Tr. 1058; also ἐν αἰτίᾳ or αἰτίᾳ β. τινά, S.OT 657, Tr. 940 (but in E.Tr. 305 β. αἰτίαν ἔς τινα); κινδύνῳ β. τινά A.Th. 1053
.3 let fall,ἑτέρωσε κάρη βάλεν Il.8.306
, cf. 23.697;β. ἀπὸ δάκρυ παρειῶν Od.4.198
, cf. 114;κατὰ βλεφάρων β. δάκρυα Thgn. 1206
;κατ' ὄσσων E.Hipp. 1396
;αἵματος πέμφιγα πρὸς πέδῳ β. A.Fr. 183
; β. τοὺς ὀδόντας cast, shed them, Arist.HA 501b2, etc.; so βάλλειν alone, ib. 576a4;βοῦς βεβληκώς SIG958.7
([place name] Ceos).4 of the eyes, ἑτέρωσε βάλ' ὄμματα cast them, Od.16.179; ;πρόσωπον εἰς γῆν Id.Or. 958
: intr., ὀφθαλμὸς πρὸς τὸ φῶς βαλών aiming at.., Plot.2.4.5; βαλὼν πρὸς αὐτό directing one's gaze at.., Id.3.8.10.5 of animals, push forward or in front,τοὺς σοὺς [ἵππους] πρόσθε βαλών Il.23.572
; πλήθει πρόσθε βαλόντες (sc. ἵππους) ib. 639;βάλλε κάτωθε τὰ μοσχία Theoc.4.44
: metaph.,β. ψυχὰν ποτὶ κέρδεα BionFr.5.12
.6 in a looser sense, put, place, with or without a notion of haste,τὼ μὲν.. βαλέτην ἐν χερσὶν ἑταίρων Il.5.574
, cf. 17.40, 21.104;μῆλα.. ἐν νηΐ β. Od.9.470
;ἐπὶ γᾶν ἴχνος ποδὸς β. E.Rh. 721
(lyr.);φάσγανον ἐπ' αὐχένος β. Id.Or.51
;τοὺς δακτύλους εἰς τὰ ὦτα Ev.Marc.7.33
; β. πλίνθους lay bricks, Edict.Diocl.7.15; pour,οἶνον εἰς ἀσκούς Ev.Matt.9.17
;εἰς πίθον Arr.Epict.4.13.12
, cf. Dsc.1.71.5 (v.l. for ἐμβ.): metaph.,ἐν στήθεσσι μένος βάλε ποιμένι λαῶν Il.5.513
; ὅπως.. φιλότητα μετ' ἀμφοτέροισι βάλωμεν may put friendship between them, 4.16; ;ἐν καρδίᾳ β. Pi.O.13.16
; but also θυμῷ, ἐς θυμὸν β., lay to heart, A.Pr. 706, S.OT 975.b esp. of putting round,ἀμφ' ὀχέεσσι θοῶς βάλε καμπύλα κύκλα Il.5.722
; of clothes or arms,ἀμφὶ δ' Ἀθήνη ὤμοις.. βάλ' αἰγίδα 18.204
; put on,φαιὰ ἱμάτια Plb. 30.4.5
.d pay, PLond.3.1177 (ii A. D.), POxy.1448.5 (iv A. D.).7 of dice, throw,τρὶς ἓξ βαλεῖν A.Ag.33
, cf. Pl.Lg. 968e;ἄλλα βλήματ' ἐν κύβοις βαλεῖν E.Supp. 330
: so prob. ψῆφος βαλοῦσα, abs., by its throw, A.Eu. 751: metaph., εὖ or to be lucky, successful,Phld.
lr.p.51 W., Rh.1.10 S.III intr., fall,ποταμὸς Μινυήϊος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων Il.11.722
, cf. A.R.2.744, etc.; ἄνεμος κατ' αὐτῆς (sc. νεώς)ἔβαλε Act.Ap.27.14
; [ἵππους] περὶ τέρμα βαλούσας having run round the post, Il.23.462; ἐγὼ δὲ.. τάχ' ἐν πέδῳ βαλῶ (sc. ἐμαυτήν) A.Ag. 1172 (lyr.); λίμνηθεν ὅτ' εἰς ἁλὸς οἶδμα βάλητε arrive at.., A.R.4.1579; εἴσω β. enter a river's mouth, Orac. ap.D.S.8.23; βαλὼν κάθευδε lie down and sleep, Arr.Epict.2.20.10; τί οὖν, οὐ ῥέγκω βαλών; ib.4.10.29; ap. POxy.1368.51; cf. A. 11.4.2 in familiar language, away with you! be hanged!Ar.
V. 835, etc.;βάλλ' ἐς μακαρίαν Pl.Hp.Ma. 293a
, cf. Men.Epit. 389.B [voice] Med., put for oneself, ὡς ἐνὶ θυμῷ βάλλεαι that thou may'st lay it to heart, Il.20.196, cf. Od.12.218;σὺ δ' ἐνὶ φρεσὶ βάλλεο σῇσιν Hes.Op. 107
;εἰ μὲν δὴ νόστον γε μετὰ φρεσὶ.. βάλλεαι Il.9.435
;ἐς θυμὸν βαλέσθαι τι Hdt.1.84
, etc.; εἰς or ἐπὶ νοῦν, εἰς μνήμην, Plu.Thes. 24, Jul.Or.2.58a, etc. (v. supr. A.11.6); ἐπ' ἑωυτῶν βαλόμενοι on their own responsibility, Hdt.4.160, cf. 3.71, al.; ἑτέρως ἐβάλοντο θεοί, v. l. for ἐβόλοντο in Od.1.234;θεοὶ δ' ἑτέρωσε βάλοντο Q.S.1.610
.2 τόξα or ξίφος ἀμφ' ὤμοισιν βάλλεσθαι throw about one's shoulder, Il.10.333, 19.372, etc.;ἐπὶ κάρα στέφη β. E.IA 1513
(lyr.).4 lay as foundation,κρηπῖδα βαλέσθαι Pi.P.7.3
, cf. 4.138, Luc.Hipp.4; also, lay the foundations of, begin to form,οἰκοδομίας Pl.Lg. 779b
;χάρακα Plb.3.105.10
, Poll. 8.161; simply, build,ἱερὸν περί τι Philostr.VA4.13
; β. ἄγκυραν cast anchor, Hdt.9.74, etc.; .II rarely, χρόα βάλλεσθαι λουτροῖς dash oneself with water, bathe, h.Cer.50 (butλουτρὰ ἐπὶ χροῒ βαλεῖν E.Or. 303
). (Arc. - δέλλω in ἐς-δέλλοντες, = ἐκ-βάλλοντες, IG5(2).6.49: ζέλλειν· βάλλειν, Hsch. Root g[uglide]el- 'throw', Skt. galati 'trickle', OHG. quellan 'spurt up', Lith. gulēti 'lie'.) -
4 τυγχάνω
Aτύγχανον Od.14.231
, ([etym.] παρετ-) Il.11.74: [tense] fut.τεύξομαι 16.609
, Od.19.314, Ar.Eq. 112, Lys.18.23 (also as [tense] fut. [voice] Med. of τεύχω): [tense] aor. 2 ἔτῠχον, [dialect] Ep. τύχον, Il.5.287, 587, etc.; [dialect] Ep. subj. τύχωμι, -ῃσι, 7.243, 11.116; later also τετύχῃσι, Max.577; late [dialect] Ep. opt.τετύχοιμι Man.3.299
: [dialect] Ep. also [tense] aor. 1ἐτύχησα Il.15.581
, al., Hes.Fr.15: [tense] pf. τετύχηκα (intr.) Od.10.88 (part. τετυχηκώς, v.l. τετυχηώς. Il.17.748), Th. 1.32, (trans.) X.Cyr.4.1.2, Isoc.3.59; later also τέτευχα, D.21.150 (cod. S), Arist.EN 1119a10, PA 647b15, freq. later, PEnteux.6.7 (iii B. C.), UPZ123.30 (ii B. C.), PStrassb.98.10 (ii B. C.), Inscr.Prien.108.287 (ii B. C.), etc.; [dialect] Dor. [tense] pf. inf. (Cos, iii B. C.); but [dialect] Ion. [tense] plpf.ἐτετεύχεε Hdt.3.14
; τέτυχα v.l. in Ep.Hebr.8.6, v.l. in J.BJ7.5.4, ([etym.] συν- ) Aristeas 180, etc.; part.τετυχώς Jahresh.29
Beibl. 163 (Stara Zagora):—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 :— [voice] Pass., [tense] impf.ἐτυγχάνετο Ant.Lib.39.3
(dub.): elsewh. in compds, [tense] aor. 1 ἐτεύχθην ([etym.] ἐν-) Plb.35.6.1: [tense] pf. τέτευγμαι ([etym.] ἐπι-) Id.6.53.2.A happen to be at a place, εἴ πέρ τε τύχῃσι μάλα σχεδόν even if she be quite near, Il.11.116; μὴ σύ γε κεῖθι τύχοις may'st thou not be there, Od.12.106; ;πεδίοιο διαπρύσιον τετυχηκώς Il.17.748
(but in these last two places the meaning may be ' has been made' (though not by human agency), cf. [γαῖα] οὐδ' εὐρεῖα τέτυκται Od.13.243
;γυναικὸς ἄρ' ἀντὶ τέτυξο Il.8.163
, etc.; v. ad fin.).2 of events, and things generally, happen to one, befall one, come to one's lot, c. dat. pers., οὔνεκά μοι τύχε πολλά because much fell to me, Il.11.684;καί μοι μάλα τύγχανε πολλά Od.14.231
; , cf. Pers. 706 (troch.);οἷ' αὐτοῖς τύχοι S.Ph. 275
;εἴ τι δεσπόταισι τυγχάνει E.Alc. 138
: abs.,εἰ δ' αὖθ', ὃ μὴ γένοιτο, συμφορὰ τύχοι A.Th.5
, cf. Ag. 347, etc.;ἄριστα πρὸς τὸ τυγχάνον E.Hel. 1290
, cf. Ion 1511.b [tense] aor. part. ὁ τυχών, the first one meets, any chance person, Hes.Th. 973, Pl.R. 539d, etc.;οἱ τ.
everyday men, the vulgar,X.
Mem.3.9.10, etc.;εἷς ἦν τῶν τ. Isoc.10.21
; οὐχ ὁ τ. ἀνήρ, of Moses, Longin.9.9: so of things, τὸ τυχόν any chance result, Pl.Ti. 46e; ; οὐχ ὁ τ. λόγος no common discourse, Pl.Lg. 723e;σύνεσιν οὐ τὰν τυχοῦσαν Archim.
Spir.Praef.; οἱ τ. φόβοι trifling fears, Lycurg.37; καίπερ τὸ τ. καταβαλοῦσιν though they may have paid a trifling sum, Str.5.2.7:—Math., τυχὸν σημεῖον any point (at random), Euc.1.5, cf. 6.9; ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια any other equimultiples taken at random, Id.5.4.3 in [ per.] 3sg. [tense] aor. or [tense] impf., impers. (sts. also pers.) in relat. clauses, as (when, where, etc.) it (he, she, etc.) happened (may happen, etc.), i. e. anyhow, at any time, place, etc., καὶ ἀρχομένοις καὶ μεσοῦσι καὶ ὅπως ἔτυχέ τῳ at the beginning, middle, or any other point, Th.5.20; ὡς ἔτυχε ζημιοῦσθαι to be penalized just anyhow, X.Mem.3.9.13; οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχεν in no ordinary manner, Men. Sam.79, BMus.Inscr.4.481*.340 (Ephesus, ii A. D.); τὴν μὲν δικαίαν, τὴν δ' ὅπως ἐτύγχανεν just anyhow, E.Hipp. 929; ἀποτετμάσθω δύο τμάματα ὡς ἔτυχεν let two segments be cut off at random, Archim. Con.Sph.24;χώρᾳ γ' ἐν ᾗ ἔτυχε X.Oec.3.3
;ὅπου ἔτυχεν Id.Cyr.8.4.3
;ὅπου ἂν τύχῃ Pl.Prt. 242e
; sometimes,Pl.
Phd. 89b; sometimes,E.
El. 1169 (lyr.); but, at any odd time, Th.1.142;ἡνίκ' ἂν τ. D.1.3
; ἂν τύχῃ, εἰ τύχοι, it may be, Pl.Cra. 430e, Hp.Mi. 367a;τὸ δέ, εἰ ἔτυχεν, οὐχ οὕτως ἔχει Id.Cra. 439c
;εἰ οὕτως ἔτυχεν Arist.Cat. 8b12
; mere chance,Pl.
Phlb. 28d: with attraction of the relat. Pron.,τὸ οἷς ἔτυχε προσκρούειν Plu.Cic.27
;ὡμίλει ᾧ τύχοι Plb.26.1.3
;ὧν ἔτυχε πιμπλάμενος Luc.Vit.Auct.9
; οὐδὲ γὰρ ὧν ἔτυχ' ἦν they were not just any acts, D.18.130.b c. acc. et inf.,ἔτυχε ὄμβρον συνεργῆσαι Plu.Alc.28
, cf. Ael.NA5.6; ἔτυχεν ὥστε .. D.C.39.12.4 sts. the Verb agrees in person and number with the subject of the principal clause, perhaps by assimilation, ἀπαίροντες ἀπὸ τῆς Πελοποννήσου ὁπόθεν τύχοιεν, for ὁπόθεν τύχοι, Th.4.26, cf. 93, 5.56, 7.70, Pl.Tht. 179c; ὅ τι ἂν τύχωσι, τοῦτο λέγουσι they say just anything, Id.Prt. 353a;ὅ τι ἂν τύχωσι, τοῦτο πράξουτιν Id.Cri. 45d
, cf. Grg. 522c, Smp. 181b; ;ὡς ἐτύγχανον ἕκαστοι, ηὐλίζοντο X.An.2.2.17
, cf. 3.1.3;τάχ' ἄν, εἰ τύχοιεν, σωφρονέστεροι γένοιντο D.15.16
;δουλεύειν μᾶλλον ἢ μεθ' ὁποτέρου ἂν τύχωσι τούτων ἐλευθέρους εἶναι Th.8.48
; πρὸς ὀργὴν ἥν τινα τύχητε ἔστιν ὅτε σφαλέντες τὴν τοῦ πείσαντος μίαν γνώμην ζημιοῦτε yielding to the impulse of the moment, Id.3.43; Ra. 945: with attraction of the relat. Pron.,οὓς ἂν τύχῃς ἐπαινῶν Isoc.12.206
.5 neut. part. τυχόν, used abs. like ἐξόν, παρόν, etc., since it so befell,οὕτως τ. Luc.Symp.43
.b as Adv., perchance, perhaps, Isoc.4.171, X.An.6.1.20, Pl.Alc.2.140a, 150c, D.18.221, 21.41, Men.Pk. 184, 1 Ep.Cor.16.6;τ. ἴσως Epich.277
, E.Fr.953.9, Men. Epit. 287, Plb.2.58.9; τυχὸν μὲν.., τυχὸν δὲ .. Arr.An.1.10.6, etc.II joined with the part. of another Verb to express a coincidence, τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship happened to be, i. e. was just then, starting, Od.14.334;ξεῖνος ἐὼν ἐτύχησε παρ' ἱπποδάμοισι Γερηνοῖς Hes.Fr.15.3
, cf. Semon.7.19, Pi.N.1.49;πρυτανεία ἣ ἂν τυγχάνῃ πρυτανεύουσα IG12.63.27
, cf. 52; τὰ νοέων τυγχάνω what I happen to have, i.e. have at this moment, in my mind, Hdt. 1.88, cf. 8.65,68.ά; ἐτετεύχεε ἐπισπόμενος Id.3.14
; ὃ τυγχάνω μαθών which I have just learnt, S.Tr. 370; παρὼν ἐτύγχανον I was by just then, Id.Aj. 748; τυγχάνει καθεύδων he is sleeping just now, Ar.V. 336 (troch.); ἔτυχον στρατευόμενοι they were just then engaged in an expedition, Th.1.104; ἔτυχε κατὰ τοῦτο καιροῦ ἐλθών he came just at this point of time, Id.7.2; ἥτις δέ τοι μάλιστα σωφρονεῖν δοκεῖ, αὕτη μέγιστα τυγχάνει λωβωμένη she is just the one who.., Semon.7.109; but freq. τυγχάνω cannot be translated at all, esp. in phrase τυγχάνω ὤν, which is simply = εἰμί, S.Aj.88, Ar.Pl.35, Pl.Prt. 313c, etc.2 the part. ὤν is sts. omitted, ; εἴ σοι χαρτὰ τυγχάνει τάδε ib. 1457; νῦν δ' ἀγροῖσι τυγχάνει ib. 313;ἔνδον γὰρ ἄρτι τυγχάνει Id.Aj.9
;εἴ τις εὔνους τυγχάνει Ar.Ec. 1141
;εἰ σὺ τυγχάνεις ἐπιστήμων τούτων Pl.Prt. 313e
, cf. Grg. 502b, R. 369b, al.: sts. τυγχάνειν is used much like εἶναι, Σωτὴρ γένοιτ' ἂν Ζεὺς ἐπ' ἀσπίδος τυχών A.Th. 520; οὐκ ἀποδάμου τυχόντος not being absent, Pi.P.4.5 (cf. τόσσαις); ποῦ χρὴ τηνικαῦτα τυγχάνειν; E.IA 730
; τ. ἐν ἐμπύροις to be engaged in.., Id.Andr. 1113; freq. in Arist., , cf. 1289b16, Top. 151b11; also in later Gr.,τὰ ἑπτάμηνα γόνιμα τυγχάνειν Sor.1.55
, cf. 69, al.;νέος πάνυ τυγχάνων PLips. 40 ii 7
(iv A. D.), etc.:—Phryn.244 rejects this usage in Attic.b τυγχάνον, = τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑποκείμενον, the external reality, e. g. αὐτὸς ὁ Δίων as distd. both from the word ([etym.] φωνή) Δίων and its meaning, Stoic.2.48.c τὰ πράγματα τυγχάνοντα καλοῦσι (sc. οἱ Στωϊκοί) , τέλος γὰρ τὸ τυχεῖν τούτων, ib.77.3 later c. inf., τυγχάνομεν ἐπιδεδωκέναι we happen to have handed in.., we have just handed in.., PTeb.796.13 (ii B. C.), cf. PSI10.1118.8 (i A. D.), 1.39.4 (ii A. D.), Heliod. et Antyll. ap. Orib.44.8.21, 25, 44.23.21, Gal. 18(2).394.B gain one's end or purpose, succeed,οὐκ ἐτύχησεν ἑλίξας Il. 23.466
;εἰ τύχῃ τις ἔρδων Pi.N.7.11
, cf. 55; τὸ τυχεῖν, = νίκη, Id.O.2.51;πείθειν.. τυγχάνειν θ' ἅμα E.Hec. 819
;εἰ τύχοιμεν Th.4.63
; τυχόντες if successful, opp. σφαλέντες, Id.3.39, cf. 82, Pi.P.10.62;τυγχάνουσι καὶ ἀποτυγχάνουσι Arist.Po. 1450a3
;ὀρθῶς πράττειν καὶ τ. Pl.Euthd. 280a
; gain one's request, Hdt.1.213 (so τυχόντα γνώμης in Th.3.42); in speaking, to be right,τί νιν καλοῦσα.. τύχοιμ' ἄν; A.Ag. 1233
, cf. Ch.14, 317 (lyr.), S.Ph. 223, OC 1580; (lyr.):—[voice] Pass., impers., αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ ἔργον οὐδὲν ἐτυγχάνετο nothing went right, dub. in Ant.Lib. 39.3:—in part. τυχήσας or τυχών, combined with νύξε, βάλε, οὖτα, etc., pierce, wound, etc., successfully, so that the whole phrase means hit,ἔγχεϊ νύξε κατὰ κληῗδα τυχήσας Il.5.579
, cf. 858, 12.394; βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ ζωστῆρα τυχήσας ib. 189; , cf. 5.98, 582, 13.371, 397, Od.19.452, al.; also conversely,θηρητὴρ ἐτύχησε βαλών Il.15.581
;βαλὼν τύχω Hdt.3.35
; also apart from such combinations, hit, c. gen.,προβιβάντος Il.16.609
;μηρίνθοιο 23.857
;τ. τοῦ σκοποῦ Pl.Lg. 717b
, cf. R. 523b, Th.2.35, X.An.3.2.19, Ap.1: c. dupl. gen.,εἰ.. τοῦ παιδὸς.. τύχω μέσης τῆς καρδίης Hdt. 3.35
: abs.,ἤμβροτες οὐδ' ἔτυχες Il.5.287
;αἰ κε τύχωμι 7.243
, Od.22.7.II hit upon, light upon:1 meet, fall in with persons, Αακεδαίμονι.. τυχήσας having met [him] in Lacedaemon, Od.21.13: c. gen., ; τριακτῆρος ib. 172 (lyr.);ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν Lys.2.5
;γυναικῶν X.Smp.9.7
: with a predicate added,μή τευ μελαμπύγου τύχῃς Archil.110
;προφρόνων Μοισᾶν τ. Pi.I.4(3).43(61)
;θεῶν ἀμεινόνων τ. E.Heracl. 351
;ἐμοῦ.. οἰκητοῦ S.OT 1450
, cf. 677;ἡμῶν τ. οἵων σε χρή E.Hel. 1300
, cf. Lys.18.23;ἐρωτᾶτε αὐτοὺς ὁποίων τινῶν ἡμῶν ἔτυχον X.An.5.5.15
;τοῦ δαίμονος.. κακοδαίμονος Ar.Eq. 112
.2 light on a thing,τύχε γάρ ἀμάθοιο βαθείης Il.5.587
; attain, obtain a thing, c. gen.,πομπῆς καὶ νόστοιο Od.6.290
;αἰδοῦς Thgn.253
, cf. 256; [ οἴκτου] A.Pr. 241;ξυγγνώμης Th.7.15
; ; of meeting with misfortunes, βίης τυχεῖν meet with, suffer violence, Hdt.9.108; τραυμάτων, κακῶν, A.Ag. 866, E.Hec. 1280; δίκης, κρίσεως, Pl.Grg. 472d, Phdr. 249a, cf. Lg. 869b: abs., have the lot or fate,ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω, ὅς κε τύχῃ Il.8.430
; (where τὴν is governed by αἰτήσας).b after Hom. also c. acc. of neut. Adj. or Pron.,τὰ πρόσφορα A.Ch. 711
, cf. Eu.30, S.OC 1106, Ph. 509 (lyr.), E.Med. 758, Hec.51: later the acc. is used more freely,τ. ἐπίστασιν Sammelb.5235.15
(i A. D.); (ii A. D.);βοήθειαν PGoodsp.Cair.15.14
(iv A. D.); (iv A. D.); .c after either case a gen. pers. may be added, obtain a thing from a person,ὧν δέ σου τυχεῖν ἐφίεμαι S.Ph. 1315
;σου τοῦτο τ. Id.OC 1168
; or the pers. may be added with a Prep.,τ. ἐπαίνου ἔκ τινος Id.Ant. 665
;παρὰ σεῖο τ. φιλότητος Od.15.158
;τιμίαν ἕδραν παρ' ἀνδρῶν A.Eu. 856
(dub.);αἰδοῦς ὑπό τινος X.Cyr.1.6.10
, cf. Mem.4.8.10, etc.: abs.,χρὴ πρὸς μακάρων τυγχάνοντ' εὖ πασχέμεν Pi.P.3.104
.d c. inf.,οἶμαί σου τεύξεσθαι μεθεῖναί με Pl.Phlb. 50d
;ἐὰν ψαῦσαι τοῦ νεκροῦ τύχωμεν Plu.Pel.33
; οὐ τυχὼν ἐπιδείξειν ( = ἐπιδεῖξαι ) not having succeeded in proving, PPetr.3p.153 (iii B. C.). (Τυ-γ-χ-άνω, with ἐτύχησα, τετύχηκα, is formed from the [tense] aor. τυχ-εῖν, which was orig. the [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. (with act. form) of τεύχω 'make'; ἔτυχε = factum est, as ἔτραφον = I was nourished (v. τρέφω); senses A.1.1-3 are the oldest and are parallel toτεύχω 11
(esp.[voice] Pass.); many of the forms belong equally to both verbs; τιτύσκομαι like wise belongs to both verbs; τ (ε) υχ- from Θ (ε) υχ-, cf. ἀποθύσκειν, ἐνθύσκει, συνθύξω, and perh. Germ. taugen 'to be capable, useful', Engl. dow, doughty.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τυγχάνω
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5 ὀρέγω
ὀρέγω, Od.17.366, E.Ph. 1710 (lyr.), etc.; [dialect] Ion. and later Prose, Hdt. 2.2, Arist.HA 497b27, etc.: [tense] impf.Aὤρεγον Pi.P.4.240
, App.BC4.126 : [tense] fut.ὀρέξω Il.13.327
, E.Med. 902 : [tense] aor.ὤρεξα Il.23.406
, Trag. (S.OC 846, etc.), and sts. in Prose, Pl.Phd. 117b, X.An.7.3.29:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Il.24.506, Th.2.65, etc.: [tense] fut. , Pl.R. 486a ([etym.] ἐπ-): [tense] aor.ὠρεξάμην Il.23.99
, E.HF16, etc.: rare in Prose, X.Mem.1.2.15 ; also ὠρέχθην ib.16, Ages.1.4, Smp.8.35, Hp.Ep.17, Epicur.Sent.7, Fr. 187, as well as in E. (Hel. 1238 ) (not in Hom.): [tense] pf.ὤρεγμαι Hp.Oss.18
; redupl. [ per.] 3pl. ὀρωρέχαται, [tense] plpf. -έχατο, Il.16.834, 11.26.—Cf. ὀρέγνυμι, ὀριγνάομαι :—reach, stretch, stretch out,χεῖρ' ὀρέγων Od.17.366
;εἰς οὐρανόν Il.15.371
, Od.9.527 ; χεῖρας ἐμοὶ ὀρέγοντας, in entreaty, 12.257, cf. Plu.Cam.36 ;μοι.. λεχέων ἐκ χεῖρας ὄρεξας Il.24.743
;πρός τινα Pi. P.4.240
, cf. S.OC 846, etc. ; Ὅμηρον.., ἐφ' ὃν πᾶσαι χεῖρ' ὀρέγουσι πόλεις, to claim him, APl.4.294.2 reach out, hold out, hand, give,κοτύλην καὶ πύρνον Od.15.312
;δέπας Il.24.102
; , cf. 17.453, Hes.Th. 433 ;ἠέ τῳ εὖχος ὀρέξομεν, ἦέ τις ἡμῖν Il.12.328
, cf. S.Ph. 1203 (lyr.);ὀ. πλοῦτόν τινι Pi.P.3.110
;τέλος ἔμπεδον Id.N.7.58
;ὤρεξε τὴν κύλικα τῷ Σωκράτει Pl.Phd. 117b
; later βοήθειαν ὀρέξαι τοῖς ἀδικουμένοις extend help, POxy.902.11 (v A.D.).II [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass.,1 abs., stretch oneself out, stretch forth one's hand, Od.21.53 ;ἀνδρὸς.. ποτὶ στόμα χεῖρ' ὀρέγεσθαι Il.24.506
(but having lent a helping hand,Epigr.Gr.
448.4 ([place name] Syria));ὀρεξαμένη ἀπὸ δίφρου Hes.Sc. 456
; ὠρέξατο χερσὶ φίλῃσι, χειρὶ σκαιῇ, Il.23.99, Hes.Th. 178 ; ἔγχει ὀρεξάσθω let him lunge with the spear (from the chariot), Il.4.307 ;πρόσθεν Ἄρης ὠρέξαθ' ὑπὲρ ζυγὸν.. ἔγχεϊ χαλκείῳ 5.851
; ποσσὶν ὀρωρέχαται πολεμίζειν, of horses, they galloped to the fight, 16.834; ὀρέξατ' ἰών he stretched himself as he went, i.e. made a stride, 13.20 ; ὀρωρέχατο προτὶ δειρήν were stretched out towards the neck, 11.26 ; of fish, rise at the bait,καί τις τῶν τραφερῶν ὠρέξατο Theoc. 21.44
; for A.Ag. 1111, v. ὄρεγμα 1.1.2 c. gen., reach at or to a thing, grasp at, οὗ παιδὸς ὀρέξατο he reached out to his child, Il.6.466, cf. Od.11.392 ; in a hostile sense, aim at, assail, hit, τοῦ δ' ἀντίθεος Θρασυμήδης ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος.. ὦμον hit him first on the shoulder, Il.16.322 ; ib. 314, a gen. pers. must be supplied, ἔφθη ὀρεξάμενος πρυμνὸν σκέλος; so in 23.805 ὁππότερός κε φθῇσιν ὀρεξάμενος χρόα καλόν;δηΐων ὀρέγοιτ' ἐγγύθεν ἱστάμενος Tyrt.12.12
; also of a suppliant, τί χρῆμα θηρῶσ' ἱκέτις ὠρέχθης ἐμοῦ; E.Hel. 1238.b metaph., reach after, grasp at, yearn for, ;τῶν μεγίστων Id.Fr. 240
;ἀπεόντων Democr.202
;ζωῆς Id.205
: freq. in [dialect] Att. Prose, Antipho 2.2.12, Th.3.42, Pl.R. 439b, 485d, etc.;ὀ. τοῦ πρῶτος ἕκαστος γίγνεσθαι Th.2.65
: so c. inf.,πόλιν ὠρέξατ' οἰκεῖν E.HF16
;ὀ. τοιοῦτος γενέσθαι Pl. Prt. 326a
;οὐδέποτε ὠρέχθην τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκειν Epicur.Fr. 187
: also, abs., yearn, desire,πάσῃσιν ὀρέξαιτο πραπίδεσσιν Emp.129.4
;θυμὸς ὀρέξατο γηθοσύνῃσιν A.R.2.878
;ὀρεγόμεθα κατὰ τὴν βούλευσιν Arist.EN 1113a12
; cf. ὀρεκτός, ὄρεξις.3 c. acc., σῖτόν τ' ὄρεξαι take food, E.Or. 303 (v.l. σίτων); αἰώρημα διὰ δέρης ὀρέξομαι I will put the noose on my neck, Id.Hel. 353 (lyr.). -
6 πατάσσω
πατάσσω fut. πατάξω; 1 aor. ἐπάταξα. Pass.: fut. 3 sg. παταχθήσεται (Just., D. 53, 5); aor. inf. παταχθῆναι (Mel., P. 34, 233), ptc. neut. παταχθέν (AcPl Ha 5, 11); (cp. πάταγος ‘crash’; Hom.+; ins, pap LXX; PsSol 17:35; TestJob 20:6; TestLevi, JosAs; GrBar 3:8; AssMos Fgm. j; Hecataeus Hist.: 264 Fgm. 21 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 203]; Just., Mel.)① to physically strike a blow, strike, hitⓐ of a light blow or push τὶ someth. (Aesop, Fab. 246 P.=108 H.; 88 Ch.; 278 H-H. τὸ στῆθος) τὴν πλευράν τινος strike someone’s side in order to waken him Ac 12:7. τοῦ πατάξαι αὐτά to drive (sheep) forward GJs 18:3 codd. Abs., but w. the acc. easily supplied fr. the context, of touching w. a staff Hs 9, 6, 4.ⓑ of a heavy blow; w. acc. of the pers. (Demosth. 21, 33 τὸν ἄρχοντα; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 17 §64 δᾳδοῦχον ἐπάταξε ξίφει) π. τὸν δοῦλον Mt 26:51; Lk 22:50. τὸ ὠτίον παταχθέν the ear hit (by hail) AcPl Ha 5, 11. Abs. strike ἐν μαχαίρῃ Lk 22:49 (cp. TestLevi 6:5 τὴν πόλιν … ἐν στόματι μαχαίρας).ⓒ of a blow that kills, strike down, slay τινά someone (PHal 1, 196; UPZ 19, 8 [159 B.C.]; BGU 1024 III, 17; JosAs 23:7) Mt 26:31; Mk 14:27; B 5:12 (all three after Zech 13:7; for the subject-matter s. Jos., Ant. 8, 404); Ac 7:24 (Ex 2:12).② to inflict someth. disastrous, strike, fig. ext. of 1. Used in ref. to transcendent beings, it cannot be determined whether any actual touching or striking is involved, nor how far it goes (cp. Gen 8:21; Ex 9:15; 12:23; Num 14:12; Dt 28:22; 4 Km 6:18; 2 Macc 9:5 and oft. in LXX; PsSol 17:35; TestJob 20:6 [of Satan]. S. also SIG 1240, 11; PHamb 22, 7) ἐπάταξεν αὐτὸν ἄγγελος κυρίου an angel of the Lord struck him Ac 12:23. Used w. instrumental ἐν and dat.: of the two witnesses π. τὴν γῆν ἐν πάσῃ πληγῇ Rv 11:6 (PGM 12, 368 θεόν, τὸν πατάξαντα γῆν; 2 Macc 9:5 π. πληγῇ). Of the Logos as judge of the world ἐν αὐτῇ (i.e. the ῥομφαία proceeding fr. his mouth) π. τὰ ἔθνη 19:15.—DELG s.v. πάταγος. M-M. TW. -
7 γναθμός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `jaw' (Hom.)Derivatives: PN of a parasite Γνάθων, with Γναθώνειος, Γναθωνίδης, Γναθωνάριον (Plu.). Denom. γναθόω `hit the jaw' (Phryn. Com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: γναθμός from γνάθος after λαιμός, βρεχμός, ὀφθαλμός. - Always compared with Lith. žándas `id.', Latv. zuôds `chin, sharp side'; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following d (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform *gn̥h₂dʰ- would have given *γνᾱθος, *gn̥h₂edʰ- *γαναθος; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can - να- be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with γένυς is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian κάναδοι σιαγόνες, γνάθοι H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for *κναδοι? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with κνώδων, κνώδαλον.Page in Frisk: 1,316Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γναθμός
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8 θιγγάνω
A : 2 [tense] fut. : [tense] aor.2ἔθῐγον Archil.71
, E.Ba. 304, etc.; [dialect] Lacon. inf. :—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.θιχθῆναι S.E.M.9.258
:—touch, handle: abs.,μὴ θίγγανε IG12(3).451
([place name] Thera), etc.: usu. c. gen., , etc.; χερσὶ or χερὶ θ. τινός, Id.Th.44, E.Ba. 1318;δι' ὁσίων χειρῶν S.OC 470
: c. acc., χεῖρα (s. v.l.)Νεοβούλης θιγεῖν Archil.
l.c.; χερσὶ γλαυκᾶς ἐλαίας θιγοῦ[σ' ὄζον] Limen.6 (dub. l.):—[voice] Pass., to be touched, Arist.HA 495a6.2 take hold of, τινος S.Aj. 1410 (anap.), etc.; θ. ὠλέναισιν τέκνου embrace, E.Ph. 300 (lyr.); θ. γυναικός have intercourse with.., Id.Hipp. 1044; θ. εὐνῆς ib. 885, cf. S.OC 329: abs., E.El.51; γλίχεται θιγεῖν καὶ συνεῖναι, of man's aspiration after God, Phld.D. 3.1.3 touch, attempt, παντὸς.. λόγου κακοῦ γλώσσῃ θ. S.Ph. 408; ;θ. πονηρίας Isyll.5
; in hostile sense, attack, (lyr.);σώματος τοῦ σοῦ Id.IA 1351
(troch.).II metaph., of the feelings, touch, θιγγάνει σέθεν τόδε; Id.Hipp. 310; ψυχᾶς, φρενῶν, Id.Alc. 108; πολλὰ θ. πρὸς ἧπαρ reach to the heart, A.Ag. 432 (lyr.).2 touch upon, in speaking or discussion, Arist.Metaph. 988a23,al., Pol. 1323b38; also of the mind, apprehend,νοῦς.. θιγγάνων καὶ νοῶν Id.Metaph. 1072b21
, al.3 reach, win,ἀγώνων Pi.I.1.18
, etc. also c. dat., θ. ἡσυχίᾳ, ἀρεταῖς, ψεύδει, Id.P.4.296, 8.24, 9.42; reach, hit,διαβολὴ θ. τινός Plu.Alex.10
.—Not found in pure [dialect] Att. Prose ( ἅπτομαι being used), but used by X.Cyr.1.3.5,al.: [tense] aor. 1 inf. θίξαι v.l. for ψαῦσαι in Suid.s.v. θιγεῖν, θῖξαι v.l. for δεῖξαι in Arist.EN 1111a14.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > θιγγάνω
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9 ἐπέχω
A , D. 45.88: [tense] aor. ἐπέσχον, imper. ἐπίσχες, inf. ἐπισχεῖν; poet. (lyr.),ἐπέσχεθον A.R.4.1622
: [tense] pf.ἐπέσχηκα Supp.Epigr. 1.362.12
(Samos, iv B.C.):— have or hold upon, θρῆνυν.., τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης (v.l. ἐπίσχοιας)λιπαροὺς πόδας Il.14.241
, cf. Od.17.410; ποτῷ κρωσσὸν ἐ. hold it to or for.., Theoc.13.46; λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες (sc. κόσμῳ) holding it out like a torch, Ep.Phil.2.16:—[voice] Med., hold by,χειρός A.R.4.751
.II hold out to, present, offer,οἶνον ἐπισχών Il. 9.489
;ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν Od.16.444
;κοτύλην.. ἐπέσχε Il.22.494
; εἴ ποτέ τοι.. μαζὸν ἐπέσχον ib.83, cf. E.Andr. 225; also γάλακτι δ' οὐκ ἐπέσχον οὐδὲ μαστῷ τροφεῖα ματρός I offered not mother's food with my breast, Id. Ion 1492: c. inf.,πιεῖν ἐπέσχον Ar.Nu. 1382
: abs., Id. Pax 1167:—[voice] Med., ἐπισχόμενος (sc. τὴν κύλικα) ἐξέπιεν having put it to his lips, Pl.Phd. 117c, cf. Stesich.7, A.R.1.472, Luc.Tox.37;ἐπὶ χείλεσι.. μαστὸν ἐπισχομένη Euph.92
; present a sum of money, τῇ πόλει Supp.Epigr.l.c.3 simply, hold, ([place name] Panticapaeum); of writings, contain, Philostr.VS2.24.2, cf. 2.9.1.4 enjoin, impose a task, c. dat. pers., Procop.Arc.17, Vand.1.8.III hold or direct towards,ἔπεχε τόξον σκοπῷ Pi.O.2.89
;ἄλλῳ ἐπεῖχε τόξα E.HF 984
:— [voice] Med., abs., ἐπισχόμενος βάλεν ἰῷ having aimed at him he hit him, Od.22.15.b intr., aim at, attack, τί μοι ὧδ' ἐπέχεις; why thus launch out against me? 19.71; in tmesi,ἐπὶ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔχωμεν 22.75
;ἀλλήλοις ἐ. Hes.Th. 711
;ἄνδρα ἐπέχοντα τῷ Πύρρῳ Plu.Pyrrh. 16
;ἐπέχειν ἐπί τινα Hdt.9.59
;τὰς ἐπὶ σφίσι ναῦς ἐπεχούσας Th.8.105
;πρός τι Plu.Ant.66
: c. dat., ἀκτῇσιν ἐπέσχεθον held straight for the beach, A.R.4.1766: abs., E.Ba. 1131.2 ἐπέχειν τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπί τινι direct one's mind to a thing, Pl.Lg. 926b;τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην Plu.Aem.8
, etc.; also ἐ. ἑαυτόν τινι attend to him, Pl.R. 399b codd.b abs., ἐπέχειν (sc. τὸν νοῦν) intend, purpose, c. inf.,ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt.1.80
, cf. 153, 6.96: c. dat. rei, to be intent upon, ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, διαβάσει, etc., Ar.Lys. 490, Plb.3.43.2, etc.IV hold back, keep in check,ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα Il. 21.244
;καὶ πῶς ἐπέσχε χεῖρα μαιμῶσαν φόνου; S.Aj.50
; ἐπισχὼν ἡνίαν ib. 847;ἐπίσχωμεν τὸ πλεῖν Id.Ph. 881
; ;οὐκ ἐφέξετε στόμα; Id.Hec. 1283
; χρησμοὺς ἐ. withhold them, Id.Ph. 866; ἐπέχειν τινὰ τῷ ξύλῳ keep him down with the stick, Ar. Pax 1121;τὸ εὐθέως ἐπιχειρεῖν Th.7.33
; confine, as the earth a corpse, AP7.461 (Mel.);ἐ. τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα
cover,Plu.
Cat.Mi.28;ἐπέχομεν τὴν ἐκπνοήν Gal.6.172
;τὰς διαχωρήσεις ἐ. Id.Vict.Att.12
:—[voice] Med.,ἐπισχόμενος τὰ ὦτα Pl.Smp. 216a
:—[voice] Pass.,τοῦ βάθους ἐπεσχημένου J. AJ5.1.3
; to be prevented, hindered,ὑπό τινος PFreib.11.13
(iv A.D.); of the menses, Gal.1.184.b stay or adjourn proceedings,τὰ πρὸς Ἀργείους Th.5.46
; τὴν ζημίαν καὶ τὴν κατασκαφήν ib.63;τὴν δίαιταν D.21.84
; suspend payments, in [voice] Pass., PTeb.337.4 (ii/iii A.D.), cf. PGiss.48.11 (iii A.D.).cἐ. τινά τινος
stop, hinder from,E.
Andr. 160, Ar.Lys. 742, D.S.13.87: c. inf., σε μήτε νὺξ μήτε ἡμέρα ἐπισχέτω ὥστε ἀνεῖναι.. let them not stop thee so that thou neglect.., Th.1.129;ἐ. τινὰ μὴ πράσσειν τι S.El. 517
, Ph. 349; :—[voice] Pass., μηδενὸς ἐπεχομένου no objection being taken, PTeb.327.37 (ii A.D.).d impers., there is a hindrance,Astramps.
Orac.97.3.2 abs., stay, pause,Ἀντίνοος δ' ἔτ' ἐπεῖχε Od.21.186
; refrain, Hdt.1.32, 5.51, 7.139; εἰ δ' ἐφέξετον if you tarry, S.El. 1369, etc.: folld. by a Conj., esp. in imper., ἐπίσχες ἢν.. wait and see whether.., E.Supp. 397;ἐπίσχες ἔστ' ἂν.. προσμάθῃς A.Pr. 697
;ἐ. ἕως.. D.4.1
;μέχρι τοσούτου ἔως.. Th.1.90
; ἐπίσχες, abs., hold! stop! A.Ch. 896, S.OC 856, etc.;ἐπίσχετε, μηδὲ συρίξητε Timocl.2.6D.
;ἐπίσχετον, μάθωμεν S.Ph. 539
, cf. E. Hipp. 567; in part.,ἐπισχὼν ὀλίγον χρόνον Hdt.1.132
, al.; τὸ ἐπισχεῖν, opp. τὸ παραχρῆμα, Antipho 5.73; οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπισχὼν ἧκεν came after a short interval, Pl.Phd. 59e; μικρὸν ἐπισχόντα διεφθείροντο they very shortly died, Thphr.HP4.4.13, cf. Diocl.Fr.43; in Th.2.81 οὐκ ἐπέσχον τὸ στρατόπεδον καταλαβεῖν did not halt for the purpose of occupying a camp (unless it, = ' had no intention of occupying').b c. gen. rei, stop or cease from,ἐπίσχες τοῦ δρόμου Ar.Av. 1200
;τῆς πορείας X.Cyr.4.2.12
;τούτου Th.8.31
; alsoἐ. περί τινος Id.5.32
, cf. 8.5: so c. inf., leave off, cease to do, X.Mem.3.6.10: c. part., cease doing,ἀναλῶν οὐκ ἐφέξεις Ar.Eq. 915
(lyr.), cf. E.Ph. 449.c as technical term of the Sceptics, suspend judgement, doubt, Str.2.1.11, Ph.1.387, S.E.P.1.196;ἐ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδήλοις Plu. 2.955c
;< πρὸς> τὰ ἄδηλα Arr. Epict.1.7.5
.3 [voice] Med., maintain reserve,ἐπείχετο [ἡ σύγκλητος] κατὰ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Plb.30.19.17
(s. v.l.).V reach or extend over a space,ἐπτὰ δ' ἐπέσχε πέλεθρα Il. 21.407
; ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος so far as the fire reached, 23.238, cf. Hdt.7.19, Th.2.77, f.l. in Hp.Aër.5, etc.: [tense] aor. [voice] Med., ἐπέσχετο he lay outstretched, Hes. Th. 177; prevailed over..,Epigr.Gr.
793.5 ([place name] Apollonia);ἀφορία ἐ. τὸν βίον Longin.44.1
.VI have power over, occupy a country,οἱ Σκύθαι τὴν Ἀσίην πᾶσαν ἐπέσχον Hdt.1.104
, cf. 108, 8.32, Th.2.101, 7.62, etc.; of things, ἐπ' ὀκτὼ μῆνας Κυρηναίους ὀπώρη ἐ. occupies or engages them, Hdt.4.199;τὴν πόλιν ἐπεῖχε κλαυθμός Plu.Oth.17
; ὧν τὰς χρόας τὸἡμερινὸν φῶς ἐ.
overspreads,Pl.
R. 508c:κραυγῆς ἐπεχούσης τὴν ἐκκλησίαν D.S.13.87
; : generally, occupy, τὴν κρατίστην μοῖραν ἐ. hold the foremost place, Longin.9.1, cf. 44.12;ὕλης ἐ. τάξιν Stoic.3.27
;τὴν γῆν κέντρου λόγον ἐπέχουσαν D.L.7.155
, cf. Placit.3.Praef.;τὸν τέλειον ἐ. λόγον Gal.19.160
; δίκην ἐπέχειν ἡμᾶς φυτῶν we are like plants, MenoIatr. 6.18.2 abs., prevail, predominate,ἢν μὴ λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος ἐπέχῃ Hdt.2.96
; ; πάντῃ ἐπεῖχε γαλήνη Timo 63; [τῶν νεῶν] ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπεχουσῶν
being spread over..,Th.
1.50;τὴν [τύχην].., ἣ νῦν ἐπέχει D.18.253
;ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων Plb.5.5.6
.b of Time, continue,τὴν θύραν ἐπεῖχε κρούων Ar.Ec. 317
; continuously,Pl.
Tht. 165e;ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας ὁ σεισμὸς ἐπεῖχεν D.C.68.25
; σκότος, νὺξ ἐπέσχε, came on, Plu.Mar.20, Crass.30, etc. -
10 κιχά̄νω
κιχά̄νω Ruijgh-VKr Mnem 22,1969Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `reach, get, hit, meet with' (Il.).Other forms: (ep.), Att. κιγχᾰ́νω, several aorists: a) athemat. ( ἐκίχην), - χεις, ( ἐ)κίχημεν, subj. κιχείω, opt. - χείην, inf. κιχήμεναι, - χῆναι, ptc. κιχείς, - χήμενος; b) themat. 3. sg. ἔκιχεν, 3. pl. ἔκιχον, subj. κίχω, κίχῃσι, inf. κιχεῖν, ptc. κιχών; c) sigmatic κιχήσατο, act. ptc. κιχήσας (B. 5, 148); d) Dor. ἔκιξε = ἤνεγκε (Simm. 26, 7), ἀπέκιξαν (Ar. Ach. 869; Boeot.), κίξαντες ἐλθόντες, πορευθέντες, κίξατο εὗρεν, ἔλαβεν, ἤνεγκεν H.; fut. κιχήσομαιDerivatives: κίχησις ἡ λῆψις H.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [418] *ǵʰeh₁- `leave, abandon'Etymology: From a reduplic. root-present *κί-χη-μι (like τί-θη-μι) in κί-χη-μεν, κι-χή-την a. o. ( ἐκίχεις like ἐτίθεις), which were seen as aorist when the new present κιξάνω arose. Innovations are themat. ἔκιχεν etc. and the sigmatic κιχήσατο with fut. κιχήσομαι (Il.); Dorian created a diff. σ-aorist in ἔκιξε. Als last member of the new systems arose after ἔφθην, φθήσομαι: φθάνω the present κιχάνω; κιγχάνω arose after λαμβάνω etc. Schwyzer 688 w. n. 5, 698; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300; 392; 415; 446. - To *κί-χη-μι from IE. *ǵhi-ǵhē-mi agree but for the redupl. vowel Skt. já-hā-ti `leave, abandon', Av. za-zāi-ti `let go' (cf. e. g. δί-δω-μι beside dá-dā-ti); XX [unknown](aind. Aor. a-hā-t wie ἔ-βη-ν, Fut. hā-sya-ti).XX [unknown] An unredupl. full grade present in the Germanic verb for `go' vor; OHG, OE gān, OIc. gā; on the meaning cf. Skt. midd. jí-hī-te, 3. pl. jí-h- ate `go on, away' (with zero grade). Remote cognates are suggested in χάζομαι, χατέω, χήρα, χώρος; s. vv. Ruijgh en Van Krimpen, Mnemosyne XXII (1969) 113-136 find the meaning `abandon' in Myc. kekemena \/khekhemenā\/ `deserted (land)'. They think that the transition in meaning occurred in the sports, where a runner reaches and leaves = passes another. (LIV2 posits * gʷeh₁-, but there is no indication for a labio-velar.)Page in Frisk: 1,861-862Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κιχά̄νω
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11 θηράω
A , E.Ba. 1215, X.Cyr.1.4.10: [tense] pf. τεθήρᾱκα ib. 2.4.16; Thess. [tense] pf. part.πεφειράκοντες IG9(2).536
:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. θηράσομαι (which, acc. to Moer., is the true [dialect] Att. [tense] fut.) E.Ba. 228, IT 1324: [tense] aor.ἐθηρᾱσάμην S.Ph. 1007
, E.Hipp. 919:—.,[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.- ᾱθήσομαι Gp. 12.9.2
: [tense] aor. ἐθηράθην (v. infr. 111): ([etym.] θήρ, θήρα):—hunt, chase, λαγώς, σφῆκας, X.An.l.c., HG4.2.12, etc.; ; of fishermen, catch, Arist.Fr.76: metaph., catch or capture, , cf.Ph. 1007, X.An.5.1.9: captivate, Id.Mem.2.6.28, 3.11.7; θ. πόλιν seek to destroy it, A.Pers. 233.2 metaph., hunt after a thing, pursue it eagerly, ;θηρᾶν οὐ πρέπει τἀμήχανα Id.Ant.92
; ; ἥμαρτον ἢ θηρῶ τι; have I missed or do I hit the quarry? A.Ag. 1194; τί χρῆμα θηρῶν; E.Supp. 115; reach, attain to, τι Pi.I.4(3).46 (s.v.l.).3 c. inf., seek, endeavour to do,θηρᾷ γαμεῖν με E.Hel.63
; cf. 11.3.4 = ἐκπράσσω 111,θηρήτω δὲ ἁ θοιναρμόστρια IG5(1).1498
(Messenia, ii B.C.).II [voice] Med. like [voice] Act., hunt for, fish for, : abs., οἱ θηρώμενοι hunters, X.Cyn.11.2.2 more freq. metaph., seek after,ἐμέτοισι θηρώμενοι τὴν ὑγιείην Hdt.2.77
; μαστοῖς ἔλεον θ. E.Or. 568;τὴν τῆς σωφροσύνης δόξαν D. 61.21
, etc.; θ. πυρὸς πηγήν find, discover it, A.Pr. 109; expect to derive,τι παρά τινων Phld.Rh.1.263S.
3 c. inf., seek, endeavour,ὅς με θηρᾶται λαβεῖν E.Hel. 545
; .III [voice] Pass., to be hunted, pursued,πρὸς ἄτης θηραθεῖσαι A. Pr. 1072
;ὑπ' ἀνδρῶν E.Ba. 732
;Ἀλκιβιάδης διὰ κάλλος ὑπὸ γυναικῶν θηρώμενος X.Mem.1.2.24
.—Cf. θηρεύω. -
12 ἀμφιβάλλω
I of clothes, etc., put them on a person, c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei,ἀμφὶ δέ με χλαῖναν.. βάλεν ἠδὲ χιτῶνα Od.10.365
, cf. 451;ἀμφὶ δέ μιν ῥάκος.. βάλεν 13.434
: c. dat. pers., ἀμφὶ δέ μοι ῥάκος.. βάλον v.l. in 14.342;ἀμφὶ δ' Ἀθήνη ὤμοις.. βάλ' αἰγίδα Il.18.204
;στολὴν.. ἀμφέβαλλε σῷ κάρᾳ E.HF 465
;γέρας κόμαις Pi.P.5.32
:—[voice] Med., put round oneself,δὸς δὲ ῥάκος ἀμφιβαλέσθαι Od.6.178
, cf. 22.103, etc.;ἄγραν.. ἀ. πλοκάμοις E.Ba. 104
.b metaph. and half metaph., τῷ δ' ἐγὼ ἀμφιβαλὼν θάλαμον δέμον I built chamber over him, Od.23.192;ζυγὸν Ἑλλάδι ἀ. A.Pers.50
, cf. 72; ; ἐξ ὅτου λευκὴν ἐκ μελαίνης ἀμφιβάλλομαι τρίχα since I have put on white hair, S.Ant. 1093;ἀ. νέφος θανάτου Simon.99
.c [voice] Act. in med. sense, κρατερὸν μένος ἀμφιβαλόντες [ἑαυτοῖς] 'girding themselves with strength', Il.17.742; δουλοσύναν ἀμφιβαλοῦσα κάρᾳ [ἐμαυτῆς] E.Andr. 110: reversely, [voice] Med. for [voice] Act., :—[voice] Pass., ὕμνος ἀμφιβάλλεται σοφῶν μητίες σι song is cast (like a net) over the minds of poets, Pi.O.1.8.2 throw the arms round, so as to embrace, c. dat. pers.,ἀμφ' Ὀδυσῆι.. χεῖρε βαλόντε Od.21.223
; ;ἀμφὶ δὲ παιδὶ.. βάλε πήχεε 24.347
; but ἀμφὶ δὲ χεῖρας βάλλομεν, of seizing or taking prisoner, 4.454; also ἀμφὶ δὲ χεῖρα.. βάλεν ἔγχεϊ grasped it, 21.433; ἀμφὶ δὲ.. βάλε γούνασι χεῖρας, as a suppliant, 7.142.3 c. acc. pers., encompass, embrace,ἀμφιβαλόντε ἀλλήλους Il. 23.97
;ἀ. τινὰ χερσί E.Ba. 1363
;ἀ. μαστὸν ὠλέναισι Ph. 306
;ἀ. μέλη Supp.70
.4 encompass, beset,δυσμενὴς ὅρι' ἀμφιβάλλει B.17.6
;πόλιν φόνῳ E.Andr. 799
, cf. Trag.Adesp.127.6(lyr.); ἀ. φῦλον ὀρνίθων surround them with nets, S.Ant. 344; strike or hit on all sides,τινὰ βέλεσι E.HF 422
.b abs., fish (cf. ἀμφίβληστρον), Ev.Marc.1.16, cf. PFlor.2.119.3 (ii A. D.).c metaph.,ἀμφὶ κτύπος οὔατα βάλλει Il.10.535
(unless ἀ. be Adv.).III doubt,περί τινος Plb. 39.5.2
: also folld. by inf., Hld.5.17; by ὡς .. Ael.NA9.33; by ὅτι .. Hermog.Id.2.10;περί τινος Id.Meth.23
.IV intr., ἀ. εἰς τόπον go into another place, E.Cyc.60.2 to be doubtful or in dispute, Arist.EE 1243a12,25; ἀμφιβάλλειν εἴωθε τὰ φίλτρα are uncertain in their action, Alciphr.1.37:—[voice] Pass., to be in dispute, Simp.in Ph.21.11.V [voice] Med., change,μορφήν Opp.C.3.16
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀμφιβάλλω
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13 ἀντιάω
ἀντιάω, Hom. uses [tense] pres. only in the [dialect] Ep. forms ἀντιόω, inf. ἀντιάαν, [ per.] 3pl. imper. ἀντιοώντων, part. ἀντιόων, όωσα, o/wntes; but ἀντιόω, which is [tense] pres. in Il.1.31, 23.643, serves as [tense] fut. in 13.752: [tense] fut. ἀντιάσω [ᾰ] Od.22.28, Thgn.(v.infr.): [tense] aor.Aἠντίᾰσα Hom.
(these two tenses in form belong to ἀντιάζω; but such instances as belong in sense to ἀντιάω are given here):—[voice] Med., oncein Hom. (v.infr.), A.R. 1.470, 2.24: ([etym.] ἀντί, ἀντίος):—[dialect] Ep. Verb:1 c. gen. rei, goin quest of, when an aim or purpose is implied,πολέμοιο μενοίνα ἀντιάαν Il.13.215
;ὄφρα πόνοιο.. ἀντιάσητον 12.3; οὐκέτ' ἀέθλων ἄλλων ἀντιάσεις Od.22.28
, al.: metaph. of an arrow, hit,ἀλλά κεν ἢ στέρνων ἢ νηδύος ἀντιάσειε Il.13.290
:— often of the gods, come (as it were) to meet an offering, and so, in past tenses, to have received, accepted it, ;ἀρνῶν κνίσης αἰγῶν τε τελείων.. ἀντιάσας Il.1.67
; generally, partake of, enjoy,αἲ γὰρ.. ὀνήσιος ἀντιάσειεν Od.21.402
; soἔργων ἀντιάσεις χαλεπῶν Thgn.1308
; : abs., ἀντιάσαις having obtained [his wishes], Pi.I. 6(5).15:—once in [voice] Med.,ἀντιάασθε, θεοί, γάμου Il.24.62
.2 more rarely c. gen. pers., match or measure oneself with, ἡμεῖς δ' εἰμὲν τοῖοι οἲ ἂν σέθεν ἀντιάσαιμεν ib.7.231;δήων ἀντιάσειν Thgn.552
.b rarely, come to aid,οὗ παιδὸς τεθνηότος ἀντιόωσα Od.24.56
.II c. dat. pers., meet with, encounter, as by chance, μηδ' ἀντιάσειας ἐκείνῳ ib.18.147; .2 c. gen., encounter,ψύχεος Emp.65
.III abs. in [tense] aor. part., ἀλλά τιν' ὔμμ' ὀΐω δόμεναι θεὸν ἀντιάσαντα having haply met you, Il.10.551, cf. Od.6.193, 13.312, 17.442.IV c. acc. rei, only in ἐμὸν λέχος ἀντιόωσα, euphem. for sharing it, only in Il.1.31.V approach as a suppliant, supplicate, like ἀντιάζω 1.2, only in later [dialect] Ep., c. gen. pers., A.R.1.703: also c. acc. pers., Id.3.694: c. acc. rei, ib. 717.VI ἀντιόωσα σελήνη dub. in Orph.Fr.168.16. -
14 κότταβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `name of a game coming from Sicily, whereby the player from a cup throws the rest of the wine against a target, to wit either against a slice which is in balance on a bar like a lighter, which falls (soc. κότταβος κατακτός) or against an empty saucer, which swims in a basin with water and sinks when hit (κ. ἐν λεκάνῃ or δι' ὀξυβάφων). However κότταβος indicated not only the game itself, but also several objects and movements used. (Anakr., Pi., trag., com., hell.)Other forms: (ion. - σσ-)Derivatives: κοτταβίς f. `cup with two handles, for throwing' (hell.); κοτταβεῖον (- βιον) `kottabos-basin, -stander' (Dikaiarch., hell.), also `winner's prize at k.' (Com.); κοτταβικη ῥάβδος `k.-bar' (hell.). Denomin. verb κοτταβίζω `play k.' (Ar., Antiph.), euphem. for `vomit' (Poll., EM), also with ἀπο-, κατα-, συν- (X., com.); from there κοττάβισις, ( ἀπο-)κοτταβισμός (late).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As the original meaning of κότταβος is unknown, all etymologies are in the air. In form one compares: κοτ(τ)ίς `head, back of the head', κόττειν τύπτειν H., κόττος `κύβος etc.' (s. vv.). - Studniczka BphW 14, 1299 and K. Schneider P.-W. 11: 2, 1529 understand `provide with a head' referring to the slice ( πλάστιγξ) above on the kottabos-stander. But Mastrelli Boll. di Studi fil. e ling. sic. 5 (1957), Estr. 25ff. starts from κόττος `κύβος, cube', older app. `ἀστράγαλος, swivel'; with κότταβος would be meant the curve of the hand when throwing the cup. The origin would lie in the western Mediterranean (cf. on κοττίς). - Lat. LW [loanword] cottabus `slapping blow' (Plaut.; cf. Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 46ff.). See κότταβος Mastrelli l. c., a. K. Schneider in P.-W. 11: 2, 1528ff. Cf. also on κοτύλη. The ττ\/σσ points to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,932Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κότταβος
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15 στείχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to march in (in order), to march, to rise, to draw, to go' (ep. Ion. poet. Il., also Aeol. prose).Other forms: ( στίχω Hdt. 3, 14; coni. Dind. in S. Ant. 1129 ex H.), aor. 2. στιχεῖν (aor. 1. περί-στειξας δ 277).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, προσ-. As 2. element e.g. in μονό-στιχος `consisting of one verse' (Plu.), e.g. τρί-στοιχος `consisting of three rows' (μ 91), - εί adv. `in three rows' ( 473), μετα-στοιχεί meaning unclear (Ψ 358 a. 757); σύ-στοιχος `belonging to the same row, coordinated, corresponding' (Arist. etc.).Derivatives: From it, prob. as deverbative, but also related to στίχες (Leumann Hom. Wörter 185 f.), στιχάομαι, also w. περι-, συν-, `id.' in 3. pl. ipf. ἐστιχόωντο (Il., Theoc., Nonn.), pres. στιχόωνται (Orph.), act. στιχόωσι, ptc. n. pl. - όωντα (hell. a. late ep.); ὁμοστιχάει 3. sg. pres. `escorted' (Ο 635: *ὁμό-στιχος or for ὁμοῦ στ.?). -- Nouns. A. στίχ-ες pl., gen. sg. στιχ-ός f. `rank(s), file(s)', esp. of soldiers, `battle-array, line of battle' (ep. poet. Il.). -- B. στίχος m. `file, rank', of soldiers, trees, etc., often of words `line' in verse and prose (Att. etc.). στιχ-άς f. `id.' only in dat. pl. στιχάδεσσι ( Epigr.). Dim. - ίδιον (Plu.); - άριον `coat, tightly fitting garment' (pap.). Adj. - ινος, - ικός, - ήρης, - ηρός, adv. - ηδόν (late). Vb - ίζω `to arrange in rows' (LXX; v. l. στοιχ-) with - ιστής. - ισμός (Tz.), περι- στείχω = περιστοιχίζω (s.bel.; A.). -- C. στοῖχος m. `file or column of soldiers, choir members, ships etc., layer of building stones, row of trees, poles etc.' (IA.). From this στοιχ-άς f. `arranged in rows' ( ἐλᾶαι, Sol. ap. Poll. a.o.), - άδες ( νῆσοι) name of a group of islands near Massilia (A. R. a.o.); from this the plantname στοιχάς (Orph., Dsc.) after Strömberg 127 (with Dsc.), with - αδίτης οἶνος `wine spiced with s.' (Dsc.). Cultnames of Zeus resp. Athena: - αῖος (Thera), - αδεύς (Sikyon), - εία (Epid.) referring to the arrangement in phylai. Further adj. - ιαῖος `measuring one row' (Att. inscr.), - ικός (late); adv. - ηδόν (Arist. etc.), - ηδίς (Theognost.) `line by line'. Verbs: 1. στοιχ-έω (because of the meaning hardly deverbative with Schwyzer 720), also w. περι-, συν- a. o., `to form a row, to stand in file and rank, to match, to agree, to be content, to follow' (X., Att. inscr., Arist. hell. a. late); - ούντως `matching, consequent' (Galatia, Aug. time). 2. - ίζω, often w. περι-, also δια-, κατα-, `to arrange in a line, to order' (A. Pr. 484 a. 232, X. a.o.) with - ισμός (Poll.); περι- στείχω `to fence in all around with nets (net-poles), to ensnare' (D., Plb. etc.). -- D. στοιχεῖον, often pl. - εῖα n. `letters in freestanding, alphabetical form' (beside γράμματα `character, script'), also (arisen from this?) `lines, (systematic) dogmas, principles, (physical) element' (Pl., Arist. etc.), `heavenly bodies, elementary spirits, nature demons, magic means' (late a. Byz.); also `shadow-line' as time-measure (Att. com.; cf. σκιὰ ἀντίστοιχος E. Andr. 745) a.o.; prop. "object related to a row, entering a row, forming a part of a whole, member of a row" (on the formation cf. σημεῖον, μνημεῖον, ἐλεγεῖον a.o.); on the development of the meaning which is in many ways unclear Burkert Phil. 103, 167 ff. w. further extensive lit., esp. Diels Elementum (1899). Diff. Lagercrantz (s. Bq); to be rejected. - From it στοιχει-ώδης `belonging to the στοιχεῖα, elementary' (Arist. etc.), of barley `in several rows' as opposed to ἄ-στοιχος πυρός (Thphr.), so either = στοιχ-ώδης or miswritten for it. Denom. verb. στοιχει-όω `to introduce to the principles' (Chrysipp. a.o.), `to equip with magical powers, to charm' (Byz.; cf. Blum Eranos 44, 315ff.) with - ωσις, - ωμα, - ωτής, - ωτικός (Epicur., Phld. a.o.), - ωματικός (Ps.-Ptol.); cf. on this Mugler Dict. géom. 380 f.Etymology: Old inherited group with several representatives also in other idg. languages. The full grade thematic present στείχω agrees exactly to Germ. and Celtic forms, e.g. Goth. steigan ` steigen', OIr. tiagu `stride, go', IE *stéighō. Beside it Skt. has a zero grade nasal present stigh-no-ti `rise'; similar, inmeaning deviant, OCS po-stignǫ `get in, reach, hit' (length of the stemvowel secondary). A deviant meaning is also shown by the full grade yot-present Lit. steig-iù, inf. steĩg-ti `found, raise', also (obsolete) `hurry'; on this Fraenkel s. v. -- Further several nouns, esp. in Germ.: OHG steg m. ` Steg, small bridge', OWNo. stig n. `step' from PGm. * stiga-z, -n, IE * stigh-o-s (= στίχος), - o-m; OE stige -n. `going up, down' (i-stem from older rootnoun = στίχ-ες?). With oi-ablaut Alb. shtek `transit, entrance, road, hair-parting' (= στοῖχος), thus Goth. staiga, OHG steiga f. `mountain-path, road', Latv. staiga f. `course', cf. Lith. adv. staigà `suddenly' (would be Gr. *στοιχή) etc., s. WP. 2, 614 f., Pok. 1017 f., also W.-Hofmann s. vestīgium w. further forms a. lit.Page in Frisk: 2,783-785Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στείχω
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16 καταστοχάζομαι
A aim at,τὸ συμφέρον Alex.
Trall.Febr.6: hence, hit, guess, infer, τι Plb.12.13.4;τὸ μέλλον D.S.19.39
; τινος Ath.9.391b, Procl.in Alc.p.46 C., Phlp.in Ph.640.3: abs., Heph.Astr.3.4:—[voice] Act. is f.l. in Suid. s.v. προφητεία, and dub. cj. for καταστοχέω (q. v.):—[voice] Pass.,τὸ -ασμένον εἰκότως Phld.Rh.1.362
S.; κατεστοχάσθαι, gloss on ἐσκευωρῆσθαι, EM385.15.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταστοχάζομαι
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17 στοχαστικός
A skilful in aiming at, able to hit, c. gen.,τοῦ ἀρίστου Arist.EN 1141b13
; ἀρετὴ τοῦ μέσου ς. ib. 1106b15.b τὸ σ. τῶν φίλων consideration for the wishes of.., M.Ant.1.9.2 proceeding by guesswork, ἡ -κή (sc. τέχνη) Pl.Phlb. 55e;σ. τέχναι Stoic.3.6
, Gal.14.685; σ. ἐπιστῆμαι, opp. πάγιοι, Phld.Rh.1.26,59S.;σ. διάγνωσις Gal.6.365
;ζητήματα Syrian. in Hermog.2.34
R.; sagacious, Pl.Grg. 463a. Adv.,πρὸς τὰ ἔνδοξα -κῶς ἔχειν Arist.Rh. 1355a17
;- κῶς τὸ μέτρον λαμβάνεται Gal. 6.360
;- κῶς ἐξετάσομεν Hermog.Stat.4
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στοχαστικός
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18 χάζω
χάζω,A cause to retire; [voice] Act. only in Hsch. and in compd. ἀναχάζω (alsoπαραχάζω, προχάζω Hsch.
), and in [dialect] Ep. redupl. [tense] aor. κέκᾰδον, [tense] fut. κεκᾰδήσω:—force to retire from, bereave or deprive of,τοὺς.. θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς κεκαδών Il.11.334
;ἀριστῆας κεκαδήσει θυμοῦ καὶ ψυχῆς Od.21.153
, 170.B [voice] Med., [full] χάζομαι, Il.5.34, etc.; imper. χάζεο, χάζευ, ib. 440, Call.Cer.54: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.χάζετο Il.16.736
, 3 du.χαζέσθην A.R.3.1320
: [tense] fut. χάσομαι, [dialect] Ep.χάσσομαι Il.13.153
: [tense] aor. 1 ἐχᾰσάμην, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. χάσσατο ib. 193, inf.χάσσασθαι 12.172
; part.χασσάμενος 13.148
, etc.: κεκάδοντο (for κεχάδοντο) [ per.] 3pl. of redupl. [tense] aor. 2 κεκαδόμην, Il.4.497, 15.574:—give way, draw or shrink back, recoil, freq. in Il. (never in Od.),χάζεο Il.5.440
; ; οὐδ' ὅ γεπάμπαν χάζετ' 12.407
; , al.;αἰὲν ὀπίσσω χάζοντο 5.702
, cf. 18.160, A.R. 1.c., Call. l.c., Nonn.D.48.618.2 c. gen., draw back or retire from,πυλάων χάσσασθαι Il.12.172
;χάζοντο κελεύθου 11.504
;χάζεσθε μάχης 15.426
;μίνυνθα δὲ χάζετο δουρός 11.539
;ὁ δὲ χάσσατ' ὀπίσσω νεκρῶν 13.193
, cf. 17.357; less freq. with a Prep.,χ. ἐκ βελέων 16.122
;χάσσονται ὑπ' ἔγχεος 13.153
; οὐδὲ δὴν χάζετο φωτός nor in truth was he (or it, the stone) far from the man, i.e. nearly hit him, 16.736. Poet., and mainly [dialect] Ep., exc. in the compds. ἀνα-, δια-χάζομαι (qq. vv.).—οὐχ ἅζομαι, οὐχ ἅζεται (not οὐ χάζ-), shd. be written in E.Or. 1116, Alc. 326, A.Eu. 389. -
19 ψαύω
Aψαῦον Il.13.132
; ψαύεσκον ([etym.] ἐπι-) Orph.L. 126: [tense] fut. , etc.: [tense] aor.ἔψαυσα Pi.N.5.42
, etc.: [tense] pf. ἔψαυκα ([etym.] παρ-) S.E.M.7.116:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor.ἐψαύσθην Dsc.2.14
: [tense] pf. ἔψαυσμαι ([etym.] παρ-) Hp.Morb.4.44:—touch, τινος Il.23.519, 806, Hdt.2.47. etc.;ἁπτόμενοι καὶ ψ. ἀλλήλων
in close contact,Plu.
Pyrrh.12: metaph.,μὴ ψαύειν ἀδικίας ὃν τρόπον οὐδὲ πυρός Phld.Rh.2.155S.
: c. dat. instr., ψαῦον.. κόρυθες.. φάλοισι the helmets touched with their φάλοι, Il.13.132, 16.216;τῇ κεφαλῇ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ ψ. Hdt.3.30
;χεροῖν.. ἔψαυσα πηγῆς A.Pers. 202
; : but the dat. is used for the gen. in Pi.P.9.120, Herod.4.75, Q.S.8.349 (cf.θιγγάνω 11.3
, προσψαύω):— ψαύω never takes acc. exc. inαἵματι ψαῦσαι θύρας Ezek.Exag. 158
: in S.Ant. 857, ἔψαυσας ἀλγεινοτάτας ἐμοὶ μερίμνας, πατρὸς τριπόλιστον οἶκτον (v.l. οἶτον) , μερίμνας is gen. sg. and οἶκτον or οἶτον is acc. depending on ἔψαυσας.. μερίμνας, = ἐποίησάς με μεριμνᾶν; and ib. 961, κεῖνος ἐπέγνω μανίαις ψαύων τὸν θεὸν ἐν κερτομίοις γλώσσαις, the construction is ἐπέγνω τὸν θεόν, ψαύων (sc. αὐτοῦ) he learned to know the god, assailing (him): later writers used the [voice] Pass. as if the [voice] Act. had a trans. sense, Dsc. l. c., Plu.2.951d.2 touch lightly. a way of feeling the pulse, opp. θλίβω, Gal.8.808: metaph., touch upon a subject, notice it slightly, Plb.1.13.8:—[voice] Med., c. acc. rei, touch lightly upon a subject, Gal.18(1).331.3 touch as an enemy, lay hands upon, τινος E.IA 1559: abs.,κλάοις ἄν, εἰ ψαύσειας A.Supp. 925
, cf. S.OC 856.6 Math., ἐπίπεδα ψαύοντα tangent planes, Archim.Con.Sph.17.II rarely in [voice] Pass., to be touched, of the star-fish,ἐνδίδωσι τὸ σῶμα καὶ περιορᾷ ψαυόμενον ὑπὸ τῶν παρατρεχόντων Plu.2.978b
, cf. 951d (if the comma be placed before, not after, οὐσίας) ; ὅσοι ὑπὸ τῶν Ἀμινναίων (sc. οἴνων) ψαύονται κεφαλῆς those who are affected in the head.., Dsc. 5.19.—The word is very rare in early Prose, Antipho 3.3.5, X. Mem.1.4.12: freq. later, Plb.1.13.8, al., Plu.2.589f, al. -
20 ἀντιτυγχάνω
A meet with in return,τινός Simon.128
, Thgn.1334;ἀ. ἐπικουρίας ἀπό τινος Th.6.87
; ἀ. μάχας fall into quarrel, Pi.N.7.42; κρείττονος Prov. ap. Plb.15.16.6; ἀ. χοιπάδος hit upon a rock, Opp.H.4.480;πλείστων ἀ. ἀέθλων IG4.682
([place name] Hermione).II ὁ ἀντιτυγχάνων any chance person, GDI1918, al. (Delph.).2 ἁ βωλὰ ἁντιτυχόνσα the council for the time being, IG4.554 ([place name] Argos); οἱ ἔφοροι.. ἀεὶ οἱ ἀντιτυγχάνοντες ib.5(1).1146 (Gythium, i B.C.), cf. 7.3080 (Lebad.), 5(2).266 (Mantinea, i B.C.), Delph.3(1).294 v5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀντιτυγχάνω
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Hit for six — confuse or disturb greatly: The bad news hit him for six ; (from cricket parlance) … Dictionary of Australian slang
hit for six — Australian Slang confuse or disturb greatly: The bad news hit him for six ; (from cricket parlance) … English dialects glossary
hit for six — Vrb phrs. To deal a severe blow, to vanquish, to affect someone severely. From the game of cricket and imagery associated with it. Informal Cf. knock for six … English slang and colloquialisms