εὐθείας

εὐθεί̱ᾱς, εὐθεῖα

fem acc pl

εὐθεί̱ᾱς, εὐθεῖα

fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

εὐθείᾱς, εὐθύς 1

straight: fem acc pl

εὐθείᾱς, εὐθύς 1

straight: fem gen sg (doric aeolic)

εὐθεί̱ᾱς, εὐθεῖα

fem acc pl

εὐθεί̱ᾱς, εὐθεῖα

fem gen sg (attic doric aeolic)

εὐθείᾱς, εὐθύς 1

straight: fem acc pl

εὐθείᾱς, εὐθύς 1

straight: fem gen sg (doric aeolic)

εὐθύς, εῖα, ύ, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] ἰθύς (q.v.: so always in Hom.and Hdt.),

A straight, direct, whether vertically or horizontally, opp. σκολιός, καμπύλος, Pl.Tht. 194b, R. 602c, etc.; κατὰ τὸ εὐθὺ ἑστάναι stands still with reference to the vertical, of a spinning top, ib. 436e; εὐ. πλόος, ὁδοί, Pi.O.6.103, N.1.25, etc.;

εὐθυτέρα ὁδός X.Cyr.1.3.4

;

ὁδοὺς εὐθείας ἔτεμε Th.2.100

;

ῥόμβος ἀκόντων Pi.O.13.93

; εὐθείᾳ (sc. ὁδῷ) by the straight road, Pl.Lg. 716a;

εὐθεῖαν ἕρπε A.Fr. 195

; τὴν εὐ. E.Med. 384;

ἐπ' εὐθείας D.S.19.38

, Ascl.Tact.2.6, Plot.2.1.8; so also

εἰς τὸ εὐ.βλέπειν X.Eq.7.17

, etc.; πλήρης τοῦ εὐθέος tired of going straight forward, ib.14; ἡ ἐς τὸ εὐ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς ὁδός the direct road to.., Luc.Rh.Pr. 10; κατ' εὐθύ on level ground, LXX 3 Ki.21.23; but ἡ κατ' εὐ. τάσις in the direct line, Apollon.Cit.2; on the same side, Gal.8.62; also, opp. εἰς τὸ ἐντός, Plot.6.7.14.

2 in moral sense, straightforward, frank, of persons,

εὐθὺν χρὴ τὸν ἑταῖρον ἔμμεν καὶ μὴ σκολιὰ φρονεῖν Scol. 16

;

κοινᾶνι παρ' εὐθυτάτῳ Pi.P.3.28

;

ῥῆτραι Tyrt.4.6

;

τόλμα Pi.O. 13.12

;

δίκα Id.N.10.12

;

κρῖνε δ' εὐθεῖαν δίκην A.Eu. 433

, cf.

Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. 1911.134

([place name] Gonni);

ὁ εὐθὺς λόγος E.Hipp. 492

;

τὸ εὐ. τε καὶ τὸ ἐλεύθερον Pl.Tht. 173a

; ἀπὸ τοῦ εὐθέος λέγειν to speak straight out, Th.3.43; ἐκ τοῦ εὐ. ὑπουργεῖν outright, openly, without reserve, Id.1.34; ἐκ τοῦ εὐ., opp. δι' αἰνιγμάτων, Paus.8.8.3: in fem.,

τὴν εὐθεῖάν τινι συνειπεῖν Plu.Cic.7

;

ἁπλῶς καὶ δι' εὐθείας Id.2.408e

; ἀπ' εὐθείας ib.57a, Fab.3; κατ' εὐθεῖαν by direct reasoning, Dam.Pr. 432; μηδὲν ἐξ εὐθείας παρέχει (an amulet) does no good directly, Sor.2.42.

3 εὐθεῖα, ἡ, as Subst.,

a (sc. γραμμή) straight line, Arist.APr. 49b35, al., Euc. 1 Def.7, al.; ἐπ' εὐθείας εἶναι lie in a straight line, Archim.Con.Sph.7, al.; ἐπὶ τὴν αὐτὴν εὐ., ἐπὶ τῆς αὐτῆς εὐ. ἐκτείνειν, in the same line, Plb. 3.113.2,3; ἐπὶ μίαν εὐ. ib.8: [comp] Comp.,

εὐθυτέρα ἡ γραμμὴ γίνεται Arist. Mech. 855a24

.

b (sc. πτῶσις) nominative case, D.T.636.5, A.D. Pron.6.11, etc.; κατ' εὐθύ in the nominative, Arist.SE 182a3.

B as Adv., [full] εὐθύς and [full] εὐθύ, the former prop. of Time, the latter of Place, Phryn.119, etc.

I [full] εὐθύ, of Place, straight, usu. of motion or direction,

εὐθὺ Πύλονδε

straight to..,

h.Merc.342

;

εὐθὺ πρὸς τὰ νυμφικὰ λέχη S.OT 1242

; εὐ. [τὴν ἐπὶ] Βαβυλῶνος straight towards.., X.Cyr.5.2.37: and so c. gen., εὐ. τῶν κυρηβίων, εὐθὺ Πελλήνης, Ar.Eq. 254, Av. 1421;

εὐ.τοῦ Διός Id. Pax68

;

εὐ. τοὐρόφου Eup.47

;

εὐ. τῆς σωτηρίας Ar. Pax 301

, cf. Th.8.88, etc.; ἀποθανούμενος ᾔει εὐ. τοῦ δαιμονίου in opposition to.., Pl.Thg. 129a (s.v.l.); cf. ἰθύς.

b νῆσον οἰκεῖ εὐθὺ Ἴστρου opposite.., Max.Tyr.15.7.

2 = ἁπλῶς, simply,

καλεῖν Thphr.HP3.8.2

, cf. 9.13.2.

3 rarely of Time, Philoch.144, Arist.Rh. 1414b25, UPZ77.27 (ii B.C.), PGrenf.1.1.24 (ii B.C.), Aristeas 24, Luc.Nav.22.

II [full] εὐθύς,

1 of Time, straightway, forthwith, Pi.O.8.41;

ὁ δ' εὐ. ὡς ἤκουσε A.Pers. 361

;

ὁ δ' εὐ. ἐξῴμωξεν S.Aj. 317

;

τὸ μὲν εὐ. τὸ δὲ καὶ διανοούμενον Th.1.1

, cf. 5.3, 7.77; joined with other adverbial words,

τάχα δ' εὐ. ἰών Pi.P.4.83

;

εὐ. κατὰ τάχος Th.6.101

; εὐ. παραχρῆμα (v. sub παραχρῆμα)

; εὐ. ἀπ' αρχῆς Ar. Pax84

(anap.);

εὐ. ἐξ ἀρχῆς X.Cyr.7.2.16

; ἐξ ἀρχῆς εὐ. Arist.Pol. 1287b10;

εὐ. κατ' ἀρχάς Pl.Ti. 24b

;

ἀφ' ἑσπέρας εὐ. ἤδη Luc. Gall.1

; εὐ. ἐκ νέου, ἐκ παιδός, even from one's youth, Pl.R. 485d, 519a;

εὐ. ἐκ παιδίου X.Cyr.1.6.20

: with a part.,

εὐ. νέοι ὄντες Th.2.39

;

εὐ. ἥκων X.An.4.7.2

;

εὐ. ἀπεκτονώς D.23.127

; τοῦ θέρους εὐ. ἀρχομένου just at the beginning of summer, Th.2.47; ἀρξάμενος εὐ. καθισταμένου [τοῦ πολέμου] from the very beginning of the war, Id.1.1; εὐ. ἀποβεβηκότι immediately on disembarking, Id.4.43; εὐ. γενομένοις at the moment of birth, Pl.Tht. 186b: metaph., at once, naturally, ὑπάρχει εὐθὺς γένη ἔχον τὸ ὄν Being falls at once into genera, Arist. Metaph. 1004a5, cf.Po. 1452a14: with Subst.,

ἡ τῶν Ἰταλιωτῶν εὐθὺς φυγή Hdn.8.1.5

.

2 less freq. in a local relation, ὑπὲρ τῆς πόλεως εὐ. just above the city, Th.6.96; παρ' αὐτὴν εὐ. ὁ ἔσπλους ἐστίν directly past it (the mole), Id.8.90; ἐγγύτατα τούτου εὐ. ἐχομένη immediately adjoining this, ibid., cf. Theoc.25.23; εὐ. ἐπὶ τὴν γέφυραν Foed. ap. Th.4.118, cf. X.Cyr.7.2.1,2, 2.4.24, Ages.1.29; τὴν εὐ. Ἄργους κἀπιδαυρίας ὁδόν the road leading straight to Argos, E.Hipp. 1197 (condemned by Phot.);

εὐ. Λυκείου Pherecr.110

, cf. Arist.HA 498a32, etc.

3 of Manner, directly, simply, v.l. in Pl.Men. 100a.

4 like αὐτίκα 11: for instance, to take the first example that occurs,

ὥσπερ ζῷον εὐθύς Arist.Pol. 1277a6

, cf. Cael. 284b10, etc.;

οἷον εὐθύς Cleom. 1.1

, D.Chr.11.145.

C regul. Adv. [full] εὐθέως, used just as εὐθύς, S.Aj.31, OC 994, E. Fr.31, Pl.Phd. 63a, etc.; αἰσθόμενος εὐθέως as soon as he perceived, Lys.3.11;

ἐπεὶ εὐθέως ᾔσθοντο X.HG3.2.4

;

εὐθέως παραχρῆμα Antipho 1.20

, D.52.6.

2 = εὐθύς B. 11.4, οἷον εὐθέως as for example, Plb.6.52.1,12.5.6 (dub. sens. in Hp.Art.55); so εὐ. alone, Ph.2.589. ( εὐθέως is the commoner form in later Greek, PCair.Zen.34.17 (iii B.C.), etc.)

εὐθύς, εῖα, ύ gen. έως (Pind. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 8, 11 C; ApcMos 17) ‘straight’.

① pert. to being in a straight or direct line, straight, lit., of a way (Thu. 2, 100, 2; Arrian, Anab. 3, 4, 5; Vi. Aesopi W 4 P. εὐθεῖα ὁδός; TestSol 8:11 C; Philo, Deus Imm. 61 [metaph.]; Jos., Ant. 19, 103) εὐθείας ποιεῖν τὰς τρίβους make the paths straight (and thus even) Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4 (all 3 Is 40:3; cp. Diod S 14, 116, 9 εὐθείας ποιῆσαι τὰς ὁδούς; Carmina Pop. 851 PMG [47 Diehl] εὐρυχωρίαν ποιεῖτε τῷ θεῷ). τὴν ὁδὸν τὴν εὐθεῖαν τιθέναι take the straight road 2 Cl 7:3. As the name of a street ἡ ῥύμη ἡ καλουμένη Εὐθεῖα the street called ‘Straight (Street)’ Ac 9:11. ἡ εὐθεῖα w. ὁδός to be supplied (so in earlier Gk., e.g. Pla., Leg. 4, 716a; also Sallust. 7 p. 14, 5; Ps 142:10 v.l.) Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4).

② proper, right, fig. extension of mng. 1 (since Pind., Trag., Thu.)

ⓐ of a way in fig. sense (Tob 4:19 BA; Ps 106:7; Pr 20:11 al.) αἱ ὁδοὶ τ. κυρίου αἱ εὐ. Ac 13:10 (cp. Hos 14:10; Sir 39:24). καταλείποντες εὐ. ὁδόν forsaking the straight way (=teaching) 2 Pt 2:15 (cp. Pr 2:13).

ⓑ of the καρδία: right, upright (Ps 7:11; 10:2 al.) ἔναντι τοῦ θεοῦ before God Ac 8:21. Also εὐ. μετʼ αὐτοῦ 1 Cl 15:4 (Ps 77:37).—DELG. M-M.

εὐθύς adv. (developed fr. the nom. masc. sg. of εὐθύς)

① immediately, at once (so Pind.; Thu. 2, 93, 4 +; Epict.; pap [Mayser 244; also POxy 744, 7 [1 B.C.]; PRyl 234, 4]; LXX; TestSol 18:5, 37; TestAbr [παρʼ εὐθύς A 19 p. 102, 20/Stone p. 52]; Test12Patr; ParJer 5:20; Philo; Jos., Ant. 11, 236 al.; Just.; s. Phryn. 144f Lob.; WSchmid, D. Atticismus I 1887, 121; 266; II 1889, 113; in the mss. and edd., esp. t.r., freq. the form εὐθέως, q.v.) Mt 3:16; 13:20f; 14:27; 21:3 (but εὐθέως vs. 2); oft. in Mk e.g. 1:10, 12 (on the originality of the word, not the form, in Mk s. JWeiss, ZNW 11, 1910, 124–33); Lk 6:49; J 13:30, 32; 19:34; Ac 10:16; ISm 3:2; Hv 3, 13, 2; 5:2, 4; m 5, 1, 3; 11:12; Hs 7:4.

② For the inferential use, weakened to then, so then e.g. in Mk 1:21, 23, 29 s. Mlt-H. 446f.—PVannutelli, Synoptica 1, ’38, cxiv–cxxvi; GRudberg, ConNeot 9, ’44, 42–46. Mlt-Turner 229. S. on εὐθέως. DDaube, The Sudden in the Scriptures ’64, 46–72; LRydbeck, 167–176, 184.—M-M. EDNT. TW.

⁺ P 218-201-401-181-426=1427 Gn 4,1; 24,62; 26,8; 30, 35; 32,17

[τινα]: thanks to, with the aid of, on the account of Gn 12,13

[τι]: on the account of, because of, by reason of, for Gn 7,7; out of, because of (with words denoting emotions) 2 Mc 5,21; because Gn 39,9

διὰ τί wherefore? Ex 2,13; διὰ τοῦτο therefore, on this account Gn 10,9

[τινος]: through, throughout (of time) 1 Mc 12,27; after 4 Mc 13,21; through (the agency of) (personal agent) Gn 4,1; by (originator of an action) 1 Ezr 6,13

δι᾽ αἰῶνος for ever Dt 5,29; δι᾽ εὐθείας by a straight path Is 59,14; διὰ κενῆς idly Ps 30(31),7; διὰ μέσου τινός through the midst of Jdt 11,19; δι᾽ ὀλίγων in a few words 2 Mc 6,17; δι᾽ ὅλου entirely Ez 38,8; διὰ παντός continually Ex 27,20; διὰ τάχους quickly Ps 6,11; διὰ τέλους continually Is 62,6; διὰ χειρός τινος by the hand of 1 Kgs 10,13

Cf. SOLLAMO 1979 9.169-170.172-173.198-200.202.208-209.225.230-232.238.242.255-256. 260.337-

338; →NIDNTT; TWNT

⁺ V 13-31-19-20-43=126 Gn 19,19; 31,23.25; 44,4; Ex 15,9

A: to take, lay hold of [τι] Jgs 7,24; to take, to overtake [τινα] (of God) Jb 5,13; to overtake, to befall [τινα] (of evil) Gn 19,19; to overtake [τινα] (often after a pursuit) Gn 31,23; to reach [τινα] (of men reaching God) Mi 6,6; to overtake, to take hold of [τινα] (of sin; metaph.) Ps 39(40),13; to lay hold of, to come over, to overtake [τινα] (of feelings; metaph.) Ps 68(69),25; to take prisoner [τινα] 2 Chr 25,23; to take, to capture [τι] (of city) 2 Sm 12,26

to comprehend, to understand [τι] Jb 34,24, cpr. Dn^LXX 1,20

to find sb doing [τινα +pred.] 1 Ezr 6,8; to detect, to catch in the act of doing (esp. of the detection of adultery) [τινα] Sus^LXX 58, see also Jer 3,8 (double transl. of the Hebr.)

M: to seize, to lay hold on [τι] Prv 1,13; to overtake, to take hold of [τινα] (of sin) Jdt 11,11; to take, to capture [τι] (of city) Nm 21,32; to occupy, to keep [τι] 1 Mc 11,46

P: to be taken, to be stolen Ex 22,3; to be apprehended, to be taken hold of Prv 2,19; to be detected Ob 6;

to be convicted Jer 3,8

κατέλαβον τὸν Μανασση ἐν δεσμοῖς they took Manasseh in bonds, they captured Manasseh 2 Chr 33,11; τοῦ φιλίαν καταλαβέσθαι τοῖς Ιουδαίοις to form friendship with the Jews 1 Mc 10,23; καταλάβωσιν τρίβους εὐθείας they comprehend, they understand the paths of life Prv 2,19; κατειλημμένη ἐν ἀγῶνι θανάτου seized by the agony of death Est 4,17k; καταλήμψεται ὁ ἀλοητὸς τὸν τρύγητον the threshingtime shall over-take the vintage Lv 26,5; οἳ κατελάβοσαν τοὺς πατέρας ὑμῶν who convicted your fathers Zech 1,6 *2 Chr 9,20 χρυσίῳ κατειλημμένα with gold, stolen? corr.? χρυσίῳ κατακεκλεισμένα for MT סגור זהב covered with gold, of pure gold, cpr. 1 Kgs 6,20; *Jer 28(51),34 κατέλαβέν με he came upon me-יגנישׂי? for MT יציגני he put me away

Cf. MARGOLIS, M. 1906a=1972 77; →LSJ Suppl (2 Chr 9,20)

εὐθῠ-ορον· τόπος ἐπ' εὐθείας ἔχων τὸν ὅρον, EM391.48, Phot.

κατά [(A)][ κᾰτᾰ], poet. καταί acc. to A.D.Synt.309.28, found in Compds., as καταιβάτης: Prep. with gen. or acc.:—

A downwards.

A WITH GEN.,

I denoting motion from above, down from, βῆ δὲ κατ' Οὐλύμποιο καρήνων, κατ' Ἰδαίων ὀρέων, βαλέειν κ. πέτρης, Il. 22.187, 16.677, Od.14.399;

κατ' οὐρανοῦ εἰλήλουθας Il.6.128

; καθ' ἵππων ἀΐξαντε ib. 232;

δάκρυα.. κ. βλεφάρων Χαμάδις ῥέε 17.438

;

ἵεις σαυτὸν κ. τοῦ τείχους Ar.V. 355

;

ἁλόμενοι κ. τῆς πέτρας X.An.4.2.17

;

κ. τῶν πετρῶν ὦσαι Pl.Phdr. 229c

;

κ. κρημνῶν ῥιφέντες Id.Lg. 944a

:— for κατ' ἄκρης v. ἄκρα:

Μοῖσα κ. στόματος Χέε νέκταρ Theoc.7.82

(but perh. in sense 11.1).

II denoting downward motion,

1 down upon or over,

κ. Χθονὸς ὄμματα πήξας Il.3.217

; of the dying, κατὰ.. ὀφθαλμῶν κέχυτ' ἀχλύς a cloud settled upon the eyes, 5.696, cf. 20.321;

τὸν δὲ κατ' ὀφθαλμῶν.. νὺξ ἐκάλυψεν 13.580

; φᾶρος κὰκ κεφαλῆς εἴρυσσε down over.., Od.8.85; [ κόπρος]

κ. σπείους κέχυτο.. πολλή 9.330

; ὕδωρ κ. Χειρός, v. Χείρ; μύρον κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς καταχέαντες Pl.R. 398a;

νάρκη μου κ. τῆς Χειρὸς καταχεῖται Ar.V. 713

;

κ. τῆς τραπέζης καταπάσας τέφραν Id.Nu. 177

; ξαίνειν κ. τοῦ νώτου πολλὰς [ πληγάς] D.19.197;

ἐσκεδασμένοι κ. τῆς Χώρας Plb.1.17.10

;

οἱ κ. νώτου πονοῦντες Id.3.19.7

;

ῥόπαλον ἤλασα κὰκ κεφαλῆς Theoc.25.256

; κ. κόρρης παίειν, = ἐπὶ κόρρης, Luc.Cat.12, al.

b Geom., along, upon, πίπτειν κατ' [ εὐθείας] Archim.Sph.Cyl.1 Def.2; αἱ γωνίαι κ. κύκλων περιφερειῶν ἐνεχθήσονται will move on.., ib.1.23, al., cf. Aristarch.Sam.1.

2 down into,

νέκταρ στάξε κ. ῥινῶν Il.19.39

; of a dart,

κ. γαίης ᾤχετο 13.504

, etc.;

ἔθηκε κατ' ὄχθης μείλινον ἔγχος 21.172

;

ψυχὴ κ. Χθονὸς ᾤχετο 23.100

; κ. γᾶς underground, Pi.O.2.59; κατ' ὕδατος under water, Hdt.2.149; [ ποταμὸς]

δὺς κ. τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd.

113c, cf. Ti. 25d;

κ. γῆς σύμεναι A.Eu. 1007

(anap.); κ. Χθονὸς κρύψαι to bury. S.Ant.24; ὁ κ. γῆς one dead and buried, X.Cyr.4.6.5;

οἱ κ. Χθονὸς θεοί A.Pers. 689

, etc.;

θεοὶ<οἱ> κ. γᾶς Id.Ch. 475

(lyr.), etc.; so κ. θαλάσσης ἀφανίζεσθαι, καταδεδυκέναι, Hdt.7.6, 235; also βᾶτε κατ' ἀντιθύρων go down by or through.., S.El. 1433.

3 later, towards a point, τοξεύειν κ. σκοποῦ to shoot at, Hdn.6.7.8;

κατ' ἰχνῶν τινος ὁδεύειν Luc.Rh.Pr.9

.

4 of vows or oaths, by,

καθ' ἡμῶν ὀμνύναι D.29.26

, cf. 54.38;

ἐπιορκήσασα κ. τῶν παίδων Lys.32.13

; esp. of the victims, etc., over which the oath is taken, ὀμνυόντων τὸν ἐπιχώριον ὅρκον καθ' ἱερῶν τελείων Foed. ap. Th.5.47, cf. Arist.Ath.29.5, Foed.Delph.Pell.1A9, etc.;

κ. τῶν νικητηρίων εὐξάμενοι D.Ep.1.16

; also κατ' ἐξωλείας ὀμνύναι to imprecate destruction on oneself, Id.21.119;

κατ' ἐξ. ἐπιορκεῖν Id.57.22

.

b to make a vow towards, i.e. make a vow of offering..,

κ. Χιλίων εὐχὴν ποιήσασθαι Χιμάρων Ar. Eq. 660

.

5 in hostile sense, against, A.Ch. 221, S.Aj. 304, etc.;

κ. πάντων φύεσθαι D.18.19

; esp. of judges giving sentence against a person, A.Th. 198, S.Aj. 449, etc.;

ψεύδεσθαι κατά τινος Lys.22.7

;

λέγειν κατά τινος κακά S.Ph.65

, cf. X.HG1.5.2, etc.; of speeches, [ λόγος] κ. Μειδίου, etc. (opp. πρὸς Λεπτίνην, in reply to L.);

δῶρα εἰληφέναι κατά τινος Din.3.6

, cf. 18.

6 of Time, for,

μισθοῦν κ. εἴκοσι ἐτῶν IG12.94.37

; κ. βίου for life, Tab.Heracl.1.50;

κὰπ παντὸς Χρόνοι IG9(2).517.20

([place name] Larissa ) (but

κ. παντὸς τοῦ Χρόνου σκέψασθε D. 22.72

falls under 7);

κ. παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος ἀείμνηστον Lycurg.7

.

7 in respect of, concerning,

μὴ κατ' ἀνθρώπων σκόπει μόνον τοῦτο Pl. Phd. 70d

;

κ. τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν τοιαῦτα εὑρήσομεν Id.Sph. 253b

; οἱ κ. Δημοσθένους ἔπαινοι praises bestowed on D., Aeschin.3.50; ἐρεῖν or λέγειν κατά τινος to say of one, Pl.Ap. 37b, Prt. 323b, etc.;

εἰ κ. θηλείας φαίης A.D.Synt.198.10

;

εἴπερ ἕν γέ τι ζητεῖς κ. πάντων Pl.Men. 73d

, cf. 74b;

ὅπερ εἴρηται καθόλου κ. πασῶν τῶν πολιτειῶν Arist.Pol. 1307b2

; freq. in the Logic of Arist., κατά τινος λέγεσθαι or κατηγορεῖσθαι to be predicated of.., Int.16b10, Cat. 1b10, etc.; καταφῆσαί (or ἀποφῆσαί) τι κατά τινος to affirm (or deny) of.., Metaph. 1007b21; so

κ. τινὸς ὑπάρχειν Int. 16b13

: and in Adv. καθόλου (q.v.).

B WITH Acc.,

I of motion downwards, κ. ῥόον down stream, Od.14.254, Il.12.33; opp. ἀνὰ τὸν ποταμόν, Hdt.2.96; κ. τὸν ποταμόν, κ. τὸ ὑδάτιον, Id.1.194, Pl.Phdr. 229a; κατ' οὖρον ἰέναι, ῥεῖν, down (i.e. with) the wind, A.Th. 690, S.Tr. 468; κ. πνεῦμα, κατ' ἄνεμον ἵστασθαι to leeward, Arist.HA 535a19, 560b13, Dsc.4.153.

2 with or without signf. of motion, on, over, throughout a space, freq. in Hom.,

καθ' Ἑλλάδα καὶ μέσον Ἄργος Od.1.344

; κατ' Ἀχαΐδα, κ. Τροίην, Il.11.770, 9.329;

κατ' ἠερόεντα κέλευθα Od.20.64

; κ. πόντον, κῦμα, ὕλην, Il.4.276, 6.136, 3.151;

κ. πτόλιν Od.2.383

; κ. ἄστυ, οἶκον, Il.18.286, 6.56; κ. ὅμιλον, στρατόν, 3.36, 1.229; κ. κλισίας τε νέας τε ib. 487;

πόλεμον κάτα δακρυόεντα 17.512

; κ. ὑσμίνην, μόθον, κλόνον, 5.84, 18.159, 16.331;

τὸ ὕδωρ κ. τοὺς ταφροὺς ἐχώρει X.Cyr.7.5.16

, etc. (in later Gr.of motion to a place,

κ. τὴν Ἰταλίαν Zos.3.1

);

καθ' Ἑλλάδα A.Ag. 578

;

κ. πτόλιν Id.Th.6

;

αἱ σκηναὶ αἱ κ. τὴν ἀγοράν D.18.169

;

τὰ κατ' ἀγροὺς Διονύσια Aeschin.1.157

, etc.;

κ. τὸ προάστιον Hdt.3.54

;

τύμβον κατ' αὐτόν A. Th. 528

, cf. Supp. 869 (lyr.): Geom., at a point, Euc.1.1,al.; τέμνειν [ σφαῖραν] κ. κύκλον in a circle, Archim.Aren.1.17; also, in the region of,

οἱ κ. τὸν ἥλιον γινόμενοι ἀστέρες Gem.12.7

: freq. in Hom. in describing the place of a wound, βαλεῖν κ. στῆθος, γαστέρα, etc., Il.11.108, 16.465, al.;

νύξε κ. δεξιὸν ὦμον 5.46

;

οὔτασε κατ' ἰσχίον 11.339

; so βαλεῖν κατ' ἀσπίδα, κ. ζωστῆρα, 5.537, 615; βέλος κ. καίριον ἦλθεν struck upon a vital part, v.l. in 11.439: metaph.,

ἄχος κ. φρένα τύψε 19.125

: generally, κ. φρένα καὶ κατὰ θυμόν in heart and soul, 4.163, al.

3 opposite, over against,

κ. Σινώπην πόλιν Hdt.1.76

, cf. 2.148, Th.2.30, etc.;

ἀνὴρ κατ' ἄνδρα A.Th. 505

;

μολὼν.. μοι κ. στόμα Id.Ch. 573

;

κατ' ὀφθαλμούς τινος LXX 2 Ki.12.11

;

οἱ μὲν Ἀθηναῖοι κ. Λακεδαιμονίους ἐγένοντο X.HG4.2.18

; κατ' Ἀχαιοὺς ἀντετάχθησαν ibid.;

ἐν συμποσίῳ.., περίμενε, μέχρις ἂν γένηται κατὰ σέ Epict.Ench. 15

, cf. D.L.7.108.

II distributively, of a whole divided into parts, κρῖν' ἄνδρας κ. φῦλα, κ. φρήτρας by tribes, by clans, Il.2.362; κ. σφέας μαχέονται by themselves, separately, ib. 366, cf. Th.4.64;

ἐσκήνουν κ. τάξεις X.Cyr.2.1.25

;

αὐτὴ καθ' αὑτήν A.Pr. 1013

; κ. κώμας κατοικημένοι in separate villages, Hdt.1.96; κατ' ἑωυτοὺς ἕκαστοι ἐτράποντο each to his own home, Id.5.15; κ. πόλεις ἀποπλεῦσαι, διαλυθῆναι, Th.1.89, 3.1:

στρατιὰ κ. ἕνδεκα μέρη κεκοσμημένη Pl.Phdr. 247a

; later

οἱ κατ' ἄνδρα λόγοι PLond.2.259.72

(i A. D.), cf. D.Chr.32.6, etc.;

ἡ κατ' οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή PLond.3.904.20

(ii A.D.), etc.; κατ' ἔπος word by word, Ar.Ra. 802; κατ' ὄνομα individually, 3 Ep.Jo.15, etc.; παῖδα κ. κρήνην at each fount a boy, Lyr.Alex.Adesp.37.13, cf. POxy 2108.9 (iii A.D.).

2 of Time, καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, day by day, daily, v. ἡμέρα 111; καθ' ἑνιαυτόν, κατ' ἔτος, Test.Epict.6.24, Ev.Luc.2.41, etc.;

κ. μῆνα POxy.275.18

(i A.D.).

3 of Numbers, by so many at a time, καθ' ἕνα one at a time, individually, Hdt.7.104 (later

τὸ καθ' ἕν

detailed list,

PTeb.47.34

(ii B.C.), etc.); κ. μίαν τε καὶ δύο by ones and twos, Hdt.4.113;

δύο μνέαι τεταγμέναι κατ' ἄνδρα αἰχμάλωτον ἕκαστον Id.6.79

;

ἐκ τῶν συμμάχων ἐξελέγετο κατ' ὀλίγους Id.8.113

; κ. τὰς πέντε καὶ εἴκοσι μνᾶς πεντακοσίας δραχμὰς εἰσφέρειν to pay 500 drachmae on every 25 minae, D.27.7;

κ. διακοσίας καὶ τριακοσίας ὁμοῦ τι τάλαντον διακεχρημένον

in separate sums of

200

and 300 drachmae, Id.27.11; of ships, κ. μίαν (sc. ναῦν) in column, Th.2.90;

κ. μίαν ναῦν ἐπιτάττειν Plb.1.26.12

, cf. Th.2.84: Geom., μετρεῖν, μετρεισθαι κατά.. , measure, be measured a certain number of times, Euc.7 Def.8,9,al.; μετρεῖν κ. τὰς ἐν τῷ Β μονάδας as many times as there are units in B, Id.7.16.

III of direction towards an object or purpose, πλεῖν κ. πρῆξιν on a business, for or after a matter, Od. 3.72, 9.253; πλάζεσθαι κ. ληΐδα to rove in search of booty, 3.106; κ.

ληΐην ἐκπλῶσαι Hdt.2.152

;

ἔβη κ. δαῖτα Il.1.424

;

ἐπιδημεῖν κατ' ἐμπορίαν IG22.141.32

, cf. Arist.Ath.11.1; κ. Χρέος τινὸς ἐλθεῖν come to seek his help, consult him, Od.11.479, etc.;

ἵεται κ. τὴν φωνήν Hdt.2.70

; κ. θέαν ἥκειν to have come for the purpose of seeing, Th.6.31;

κ. πλοῦν ἤδη ὤν Id.7.31

;

καθ' ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι X.An.3.5.2

; κ. τί; for what purpose? why? Ar.Nu. 239.

2 of pursuit,

κ. πόδας τινὸς ἐλαύνειν Hdt.9.89

; simply κ. τινά after him, Id.1.84;

ἰέναι κ. τοὺς ἄλλους Id.9.53

; κατ' ἴχνος on the track, S.Aj.32, A.Ag. 695 (lyr.);

ὥσπερ κατ' ἴχνη κ. τὰ νῦν εἰρημένα ζῆν Pl.Phd. 115b

.

3 Geom., in adverbial phrases, κ. κάθετον in the same vertical line, Archim. Quadr.6; κατ' εὐθεῖάν τινι in the same straight line with.., Papp. 58.7.

IV of fitness or conformity, in accordance with,

κ. θυμόν Il.1.136

; καθ' ἡμέτερον νόον after our liking, 9.108;

κ. νόον πρήξωμεν Hdt.4.97

; κ. μοῖραν as is meet and right, Il.1.286; κατ' αἶσαν, κ. κόσμον, 10.445, 472;

κ. νόμον Hes.Th. 417

;

κὰν νόμον Pi.O.8.78

;

κ. τοὺς νόμους IG22.1227.15

; αἰτίαν καθ' ἥντινα for what cause, A.Pr. 228; κατ' ἔχθραν, κ. φθόνον, for (i.e. because of) hatred, envy, Id.Supp. 336, Eu. 686; καθ' ἡδονήν τι δρᾶν, ποιεῖν, do as one pleases, Th. 2.37,53;

κ. τὸ ἔχθος τὸ Θεσσαλῶν Hdt.8.30

, cf. 9.38; κ. φιλίαν, κατ' ἔχθος, Th.1.60, 103, etc.; κατ' ἄλλο μὲν οὐδέν, ὅτι δέ.. for no other reason but that.., Pl.Phdr. 229d; κ. δύναμιν to the best of one's power, Hdt.3.142, etc. ( κὰδ δ. Hes.Op. 336); κ. τρόπον διοικεῖν arrange suitably, Isoc.2.6,al.; κατ' εὐνοίην with goodwill, Hdt.6.108;

κ. τὰ παρηγγελμένα X.An.2.2.8

, etc.; in quotations, according to,

κατ' Αἰσχύλον Ar.Th. 134

;

κ. Πίνδαρον Pl.Phdr. 227b

, etc.

2 in relation to, concerning, τὰ κατ' ἀνθρώπους = τὰ ἀνθρώπινα, A.Eu. 930, 310;

τὰ κ. τὸν Τέλλον Hdt.1.31

; τὰ κ. τὴν Κύρου τελευτήν ib. 214; τὰ κ. πόλεμον military matters, Aeschin.1.181; αἱ κ. τὴν πόλιν οἰκονομίαι (opp. αἱ πολεμικαὶ πράξεις ) the management of public affairs, Din. 1.97;

τὰ κ. τὰς θυσίας SIG506.7

(Delph., iii B.C.); so τὸ κατ' ὑμέας as far as concerns you, Hdt.7.158; τὸ κατ' ἐμέ as far as I am concerned, D.18.247; κ. τοῦτο in this respect, Hdt.5.3, etc.; κ. ταὐτά in the same way, Id.2.20; καθ' ὅτι so far as, Th.1.82, etc.

3 in Comparisons, corresponding with, after the fashion of, κρομύοιο λοπὸν κ. like the coat of an onion, dub. in Od.19.233;

μέλος κ. Φοίνισσαν ἐμπολὰν πέμπεται Pi.P.2.67

; κ. Μιθραδάτην answering to the description of him, Hdt.1.121; τὴν ἰδέαν κ. πνιγέα like an oven in appearance, Ar.Av. 1001; κηδεῦσαι καθ' ἑαυτόν to marry in one's own rank of life, A.Pr. 890;

οὐ κατ' ἄνθρωπον φρονεῖν Id.Th. 425

;

λέγω κατ' ἄνδρα, μὴ θεόν, σέβειν ἐμέ Id.Ag. 925

; οὐ κατὰ σέ none of your sort, Chionid.1 (but ἵνα προσείπω σε κατὰ σέ to address you in your own style, Pl.Grg. 467c);

τὸ κατ' ἐμὲ καὶ οὐ κατ' ἐμέ Arr.Epict.1.28.5

;

οὐ κ. τὰς Μειδίου λῃτουργίας D.21.169

;

ἡ βασιλεία κ. τὴν ἀριστοκρατίαν ἐστί Arist.Pol. 1310b3

: freq. after a [comp] Comp.,

μέζων ἢ κατ' ἀνθρώπων φύσιν Hdt.8.38

, cf. Pl.Ap. 20e, etc.; μείζω ἢ κ. δάκρυα too great for tears, Th.7.75; ἤθεα βαθύτερα ἢ κ. Θρήϊκας morerefined than was common among the Thracians, Hdt.4.95.

V by the favour of a god, etc.,

κ. δαίμονα Pi.O.9.28

, cf. P.8.68;

κ. θεῖον Ar.Eq. 147

codd. (κ. θεὸν Cobet);

κ. τύχην τινά D.48.24

.

VI of round numbers (v. infr. v11.2), nearly, about,

κ. Χίλια ἑξακόσια ἔτεα 1600

years more or less, Hdt.2.145, cf. 6.44, al.; κατ' οὐδέν next to nothing, Pl.Plt. 302b.

VII of Time, during or in the course of a period,

κ. τὸν πόλεμον Hdt.7.137

; καθ' ἡμέραν, κατ' ἦμαρ, by day, A. Ch. 818, Ag. 668;

κατ' εὐφρόνην Id.Pers. 221

; κ. Χειμῶνα, κ. θερείαν, PLille 1r14 (iii B.C.), PTeb.27.60 (ii B.C.).

2 about,

κ. τὸν αὐτὸν τοῦτον Χρόνον Hdt.3.131

, etc.;

κ. τοὺς θανάτους τῶν βασιλέων Id.6.58

; esp. with names of persons, κ. Ἄμασιν βασιλεύοντα about the time of Amasis, Id.2.134;

κ. τὸν κ. Κροῖσον Χρόνον Id.1.67

; οἱ κατ' ἐκεῖνον (sc. τὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην)

ὑμέτεροι πρόγονοι D.21.146

(v.l. κατ' ἐκ. τὸν Χρόνον)

; κ. τοὺς Ἡρακλείδας X.Lac.10.8

; οἱ καθ' ἑαυτοὺς ἄνθρωποι their contemporaries, Id.Mem.3.5.10.

3 καθ' ἕτος this year, SIG 284.24 (Erythrae, iv B.C.), OGI458.64 (i B.C./iA.D.), CIG3641b5,38 ([place name] Lampsacus).

VIII periphrastically with abstract Subst., κατ' ἡσυχίην, κ. τάχος, = ἡσύχως, ταχέως, Hdt.1.9,7.178; κ. κράτος by force, X.HG2.1.19, etc.; κ. μέρος partially, Arist.Po. 1456a16; individually, severally, Pl.Tht. 157b, Lg. 835a; κ. φύσιν naturally, Hdt. 2.38, Pl.R. 428e; κ. τὴν τέχνην skilfully, Luc.DDeor.20.7; οὔτ' ἐμοὶ λέγειν καθ' ἡδονήν [ ἐστι] it is not pleasant for me to tell you, A.Pr. 263.

C Position: κατά may follow both its cases, and is then written with anastr. κάτα, as Il.20.221, etc.; so also in tmesi, when it follows its Verb, 17.91.

D abs. as ADV. in all the above senses, esp. like κάτω, downwards, from above, down, freq. in Hom.

E κατά in COMPOS.,

I downwards, down, as in

καταβαίνω, καταβάλλω, κατάκειμαι, καταπέμπω, καταπίπτω, καταπλέω 1

.

II in answer to, in accordance with, as in κατᾴδω ( occino), καταινέω, καταθύμιος.

III against, in hostile sense (cf. A.11.5), as in καταγιγνώσκω, κατακρίνω, καταψηφίζομαι: more rarely with a Subst., as καταδίκη.

IV back, back again, as in

κάτειμι, καταπορεύομαι, καταπλέω 11

.

V freq. only to strengthen the notion of the simple word, as in κατακόπτω, κατακτείνω, καταφαγεῖν, etc.; also with Substs. and Adjs., as in κατάδηλος, κάτοξος.

VI sts. to give a trans. force to an intr. Verb, our be-, as in καταθρηνέω bewail.

VII implying waste or consumption, as in καταλειτουργέω, καθιπποτροφέω, καταζευγοτροφέω: and generally in a disparaging sense, as in

καταγιγνώσκω 1

.

F κατά as a Prep. was shortd. in some dialects, esp. in [dialect] Ep., into κάγ, κάδ, κάκ, κάμ, κάν, κάπ, κάρ, κάτ, before γ, δ, κ, μ, ν, π (or φ) , ῥ, τ (or θ), respectively; see these forms in their own places. Mss. and the older Edd. join the Prep. with the following word, as καγγόνυ, καδδέ, κακκεφαλῆς, καππεδίον, καπφάλαρα, καρρόον, καττάδε, καττόν, etc. In compd. Verbs, κατά sts. changes into καβ, καλ, καρ, κατ, before β, λ, ρ, θ, respectively, as κάββαλε, κάλλιπε, καρρέζουσα, κάτθανε; and before στ, σχ, the second syll. sts. disappears, as in καστορνῦσα, κάσχεθε, as also in the [dialect] Dor. forms καβαίνων, κάπετον.

------------------------------------

κατά [(B)],

A = κατὰ τά, IG22.334.15; cf. κά. [full] κᾆτα, [dialect] Att. crasis for καὶ εἶτα, v. εἶτα sub fin. [full] κατάβα, for κατάβηθι, [tense] aor. 2 imper. of καταβαίνω.

παρεκ-τρέχω,

A run out past, in [tense] aor. part. -

δραμόντες Plu.Flam.8

.

II metaph., παρεκδεδραμηκότα παρὰ τὰς εὐθείας forms derived from the nominative, A.D.Adv. 171.25; of the outcome of astrological influences, Vett. Val.185.2.

πλευρο-ειδῶς, Adv.

A after the manner of ribs,

π. ἀπὸ τῆς μέσης εὐθείας κατατείνειν Thphr.HP3.10.3

, cf. 3.17.3.

συναρτ-άω,

A knit or join together,

σ. γένος E.Med. 564

;

τὴν γῆν ἅμα καὶ τὴν θάλασσαν Luc.DDeor.21.1

:—[voice] Pass., to be closely engaged,

δύο περὶ μίαν καὶ ἔστιν ᾗ καὶ πλείους ναῦς.. ξυνηρτῆσθαι Th.7.70

;

ἡ ἄνω γνάθος.. συνήρτηται τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ οὐ διήρθρωται Hp.Art.30

, cf. Arist. HA 495b6, Sor.2.85;

πρός τι Arist.HA 496b12

, Thphr.Sens.26;

σ. εἰς ἕν Arist.PA 670a7

; ἀφ' ἑνός, ἐξ ἑνός, Id.HA 516a8, Pr. 957b40; πολλαχόθι μὲν συμφύονται [

οἱ ὑμένες], πολλαχόθι δὲ συναρτῶνται Gal. UP15.5

.

2 metaph.,

ὁ μηθὲν ἀκόλουθον -αρτῶν Epicur.Nat.14.9

: mostly in [voice] Pass.,

συνηρτημέναι [ἀρεταὶ] τοῖς πάθεσι Arist.EN 1178a19

; τῷ ἀθανάτῳ τὸ ἀθάνατον ς. Id.Cael. 270b9; to be implicated in, c. dat.,

τόδε σ. τῷδε ἐξ ἀνάγκης Phld.Sign.35

; συνηρτῆσθαι πολέμῳ to be involved in.., Plu.Num.20; σ. διώξεσι καὶ φυγαῖς to be always engaged in.., Id.Sert.12; συνηρτῆσθαί τινι to be engaged with him, Id.Marc. 24, cf. Pomp.51.

3 Gramm., in [voice] Pass., to be construed with,

πρὸς τὰς εὐθείας A.D.Synt.12.11

.

τέμνω (A), [dialect] Ion., [dialect] Dor., and [dialect] Ep. [full] τάμνω, Il.3.105, al. ( τέμνω once in Hom., Od.3.175), Hdt.2.65, Democr.263, Hp.Acut.22, SIG1026.20 (Cos, [voice] Pass.), cf. ἀποτέμνω, διατέμνω: [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. [full] τέμει only in Il. 13.707 ([ per.] 2sg. τέμεις prob. in Epigr. ap. Suid.

A s.v. βοῦς ἕβδομος): τέμνω is f.l. in Pi.P.3.68 and v.l. in O.13.57, cf. τάμνω ib.12.6, B.5.17, 16.4, but is the only [dialect] Att. [tense] pres., Th.3.26, IG12.76.56, etc. (v. also τμήγω): Iterat.

τέμνεσκον A.R.1.1215

, Q.S.6.217: [tense] fut.

τεμῶ E.Ba. 493

, Th.1.82, etc.; [dialect] Ion.

τεμέω Hp.Jusj.

: [tense] aor. [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Dor. ἔτᾰμον, [dialect] Ep. τάμον, Il.3.292, al., SIG4.10 (Cyzicus, vi B.C.), Pi. N.3.33, Hdt.7.132; [dialect] Ep. inf.

ταμέειν Il.19.197

; [dialect] Att.

ἔτεμον Th.6.7

, IG22.1666A8, etc.: [tense] pf.

τέτμηκα Arist.SE 178a21

, ([etym.] ἀπο-) Pl.Men. 85a; [dialect] Dor.[ per.] 3sg.

τετμάκει Archim.Con.Sph.22

,26; [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. part. (in pass. sense) τετμηώς A.R4.156:—[voice] Med., [tense] fut. τεμοῦμαι ([etym.] ὑπο-) Ar. Eq. 291 (lyr.), X.Cyr.1.4.19, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐταμόμην, inf.

ταμέσθαι Il.9.580

; [dialect] Att.

ἐτεμόμην Pl.Plt. 280d

([etym.] ἀπ-), Luc.Pr.Im.24:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

τμηθήσομαι Arist.LI 968b17

; [dialect] Dor.

τμα- Archim.Aequil.2.2

; also

τετμήσομαι Philostr.VA4.24

, ([etym.] ἐκ-) Pl.R. 564c: [tense] aor.

ἐτμήθην E. Tr. 480

, Th.2.18, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

ἐτμα- Archim.Con.Sph.11

: [tense] pf.

τέτμημαι Od.17.195

, Th.3.26, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

τετμα- Archim.Con.Sph.12

(

τετμη- Pi.I.6(5).22

codd.):— cut, in Hom. and elsewhere usu. of particular kinds of cutting (v. infr.); generally, ὀδόντας οἵους τέμνειν fit for cutting, X.Mem.1.4.6; τοιοῦτον τμῆμα τέμνεται τὸ τεμνόμενον, οἷον τὸ τέμνον τέμνει; Pl.Grg. 476d.

2 cut, wound, maim,

ἀλλήλων ταμέειν χρόα χαλκῷ Il.13.501

, 16.761; πρὸς δέρην τ. wound her in the neck, A.Eu. 592; οἱ στενοὶ (sc. τελαμῶνες) τέμνουσι narrow bandages cut the patient, Sor.1.83.

3 of a surgeon, cut,

ἐκ μηροῦ τ. βέλος Il.11.844

;

τ. τὰν κοιλίαν IG42(1).122.40

(Epid., iv B.C.); τὴν χεῖρα (in blood-letting) Gal.16.810: abs., use the knife, as opp. to cautery ([etym.] κάειν)

, ἤτοι κέαντες ἢ τεμόντες A.Ag. 849

, cf. X.An.5.8.18, Pl.Grg. 456b, 480c, 521e, etc.:— [voice] Pass., to be operated upon, Hp.Aph.7.44, Pl.Grg. 479a.

4 cut, castrate, ἐρίφους, βοῦν, κάπρον, Hes.Op. 786, 791; of men, Luc.Syr. D.15.

5 prune vines, LXX Le.25.3, cf. Is.5.6 ([voice] Pass.); cut, i.e. gather, herbs, Dsc.3.132 ([voice] Pass.).

II cut up, cut to pieces, of animals, Il.9.209; τ. μελεϊστί, διὰ μελεϊστί, κατὰ μέλη, 24.409, Od.9.291, Pi.O.1.49;

τ. ἰχθῦς Hdt.2.65

, cf. 3.42, etc.:—[voice] Med.,

ταμνομένους κρέα πολλά Od.24.364

.

b slaughter, sacrifice,

ταμέειν Διί τ' Ἠελίῳ τε Il.19.197

; σφάγια τ. E.Supp. 1196:—[voice] Pass.,

σφάγια τέμνεται Id.Heracl. 400

.

2 ὅρκια τάμνειν sacrifice in attestation of an oath, and hence, take solemn oaths, Il.2.124, Od.24.483, etc. (also in late Prose, as Plb.21.24.3, 21.32.15, al.);

Φιλότητα καὶ ὅρκια πιστὰ ταμόντες Il.3.73

, etc.; θάνατόν νύ τοι ὅρκι' ἔταμνον I made a truce which was death to thee, 4.155; ἐπὶ τούτοισι τ. ὅρκιον on these terms, Hdt.7.132; without ὅρκιον, τ. τισὶ μένειν τὸ ὅρκιον make a covenant that.., Id.4.201; also

σπονδὰς τέμωμεν E.Hel. 1235

; ἆρα φίλιά μοι τεμεῖ; Id.Supp. 376 (lyr.):—[voice] Med., of two parties,

ὅρκια τάμνεσθαι Hdt.4.70

.

3 φάρμακον τέμνειν cut or chop up a plant for purposes of medicine or witchcraft, Pl.Lg. 836b: metaph., ib. 919b, Ep. 353e: hence πόρον or ἄκος τέμνειν contrive a means or remedy, A.Supp. 807 (lyr., dub.l.), E.Andr. 121 (lyr.).

4 divide, of a river, μέσην τ. Λιβύην cut it in twain, Hdt.2.33, cf. E.El. 411; of a mountain-chain, D.P.340, 890; τ. δίχα cleave in two, Pl.Smp. 190d:-[voice] Med., ἑπτὰ μέρη τεμόμενος having divided it into seven parts, Id.Lg. 695c:—[voice] Pass.,

γραμμὴ δίχα τετμημένη Id.R. 509d

; τετμημένος ἐξ ἑνὸς δύο cut from one into two, Id.Smp. 191d.

b διὰ τῆς δριμυφαγίας εἰ καὶ τὸ πάχος τέμνοιτο τοῦ γάλακτος were to be diluted, thinned, Sor.1.98;

ἡ τῆς πτισάνης [ὕλη] τ. καὶ ὑγραίνει τὰ τῆς ἀναπτύσεως δεόμενα Gal.15.507

, cf. 6.352, 14.742;

τέμνειν καὶ λεπτύνειν τὰ παχέα τῶν ὑγρῶν Id.6.760

, cf. Vict.Att.1, al.

5 divide logically,

τ. δίχα Pl.Phlb. 49a

, Plt. 287b; τ. τὸν ἀριθμὸν ἀρτίῳ καὶ περιττῷ into even and odd, ib. 262e, cf. 266e, al.; εἰς δύο μέρη τέμνουσι [ τὴν πραγματείαν] Sor. 1.1:—[voice] Pass.,

διχῇ τέμνεσθαι Pl.Sph. 223c

.

III cut off, sever

ἐκ κεφαλέων τρίχας Il.3.273

;

κεφαλὴν ἀπὸ δειρῆς 18.177

;

δρακόντοιν κάρα A.Ch. 1047

, cf. S.Ph. 619;

λαιμούς τινος Ar.Av. 1560

; πλόκον, φόβας, βόστρυχον, S.Aj. 1179, El. 449, 901 ([voice] Pass.), etc.;

τράχηλον σώματος χωρίς E.Ba. 241

; Ὕδραν τ. Pl.R. 426e: with double acc., ἐρινεὸν ὀξέϊ χαλκῷ τάμνε νέους ὄρπηκας cut the branches off the fig-tree, Il.21.38 ( ἐρινεοῦ cj. Agar):—[voice] Pass., τρίχας ἐτμήθην had them cut off, E.Tr. 480.

2 part off, mark off,

τέλσον ἀρούρης Il.13.707

;

τέμενος 6.194

; so in [voice] Med., 9.580; also τάμνοντ' ἀμφὶ βοῶν ἀγέλας they cut them off, surrounded them, 18.528.

IV cut down, fell, of trees and timber, δένδρεα, δρῦς, φιτρούς, 11.88, 23.119, Od.12.11, etc.;

δοῦρα Hes.Op. 807

; τίς.. ἔτεμε τὰν δακρυόεσσαν Ἰλίῳ πεύκαν; E.Hel. 231 (lyr.);

τ. ὕλην Th.2.98

; τ. ξύλα ἐκ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος ib.75;

χάρακας ἐκ τοῦ τεμένους Id.3.70

:—[voice] Pass., [

μελίη] χαλκῷ ταμνομένη Il.13.180

;

ῥόπαλον τετμημένον Od.17.195

; ἡ ὕλη ἡ τετμ. the felled timber, D.42.30:—[voice] Med., δοῦρα τάμνεσθαι fell oneself timber, Od.5.243, cf. Hdt.5.82, E.Hec. 634 (lyr.).

2 λίθον τ. hew or quarry it, IG12.76.56, cf. 22.1666A8, 42(1).102.41, al. (Epid., iv B.C.), Pl.Criti. 116a, PPetr.2p.6 (iii B.C.), D.S.5.13; τ. μέταλλον open or work a mine, Hyp.Eux.35 ([voice] Pass.):—[voice] Med., λίθους τάμνεσθαι have them wrought or hewn, Hdt.1.186.

3 cut down for purposes of destruction,

γῆς τ. βλαστήματα E.Hec. 1204

;

τ. τὸν σῖτον X.Mem.2.1.13

; also τ. τὴν γῆν lay waste the country by felling the fruit-trees, cutting the corn, etc., Hdt.9.86, cf. Th.2.19,55, And.3.8 ([voice] Pass.);

τῆς γῆς ἔτεμον οὐ πολλήν Th.6.7

: c. partit. gen., τῆς γῆς τ. waste part of it, Id.1.30, 2.56:—[voice] Pass., ib.18,20.

V cut into shape,

δέρμα βόειον Od.14.24

;

ἱμάντας ἐκ τοῦ δέρματος Hdt.5.25

:—[voice] Med.,

νομέας ταμόμενοι Id.1.194

.

VI cut lengthwise, τ. γῆν, ἄρουραν, plough it, Sol.13.47, A.Fr. 196.

2 τ. ὁδόν cut or make a road,

τ. ὁδοὺς εὐθείας Th.2.100

;

τ. διάπλους ἐκ τῶν διωρύχων Pl.Criti. 118e

;

τάφρον τεμέσθαι PHal.1.107

(iii B.C.); ὁ τέμνων (sc. τὴν τάφρον) ib. 110: metaph., ὀχετοὺς ἐπὶ τὸν πλεύμονα ἔτεμον carried channels or ducts to the lungs, Pl.Ti. 70d, cf. 77c;

οὐκ.. ἐγὼ πρῶτος ταύτην ἐτεμόμην τὴν ὁδόν Luc.Pr.Im.24

:—[voice] Pass.,

μυρίαι τέτμηνται κέλευθοι Pi.I.6(5).22

;

οὐ τετμημένων [τῶν] ὁδῶν Hdt.4.136

, etc.

b make one's way, advance,

ὦ τὴν ἐν ἄστροις.. τέμνων ὁδὸν.. Ἥλιε E.Ph. 1

;

διὰ μέσου.. αἰθέρος τέμνων κέλευθον Ar.Th. 1100

; τὴν μεσόγαιαν τ. τῆς ὁδοῦ take the inland road, strike through the interior, Hdt.7.124, 9.89: metaph., μέσον τι τέμνειν hold a middle course, Pl.Prt. 338a; τὴν μέσην τ. Plu.2.7b; μέσον τινὰ [ βίον] τ. Pl.Lg. 793a;

βιότοιο τ. τρίβον AP9.359

(Posidipp. or Pl.Com.), 360 (Metrod.): abs., make one's way, A.R.2.1244, 4.771.

3 of ships, cut through the waves, plough the sea, τ. πέλαγος μέσον, κύματα θαλάσσης, Od.3.175, 13.88, cf. Pi.P.3.68: metaph., ψεύδη.. τάμνοισαι κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες men's hopes are tossed about as they cut through the sea of lies, Id.O.12.6: of birds, αἰθέρος αὔλακα τ. cleave the air, Ar.Av. 1400, cf. h.Cer. 383, E.Epigr.2.

VII cut short, bring to a crisis or decision,

μαχᾶν τ. τέλος Pi.O.13.57

;

κίνδυνον τ. σιδάρῳ E.Heracl. 758

(lyr.);

λόγῳ τὰ διάφορα τεμεῖν Lib.Or.18.164

; τὰς δίκας τ. Cod.Just.3.1.12, cf. 2.12.27.2, al.

VIII ταμών metaph.for ἀρύσας, Emp.143. (Cf.Slovenian τνèμ

------------------------------------

τέμνω (B), only in τέμνοντα· ἀμέλγοντα, Hsch.; ἔτεμεν· ἤμελγεν, Id. (Perh. cf. Skt.

A ā-cāmati, pl. - camanti, 'sip', Icel. hvóma 'swallow'.)

χῑόω, ([etym.] χῖ)

A mark with a Χ or cross, Tz.H.5.164.

2 write or mark crosswise,

κύκλος ἐπ' εὐθείας χιούμενος Lyd.Mens.3.4

: [tense] pf. inf.

κεχιῶσθαι Eun.Hist.p.272D.

ἅπτω, [tense] fut. ἅψω: [tense] aor. ἧψα:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf. ἧμμαι, [dialect] Ion.

A

ἅμμαι Hdt.1.86

: [tense] fut.

ἅψομαι Od.9.379

, ἁφθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) Gal.3.311:—[voice] Med., v.infr. (cf. ἑάφθη):— fasten or bind to, used by Hom., once in [voice] Act., ἅψας ἀμφοτέρωθεν.. ἔντερον οἰός (of a lyre-string) Od.21.408; once in [voice] Med., ἁψαμένη βρόχον.. ἀφ' ὑψηλοῖο μελάθρου having fastened the noose to the beam (to hang herself), 11.278; so later

ἅψεται ἀμφὶ βρόχον.. δείρᾳ E.Hipp. 770

;

ἁψαμένη βρόχον αὐχένι A.R.1.1065

:—[voice] Act.,

βρόχους ἅ. κρεμαστούς E.Or. 1036

; but

βρόχῳ ἅ. δέρην Id.Hel. 136

, cf. AP7.493 (Antip. Thess.).

2 join,

ἅ. χορόν A.Eu. 307

; πάλην τινὶ ἅ. fasten a contest in wrestling on one, engage with one, Id.Ch. 868: —[voice] Pass.,

ἅπτεσθαι τὴν Μεγαρέων πόλιν καὶ Κορινθίων τοῖς τείχεσιν Arist.Pol. 1280b14

.

II more freq. in [voice] Med., ἅπτομαι, [tense] fut. ἅψομαι, [tense] aor.

ἡψάμην E.Supp. 317

, with [tense] pf. [voice] Pass.

ἧμμαι S.Tr. 1010

(lyr.), Pl. Phdr. 260e:—fasten oneself to, grasp, c.gen.,

ἅψασθαι γούνων Il.1.512

;

χειρῶν 10.377

;

ἁψαμένη δὲ γενείου Ὀδυσσῆα προσέειπεν Od.19.473

;

ἅπτεσθαι νηῶν Il.2.152

;

βρώμης δ' οὐχ ἅπτεαι οὐδὲ ποτῆτος; Od.10.379

, cf. 4.60;

ὡς δ' ὅτε τίς τε κύων συὸς.. ἅπτηται κατόπισθε.. ἰσχία τε γλουτούς τε Il.8.339

;

ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ ἐπεόντος ἐπὶ τῶν δενδρέων καρποῦ Hdt.2.32

;

τῶν τύμβων ἁπτόμενοι Id.4.172

; ἅπτεσθαί τινος, Lat. manus inicere alicui, Id.3.137;

οὔτ' ἔθιγεν οὔθ' ἥψαθ' ἡμῶν E.Ba. 617

; τῶν σφυγμῶν feel the pulse, Arr.Epict.3.22.73: metaph., take hold of, cleave to, Pl.Lg. 967c.

b abs., τῶν μὲν γὰρ πάντων βέλε' ἅπτεται for the spears of all the Trojans reach their mark, Il.17.631;

ἀμφοτέρων βέλε' ἥπτετο 8.67

.

c

ἅ. τῆς γῆς

land,

D.S.4.48

.

III metaph., engage in, undertake,

βουλευμάτων S.Ant. 179

;

ἀγῶνος E. Supp. 317

; πολέμου prosecute it vigorously, Th.5.61;

ἧπται τοῦ πράγματος D.21.155

;

ψυχὴ ἡμμένη φόνων Pl.Phd. 108b

, cf. E.IT 381;

τῶν μεγίστων ἀσεβημάτων Plb.7.13.6

; so

ἅ. τῆς μουσικῆς καὶ φιλοσοφίας Pl.R. 411c

; ἐπιτηδεύματος ib. 497e;

γεωμετρίας Id.Plt. 266a

;

τῆς θαλάττης Plb.1.24.7

;

ἅπτεσθαι λόγου E.Andr. 662

, Pl.Euthd. 283a (but ἅπτεσθαι τοῦ λόγου attack, impugn the argument of another, Id.Phd. 86d); τούτων ἥψατο touched on these points, handled them, Th.1.97;

ἅ. τῆς ζητήσεως Arist.GC 320b34

; but also, touch on, treat superficially, Pl.Lg. 694c, Arist.EE 1227a1.

b abs., begin, set to work,

ταῖς διανοίαις Ar.Ec. 581

.

2 fasten upon, attack, Pi.N.8.22, A.Ag. 1608, etc.;

μόνον τῷ δακτύλῳ Ar.Lys. 365

;

τῆς οὐραγίας Plb.2.34.12

; esp. with words, Hdt.5.92.γ; of diseases,

ἧπταί μου S.Tr. 1010

, cf. Gal.15.702;

ἥψατο τῶν ἀνθρώπων Th.2.48

; ὅσα ἅπτεται ἀνθρώπων all that feed on human flesh, ib.50.

b lay hands on,

χρημάτων Pl.Lg. 913a

;

τῶν ἀλλοτρίων Id.R. 360b

, etc.

3 touch, affect,

ἄλγος οὐδὲν ἅπτεται νεκροῦ A.Fr. 255

, cf. S.OC 955;

ἅπτει μου τοῖς λόγοις τῆς ψυχῆς Pl. Ion 535a

;

τῆς ἐμῆς ἥψω φρενός E.Rh. 916

;

ὥς μου χρησμὸς ἅ. φρενῶν Ar.Eq. 1237

; make an impression upon,

ἡμῶν OGI315.56

(Pessinus, ii B. C.).

4 grasp with the senses, perceive, S.OC 1550, Pl.Phd. 99e; apprehend,

τῆς αἰτίας Arist.Resp. 472a3

.

5 have intercourse with a woman, Pl.Lg. 84ca, Arist.Pol. 1335b40, 1 Ep.Cor. 7.1;

εὐνῆς E.Ph. 946

.

6 come up to, reach, overtake, X.HG5.4.43; attain,

τῆς ἀληθείας Pl.Phd. 65b

;

τοῦ τέλους Id.Smp. 211b

: in Pi., c. dat.,

ἀγλαΐαις P.10.28

;

στάλαισιν Ἡρακλείαις Id.I.4(3).12

; but also c. gen.,

Ἡρακλέος σταλᾶν Id.O.3.44

.

7 make use of, avail oneself of,

τῆς τύχης E.IA56

.

8 Geom., of bodies and surfaces, to be in contact, Arist.Ph. 231a22, cf. Metaph. 1002a34, al., S.E.M.3.35; of lines or curves, meet, Euc.3Def.2; touch, Id.4Def.5, Archim. Sph.Cyl.1.28; pass through a point, Euc.4Defs.2,6; of points, lie on a line or curve, ib.Defs.1,3; ἅπτεται τὸ σημεῖον θέσει δεδομένης εὐθείας the locus of the point is a given straight line, Id. ap. Papp.656.6,al.

B [voice] Act., kindle, set on fire (i.e. by contact of fire), Hdt.8.52, etc. (so in [voice] Med., Call.Dian. 116);

ἐρείκης θωμὸν ἅψαντες πυρί A.Ag. 295

: metaph.,

πυρσὸν ὕμνων Pi.I.4(3).43

:—[voice] Pass., to be set on fire,

ὁ μοχλὸς ἐλάϊνος ἐν πυρὶ μέλλεν ἅψεσθαι Od.9.379

; ὡς ἅφθη τάχιστα τὸ λήιον.. ἅψατο νηοῦ as soon as the corn caught fire, it set fire to the temple, Hdt.1.19; πυρῆς ἤδη ἁμμένης ib.86;

ἧπται πυρί E.Hel. 107

.

II ἅ. πῦρ kindle a fire, ib. 503:—[voice] Pass., ἄνθρακες ἡμμένοι red-hot embers, Th.4.100;

δᾷδ' ἐνεγκάτω τις ἡμμένην Ar.Nu. 1490

, cf. Pl. 301.

III cook, Alex.124.1.

ἐκβολ-ή, ἡ, (ἐκβάλλω)

A throwing out, ψήφων ἐ. casting the votes out of the urn, A. Eu. 748.

2 jettisoning of cargo, Id.Th. 769 (lyr.), Arist.EN 1110a9, Act.Ap.27.18 (but simply, unloading, Sammelb.1207): metaph., ἐ. τῆς δόξης casting out of it, getting rid of it, Pl.Sph. 230b, R. 412e;

ἐ. ἐλέου Aphth.Prog.7

, cf. Diog.Oen.4.

II expulsion, banishment, A.Supp. 421 (lyr., pl.);

μετὰ τὴν τῶν τυράννων ἐ. Arist.Pol. 1275b36

;

ἐκβολαὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως Pl.Lg. 847b

; dislodgement, ejection, Plb.4.8.4.

2 divorce, repudiation,

γυναικός Lib.Decl.26.45

.

III letting fall or drop,

δακρύων ἐκβολαί E.HF 742

(lyr.); ἐ. [ὀδόντων] casting or shedding of teeth, Arist.GA 789a15.

IV expulsion of a foetus, Hp. Mul.1.78.

2 ἐ. σίτου the time when the corn comes into ear, Th.4.1.

3 shoot,

καυλοῦ Dsc.3.114

.

V putting out of a joint, dislocation,

ἐκβολαὶ τῶν ἄρθρων Plu.2.164f

.

VI putting forth, exposing,

μαστῶν Plb.2.56.7

.

VII debouchure, outlet,

ἐ. Πηνειοῦ Hdt.7.128

; mouth of a river, in pl., Th.2.102 ; in sg., Id.7.35, Pl.Phd. 113a : pass leading out of a chain of mountains,

αἱ ἐκβολαὶ τοῦ Κιθαιρῶνος Hdt.9.38

.

2 by-way,

ἐ. ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ τῆς εὐθείας Paus.3.10.7

: metaph.,

ἐ. λόγου

digression,

Th.1.97

, Philostr.Her.19.14 (pl.), etc.

3 close of a verse, Eust.900.24.

4 projection, στόματος a snout, Philostr.Jun.Im.12.

VIII (from [voice] Pass.), that which is cast out, δικέλλης ἐ. earth thrown up by a mattock, upcast, S.Ant. 250 ; οὐρεία ἐ. children cast or exposed on the mountains, E.Hec. 1079 (anap.).

2 cargo thrown overboard, jetsam, πλὴν ἐκβολῆς, ἣν ἂν..ἐκβάλωνται Syngr. ap. D.35.11; so ἐκβολαὶ νεώς wrecked seamen, E.IT 1424.

IX in Music, interval of five διέσεις, Plu.2.1141b, Bacch.Harm.42, Aristid.Quint.1.10.

X = ἐκβολάς I, Str.14.5.28.

ἐπιέψεται,

A v. ἐφέπω. [full] ἐπιϝοικία, [full] ἐπίϝοικος, v. ἐποικ-. [full] ἔπιζα· ὄρνεα (Cypr.), Hsch. [full] ἐπιζάνω, [dialect] Ion. for ἐφιζάνω. [full] ἐπιζάξ· ἐπὶ τὰ ἀριστερὰ καὶ ἐπ' εὐθείας, Hsch. (with other expll., cf. ἐπιτάξ).

ἰθῠπετεῖν [ῑ] ( ἰθυνπ- cod.)· ἐπ' εὐθείας ὁρμῆσαι, Hsch.

διαστρέφω fut. διαστρέψω LXX; 1 aor. διέστρεψα. Pass.: 2 fut. διαστραφήσομαι LXX; 2 aor. διεστράφην; pf. pass. ptc. διεστραμμένος (Aeschyl., Hippocr. et al.; LXX, En; PsSol 10:3; TestSol 18:12 HP; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 9 [Stone p. 38]; Test12Patr; SibOr 3, 106).

① to cause to be distorted, deform (Philosoph. Max. 489, 37 δ. of objects that turn out as failures in the hands of a clumsy workman, and whose shape is therefore distorted) of a vessel on the potter’s wheel: become misshapen 2 Cl 8:2 (cp. PGissUniv 26, 12f).

② to cause to depart from an accepted standard of oral or spiritual values, make crooked, pervert (Demosth. 18, 140 τἀληθές; Dio Chrys. 59 [76], 4; En 99:2; τὴν ζωτικὴν δύναμιν τῆς ψυχῆς δ. Did., Gen. 130, 4): τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ κυρίου τ. εὐθείας make crooked the Lord’s straight ways Ac 13:10 (cp. Pr 10:9; 11:20); μετὰ στρεβλοῦ δ. w. a perverse pers. you will deal perversely 1 Cl 46:3 (Ps 17:27). διεστραμμένος perverted in the moral sense, depraved (Sent. Aesopi 33 p. 255 P. ψυχῆς διεστραμμένης; Did., Gen. 103, 4 δ. συμβιώσεις for the pf. ptc. s. Dio Chrys. 67 [17], 22) γενεά w. ἄπιστος Mt 17:17; Lk 9:41; Phil 2:15 (Dt 32:5; cp. Pr 6:14; Epict. 3, 6, 8 οἱ μὴ παντάπασιν διεστραμμένοι τῶν ἀνθρώπων; 1, 29, 3). λαλεῖν διεστραμμένα teach perversions (of the truth) Ac 20:30 (cp. Alciphron 4, 17, 2 διεστραμμένοι κανόνες).

③ to cause to be uncertain about a belief or to believe something different, mislead τινά someone 1 Cl 46:8; 47:5. τὸ ἔθνος Lk 23:2 (cp. Polyb. 5, 41, 1; 8, 24, 3; 3 Km 18:17f). πολλούς 1 Cl 46:9; turn away τινὰ ἀπό τινος (Ex 5:4) Ac 13:8.—M-M. TW.

εἰμί (Hom.+) impv. ἴσθι, ἔσο IPol 4:1, ἔστω—also colloq. ἤτω (BGU 276, 24; 419, 13; POxy 533, 9; Ps 103:31; 1 Macc 10:31) 1 Cor 16:22; Js 5:12; 1 Cl 48:5; Hv 3, 3, 4;—3 pers. pl. ἔστωσαν (ins since 200 B.C. Meisterhans³-Schw. 191; PPetr III, 2, 22 [237 B.C.]) Lk 12:35; 1 Ti 3:12; GJs 7:2. Inf. εἶναι. Impf. 1 pers. only mid. ἤμην (Jos., Bell. 1, 389; 631; s. further below); ἦν only Ac 20:18 D, 2 pers. ἦσθα (Jos., Ant. 6, 104) Mt 26:69; Mk 14:67 and ἦς (Lobeck, Phryn. 149 ‘say ἦσθα’; Jos., Ant. 17, 110 al.; Sb 6262, 16 [III A.D.]) Mt 25:21, 23 al., 3 sg. ἦν, 1 pl. ἦμεν. Beside this the mid. form ἤμην (pap since III B.C.; Job 29:16; Tob 12:13 BA), s. above, gives the pl. ἤμεθα (pap since III B.C.; Bar 1:19) Mt 23:30; Ac 27:37; Eph 2:3. Both forms in succession Gal. 4:3. Fut. ἔσομαι, ptc. ἐσόμενος. The mss. vary in choice of act. or mid., but like the edd. lean toward the mid. (W-S. §14, 1; Mlt-H. 201–3; Rob. index; B-D-F §98; Rdm.² 99; 101f; Helbing 108f; Reinhold 86f). Also s. ἔνι.

① be, exist, be on hand a pred. use (for other pred. use s. 3a, 4, 5, 6, 7): of God (Epicurus in Diog. L. 10, 123 θεοί εἰσιν; Zaleucus in Diod S 12, 20, 2 θεοὺς εἶναι; Wsd 12:13; Just., D. 128, 4 angels) ἔστιν ὁ θεός God exists Hb 11:6; cp. 1 Cor 8:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν the one who is and who was (cp. SibOr 3, 16; as amulet PMich 155, 3 [II A.D.] ὁ ὢν θεὸς ὁ Ἰάω κύριος παντοκράτωρ=the god … who exists.) Rv 11:17; 16:5. ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος, in this and the two preceding passages ἦν is treated as a ptc. (for the unusual use of ἦν cp. Simonides 74 D.: ἦν ἑκατὸν φιάλαι) 1:4; 4:8 (cp. Ex 3:14; Wsd 13:1; Paus. 10, 12, 10 Ζεὺς ἦν, Ζ. ἔστι, Ζ. ἔσσεται; cp. Theosophien 18. S. OWeinreich, ARW 19, 1919, 178f). οὐδʼ εἶναι θεὸν παντοκράτορα AcPlCor 1:11. ἐγώ εἰμι (ins in the Athena-Isis temple of Saïs in Plut., Is. et Os. 9, 354c: ἐγώ εἰμι πᾶν τὸ γεγονὸς κ. ὸ̓ν κ. ἐσόμενον. On the role of Isis in Gk. rel. s. IBergman, Ich bin Isis ’68; RMerkelbach, Isis Regina—Zeus Sarapis ’95; for further lit. s. MGustafson in: Prayer fr. Alexander to Constantine, ed. MKiley et al. ’97, 158.) Rv 1:8 (s. ἐγώ beg.). ὁ ὤν, … θεός Ro 9:5 is classed here and taken to mean Christ by JWordsworth ad loc. and HWarner, JTS 48, ’47, 203f. Of the λόγος: ἐν ἀρχῇ ἦν ὁ λ. J 1:1 (for ἦν cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 4; 3, 1b ἦν σκότος, Fgm. IX 1 p. 422, 23 Sc. γέγονεν ἡ ὕλη καὶ ἦν).—Of Christ πρὶν Ἀβραὰμ γενέσθαι, ἐγὼ εἰμί before Abraham was born, I am 8:58 (on the pres. εἰμί cp. Parmenides 8, 5: of the Eternal we cannot say ἦν οὐδʼ ἔσται, only ἔστιν; Ammonius Hermiae [Comm. in Aristotl. IV 5 ed. ABusse 1897] 6 p. 172: in Timaeus we read that we must not say of the gods τὸ ἦν ἢ τὸ ἔσται μεταβολῆς τινος ὄντα σημαντικά, μόνον δὲ τὸ ἔστι=‘was’ or ‘will be’, suggesting change, but only ‘is’; Ps 89:2; DBall, ‘I Am’ in John’s Gospel [JSNT Suppl. 124] ’96).—Of the world πρὸ τοῦ τὸν κόσμον εἶναι before the world existed 17:5. Satirically, of the beast, who parodies the Lamb, ἦν καὶ οὐκ ἔστιν Rv 17:8. Of God’s temple: ἔστιν B 16:6f it exists. τὸ μὴ ὄν that which does not exist, the unreal (Sallust. 17 p. 32, 7 and 9; Philo, Aet. M. 5; 82) Hm 1:1. τὰ ὄντα that which exists contrasted w. τὰ μὴ ὄντα Ro 4:17; cp. 1 Cor 1:28; 2 Cl 1:8. Of God κτίσας ἐκ τοῦ μὴ ὄντος τὰ ὄντα what is out of what is not Hv 1, 1, 6 (on the contrast τὰ ὄντα and τὰ μὴ ὄντα cp. Ps.-Arist. on Xenophanes: Fgm. 21, 28; Artem. 1, 51 p. 49, 19 τὰ μὴ ὄντα ὡς ὄντα; Ocellus Luc. 12; Sallust. 17, 5 p. 30, 28–32, 12; Philo, Op. M. 81; PGM 4, 3077f ποιήσαντα τὰ πάντα ἐξ ὧν οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι; 13, 272f τὸν ἐκ μὴ ὄντων εἶναι ποιήσαντα καὶ ἐξ ὄντων μὴ εἶναι; Theoph. Ant. 1, 4 [p. 64, 21] τὰ πάντα ὁ θεὸς ἐποίησεν ἐξ οὐκ ὄντων εἰς τὸ εἶναι).—Of existing in the sense be present, available, provided πολλοῦ ὄχλου ὄντος since a large crowd was present Mk 8:1. ὄντων τῶν προσφερόντων those are provided who offer Hb 8:4. οὔπω ἦν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39. ἀκούσας ὄντα σιτία when he heard that grain was available Ac 7:12.—Freq. used to introduce parables and stories (once) there was: ἄνθρωπός τις ἦν πλούσιος there was (once) a rich man Lk 16:1, 19. ἦν ἄνθρωπος ἐκ τ. Φαρισαίων there was a man among the Pharisees J 3:1.—There is, there are ὥσπερ εἰσὶν θεοὶ πολλοί as there are many gods 1 Cor 8:5. διαιρέσεις χαρισμάτων εἰσίν there are various kinds of spiritual gifts 12:4ff; 1J 5:16 al. Neg. οὐκ ἔστι there is (are) not, no (Ps 52:2; Simplicius in Epict. p. 95, 42 as a quot. from ‘tragedy’ οὐκ εἰσὶν θεοί) δίκαιος there is no righteous man Ro 3:10 (Eccl 7:20). ἀνάστασις νεκρῶν οὐκ ἔστιν there is no resurr. of the dead 1 Cor 15:12; οὐδʼ εἶναι ἀνάστασιν AcPlCor 1:12; 2:24; cp. Mt 22:23; Ac 23:8 (cp. 2 Macc 7:14). εἰσὶν οἵ, or οἵτινες there are people who (Hom. et al.; LXX; Just., D. 47, 2 εἰ μήτι εἰσὶν οἱ λέγοντες ὅτι etc.—W. sing. and pl. combined: Arrian, Ind. 24, 9 ἔστι δὲ οἳ διέφυγον=but there are some who escaped) Mt 16:28; 19:12; Mk 9:1; Lk 9:27; J 6:64; Ac 11:20. Neg. οὐδείς ἐστιν ὅς there is no one who Mk 9:39; 10:29; Lk 1:61; 18:29. As a question τίς ἐστιν ὅς; who is there that? Mt 12:11—In an unusual (perh. bureaucratic terminology) participial construction Ac 13:1 ἡ οὖσα ἐκκλησία the congregation there (cp. Ps.-Pla., Eryx. 6, 394c οἱ ὄντες ἄνθρωποι=the people with whom he has to deal; PLond III 1168, 5 p. 136 [18 A.D.] ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις=on the adjoining areas there; PGen 49; PSI 229, 11 τοῦ ὄντος μηνός of the current month); cp. 14:13.—αἱ οὖσαι (sc. ἐξουσίαι) those that exist Ro 13:1 (cp. UPZ 180a I, 4 [113 B.C.] ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν).

② to be in close connection (with), is, freq. in statements of identity or equation, as a copula, the equative function, uniting subject and predicate. On absence of the copula, Mlt-Turner 294–310.

ⓐ gener. πραΰς εἰμι I am gentle Mt 11:29. ἐγώ εἰμι Γαβριήλ Lk 1:19. σὺ εἶ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mk 3:11; J 1:49 and very oft. ἵνα … ὁ πονηρὸς … ἐλεγχθῇ [το? s. app. in Bodm.] μὴ ὢν θεός AcPlCor 2:15 (Just., D. 3, 3 φιλολόγος οὖν τις εἶ σύ).—The pred. can be supplied fr. the context: καὶ ἐσμέν and we are (really God’s children) 1J 3:1 (Eur., Ion 309 τ. θεοῦ καλοῦμαι δοῦλος εἰμί τε. Dio Chrys. 14 [31], 58 θεοφιλεῖς οἱ χρηστοὶ λέγονται καὶ εἰσίν; Epict. 2, 16, 44 Ἡρακλῆς ἐπιστεύθη Διὸς υἱὸς εἶναι καὶ ἦν.—The ptc. ὤν, οὖσα, ὄν used w. a noun or adj.and serving as an if-, since-, or although-clause sim. functions as a copula πονηροὶ ὄντες Mt 7:11; 12:34.—Lk 20:36; J 3:4; 4:9; Ac 16:21; Ro 5:10; 1 Cor 8:7; Gal 2:3 al.).—W. adv. of quality: οὕτως εἶναι be so preceded by ὥσπερ, καθώς or followed by ὡς, ὥσπερ Mt 13:40; 24:27, 37, 39; Mk 4:26; Lk 17:26. W. dat. of pers. οὕτως ἔσται ὁ υἱὸς τ. ἀ. τῇ γενεᾷ ταύτῃ so the Human One (Son of Man) will be for this generation 11:30. εἰμὶ ὡσ/ὥσπερ I am like Mt 6:5; Lk 18:11. W. dat. ἔστω σοι ὥσπερ τελώνης he shall be to you as a tax-collector Mt 18:17. εἰμὶ ὥς τις I am like someone of outward and inward similarity 28:3; Lk 6:40; 11:44; 22:27 al. καθώς εἰμι as I am Ac 22:3; 1J 3:2, 7; 4:17.—W. demonstr. pron. (Just., A I, 16, 1 ἃ ἔφη, ταῦτά ἐστι: foll. by a quotation; sim. 48, 5 ἔστι δὲ ταῦτα; and oft.) τὰ ὀνόματά ἐστιν ταῦτα Mt 10:2. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ μαρτυρία J 1:19. W. inf. foll. θρησκεία αὕτη ἐστίν, ἐπισκέπτεσθαι Js 1:27. W. ὅτι foll. αὕτη ἐστὶν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν J 3:19; cp. 21:24; 1J 1:5; 3:11; 5:11. W. ἵνα foll. τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ ἔργον, ἵνα πιστεύητε J 6:29; cp. vs. 39f; 15:12; 17:3; 1J 3:11, 23; 5:3. W. τηλικοῦτος: τὰ πλοῖα, τηλικαῦτα ὄντα though they are so large Js 3:4. W. τοσοῦτος: τοσοῦτων ὄντων although there were so many J 21:11. W. τοιοῦτος: τοιοῦτος ὤν Phlm 9 (cp. Just., A I, 18, 4 ὅσα ἄλλα τοιαῦτά ἐστι).—W. interrog. pron. ὑμεῖς τίνα με λέγετε εἶναι; who do you say I am? Mt 16:15; cp. 21:10; Mk 1:24; 4:41; 8:27, 29; Lk 4:34 al.; σὺ τίς εἶ; J 1:19; 8:25; 21:12 al. (cp. JosAs 14:6 τίς εἶ συ tell me ‘who you are’). σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ κρίνων; (Pla., Gorg. 452b; Strabo 6, 2, 4 σὺ τίς εἶ ὁ τὸν Ὅμηρον ψέγων ὡς μυθογράφον;) Ro 14:4; ἐγὼ τίς ἤμην; (cp. Ex 3:11) Ac 11:17; τίς εἰμι ἐγὼ ὅτι who am I, that GJs 12:2 (Ex 3:11). W. πόσος: πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν; how long a time? Mk 9:21. W. ποταπός of what sort Lk 1:29.—W. relative pron. οἷος 2 Cor 10:11; ὁποῖος Ac 26:29; 1 Cor 3:13; Gal 2:6; ὅς Rv 1:19; ὅστις Gal 5:10, 19.—W. numerals ἦσαν οἱ φαγόντες πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες 6:44 (cp. Polyaenus 7, 25 ἦσαν οἱ πεσόντες ἀνδρῶν μυριάδες δέκα); cp. Ac 19:7; 23:13. Λάζαρος εἷς ἦν ἐκ τῶν ἀνακειμένων L. was one of those at the table J 12:2; cp. Gal 3:20; Js 2:19. τῶν πιστευσάντων ἦν καρδία καὶ ψυχὴ μία Ac 4:32. εἷς εἶναι be one and the same Gal 3:28. ἓν εἶναι be one J 10:30; 17:11, 21ff; 1 Cor 3:8.—οὐδʼ εἶναι τὴν πλάσιν τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων τοῦ θεοῦ (that) the creation of humankind is not God’s doing AcPlCor 1:13.—To establish identity the formula ἐγώ εἰμι is oft. used in the gospels (corresp. to Hebr. אֲנִי הוּא Dt 32:39; Is 43:10), in such a way that the predicate must be understood fr. the context: Mt 14:27; Mk 6:50; 13:6; 14:62; Lk 22:70; J 4:26; 6:20; 8:24, 28; 13:19; 18:5f and oft.; s. on ἐγώ.—In a question μήτι ἐγώ εἰμι; surely it is not I? Mt 26:22, 25.

ⓑ to describe a special connection betw. the subject and a predicate noun ἡμεῖς ναὸς θεοῦ ἐσμεν ζῶντος we are a temple of the living God 2 Cor 6:16. ἡ ἐπιστολὴ ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are our letter (of recommendation) 3:2. σφραγίς μου τῆς ἀποστολῆς ὑμεῖς ἐστε you are the seal of my apostleship 1 Cor 9:2 and oft.

ⓒ in explanations:

α. to show how someth. is to be understood is a representation of, is the equivalent of; εἰμί here, too, serves as copula; we usually translate mean, so in the formula τοῦτʼ ἔστιν this or that means, that is to say (Epict., Ench. 33, 10; Arrian, Tact. 29, 3; SIG 880, 50; PFlor 157, 4; PSI 298, 9; PMert 91, 9; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 16; ApcMos 19; Just., D. 56, 23; 78, 3 al.) Mk 7:2; Ac 19:4; Ro 7:18; 9:8; 10:6, 8; Phlm 12; Hb 7:5 al.; in the sense that is (when translated) (Polyaenus 8, 14, 1 Μάξιμος ἀνηγορεύθη• τοῦτο δʼ ἄν εἴη Μέγιστον) Mt 27:46; Ac 1:19. So also w. relative pron.: ὅ ἐστιν Mk 3:17; 7:11, 34; Hb 7:2. After verbs of asking, recognizing, knowing and not knowing (Antiphanes Com. 231, 1f τὸ ζῆν τί ἐστι;) μάθετε τί ἐστιν learn what (this) means Mt 9:13. εἰ ἐγνώκειτε τί ἐστιν 12:7; cp. Mk 1:27; 9:10; Lk 20:17; J 16:17f; Eph 4:9. W. an indir. question (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀγύλλα: τὶς ἠρώτα τί ἂν εἴη τὸ ὄνομα) τί ἂν εἴη ταῦτα Lk 15:26; τί εἴη τοῦτο 18:36. τίνα θέλει ταῦτα εἶναι what this means Ac 17:20; cp. 2:12, where the question is not about the mng. of terms but the significance of what is happening.—Esp. in interpr. of the parables (Artem. 1, 51 p. 48, 26 ἄρουρα οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἐστὶν ἢ γυνή=field means nothing else than woman) ὁ ἀγρός ἐστιν ὁ κόσμος the field means the world Mt 13:38; cp. vss. 19f, 22f; Mk 4:15f, 18, 20; Lk 8:11ff (cp. Gen 41:26f; Ezk 37:11; Ath. 22, 4 [Stoic interpr. of myths]). On τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19 and its various interpretations, see lit. s.v. εὐχαριστία. Cp. Hipponax (VI B.C.) 45 Diehl αὕτη γάρ ἐστι συμφορή=this means misfortune.

β. to be of relative significance, be of moment or importance, amount to someth. w. indef. pron. εἰδωλόθυτόν τί ἐστιν meat offered to idols means anything 1 Cor 10:19. Esp. εἰμί τι I mean someth. of pers. 1 Cor 3:7; Gal 2:6; 6:3; and of things vs. 15. εἰμί τις Ac 5:36.—Of no account ἐμοὶ εἰς ἐλάχιστόν ἐστιν (telescoped fr. ἐλάχ. ἐστιν and εἰς ἐλάχ. γίνεται, of which there are many exx. in Schmid, I 398; II 161, 237; III 281; IV 455) it is of little or no importance to me 1 Cor 4:3.

③ be in reference to location, persons, condition, or time, be

ⓐ of various relations or positions involving a place or thing: w. ἀπό: εἶναι ἀπό τινος be or come from a certain place (X., An. 2, 4, 13) J 1:44.—W. ἐν: ἐν τοῖς τ. πατρός μου in my father’s house Lk 2:49 (cp. Jos., Ant. 16, 302 καταγωγὴ ἐν τοῖς Ἀντιπάτρου). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way Mk 10:32. ἐν τῇ ἐρήμῳ Mt 24:26. ἐν ἀγρῷ Lk 15:25. ἐν δεξιᾷ τ. θεοῦ at God’s right hand Ro 8:34; in heaven Eph 6:9.—W. εἰς: τὴν κοίτην Lk 11:7; τὸν κόλπον J1:18.—W. ἐπὶ w. gen. be on someth. of place, roof Lk 17:31; head J 20:7 (cp. 1 Macc 1:59); also fig., of one who is over someone (1 Macc 10:69; Jdth 14:13 ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων τῶν αὐτοῦ) Ro 9:5 (of the angel of death Mel., P. 20, 142 ἐπὶ τῶν πρωτοτόκων); also ἐπάνω τινός J 3:31.—W. dat. be at someth. the door Mt 24:33; Mk 13:29.—W. acc. be on someone: grace Lk 2:40; Ac 4:33; spirit (Is 61:1) Lk 2:25; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτό be in the same place, together (Gen 29:2 v.l.) Ac 1:15; 2:1, 44; 1 Cor 7:5.—W. κατά w. acc. εἶναι κατὰ τὴν Ἰουδαίαν be in Judea Ac 11:1; εἶναι ἐν Ἀντιοχείᾳ κατὰ τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν were at Antioch in the congregation there 13:1.—W. ὑπό w. acc. τι or τινα of place be under someth. J 1:48; 1 Cor 10:1.—W. παρά w. acc. παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν by the sea- (i.e. lake-) shore Mk 5:21; Ac 10:6.—W. πρός τι be close to, facing someth. Mk 4:1.—W. adv. of place ἐγγύς τινι near someth. Ac 9:38; 27:8. μακρὰν (ἀπό) Mk 12:34; J 21:8; Eph 2:13; also πόρρω Lk 14:32. χωρίς τινος without someth. Hb 12:8. ἐνθάδε Ac 16:28. ἔσω J 20:26. ἀπέναντί τινος Ro 3:18 (Ps 35:2). ἐκτός τινος 1 Cor 6:18; ἀντίπερά τινος Lk 8:26; ὁμοῦ J 21:2; οὗ Mt 2:9; ὅπου Mk 2:4; 5:40. ὧδε Mt 17:4; Mk 9:5; Lk 9:33. Also w. fut. mng. (ESchwartz, GGN 1908, 161 n.; on the fut. use of the pres. cp. POxy 531, 22 [II A.D.] ἔστι δὲ τοῦ Τῦβι μηνὸς σοὶ ὸ̔ θέλεις) ὅπου εἰμί J 7:34, 36; 12:26; 14:3; 17:24. As pred., to denote a relatively long stay at a place, stay, reside ἴσθι ἐκεῖ stay there Mt 2:13, cp. vs. 15; ἐπʼ ἐρήμοις τόποις in lonely places Mk 1:45; ἦν παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν he stayed by the lakeside 5:21.

ⓑ involving humans or transcendent beings: w. adv. ἔμπροσθέν τινος Lk 14:2. ἔναντί τινος Ac 8:21; ἐνώπιόν τινος Lk 14:10; Ac 4:19; 1 Pt 3:4; Rv 7:15; ἐντός τινος Lk 17:21; ἐγγύς τινος J 11:18; 19:20; Ro 10:8 (Dt 30:14).—W. prep. ἐν τινί equiv. to ἔκ τινος εἶναι be among Mt 27:56; cp. Mk 15:40; Ro 1:6. Of God, who is among his people 1 Cor 14:25 (Is 45:14; Jer 14:9); of the Spirit J 14:17. Of persons under Christ’s direction: ἐν θεῷ 1J 2:5; 5:20 (s. Norden, Agn. Th. 23, 1). ἔν τινι rest upon, arise from someth. (Aristot., Pol. 7, 1, 3 [1323b, 1] ἐν ἀρετῇ; Sir 9:16) Ac 4:12; 1 Cor 2:5; Eph 5:18.—εἴς τινα be directed, inclined toward Ac 23:30; 2 Cor 7:15; 1 Pt 1:21.—κατά w. gen. be against someone (Sir 6:12) Mt 12:30; Mk 9:40 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. ὑπέρ); Gal 5:23.—σύν τινι be with someone (Jos., Ant. 7, 181) Lk 22:56; 24:44; Ac 13:7; accompany, associate w. someone Lk 8:38; Ac 4:13; 22:9; take sides with someone (X., Cyr. 5, 4, 37; 7, 5, 77; Jos., Ant. 11, 259 [of God]) Ac 14:4.—πρός τινα be with someone Mt 13:56; Mk 6:3; J 1:1f. I am to be compared w. IMg 12.—μετά and gen. be with someone (Judg 14:11) Mt 17:17; Mk 3:14; 5:18; J 3:26; 12:17; ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη AcPlCor 2:40; of God, who is with someone (Gen 21:20; Judg 6:13 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 4; Jos., Ant. 6, 181; 15, 138) Lk 1:66; J 3:2; 8:29; Ac 10:38 al.; also be with in the sense be favorable to, in league with (Ex 23:2) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23; of punishment attending a pers. τὸ πῦρ ἐστι μετʼ αὐτοῦ AcPlCor 2:37.—παρά and gen. come from someone (X., An. 2, 4, 15; Just., D. 8, 4 ἔλεος παρὰ θεοῦ) fr. God J 6:46; 7:29; w. dat. be with, among persons Mt 22:25; Ac 10:6. W. neg. be strange to someone, there is no … in someone Ro 2:11; 9:14; Eph 6:9.—ὑπέρ w. gen. be on one’s side Mk 9:4 and Lk 9:50 (both opp. κατά); w. acc. be superior to (Sir 25:10; 30:16) Lk 6:40.

ⓒ of condition or circumstance: κατά w. acc. live in accordance with (Sir 28:10; 43:8; 2 Macc 9:20) κατὰ σάκρα, πνεῦμα Ro 8:5. οὐκ ἔστιν κατὰ ἄνθρωπον not human (in origin) Gal 1:11.—Fig. ὑπό w. acc. be under (the power of) someth. Ro 3:9; 6:14f; Gal 3:10, 25.—W. ἐν of existing ἐν τῷ θεῷ εἶναι of humankind: have its basis of existence in God Ac 17:28. Of states of being: ἐν δόξῃ 2 Cor 3:8; ἐν εἰρήνῃ Lk 11:21; ἐν ἔχθρᾳ at enmity 23:12; ἐν κρίματι under condemnation vs. 40. ἐν ῥύσει αἵματος suffer from hemorrhages Mk 5:25; Lk 8:43 (cp. Soph., Aj. 271 ἦν ἐν τῇ νόσῳ; cp. TestJob 35:1 ἐν πληγαῖς πολλαῖς). Periphrastically for an adj. ἐν ἐξουσίᾳ authoritative Lk 4:32. ἐν βάρει important 1 Th 2:7. ἐν τῇ πίστει true believers, believing 2 Cor 13:5. Be involved in someth. ἐν ἑορτῇ be at the festival=take part in it J 2:23. ἐν τούτοις ἴσθι devote yourself to these things 1 Ti 4:15 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 8, 7 ἐν τοιούτοις ὄντες=occupied w. such things; Jos., Ant. 2, 346 ἐν ὕμνοις ἦσαν=they occupied themselves w. the singing of hymns).—Fig., live in the light 1J 2:9; cp. vs. 11; 1 Th 5:4; in the flesh Ro 7:5; 8:8; AcPlCor 1:6. ἐν οἷς εἰμι in the situation in which I find myself Phil 4:11 (X., Hell. 4, 2, 1; Diod S 12, 63, 5; 12, 66, 4; Appian, Hann. 55 §228 ἐν τούτοις ἦν=he was in this situation; Jos., Ant. 7, 232 ἐν τούτοις ἦσαν=found themselves in this sit.; TestJob 35:6 ἐν τίνι ἐστίν; s. ZPE VIII 170). ἐν πολλοῖς ὢν ἀστοχήμασι AcPlCor 2:1. Of characteristics, emotions, etc. ἔν τινί ἐστιν, e.g. ἀδικία J 7:18; ἄγνοια Eph 4:18; ἀλήθεια J 8:44; 2 Cor 11:10 (cp. 1 Macc 7:18); ἁμαρτία 1J 3:5.

ⓓ of time ἐγγύς of καιρός be near Mt 26:18; Mk 13:28. πρὸς ἑσπέραν ἐστίν it is toward evening Lk 24:29 (Just., D. 137, 4 πρὸς δυσμὰς … ὁ ἥλιός ἐστι).

④ to be alive in a period of time, live, denoting temporal existence (Hom., Trag., Thu. et al.; Sir 42:21; En 102:5 Philo, De Jos. 17; Jos., Ant. 7, 254) εἰ ἤμεθα ἐν ταῖς ἡμέραις τῶν πατέρων ἡμῶν if we had lived in the days of our fathers Mt 23:30. ὅτι οὐκ εἰσὶν because they were no more 2:18 (Jer 38:15). ἦσαν ἐπὶ χρόνον ἱκανόν (those who were healed and raised by Christ) remained alive for quite some time Qua.