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21 περκνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `spotted, having dark spots', also as name of a kind of eagle (Ω 316, Hp., Arist.).Derivatives: ἐπί-περκνος `somewhat spotted' (X.,; Strömberg Prefix Studies 105). - Beside it πέρκος m. `kind of eagle' (Arist.), πέρκη f. `redfin perch, Perca fluviatilis' (Emp., Com., Arist.) with - ίς, - ίον, - ίδιον (Com., pap., Dsc.); περκάς adj. f., attribute of κίχλη, prob. as fishname (Eratosth.). Denominatives. a. περκάζω, - ομαι, also w. ὑπο-, ἐπι-, ἐν-, `to start getting dark spots, to start ripening', act. also `to colour dark' (η 126, Thphr., LXX); b. περκαίνω, - ομαι ( ἐμ-) `id.' (E., H.); c. ἀπο-περκόομαι `to become dark', of ripening grapes (S. Fr. 255, 6). Here περκώματα τὰ ἐπὶ τοῦ προσώπου ποικίλματα H.; after Krahe IF 58, 225 also Περκώτη f. town in Mysia. -- Beside it 1. with zerograde: πρακνόν μέλανα H.; 2. with diff., prob. secondary full grade: πρεκνόν ποικιλόχροον ἔλαφον H., to which 3. with o-ablaut πρόξ, - κός f. (s. v.) and προκάς f. `deer- or roe-like animal', Πρόκνη PN "the nightingale" or "swallow", Radke P.-W. 23, 250; 4. with lengthened grade πρωξ, - κός f. `drop of dew' (s. v.).Etymology: The substantival πέρκος, πέρκη presuppose an adj. *περκός, to which f. περκάς, as λεῦκος, λεύκη from λευκός, f. λευκάς. From *περκός also περκ-άζω, - αίνω, - όομαι (like λευκ-αίνω a.o.). Beside it with ν-suffix περκ-νός like the synonymous ἐρεμ-νός, κελαι-νός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 194; cf. below). -- Old inherited family with representatives in several languages, where esp. the many animal names are remarkable. With πρακνόν agree except for the ending both Skt. pŕ̥śni-'spotted, variegated' as a Germ. name of the trout, OHG forhana (to which with l-suffix the dimin. Forelle), OE forn(e) f., IE *pr̥ḱ-n-. A full grade agreement gives the Swed. fishname färna f., IE *perḱ-n- like περκ-ν-ός. With *περκός, πέρκος a Celt. word can be identified: MIr. erc (Wesh erch) `spotted, dark-red', as subst. `salmon, trout', also `cow, lizard'. -- Another representative is the Germ. word for `vatiegated, colourful' and `colour' in OHG faro, farawa, IE *porḱ-u̯ó-; one must certainly also consider Lat. pulc(h)er `beautiful' from * pelc-ro-s or * polc-ro-s (with dissim.); IE *perḱ-, resp. *porḱ- or *pr̥ḱ-. On the formation also Borgström NTS 16, 141 f. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 45 f., Pok. 820f., W.-Hofmann s. pulc(h)er and 2. porcus. Older lit. also in Bq. Cf. also πάπραξ.Page in Frisk: 2,515-516Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > περκνός
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22 Ἄρειος
Ἄρειος πάγος, ὁ (Ἄριος π. Tdf.—Hdt. 8, 52 et al.; Diod S 11, 77, 6; Paus., Attic. 1, 28, 5; Meisterhans3-Schw. 43, 3; 47, 21; SIG index IV) the Areopagus or Hill of Ares (Ares, the Gk. god of war = Rom. Mars, hence the older ‘Mars’ Hill’), northwest of the Acropolis in Athens Ac 17:19, 22. But the A. is to be understood here less as a place (where speakers were permitted to hold forth freely, and listeners were always at hand) than as the council, which met on the hill (ἐπὶ τὸν Ἀ.=before the A.; cp. 16:19, 17:6). For the opp. view s. MDibelius below. In Rom. times it was the most important governmental body in Athens; whether its functions included that of supervising education, particularly of controlling the many visiting lecturers (Thalheim [s. below] 632; Gärtner [s. below] 56ff), cannot be determined w. certainty.—Thalheim in Pauly-W. II 1896, 627ff; ECurtius, Pls. in Athen: SBBerlAk 1893, 925ff; WFerguson, Klio 9, 1909, 325–30; Ramsay, Bearing 101ff; AWikenhauser, Die AG 1921, 351ff; Beginn. IV ’33, 212f; JAdams, Paul at Athens: Rev. and Exp. 32, ’35, 50–56; MDibelius, Pls. auf d. Areopag. ’39; WSchmid, Philol 95, ’42, 79–120; MPohlenz, Pls. u. d. Stoa: ZNW 42, ’49, 69–104; NStonehouse, The Areopagus Address ’49; HHommel, Neue Forschungen zur Areopagrede: ZNW 46, ’55, 145–78; BGärtner, The Areopagus Speech and Natural Revelation ’55; EHaenchen, AG ’56, 457–74; WNauck, ZTK 53, ’56, 11–52; BAFCS II 447f.—DELG s.v. Ἄρης. -
23 θρῦλος
θρῦλος, θρύλλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `murmer' (Batr., Orph., pap.).Derivatives: Beside it θρυλέω (- λλ-) `boast, brag', also with δια- and other prefixes, (Att.) with πολυ-θρύλ(λ)η-τος `much discussed' (Pl., Plb.), θρύλημα `talking, boast' (LXX); also θρυλίζω `produce a wrong tone on the cithara' (h. Merc. 488; cod. θρυαλ- [metr. better] = θρυλλ- ?) with θρυλισμός, - ιγμός (D. H.).Etymology: While it seems most obvious to assume that θρυλέω was derived from θρῦλος, both the dates and the frequency refute this. Rather θρυλέω was formed after the many (denominative, deverbative or primary) sound-verbs in - έω, e. g. κομπέω, κελαδέω, βομβέω, δουπέω, ῥοιβδέω (Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5), from which the rare and late θρῦλος was a backformation. It seems obvious that θρυλέω had connections with θρέ(Ϝ)ομαι, θόρυβος, τονθορύζω. One suggests that it is a zero grade λ-deriv. of IE dh(e)- reu- (Pok. 255), only this root is badly attested, though there is Gr. θρέομαι. "Ob man durch eine solche rein grammatische Analyse einem Schallausdruck gerecht wird, scheint immerhin etwas fraglich" (Frisk). - The often found notation - λλ- can be an expressive gemination.- Fur. 237, 281 separates the word from the IE forms and connects θόρυβος, with variant *θρυϜ-.Page in Frisk: 1,687-688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρῦλος
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24 θρύλλος
θρῦλος, θρύλλοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `murmer' (Batr., Orph., pap.).Derivatives: Beside it θρυλέω (- λλ-) `boast, brag', also with δια- and other prefixes, (Att.) with πολυ-θρύλ(λ)η-τος `much discussed' (Pl., Plb.), θρύλημα `talking, boast' (LXX); also θρυλίζω `produce a wrong tone on the cithara' (h. Merc. 488; cod. θρυαλ- [metr. better] = θρυλλ- ?) with θρυλισμός, - ιγμός (D. H.).Etymology: While it seems most obvious to assume that θρυλέω was derived from θρῦλος, both the dates and the frequency refute this. Rather θρυλέω was formed after the many (denominative, deverbative or primary) sound-verbs in - έω, e. g. κομπέω, κελαδέω, βομβέω, δουπέω, ῥοιβδέω (Schwyzer 726 w. n. 5), from which the rare and late θρῦλος was a backformation. It seems obvious that θρυλέω had connections with θρέ(Ϝ)ομαι, θόρυβος, τονθορύζω. One suggests that it is a zero grade λ-deriv. of IE dh(e)- reu- (Pok. 255), only this root is badly attested, though there is Gr. θρέομαι. "Ob man durch eine solche rein grammatische Analyse einem Schallausdruck gerecht wird, scheint immerhin etwas fraglich" (Frisk). - The often found notation - λλ- can be an expressive gemination.- Fur. 237, 281 separates the word from the IE forms and connects θόρυβος, with variant *θρυϜ-.Page in Frisk: 1,687-688Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρύλλος
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25 ῥάπτω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sew (together), to stitch, to instigate' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ῥάψαι (Il.), aor. 2 ἔρραφον (Nonn.), pass. ῥαφῆναι, fut. ῥάψω, perf. pass. ἔρραμμαι (IA.), plusqu. act. ἐρραφήκει (X. Eph.).Dialectal forms: m. *ῥαπτήρ in Myc. rapte(re) ?; s. Morpurgo Lex. s.v. w. lit.; diff. Heubeck IF 64, 119ff. (Myc. warapisiro = Ϝράψιλος??).Derivatives: 1. Nom. actionis: ῥαφή (also συν-, κατα- ῥάπτω a.o.) f. `hem, seam' (χ 186; - φ- here and in the foll. analog.); ῥάμμα n. `id.' (Pi., IA.). 2. Nom. agentis: ῥαφεύς m. `sewer, stitcher, instigator' (A., Poll.; after Bosshardt 40 from ῥαφή); ῥάπτης m. `stitcher' with - τικός (late), f. ῥάπτρια (Eust.), περι- ῥάπτω m. of a priestess in Piraeus (inscr.); ῥαπτήρ s. ab. on Myc.; δικο-ρράφ-ος m. `hack lawyer' (D. Chr. a.o.) with - ρραφέω `to instigate a lawsuit' (Ar.), - ρραφία (Man.). 3. Nom. instr. ῥαφίς, - ίδος f. `sewing needle' (Hp., Archipp., hell.) with ῥαφιδ-εύς m., - εια f. `stitcher (m\/f)', - ευτής m. `id.', - ευτός (LXX), - ᾶς m. `id.' (pap. IVp); cf. Boßhardt 40; ῥαφίς also fishname = βελόνη (Arist., Opp.; Strömberg Fischn. 37); beside it ῥαπίς as fishn. (Epich 51 as v. l.), = κρηπίς (H., EM). 4. Vbaladj. ῥαπτός `stitched, sewn together' (ω 228f.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17). 5. ` Ραψώ f. n. of a goddess or nymph (Phaleron IVa). - On ῥαψῳδός s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: With ράπτω with generalized zero grade(?) may agree Lith. verpiù, ver̃pti `spin' except for the ablaut: IE *u̯erp- ῥάπτω u̯r̥p-; beside it with zero grade Lith. vir̃pti (vìrpti), virpė́ti `tremble, shudder, vibrate'; for the meaning cf. Latv. virpêt `spin with a spindle', also `shudder', vḕrpt `spin, turn round about'. On Skt. (RV) várpas- n. (adduced by Schrader KZ 30, 481) is because of the uncertain meaning (prob. `figure, apparition'; also `change', even `artifice'?) no judgement possible. However, as the Myc. form has no w-, the etym. cannot be correct. -- On the many derivv. of the Balt. verbs, which are uninteresting for Greek, s. Fraenkel s. ver̃pti and virpė́ti w. rich lit.; older lit. in Bq. -- Further cf. ῥέπω, ῥέμβομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,643Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥάπτω
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26 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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27 προσέρχομαι
+ V 47-18-6-16-26=113 Gn 29,10; 42,24; 43,19; Ex 12,48(bis)to come to, to go to [τινι] Lv 19,33; id. [πρός τινα] Gn 42,24; to come, to approach, to draw near [abs.] Gn 29,10; to come near to (of man and woman in sexual relations) [τινι] Ex 19,15; to approach, to draw nigh to [εἴς τι] Nm 18,22; id. [πρός τι] Lv 9,7; to go up to [ἐπί τι] 2 Mc 13,26προσέλθωσιν εἰς κρίσιν they came forward to judgement Dt 25,1; μὴ προσέλθῃς μοι περὶ αὐτῶν do not approach me for them, do not intercede with me for them Jer 7,16often used in cultic sense: to draw near (to offer gifts) Lv 21,17; to approach (the Lord) [ἐναντίον τινί]Ex 16,9ἐὰν δέ τις προσέλθῃ πρὸς ὑμᾶς προσήλυτος ποιῆσαι τὸ πάσχα if any proselyte shall come to you to keep the passover Ex 12,48, see προσήλυτος *2 Chr 24,27 προσῆλθον they came near-⋄קרב for MT רב/ו and the many?; *Ps 63(64),7 προσελεύσεται he shall come near-ָקַרב ְו for MT ֶקֶרב ְו and the intestines, the inner parts (of man or woman), the thoughts; *DnLXX 9,22 καὶ προσῆλθε and he came near-ויבא for MT ויבן and he made to understandsee πρόσειμιCf. EDWARDS 1987, 65-67; HELBING 1928, 290; LE BOULLUEC 1989 51.154; LEE, J. 1983, 91; ROST1967, 119-121; WEVERS 1990, 193; →NIDNTT; PREISIGKE; TWNT -
28 οἰκέω
οἰκέω, [dialect] Ep. [full] οἰκείω Hes.Th. 330, [dialect] Locr. [full] ϝοικέω IG9(1).334.29 ; [dialect] Aeol. [tense] pres. part.Aοἴκεις Alc.69
; Arg. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] pres. opt. : [tense] impf.ᾤκεον Il.20.218
, al., [dialect] Att. ᾤκουν, [dialect] Ion.οἴκεον Hdt.1.57
: [tense] fut. (lyr.): [tense] aor.ᾤκησα Hdt.1.1
: [tense] pf. :— [voice] Pass. and [voice] Med., [tense] fut. οἰκήσομαι in med. sense, Men.Rh.p.363 S. ; but in pass., v. A. 11: [tense] aor.ᾠκήθην Il.2.668
, etc. ;ᾠκησάμην Aristid.1.103
J.: [tense] pf. ᾤκημαι as [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. οἰκέαται, v. A.1.2, 3: ([etym.] οἶκος):A trans., inhabit,ὑπωρείας ᾤκεον πολυπίδακος Ἴδης Il.20.218
(elsewh. in Hom. always intr., v. infr. B) ;οἰ. τοῦτον τὸν χῶρον Hdt.1.1
, cf. 175, etc. ;οἰ. δόμους A.Supp. 961
; : metaph., οἰ. αἰῶνα καὶ μοῖραν have, enjoy, E.l.c.:—[voice] Pass., to be inhabited,οἰκέοιτο πόλις Πριάμοιο Il.4.18
;ἐς γῆν.. οἰκουμένην S.Ph. 221
; διὰ τῆς οἰκεομένης through the inhabited country, Hdt.2.32 ;ὁδοιπόρεον ἐς τὴν οἰκεομένην Id.4.110
; τὰς ἄλλας πόλιας οἰκεομένας μηδὲν ἧσσον although inhabited no less than before, Id.1.170 : for ἡ οἰκουμένη, v. sub voce.2 colonize, settle in,τὰς πλείστας τῶν νήσων Th.1.8
, cf. 2.27, etc. ; πόλιν prob. in E.Fr.360.11 ; νῆσον οἰκῆσαι, i.e. to be deported, POxy.1101.24 (iv A. D.) : in [tense] pf. [voice] Pass., to be settled in, occupy,τοῖσι τὰς νήσους οἰκημένοισι Ἴωσι Hdt.1.27
; αἱ δύο [ πόλιες] νήσους οἰκέαται ib. 142 (cf. infr. 3).3 in [voice] Pass., to be settled, of men or tribes to whom new abodes are assigned,τριχθὰ ᾤκηθεν καταφυλαδόν Il.2.668
: [dialect] Ion. [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. οἴκημαι, as [tense] pres., οἱ ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ οἰκημένοι Ἕλληνες those who have been settled, i.e. those who dwell.., Hdt.1.27 ; οἱ ἐντὸς Ἅλυος ποταμοῦ οἰ. ib.28, cf. 8.115 ; also of cities, to be situated, lie,παρ' ὃν [ποταμὸν] Νίνος πόλις οἴκητο Id.1.193
.II manage, direct a household or a state, S.OC 1535 (dub. sens.), E.El. 386, Th.3.37 ; : metaph., μὴ τὸν ἐμὸν οἴκει νοῦν don't manage.., E.Fr. 144 :— [voice] Pass., εὖ οἰκούμεναι πόλεις well governed, Id.Hipp. 486 ; μετρίως, ὀρθῶς, ἄριστα οἰ., Pl.Lg. 936b, R. 371c, 520d, etc. ;πατρίδος τετυχηκὼς ἣ νόμοις.. μάλιστα οἰκεῖσθαι δοκεῖ D.21.150
: [tense] fut. οἰκήσεται in pass. sense, , cf. Pl.La. 185a, Aeschin.1.22, D.58.62, Arist.Pol. 1284b38.B intr., dwell, live, of persons, families, or tribes, have their abodes, settlements, in Hom. and Hdt. generally withἐν.., ᾤκεον δ' ἐν Πλευρῶνι Il.14.116
, cf. Od.9.200, 400 ;οἴκεε ἐν Πίνδῳ Hdt.1.56
, cf. A. Ag. 1234, Ar.Av. 967 (Orac.), Antipho5.78 ; esp. of metics,ἐγ Κολλυτῷ οἰκοῦντι IG12.373.60
, al. ;κατὰ στέγας E. Ion 314
;ὑπὸ χθονός Id.Fr. 450
: after Hom. with dat. (loc.) alone,Σαλαμῖνι IG12.1.2
(vi B. C.) ;οὐρανῷ Pi.N.10.58
; ;ἐλθόνθ' ἁγνὸν ἐς Θήβης πέδον οἰ. Eub.10
;παρὰ κρημνοῖσιν Pi.P.3.34
;παρὰ ὄχθον E.IT 1098
(lyr.) ; οἰ. μετά τινος, = συνοικεῖν τινι, S.OT 414, 990 ; κέρδη μὲν οἰκήσαντα.. having fixed my dwelling [ there] with gain to my hosts, Id.OC92 ; τὸ τὴν φροντίδ' ἔξω τῶν κακῶν οἰκεῖν γλυκύ sweet it is for the mind to keep free from cares, Id.OT 1390 ; ἐπὶ προστάτου οἰ. (v. προστάτης) Lys.31.9.II of cities, to be situated, Hdt.2.166, X.HG 7.1.3, 7.5 5; but τὴν πόλιν σποράδην καὶ κατὰ κώμας οἰκοῦσαν formed of detached villages, Isoc.10.35, cf. 4.39 (so in [voice] Pass., X.An.1.4.1).2 to be governed or administered, τίς τῶν πόλεων διὰ σὲ βέλτιον ᾤκησεν ; Pl.R. 599d, cf. 462d, 472e, 473a, 543a, al.: freq. hardly distinguishable from the [voice] Pass. (supr. A. II) ; σωφρόνως γε οἰκοῦσα [ πόλις] εὖ ἂν οἰκοῖτο a state administered by self-control would be well governed, Id.Chrm.162a ;ἀρετῆς, ᾗ πόλεις τε καὶ οἶκοι εὖ οἰκοῦσι X.Mem.1.2.64
; εἰς ὀλίγους, εἰς πλείους οἰκεῖν, to be governed in the interest of the few or the many, Th.2.37. -
29 γλαῦξ
γλαῦξ, - κόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `the little owl, Athene noctua' (Com., Arist.).Other forms: LSJ notes γλαύξ. There is also a γλαύξ `wart cress' (Dsc.) which is also given as γλάξ (Hdn. Gr. 1.395 etc.)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: By the ancients derived from γλαυκός; rejected by Thompson Birds s. v. as folketymology; thus also Pötscher (s.s.v. γλαυκῶπις). Some bird names with k-suffix noted by Specht Ursprung 204 (IE?); note πέρδιξ and the many Pre-Greek words in -ξ (Beekes, Pre-Greek on word end). Etym. unknown. The variation in the word for `cress' points to a Pre-Greek word (which is anyhow probable), but it is not sure that the words have the same origin.Page in Frisk: 1,311Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλαῦξ
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30 εἰλύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wind around, envelop, cover' (Il.)Other forms: (Arat. 432; καταείλυον v. l. Ψ 135 for - νυον, - νυσαν), perf. med. εἴλῡμαι, fut. κὰδ δέ... \/ εἰλύσω Φ 319, aor. κατ-ειλύσαντε (A. R. 3, 206); εἰλύομαι `wind itself and curl, sneak forward' (S. Ph. 291 and 702, `swarm' (Com.), aor. pass. ἐλύσθη `rolled', ἐλυσθείς, Theoc. 25, 246 therefor εἰλυθείς; A. R. 3, 296 εἰλυμένος).Compounds: Some prefixed compounds: κατ-ειλύω (Hdt.), δι-ειλυσθεῖσα `sneaking through' (A. R. 4, 35), ἐξ-ειλυσθέντες (Theoc. 24, 17), συν-ειλύω (EM 333, 42).Derivatives: From ἐλῠ-: ἔλῠ-τρον `envelop, shell, container' (Ion.-Att.) with ἐλυτρόομαι (Hp.); ἔλῡμα `plough-beam' (Hes., length sec., s. below), in H. also = νύσσα (`turning point in a career') καὶ τὸ ἱμάτιον, cf. εἴλυμα; ἔλῠμος a Phrygian pipe (S., Com.), in H. also `envelop'; ἔλυστα ἄμπελος μέλαινα H. (- σ- as in ἐλύσθη, s. below); deverbative ἐλύσσει εἰλεῖται H. - From εἰλῡ-: εἴλῡμα `envelop' (ζ 179 etc., cf. ἔλυμα); εἰλυθμός `hiding-place, hole' (Nic.), ap. H. = ἕλκος, τρόμος (to εἰλύομαι); εἰλυός = εἰλεός s. v.; εἴλυσις `sneaking forward' (sch. on εἰλύομαι); εἰλύτας, ἐλλύτας name of a cake' (inscr., H., ἐλύτης gramm.; s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 171f.); deverbat. εἰλύσσεται εἰλεῖται H. (cf. ἐλύσσει) with εἰλυστήριον (gloss.). - From ἀλῠ- (zero grade): ἅλυσις, ἀλύτας, s. vv. - S. also πέλλυτρον and γολύριον.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1140] *u̯el-u- `envelop, cover'Etymology: The gloss γέλουτρον ἔλυτρον, ἤγουν λέπυρον H. gives PGr. Ϝέλυ-τρον, identical with Skt. varu-tra- n. `Obergewand' (gramm.). εἰλύω can be from PGr. *Ϝελ-ν-ύ-ω and agree with Skt. vr̥ṇóti `envelop, cover' (IE *u̯l̥-ne-u-ti); but the Greek word is late and rare which makes the identification less probable, s. below. Disyllabic Ϝελυ- in (Ϝ)ελύ-σ-θη etc. (with analogical - σ-; Schwyzer 761) also in Arm. gelu-m `turn' (formation not certain) and in Lat. volvō; an iterative formation of it is Goth. walwjan, OE wealwian `revolve (onself)'. Note (Ϝ)έλῡ-μα with the same sec. long vowel as Lat. volūmen; further Arm. gelumn `turning'. - In the Greek system the perfect εἴλῡμαι \< *Ϝέ-Ϝλῡ-μαι (with long vowel; Ϝ- uncertain s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 131 and Schwyzer 649e) was important; both in (late) εἰλῦσαι and εἰλυσθείς and in the many nouns in εἰλῡ- it was decisive. - Ample discussion (partly diff.) in Solmsen Unt. 232ff.Page in Frisk: 1,461-462Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰλύω
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31 εἰρήνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `peace, time of peace' (Il.), cf. Trümpy Fachausdrücke 183ff., later `peace-treaty', in the LXX also `(wish) of blessing' as Hebraism (Wackernagel IF 31, 263f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1240f.); as name of a goddess daughter of Zeus and Themis (Hes.).Other forms: ἰράνα (Dor., Boeot., Arc. etc.), also ἰρήνα (Gort. IIa: χ[ἱ]ρήνας gen.; asp. sec.), ἰρείνα Thess.), εἰρήνα (Delph. IVa, Pi., B.), εἰράνα (NWGgr. etc.), εἴρηνᾰ (Aeol., gramm.), Εἰρήνα, - άνη (EN, Lycia)Compounds: As 1. member in εἰρηνο-ποιός (X.) a. o.Derivatives: εἰρηναῖος `peaceful' (Hdt.), εἰρηνικός `belonging to peace' (Att. hell.; after πολεμικός; Chantraine, Études sur le vocab. grec 151); denomin. verb εἰρηνεύω `keep peace, live in peace' (Pl.) with εἰρήνευσις (Iamb.), εἰρηνέω `id.' (Arist., after πολεμέω). - On the Lacon. PN Ϝειράνα s. Kretschmer Glotta 7, 332, Bechtel Άντίδωρον 155.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The many dialect forms cannot be combined under one form but must be loans with incomplete adaptation (Leumann Hom. Wörter 277 w. n. 27). The original anlaut is perh. after a hesitating suggestion of Wackernagel IF 25, 327 n. 1 (Kl. Schr. 1023 a. 1) a in Ionic and elsewhere pronounced open ἰ̄ρ-, which was in Attic first rendered by ἐ-, later by εἰρ-; the Attic orthography became dominant. The meaning of - ρήνη, -ρά̄νᾱ etc. is uncertain; cf. Schwyzer 189. - No etymology; Pre-Greek origin is very prob. already because of the ending ( Άθήνη, Μυκήνη etc.); thus e. g. Chantraine Formation 206). - Further see Brugmann and Keil Sächs. Ber. 68: 3, 4 (1916); Kretschmer Glotta 10, 238f.; further Trümpy l.c.Page in Frisk: 1,467Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εἰρήνη
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32 κυέω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: κυήσω (Hdt.), κυῆσαι (IA.), κεκύηκα (hell.), κυηθῆναι, - θήσεσθαι (late); older aorist κῡ́σασθαι (Il.) with causal active κῦσαι (A.), younger present κύω (since Arist., LXX); also κυί̄σκομαι, -ω (IA.);Compounds: sometimes with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, συγ-κυέομαι, - κυίσκομαι (- ίσκω), ὑπο-κυσαμένη (Il.).Derivatives: Verbal nouns: κύημα `foetus, embryo' (IA.), - ησις `conception, pregnancy, embryo' (Pl., Arist., Thphr.), κύος n. = κύημα (Ar. Fr. 609, inscr. Keos) with κυόεις (Kos, IIIa); ἀπο-κυη-τικός `capable of giving birth' (Astrol.), κυητήριος `promoting pregnancy' (Hp.), κυήτωρ `begetter' (Cyran.; of a bird); κυηρόν ἔγκυον, ἁπαλόν, βλαστόν H. Compp., e.g. κυο-φορέω `be pregnant, be with young' with - φορία, - ησις (LXX, med. etc.), - φόρος (pap., EM); ἔγ-κυος `pregnant' (Ion., Arist.); κύ-ουρα f. name of a plant, which was used to procure abortion (Stob.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 95).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [592] *ḱuh₂- `swell'Etymology: On κῦμα ( ἐγ-κύμων), κύριος ( κῦρος) s. vv. With κυέω can be equated Skt. śváyati `be or become great, strong, powerful, get strong, increase': IE. *ḱuh₂-éi̯e-(ti), (Schulze KZ 27, 605 = Kl. Schr. 363); h₂ is shown by κύαρ. Beside this secondary present stands in very old times the primary middle aorist κῡ́σασθαι (Skt. has the themat. root-aor. á-śv-a-t [would be Gr. *ἔ-κυ-ε; to this as innovation κύω?]). - From the many forms, esp. petrified and isolated verbal nouns, we mention the pres. ptc. Av. si-sp-i-mna-'rising up' (of a river-wave; cf. κῦμα), Welsh cyw m. `young animal' (IE. *ḱu₂o- m.; cf. ἔγ-κυος, κυο-φορέω, κύος n.), Lat. inciēns `pregnant' (loan from ἔγκυος, s. Ernout-Meillet; diff. W.-Hofmann); three more forms s. κύριος (where also on the ablaut); [not κύαμος, πᾶς, πέπαμαι]. On suppoed connection to words for `hollow, empty' s. κύαρ. - Pok. 592ff., W.-Hofmann s. inciēns and cavus. - Hitt. šuwa- `swell' (?), Götze Lang. 30, 404, must remain separate because of the anlaut.Page in Frisk: 2,42-43Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κυέω
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33 μάργος
μάργος Zie COMPGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `mad, furious, greedy' (Od.; on the meaning v. Wilamowitz Eur. Her. v. 1082);Other forms: Also μόργος ἄπληστος, μοργίας γαστριμαργίας, καὶ ἀκρασίας H. And ἄμαργος; μαρικᾶς κίναιδος H. (but see under the names); ἄβαρκνα λιμός H. which points to *ἄβαρκ-ος. ἄβαρτος ἄπληστος, οἱ δε ἄμαργος H., ἀβαρτία ἀπληστία H. PN Βάργος, Βάργη, Βρόγγος, Βάργασος, Μάργασος. ῎Αβαρτος (Paus. 7, 3, 10).Compounds: as 1. member e.g. in γαστρί-μαργος `gluttonous' (Pi., Arist., Ph.) with γαστρι-μαργ-ία (Hp., Pl.), - έω (Ph.); here also στόμαργος (Alain Blanc RPh. 70(1996)??).Derivatives: Μαργίτης m. name of the principal character of a satirical ep. poem (Arist., Plb.; Redard 229 w. the critical notes of Bloch Mus. Helv. 12, 59), - ιτεία f. `fury, madness' (Phld.); μαργότης f. `madness, gluttony, wantonness' (Pl., trag.), - οσύνη `id.' (Anacr., Thgn.; Wyss - συνη 33, Porzig Satzinhalte 225); μαργηέντων λυσσώντων H. Verbs: 1. μαργαίνω `rage, be furious', only pres. (E 882, Democr.); 2. μαργάω, only ptc. pres. μαργῶν, - ῶσα `furious, wanton' (trag., Call.); 3. μαργόομαι, only ptc. μαργούμενος, μεμαργωμένος `id.' (Pi., A.). -- With unclear e-vowel: μέργιζε ἀθρόως ἔσθιε H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Unexplained. Wrong Prellwitz s. v. and Carnoy Ant. class. 24, 20. - The many variants are typically Pre-Greek (Fur.). Also the form with -ɛ- will be a Pre-Greek variant, Fur. 217 n. 72.Page in Frisk: 2,175Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάργος
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34 μέλας
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `dark-coloured, black' (Il.); μελάν-τερος (Il.), - τατος (IA.), late μελανώτερος Str.), μελαινοτάτη ( Epigr. Gr., AP; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,9f. = Kl.Schr. 223f.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελάγ-χροος (pl. - ες), - χροιής, - χρής, - χρως- μελανό-χροος etc. `with dark skin' (see Sommer Nominalkomp. 21ff.; also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 52 a. 80); μελαγ-χιμος `dark, black' (A., E., X.), with faded 2. member, cp. δύσ-χιμος and Sommer 71ff.; μελάν-δετος prob. `dark-striped' or `with dark bands' (O713, A., E.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 62, Risch 189); μελάν-δρυ-ος `of black wood (δόρυ)' (A. Fr. 251), n. `heart-wood, marrow' (Thphr., Strömberg Theophrastea 128), pl. `piece of tunny', with which μελάν-δρυς m. `tunny' (Pamphil.; Strömberg Fischnamen 128); μελάμ-πυρον n. (- ος m.) `ball-mustard, Neslia paniculata' (Thphr., Gal.); with the form. cf. διόσπυρον (s.v.), on the meaning Carnoy REGr. 71, 96; μελαγ-κάλαμον n. dvandva `ink and pen' (pap. Vp, Maas Glotta 35, 299f.). Often in PN, with as shortnames e.g. Μελαινεύς, Μελανεύς, Μελανθεύς, Μέλανθος (Boßhardt 95, 101, 154, Schwyzer 263).Derivatives: 1. μελαιν-άς f. name of a dark-coloured fish (Cratin. [?]; Strömberg Fischnamen 22); - ίς f. name of a sea-shell (Sophr., Herod., Xenokr.), also name of Aphrodite in Corinth (Ath.). 2. μελάν-ιον n. `ink' (pap., Edict. Diocl.; from μέλαν, Georgacas Glotta 36, 169). 3. μελαν-ία f. `blackness, black shadow, black colour' (X., Arist.), - ότης f. `blackness' (Arist.: λευκότης). 4. μελανός = μέλας (Sp.), - όν n. `black pigment' ( Sammelb. IVp); after κελαινός, ὀρφνός etc.; μελαιναῖος `id.' ( Orac. Sib.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Chantraine Form. 47); μελανώδης `blackish' (EM). -- Denominative verbs: 1. μελαίνομαι, -ω `become, make dark, black' (Il.); from this μέλανσις f. `blackening' (Arist.), μέλασ-μα n. `black spot, black paint' (Hp.), - μός m. `blackening, black spot' (Hp., Plu.), μελαντηρ-ία f. `black pigment, blackness' (IG 22, 1672, Arist.), - ιον `stain' (sch.). 2. μελάνω `become (make?) black' (H 64; Schwyzer 700, Shipp Studies 37). 3. μελανέω intr. `id.' (Thphr., A. R., Call.)Etymology: To μέλᾱς \< *μέλᾰν-ς, μέλαινα (\< - αν- ι̯α), μέλᾰν is τάλᾱς, τάλαινα, τάλαν a parallel, where it must be noted that τάλας seems to be an orig. ντ-stem. --The identification of μέλαινα with Skt. f. malinī (supp. IE *melh₂n-i̯ǝ), to which a consonantic m. μελαν- was innovated for an older *μέλανος = Skt. malina-'dirty' (Schwyzer IF 30, 446ff. after Brugmann Grundr. 2: 1, 256 n. 1), fails because malinī is known only as a gloss and in the sense of `menstruating woman'; masc. malina- is further an ep.-class. deriv. from Ved. mála- n. `dirt'; s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 25, Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 351 f. Of the many words cited under the words mel- indicating colour in WP. 2, 293 f., Pok. 720 f. only a few Baltic formations with n-suffix are interesting, Latv. męl̃ns `black' (see Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237), OPr. melne `blue spot', mīlinan acc. f. `spot' (further Fraenkel Wb. s. mė́las 2). -- Further s. μολύνω, also μελίνη and μώλωψ.Page in Frisk: 2,198-199Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλας
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35 ὄνειδος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `reproach, rebuke, abuse, disgrace' (Il.).Derivatives: ὀνειδείη f. `id.' (Nic.; cf. on ἐλεγχείη s. ἐλέγχω), ὀνείδειος `baling, scolding' (Hom., AP), ὀνειδείω `to blame' (Thebaïs Fr. 3; \< -εσ-ι̯ω); mostly ὀνειδίζω, also with prefix as ἐξ-, προσ-, `to make reproaches, to abuse, to scold' with several derivv.: ὀνείδ-ισμα n. `reproach, abuse' (Hdt.), - ισμός ( ἐξ-) m. `id.' (D.H., J.), - ιστήρ (E., κατ- ὄνειδος Man.), - ιστής (Arist.) `railer' (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 14 a. 18), ( ἐξ-)ονειδιστικός `abusive' (hell.); on itself ἐπ-ονείδ-ιστος `deserving a reproach, blameworthy' (Att.), prob. for *ἐπ-ονειδής after the many verbal adj. in - ιστος.Etymology: Old, in Grek isolated verbal noun without exact non-Greek agreement. The basic primary verb, which in Greek was replaced by the denomin. ὀνειδίζω, is in other languages often retained: Skt. nid-āná- `reproached', athem. aor. ptc., beside which the passive formation nid-yá-māna- `id.' and the nasal present ní-n-d-ati (cf. on ὄνομαι); Av. nāis-mī \< * nāid-s-mi `I reproach', lengthened grade athem. pres. with s-enlargement (if not analogical after forms like ipf. nāis-t \< * nāid-t, 2. pl. nis-ta \< * nid-ta); Balt. e.g. Latv. nîdu, inf. nîdêt, nîst `squint at, not tolerate, hate'. Further fom German. the deverbal or denominative secondary formation in Goth. ga-naitjan `revile'. Especially interesting for Greek is because of the vowelprothesis Arm. anicanem, aor. anici \< * o-neid-s- (on Arm. a- \< o- cf. on ὄναρ, on -s- Meillet MSL 20, 211). -- Further forms with lit. and uncontrollable root analysis in WP. 2, 322f., Pok. 760, Feist Vgl. Wb. d. got. Spr. s. v., Kuiper Nasalpräs. 130, Specht Ursprung 126, 167; see also Mayrhofer s. níndati and Fraenkel s. níedėti.Page in Frisk: 2,394Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄνειδος
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36 οὖθαρ
οὖθαρ, - ατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `udder', also metaph. (Il.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [347] *h₁e\/ouHdh-r\/n- `udder'Etymology: Old inherited word for udder, preserved in several languages. The orig. r-n-stem is except in οὖθαρ also seen in Skt. ū́dhar, gen. ū́dhn-as. In Lat. ūber, - eris n. (secondary adj. `richly, fertile') the r-stem was generalized, as in Germ., e.g. MHG ūter, OWNo. jūgr (\< *ǰūdr; with deviating initial, s.b.), Lith. ūdr-óju, -óti `be pregnant', pa-ūdróti `get an ever larger udder' of pregnant swines and dogs. Slav. rebult the word after the many nouns in - men, e.g. SCr. vȉme, Russ. výmja n. The variations in anlaut show old ablaut ē̆udh-, ō̆udh-, ūdh- (diff. on ου in οὖθαρ Pisani KZ 72, 216). Loss of the laryngeal in Greek after -o-?. Root speculations in Szemerényi Glotta 34, 2 72 ff.; see further (esp. on comparable river names) Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 35ff. u. 108f., Kilian ibd. 134 ff. Older and further lit. in Bq, W.-Hofmann s. ūber, WP. 1, 111, Pok. 347, Vasmer s. výmja.Page in Frisk: 2,442-443Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὖθαρ
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37 σκόλυμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a kind of thistle with eatable flower-bottom, `Scolymus hispanicus, artichoke, Cynara scolymus' (Hes., Alc., Arist. etc.; on the meaning Dawkins JHSt. 56, 6).Derivatives: σκολυμ-ώδης 'σ.-like' (Thphr.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Unexplained. On the formation cf. ἔλυμος and the many plant-names in - αμος, - αμον, e.g. κύαμος, βάλσαμον, which are most loans without etymology. Hypotheses by Groselj Živa Ant. 4, 175 (to σκόλλυς). -- The resembling σκόλυβος ὁ ἐσθιόμενος βολβός H. is influenced by βολβός [?] and other plant-names in - βος (after Specht Ursprung 267 old variation μ σκόλυμος β; to be rejected). -- The variation β\/μ is a well known Pre-Greek phenomenon (there is no reason to explain the fact away).Page in Frisk: 2,736Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκόλυμος
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38 γλυκύς
Grammatical information: adj.Derivatives: γλύκων individualising (Ar. Ek. 985), also PN, with Γλυκώνειος (Heph.); γλυκόεις (Nic.); diminutives: γλυκάδιον `sweetmeat, vinegar' (Choerob.; for the meaning cf. ἦδος = ὄξος), γλυκίδιον (pap.). - γλυκίν(ν)ᾱς m. `cake made with sweet wine' (Seleuk. ap. Ath., Cretan H.). - γλυκύτης (Hdt.). - Denom. γλυκαίνω (Hp.), γλύκυσμα (Lib., Sch.), mit γλύκανσις (Thphr.), γλυκαντικός (S.); γλυκάζω (LXX) etc.; γλυκασία `family-love' ( Sammelb.); γλυκίζω (Pagae, Gp.), γλυκισμός (Callix.); ἐγ-γλύσσω `be sweet' (Hdt. ἔγγλυκυς Dsc.; γλύξις `sweet wine' (Phryn. Com.); γλεῦξις οἶνος ἕψημα \< ἔχων\> H., cf. γλεῦκος. - Also γλυκερός (Od.), f. (with withdrawn accent) Γλυκέρα as PN, with Γλυκέριον. - With geminate: γλυκκόν γλυκύ and γλύκκα ἡ γλυκύτης H. - Plant name γλύκη βοτάνη τις ἐδώδιμος H. and (strange) γλυκυμή = γλυκύρριζα (Hp. ap. Gal.), cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 63. - γλεῦκος n. `sweet wine' (Arist.), γλεύκινος (Dsc.), γλευκίτης ( οἶνος) = γλεῦκος (Arist.-Komm.); γλευκήσας `stunned by γ.' (H.); also γλεύκη = γλυκύτης (Sch.) and γλεῦξις, s. γλύξις above.Etymology: If to Lat. dulcis, with γλ- \< δλ-. But the υ is also unexpected. The Mycenaean form seems to confirm the idea.- On arm. k` aɫcr `sweet' s. on ἡδύς. - Full grade γλεῦκος seems a late innovation (after the many neutral σ-stems) but ἀγλευκής (Epich.) seems old.Page in Frisk: 1,314-315Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλυκύς
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39 μαργαρίτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `pearl' (Thphr., Str., Ael., Arr., NT).Derivatives: f. - ῖτις ( λίθος) `id.' (Ath., Isid. Char.), dimin. - ιτάριον ( PHolm.). Besides, prob. as backformation (cf. below), μάργαρον `id.' ( Anacreont., PHolm.), - ος m. f. `id.' (Tz.), also `Indian pearlmussel' (Ael.), - ίς ( λίθος) `pearl' (Philostr.,Hld.), pl. - ίδες as name of a pearllike kind of date-palm (Plin.); - ίδης m. (Praxag.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Iran.Etymology: Oriental LW [loanword], acc. to Schiffer Rev. de phil. 63, 45ff. first from Iranian, MPers. marvārīt, NPers. marvā-rī δ `pearl'; details in Redard 56 f. Acc. to older view (s. Bq and Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 159) from Skt. mañjarī `flowering but' (ep. class.), `pearl' (lex.), with - ίτης added after the many stone-names. The by-form mañjara- n. would agree well with μάργαρον, but the late and rare ocurrence of both the Skt. and Greek form is no support for a direct identification. See now Gershevitch in De Fochécour-P. Gignoux, Etudes iranoaryennes G. Lazars, 1989, 113-136 (from Iran. *mr̥ga-ahri-ita- `born from the shell of a bird' = oyster). - From μαργαρίτης Lat. margarita etc., s. W.-Hofmann s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,174-175Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μαργαρίτης
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40 πηγη
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: Dor. παγά.Derivatives: Dimin. πηγ-ίον (pap. IIa), - ίδιον (Suid.); the adj. - αῖος `belonging to the w.' (IA.), - ιμαῖος `id.' (Hdn. Epim.); the verb - άζω, also w. ἀνα-, κατα-, `to spring up' (Ph., AP), παγάσασθαι aor. inf. `to bathe in a w.' (Dodona; late.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: Formation like πληγ-ή, λήθ-η, ζω-ή a.o.; without explanation. -- Referring to the many designations for `well' from `cold' (e.g. OCS studenьcь: studenъ, Lith. šaltìnis: šáltas, νίβα [= νίφα] χιόνα, καλεῖται δε οὕτως καὶ κρήνη ἐν Θρᾳκῃ Phot.) by Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 173 f. connected with πήγνυμαι in the meaning `stiffened, freeze', πηγυλίς `ice-cold' (cf. also παγετώδης `ice-cold', of water: παγετός `ice'); to be considered. Cf. also Στύξ. Older lit. w. explanations which are to be rejected in Bq. - A Pre-Greek word seems quite probable.Page in Frisk: 2,525Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πηγη
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