-
1 ἵστημι
ἵστημι (cf. ἱστάω, ἱστάνω),I causal, make to stand, imper.ἵστη Il.21.313
, E.Supp. 1230,καθ-ίστα Il.9.202
: [tense] impf. ἵστην, [dialect] Ep.ἵστασκε Od.19.574
; [ per.] 3pl.ἵσταν B.10.112
: [tense] fut. στήσω, [dialect] Dor.στᾱσῶ Theoc.5.54
: [tense] aor. 1 ἔστησα, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl. ἔστᾰσαν for ἔστησαν dub. in Od.18.307, 3.182, 8.435, al. (v. ἔστᾰσαν): hence, in late Poets, ἔστᾰσας, ἔστᾰσε, AP9.714,708 (Phil.): [tense] aor. 1 [voice] Med. ἐστησάμην (never intr.), v. infr.A.111.2, 3: [tense] pf.ἕστᾰκα Cerc.3
, ([etym.] καθ-) Hyp.Eux.28, UPZ 112.5 (ii B.C.), ([etym.] περι-) Pl.Ax. 370d, ([etym.] ἀφ-) LXXJe.16.5, ([etym.] παρ-) Phld.Rh. 1.9S., al., ([etym.] συν-) S.E.M.7.109; also ἕστηκα (v. infr.) in trans. sense, ([etym.] δι-) Arist.Vent. 973a18, ([etym.] ἀφ-) v.l. in LXX l.c.; ἑστακεῖα trans. in Test.Epict.1.25.II intr., stand,1 [voice] Act., [tense] aor. 2 ἔστην, [dialect] Ep.στάσκον Il.3.217
; [ per.] 3pl. ἔστησαν, more freq. in Hom. ἔσταν, στάν [ᾰ]; imper. στῆθι, [dialect] Dor.στᾶθι Sapph.29
, Theoc.23.38; subj. στῶ, [dialect] Ep. 2 and [ per.] 3sg. στήῃς, στήῃ (for στῇς, στῇ), Il.17.30, 5.598; [ per.] 1pl. στέωμεν (as disyll.) 22.231,στείομεν 15.297
; opt. σταῖεν, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.σταίησαν 17.733
; inf. στῆναι, [dialect] Ep.στήμεναι 17.167
, Od.5.414, [dialect] Dor.στᾶμεν Pi.P.4.2
; part. στάς: [tense] pf. ἕστηκα: [tense] plpf. ἑστήκειν, sts. with strengthd. augm. εἱστήκειν, as E.HF 925, Ar.Av. 513, Th.1.89, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3sg.ἑστήκεε Hdt. 7.152
:—from Hom. downwds. the shorter dual and pl. forms of the [tense] pf. are preferred, ἕστᾰτον, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἑστᾶσι (IG12(8).356 (Thasos, vi B.C.), etc.), in Hdt. ἑστέᾱσι; imper.ἕστᾰθι Aristomen. 5
; subj. ἑστῶ; opt. ἑσταίην; inf. ἑστάναι, [dialect] Ep. ἑστάμεν, ἑστάμεναι ( ἑστηκέναι only late, as Ael.VH3.18); part. ἑστώς ( ἑστηκώς rare in early Gr., Hdt.2.126, Pl.Men. 93d, Lg. 802c, Arist. (infr. B.11.2), Alex.126.16,εἱστηκότα IG12.374.179
), fem. ἑστῶσα (not ἑστυῖα; but συνεστηκυιῶν prob. in Hp.Aër.10), neut. , Tht. 183e, SIG 1234 ([place name] Lycia), etc., ([etym.] καθ-) POxy.68.32 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] ἐν-) PRyl. 98 (a).10 (ii A.D.), ([etym.] παρ-) Ar.Eq. 564 (- ώς freq. v.l. as in Pl. and Ar. ll.cc., preferred by Choerob.in Theod.2.313); gen. ἑστῶτος; [dialect] Ion. ἑστεώς, ἑστεός, ῶτος; [dialect] Ep. ; dat. pl. ἑστηῶσι cj. in Antim.16.5, cf. Call.Dian. 134; Hom. does not use the nom., but has gen. ἑστᾰότος, acc. ἑστᾰότα, nom. pl. ἑστᾰότες, as if from ἑσταώς: so also [tense] plpf. ἑστάτην, ἕστᾰμεν, ἕστᾰτε, ἕστᾰσαν: late [tense] pres. ἑστήκω, formed from [tense] pf., Posidipp. ap. Ath.10.412e: hence, [tense] fut.ἑστήξω Hom. Epigr.15.14
, X.Cyr.6.2.17, Hegesipp.1.25,ἑστήξομαι X.Cyn.10.9
codd.2 [voice] Pass., ἵσταμαι: imper. , , Ar.Ec. 737: [tense] impf. ἱστάμην: [tense] fut.στᾰθήσομαι And.3.34
, Aeschin. 3.103: more freq.στήσομαι Il.20.90
, etc.: [tense] aor.ἐστάθην Od.17.463
, etc.; rarely ἔστην, [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3sg. (Argos, v B.C.): [tense] pf. ἕσταμαι ([etym.] δι-) v.l. in Pl.Ti. 81d, κατεστέαται v.l. in Hdt.1.196. (From I.-E. sthā-, cf. Skt. sthā- ([tense] aor. á-sthā-t), Lat. stare, etc.; Gr. redupl. [tense] pres. and [tense] pf. fr. si-sthā-, se-sthā-.)A Causal, make to stand, set up,πελέκεας ἑξείης Od.19.574
; ἔγχος μέν ῥ' ἔστησε φέρων πρὸς κίονα he set it against the pillar, 1.127, cf. Il. 15.126; ἱ. ἱστόν set up the loom, or raise the mast (v.ἱστός 1
and 11); κρητῆρας στήσασθαι to have bowls set up, Od.2.431; θεοῖς.. κρητῆρα στήσασθαι in honour of the gods, Il.6.528; στῆσαί τινα ὀρθόν, στ. ὀρθὰν καρδίαν, Pi.P.3.53,96;ὀρθῷ στ. ἐπὶ σφυρῷ Id.I.7(6).13
;ἐς ὀρθὸν ἱ. τινά E.Supp. 1230
; ;ὀρθὸν οὖς ἵστησιν S.El.27
; στῆσαι λόγχας, for battle, Id.Ant. 145(lyr.); esp. raise buildings, statues, trophies, etc.,ἱ. ἀνδριάντα Hdt.2.110
; ;τροπαῖον ἱ. τῶν πολεμίων Isoc.4.150
, cf.IG22.1457.26;τροπαῖον στησάμενοι X.HG2.4.7
; ;τὰ μακρὰ στῆσαι τείχη Th.1.69
; ἱ. τινὰ χαλκοῦν set him up in brass, raise a brazen statue to him, D.13.21, 19.261 (so in [tense] pf., stand,οὗτος ἕστηκε λίθινος Hdt.2.141
:—[voice] Pass.,σφυρήλατος ἐν Ὀλυμπία στάθητι Pl.Phdr. 236b
;σταθῆναι χαλκοῦς Arist.Rh. 1410a33
).II set, place, of things or persons,τρίποδ' ἔστασαν ἐν πυρί Od.8.435
, etc.; , etc.; fix,τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὴν γῆν Philostr.VA1.10
; esp. set men in order or array,πεζοὺς δ' ἐξόπιθε στῆσεν Il.4.298
, cf. 2.525, etc.;στῆσαί τινας τελευταίους X. Cyr.6.3.25
, etc.III bring to a standstill, stay, check,λαὸν δὲ στῆσον Il.6.433
; νέας, ἵππους, ἡμιόνους στῆσαι, Od.3.182, Il.5.755, 24.350; μύλην στῆσαι to stop the mill, Od.20.111; στῆσεν ἄρ' (sc. ἡμιόνους) 7.4; στῆσε δ' ἐν Ἀμνισῷ (sc. νῆα) 19.188;βᾶριν Iamb.Myst.6.5
; στῆσαι τὴν φάλαγγα halt it, X.Cyr.7.1.5;ἵστησι ῥοῦν Pl.Cra. 437b
, etc.; ἵ. τὴν ψυχὴν ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν ib. 437a; στ. τὰ ὄμματα fix them, of a dying man, Id.Phd. 118; στ. τὸ πρόσωπον compose the countenance, X.Cyr.1.3.9;στήσαντες ἐπὶ τούτων τὴν διήγησιν Plb. 3.2.6
: esp. in Medic.,ἵ. κοιλίαν Dsc.1.20
; τὰς κοιλίας Philotim. ap. Orib.4.10.1;αἱμορραγίας Dsc.1.129
: abs., Arist.HA 605a29:—[voice] Med.,ἱστάμενος τῷ νοσήματι Hp.Ep.19
( Hermes 53.65).2 set on foot, stir up,κονίης.. ἱστᾶσιν ὀμίχλην Il.13.336
;ἵστη δὲ μέγα κῦμα 21.313
;νεφέλην ἔστησε Κρονίων Od.12.405
, cf. Il.5.523; of battle, etc., φυλόπιδα στήσειν stir up strife, Od.11.314;ἔριν στήσαντες 16.292
(so intr. φύλοπις ἕστηκε the fray is on foot, Il.18.172):—also in [voice] Med., στησάμενοι δ' ἐμάχοντο ib. 533, Od.9.54;πολέμους ἵστασθαι Hdt.7.9
.β', 175, 236; soἱστάναι βοήν A.Ch. 885
; ([voice] Pass., θόρυβος ἵσταται βοῆς arises, S.Ph. 1263); also of passions and states of mind, μῆνιν, ἐλπίδα στῆσαι, Id.OT 699, E.IA 788(lyr.).3 set up, appoint,τινὰ βασιλέα Hdt.1.97
; , cf. OC 1041, Ant. 666:—[voice] Med.,ἐστάσαντο τύραννον Alc.37
A;φύλακας στησόμεθα Pl.R. 484d
:—[voice] Pass.,ὁ ὑπὸ Δαρείου σταθεὶς ὕπαρχος Hdt.7.105
, cf. IG 9(1).32.23 (Stiris, ii B.C.).4 establish, institute, χορούς, παννυχίδα, Hdt.3.48, 4.76 (soστήσασθαι ἤθεά τε καὶ νόμους Id.2.35
; ); στῆσαι χορόν, Ὀλυμπιάδα, ἑορτάν, Pi.P.9.114, O.2.3, 10(11).58;κτερίσματα S.El. 433
;χορούς B.10.112
, D.21.51; οὐχ ὑγιῶς ἱστάμενος λόγον setting up a bad argument, Anon.Lond.26.34:—[voice] Pass.,ἀγορὴ ἵσταταί τινι Hdt.6.58
.5 = Lat. statuere, determine,γνῶναι καὶ στῆσαι D.H.8.68
;διαγεινώσκειν καὶ ἱστάναι Not. Arch.4.21
(Aug.):—[voice] Pass.,τὰ ὑπό τινος σταθέντα OGI665.27
(Egypt, i A.D.); τὰ ἑσταμένα Wilcken Chr.167.27 (ii B.C.).6 fix by agreement,ὁ σταθεὶς τόκος PGrenf.1.31.1
(i B.C.), cf. PFlor.14.11 (iv A.D.);τὸ ἑσταμένον ἐνοίκιον BGU253.15
(iii A.D.).IV place in the balance, weigh, Il.19.247, 22.350, 24.232, Ar.V.40; [ ἐκπώματα] Thphr.Char.18.7;ἀριθμοῦντες καὶ μετροῦντες καὶ ἱστάντες X.Cyr.8.2.21
, etc.; ἱστάναι τι πρὸς ἀργύριον weigh a thing against silver, Hdt.2.65; ἀγαθὸς ἱστάναι good at weighing, Pl.Prt. 356b; τὸ ἐγγὺς καὶ τὸ πόρρω στήσας ἐν τῷ ζυγῷ ibid., cf. Lys.10.18; ἐπὶ τὸ ἱστάναι ἐλθεῖν have recourse to the scales, Pl.Euthphr.7c:—[voice] Pass.,ἵστασθαι ἐπὶ ζυγοῦ Arr.Epict.1.29.15
; weighed,IG
11(2).161B113 (Delos, iii B.C.).B [voice] Pass. and intr. tenses of [voice] Act., to be set or placed, stand, Hom. etc., ἀγχοῦ, ἆσσον, Il.2.172, 23.97;ἄντα τινός 17.30
;ἐς μέσσον Od.17.447
;σταθεὶς ἐς μέσον Hdt.3.130
; ἀντίοι ἔσταν, ἐναντίοι ἔστησαν, Il.1.535, Od.10.391: prov. of critical circumstances,ἐπὶ ξυροῦ ἵσταται ἀκμῆς Il.10.173
: freq. merely a stronger form of εἶναι, to be in a certain place or state, , etc.; ἑστάτω for ἔστω, S.Aj. 1084; τὰ νῦν ἑστῶτα,= τὰ νῦν, Id.Tr. 1271 (anap.);ἐμοὶ δ' ἄχος ἕστᾱκεν Id.Aj. 200
(lyr.): with Adv., ξυμφορᾶς ἵν' ἕσταμεν, ἵν' ἕστ. χρείας, in what case or need we are, Id.Tr. 1145, OT 1442; ποῦ τύχης ἕστηκεν; Id.Aj. 102; later also ἀδίκως, ὀρθῶς, εὐλαβῶς ἵστασθαι, behave wrongly, etc., Plb.18.3.2, 33.6.3, 18.33.4.2 take up an intellectual attitude,ὡς ἵστασθαι δεῖ περὶ χρημάτων κτήσεως Phld.Oec.p.38J.
; οὐκ ὀρθῶς ἵ. Id.Rh.1.53S.3 in pregnant sense,στῆναι ἐς.. Hdt.9.21
;στ. ἐς δίκην E.IT 962
;στ. παρά τινα Il.24.169
(but οἱ μὴ στάντες παρὰ τὰ δεινά those who did not face the danger, D.H.9.28): c. acc. loci, τί τοῦτ' αἰθερίαν ἕστηκε πέτραν; E.Supp. 987 (lyr.);στῆτε τόνδε τρίβον Id.Or. 1251
:c. acc. cogn., ποίαν μ' ἀνάστασιν δοκεῖς.. στῆναι; S.Ph. 277.II stand still, halt,ἀλλ' ἄγε δὴ στέωμεν Il.11.348
, cf. Od.6.211, 10.97; opp. φεύγω, 6.199, etc.; stand idle, Il.4.243, al.; ἑστάναι to be stationary, opp. κινεῖσθαι, Pl.R. 436c, etc.;κατὰ χώρην ἑστάναι Hdt.4.97
; οὐ μὴν ἐνταῦθ' ἕστηκε τὸ πρᾶγμα does not rest here, D.21.102, cf. 10.36; ἐὰν ἡ κοιλία στῇ if the bowels are constipated, Arist.HA 588a8: c. part.,οὐ στήσεται ἀδικῶν D.10.10
; come to a stop, rest satisfied,ἄν τις ὀρθῶς ἐπιβάλῃ, ἔπειτα σταθῇ Epicur. Fr. 423
;οὐχ ἱστάμενοι Plot.3.1.2
: impers., ἵσταται there is a stop, one comes to a stop, Arist.APr. 43a37, al.;οὐκ ἔστη ἐνταῦθα κακοῖς γενομένοις ἀποθανεῖν Plot.3.2.8
; alsoἵστασθαι μέχρι τοῦ γένους Them.in APo. 55.8
,al.2 metaph., stand firm, X.HG5.2.23;τῇ διανοίᾳ Plb.21.11.3
; of arguments or propositions, hold good, Phld.Rh.1.83, 2.192 S.: part., ἑστηκώς fixed, stable, Arist.GA 776a35, EN 1104a4, Metaph. 1047a15; (Delph., ii B.C.);λογισμὸς ἑστὼς καὶ νουνεχής Plb.3.105.9
;τέχναι οὐκ ἔχουσαι τὸ ἑστηκός, ἀλλὰ τὸ στοχαστικόν Phld.Rh.1.71S.
(so Adv. ἑστηκότως, opp. στοχαστικῶς, ib.70S.), cf. Iamb.Protr.21.κ'; χρεία ἑστηκυῖα καὶ τεταγμένη Plb.6.25.10
; ἑστηκότα θεωρήματα, ἑστηκότες σκοποί, Phld.Rh.1.2S., Po.5.22; of age,ἑστηκυῖα ἡλικία Pl.Lg. 802c
; τιμαὶ ἑστηκυῖαι fixed prices, PTeb.ined.703.177.III to be set up or upright, stand up, rise up,κρημνοὶ ἕστασαν Il.12.55
;ὀρθαὶ τρίχες ἔσταν 24.359
, cf. A.Th. 564(lyr.), Pl. Ion 535c, etc.;κονίη ἵστατο Il.2.151
;ἵστατο κῦμα 21.240
; of a horse, ἵστασθαι ὀρθός to rear, Hdt.5.111; ἵστασθαι βάθρων from the steps, S.OT 143.2 to be set up, erected, or built,στήλη, ἥ τ' ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἑστήκῃ Il.17.435
;ἕστακε τροπαῖον A. Th. 954
(lyr.); , etc.; v. supr. A.11.3 generally, arise, begin,ἵστατο νεῖκος Il.13.333
; cf. A. 111.2.4 in marking Time, ἔαρος νέον ἱσταμένοιο when spring is not long begun, Od.19.519; ἕβδομος ἑστήκει μείς the seventh month was begun, Il. 19.117; τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο as one month ends and the next begins, Od.14.162, cf. Hes.Op. 780; later μὴν ἱστάμενος, μεσῶν, φθίνων, first in Hdt.6.57, 106, cf. And.1.121, Aeschin.3.67;σχεδὸν ἤδη μεσημβρία ἵσταται Pl.Phdr. 242a
. -
2 συμβαίνω
A- βήσομαι Hdt.2.3
, etc.: [tense] pf. - βέβηκα, [ per.] 3pl. , [dialect] Ion. inf.- βεβάναι Hdt.3.146
: [tense] pf. inf. [voice] Pass.- βεβάσθαι Th. 8.98
: [tense] aor. 2 συνέβην (v. infr.): [tense] aor. 1 subj. [voice] Pass.ξυμβᾰθῇ Id.4.30
:— stand with the feet together, Hp.Off.3;διαβαίνοντες μᾶλλον ἢ συμβεβηκότες X.Eq.1.14
;συμβεβηκὼς τὼ πόδε Poll.3.91
; συμβᾶσα τὼ πόδε, opp. περιβάδην, Ach.Tat.1.1; Παλλάδιον τοῖς ποσὶ συμβεβηκός a statue with closed feet, as in early Greek art, Apollod.3.12.3.2 σ. κακοῖς to be joined to them, i.e. increase them, E.Hel.37.3 meet,σὺν δ' ἔβη ἐν Φιλότητι Emp.21.8
;τὸν συμβαίνοντά σοι Eup.136
(dub.);σ. αὐτοὶ αὑτοῖς X.HG1.2.17
; ξυμβέβηκε δ' οὐδαμοῦ has never come in my way, has had naught to do with me, E.Hel. 1007.II most freq. metaph., come to an agreement, come to terms, E.Ph.71, etc.; ἐπ' ἐλάττονι ς. agree on (i.e. to accept) less, POxy. 237 viii 11 (ii A.D.): c. dat., Th.3.52, 4.128, etc.; πρὸς ἀλλήλους ib.61, etc.: with neut. Adj.,ἐὰν ξυμβῶ τί σοι Ar.Ra. 175
;ἤν τι ξυμβαίνωσι Th.2.5
; ξ. τὰ πλείω, οὐδέν, Id.4.117, 5.36;τἆλλα τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις Id.8.98
: c. inf.,συνέβησαν ἐς τὠυτὸ.., τὸν δὲ βασιλεύειν Hdt.1.13
;ξ. ὑπήκοοι εἶναι Th.1.117
; ξ. ἤν τις ἁλίσκηται,.. δοῦλον εἶναι ib. 103;ξ. τοῖς Πλαταιεῦσι παραδοῦναι σφᾶς αὐτούς Id.2.4
;ξ. πρὸς Νικίαν.. ἐπιτρέψαι Id.4.54
; alsoσυνέβησαν.. ὥστε τριηκοσίους μαχέσασθαι Hdt.1.82
; σ. εἰς τὸ μέσον agree to a compromise, Pl.Prt. 337e; λόγοις ς., of a verbal agreement, E.Med. 737, Andr. 233: generally, make friends with, ἐκ πολέμου ξ. Ar.V. 867;ἀπὸ τοῦ ἴσου Th.4.19
;ἐπὶ τοῖς εἰρημένοις E.Ph. 590
(troch.): in [tense] pf. συμβεβάναι and [voice] Pass., of the agreement, δοκέοντες πάντα συμβεβάναι that everything had been settled, or that they had settled everything, Hdt.3.146;ἐπὶ τούτοις ξυμβεβάσθαι Th.8.98
; .2 agree with, be on good terms with,οὐ.. Ἀθηναίοισι συνέβαιν' Αἰσχύλος Ar.Ra. 807
; σ. ἑκατέρᾳ τῶν στάσεων hold with one and other of them, D.H.2.62.3 of things, tally, correspond with,ὁ χρόνος ἐδόκεε τῇ ἡλικίῃ συμβαίνειν Hdt.1.116
;ἐθέλων εἰδέναι εἰ [οἱ ἐκείνων λόγοι] συμβήσονται τοῖσι λόγοισι τοῖσι ἐν Μέμφι Id.2.3
;ξυμβαίνει ταῦτα τοῖς πρὸ τοῦ Lys.8.9
;εἰς ταὐτὸ σ. τοῖς ἐμοῖς στίβοις A.Ch. 210
: abs., ὅπως ἂν ἀρτίκολλα συμβαίνῃ τάδε ib. 580; χρησμοί τε συμβαίνουσι are in harmony therewith, Ar.Eq. 220, cf. S. Tr. 1164; αὐτὸ σ. εἰς ταύτην εἶναι πέμπτην five days later exactly tallies, D.19.60; τοῦτο σ. οὐ πλέον ἢ εἰς δώδεκα comes to no more than 12, X.HG6.4.12;αἱ πεντακόσιαι μάλιστά πως συνέβαινον δραχμαί Aristid.Or.50(26).94
; τὸ φαρμακεύεσθαι τῷ καθαίρεσθαι εἰς ταὐτὸν ς. comes to the same thing as.., Gal.15.901; of ashlar-work, fit or range exactly, M.Ant.5.8.4 fall to one's lot, c. dat. pers.,μοι σ. ἆται E.IT 148
(lyr.), etc.;ἡδοναί τινι Isoc.15.222
;τριηραρχία μοι D. 47.49
;ἀτυχία Id.57.65
;εὐεργεσιῶν συμβαίνειν καιρόν Id.20.121
.III of events, come to pass, fall out, happen,συμβαίνει δ' οὐ τὰ μέν, τὰ δ' οὔ A.Pers. 802
; τῶνδε ναμέρτεια ς. S.Tr. 173;ἐὰν μὴ θεία τις σ. τύχη Pl.R. 592a
;αἱ ἀεὶ συμβαίνουσαι τύχαι Id.Criti. 120e
; εἰ καιρὸς ς. X.Eq.Mag.2.5;χρηστόν τι σ. παρὰ θεῶν D.1.11
;τοὐναντίον συμβαίνειν πέφυκε Gal.15.460
: c. dat., ib.67, 16.724: also euphem., ἄν τι ξυμβῇ if anything happen (i.e. any evil), D.21.112, cf. Riv.Fil.60.59 (ii B.C.): generally, occur, be found, exist,ἐν τῇ ἀρχαίᾳ ἡμετέρᾳ φωνῇ σ. τὸ ὄνομα Pl.Cra. 398b
, cf. A.D.Pron.29.15: but,b mostly impers., sts. c. dat. et inf.,αὐτῷ Ὀλυμπιάδα ἀνελέσθαι συνέβη Hdt.6.103
, cf. 3.50, Th.1.1;συμβαίνει τῷ πλοίῳ ἀργεῖν PCair.Zen.650.2
(iii B.C.), cf. PMich.Zen.21.3, al. (iii B.C.): sts. c. acc. et inf.,συνέβη Γέλωνα νικᾶν Hdt.7.166
, cf. Th.8.25;συμβαίνει διὰ παντὸς ἡμᾶς περιφόβους εἶναι PCair.Zen.160.6
, cf. 132.5 (iii B.C.), PEnteux.6.2, al. (iii B.C.), Gal.15.476;σ. τῷ οἰκοδόμῳ μουσικῷ εἶναι Arist.Metaph. 1017a11
; folld. by ὥστε, S.Tr. 1152, Th.4.79, Arist.Pol. 1261a34: c. part., σ. ὄν, γιγνόμενον, λεγόμενον, Pl. Sph. 244d, Phlb. 42d, Cra. 412a.c τὸ συμβεβηκός chance event, contingency, Id.Prm. 128c;τὰ συμβαίνοντα X.Cyr.1.6.43
;τὰ συμβάντα Id.An.3.1.13
;ἀπὸ τοῦ συμβαίνοντος ὁ τόπος εἴληφε τὴν προσηγορίαν Plb.10.28.7
: hence κατὰ συμβεβηκός by accident, contingently (v. infr. iv. 1); τοῦ συμβαίνοντός ἐστι it depends upon accident, easily happens, Is.4.13.2 joined with Adverbs or Adiectives, turn out in a certain way,ὀρθῶς σφι ἡ φήμη συνέβαινε ἐλθοῦσα Hdt. 9.101
; κακῶς, καλῶς συμβῆναι, X.Mem.1.2.63, Cyr.5.4.14, E.IT 1055;τὰ μητρὸς.. ἔχθιστα συμβέβηκεν S.El. 262
; ταῦτα.. λαμπρὰ ς. Id.Tr. 1174;ξυμβεβᾶσιν οἱ λόγοι.. ἀληθεῖς E.Hel. 622
;ἄπιστ' ἀληθῆ πολλὰ σ. βροτοῖς Id.Fr. 396
;σ. μέγιστον κακὸν ἡ ἀδικία Pl.Grg. 479c
, cf. Alc. 1.130c, Cra.398e;δοκεῖ τὸ μαντεῖον τοὐναντίον ξυμβῆναι ἢ.. Th.2.17
;τοιούτου τούτου συμβάντος Id.1.74
; συμβαίνει καὶ σοὶ (sc. ἄριστον) Pl. Lg. 903d: abs., turn out well,ἢν ξυμβῇ ἡ πεῖρα Th.3.3
;εἴ μοι σ. τοῦτο Pl.Lg. 744a
.3 of consequences, come out, result, follow, ; ; τὰ συμβάντα, opp. ἡ προαίρεσις, D.18.192;δηλοῦται ἐκ τοῦ συμβάντος Gal.16.583
;ἐὰν μὴ ὅτι τάχος ἀποσταλῇ τὰ ὑποζύγια, συμβήσεται τὰ μελίσσεια ἀπολέσθαι PCair.Zen. 467.8
, cf. 481.2, al. (iii B.C.).b of logical conclusions, result, follow, freq. in Pl. and Arist., Pl.Grg. 459b, etc.;σ. ἐκ τῶν κειμένων Arist.Top. 156b38
, al., cf. D.25.73: impers., it follows, c. inf., Pl.Tht. 170c, Phd. 74a, Arist.EN 1152b25, al.; alsoσ. μήτε κουφότητ' ἔχειν μήτε βάρος, ἔπειθ' ὅτι ἀδύνατον κινηθῆναι Arist.Cael. 270a5
: also pers., συμβαίνει εἶναι or γίγνεσθαι turns out to be, i.e. consequently or inevitably is or happens, κάθαρσις εἶναι τοῦτο ς. Pl.Phd. 67c, cf. 80b, Cra. 396a, Phlb. 55a, 64e, Prm. 134b, R. 438e;ὅσα συμβαίνει γίγνεσθαι κακὰ καὶ ὅσα συμβήσεται Id.Plt. 301e
: hence συμβεβηκός (v. infr. iv. 2).IV in Philos., τὸ συμβεβηκός has two senses:1 a contingent attribute or ' accident' (in the modern sense), Arist. APo. 73b4, Top. 102b4, al.; κατὰ συμβεβηκός ' accidentally', opp. καθ' αὑτό, Id.Ph. 192b22, cf. Metaph. 1052a18, Thphr.Sens.22; opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist.APo. 71b10, al.; opp. φύσει, Id.de An. 406a14; opp. κυρίως, πρώτως, Gal.15.629, cf. 16.575, al.; opp. ἄντικρυς, Id.18(2).180.2 an attribute necessarily resulting from the notion of a thing, but not entering into the definition thereof,οἷον τῷ τριγώνῳ τὸ δύο ὀρθὰς ἔχειν Arist.Metaph. 1025a31
; distd. by the addition of καθ' αὑτό, Id.APo. 83b19, al.; in Epicurus, essential attribute, property, opp. σύμπτωμα 'accident', τὰ τούτων συμπτώματα ἢ ς. Ep.1p.6U., cf. Nat.4 G., al.;σ. ἀνθρώπου τὸ θνητὸν εἶναι Phld.Sign.3
, al.; in the Stoics, consequence, opp. αἴτιον, Zeno Stoic.1.25.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > συμβαίνω
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3 ἵστημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `set, position oneself, make stand' (Il.)Other forms: Dor. ἵστᾱμι, med. ἵσταμαι, aor. στῆσαι, στήσασθαι, fut. στήσω, aor. pass. σταθῆναι (Od.), fut. σταθήσομαι (Att.); intr. aor. στῆναι with fut. στήσομαι, perf. ἕστηκα.Derivatives: Several, partly inherited derivations are given s.v., s. ἱστός, σταθμός, σταμῖνες, στάσις, στατήρ, στήλη, στήμων, στοά etc.; s. also στάμνος, σταυρός.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1004] * steh₂- -stand, set'Etymology: With the intr. athematic root aorist ἔ-στη-ν agrees exactly Skt. á-sthā-m, IE *h₁é-steh₂-m. Beside it stands without agreement outside Greek already in Hom. a transitive σ-aorist ἔ-στη-σ-α like ἔ-φῡ-σ-α beside ἔ-φῡ-ν a. o.; the intrans. future στή-σομαι, was originally built to ἔ-στη-ν, but was associated with the σ-aorist. Also the trans. reduplicated athematic present ἵ-στη-μι is limited to Greek; cf. τί-θη-μι, ἵ-η-μι, βί-βη-μι; both Indo-Iranian and Italo-Celtic have thematic formations, e. g. Skt. tí-ṣṭh-ati `stands' (*- sth₂-e-ti), Lat. si-st-it. The intr. perf. ἕ-στη-κ-α, pl. ἕ-στᾰ-μεν is excep for the κ-enlargment old and represents together wiht Skt. ta-stháu, pl. ta-sthi-má, Lat. ste-ti-mus an IE perfect. Old is also the verbal adjective στᾰ-τός (Il.) = Skt. sthĭ-tá- `standing', Lat. stă-tus, OWNo. sta-ðr stc, IE * sth₂tos. Details in Schwyzer 686f., 742, 755f., 762, 775f., 782. - Other IE forms are irrelevant for Greek (e. g. Lat. stō \< *stā-i̯ō = Lith. stō-ju, OCS sta-jǫ, Germ., e. g. OS OHG stān, stēn ` stehen' after gān, gēn ` gehen'), see Bq, Pok. 1004ff., W.-Hofmann s. stō etc. S. also ἱστάνω.Page in Frisk: 1,739Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵστημι
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4 πετάννυμι
πετάννυμι, - ύωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to spread out, to unfold, to open' (Att.).Other forms: πίτνημι, - άω (Il.; ἔπιτνον Hes. Sc. 291), πετ-άζω (LXX), - άω (Luc.), aor. πετά-σ(σ)αι. Pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπταμαι (all Il.), πεπέτασμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., D. S.), act. πεπέτακα (D. S.), fut. πετ-άσω (E. in lyr.), - άσσω (Nonn.), -ῶ (Men.).Derivatives: 1. πέταλον n. `leaf' (Il.), `metal, resp. gold plating' (Att. inscr.); also - ηλα pl. (Hes. Sc.; metr. condit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 123 w. n. 91); πετάλ-ιον, - ια (on the accent etc. Scheller Oxytonierung 46f.), - ίς, - ειον, - ῖτις, - ώδης, - όω, - ωσις, - ίζω, - ισμός; hypostasis ἐμπεταλ-ίς ἔδεσμα διὰ τυροῦ σκευαζόμενον H. (: ἐν πετάλῳ). 2. πέτασος m. (f.) `broad-brimmed hat', also metaph. (hell.), with πετάσ-ιον, - ώδης, - ών, - ῖτις. 3. ( κατα-, παρα-, ὑπο- etc.) πέτασμα n. `blanket, curtain etc.' (IA.). 4. ἐκπέτασις f. `spreading out' (Plu.). 5. πετασμός m. `id.' (LXX). 6. πέταχνον (- ακνον H.) n. `open drinking bowl' (Alex.; like κυλίχνη a.o.; Chantraine Form. 195). 7. πέτηλος (- λός) `grown' ( μόσχος, βοῦς; Ath., H. [" ἀναπεπταμένα τὰ κέρατα ἔχων"]). 8. ἀναπετ-ής `spread out' with - εια f. `spreading out' (medic.). 9. ἐκπέτα-λος `open, flat' (Mosch., ἀγγεῖον). -- On themselves stand with unclear meaning development: πετήλας τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ θαμνώδεις φοίνικας; πετηλίς ἀκρίς H.; πετηλίας καρκίνος (Ael.).Etymology: The pair πετά-σαι: πίτ-νη-μι agrees a.o. with κερά-σαι: κίρ-νη-μι, πελά-σασθαι: πίλ-να-μαι (s. vv.); to this πέ-πτᾰ-μαι (with short vowel from -h₂, Schwyzer 770 w. n. 6); after πετά-σαι the present πετά-ννυμι etc. (like κερά-σαι: κερά-ννυμι a.o.). -- Without direct agreement outside Greek but with several cognates. With redced a-vowel intr. Lat. pateō, - ēre `stand open', with patulus `spread out broadly'; perhaps also the nasal present pa-n-d-ō `spread out'. In other languages several verbal nouns, e.g. Av. paʮana- `wide, broad', Lith. petỹs m. `shoulder, arm-pit', Germ., e.g. OWNo. faðmr m. prop. *'extension (of the arms)', `embrace, bosom'. With l-suffix like πέτα-λον OHG fedel-gold n. `leaf-gold'. Further connections w. rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. pateō and pandō, Fraenkel s. petỹs; also WP. 2, 18 u. Pok. 824. -- Prob. not here πατάνη. lPage in Frisk: 2,520-521Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πετάννυμι
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5 μέσος
μέσος, η, ον, also Arc. (v. ἰμέσος, μεσακόθεν); [dialect] Ep. [full] μέσσος (also [dialect] Aeol., Sapph.1.12, IG11(4).1064b32, and Lyr., Pi.P.4.224, and sts. in Trag., E.HF 403 (lyr.), S.OC 1247 (lyr.), Tr. 635 (lyr.), Ant. 1223, 1236, Fr.255.5), [dialect] Boeot., Cret. [full] μέττος, IG7.2420.20 (iii B. C.), GDI 5000 iiA b 2 (v B. C.):—middle, in the middle,I of Space, esp. with Nouns, of the middle point or part,μ. σάκος Il.7.258
;ἱστίον 1.481
; οὐρανός zenith, Od.4.400; μ. ἀπήνης from mid chariot, S.OT 812; ἐν αἰθέρι μ. in mid-air, Id.Ant. 416; μ. μετώπῳ in the middle of the forehead, PRyl.128.30 (i A. D.): in Prose freq. preceding the Art.,κατὰ μέσον τὸν σταθμόν X.An.1.7.14
; ἐν μ. τῇ χώρᾳ ib.2.1.11; ἐκ μ. τῆς νήσου, κατὰ μ. τὴν νῆσον, Pl.Criti. 113d, 119d; ἐπὶ μέσου τοῦ τμάματος at the middle point of the segment, Archim.Aequil.1.6; ἁ ἐπὶ μέσαν τὰν βάσιν ἀγομένα (sc. εὐθεῖα) ib.12: sts. following the Noun,ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ μέσῃ D.29.12
: less freq. midmost, central, of three or more objects,μ. ὁδός Thgn.220
, 331; ὁ μ. [δάκτυλος] Pl.R. 523c; τὸ μ. στῖφος the central division of the army, X.An.1.8.13; μέσον, τό, centre,ἡ ἐπὶ τὸ μ. φορά Iamb.Protr.21
.b with a Verb, ἔχεται μ. by the middle, by the waist, prov. from the wrestling-ring, Ar.Eq. 387 (lyr.), cf. Ach. 571 (lyr.), Nu. 1047, Ra. 469;μέσην λαβόντα Id.Ach. 274
, cf. Hdt.9.107, D.53.17;ὁ πέπλος ἐρράγη μ. Philippid.25.5
.c c. gen., midway between,ἑνὸς καὶ πλήθους τὸ ὀλίγον μ. Pl.Plt. 303a
(also μ. ἐπ' ἀμφότερα, ibid.):—S. hasμέσος ἀπὸ [τοῦ κρατῆρος] τοῦ τε πέτρου OC 1595
.2 of Time, Hom. only in phrase μέσον ἦμαρ midday, Il.21.111, Od.7.288, Pi.P.9.113;μέσαι νύκτες Sapph.52
, Hdt.4.181, X. An.7.8.12, etc.;θέρευς ἔτι μέσσου ἐόντος Hes.Op. 502
;χειμῶνος μέσου Ar.Fr.569.1
;μ. ἡμέρα Hdn.8.5.9
; μ. ἡλικία middle age, Pl.Ep. 316c: soμέσοι τὴν ἡλικίαν E.Ep.5
; μέσος ἀκμῆς v.l. in Theoc.25.164.3 metaph., impartial, Th.4.83, PLond.1.113(1).27 (vi A.D.).b inter-mediate, freq. c. gen.,μ. τις γέγονα χρηματιστὴς τοῦ τε πάππου καὶ τοῦ πατρός Pl.R. 330b
;ψιλὸν μὲν τὸ π ¯, δασὺ δὲ τὸ φ ¯, μέσον δὲ ἀμφοῖν τὸ β ¯ D.H.Comp.14
(v. infr. d); ἡ τρίτη καὶ μ. τῶν εἰρημένων δυεῖν ἁρμονιῶν ib.24; ὁ μ. χαρακτήρ ib.21; indeterminate, Luc.Par.28; τὰ μ. things indifferent (neither good nor bad), Stoic.3.135, al.; of words such as τύχη, EM626.38; ζῴδια (neither lucky nor unlucky) Vett.Val.93.9;μ. δίαιτα Diocl.Fr.141
, cf.Sor.1.46.c Gramm., of Verbs, middle, Eust. 1846.30, etc.; μ. διάθεσις, σχήματα, A.D.Synt.226.10, 210.18; μ. ἐνεστώς present middle, ib.278.25.d Gramm., of consonants, Lat. mediae, i. e. β ¯ γ ¯ δ ¯, D.T.631.23: but also of semi-vowels, Pl.Phlb. 18c: of accent, ὀξύτητι καὶ βαρύτητι καὶ τῷ μέσῳ, i. e. the circumflex, Arist. Po. 1456b33.II middling, moderate,1 of size, μέσοι ὀφθαλμοί, ὦτα, γλῶττα, Id.HA 492a8,33, b31; μ. μεγέθει ib. 496a21, PPetr.1p.37 (iii B. C.); μ. alone, of middle height, PGrenf.2.23 (a) ii 3 (ii B. C.), POxy. 73.13 (i A. D.), etc.2 of class or quality,πάντων μέσ' ἄριστα Thgn. 335
; (lyr.);μ. ἐν πόλει Phoc.12
; μ. ἀνήρ a man of middle rank, Hdt.1.107;μ. πολίτης Th.6.54
;τὰ μ. τῶν πολιτῶν Id.3.82
(soτῶν ἀνὰ πόλιν τὰ μ. Pi.P.11.52
); οἱ μ., between οἱ εὔποροι and οἱ ἄποροι, Arist.Pol. 1289b31, 1295b3; οἱ μ. πολῖται ib. 1296a19; τὸ μ. ib. 1295b37; μ. [πολιτεία] ib. 1296a7;ὁ μ. βίος Luc.Luct.9
; mediocre, Pl.Prt. 346d; τῶν ἑταιρῶν αἱ μ. Theopomp. Com.21. Adv. μέσως, ἱκανόν fairly adequate, Phld.Rh.2.4S.III μέσον, τό, midst, intervening space, mostly with Preps.,a ἐν μέσσῳ, = ἐν μεταιχμίῳ, Il.3.69,90;ἐν τῷ μ.
in the midst,Ev.Matt.
14.6; ἡ 'ν μέσῳ [μοῖρα] σῴζει πόλεις the middle class, E.Supp. 244: withoutἐν, ἔμβαλε μέσσῳ Il.4.444
;ἔνθορε μέσσῳ 21.233
;μέσσῳ ἀμφοτέρων 3.416
, 7.277;τῶνδέ τ' ἐν μ. πεσεῖν E.Ph. 583
;ἐν μ. λόγους ἔχειν Id.Hel. 630
;μῆκος ἐν μ. χρόνου A.Supp. 735
;χρόνος οὑν μ. E.Ph. 589
(troch.); τὰ ἐν μ. what went between, S.OC 583; οἱ ἐν μ. λόγοι the intervening words, Id.El. 1364, E.Med. 819;κλίνης ἐν μ. Id.Hec. 1150
; ἐν μ. ἡμῶν καὶ βασιλέως between us and him, X.An.2.2.3;σοφίας καὶ ἀμαθίας ἐν μ. Pl.Smp. 203e
; ἐν μ. νυκτῶν at midnight, X.Cyr.5.3.52; ἆθλα κείμεν' ἐν μέσῳ offered for competition (cf. infr. b), D.4.5, cf. Thgn.994, X.An.3.1.21; ἡ τιμὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔστω deposited with the court, Herod.2.90: without ἐν, καὶ μέσῳ πάντες καὶ χωρὶς ἕκαστος both collectively and severally, IG12(5).872.27,31,38, al. ([place name] Tenos): in pl.,κεῖτο δ' ἄρ' ἐν μέσσοισι Il.18.507
;ἐν μέσοισ' Xenoph.1.7
; ἐν μέσῳ εἶναι τοῦ συμμεῖξαι to stand in the way of.., X.Cyr.5.2.26; ἡ γὰρ θάλαττα ἐν τῷ μ. is an obstacle, Id.Ath.2.2;οὐδεὶς ἐν μέσσῳ γείτων πέλεν Theoc.21.17
;οὐδὲν ἂν ἦν ἐν μ. πολεμεῖν ἡμᾶς D.23.183
; cf. ἰμέσος.b ἐς μέσον, ἐς μ. ἀμφοτέρων, freq. in Hom. for ἐς μεταίχμιον, Il.4.79, 6.120; ἀνδρὶ δὲ νικηθέντι γυναῖκ' ἐς μέσσον ἔθηκε deposited her as a prize (cf. supr. a), 23.704;ἐς μ. δεικνύναι τινί τι Pi.Fr.42.3
; ἐς μ. ἵεσθαι, ἐλθεῖν, παρελθεῖν, S.Tr. 514 (lyr.), Theoc.22.183, Plu. Agis9;ἐς μέσον ἀμφοτέροισι.. δικάσσατε Il.23.574
; ἐς τὸ μ. φέρειν bring forward publicly, Hdt.4.97, D.18.139;ἐς τὸ μ. λέγεσθαι Hdt. 6.129
; ἐς μ. Πέρσῃσι καταθεῖναι τὰ πρήγματα to give up the power in common to all, Id.3.80; ἐς μ. τὴν ἀρχὴν τιθεὶς ἰσονομίην ὑμῖν προαγορεύω ib. 142.c ἐκ τοῦ μέσου away,ἐκ μ. ἀνελεῖν D.10.36
, 18.294; [χειρόγραφον] ἦρκεν ἐκ τοῦ μ. Ep.Col.2.14
, cf. Arr.Epict.3.3.15; also ἐκ μ. a half,ἔτη ὀκτὼ καὶ ἔνατον ἐκ μ. Th.4.133
; also ἐκ μ. κατῆστο remained in the middle, i. e. neutral (cf.ἐκ 1.6
fin.), Hdt.3.83, cf. 4.118, 8.22,73.d διὰ μέσου between,τὸ διὰ μ. ἔθνος Id.1.104
;διὰ μ. ποιεῖσθαι X.Cyr.6.3.3
; διὰ μ. γενέσθαι intervene, of an event, Th.4.20: c. gen.,διὰ μέσου τῆς πόλεως ῥεῖ ποταμός X. An.1.2.23
; διὰ μ. ῥεῖ τούτων ποταμός ib.1.4.4, etc.;τὸ τούτων διὰ μ. Pl.Lg. 805e
; also οἱ διὰ μέσου the middle party, the moderates, Th. 8.75, X.HG5.4.25; τὸ διὰ μ. the middle class, Arist.Pol. 1296a8; of Time,ὁ διὰ μ. χρόνος Hdt.9.112
; ἡ διὰ μ. ξύμβασις an interim agreement, Th.5.26; διὰ μέσου, as a figure of speech, use of parenthesis, Hdn.Fig.p.95S.e ἀν (ὀν) τὸ μ. in the midst, Alc.18.3, Xenoph.1.11, Thgn.839; ἀνὰ μέσον midway between, Arist.HA 496a22, Antiph. 13, Theoc.22.21, etc.;ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ναοῦ καὶ τοῦ βωμοῦ GDI2010
(Delph.), cf. PTeb.13.9 (ii B. C.), al.;θρὶξ ἀνὰ μέσσον Theoc.14.9
; ; also ἀνὰ μέσον φέρε, = μετρίως, Men.531.18.f κατὰ μέσσον, = ἐν μέσῳ, Il.5.8, 16.285, etc.: c. gen., κὰδ δὲ μέσον τάφρου καὶ τείχεος ἷζον between, 9.87.2 μέσον, τό, difference, τὸ μ. πρὸς τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας the average between.., Th.1.10; πολλὸν τὸ μ., πολὺ τὸ μ., the difference is great, Hdt.1.126, E.Alc. 914 (anap.); τὸ μ. οὐδὲν τῆς ἔχθρης ἐστί there is no middle course for our enmity, Hdt.7.11.3 middle state, mean,τὸ μ. καὶ τὸ εὖ Arist.EN 1109b26
; ποιήματα μέσα, opp. ὀγκώδη, in the (correct) mean, Phld.Po.5.5. Adv. -ως, ἀναστρέφεσθαι Id.Rh.1.155S.
4 in Logic, τὸ μ. the middle term of a syllogism, opp. τὰ ἄκρα, Arist.APr. 66a30; also ὁ μ. (sc. ὅρος) ib. 25b33.5 Math., middle terms in a proportion, Euc.6.16; μέση, or μέση (μέσος) ἀνάλογον a mean proportional (straight line or number), ib.13, 17, 8.11, 12, al.;μέσης εὕρεσις Arist.de An. 413a19
, Metaph. 996b21; μέση medial, a specific kind of irrational (straight line), Euc.10.21, al.; μέσον ὀρθογώνιον ([etym.] χωρίον) medial rectangle (area), ib.24, al.6 Astron., ὁ διὰ μέσων τῶν ζῳδίων κύκλος the ecliptic, Hipparch.1.9.3,4, Gem.2.21, Ptol.Alm.2.7: without κύκλος, Eudox. ap. Arist.Metaph. 1073b20, Hipparch.1.9.12; simply,ὁ διὰ μέσων D.L.7.146
; but, ὁ μέσος [κύκλος] the equator of a rotating sphere, Arist.Metaph. 1073b30.7 μέσα, τά, = μέζεα, Blaes.p.191 K.b = κοιλία 1.3, Herod.Med. ap. Orib.5.27.3, Gal.14.732: sg., Heph.Astr.1.1 (v.l. τὰ μέσα Cat.Cod.Astr.8(2).45).8 Μέσον, τό, one of the law-courts at Athens, Phot., Sch.Ar.V. 120.9 οὐ τοῖς μέσοις τῆς βίας χρωμένη no ordinary force, Hierocl.p.15 A.IV μέση, ἡ, as Subst., v. μέση.V Adv. μέσον, [dialect] Ep. μέσσον, in the middle, Il.12.167, Od.14.300: c. gen., between,οὐρανοῦ μ. χθονός <τε> E.Or. 983
(lyr.), cf. Arr.Epict.2.22.10; in the midst of,μ. τῆς θαλάσσης LXX Ex.14.27
;μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς Ep.Phil.2.15
: also in pl., (lyr.), cf. Nic.Fr.74.26.2 regul. Adv.μέσως, πόλεώς τ' οὐ μ. εὐδαίμονος E.Andr. 873
, cf. Hec. 1113, Isoc.9.23; καὶ μ. even in a moderate degree, even a little, Th.2.60; μ. ἔχειν πρός or περί τι to be in the mean.., Arist.EN 1105b28, 1119a11;θερμότερον ἢ κραυρότερον ἢ μ. ἔχον Eub.7.1
, cf. Sosip. 1.53; μ. βεβιωκέναι in a middle way, i. e. neither well nor ill, Pl.Phd. 113d;μ. μεθύων Men.226
; μ. διατιθέναι in an intermediate way, D.H. Comp.14.b Gramm., in the middle voice, A.D. Synt.276.21.VI irreg. [comp] Comp.μεσαίτερος Pl.Prm. 165b
: [comp] Sup.μεσαίτατος Hdt.4.17
, Arist.Mu. 392b33, Gem.9.3, etc.; poet.μεσσότατος A.R.4.649
, Man. 6.373. (Cf. Skt. mádhyas 'middle', Lat. medius, etc.) -
6 ἀνδρεία
ἀνδρεία, ἡ, [dialect] Ion. [suff] ἀνδραποδ-ηίη (Hdt.7.99), generally written [full] ἀνδρία in the Mss., in agreement with the opinion of A.D.Adv.136.8, refuted by Orusap.EM461.53:— ἀνδρεία is required by the metre in Ar.Nu. 510, andA may always stand in the few poet. passages where it occurs (Simon.58, A.Th.52, S.El. 983, E.Tr. 674): ἀνδρία is required in E. HF 475 μέγα φρονῶν ἐπ' ἀνδρίᾳ (s.v.l., εὐανδρίᾳ Elmsley): ἀνδρεία is also confirmed by the [dialect] Ion. form ἀνδρηίη:—manliness, manly spirit, opp. δειλία, Il.cc., cf. Arist.Rh. 1366b11, EN 1115a6; also of women, S.El. 983, Arist.Pol. 1260a22;ἀνδρεία ἡ περὶ τὰς ναυτιλίας Str.3.1.8
:—in pl., brave deeds, Pl.Lg. 922a; ironically,αἱ διὰ τῶν λόγων ἀνδρεῖαι D.Prooem.45
.II in bad sense, hardihood, insolence, D. Chr.12.13.III = ἡ τῶν ἀνδρῶν ἡλικία, Antipho.Soph.67a.IV membrum virile, Artem.1.45.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀνδρεία
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7 μετανάστης
μετανάστης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: On the meaning below; in Hom. only in ἀτίμητον μετανάστην (I 648 = P 59); posthom. `migrant, emigrant, fugitive' (Hdt. 7, 161 of the Athenians, Arat., Ph., pap.), f. - στις (Ph.) and - στρια (AP; like ἀγύρτης: ἀγύρτρια etc.); adj. μετανάστ-ιος `migrating, wandering' (AP, Nonn.), verb μεταναστ-εύω, - εύομαι `drive out, wander out, flee' (LXX, Str., Ph.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Already by Hdt. and his contemporaries understood as `wanderer' and as μετ-ανά-στη-ς connected with μετ-ανα-στῆ-ναι, μετ-ανάστασις `move, amigrate', resp. `removal, emigration' (Hdt., Th., Hp.), an interpretation, which J. Schmidt Pluralbild. 346 f. with Eust. a. o. (s. Schulze KZ 33, 137 = Kl. Schr. 372) with general approval (Schulze l.c., Bechtel Lex. s.v., Fraenkel KZ 42, 262 a. Nom. ag. 1, 129, Schwyzer 424 a. 451) worked out further. It would then however with metric-rhythmically conditioned haplology stand for *μετανα-στά-της (Fraenkel Glotta 1, 270ff.; cf. ἐπι-, παρα-, προ-στά-της etc.); an old root-noun μετανά-στη-ς as Skt. ni-ṣṭhā́-s, prati-ṣṭhā́-s a. o. (Schmidt l.c.) has no immediate agreement in Greek. As however this apparently further convincing interpretation is in conflict with the Homer. use of μετά and ἀνίστασθαι, Wackernagel Syntax 2, 246f. went back with Funck Curt. Stud. 9, 134 to the explanation (already given in the Thes.) as μετα-νάσ-της, from *μετα-ναίω `live with' like μεταναιέ-της (Hes.), - τάω (h. Cer.) `who lives with, live with'. As old parallel formation to Att. μέτ-οικος, Arg. πεδά-Ϝοικος and to μετοικέται κατὰ μέσον οἰκοῦντες H. μετανάστης will originally and still in Hom. have meant `who lives with, who lives among others (as foreigner), inhabitant'. Because of the disappearance of the verbal form with - νασ- and the gradual advance of μετα- `around' against μετα- `with' μετανάστης was already in class. times associted with the living μεταναστῆναι, μετανά-στασις. -- The deviating view of Leumann, Hom. Wörter 183 w. n. 30, μετα-νάσ-της would prop. be `migrant, in-wandrer', from μετα-ναίω `move', has the same objections as the connection with μεταναστῆναι.Page in Frisk: 2,217-218Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μετανάστης
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8 μῑκρός
μῑκρόςGrammatical information: adj.Meaning: `small, short, little'; on the meaning and use (beside ὀλίγος) in poetry Moorhouse Class. Quart. 41, 31 ff. (E 801, γ 296, Trag., Att.);Other forms: also σμικρός (P 757, Hes. Op. 361, Ion., trag., Att.), μικκός (Dor. Boeot.), μικός (Att. inscr. IVa, Trag. Adesp. 31, pap.).Compounds: Very often as 1. member, esp. in scient. and techn. language.Derivatives: Diminut. and hypocor.: μικύλος (Mosch. 1, 13); μικύ-θινον τὸ μικρόν καὶ νήπιον H.; *μικκιχος (cf. ὁσσίχος a.o. Chantraine Form. 404) in Lac. μικκιχιδδόμενος `under age' (inscr.; from *μικκιχίζομαι; cf. Schwyzer 331); cf. also the PN below. Abstract: ( σ)μικρότης f. `trigle, insignificance' (Anaxag., Pl.). Denomin.: ( σ)μικρύνω, also with prefix, esp. κατα-, `diminish, reduce, degrade' (Demetr. Eloc., LXX); κατασμικρίζω `id.' (Arist., Phld.), σμικρίζεσθαι διαττᾶσθαι H.; ἀποσμικρόω `id.' (Tim. Lex.). -- PN, e.g. Σμικρίνης m. "niggard" (Men.; as Αἰσχίνης etc.), Μίκων, Μικίων, Μίκυθος, - ίων, Σμικυθίων (Leumann Hom. Wörter 155 A. 129, Schulze Kl. Schr. 671).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On σμικρος (older) and μικρός with unexplained initial change Schwyzer 310f.; the ρ-suffix may come from the opposite μακρός (cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 160); diff. Bloomfield Lang. 1, 94: μικ-ρό-ς: μικ-υ-θός old ro: u-variation[improbable, s. below]. Through expressive gemination arose μικκός, and to this, with normal simplification of the κ, μικός. -- Without agreement outside Greek. One can compare on the one hand Lat. mīca `crumb, corn, a little' (might stand for * smīk-ā), on the other hand Germ. words for `small' with IE ē-vowel, e.g. OHG smāhi `small, little, low' with smāhen `reduce', NHG schmähen; one might bring together these forms under IE smē[i]k-: smīk-. Further there are adj. for `graceful, elegant' with IE g, e.g. OE smicre `elegant, nice', Lith. su-smìžęs `small, crippled'. The varying form is with a word of this meaning not surprising; on the symbolic character of the i (against α in μακρός) Sieberer Sprache 2, 118 n. 73 (p. 119).-- The connection with the comparativ μείων, with the κ taken from the opposite μακρός (Seiler Steigerungsformen 115), fails because of the clearly older σμικρός, which cannot be combined with μείων (to Skt. minā́ti `reduce' etc.). -- More material WP. 2, 685f., Pok. 966f., W.-Hofmann s. mīca. - The varying initial points rather to a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,236-237Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μῑκρός
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9 ξέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `shave, carve, smooth, polish'.Other forms: Aor. ξέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. ξεσθῆναι, perf. midd. ἔξεσμαι (IA.), fut. ξέσω (Paul. Aeg.), perf. act. ἔξεκα (Choerob.), Vbaladj. ξεστός (Il.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 16).Derivatives: 1. ξέσις ( ἀπό-) f. `smoothing, carving' (Thphr., Delph. IVa); 2. ξέσματα pl. `carving, chips, carved objects' (M. Ant., AP); 3. ξεσμοῖς dat. pl. H. as explanation of σπαράγμασι. 4. ξόανον n. `(carved) image og (a) god' (S., E., X.), name of a (carved?) musical instrument (S. Fr. 238); ξοάνων προθύρων ἐξεσμένων H.; formation like ὄχανον (: ἔχω), πλόκανον (: πλέκω) a.o. (Chantraine 198; not with Bq, WP. 1, 450 a.o. from ξύω; nor with Latte Glotta 32, 35 f. subst. adj.); dimin. ξοάνιον (Anaphe IIa). 5. ξοΐς, - ίδος f. `chisel' (hell. inscr.) with ξοΐδιον (pap. IIIp) and ξοΐτης m. name of a profession (Isauria; Redard 36); prob. directly from ξέω after κοπίς, δορίς a.o. (cf. Chantraine 338); ξοός ξυσμός, ὁλκός H. 6. Of the prefixed forms: διαξόος m. `sculptor' (Delph. 341a), ἀμφί-ξοος (- ους) `smoothing round about' (AP); ἐπι-, κατα-, παρα-ξοή, -ά `carving, smoothing etc.' (inscr.). -- On itself stand with lengthened grade ξώστρα ψηκτρίς, ψήκτρια H. (acc. to WP. 1, 450 a.o. rather to ξύω).Origin: ??Etymology: With ξύω (and ξαίνω?) cognate (s. vv.); without close agreement outside Greek. The stem ξεσ-, reconstructed from ξεσ-τός, ξέσ-(σ)αι a.o., which is at the basis of all forms cited above, is after traditional interpretation to be analysed as ξ-εσ-(= ks-es-) and to be interpreted as zero grade with εσ-enlargement (cf. on τρέω) of the IE root * kes- in OCS čes-ati `comb' a.o. (s. κέσ-κεον) `scratch, comb' (e.g. Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3, 343 with Persson Stud. 88); connection with κεάζω a. cogn. (s. v.) can as well be considered. -- Diff. suggestion in Schwyzer 269 and 329: ξέω metathesized from * kes-ō (= OCS čes-)? Mann Lang. 28,40 compares Alb. shesh `raze, level', supposedly from *ksesi̯ō. Zie by keskeon!!! Waarom dan niet kses-keon??Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξέω
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10 πίθος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `large, mostly earthen vessel for storing wine etc., which is open at the top' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. qeto.Compounds: Some compp., e.g. πιθ-οίγ-ια n. `ceremony for the opening of vessels' (Plu.); cf. on οἴγνυμι.Derivatives: πιθάκνη (Thasos Va, also in mss. of Att. beside) φιδάκνη (A., D., Thphr., Moer.), Dor. πισάκνα (H.) f.; diminutiv. like κυλίχνη, πελίχνη a.o. (Chantraine Form. 195); - άκνη for - ίκνη (from - ίχνη n-. breathdissim.) because of ι in πιθ-[? improbable]; Att. φιδ- for φιτ- (cf. χιτών) after φείδομαι?; πιθάκνιον n. (Eub., Hyp., Luc.), - νίς f., φιδ- (Poll.). -- Other derivv.: 1. diminut. πιθ-ίσκος m. (Plu. Cam. 20), - άριον n. (H., EM); 2. πιθ-(ε)ών, - ῶνος m. `cellar' (com., inscr. IV--IIIa); 3. - ίας m. `jar-shaped comet' (Seneca; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107); 4. - ῖτις, - ιδος f. `kind of poppy' (Dsc.; Redard 75); 5. - ώδης `like a jar' (Arist.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Without exact agreement outside Greek. Great similarity show Lat. fidēlia f. `vase of clay, glass etc.', whih may stand for * fides-liā, and some northgerm. words, e.g. OWNo. biða f. `milktub'. So it would be a a very old designation of a vessel; common IE basis * bhidh-. Details a. rich lit. (and further connection with * bheidh- `bind' which is to be rejected) in W.-Hofmann s.v.; also WP. 2, 185 and Pok. 153. -- Lat. fiscus deviates semantically and is phonetically unclear. - The Myc. form shows that this is a Pre-Greek word. Also φιδ- is problematic.Page in Frisk: 2,534-535Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πίθος
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11 πύματος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `utmost, last' (Il.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Fixed superlative without agreement outside Greek; on the formation Schwyzer KZ 63, 60. Remote connection may exist with Skt. púnar `back, again, further', ardly however with OHG fon(a) ` von' (IE * pu-n-??; but OS fan(a) `id.' with orig. -o-). As IE *po (e.g. in Lat. po-situs) is considered as zero grade of * apo (= * h₂po from * h₂epo) `from, away', *pu would stand beside * apu, which is found only in Arc. Cypr. Lesb. Thess. ἀπυ and there may have arisen phonetically from ἀπο. -- Schwyzer-Debrunner 444 w. n. 3 a. further lit.; s. also πύννος; also πρυμνός. For a separate prep. pu Bechtel Lex. s. πύματος (after Bugge BB 14, 68).Page in Frisk: 2,624Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύματος
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12 σκότος
Grammatical information: m.,Meaning: `darkness, dark', also of the dark before the eyes = `swindle' (Il.).Other forms: Also n. (since Va; after φῶς a. o., extensively Egli Heteroklisie 64 f.)Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σκοτο-μήν-ιος "having the moon in the dark", `moon-darkness, moonless', adjunct of νύξ (ξ 457), univerbation of σκότος and μήν(η); besides the abstract σκοτο-μην-ία f. `moonlessnes, moonless night' (hell.), also σκοτο-μήνη `id.' (Democr.[?], LXX) and (after the nom. in - αινα) σκοτό-μαινα f. `id.' (AP a.o.); cf. Sommer Nominalkomp. 57 (slightly diff.). Further σκοτο-διν-ία, Ion. - ίη f. `swindle' (Hp., Pl.) with - δινιάω (Ar., Pl.); also - δινος m. `id.' (Hp.; after δῖνος); diff. Georgacas Glotta 36, 182.Derivatives: Several derivv. A. Adj.: 1. σκότιος `dark, secretly, illegitimate', in Crete also = ἄνηβος (esp. ep. poet. Z 24; cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 108 against Leumann Hom. Wörter 284); to this σκοτίας δραπέτης H. 2. σκοτ-αῖος `in the dark, dark' (IA.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Schwyzer 467). 3. - εινός `darkness' (A.; after φαεινός a. o.) with - εινότης f. (Pl.), - εινῶδες H. s. νυθῶδες. 4. - όεις `id.' (Hp., Emp., hell. ep.; Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28f.); Σκοτοῦσ(σ)α (- όεσσα) f. town in Thessaly (hell.). 5. - ώδης `dark, dizzy' (IA.) with - ωδία f. (late). 6. - ερός `dark' (hell. poet.). -- B. Subst. 1. σκοτία f. = σκότος (Ar., LXX, NT a.o.); or to σκότιος as e.g. ὁσία: ὅσιος?; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 38 w. n. 4. 2. σκοταρία ζόφος. Άχαιοί H. 3. Σκοτίτας m. surn. of Zeus (Paus. 3, 10, 6); explanation debated; cf., except LSJ, Redard 212, Hitzig -Blümner ad loc., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 229. 4. Σκοτία (- ιά) f. surn. of Aphrodite (H., EM; Scheller Oxyt. 129 w. n. 2). -- C. Verbs: 1. σκοτόομαι, - όω, also w. ἀπο-, συν-, `it becomes dark before my eyes, I'm passing out; to pass out, to darken' (Att. etc.; on the meaning Chantraine Sprache 1, 147 f.) with σκότ-ωμα, - ωσις (hell. a. late). 2. ἐπι-σκοτ-έω `to shroud in darkness, to darken' (Hp., Att.; like ἐπι-θυμ-έω, - χειρ-έω a. o.) with - ησις f. (Plu. a. o.), - ος adj. (Pi. Pae. 9, 5; v. l.). 3. σκοτάω in 3. pl. σκοτόωσι `their sight becomes darkened' (Nic.). 4. σκοτ-άζω, mostly w. συν-, `to become dark, to darken' (Att. etc.; in the older language only impersonal) with - ασμός m. (late). 5. - ίζω, also w. ἐπι-, ἀπο-, κατα-, `to darken' (hell. a. late) with - ισμός, - ισις (sp.). 6. σκοτ-εύει δραπετεύει H. (cf. σκοτίας ab. A. 1).Etymology: Without direct non-Gr. agreement, σκότος has a very close cognate in a Germ. word for `shadow': Goth. skadus, OE sceadu (also `darkness'), OHG scato, -( a)wes, PGm. * skaðu- (after the opposite * haiðu- prop. `light-appearance' [= Skt. ketú-] in Goth. haidus `art and way' a. o.?). Besides stand in Celt. forms with lengthened grade, e.g. OIr. scāth n. `shadow', IE * skōto- or * skāto- (diff. s. σκιά). WP. 2, 600 (w. older lit.), Pok. 957; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,739-740Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκότος
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13 στέαρ
στέαρ, στέατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `(standing) fat, tallow' (opposite πιμελή), also `dough' = σταῖς (Od., Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: Dimin. στεάτ-ιον n. (Alex., Paul. Aeg.), - ώδης `tallowy' (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ινος `of tallow, of dough' (Aesop.), - ωμα n. `tallow formation, fat-tumour' with - ωμάτιον n. (medic.), - ῖται πλακοῦντες H. as expl. of πίονες; - όομαι `to be tallowed' (LXX), `to suffer from a fat-tumour' (Hippiatr.); also στε-άζω `to tallow' (Al.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1010] *steh₂i̯-r̥Etymology: Old formation like πῖαρ, οὖθαρ a.o. (Schwyzer 518, Benveniste Origines 19, 27 a. 169); without immediate agreement outside Greek. Can stand for *στῆι̯αρ, -στᾱι̯αρ (from which with metathesis στέᾱρ [LSJ Add. et Corr. s. v.]), which makes connection with Av. stā(y)- m. `heap, mass' possible (but instr. pl. stāiš). To this with zero grade Skt. stī-má- `slow' of waters, in antevoc. position sty-āna- `curdled, fixed, stiff', prob. also stíyāḥ nom. pl. approx. `standing waters' (opposite síndhavaḥ `rivers'; RV) etc.; s. στία. -- Not here σταῖς (s. v.) and ἀγχιστῖνος (s. ἄγχι).Page in Frisk: 2,779-780Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέαρ
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14 στέατος
στέαρ, στέατοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `(standing) fat, tallow' (opposite πιμελή), also `dough' = σταῖς (Od., Hp., X., Arist. etc.).Derivatives: Dimin. στεάτ-ιον n. (Alex., Paul. Aeg.), - ώδης `tallowy' (Hp., Arist. a. o.), - ινος `of tallow, of dough' (Aesop.), - ωμα n. `tallow formation, fat-tumour' with - ωμάτιον n. (medic.), - ῖται πλακοῦντες H. as expl. of πίονες; - όομαι `to be tallowed' (LXX), `to suffer from a fat-tumour' (Hippiatr.); also στε-άζω `to tallow' (Al.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1010] *steh₂i̯-r̥Etymology: Old formation like πῖαρ, οὖθαρ a.o. (Schwyzer 518, Benveniste Origines 19, 27 a. 169); without immediate agreement outside Greek. Can stand for *στῆι̯αρ, -στᾱι̯αρ (from which with metathesis στέᾱρ [LSJ Add. et Corr. s. v.]), which makes connection with Av. stā(y)- m. `heap, mass' possible (but instr. pl. stāiš). To this with zero grade Skt. stī-má- `slow' of waters, in antevoc. position sty-āna- `curdled, fixed, stiff', prob. also stíyāḥ nom. pl. approx. `standing waters' (opposite síndhavaḥ `rivers'; RV) etc.; s. στία. -- Not here σταῖς (s. v.) and ἀγχιστῖνος (s. ἄγχι).Page in Frisk: 2,779-780Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέατος
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