κερά-σαι

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to spread out, to unfold, to open' (Att.).

Other forms: πίτνημι, - άω (Il.; ἔπιτνον Hes. Sc. 291), πετ-άζω (LXX), - άω (Luc.), aor. πετά-σ(σ)αι. Pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπταμαι (all Il.), πεπέτασμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., D. S.), act. πεπέτακα (D. S.), fut. πετ-άσω (E. in lyr.), - άσσω (Nonn.), -ῶ (Men.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. ἐκ-, ἀνα-, κατα-.

Derivatives: 1. πέταλον n. `leaf' (Il.), `metal, resp. gold plating' (Att. inscr.); also - ηλα pl. (Hes. Sc.; metr. condit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 123 w. n. 91); πετάλ-ιον, - ια (on the accent etc. Scheller Oxytonierung 46f.), - ίς, - ειον, - ῖτις, - ώδης, - όω, - ωσις, - ίζω, - ισμός; hypostasis ἐμπεταλ-ίς ἔδεσμα διὰ τυροῦ σκευαζόμενον H. (: ἐν πετάλῳ). 2. πέτασος m. (f.) `broad-brimmed hat', also metaph. (hell.), with πετάσ-ιον, - ώδης, - ών, - ῖτις. 3. ( κατα-, παρα-, ὑπο- etc.) πέτασμα n. `blanket, curtain etc.' (IA.). 4. ἐκπέτασις f. `spreading out' (Plu.). 5. πετασμός m. `id.' (LXX). 6. πέταχνον (- ακνον H.) n. `open drinking bowl' (Alex.; like κυλίχνη a.o.; Chantraine Form. 195). 7. πέτηλος (- λός) `grown' ( μόσχος, βοῦς; Ath., H. [" ἀναπεπταμένα τὰ κέρατα ἔχων"]). 8. ἀναπετ-ής `spread out' with - εια f. `spreading out' (medic.). 9. ἐκπέτα-λος `open, flat' (Mosch., ἀγγεῖον). -- On themselves stand with unclear meaning development: πετήλας τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ θαμνώδεις φοίνικας; πετηλίς ἀκρίς H.; πετηλίας καρκίνος (Ael.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [824] * peth₂- `spread out'

Etymology: The pair πετά-σαι: πίτ-νη-μι agrees a.o. with κερά-σαι: κίρ-νη-μι, πελά-σασθαι: πίλ-να-μαι (s. vv.); to this πέ-πτᾰ-μαι (with short vowel from -h₂, Schwyzer 770 w. n. 6); after πετά-σαι the present πετά-ννυμι etc. (like κερά-σαι: κερά-ννυμι a.o.). -- Without direct agreement outside Greek but with several cognates. With redced a-vowel intr. Lat. pateō, - ēre `stand open', with patulus `spread out broadly'; perhaps also the nasal present pa-n-d-ō `spread out'. In other languages several verbal nouns, e.g. Av. paʮana- `wide, broad', Lith. petỹs m. `shoulder, arm-pit', Germ., e.g. OWNo. faðmr m. prop. *'extension (of the arms)', `embrace, bosom'. With l-suffix like πέτα-λον OHG fedel-gold n. `leaf-gold'. Further connections w. rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. pateō and pandō, Fraenkel s. petỹs; also WP. 2, 18 u. Pok. 824. -- Prob. not here πατάνη. l

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `mix, mix up' esp. of wine with water, `temper' (of the climate etc.) (Com., Hyp.)

Other forms: also κεραννύω (Com., Hyp.), κεραίω (Ι 203, Delph. V^a), κεράω (Od.; subj. κέρωνται Δ 260), κίρνημι, - νάω (Od.), aor. κεράσ(σ)αι (Il.), also ( ἐπι-)κρῆσαι (η 164, Hp.), pass. κρᾱθῆναι, κρηθῆναι (IA), also κερασθῆναι (Att.), perf. med. κέκρᾱμαι, - κρη- (Sapph., Pi., IA), also κεκέρασμαι (Arist.), fut. κερῶ (Att.), κεράσω (Them.), pass. κρᾱθήσομαι (Att.),

Dialectal forms: Myc. karatera

Compounds: also with prefix, esp. συν-

Derivatives: A. Of κρᾱ- ( κρη-): 1. κρᾶσις, κρῆσις ( σύγκρ. etc.) `mix' (IA) with *κρᾱσίον \> ModGr. κρασί `wine' (Kretschmer Glotta 15, 64f., Hatzidakis ib. 139f.; on the meaning of κρᾶσις s. Den Dulk Κρᾶσις. Bijdrage tot de Grieksche Lexicographie. Diss. Leiden 1934). 2. κρᾶμα (rarely also κράμμα after βάμμα a. o.), Ion. κρῆμα `mix, alloy', also `mixed wine' (Ion. hell.) with κραμάτιον (Dsc.) and κραμ(μ)άτινος `consisting of an alloy' (pap.). 3. κρᾱτήρ, κρητήρ m. "mixer", `mixing bowl', also metaph., `Krater' (Il.; on the meaning Brommer Herm. 77, 359 a. 366) with κρατηρία `id.' (Dsc.; Scheller Oxytonierung 54) and the diminutiva κρατήριον, κρη- (Hp.), κρατηρ-ίδιον (Boeot., J.), - ίσκος (Delos III^a, Ath.); κρατηρίζω "drink a bowl", `intoxicate oneself' (Sophr., D.; cf. Wackernagel Glotta 14, 52f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 860f.). 4. compounds like ἄ-κρᾱ-τος (- η-) `unmixed' (Il.), αὑτο-κρη-ής "mixed with itself", i. e. `unmixed' (Nic. Al. 163), αὑτό-κρας `id.' (Poll.). - B. Of κερᾰ-: κατα-κέρασις `mixing (with water)' (Arist.), κέρασμα `id.' (hell.), συγ-κερασμός `id.' (gloss.), κεραστός ( εὑ-, ἐγ-κέρ.) `mixed' (D. H., Plu., APl.), κεραστής `mixer' (Orph.), ἐπι-, κατα-κεραστικός `causing a (real) mix' (medic.), μετά-κερας adj. n. `tempered, lukewarm' (Com.), αὑτό-κερας, also as adv. `unmixed' (Poll., Phryn.; cf. αὑτοκρηής). S. also on 2. ἀκήρατος. In the meaning `unxed' ( οἶνος; Dsc. 5, 6, 10) ἀκέραιος is a reinterpretation of ἀκέραιος `undamaged'; s. on 1. ἀκήρατος.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [582] *ḱerh₂- `mix;

Etymology: With the verbal adjective (ἄ)-κρᾱτος agrees Skt ptc. ā́-śīr-ta- `mixed'; both Gr. κρᾱ-, κρη- and Skt. śīr- represent the zero grade of a disyll. root. This root is seen in κερά-σαι (beside analogical κεράσ-σαι); (there is no Skt. *á-śari-ṣam). Nasal presents are Skt. śrī-ṇā́-ti and κίρ-νη-μι; both forms however are renewed or reshaped. An IE. *ḱr-nā-ti should have been Skt. *śr̥-ṇā́-ti (seen in the homonymous word for `break'), and Gr. *κάρ-νη-σι; the ι in κίρνημι is rather innovation after the reduplicating presents τίθημι, γίγνομαι etc. than old reduced grade. - To old κερά-σαι came the innovations κεραίω, κεράω, κεράννυμι (Schwyzer 676, 681, 697) just like κερῶ, κεράσω, κερασθῆναι, κεκέρασμαι (both with analogical σ); old(er) were κρᾱ-θῆναι, κέ-κρᾱ-μαι (like βλη-θῆναι, βέ-βλη-μαι a. o.). - Another system is provided by Oldiranian in the also semantically deviating Av. sar- `unite' (which must perhaps be separated; Gonda Acta Or. 14, 201; s. also Wackernagel-Debrunner KZ 67, 174 = Kl. Schr. 1, 390) - Further Pok. 582.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to take for selling, to sell' (Il.).

Other forms: πέρναμαι (Il.), aor. περασ(σ)αι (Il., also Aeol. a. Ion. inscr.) w. fut. inf. περάαν (Φ 454), pass. πρᾱθῆναι, Ion. πρηθ-, w. fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. πέπρᾱμαι, - ημαι (IA.), w. fut. πεπράσομαι (Ar., X.); as young Att. innovations act. πέπρᾱκα and pres. πιπράσκομαι, later -ω (Thphr. [?], Luc., Plu.), - ήσκω (Call.); further forms: ἔπρησα (Samos VI^a; to ἐπήθην), πέρνησον πώλησον H. (from present); πεπερημένος (Φ 58; for πεπρημένος after περάσαι).

Compounds: Also w. ἀπο-, παρα-, συν- a.o..

Derivatives: 1. πρᾶσις, Ion. πρῆσις f. ( διά-, ἀπό- πέρνημι a.o.) `sale' (IA.) with πράσιμος `for sale' (Pl., X.; Arbenz 64 a. 66). 2. ἀπόπραμα n. `sub-letting' (hell. pap.). 3. πρατήρ, Ion. πρη- m. `salesman' (IA.) with - ήριον n. `selling point, market' (Hdt.; hell.); also πράτωρ, - ορος m. `id.' (hell. inscr. a. pap.; προ- πέρνημι Din. a. Is. in Poll.) with πρατορεύω `to act as a salesman' (Tenos III<sup>a</sup>). 4. πράτης, - ου m. `id.' (also συμ-, προ- πέρνημι; Att. orator in Poll., pap.); in late papp. etc. often in compounds like ἐλαιο-, οἰνο-πρά-της; cf. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 43 f. a. 214. 5. πρατικός in -ή, - όν `sales tax', resp. `sale on commission' (pap.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [817] * perh₂- `sell'

Etymology: The system περᾰ́-σαι: πέ-πρᾱ-μαι, πρᾱ-θῆναι agrees with zu κερᾰ́σαι: κέ-κρᾱ-μαι, κρᾱ-θῆναι; also with πελᾰ́-σαι: πέ-πλη-μαι, πλῆ-το (s. κεράννυμι and πέλας) etc.; to this πέρ-νη-μι, περ-να-μαι with analog. ε for orig. zero grade, which appears in πορνάμεν πωλεῖν, πορνάμεναι πωλούμεναι H. (Aeol.). The antiquity of this present formation is shown by the identical forms in Celt., OIr. renim `sell' (IE *pr̥-neh₂-: *pr̥-nh₂-); cf. κίρνημι, πίλναμαι. Further without exact non-Gr. agreement. The word represents an old branch of the great family of πείρω, πέρᾱ (s. vv.); on the development of the meaning Schulze Kl. Schr. 203 n. 3, Benveniste BSL 51, 38. -- As present and aor. act. were used for the vanishing πέρνημι, πέρναμαι and περάσαι, esp. in Ion. and Att., other verbs: πωλεῖν ( πωλῆσαι) and ἀποδόσθαι ( ἀποδίδοσθαι), also in fut. πωλήσω and ἀποδώσομαι; s. Chantraine Rev. de phil. 66, 11ff. w. further details a. lit. S. also πόρνη.

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Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `potter's earth, tiling, earthen vessel, jar, wine-jar, pottery' (Il.), Ε 387 (subterranean) dungeon, Cyprian acc. sch., but see Leumann Hom. Wörter 270 n. 17 and 273 (cf. Latte Glotta 34, 200ff. with arguments against, also σιρός πίθος, δεσμωτήριον H. (s. Bechtel Dial. 1, 450).

Dialectal forms: Myc. kerameu

Compounds: Compp., e. g. κεραμουργός `potter' (hell.).

Derivatives: A. material adjectives: κερά-μινος (Hdt.), - μικός (IA), - μεος (Pl.), - μεοῦς (Att.; after ἐρεοῦς from ἐρέα), - μοῦς (hell.), - μαῖος (Plb.), - μιος (Str.), -μήϊος (Nic.), - μῖτις (Hp., Plu.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 107). - B. Subst. 1. κεραμεύς `potter' (Il.) with Κεραμεικός m. "potter's market", also as adj. = - μικός (X.), κεραμευτικός `belonging to the potter' (D. S.), κεραμεῖον `pottery' (Att.), κεραμεύω `make of potter's earth, be potter' (Att.) with κεραμεία `pottery' (Pl.). 2. κεράμιον `earthen jar, vase' (IA) with κεραμύλλιον `small pot' (Delos, pap., III<sup>a</sup>; Leumann Glotta 32, 215). 3. κεραμίς f. `roof-tile' (IA) with κεραμίδιον (late) and κεραμιδόω `cover with tiles' (Arist.). 4. κεραμ(ε)ών `pottery' (Ar. Lys. 200, Hdn. Gr. 1, 32; 40). - Denomin. verb κεραμόω `cover with tiles' (Att. inscr.) with κεραμωτός (Plb., Str.), κεράμωσις (Epid. IV^a).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: No certain etym. The connection with κερά-σαι, κεράννυμι (Prellwitz) is formally unproblematic, but semantically not quite convincing. Direct connection with Lat. cremāre as "terra coctilis" (Vaniček) is formally hard to found; we would like better a verb * kerH- `burn, heat, glow' (Pokorny 571f.), which has been assumed in several Baltic and Germanic nominal derivations, e. g. Lith. kárštas `hot, glowing, burning', Goth. haúri n. `coals', OHG herd `hearth'; one adduced also Skt. kūḍayati `singe, burn'; impossible is Lith. kùrti `fire, heat', as it is prop. `make fire', s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. v. As however among the words in -( α)μο- there are several suspect of being loans (Chantraine Formation 133f., Schwyzer 493f.), is for this technical term for tile-making also Pre-Greek-Anatolian origin possible; not the Carian GN Κέραμος (Kretschmer Glotta 11, 284, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 694). On a proto-Hattic term s. Laroche BSL 51, p. XXXIV.

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Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to wrestle, to insist on wrestling' (Il.).

Other forms: Aeol. - αιμι, Boeot. - ήω (Hdn. Gr.). Aor. - αῖσαι, - αισθῆναι, fut. - αίσω.

Compounds: Also with προσ-, κατα-, συν-.

Derivatives: 1. Παλαίμων, - ονος m. "wrestler", only as name of a sea-god and surn. of Heracles (E., Call., Lyc., inscr.); from the unattested appellative παλαι-μον-έω = παλαίω (Pi.) and παλαι(σ)μο-σύνη f. `art of wrestling' (Hom., Simon., Wyss - σύνη 24; perh. with anal. -( σ)μο- directly from παλαίω after Porzig Satzinhalte 223). 2. πάλαι-σμα n. `wrestling, bout in wrestling, trick' (IA.), 3. - σις f. `prize fight' (Ptol.); 4. - στής m. `wrestler', fighter' (θ 246) with - στικός `belonging to wrestling, to the wrestler' (Arist.); 5. -στρᾱ f. `wrestling school, gymnasium, arena' (IA.) with - στρίδιον, - στρίτης, - στρικός, - στριαῖος. -- On itself stands πάλη f. `wrestling, wrestling match' (Il.) as backformation (Schwyzer 421 n. 3) with ἀντί-παλος m. `opponent, coequal' (Pi., IA.), δυσ-παλής `hard to battle' (Pi.; with transition to the σ-stems) a.o.; thus διαπάλ-η f. (Pln.) from δια-παλαίω (Ar., Ph.).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: If παλαίω can be compared with κεραίω (: κερά-σαι), λαγαίω (: λαγάσαι) a.o. (Schwyzer 676), the non-pres. tempora must have been second. formed; παίω, which is itself unclear, and the by Schw. l.c. adduced monosyll. present-stems are no help. Etymol. unclear; cf. on πάλλω and πέλομαι, also πελεμίζω. -- Older attempts in Bq.

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