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parliament+office

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61 passage

'pæsi‹
noun

1) (a long narrow way through, eg a corridor through a building: There was a dark passage leading down to the river between tall buildings.) pasillo, pasadizo

2) (a part of a piece of writing or music: That is my favourite passage from the Bible.) pasaje; episodio

3) ((usually of time) the act of passing: the passage of time.) paso

4) (a journey by boat: He paid for his passage by working as a steward.) viaje, travesía

passage n

1. pasillo / pasadizo

my office is at the end of the passage mi despacho está al final del pasillo

2. trozo / pasaje

I'll read you a passage from the book te leeré un pasaje del libro

passage

tr['pæsɪʤ]

noun

1 (in street) pasaje nombre masculino; (alleyway) callejón nombre masculino; (narrow) pasadizo

2 (in building - corridor) pasillo

3 (way, movement - gen) paso; (of vehicle) tránsito, paso

4 (of time) paso, transcurso

5 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL (journey) travesía, viaje nombre masculino; (fare) pasaje nombre masculino

6 (writing, music) pasaje nombre masculino

7 (of law, bill, etc) aprobación nombre femenino

8 SMALLANATOMY/SMALL conducto

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to grant somebody a safe passage darle a alguien un salvoconducto

back passage SMALLANATOMY/SMALL recto

passage ['pæsɪʤ] n

1) passing: paso m

the passage of time: el paso del tiempo

2) passageway: pasillo m (dentro de un edificio), pasaje m (entre edificios)

3) voyage: travesía f (por el mar), viaje m

to grant safe passage: dar un salvoconducto

4) section: pasaje m (en música o literatura)

passage

n.

• camino s.m.

• galería s.f.

• pasada s.f.

• pasadizo s.m.

• pasaje s.m.

• pasillo s.m.

• paso s.m.

• tramo s.m.

• transcurso s.m.

• trozo s.m.

• trámite s.m.

• tránsito s.m.

• vía s.f.

'pæsɪdʒ
noun

1) c

a) ( alleyway) callejón m, pasaje m; ( narrow) pasadizo m

b) ( corridor) (esp BrE) pasillo m, corredor m

secret passage — pasadizo m secreto

c) ( Anat) conducto m

back passage — (euph) recto m

2) u

a) ( right to pass) (frml) derecho m de tránsito; ( movement) paso m

the passage of the bill through parliament — la discusión del proyecto en el parlamento

b) ( transition) paso m

c) ( lapse)

the passage of time — el paso or el transcurso del tiempo

3) c ( voyage) viaje m, travesía f; ( fare) pasaje m

4) c ( extract) pasaje m, trozo m

['pæsɪdʒ]
1. N

1) (=corridor) pasillo m ; (between buildings, underground) pasaje m ; (=alley) callejón m

• a house full of secret passages — una casa llena de pasadizos secretos

2) (Anat) conducto m

• nasal passages — conductos nasales
back
3) (=voyage) travesía f, viaje m ; (=fare) pasaje m

• to work one's passage — trabajar a bordo a cambio del pasaje

4) (=access, way through) paso m

his bodyguards forced a passage through the crowds — sus guardaespaldas se abrieron camino or paso entre la muchedumbre

• their win has given them an easy passage to the final — han llegado fácilmente a la final tras esta victoria

• free passage — paso m libre

• right of passage — derecho m de paso

• safe passage — salvoconducto m

5) (=progress) paso m

his passage through life had not been easy — su paso por la vida no había sido fácil

the opposition was giving the bill a rough passage through Parliament — la oposición estaba obstruyendo la aprobación del proyecto de ley en el Parlamento

• the passage of time — el paso del tiempo

• with the passage of time — con el (paso del) tiempo
bird 2.
6) (=transition) paso m

• one's passage into womanhood/manhood — el paso de uno a la edad adulta

the passage of summer into autumn — el paso del verano al otoño

the book charts her passage into madness — el libro recoge su descenso a la locura

• to ease their passage from a socialist to a market economy — para facilitar la transición or el paso de una economía socialista a una de mercado
rite 2.
7) (=section) [of book, music] pasaje m

2.

CPD

passage money † N — pasaje m

* * *
['pæsɪdʒ]
noun

1) c

a) ( alleyway) callejón m, pasaje m; ( narrow) pasadizo m

b) ( corridor) (esp BrE) pasillo m, corredor m

secret passage — pasadizo m secreto

c) ( Anat) conducto m

back passage — (euph) recto m

2) u

a) ( right to pass) (frml) derecho m de tránsito; ( movement) paso m

the passage of the bill through parliament — la discusión del proyecto en el parlamento

b) ( transition) paso m

c) ( lapse)

the passage of time — el paso or el transcurso del tiempo

3) c ( voyage) viaje m, travesía f; ( fare) pasaje m

4) c ( extract) pasaje m, trozo m

English-spanish dictionary > passage
62 rise

1. past tense - rose; verb
1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) aumentar; subir

2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) elevarse

3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) levantarse

4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) levantarse

5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) levantarse

6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) elevarse

7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) levantarse/sublevarse contra

8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) ascender, subir

9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) nacer

10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) levantarse; hacerse/soplar más fuerte

11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) alzarse, erigirse

12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) resucitar

2. noun
1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) ascenso, subida

2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) aumento

3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) subida, cuesta

4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) grandeza, auge

•

- rising

3. adjective
the rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) saliente; creciente, en aumento, en alza

- early
- late riser
- give rise to
- rise to the occasion

rise¹ n aumento / subida

a rise in temperature un aumento de las temperaturas

rise² vb

1. subir

the balloon rose into the air el globo subió en el aire

2. aumentar / subir

the price of petrol has risen by 12% this year el precio de la gasolina ha subido un 12% este año

3. crecer

the river is rising after the rain el río crece después de la lluvia

4. salir

the sun rises in the morning el sol sale por la mañana

El pasado de rise es rose y el participio pasado es risen; el gerundio se escribe rising

rise

tr[raɪz]

noun

1 ascenso, subida

2 (increase) aumento

3 (slope) subida, cuesta

intransitive verb (pt rose tr[rəʊz], pp risen tr['rɪzən])

1 ascender, subir

2 (increase) aumentar

3 (stand up) ponerse de pie

4 (get up) levantarse

5 (sun) salir

6 (river) nacer

7 (level of river) crecer

8 (mountains) elevarse

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

to give rise to dar origen a

to rise to the occasion ponerse a la altura de las circunstancias

rise ['raɪz] vi, rose ['ro:z] ; risen ['rɪz-ə n] ; rising

1) get up: levantarse

to rise to one's feet: ponerse de pie

2) : elevarse, alzarse

the mountains rose to the west: las montañas se elevaron al oeste

3) : salir (dícese del sol y de la luna)

4) : subir (dícese de las aguas, del humo, etc.)

the river rose: las aguas subieron de nivel

5) increase: aumentar, subir

6) originate: nacer, proceder

7)

to rise in rank : ascender

8)

to rise up rebel: sublevarse, rebelarse

rise n

1) ascent: ascensión f, subida f

2) origin: origen m

3) elevation: elevación f

4) increase: subida f, aumento m, alzamiento m

5) slope: pendiente f, cuesta f

rise (Slope)

n.

• desnivel (Pen diente) s.m.

n.

• alza s.f.

• crecimiento s.m.

• cuesta s.f.

• elevación s.f.

• levantamiento s.m.

• origen s.m.

• peralte s.m.

• salida s.f.

• subida s.f.

• subido s.m.

v.

(§ p.,p.p.: rose, risen) = crecer v.

• encumbrar v.

• enriscar v.

• leudar v.

• levantarse v.

• nacer v.

• salir v.

(§pres: salgo, sales...) fut/c: saldr-•)

• subir v.

• surgir v.

I raɪz
noun

1)

a) (upward movement - of tide, level) subida f; (- in pitch) elevación f

to get a rise out of somebody — (colloq) conseguir* que alguien se fastidie

to take the rise out of somebody — (colloq) tomarle el pelo a alguien (fam)

b) (increase - in prices, interest rates) subida f, aumento m, alza f‡ (frml), suba f (RPl); (- in pressure, temperature) aumento m, subida f; (- in number, amount) aumento m

to be on the rise — ir* en aumento, estar* aumentando

c) ( in pay) (BrE) aumento m, incremento m (frml)

a pay rise — un aumento or (frml) un incremento salarial

d) ( improvement) mejora f

a rise in living standards — una mejora en el nivel de vida

2) ( advance) ascenso m, ascensión f

the rise of Manchester as an industrial city — el surgimiento de Manchester como ciudad industrial

the rise and fall of somebody/something — la grandeza y decadencia de alguien/algo, el auge y (la) caída de alguien/algo

to give rise to something — \<\<to belief\>\> dar* origen or lugar a algo; \<\<to dispute\>\> ocasionar or causar algo; \<\<to ideas\>\> suscitar algo

3) ( slope) subida f, cuesta f

II

(past rose; past p risen 'rɪzṇ) intransitive verb

1)

a) (come, go up) subir; \<\<mist\>\> levantarse; \<\<sun/moon\>\> salir*; \<\<river\>\> crecer*; \<\<dough\>\> crecer*, subir; \<\<cake\>\> subir; \<\<fish\>\> picar*

the curtain rises at eight — la función empieza a las ocho

a few eyebrows rose when... — más de uno se mostró sorprendido cuando...

to rise to the surface — salir* or subir a la superficie

the color rose to her cheeks — se le subieron los colores, se ruborizó

b) ( increase) \<\<price/temperature/pressure\>\> subir, aumentar; \<\<wind\>\> arreciar; \<\<wage/number/amount\>\> aumentar; \<\<tension\>\> crecer*, aumentar

to rise in price — subir or aumentar de precio

c) \<\<sound\>\> ( become louder) aumentar de volumen; ( become higher) subir de tono

her voice never rose above a whisper — su voz no se elevó por encima de un susurro

a few voices rose in protest — se alzaron algunas voces de protesta

d) ( improve) \<\<standard\>\> mejorar

their spirits rose — se les levantó el ánimo, se animaron

2)

a) ( slope upward) \<\<ground/land\>\> elevarse

b) ( extend upwards) \<\<building/hill\>\> levantarse, alzarse*, erguirse* (liter)

3)

a) ( stand up) \<\<person/audience\>\> (frml) ponerse* de pie, levantarse, pararse (AmL)

to rise to one's feet — ponerse* de pie, levantarse

b) ( out of bed) levantarse

rise and shine! — (colloq) vamos, arriba y a espabilarse! (fam)

to rise from the dead — resucitar de entre los muertos

4) (in position, status)

he rose to the rank of general — ascendió al rango de general

she has risen in my estimation — ha ganado en mi estima

5) ( adjourn) (BrE) \<\<court/parliament\>\> levantar la sesión

6) ( revolt)

to rise (up) (AGAINST somebody/something) — levantarse or alzarse* (contra alguien/algo)

7) ( originate) \<\<river\>\> (frml) nacer*

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- rise above

- rise to

[raɪz] (vb: pt rose) (pp risen)
1. N

1) (=upward movement) subida f, ascenso m ; [of tide] subida f ; [of river] crecida f ; (in tone, pitch) subida f, elevación f

a rapid rise in sea level — una rápida subida del nivel del mar

the gentle rise and fall of his breathing — el ligero movimiento de su pecho al inspirar y espirar

- get a rise out of sb

- take the rise out of sb

2) (=increase) (in number, rate, value) aumento m ; (in price, temperature) subida f, aumento m ; (Brit) (in salary) aumento m (de sueldo)

to ask for a rise — pedir un aumento (de sueldo)

he was given a 30% pay rise — le dieron un aumento de sueldo del 30%

they got a rise of 50 dollars — les aumentaron el sueldo en 50 dólares

• a rise in interest rates — un aumento de los tipos de interés

• prices are on the rise — los precios están subiendo

3) (fig) (=advancement) ascenso m, subida f ; (=emergence) desarrollo m

his meteoric rise to fame — su ascenso meteórico or su subida meteórica a la fama

Napoleon's rise to power — el ascenso or la subida de Napoleón al poder

the rise of the middle class — el desarrollo de la clase media

the rise and fall of — [of organization] el auge y (la) decadencia de; [of person] el ascenso y (la) caída de

the rise and fall of the empire — el auge y (la) decadencia del imperio

nazism was on the rise in Europe — el nazismo estaba creciendo en Europa

4) (=small hill) colina f, loma f ; (=upward slope) cuesta f (arriba), pendiente f ; [of stairs] subida f

5) (=origin) [of river] nacimiento m

to give rise to — [+ innovation] dar origen a; [+ problems, impression] causar; [+ interest, ideas] suscitar; [+ speculation, doubts, suspicion, fear] suscitar, dar lugar a

2. VI

1) (=get up) (from bed) levantarse; (=stand up) ponerse de pie, levantarse; (=rear up) [building, mountain] elevarse, alzarse

to rise early — madrugar, levantarse temprano

he rose to greet us — se levantó para recibirnos

the mountains rose up before him — las montañas se elevaban or se alzaban frente a él

the horse rose on its hind legs — el caballo se alzó sobre sus patas traseras

to rise from the dead — resucitar

to rise to one's feet — ponerse de pie

rise and shine! — ¡levántate y espabila!

to rise from (the) table — levantarse de la mesa
ash II, 1.
2) (=get higher) [sun, moon] salir; [smoke, mist, balloon] subir, ascender, elevarse liter; [dust, spray, theatre curtain] levantarse; [water, tide, level, aircraft, lift] subir; [dough, cake] aumentar, subir; [river] crecer; [hair] ponerse de punta

the plane rose to 4,000 metres — el avión subió a 4.000 metros

his eyebrows rose at the sight of her — al verla se le arquearon las cejas

her actions caused a few eyebrows to rise — sus acciones causaron cierto escándalo

her eyes rose to meet mine — alzó la mirada y se encontró con la mía

the fish are rising well — los peces están picando bien

to rise above — (fig) [+ differences, poverty] superar; [+ prejudice] estar por encima de

to rise to the bait — (lit, fig) picar or morder el anzuelo

to rise to the surface — (lit) salir a la superficie; (fig) [tensions, contradictions] surgir, aflorar

it is a time when these tensions may rise to the surface — es un momento en el que puede que surjan or afloren estas tensiones
challenge, occasion
3) (=increase) [price, temperature, pressure] subir, aumentar; [number, amount, tension] aumentar; [barometer, stocks, shares] subir; [wind] arreciar, levantarse; [sound] hacerse más fuerte

it has risen 20% in price — su precio ha subido or aumentado en un 20%

new houses are rising in value — las viviendas nuevas se están revalorizando

unemployment was rising — el paro aumentaba

the noise rose to almost unbearable levels — el ruido se hizo tan fuerte que era casi insoportable

her voice rose in anger — levantó or alzó la voz enfadada

4) [ground] subir (en pendiente)

5) (in rank) ascender

he rose to colonel — ascendió a coronel

he rose to be president — llegó a ser presidente

she rose to the top of her profession — llegó a la cumbre de su profesión

to rise in sb's estimation — ganar en la estima de algn

to rise from nothing — salir de la nada

to rise from or through the ranks — (Mil) ascender de soldado raso
prominence
6) (=improve) [standards] mejorar

our spirits rose — nos animamos

it could cause expectations to rise — podría hacer que las expectativas crecieran

7) (=come forth)

a loud gasp rose from the audience — el público soltó un grito ahogado

laughter rose from the audience — entre el público estallaron las risas

from the people, a cheer rose up — la gente empezó a vitorear todos a una

she could feel a blush rising to her cheeks — sentía que se le subía el color a las mejillas, sentía que se le subían los colores

tears rose to his eyes — se le saltaron las lágrimas

a feeling of panic was rising in him — empezó a entrarle una sensación de pánico

8) (=originate) [river] nacer

9) (=rebel) (also: rise up) sublevarse, levantarse ( against contra)

the people rose (up) against their oppressors — el pueblo se sublevó or levantó contra sus opresores

to rise (up) in arms — alzarse en armas

to rise (up) in revolt — sublevarse, rebelarse

10) (=adjourn) [parliament, court] levantar la sesión

the House rose at 2a.m. — se levantó la sesión parlamentaria a las 2 de la madrugada

- rise above

* * *

I [raɪz]
noun

1)

a) (upward movement - of tide, level) subida f; (- in pitch) elevación f

to get a rise out of somebody — (colloq) conseguir* que alguien se fastidie

to take the rise out of somebody — (colloq) tomarle el pelo a alguien (fam)

b) (increase - in prices, interest rates) subida f, aumento m, alza f‡ (frml), suba f (RPl); (- in pressure, temperature) aumento m, subida f; (- in number, amount) aumento m

to be on the rise — ir* en aumento, estar* aumentando

c) ( in pay) (BrE) aumento m, incremento m (frml)

a pay rise — un aumento or (frml) un incremento salarial

d) ( improvement) mejora f

a rise in living standards — una mejora en el nivel de vida

2) ( advance) ascenso m, ascensión f

the rise of Manchester as an industrial city — el surgimiento de Manchester como ciudad industrial

the rise and fall of somebody/something — la grandeza y decadencia de alguien/algo, el auge y (la) caída de alguien/algo

to give rise to something — \<\<to belief\>\> dar* origen or lugar a algo; \<\<to dispute\>\> ocasionar or causar algo; \<\<to ideas\>\> suscitar algo

3) ( slope) subida f, cuesta f

II

(past rose; past p risen ['rɪzṇ]) intransitive verb

1)

a) (come, go up) subir; \<\<mist\>\> levantarse; \<\<sun/moon\>\> salir*; \<\<river\>\> crecer*; \<\<dough\>\> crecer*, subir; \<\<cake\>\> subir; \<\<fish\>\> picar*

the curtain rises at eight — la función empieza a las ocho

a few eyebrows rose when... — más de uno se mostró sorprendido cuando...

to rise to the surface — salir* or subir a la superficie

the color rose to her cheeks — se le subieron los colores, se ruborizó

b) ( increase) \<\<price/temperature/pressure\>\> subir, aumentar; \<\<wind\>\> arreciar; \<\<wage/number/amount\>\> aumentar; \<\<tension\>\> crecer*, aumentar

to rise in price — subir or aumentar de precio

c) \<\<sound\>\> ( become louder) aumentar de volumen; ( become higher) subir de tono

her voice never rose above a whisper — su voz no se elevó por encima de un susurro

a few voices rose in protest — se alzaron algunas voces de protesta

d) ( improve) \<\<standard\>\> mejorar

their spirits rose — se les levantó el ánimo, se animaron

2)

a) ( slope upward) \<\<ground/land\>\> elevarse

b) ( extend upwards) \<\<building/hill\>\> levantarse, alzarse*, erguirse* (liter)

3)

a) ( stand up) \<\<person/audience\>\> (frml) ponerse* de pie, levantarse, pararse (AmL)

to rise to one's feet — ponerse* de pie, levantarse

b) ( out of bed) levantarse

rise and shine! — (colloq) vamos, arriba y a espabilarse! (fam)

to rise from the dead — resucitar de entre los muertos

4) (in position, status)

he rose to the rank of general — ascendió al rango de general

she has risen in my estimation — ha ganado en mi estima

5) ( adjourn) (BrE) \<\<court/parliament\>\> levantar la sesión

6) ( revolt)

to rise (up) (AGAINST somebody/something) — levantarse or alzarse* (contra alguien/algo)

7) ( originate) \<\<river\>\> (frml) nacer*

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- rise above

- rise to

English-spanish dictionary > rise
63 summon

verb

(to order to come or appear: He was summoned to appear in court; The head teacher summoned her to his room; A meeting was summoned.) convocar

summon vb llamar

she summoned everyone to her office llamó a todos a su despacho

summon

tr['sʌmən]

transitive verb

1 (person) llamar; (meeting, parliament) convocar

2 SMALLLAW/SMALL citar, emplazar

summon ['sʌmən] vt

1) call: convocar (una reunión, etc.), llamar (a una persona)

2) : citar (en derecho)

3)

to summon up : armarse de (valor, etc.)

to summon up one's strength: reunir fuerzas

summon

v.

• apercibir v.

• aplazar v.

• citar v.

• convocar v.

• emplazar v.

• encartar v.

• evocar v.

• llamar v.

• requerir v.

'sʌmən
transitive verb

a) ( send for) \<\<servant/waiter\>\> llamar, mandar llamar (AmL); \<\<police/doctor\>\> llamar; \<\<help/reinforcements\>\> pedir*; \<\<meeting/parliament\>\> convocar*

b) ( Law) \<\<witness/defendant\>\> citar, emplazar*

c) summon up

Phrasal Verbs:

- summon up

['sʌmǝn]
VT [+ servant, doctor etc] llamar; [+ meeting] convocar; [+ aid] pedir; (Jur) citar, emplazar
to be summoned to sb's presence — ser llamado a la presencia de algn

they summoned me to advise them — me llamaron para que les aconsejara

to summon a town to surrender — hacer una llamada a una ciudad para que se rinda

- summon up

* * *
['sʌmən]
transitive verb

a) ( send for) \<\<servant/waiter\>\> llamar, mandar llamar (AmL); \<\<police/doctor\>\> llamar; \<\<help/reinforcements\>\> pedir*; \<\<meeting/parliament\>\> convocar*

b) ( Law) \<\<witness/defendant\>\> citar, emplazar*

c) summon up

Phrasal Verbs:

- summon up

English-spanish dictionary > summon
64 einziehen

(unreg., trennb.)

I v/t (hat eingezogen)

1. einziehen (in + Akk) in Bezug: put in(to); (Faden, Gummi) thread in(to); (Kabel) feed ( oder pay) in(to); Gerät: (Papier) feed in(to); sich (Dat) einen Dorn / Splitter einziehen get a thorn / splinter in one’s hand etc.; sich (Dat) bei jemandem einen Schiefer einziehen südd., umg., fig. fall out with s.o.

2. (einbauen) put in; (Wand) auch put up

3. (Fahne) lower, haul down; (Segel) take in; (Netz) haul in, pull in; TECH. retract; das Fahrgestell einziehen FLUG. retract the landing gear

4. (Bauch) pull in; (Fühler, Krallen) draw in; (Krallen) auch sheathe; den Kopf einziehen duck (one’s head); den Bauch einziehen auch breathe in umg.; den Schwanz einziehen Hund: put its etc. tail between its legs; umg., fig. pej. cave in

5. (Luft, Rauch) draw in; Person: auch breathe in, inhale

6. MIL. call up, conscript, Am. draft

7. (Steuer, Gelder etc.) collect; (Schulden) recover

8. (beschlagnahmen) seize, confiscate; (Führerschein etc.) take away, confiscate, withdraw

9. (Banknoten etc.) withdraw (from circulation); (Planstelle) abolish, dissolve

10. Amtsspr. (Auskünfte etc.) gather, collect; Erkundigungen einziehen enquire, make enquiries ( über + Akk about, into)

11. DRUCK. (Absatz, Zeile) indent

II v/i (ist)

1. (in + Akk eine Wohnung etc.) einziehen move in(to); bei jemandem einziehen move in with s.o.; (als Mieter) auch move to s.o.’s (place)

2. einziehen (in + Akk) Truppen: march in(to), enter; in ein Stadion etc.: enter; Zirkus etc.: arrive in town; in den Bundestag einziehen Partei: win seats in the Bundestag, enter the Bundestag; Abgeordnete(r): take up one’s seat in the Bundestag

3. einziehen (in + Akk) Flüssigkeit, Creme: soak in(to), be absorbed (in, into), be soaked up

4. fig. Frühling etc.: come, arrive; Resignation etc.: follow, take over; wenn wieder Frieden im Land einzieht when the war is over, when we have peace again; wenn wieder Ruhe im Haus einzieht when things settle down

* * *

(beschlagnahmen) to withdraw; to seize; to sequestrate; to confiscate;

(beziehen) to move in;

(einberufen) to draft; to call up; to conscript;

(einkassieren) to collect;

(errichten) to put in;

(herunterholen) to lower;

(zurückziehen) to pull in

* * *
ein|zie|hen sep
1. vt

1) (= hineinziehen, einfügen) Gummiband, Faden to thread; (in einen Bezug etc) to put in; (BUILD = einbauen) Wand, Balken to put in; (Kopiergerät) Papier to take in

2) (= einsaugen) Flüssigkeit to soak up; (durch Strohhalm) to draw up; Duft to breathe in; Luft, Rauch to draw in

3) (= zurückziehen) Fühler, Krallen, Fahrgestell to retract, to draw in; Bauch, Netz to pull or draw in; Antenne to retract; Schultern to hunch; Periskop, Flagge, Segel to lower, to take down; Ruder to ship, to take in

den Kopf éínziehen — to duck (one's head)

zieh den Bauch ein! — keep or tuck (inf) your tummy in

der Hund zog den Schwanz ein — the dog put his tail between his legs

mit eingezogenem Schwanz (lit, fig) — with its/his/her tail between its/his/her legs

4) (MIL) (zu into) Personen to conscript, to call up, to draft (US); Fahrzeuge etc to requisition

5) (= kassieren) Steuern, Gelder to collect; (fig ) Erkundigungen to make (
über +acc about)
6) (= aus dem Verkehr ziehen) Banknoten, Münzen to withdraw (from circulation), to call in; (= beschlagnahmen) Führerschein to take away, to withdraw; Vermögen to confiscate

7) (TYP) Wörter, Zeilen to indent

2. vi aux sein

1) (in Wohnung, Haus) to move in

wer ist im dritten Stock eingezogen? — who has moved into the third floor?

er zog bei Bekannten ein — he moved in with friends

ins Parlament éínziehen (Partei) — to enter parliament; (Abgeordneter) to take one's seat (in parliament)

2) (AUCH MIL = einmarschieren) to march in (
in +acc -to)
3) (= einkehren) to come (
in +dat to)
mit ihm zog eine fröhliche Stimmung bei uns ein — he brought a happy atmosphere with him

wenn der Friede im Lande einzieht — when peace comes to our country, when we have peace

Ruhe und Ordnung zogen wieder ein — law and order returned

4) (= eindringen) to soak in (
in +acc -to)
* * *

1) (legally to order (someone) to serve in the armed forces etc: He was conscripted into the army.) conscript

2) ((American) to conscript into the army etc: He was drafted into the Navy.) draft

3) (to cause to join the army, a society etc: We must recruit more troops; Can't you recruit more members to the music society?) recruit

4) (to go into and occupy a house etc: We can move in on Saturday.) move in

5) retraction

6) (to pull, or be pulled, into the body etc: A cat can retract its claws; A cat's claws can retract.) retract

* * *

ein|zie·hen

irreg

I. vt Hilfsverb: haben

1. (zurückziehen)

▪ etw \einziehen to draw in sth sep

zieh den Bauch ein! keep your tummy in!

der Hund zog den Schwanz ein the dog put its tail between its legs

mit eingezogenem Schwanz (a. fig) with his/her/its tail between his/her/its legs

die Fühler/Krallen \einziehen to retract [or draw in] its feelers/claws

den Kopf \einziehen to duck one's head

2. AUTO, NAUT (einfahren)

die Ruder \einziehen to ship oars

die Segel \einziehen to lower sail

das Fahrgestell \einziehen to retract the landing gear

3. (hineinziehen, einfädeln)

▪ etw [in etw akk] \einziehen to thread sth [into sth]

4. (hineinstecken) to put in sth sep

▪ etw in etw akk \einziehen to put sth in sth

ein Kissen in den Bezug \einziehen to put a pillow in the pillowcase

5. (einbauen)

eine Decke/Wand \einziehen to put in a ceiling/wall sep

6. (einsaugen)

▪ etw \einziehen to draw [or suck] up sth sep

Luft \einziehen Person to breathe in; Gerät to take in air sep

7. (kassieren)

▪ etw \einziehen to collect sth

Beiträge/Gelder \einziehen to collect fees/money

8. (einholen)

Erkundigungen \einziehen to make enquiries

9. (aus dem Verkehr ziehen)

▪ etw \einziehen to withdraw sth, to call in sth sep

die alten Banknoten wurden eingezogen the old banknotes were withdrawn from circulation [or were called in

10. (beschlagnahmen)

▪ etw \einziehen to take away sth sep

einen Führerschein \einziehen to take away a driving licence

Vermögen \einziehen to confiscate property

11. (einberufen)

jdn [zum Militär] \einziehen to conscript [or call up] [or AM draft] sb [into the army]

12. TYPO (einrücken)

einen Absatz/eine Zeile \einziehen to indent a paragraph/a line

13. (nach innen ziehen)

▪ etw \einziehen to take in sth sep

der Kopierer zieht die Blätter einzeln ein the photocopier takes in the sheets one by one

II. vi Hilfsverb: sein

1. (in etw ziehen)

▪ [bei jdm/in etw akk] \einziehen to move in [with sb/into sth]

wer ist im dritten Stock eingezogen? who has moved in on the third floor?

2. POL

▪ in etw akk \einziehen to take office in sth

er wurde gewählt und zog ins Parlament ein he was elected and took his seat in parliament

3. (einmarschieren)

▪ in etw akk \einziehen to march into sth; SPORT a. to parade into sth

die einzelnen Mannschaften zogen in das Olympiastadion ein the individual teams marched [or paraded] into the Olympic stadium

4. (einkehren) to reign

hoffentlich zieht bald [wieder] Frieden/Ruhe ein hopefully peace will reign [again] soon

wann wird in der Region endlich Frieden \einziehen? when will the region have peace?

nach dem Krieg zogen wieder Ruhe und Ordnung im Land ein after the war law and order returned to the country

▪ bei jdm \einziehen to come to sb

bald zieht bei uns wieder Ruhe ein soon we'll have peace and quiet again

mit ihr zog eine schlechte Stimmung bei uns ein she brought a bad atmosphere with her

5. (eindringen) to soak in

eine schnell \einziehende Lotion a quickly absorbed lotion

▪ in etw akk \einziehen to soak into sth

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) put in < duvet>; thread in <tape, elastic>

2) (einbauen) put in < wall, ceiling>

3) (einholen) haul in, pull in < net>; retract, draw in <feelers, claws>

den Kopf einziehen — duck

der Hund zog den Schwanz ein — the dog put its tail between its legs

4) (einatmen) breathe in <scent, fresh air>; inhale < smoke>

5) (einberufen) call up, conscript < recruits>

6) (beitreiben) collect

er lässt die Miete vom Konto einziehen — he pays his rent by direct debit

7) (beschlagnahmen) confiscate; seize

8) (aus dem Verkehr ziehen) withdraw, call in <coins, banknotes>

9) (Papierdt.): (einholen)

Informationen/Erkundigungen einziehen — gather information/make enquiries
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein

1) < liquid> soak in

2) (einkehren) enter

der Frühling zieht ein — (geh.) spring comes or arrives

3) (in eine Wohnung) move in

* * *

einziehen (irr, trennb)

A. v/t (hat eingezogen)

1.

einziehen (

in +akk) in Bezug: put in(to); (Faden, Gummi) thread in(to); (Kabel) feed ( oder pay) in(to); Gerät: (Papier) feed in(to);

sich (dat)

einen Dorn/Splitter einziehen get a thorn/splinter in one’s hand etc;

sich (dat)

bei jemandem einen Schiefer einziehen südd, umg, fig fall out with sb

2. (einbauen) put in; (Wand) auch put up

3. (Fahne) lower, haul down; (Segel) take in; (Netz) haul in, pull in; TECH retract;

das Fahrgestell einziehen FLUG retract the landing gear

4. (Bauch) pull in; (Fühler, Krallen) draw in; (Krallen) auch sheathe;

den Kopf einziehen duck (one’s head);

den Bauch einziehen auch breathe in umg;

den Schwanz einziehen Hund: put its etc tail between its legs; umg, fig pej cave in

5. (Luft, Rauch) draw in; Person: auch breathe in, inhale

6. MIL call up, conscript, US draft

7. (Steuer, Gelder etc) collect; (Schulden) recover

8. (beschlagnahmen) seize, confiscate; (Führerschein etc) take away, confiscate, withdraw

9. (Banknoten etc) withdraw (from circulation); (Planstelle) abolish, dissolve

10. ADMIN (Auskünfte etc) gather, collect;

Erkundigungen einziehen enquire, make enquiries (

über +akk about, into)

11. TYPO (Absatz, Zeile) indent

B. v/i (ist)

1. (

in +akk eine Wohnung etc)

einziehen move in(to);

bei jemandem einziehen move in with sb; (als Mieter) auch move to sb’s (place)

2.

einziehen (

in +akk) Truppen: march in(to), enter; in ein Stadion etc: enter; Zirkus etc: arrive in town;

in den Bundestag einziehen Partei: win seats in the Bundestag, enter the Bundestag; Abgeordnete(r): take up one’s seat in the Bundestag

3.

einziehen (

in +akk) Flüssigkeit, Creme: soak in(to), be absorbed (in, into), be soaked up

4. fig Frühling etc: come, arrive; Resignation etc: follow, take over;

wenn wieder Frieden im Land einzieht when the war is over, when we have peace again;

wenn wieder Ruhe im Haus einzieht when things settle down

* * *
1.
unregelmäßiges transitives Verb

1) put in < duvet>; thread in <tape, elastic>

2) (einbauen) put in <wall, ceiling>

3) (einholen) haul in, pull in < net>; retract, draw in <feelers, claws>

den Kopf einziehen — duck

der Hund zog den Schwanz ein — the dog put its tail between its legs

4) (einatmen) breathe in <scent, fresh air>; inhale < smoke>

5) (einberufen) call up, conscript < recruits>

6) (beitreiben) collect

er lässt die Miete vom Konto einziehen — he pays his rent by direct debit

7) (beschlagnahmen) confiscate; seize

8) (aus dem Verkehr ziehen) withdraw, call in <coins, banknotes>

9) (Papierdt.): (einholen)

Informationen/Erkundigungen einziehen — gather information/make enquiries
2.
unregelmäßiges intransitives Verb; mit sein

1) < liquid> soak in

2) (einkehren) enter

der Frühling zieht ein — (geh.) spring comes or arrives

3) (in eine Wohnung) move in

* * *

(zu) (Militär) ausdr.

to draft (into) v. adj.

settle in adj. v.

to move in v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > einziehen
65 sejm

m (G sejmu) 1. Polit. the Sejm, the Seym (the lower chamber of the Polish parliament)
- sesja sejmu a Sejm session

- kadencja/rozwiązanie sejmu the term of office/dissolution of the Sejm

- wybierać posłów do sejmu to elect deputies to the Sejm

- zasiadać w sejmie to have a seat in the Sejm

- sejm uchwalił ustawę budżetową the Sejm passed the budget
2. (siedziba) the Sejm (building) 3. książk., przen. (burzliwe zgromadzenie) (raucous) gathering
- □ Sejm Czteroletni a. Sejm Wielki Hist. the Four Years’ Sejm (which passed the first Polish constitution, 1788-1792)

* * *

- mu; -my; loc sg - mie; m

the Seym (lower house of the Polish Parliament)

* * *

sejm

mi

parl. the Sejm (= lower house of the Polish parliament).

The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > sejm
66 vote

1) голос ( при голосуванні); право голосу; рішення, прийняте голосуванням; кількість поданих голосів; балотування; резолюція; вотум; бюлетень для голосування, виборчий бюлетень

2) голосувати, проводити голосування; ставити на голосування; затверджувати голосуванням; вирішувати голосуванням; балотувати; виносити вотум, вотувати

•

vote a draft law through parliament — = vote a bill through parliament

vote no confidence in the government — висловлювати недовіру уряду ( про парламент)

vote of no confidence vis-a-vis the government — вотум недовіри уряду

vote to accept the Constitution — приймати конституцію, голосувати за прийняття конституції ( на референдумі)

- vote a bill through parliament
- vote affirmatively
- vote against
- vote alternatively
- vote article by article
- vote aye
- vote blue
- vote by acclamation
- vote by ballot
- vote by block
- vote by cards
- vote by correspondence
- vote by mail
- vote by proxy
- vote by rising
- vote by roll call
- vote by show of hands
- vote by sitting and standing
- vote by snap
- vote cast
- vote confidence
- vote contra
- vote count
- vote down
- vote down a bill
- vote down a draft law
- vote down a resolution
- vote down an amendment
- vote en bloc
- vote finally
- vote for
- vote for a list
- vote for a single candidate
- vote for cloture
- vote for closure
- vote in person
- vote in public
- vote into
- vote into a committee
- vote into the chair
- vote nay
- vote negatively
- vote non-confidence
- vote of censure
- vote of confidence
- vote of no confidence
- vote of non-confidence
- vote on a motion
- vote out of office
- vote plurally
- vote Republican
- vote secretly
- vote separately
- vote solid
- vote the straight ticket
- vote through
- vote to effect closure
- vote to effect cloture
- vote unanimously
- vote viva voce
- vote want of confidence
- vote without debate

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > vote
67 house

house

1. noun

(plural houses)

   a. maison f

• at my house chez moi

• come to my house viens chez moi

• to keep house for sb tenir la maison de qn

• to set up house s'installer

• they've set up house together ils habitent ensemble ; [couple] ils se sont mis en ménage

• to put one's house in order mettre de l'ordre dans ses affaires

• they got on like a house on fire ils s'entendaient à merveille

• to be as safe as houses être tout à fait sûr

• their jobs are safe as houses ils ne risquent pas du tout de perdre leur emploi

   b. (in parliament) the House la Chambre

   c. ( = auditorium) salle f ; ( = audience) spectateurs mpl

• a full house une salle pleine

• to play to full houses jouer à guichets fermés

• "house full" « complet »

• to bring the house down faire crouler la salle sous les applaudissements

   d. ( = family, company) publishing house maison f d'édition

• steak house grill m

• the world's top fashion houses les plus grandes maisons fpl de couture du monde

• drinks are on the house! (inf) c'est la tournée du patron !

   e. (British in school) groupe m d'internes

   f. House

• House music house music f

2. transitive verb

[+ person] héberger

• the town offered to house six refugee families la ville a proposé de loger six familles de réfugiés

• this building houses five families/a motorcycle museum ce bâtiment abrite cinq familles/un musée de la moto

3. compounds

► house agent noun (British) agent m immobilier

► house arrest noun

• to put sb under house arrest assigner qn à résidence

• to be under house arrest être en résidence surveillée ► house-clean intransitive verb (US) faire le ménage

► house-cleaning noun (US) ménage m

► house-hunt intransitive verb (British) être à la recherche d'une maison (or d'un appartement)

► house-hunting noun (British) recherche f d'une maison (or d'un appartement)

► the House of Commons noun (British) la Chambre des communes

► the House of Lords noun (British) la Chambre des lords

► the House of Representatives noun (US) la Chambre des représentants

► house-owner noun propriétaire mf d'une maison

► house plant noun plante f d'intérieur

► house prices plural noun prix mpl de l'immobilier

► house-proud adjective

• she's very house-proud tout est toujours impeccable chez elle ► house rule noun

• no drugs is a house rule les drogues sont interdites ici

• house rules règlement m interne ► house sale noun vente f immobilière

► house-sharing noun colocation f

► house-sit intransitive verb

• to house-sit for sb garder la maison de qn ► the Houses of Parliament noun (in Britain) ( = building) le palais de Westminster ; ( = members) le Parlement

► house-to-house adjective porte à porte inv

• house-to-house search perquisition f systématique dans le quartier

• to make a house-to-house search for sb aller de porte en porte à la recherche de qn ► house-trained adjective (British) [animal] propre

► house-warming party noun pendaison f de crémaillère

• to give a house-warming party pendre la crémaillère ► house wine noun cuvée f du patron

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✦ Lorsque house est un nom, le se final se prononce s: haʊs ; lorsque c'est un verbe, il se prononce z: haʊz ; notez que le pluriel du nom, houses, se prononce comme le verbe: ˈhaʊzɪz.

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HOUSE

Les types de logements portent souvent des noms différents en anglais britannique et en anglais américain ; ainsi, un appartement se dit respectivement « flat » (Brit) et « apartment » (US). Un « condominium » (US) est un immeuble d'habitation dont les appartements appartiennent à des propriétaires individuels alors que les parties communes sont en copropriété.

Les rangées de maisons identiques et contiguës sont appelées « terraced houses » (Brit) ou « row houses » (US). Les « semi-detached houses » (Brit) ou « duplex houses » (US) sont des maisons jumelles, tandis que la « detached house » (Brit) est un pavillon.

Deux autres types de maisons répandues aux États-Unis sont les « ranch houses » - de longues bâtisses généralement de plain-pied - et les « colonials », maisons de style 18^ème siècle en bardeaux ou en briques, comportant souvent un portique.

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HOUSE OF COMMONS, HOUSE OF LORDS

Le parlement en Grande-Bretagne est constitué de deux assemblées: la House of Commons, présidée par le « Speaker » et composée de plus de 600 députés (les « Members of Parliament » ou « MPs »), élus au suffrage universel direct. Ceux-ci reçoivent un salaire. La Chambre des communes siège environ 175 jours par an. La House of Lords, présidée par le « Lord Chancellor », est composée de lords ; elle peut amender certains projets de loi votés par la House of Commons, mais elle n'est pas habilitée à débattre des projets de lois de finances. La House of Lords fait également office de juridiction suprême en Angleterre et au pays de Galles.

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HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Aux États-Unis, le parlement, appelé « Congress », est constitué du « Senate » et de la House of Representatives. Cette dernière comprend 435 membres, le nombre de ces représentants par État étant proportionnel à la densité de population de cet État. Ils sont élus pour deux ans au suffrage universel direct et siègent au « Capitol », à Washington DC. → CONGRESS CAPITOL

* * *
1. [haʊs], pl [haʊzɪz]
noun

1) ( home) maison f

at my/his house — chez moi/lui

to go to somebody's house — aller chez quelqu'un

to be good around the house — aider à la maison

to keep house — tenir la maison ( for de)

2) Politics (also House) Chambre f

the bill before the house — le projet de loi soumis à la Chambre

3) Commerce maison f

on the house — aux frais de la maison

4) Theatre ( audience) assistance f; ( auditorium) salle f; ( performance) séance f

‘house full’ — ‘complet’

to bring the house down — faire crouler la salle sous les applaudissements

5) (also House) ( family line) maison f

the house of Windsor — la Maison des Windsor

6) Religion maison f

7) GB School ( team) maison f

8) ( music) house music f ( musique de discothèque)
2. [haʊz]
transitive verb

1) ( give lodging to) ( permanently) loger; ( temporarily) héberger

badly ou poorly housed — mal logé

2) ( contain) [building] abriter [books, exhibition]

••

to put one's house in order — mettre de l'ordre dans ses affaires

to get on like a house on fire — (colloq) s'entendre à merveille

English-French dictionary > house
68 Scottish

Scottish [ˈskɒtɪ∫]

adjective

écossais

► the Scottish Office noun (British) le ministère des Affaires écossaises

► the Scottish Parliament noun le Parlement écossais

► Scottish Secretary noun (British) ministre mf des Affaires écossaises

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SCOTTISH PARLIAMENT/SCOTTISH GOVERNMENT

Le Scottish Parliament, instauré à la suite du référendum de 1998, contrôle le gouvernement écossais, pouvoir décentralisé responsable des questions juridiques, de la santé, de l'éducation et des transports. Les affaires étrangères, la défense et la sécurité sociale restent du ressort du gouvernement britannique, qui siège à Westminster. Le « First Minister » est à la tête du Scottish Government. → DEVOLUTION

* * *
['skɒtɪʃ]
adjective écossais

English-French dictionary > Scottish
69 floor

floor [flɔ:(r)]

1 noun

(a) (ground → gen) sol m; (→ wooden) plancher m, parquet m; (→ tiled) carrelage m;

∎ earthen floor sol m en terre battue;

∎ to put sth/to sit on the floor poser qch/s'asseoir par terre;

∎ the forest floor le sol de la forêt, la couverture;

∎ figurative to wipe the floor with sb (in match, fight) battre qn à plate couture, réduire qn en miettes; (in argument) descendre qn

(b) (bottom part → of lift, cage) plancher m; (→ of sea, ocean) fond m

(c) (storey) étage m;

∎ we live ten floors up nous habitons au dixième étage;

∎ their offices are two floors down leurs bureaux sont deux étages plus bas;

∎ on the same floor au même étage;

∎ on the floor below à l'étage en-dessous;

∎ on the second floor British au deuxième étage; American au premier étage

(d) (for dancing) piste f (de danse);

∎ to take the floor aller sur la piste (de danse);

∎ shall we take the floor? voulez-vous m'accorder cette danse?

(e) (in parliament, assembly etc) enceinte f;

∎ British Parliament the floor of the House ≃ l'hémicycle m;

∎ to have/to take the floor (speaker) avoir/prendre la parole;

∎ Mr Taylor has the floor la parole est à M. Taylor;

∎ he had the floor for twenty minutes il a parlé ou a gardé la parole pendant vingt minutes;

∎ to give sb the floor accorder ou donner la parole à qn;

∎ questions from the floor questions fpl du public;

∎ to cross the floor (in parliament) changer de parti

(f) (of stock exchange) parquet m;

∎ trading on the floor was quiet today la journée n'a pas été très animée à la Bourse

(g) Television (of studio) plateau m

2 transitive verb

(a) (building, house) faire le sol de; (with linoleum) poser le revêtement de sol dans; (with parquet) poser le parquet ou plancher dans, parqueter; (with tiles) poser le carrelage dans, carreler

(b) familiar (opponent) terrasser;

∎ that virus really floored me ce virus m'a complètement terrassé

(c) familiar (puzzle, baffle) dérouter; (surprise, amaze) abasourdir^□

(d) familiar

∎ to floor it (drive fast) mettre le pied au plancher

►► Marketing floor ad, floor advertisement publicité f au sol;

floor area (of room, office) surface f;

Television floor assistant assistant(e) m,f de plateau;

floor cleaner (produit m) nettoyant m pour sols;

floor cloth serpillière f; (old rag) chiffon m;

floor covering (linoleum, fitted carpet) revêtement m de sol; (rug) tapis m;

Television floor crew personnel m de plateau;

floor exercise (in gymnastics) exercice m au sol;

Building industry floor grid couchis m;

American floor lamp lampadaire m;

Politics floor leader = chef de file d'un parti siégeant au Sénat ou à la Chambre des représentants aux États-Unis;

floor manager (in department store) chef m de rayon; Television régisseur(euse) m,f de plateau;

floor model modèle m d'exposition;

floor plan plan m;

floor polish encaustique f, cire f;

floor polisher (machine) cireuse f;

Commerce floor price prix m seuil;

American floor sample modèle m d'exposition;

floor show spectacle m de cabaret;

floor tile carreau m;

Stock Exchange floor trader commis m;

Stock Exchange floor trading cotation f à la corbeille;

floor wax cire f, encaustique f;

floor work exercices mpl au sol

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > floor
70 Booth, Henry

SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 4 April 1789 Liverpool, England

d. 28 March 1869 Liverpool, England

[br]

English railway administrator and inventor.

[br]

Booth followed his father as a Liverpool corn merchant but had great mechanical aptitude. In 1824 he joined the committee for the proposed Liverpool \& Manchester Railway (L \& MR) and after the company obtained its Act of Parliament in 1826 he was appointed Treasurer.

In 1829 the L \& MR announced a prize competition, the Rainhill Trials, for an improved steam locomotive: Booth, realizing that the power of a locomotive depended largely upon its capacity to raise steam, had the idea that this could be maximized by passing burning gases from the fire through the boiler in many small tubes to increase the heating surface, rather than in one large one, as was then the practice. He was apparently unaware of work on this type of boiler even then being done by Marc Seguin, and the 1791 American patent by John Stevens. Booth discussed his idea with George Stephenson, and a boiler of this type was incorporated into the locomotive Rocket, which was built by Robert Stephenson and entered in the Trials by Booth and the two Stephensons in partnership. The boiler enabled Rocket to do all that was required in the trials, and far more: it became the prototype for all subsequent conventional locomotive boilers.

After the L \& MR opened in 1830, Booth as Treasurer became in effect the general superintendent and was later General Manager. He invented screw couplings for use with sprung buffers. When the L \& MR was absorbed by the Grand Junction Railway in 1845 he became Secretary of the latter, and when, later the same year, that in turn amalgamated with the London \& Birmingham Railway (L \& BR) to form the London \& North Western Railway (L \& NWR), he became joint Secretary with Richard Creed from the L \& BR.

Earlier, completion in 1838 of the railway from London to Liverpool had brought problems with regard to local times. Towns then kept their own time according to their longitude: Birmingham time, for instance, was 7¼ minutes later than London time. This caused difficulties in railway operation, so Booth prepared a petition to Parliament on behalf of the L \& MR that London time should be used throughout the country, and in 1847 the L \& NWR, with other principal railways and the Post Office, adopted Greenwich time. It was only in 1880, however, that the arrangement was made law by Act of Parliament.

[br]

Bibliography

1835. British patent no. 6,814 (grease lubricants for axleboxes). 1836. British patent no. 6,989 (screw couplings).

Booth also wrote several pamphlets on railways, uniformity of time, and political matters.

Further Reading

H.Booth, 1980, Henry Booth, Ilfracombe: Arthur H.Stockwell (a good full-length biography, the author being the great-great-nephew of his subject; with bibliography).

R.E.Carlson, 1969, The Liverpool \& Manchester Railway Project 1821–1831, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Booth, Henry
71 private

ˈpraɪvɪt
1. прил.
1) а) частный;
личный, персональный, приватный private life ≈ частная жизнь private secretary ≈ личный секретарь private school ≈ частная школа private investigator, private detective, private eye ≈ частный сыщик, частный детектив on private account ≈ на частных началах private industry ≈ частный сектор промышленности private medical practitioner ≈ частнопрактикующий врач private office ≈ личный кабинет private practitioner ≈ частнопрактикующий врач Syn: personal, individual б) личный, собственный private vehicle ≈ личный автомобиль private apartment ≈ собственная квартира private means ≈ личное состояние private property ≈ частная собственность в) индивидуальный, независимый от других private opinion ≈ личное мнение, частное мнение
2) а) неофициальный;
не находящийся на государственной службе;
не относящийся к государственной службе private correspondence ≈ частная переписка private member ≈ член парламента, не занимающий никакого государственного поста Syn: personal б) штатский
3) уединенный Syn: secluded, solitary
4) а) конфиденциальный, секретный, тайный Syn: secret, covert б) закрытый, не являющийся доступным для всех private view б) закрытый просмотр( кинофильма, выставки и т. п.)
2. сущ.
1) а) человек, носящий нижнее звание в полиции, в пожарной охране и т.п. б) воен. рядовой( звание)
2) мн. наружные половые органы ∙ in private (военное) рядовой - * first class рядовой первого класса pl наружные половые органы (устаревшее) частное лицо( устаревшее) личное, частное дело > in * конфиденциально, секретно;
в узком кругу;
при закрытых дверях;
в частной жизни > can we discuss this in * можно нам поговорить об этом с глазу на глаз? > he drinks a great deal in * он много пьет в одиночку частный - * property частная собственность - * hospital частная лечебница - * road дорога частного пользования - * sector of industry (экономика) частный сектор промышленности - * enterprise( частное) предпринимательство;
частное предприятие - * bill (парламентское) частный законопроект;
законопроект, касающийся отдельных лиц (физических и юридических) личный;
отдельный;
собственный - * office отдельный /личный/ кабинет - * secretary личный секретарь - * house особняк, дом для одной семьи - * opinion личное /частное/ мнение - for my * use для моего личного пользования - * life частная /личная/ жизнь - * income /money, means/ личное состояние - * business /affair/ частное /личное/ дело - * motives мотивы личного характера - * letter личное /частное/ письмо - * correspondence частная переписка - * and confidencial лично, в собственные руки (надпись на письме) закрытый, не являющийся доступным для всех - * meeting /sitting/ закрытое заседание;
неофициальная встреча - * negotiations /talks/ неофициальные /закрытые/ переговоры - * view закрытый просмотр( спектакля, кинофильма и т. п.) - * concert домашний концерт - "P." "Посторонним вход воспрещен" (надпись на дверях) неофициальный, частный - * person частное лицо - * wrong преступление против частного лица - to speak in one's * capacity выступать в качестве частного лица /частным образом/ не находящийся на государственной службе, не занимающий правительственного поста - * member of Parliament депутат парламента, не занимающий правительственного поста - * life пребывание в отставке( особ. после оставления государственного поста) - * eye (разговорное) частный сыщик штатский (об одежде) - in * clothes в штатском (платье) тайный, конфиденциальный, секретный;
не подлежащий огласке - * information сведения, не подлежащие огласке - keep it * не говорите об этом никому, держите это в тайне - this is for your * ear это только между нами, это строго конфиденциально - he is very * about his affairs он не особенно распространяется о своих делах уединенный - we are quite * here мы здесь одни, нам здесь никто не помешает рядовой (о солдате) личный, сокровенный - * parts наружные половые органы ~ тайный, конфиденциальный;
for one's own private ear по секрету;
to keep a thing private держать( что-л.). в тайне ~ тайный, конфиденциальный;
for one's own private ear по секрету;
to keep a thing private держать (что-л.). в тайне ~ property частная собственность;
on private account на частных началах private закрытый (о заседаниях) ~ вчт. закрытый ~ закрытый ~ конфиденциальный ~ личный ~ не занимающий официального поста ~ не находящийся на государственной службе, не занимающий официального поста;
неофициальный ~ не находящийся на государственной службе ~ не подлежащий огласке ~ неофициальный ~ pl половые органы ~ рядовой ~ рядовой (о солдате) ~ рядовой ~ секретный ~ собственный ~ тайный, конфиденциальный;
for one's own private ear по секрету;
to keep a thing private держать (что-л.). в тайне ~ тайный ~ уединенный ~ частный;
личный;
private bill парламентский законопроект, касающийся отдельных лиц или корпораций ~ частный ~ in ~ в частной жизни;
в домашней обстановке ~ in ~ втихомолку, в душе, в глубине души ~ in ~ наедине;
конфиденциально ~ member член парламента, не занимающий никакого государственного поста;
private eye разг. частный сыщик ~ office личный кабинет;
private (medical) practitioner частнопрактикующий врач ~ office личный кабинет;
private (medical) practitioner частнопрактикующий врач ~ property частная собственность;
on private account на частных началах property: private ~ частная собственность ~ secretary личный секретарь;
private view закрытый просмотр (кинофильма, выставки и т. п.) secretary: private ~ личный секретарь ~ secretary личный секретарь;
private view закрытый просмотр (кинофильма, выставки и т. п.) view: private ~ выставка или просмотр картин (частной коллекции) ;
on the view во время осмотра, при осмотре

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > private
72 kandidieren

v/i stand ( oder run) for election ( oder an office etc.); für das Amt des Präsidenten / Bürgermeisters kandidieren run for the presidency / run for the office of mayor; gegen jemanden kandidieren run against s.o.; erneut kandidieren run for re-election, stand (for election) again

* * *

to run

* * *
kan|di|die|ren [kandi'diːrən] ptp kandidiert
vi (POL)
to stand, to run (für for)
für das Amt des Präsidenten kandidíéren — to stand or run for president

* * *

(to be a candidate for election to: He stood for Parliament.) stand for

* * *

kan·di·die·ren *

[kandiˈdi:rən]

vi POL

▪ [für etw akk] \kandidieren to stand [or run] [for sth]

* * *

intransitives Verb stand [as a candidate] ( für for)

* * *

kandidieren v/i stand ( oder run) for election ( oder an office etc);

für das Amt des Präsidenten/Bürgermeisters kandidieren run for the presidency/run for the office of mayor;

gegen jemanden kandidieren run against sb;

erneut kandidieren run for re-election, stand (for election) again

* * *

intransitives Verb stand [as a candidate] ( für for)

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > kandidieren
73 présidence

présidence [pʀezidɑ̃s]

feminine noun

[de tribunal, État] presidency ; [de comité, réunion] chairmanship ; [d'université] vice-chancellorship (Brit), presidency (US)

* * *
pʀezidɑ̃s
nom féminin

1) ( fonction) (d'État, association, de club, syndicat, tribunal) presidency; (d'entreprise, de parti, commission, jury, cour) chairmanship; ( d'université) vice-chancellorship GB, presidency US

être candidat à la présidence — Politique to stand GB ou run for president

2) ( résidence) presidential palace; ( bureaux) presidential offices (pl)

* * *
pʀezidɑ̃s nf
1) POLITIQUE presidency

2) [assemblée] (aussi) COMMERCE chairmanship

* * *

présidence nf

1 ( fonction) (d'État, association, de club, syndicat) presidency; (d'entreprise, de parti, commission, jury, tribunal, cour) chairmanship; ( d'université) vice-chancellorship GB, presidency US; exercer la présidence Pol to hold the presidency; Entr to hold the chairmanship; votre candidature à la présidence de la République your candidacy for the presidency of the Republic; candidat à la présidence Pol presidential candidate; être candidat à la présidence Pol to stand GB ou run US for presidency;

2 ( résidence) presidential palace; ( bureaux) presidential offices (pl).

Composé

présidence du Parlement Européen presidency of the European Parliament.

[prezidɑ̃s] nom féminin

1. [fonction, POLITIQUE] presidency

UNIVERSITÉ principalship, vice-chancellorship (UK), presidency (US)

COMMERCE [d'un homme] chairmanship, directorship

ADMINISTRATION chairmanship

la présidence du jury UNIVERSITÉ the chief examinership

une femme a été nommée à la présidence

a. POLITIQUE a woman was made President

b. ADMINISTRATION a woman was appointed to the chair ou made chairperson

2. [durée - prévue] term of office ; [ - effectuée] period in office

sa présidence aura duré un an she'll have been in office for a year

3. [lieu] presidential residence ou palace

4. [services] presidential office

à la présidence, on ne dit rien presidential aides are keeping silent

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > présidence
74 полномочие полномочи·е

authority, plenary powers, power, discretion; (доверенность) commission

быть наделённым необходимыми полномочиями — to be vested with the necessary authority

возражать против чьих-л. полномочий — to make objection to smb.'s credentials

выйти за пределы полномочий — to exceed authority, to go beyond one's powers

давать полномочия — to empower, to give authority (for), to grant powers

действовать в пределах полномочий — to act within one's commission

действовать на основании полученных полномочий — to act on smb.'s authority

добиться полномочия — to win a mandate

добиться полномочия на формирование нового правительства — to win a mandate to form a new government

запросить полномочия — to request a mandate

иметь полномочия — to exercise / to have / to possess powers; have authority

наделить / облечь полномочиями — to invest with powers / authority

не выходить за пределы полномочий — to keep to / within the terms of reference

не признавать чьи-л. полномочия — to renounce smb.'s authority

обладать полномочиями — to have powers

обмениваться полномочиями — to exchange credentials

осуществлять полномочия — to exercise powers

осуществлять судебные и законодательные полномочия — to exercise jurisdictional and legislative powers

передавать полномочия — to hand over one's authority, delegate the power / responsibility (to), to devolve the power (on), to communicate credentials (to)

подписать полномочия (о назначении) — to sign commissions

получать полномочия на что-л. / сделать что-л. — to receive authority for smth. / to do smth.

предоставить полномочия — to grant powers (to), to confer powers (on), to furnish with powers

превышать свои полномочия — to override one's commission, to exceed / to go beyond one's powers

предъявить полномочия — to produce full powers

проверить полномочия — to examine the powers

продлить полномочия — to extend / to prolong the mandate

расширить полномочия — to expand powers

слагать полномочия — to tender a resignation

сохранить полномочия — to retain powers

уступить полномочия — to surrender powers

утвердить полномочия — to approve credentials

всеобъемлющие полномочия на заключение договора — full powers for the conclusion of a treaty

дискреционные полномочия — discretionary powers

добавочные полномочия — additional authority

имеющий официальные полномочия — accredited

исключительные полномочия — exclusive authority, exceptional powers

конституционные полномочия — constitutional authority

мандатные полномочия — mandatory powers

неограниченные полномочия — plenary / plenipotentiary powers, unrestricted / unlimited authority / powers

облечённый полномочиями — commissioned

ограниченные полномочие — limited / restricted powers

особые полномочия — special powers

официальные полномочия — official powers

постоянные полномочия — standing full powers

предоставленные полномочия (правительству США Конституцией) — granted / delegated / specific powers

чрезвычайные полномочия — emergency / extraordinary powers

чрезвычайные полномочие правительства на время войны — war powers

широкие полномочия — broad / wide / sweeping powers, large discretion

взаимное предъявление полномочий — exchange of one's full powers

в пределах своих полномочий — within one's powers / commission

круг полномочий — reference, terms of reference

ограниченный круг полномочий — limited reference, terms of reference

широкий круг полномочий — wide reference

установить круг полномочий — to specify the terms of reference

осуществление полномочий — exercise of (one's) powers

отсутствие полномочий — defect of authority

передача полномочий — delegation of powers, transfer of authority

полномочия делегатов — powers of the delegates

полномочие депутата — deputy's mandate

полномочия, которыми он наделён — authority vested in him

полномочия на ведение переговоров — powers for negotiation

полномочия на выход из договора — authority to withdraw from a treaty

полномочие найдены в надлежащем порядке и должной форме — full powers which were found in good and due form

полномочия парламента — authority of parliament

полномочие по служебному положению / должности — ex-officio full powers

полномочия сенатора — senatorial powers

признание полномочий депутатов — validity of deputies' credentials

проверка полномочий — verification of powers

продление полномочий — extension of the mandate

разделение полномочий — division / separation of powers

распределение полномочий — distribution of authority

срок полномочий — term of office; (выборных органов) tenure

возобновить срок полномочий — to renew the term of office

продлить срок полномочий — to extend the term of office

по истечении срока полномочий — on the expiry / expiration of the term of office

срок президентских полномочий — presidental term

сфера полномочий — jurisdiction

Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > полномочие полномочи·е
75 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■. "Portugal and Western Europe." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 29-62. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Farinha, Luis. "Regresso a Europa. Uma opcao feliz." Historia. XXIX; 95, III series (March 2007), 23-33.

   ■ Faye, Jean-Pierre, ed. Portugal: The Revolution in the Labyrinth. Nottingham, U.K.: Spokesman, 1976. Ferreira, Hugo Gil, and Michael W. Marshall. Portugal's Revolution: Ten Years On. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Figueira, João Costa. Cavaco Silva: Homem de Estado. Lisbon, 1987. Filoche, Gérard. Printemps Portugais. Paris: Editions Action, 1984. Frémontier, Jacques. Os Pontos nos ii. Lisbon, 1976. Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian. 25 de Abril-10 anos depois. Lisbon, 1984. Futscher Pereira, Bernardo. "Portugal and Spain." In K. Maxwell, ed. Portugal in the 1980s, 63-87. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Gama, Jaime. Política Externa Portuguesa 1983-85: Ministério dos Negôcios Estrangeiros. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■. "Preface." In J. Calvet de Magalhães, A. de Vasconcelos, and J. Ramos Silva, eds., Portugal: An Atlantic Paradox, 9-11. Lisbon, 1990. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino. As Eleições De 25 De Abril: Geografia E Imagem Dos Partidos. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "10 Anos de Democracia: Reflexos na geografia política." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opelio, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal 1974-1984/ Conflitos e Mudanças em Portugal, 1974-1984, 135-55. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■, et al. As Eleições para assembleia da república, 1979-1983: Estudos de geografia eleitoral. Lisbon, 1984. Gaspar, Jorge, and Nuno Vitorino, eds. Portugal em mapas e em números. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

   ■ Gladdish, Ken. "Portugal: An Open Verdict." In Geoffrey Pridham, ed. Securing Democracy: Political Parties and Democratic Consolidation in Southern Europe, 104-25. London and New York: Routledge, 1990.

   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

   ■, and Harry M. Makler, eds. Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■, and Douglas L. Wheeler, eds. In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Grayson, George W. "Portugal and the Armed Forces Movement." Orbis XIX, 2 (Summer 1975): 335-78.

   ■ Green, Gil. Portugal's Revolution. New York: International, 1976.

   ■ Hammond, John L. Building Popular Power: Workers' and Neighborhood Movements in the Portuguese Revolution. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1988.

   ■ Harsgor, Michael. Naissance d'un Nouveau Portugal. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1975.

   ■. Portugal in Revolution. Washington, D.C.: CSIS and Sage, 1976.

   ■ Harvey, Robert. Portugal, Birth of a Democracy. London: Macmillan, 1978.

   ■ Herr, Richard, ed. Portugal: The Long Road to Democracy and Europe. Berkeley, Calif.: International and Area Studies, 1992.

   ■ Insight Team of the Sunday [London] Times. Insight on Portugal: The Year of the Captains. London: Deutsch, 1975.

   ■ Janitschek, Hans. Mario Soares: Portrait of a Hero. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1985.

   ■ Keefe, Eugene K., et al. Area Handbook for Portugal, 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Foreign Area Studies of American University, 1977. Kramer, Jane. "A Reporter at Large: The Portuguese Revolution." The New Yorker (Dec. 15, 1975): 92-131.

   ■ Lauré, Jason, and Ettagal Lauré. Jovem Portugal: After the Revolution. New York: Straus, Farrar and Giroux, 1977.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. A New History of Portugal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

   ■ Lourenço, Eduardo. Os Militares e O Poder. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. O Fascismo Nunca Existiu. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. "Identidade e Memôria: o caso português." In E. de Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-l 984, 17-22. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Lucena, Manuel. Evolução e Instituições: A Extinção dos Grémios da Lavoura Alentejanos. Mem Martins, 1984.

   ■. "A herança de duas revoluções." In M. Baptista Coelho, ed., Portugal: O Sistema Político e Constitucional, 1974-87, 505-55. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Braga de, and S. Serfaty. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. New York: Praeger, 1981.

   ■ Magone, José M. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Mailer, Phil. Portugal: The Impossible Revolution. London: Solidarity, 1977. Manta, João Abel. Cartoons/ 1969-1975. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Manuel, Paul C. Uncertain Outcome: The Politics of Portugal's Transition to Democracy. Lanham, Md. and London: University Press of America, 1994.

   ■ Mateus, Rui. Contos Proibidos. Memorias de Um PS Desconhecido, 3rd ed. Lisbon: Dom Quixote, 1996.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. "Portugal under Pressure." The New York Review of Books (May 2, 1974).

   ■. "The Hidden Revolution in Portugal." The New York Review of Books (April 17, 1975).

   ■. "The Thorns of the Portuguese Revolution." Foreign Affairs 54, 2 (Jan. 1976): 250-70.

   ■. "The Communists and the Portuguese Revolution." Dissent 27, 2 (Spring 1980): 194-206.

   ■. Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

   ■, ed. "Portugal: Toward the Twenty-First Century." Camoes Center Quarterly 5, 3-4 (Fall 1995): 6-55.

   ■, ed. The Press and the Rebirth of Iberian Democracy. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1983.

   ■. Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution: Reports of Three Columbia University-Gulbenkian Workshops. New York: Research Institute on International Change, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth, and Michael H. Haltzel, eds. Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Medeiros Ferreira, José. Ensaio Histórico sobre a revolução do 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Medina, João, ed. Portugal De Abril: Do 25 Aos Nossos Dias. In Medina, ed., História Contemporãnea De Portugal. Lisbon, 1985. Merten, Peter. Anarchismus ünd Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libertare, 1981.

   ■ Miranda, Jorge. Constituição e Democracia. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■. A Constituição de 1976. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Morrison, Rodney J. Portugal: Revolutionary Change in an Open Economy. Boston: Auburn House, 1981.

   ■ Mujal-Leôn, Eusebio. "The PCP [Portuguese Communist Party] and the Portuguese Revolution." Problems of Communism 26 (Jan.- Feb. 1977): 21-41.

   ■ Neves, Mário. Missão em Moscovo. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Oliveira, César. M. F. A. e Revolução Socialista. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. Os Anos Decisivos: Portugal 1962-1985. Um testemunho. Lisbon: Presença, 1993.

   ■ Opello, Waiter C., Jr. Portugal's Political Development: A Comparative Approach. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1985.

   ■. Portugal: From Monarchy to Pluralist Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

   ■ Pell, Senator Claiborne H. Portugal ( Including the Azores and Spain) in Search of New Directions: Report to the Committee on Foreign Relations, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1976.

   ■ Pereira, J. Pacheco. "A Case of Orthodoxy: The Communist Party of Portugal." In Waller and Fenema, eds., Communist Parties in Western Europe: Adaptation or Decline? Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

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   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Sea to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Vicente, António Luís. Os Portuguese Nos Estados Unidos Da América: Política De Comunidades E Comunidade Política. Lisbon: FLAD, 1998.

   ■ Viera, David, et al. Portuguese in the United States: A Bibliography ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Essay Number 6 in Essays in Portuguese Studies. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1989.

   ■ Williams, Jerry. And Yet They Come: Portuguese Immigration from the Azores to the United States. New York: Center for Migration Studies, 1982.

   ■ Portugal's Atlantic Islands (Azores, Madeiras)

   ■ Biddle, Anthony J. Drexel. The Madeira Islands, 2 vols. London: Hurst and Blackett, 1900.

   ■ Bryans, Robin. Madeira, Pearl of the Atlantic. London: Robert Hale, 1959.

   ■. The Azores. London: Faber & Faber, 1963.

   ■ Cooke, Rupert Croft. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Cossart, Noel. Madeira— the Island Vineyard. London: Christie's, 1984.

   ■ Da Silva, Fernando Augusto, and Carlos Azevedo de Menezes. Elucidário Madeirense, 3 vols. Funchal, 1940.

   ■ Duncan, T. Bentley. Atlantic Islands in the Seventeenth Century: Madeira, the Azores and the Cape Verdes in Seventeenth-Century Commerce andNavigation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.

   ■ Guill, James H. A History of the Azores Islands. Menlo Park, Calif.: Author's Edition, 1972.

   ■ Instituto Histórico Da Ilha Terceira [Azores]. Os Açores E O Atlântico ( Séculos XIV-XVII) [Proceedings of International Colloquium, August 1983]. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira Island, Azores, 1984.

   ■ Koebel, William Henry. Madeira Old and New. London: Griffiths, 1909.

   ■ Mee, Jules. Histoire de la découverte des Iles Açores. Ghent, 1901.

   ■ Peres, Damião. A Madeira sob os donatórios-Séculos XV e XVI. Funchal, 1914.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Atlantic Islanders of the Azores and Madeiras. North Quincy, Mass.: Christopher House, 1979.

   ■ Serpa, Caetano Valadão. A Gente Dos Açores. Identificaçao-Emigraçio E Religiosidade: Séculos XVI-XX. Lisbon: 1978.

   ■ Silva, J. Donald. "With Columbus in Madeira." Portuguese Studies Review (Durham, NH) I, 1 (Spring-Summer 1991).

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Azores and the United States (1787-1987): Two Hundred Years of Shared History." Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira XLV (1988): 55-71.

   ■ Anglo-Portuguese Alliance (1373-Present)

   ■ Almada, José de. A Aliança Inglesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1947.

   ■. Para a história da aliança luso-britânica. Lisbon, 1955.

   ■ Atkinson, William C. British Contributions to Portuguese and Brazilian Studies. London: British Council, 1974.

   ■ Bourne, Kenneth. The Foreign Policy of Victorian England 1830-1902. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

   ■ British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■ British Community Council of London. Souvenir Brochure Commemorating the 600th Anniversary of the Anglo-Portuguese Treaty of Alliance and Friendship, 1373-1973. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. Portugal na Alvorada do Século XX. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello "Aliança Inglesa." Enciclopédia Luso-Brasileira da Cultura. Vol. 1 (1963): 1270-1271.

   ■. "L'alliance Anglo-Portuguese: Histoire et situation actuelle." Chronique de politique etrangére (Paris) XX, 6 (1967): 695-708.

   ■. Portugal e a Internacionalização dos Problemas Africanos. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Castro, Armando. A dominação inglesa em Portugal. Estudo seguido de Antologia Textos dos Sécs. XVIII e XIX. Oporto: Afrontamento, 1972.

   ■ Crollen, Luc. Portugal, the U.S. and NATO. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1973.

   ■. "Portugal." In O. De Raeymaeker et al. Small Powers in Alignment, 27-96. Leuven, Belgium: Leuven University Press, 1974.

   ■ Cunha Leal, Francisco. Portugal e Inglaterra. Corunna, 1932.

   ■ Davidson, Basil. "The Oldest Alliance Faces a Crisis." In Philip Masonm, ed., Angola: A Symposium. Views of a Revolt, 138-60. London: Oxford University Press, 1962.

   ■ Duff, Katherine. "The War and the Neutrals." In Arnold and Veronica Toyn-bee, eds., Survey of International Affairs. London: Chatham House, 1956.

   ■ Duffy, James. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967.

   ■ Epstein, John. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1373-1973." World Survey (London) 54 (June 1973): p. 18.

   ■ Ferreira, José Medeiros. Estudos de Estratégia e Relações Internacionais. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General L. O Poder Militar Da Gran-Bretanha E A Aliança Anglo-Lusa. Coimbra, 1939.

   ■. A Cooperaçio Anglo-Portuguesa na Grande Guerra de 1914-18. Lisbon, 1942.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Methuens and Portugal 1691-1700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

   ■. Portugal 1715-1808. London: Tamesis, 1985.

   ■ Freitas, A. Barjona de. A Questão Ingleza. Lisbon, 1891.

   ■ Gonçalves, Caetano. A Aliança Luso-Britânica e o Domínio Colonial Português. Lisbon, 1917.

   ■ Guedes, Armando Marques. A Aliança Inglesa: Notas de História diplomática, 1383-1943. Lisbon, 1943. Halpern Pereira, Miriam. Revoluçio, finanças, dependência externa. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Howorth, A. H. D'Araujo Scott. A Aliança Luso-Britânica E A Segunda Guerra Mundial. Lisbon, 1956.

   ■ Kay, Hugh. Salazar and Modern Portugal. New York: Hawthorne, 1970.

   ■ Lawrence, L. Nehru Seizes Goa. New York: Pageant, 1963.

   ■ Livermore, H. V. "The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance: Historical Perspective." 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 7-15. Lisbon: BBC, 1973.

   ■ Macedo, Jorge Borges de. História Diplomática Portuguesa-Constantes e Linhas de Força. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Manoel, J. de Câmara. Portugal e Inglatterra. Lisbon, 1909.

   ■ Martinez, Pedro S. História Diplomática de Portugal. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Medlicott, W. N. The Economic Blockade, Vol. II. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1952.

   ■ Oliveira, Pedro Aires. Os Despojos Da Alianca. A Gra-Bretanha e a questao colonial portuguesa 1945-1975. Lisbon: Tinta-da-China, 2007. Ortigão, Ramalho. John Bull. Lisbon, 1887.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Diplomatic Relations of Portugal with France, England and Holland from 1646 to 1668. Watford, U.K.: Voss & Michael, 1925.

   ■. Chapters in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. London: Voss & Michael, 1935.

   ■ Russell, Peter E. The English Intervention in Spain and Portugal in the Time of Edward III and Richard II. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1955. Sarmento, J. E. Morães. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and Coast Defense. London, 1908.

   ■ Serrão, Joel. "O Ultimatum (January 1890)." Dicionário de História de Portugal. Vol. IV (1971): 219-24.

   ■ Shafaat, Ahmed Khan, ed. Anglo-Portuguese Negotiations Relating to Bombay, 1660-1667. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.

   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
76 Mandat

Mandat n 1. POL elected office; 2. RECHT mandate, terms of reference (Auftrag)
* * *

n 1. < Pol> elected office; 2. < Recht> Auftrag mandate, terms of reference

* * *
Mandat
mandate, authority, commission, charge, (Amtszeit) term of office, (Anwalt) [counsel=s] brief, warrant of attorney, retainer, (parl.) seat [in Parliament], (Vollmacht) warrant, authority, proxy;
• Mandat ausüben (Anwalt) to act on behalf of a client;
• Mandat erringen to win a seat;
• sein Mandat niederlegen (Abgeordneter) to resign (vacate) one=s seat;
• Mandat für j. übernehmen to hold a brief for s. o.;
• einem Anwalt ein Mandat übertragen to retain a lawyer.

Business german-english dictionary > Mandat
77 public

adjective

(of, for, or concerning, the people (of a community or nation) in general: a public library; a public meeting; Public opinion turned against him; The public announcements are on the back page of the newspaper; This information should be made public and not kept secret any longer.) público

- publicly
- publicity
- publicize
- publicise
- public holiday
- public house
- public relations
- public service announcement
- public spirit
- public-spirited
- public transport
- in public
- the public
- public opinion poll

public¹ adj público

a public library una biblioteca pública

public transport transporte público

public opinion la opinión pública

public² n público

this area is closed to the public esta zona está cerrada al público

in public en público

public

tr['pʌblɪk]

adjective

1 público,-a

noun the public

1 el público

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

in public en público

to be in the public eye ser objeto de interés público

to be public knowledge ser del dominio público

to go public SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL salir a bolsa

to make public hacer público,-a

public company empresa pública, sociedad nombre femenino anónima

public convenience servicios nombre masculino plural, aseos nombre masculino plural

public holiday fiesta nacional

public house bar nombre masculino, pub nombre masculino

public opinion opinión nombre femenino pública

public prosecutor fiscal nombre masulino o femenino

public relations relaciones nombre femenino plural públicas

public school SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL colegio privado 2 SMALLAMERICAN ENGLISH/SMALL colegio público

public sector sector nombre masculino público

public speaker orador,-ra

public speaking oratoria

public transport transporte nombre masculino público

public utility servicio público

public ['pʌblɪk] adj

: público

♦ publicly adv

public n

: público m

public

adj.

• paladino, -a adj.

• placero, -a adj.

• público, -a adj.

n.

• público s.m.

I 'pʌblɪk
adjective

a) ( of people) público

public opinion — la opinión pública

it is public knowledge — es de dominio público

there is growing public concern — la gente está cada vez más preocupada

it wouldn't be in the public interest — no beneficiaría a la ciudadanía; eye I 1) c)

b) ( concerning the state) público

at public expense — con fondos públicos

public body — organismo m estatal or público

public works — obras fpl públicas

c) <library/garden/footpath> público

it's too public here — aquí no tenemos ninguna privacidad

d) (open, not concealed) <announcement/protest> público

a well-known public figure — un personaje conocido, una persona muy conocida

public speaking — oratoria f

to make something public — hacer* algo público

to go public — (journ) revelar algo a la prensa

e)

to go public — \<\<company\>\> salir* a bolsa

II

noun (+ sing or pl vb)

a) u ( people in general)

the public — el público

b) c ( audience) público m

c)

in public — en público

['pʌblɪk]
1. ADJ

1) (=of the State) público

• they can hire expensive lawyers at public expense — pueden contratar abogados caros a costa de los contribuyentes

• to run for/hold public office — presentarse como candidato a/ostentar un cargo público

• the public purse — el erario público

2) (=of, for, by everyone) público

• they want to deflect public attention from the real issues — quieren desviar la opinión pública de los verdaderos problemas

• to be in the public eye — ser objeto del interés público

he has kept his family out of the public eye — ha mantenido a su familia alejada de la atención pública

• I have decided to resign in the public interest — en el interés de los ciudadanos, he decidido dimitir

• in a bid to gain public support — en un intento de hacerse con el apoyo de la gente

- public enemy number one

3) (=open, not private) [statement, meeting] público; [appearance] en público

it's too public here — aquí estamos demasiado expuestos al público, aquí no tenemos intimidad

can we talk somewhere less public? — ¿podemos hablar en algún sitio más privado or menos expuesto al público?

• to become public — [news, fact] hacerse público

• to be in the public domain — (=not secret) ser de dominio público

• to go public — (Comm) empezar a cotizar en bolsa

they decided to go public about their relationship * — decidieron revelar su relación a la prensa or al público

• it is public knowledge — ya es de dominio público

• to retire from public life — retirarse de la vida pública

to lead an active public life — llevar una vida pública activa

• to make sth public — hacer público algo, publicar algo

4) (=well-known)

a public figure — un personaje público

2. N

1) (=people)

the public — el público

the house is open to the public — la casa está abierta al público

• the general public — el gran público

• a member of the public — un ciudadano

2) (=open place)

in public — en público

3) (=devotees) público m

she couldn't disappoint her public — no podía decepcionar a su público

• the reading/ sporting public — los aficionados a la lectura/al deporte

• the viewing public — los telespectadores

3.

CPD

public access television N — (US) televisión abierta al público

public address system N — (sistema m de) megafonía f, altavoces mpl, altoparlantes mpl (LAm)

public affairs NPL — actividades fpl públicas

public assistance N — (US) asistencia f pública

to be on public assistance — recibir asistencia pública

public bar N — bar m

public body N — organismo m público

public company N — empresa f pública

public convenience N — (Brit) frm servicios mpl, aseos mpl públicos

public debt N — deuda f pública, deuda f del Estado

public defender N — (US) defensor(a) m / f de oficio

public enemy N — enemigo m público

- be Public Enemy No 1 or number one

public enquiry N (Brit) — = public inquiry

public expenditure N — gasto m (del sector) público

public gallery N — (in parliament, courtroom) tribuna f reservada al público

public health N — salud f pública, sanidad f pública

public health inspector N — inspector(a) m / f de salud or sanidad pública

Public Health Service N — (US) ≈ Seguridad f Social, servicio público de asistencia sanitaria

public holiday N — fiesta f nacional, fiesta f oficial, (día m) feriado m (LAm)

public house N — (Brit) frm bar m

public housing N — (US) viviendas mpl de protección oficial

public housing project N — (US) proyecto f de viviendas de protección oficial

public inquiry N — investigación f oficial

public lavatory N — aseos mpl públicos

public law N — (=discipline, body of legislation) derecho m público; (US) (=piece of legislation) ley f pública

public library N — biblioteca f pública

public limited company N — sociedad f anónima

public money N — fondos mpl públicos

public nuisance N — (Jur) molestia f pública

he's a public nuisance — siempre está causando problemas or molestias

to cause a public nuisance — alterar el orden público

public opinion N — opinión f pública

public opinion poll N — sondeo m (de la opinión pública)

public ownership N —

• to be taken into public ownership — pasar a ser propiedad del estado

public property N — (=land, buildings) dominio m público
(fig)
he couldn't handle being public property — no podía soportar ser un personaje público

his private life is public property — su vida privada es de dominio público

public prosecutor N — fiscal mf

the Public Prosecutor's Office — la fiscalía

See:

see cultural note ATTORNEY in attorney

Public Record Office N — (Brit) archivo m nacional

public relations NPL — relaciones fpl públicas

the police action was a public relations disaster — la actuación de la policía fue desastrosa para su imagen

it's just a public relations exercise — es solo una operación publicitaria or de relaciones públicas

public relations officer N — encargado(-a) m / f de relaciones públicas

public school N — (Brit) colegio m privado; (=boarding school) internado m privado; (US) escuela f pública

the public sector N — el sector público

60,000 public-sector jobs must be cut — se deben eliminar 60.000 puestos de funcionario, se deben eliminar 60.000 puestos en el sector público

public sector borrowing requirement N — necesidades fpl de endeudamiento del sector público

public servant N — funcionario(-a) m / f

public service N — (=Civil Service) administración f pública; (usu pl) (=community facility) servicio m público

she will be remembered for a lifetime of public service — se la recordará por cómo entregó su vida al servicio de la comunidad

in doing this they were performing a public service — con esto estaban haciendo un servicio a la comunidad

public service announcement — comunicado m de interés público

public service jobs — puestos mpl de funcionario or en el sector público

public service vehicle — vehículo m de servicio público

public service worker — funcionario(-a) m / f

public service broadcasting N — servicio m público de radio y televisión

public speaker N — orador(a) m / f

she is a good public speaker — habla muy bien en público, es una buena oradora

public speaking N — oratoria f

public spending N — gasto m (del sector) público

public television N — (US) cadenas fpl públicas (de televisión)

public transport, public transportation (US) N — transporte(s) m(pl) público(s)

to ban smoking on public transport — prohibir fumar en los medios de transporte público

public utility N — empresa f del servicio público

public works NPL — obras fpl públicas
PUBLIC ACCESS TELEVISION En Estados Unidos, el término Public Access Television hace referencia a una serie de cadenas no comerciales de televisión por cable que emiten programas de ámbito local o programas dedicados a organizaciones humanitarias sin ánimo de lucro. Entre sus emisiones se incluyen charlas sobre actividades escolares, programas sobre aficiones diversas e incluso discursos de organizaciones racistas. Estas emisiones de acceso público se crearon para dar cabida a temas de interés local e impedir que los canales por cable estuvieran dominados por unos cuantos privilegiados. En virtud de la Ley de Emisiones por Cable, el Cable Act de 1984, cualquier población en que haya algún canal por cable puede obligar a los propietarios de dicho canal a que instalen una cadena adicional de acceso público y provean el equipo, el estudio, los medios técnicos y el personal necesarios para la emisión.
* * *

I ['pʌblɪk]
adjective

a) ( of people) público

public opinion — la opinión pública

it is public knowledge — es de dominio público

there is growing public concern — la gente está cada vez más preocupada

it wouldn't be in the public interest — no beneficiaría a la ciudadanía; eye I 1) c)

b) ( concerning the state) público

at public expense — con fondos públicos

public body — organismo m estatal or público

public works — obras fpl públicas

c) <library/garden/footpath> público

it's too public here — aquí no tenemos ninguna privacidad

d) (open, not concealed) <announcement/protest> público

a well-known public figure — un personaje conocido, una persona muy conocida

public speaking — oratoria f

to make something public — hacer* algo público

to go public — (journ) revelar algo a la prensa

e)

to go public — \<\<company\>\> salir* a bolsa

II

noun (+ sing or pl vb)

a) u ( people in general)

the public — el público

b) c ( audience) público m

c)

in public — en público

English-spanish dictionary > public
78 bestätigen

I v/t

1. (Aussage, Mitteilung etc.) confirm; (unterstützen) back up; (Vermutung, Theorie etc.) auch bear out, corroborate; ich kann das nur bestätigen I couldn’t agree (with you) more; sich in etw. bestätigt fühlen feel vindicated in s.th.; er sah oder fand sich in seiner Annahme / Meinung bestätigt his assumption was borne out / his opinion was confirmed; jemandem etw. bestätigen give s.o. confirmation of s.th.; Ausnahme

2. (offiziell bescheinigen) certify; hiermit wird bestätigt, dass... this is to certify that...

3. WIRTS. (Aufträge) confirm; (Empfang) acknowledge receipt

4. JUR. (für gültig erklären) Urteil: uphold

5. jemanden im Amt bestätigen confirm s.o. in office; die Kollegen bestätigten ihn für ein weiteres Jahr ( in seiner Funktion) als Sprecher his colleagues reappointed him as spokesman for another year

II v/refl be confirmed, be borne out, prove (to be) correct ( oder true); mein Verdacht hat sich nicht bestätigt my suspicion proved ( oder turned out) to be unfounded; er muss sich dauernd selbst bestätigen he constantly has to prove himself

* * *

(Gesetz) to ratify;

(Urteil) to uphold;

(bekräftigen) to affirm; to corroborate; to confirm;

(bescheinigen) to certify; to bear witness to; to prove; to bear witness of; to validate; to acknowledge; to verify

* * *
be|stä|ti|gen [bə'ʃtɛːtɪgn] ptp bestätigt
1. vt

1) Aussage, Verdacht, jdn to confirm; Theorie, Alibi etc to bear out, to corroborate; (JUR ) Urteil to uphold; (COMPUT) Kennwort etc to validate

bestätigt finden — to be confirmed in sth

ich hatte angenommen, dass... und fand mich darin bestätigt — I had assumed that... and my assumption was confirmed or borne out

bestä́tigend — confirmative, confirmatory

ein bestä́tigendes Kopfnicken — a nod of confirmation

... sagte er bestä́tigend —... he said in confirmation

2) (COMM) Empfang, Brief to acknowledge (receipt of)

3) (= beurkunden) to confirm, to certify, to attest

hiermit wird bestätigt, dass... — this is to confirm or certify that...

jdn ( im Amt) bestä́tigen — to confirm sb's appointment

4) (= anerkennen) to acknowledge, to recognize

2. vr
to be confirmed, to prove true, to be proved true
das tut er nur, um sich selbst zu bestä́tigen — he only does it to boost his ego

* * *

1) (to say (usually in writing) that one has received (something): He acknowledged the letter.) acknowledge

2) (to annoy or worry: He badgered the authorities until they gave him a new passport.) badger

3) (to establish or make quite certain: They confirmed their hotel booking by letter.) confirm

4) (to support or confirm (evidence etc already given): She corroborated her sister's story.) corroborate

5) (to approve and agree to formally and officially, especially in writing.) ratify

6) (to confirm the truth or correctness of (something): Can you verify her statement?) verify

* * *

be·stä·ti·gen *

[bəˈʃtɛ:tɪgn̩]

vt

1. (für zutreffend erklären)

▪ [jdm] etw \bestätigen to confirm [sb's] sth

eine Theorie \bestätigen to confirm [or bear out] a theory

ein Alibi \bestätigen to corroborate an alibi

die Richtigkeit einer S. gen \bestätigen to testify to sth's correctness, to verify sth

ein Urteil \bestätigen to uphold [or sustain] a sentence

das Parlament bestätigte den Vertrag the parliament ratified the treaty

▪ jdn [in etw dat] \bestätigen to support sb [in sth]

jdn in seinem Verdacht/seiner Vermutung \bestätigen to confirm sb's suspicion/speculation

▪ \bestätigend in confirmation

ein \bestätigendes Kopfnicken a nod of confirmation

„hiermit [o hierdurch] wird bestätigt, dass...“ “we hereby confirm [or certify] that...”

2. (quittieren)

▪ [jdm] etw \bestätigen to certify sth [for sb]

[jdm] den Empfang einer S. gen \bestätigen to acknowledge receipt of sth [for sb]; ADMIN to confirm sth [to sb]

3. ADMIN

▪ jdn in etw dat \bestätigen to confirm sb in sth

jdn im Amt \bestätigen to confirm sb in office

jdn in einer Stellung \bestätigen to confirm sb's appointment

* * *
1.
transitives Verb confirm; endorse < document>; acknowledge <receipt of letter, money, goods, etc.>

ein Urteil bestätigen — (Rechtsw.) uphold a judgement

jemanden [im Amt] bestätigen — confirm somebody's appointment

einen Brief/eine Bestellung bestätigen — (Kaufmannsspr.) acknowledge [receipt of] a letter/an order
2.
reflexives Verb be confirmed; < rumour> prove to be true

* * *

bestätigen

A. v/t

1. (Aussage, Mitteilung etc) confirm; (unterstützen) back up; (Vermutung, Theorie etc) auch bear out, corroborate;

ich kann das nur bestätigen I couldn’t agree (with you) more;

sich in etwas bestätigt fühlen feel vindicated in sth;

er sah oder

fand sich in seiner Annahme/Meinung bestätigt his assumption was borne out/his opinion was confirmed;

jemandem etwas bestätigen give sb confirmation of sth; → Ausnahme

2. (offiziell bescheinigen) certify;

hiermit wird bestätigt, dass … this is to certify that …

3. WIRTSCH (Aufträge) confirm; (Empfang) acknowledge receipt

4. JUR (für gültig erklären) Urteil: uphold

5.

jemanden im Amt bestätigen confirm sb in office;

die Kollegen bestätigten ihn für ein weiteres Jahr (in seiner Funktion) als Sprecher his colleagues reappointed him as spokesman for another year

B. v/r be confirmed, be borne out, prove (to be) correct ( oder true);

mein Verdacht hat sich nicht bestätigt my suspicion proved ( oder turned out) to be unfounded;

er muss sich dauernd selbst bestätigen he constantly has to prove himself

* * *
1.
transitives Verb confirm; endorse < document>; acknowledge <receipt of letter, money, goods, etc.>

ein Urteil bestätigen — (Rechtsw.) uphold a judgement

jemanden [im Amt] bestätigen — confirm somebody's appointment

einen Brief/eine Bestellung bestätigen — (Kaufmannsspr.) acknowledge [receipt of] a letter/an order
2.
reflexives Verb be confirmed; < rumour> prove to be true

* * *

v.

to acknowledge v.

to affirm v.

to bear out v.

to certify v.

to confirm v.

to countersign v.

to indorse v.

to ratify v.

to validate v.

to verify v.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > bestätigen
79 Sitz

m; -es, -e

1. seat (auch Parl.); die Zuschauer von den Sitzen reißen get the spectators wild with excitement; das haut mich nicht vom Sitz it doesn’t do anything for me; Sitz und Stimme haben PARL. have a seat and a vote

2. (Landsitz, Familiensitz etc.) seat; (Amtssitz) residence; einer Organisation, eines Unternehmens: auch headquarters Pl. (auch V. im Sg.) (Wohnsitz) (place of) residence; förm. domicile; Karlsruhe ist Sitz des Bundesverfassungsgerichts the Federal Constitutional Court sits ( oder has its seat) in Karlsruhe; der Sitz der Firma ist (in) München the firm’s headquarters ( oder main office) is in Munich

3. TECH., auch Kleidung: fit; einen guten Sitz haben Kleidung: fit well, sit well on s.o.; Reitsport: have a good seat, sit (the horse) well; auf einen Sitz umg., fig. in one go

* * *

der Sitz

(Sitzgelegenheit) seat;

(Stammsitz) seat; place of residence; residence

* * *
Sịtz [zɪts]
m -es, -e

1) (=Sitzplatz PARL) seat

Sitz und Stimme haben — to have a seat and a vote

2) (von Regierung, Herrscher, Universität fig) seat; (= Wohnsitz) residence, domicile (form); (von Firma, Verwaltung) headquarters pl

die Welthandelsorganisation hat ihren Sitz in Genf — the World Trade Organization has its headquarters in Geneva

3) no pl (TECH von Kleidungsstück) sit; (von der Größe her) fit

einen guten Sitz haben — to sit/fit well

einen schlechten Sitz haben — to sit/fit badly

4) no pl (von Reiter) seat

* * *

der

1) (the right size or shape for a particular person, purpose etc: Your dress is a very good fit.) fit

2) (something for sitting on: Are there enough seats for everyone?) seat

3) (the part of a chair etc on which the body sits: This chair-seat is broken.) seat

4) (a place in which a person has a right to sit: two seats for the play; a seat in Parliament; a seat on the board of the company.) seat

* * *

Sitz

<-es, -e>

[zɪts]

m

1. (Sitzgelegenheit) seat; (auf einem Holzstamm a.) perch

2. (Sitzfläche) seat

den \Sitz [eines Stuhls] neu beziehen to reseat a chair

3. (Amtssitz) seat; Gesellschaft, Verwaltung headquarters + sing/pl vb; Unternehmen head office; Universität seat; (Hauptniederlassung) principal establishment

4. kein pl (Passform) sit; (bezüglich Größe) fit

einen bequemen/richtigen \Sitz haben to sit comfortably/correctly/to be a comfortable/correct fit

* * *

der; Sitzes, Sitze

1) seat

2) (mit Stimmrecht) seat

Sitz und Stimme haben — have a seat and a vote

3) (RegierungsSitz) seat; (VerwaltungsSitz) headquarters sing. or pl.

4) (sitzende Haltung) sitting position; (beim Reiten) seat

5) (von Kleidungsstücken) fit

6)

auf einen Sitz — (ugs.) in or at one go

* * *

Sitz m; -es, -e

1. seat ( auch PARL);

die Zuschauer von den Sitzen reißen get the spectators wild with excitement;

das haut mich nicht vom Sitz it doesn’t do anything for me;

Sitz und Stimme haben PARL have a seat and a vote

2. (Landsitz, Familiensitz etc) seat; (Amtssitz) residence; einer Organisation, eines Unternehmens: auch headquarters pl (auch v im sg); (Wohnsitz) (place of) residence; form domicile;

Karlsruhe ist Sitz des Bundesverfassungsgerichts the Federal Constitutional Court sits ( oder has its seat) in Karlsruhe;

der Sitz der Firma ist (in) München the firm’s headquarters ( oder main office) is in Munich

3. TECH, auch Kleidung: fit;

einen guten Sitz haben Kleidung: fit well, sit well on sb; Reitsport: have a good seat, sit (the horse) well;

auf einen Sitz umg, fig in one go

* * *

der; Sitzes, Sitze

1) seat

2) (mit Stimmrecht) seat

Sitz und Stimme haben — have a seat and a vote

3) (RegierungsSitz) seat; (VerwaltungsSitz) headquarters sing. or pl.

4) (sitzende Haltung) sitting position; (beim Reiten) seat

5) (von Kleidungsstücken) fit

6)

auf einen Sitz — (ugs.) in or at one go

* * *

-e m.

fit n.

seat n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Sitz
80 Wahl

f; -, -en

1. nur Sg. choice; (Alternative) alternative, option; (Auslese) selection; aus freier Wahl of one’s own free will ( oder choice); seine Wahl treffen make one’s choice; die freie Wahl haben be free to choose; keine ( andere) Wahl haben have no alternative ( oder choice) ( als but); in die engere Wahl kommen be short-listed, be on the short list; Sache: be a possibility; der Wagen Ihrer Wahl the car of your choice; vor der Wahl stehen, zu (+ Inf.) be faced with the choice of (+ Ger.) wenn ich die Wahl hätte if I could choose, if I had the choice; die Wahl fällt mir schwer I find it hard to choose, I can’t decide; drei Themen stehen zur Wahl there’s a choice of three topics, three topics are on offer; wer die Wahl hat, hat die Qual Sprichw. decisions, decisions!

2. POL. etc. election; (Wahlakt) poll(ing), voting; (Stimmabgabe) vote; Wahlen abhalten hold elections; Sonntag sind Wahlen there are elections on Sunday, Sunday is an election day; direkte / indirekte Wahl direct / indirect election; freie Wahlen free elections; geheime Wahl secret ballot; sich zur Wahl stellen stand (bes. Am. run) (as a candidate); Wahl durch Handaufheben vote by (a) show of hands; Wahl durch Zurufen vote by acclamation; zur Wahl schreiten go to the polls; die Wahl anfechten contest the result of the election

3. im Verein etc.: election; (Abstimmung) vote; bei der Hauptversammlung im Mai stehen Wahlen an elections will take place at the Annual General Meeting in May; seine Wahl in das Vereinspräsidium etc. his election to the presiding committee of the club etc.; nehmen Sie die Wahl an? are you willing to accept your election ( oder the office you have been elected to)?; ich nehme die Wahl an I accept (my election)

4. nur. Sg.; (Güteklasse) grade, quality, class; erste Wahl top ( oder prime) quality, first grade, grade one; zweite Wahl second quality, second grade, grade two; (Waren) seconds; die Orangen sind zweite Wahl the oranges are grade two ( oder second-grade); als Kandidat etc. ist er nur zweite Wahl as a candidate etc. he’s only second-rate

* * *

die Wahl

(Auswahl) selection; choice;

(politisch) election; poll; vote; voting; polling

* * *
[vaːl]
f -, -en

1) (= Auswahl) choice

die Wáhl fiel auf ihn/dieses Buch — he/this book was chosen

aus freier Wáhl — of one's own free choice

wir hatten keine (andere) Wáhl(, als) — we had no alternative or choice (but)

es gab or blieb keine andere Wáhl(, als) — there was no alternative (but)

das ließ mir keine (andere) Wáhl — it left me no (other) choice

jdm die Wáhl lassen — to leave (it up to) sb to choose

jdm etw zur Wáhl stellen — to give sb the choice of sth

drei Kandidaten stehen zur Wáhl — there is a choice of three candidates

seine/eine Wáhl treffen — to make one's/a choice or selection

du hast die Wáhl — take your choice or pick

sie hat die Wáhl, ob sie... — the choice is hers whether she..., it's up to her whether she...

wer die Wáhl hat, hat die Qual (Prov) — he is/you are etc spoiled for choice

See:

→ eng

2) (POL ETC) election; (= Abstimmung) vote; (geheim) ballot

geheime Wáhl — secret ballot

freie Wáhl — free elections

Wáhl durch Handerheben — vote by (a) show of hands

(die) Wáhlen — (the) elections

Wáhl eines Präsidenten — election of a president

seine Wáhl in den Vorstand/zum Präsidenten — his election to the board/as president

die Wáhl gewinnen — to win the election

zur Wáhl gehen — to go to vote, to go to the polls

jdn zur Wáhl aufstellen or vorschlagen — to propose sb or put sb up as a candidate (for election)

sich zur Wáhl stellen — to stand (as a candidate), to stand (at the/an election), to run (for parliament/president etc)

zur Wáhl schreiten — to take a vote or (geheim) ballot

die Wáhl annehmen — to accept the or one's election

3) (= Qualität) quality

erste Wáhl — top quality; Gemüse, Eier class or grade one

zweite/dritte Wáhl — second/third quality; Gemüse, Eier class or grade two/three

Waren erster Wáhl — top-quality goods

Eier erster Wáhl — class-one or grade-one eggs

Fleisch erster Wáhl — prime meat

Waren zweiter Wáhl — seconds pl

Gemüse zweiter Wáhl — class-two or grade-two vegetables

der Teller war zweite Wáhl — the plate was a second

* * *

die

1) (an act or the power of choosing: You have no choice - you must do it.) choice

2) (a thing chosen: Which car was your original choice?) choice

3) (the choosing, or choice, (usually by vote) of person(s) for office: When do the elections take place?; He is standing for election again.) election

4) (the act or process of selecting or being selected: a selection of boys for the choir; ( also adjective) a selection committee.) selection

* * *

Wahl

<-, -en>

[va:l]

f

1. POL (Abstimmung) election, vote

▪ [die] \Wahlen [zu etw dat] [the] elections [to sth]

die \Wahl annehmen to accept one's election

freie \Wahl free elections pl

geheime \Wahl secret ballot

zur \Wahl gehen to [go to] vote, to go to the polls

die \Wahl gewinnen to win the election

\Wahl durch Handaufheben vote by [a] show of hands

zur \Wahl schreiten (geh) to [take a] vote

jdn zur \Wahl stellen to put sb up as a candidate [for election]

sich akk zur \Wahl stellen to stand [or run] as a candidate

2. kein pl (Ernennung) election

jds \Wahl zum Vorsitzenden/in den Vorstand sb's election as chairman/to the board

3. kein pl (das Auswählen) choice

er ist der Mann meiner \Wahl he is the man of my choice

jds \Wahl fällt auf jdn/etw sb chooses sb/sth

meine \Wahl fiel auf den roten Sportwagen the red sports car was my choice

aus freier \Wahl of one's own free choice

freie \Wahl des Arbeitsplatzes free choice of employment

die \Wahl haben to have a choice

das Recht der ersten \Wahl the right of first choice

eine/seine \Wahl treffen to make a/one's choice

4. (Alternative) alternative, choice

die \Wahl haben to have the choice, to be able to choose

du hast die \Wahl take your choice

er hat die \Wahl the choice is his

jd hat [o jdm bleibt] keine andere \Wahl, als... sb has no alternative [or choice] but...

die \Wahl haben, etw zu tun to be able to choose to do sth

jdm die \Wahl lassen to let sb choose [or leave it up to sb [to choose]]

jdm keine \Wahl lassen to leave sb [with] no alternative [or other choice]

vor der \Wahl stehen to be faced with the choice

etw steht zur \Wahl there is a choice of sth

jdm etw zur \Wahl stellen to give sb the choice of sth

5. ÖKON (Klasse)

erste/zweite \Wahl top[-grade] [or first[-class]]/second-class quality

... erster/zweiter \Wahl top[-grade] [or first[-class]]/second-class quality...

Eier erster/zweiter \Wahl grade one/two eggs

Waren erster/zweiter \Wahl firsts/seconds, top[-grade]/second-class quality goods

6. ÖKON (Auswahl) choice, selection

7.

▶ wer die \Wahl hat, hat die Qual (prov) sb is spoilt for choice

* * *

die; Wahl, Wahlen

1) o. Pl. choice

eine/seine Wahl treffen — make a/one's choice

jemandem die Wahl lassen — let somebody choose

mir bleibt od. ich habe keine [andere] Wahl — I have no choice or alternative

es stehen drei Menüs zur Wahl — there are three set meals to choose from

die Wahl fiel auf ihn — the choice fell on him

in die engere Wahl kommen — be short-listed or put on the shortlist (Brit.)

2) (in ein Gremium, Amt) election

in Hessen ist Wahl od. sind Wahlen — there are elections in Hessen

sich zur Wahl stellen — stand or (Amer.) run for election

geheime Wahl — secret ballot

3) (Güteklasse) quality

die Socken sind zweite Wahl — the socks are seconds

* * *

Wahl f; -, -en

1. nur sg choice; (Alternative) alternative, option; (Auslese) selection;

aus freier Wahl of one’s own free will ( oder choice);

seine Wahl treffen make one’s choice;

die freie Wahl haben be free to choose;

keine (andere) Wahl haben have no alternative ( oder choice) (

als but);

in die engere Wahl kommen be short-listed, be on the short list; Sache: be a possibility;

der Wagen Ihrer Wahl the car of your choice;

vor der Wahl stehen, zu (+inf) be faced with the choice of (+ger)

wenn ich die Wahl hätte if I could choose, if I had the choice;

die Wahl fällt mir schwer I find it hard to choose, I can’t decide;

drei Themen stehen zur Wahl there’s a choice of three topics, three topics are on offer;

wer die Wahl hat, hat die Qual sprichw decisions, decisions!

2. POL etc election; (Wahlakt) poll(ing), voting; (Stimmabgabe) vote;

Wahlen abhalten hold elections;

Sonntag sind Wahlen there are elections on Sunday, Sunday is an election day;

direkte/indirekte Wahl direct/indirect election;

freie Wahlen free elections;

geheime Wahl secret ballot;

sich zur Wahl stellen stand (besonders US run) (as a candidate);

Wahl durch Handaufheben vote by (a) show of hands;

Wahl durch Zurufen vote by acclamation;

zur Wahl schreiten go to the polls;

die Wahl anfechten contest the result of the election

3. im Verein etc: election; (Abstimmung) vote;

bei der Hauptversammlung im Mai stehen Wahlen an elections will take place at the Annual General Meeting in May;

seine Wahl in das Vereinspräsidium etc his election to the presiding committee of the club etc;

nehmen Sie die Wahl an? are you willing to accept your election ( oder the office you have been elected to)?;

ich nehme die Wahl an I accept (my election)

4. nur. sg; (Güteklasse) grade, quality, class;

erste Wahl top ( oder prime) quality, first grade, grade one;

zweite Wahl second quality, second grade, grade two; (Waren) seconds;

die Orangen sind zweite Wahl the oranges are grade two ( oder second-grade);

als Kandidat etc

ist er nur zweite Wahl as a candidate etc he’s only second-rate

* * *

die; Wahl, Wahlen

1) o. Pl. choice

eine/seine Wahl treffen — make a/one's choice

jemandem die Wahl lassen — let somebody choose

mir bleibt od. ich habe keine [andere] Wahl — I have no choice or alternative

es stehen drei Menüs zur Wahl — there are three set meals to choose from

die Wahl fiel auf ihn — the choice fell on him

in die engere Wahl kommen — be short-listed or put on the shortlist (Brit.)

2) (in ein Gremium, Amt) election

in Hessen ist Wahl od. sind Wahlen — there are elections in Hessen

sich zur Wahl stellen — stand or (Amer.) run for election

geheime Wahl — secret ballot

3) (Güteklasse) quality

die Socken sind zweite Wahl — the socks are seconds

* * *

-en f.

choice n.

election n.

electoral n.

option n.

vote n.

Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wahl

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