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1 ῥέζω 1
ῥέζω 1.Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to act, to perform', esp. of a sacrifice, `to offer a sacrifice' (ep. Il.).Derivatives: Vbaladj. ἄ-ρεκ-τος `undone' (Τ 150, Simon.), Nom. ag. ῥεκτήρ, - ῆρος m. `doer' (Hes., Man.; Benveniste Noms d'ag. 39), - τήριος `effective' (Ion Hist.), f. - τειρα (Man.); ῥέκτης m. `id.' (Plu., Aret.), - τικός `capable of smth.' (Porph.), also ῥέκτας `sacrificer' (Tauromenion; Rom. times); παρρέκτης πάντα πράττων ἐπὶ κακῳ̃ H.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 150 a. 175; on ῥέζω with derivv. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85 f.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1168] *u̯erǵ- `work'Etymology: Beside the full grade (Ϝ)έργον stood originally a zero grade yot-present, IE *u̯r̥ǵ-i̯-eti (= Av. vǝrǝzyeiti a.o.), of which he Greek representative *Ϝράζω (= Myc. woze), was replaced by the full grade ἔρδω \< *Ϝέργ-ι̯ω (after Ϝέργον). As secondary full grade, with diff. position of the liquida, came for it Ϝρεγ-, first in the aor. a. fut. ῥέξαι, ῥέξω, to which the pres. ῥέζω was formed, vbaladj. ἄ-ρ(ρ)εκτος etc.; cf. Schwyzer 716 n. 2 w. lit. On traces of the same full grade in Alban. a. Celt. Pok. 1168 w. lit.; on this w. extensive treatment Bader Les composés grecs du type de demiourgos (Études et Comm. 57 [Paris 1965]) 1ff. -- Further s. ἔρδω and ἔργον.Page in Frisk: 2,647Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέζω 1
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2 δίδωμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `give' (Il.).Other forms: Fut. δώσω ( διδώσω ν 358, ω 314), aor. ἔδωκα, δοῦναι (s. below), pass. δοθῆναι, perf. δέδωκα, δέδομαι. Cypr. opt. δώκοι from δώκω (from the aor.).Dialectal forms: Myc. didosi \/ didonsi\/ `they give', didoto \/ didontoi\/ 3. pl. ind. pass., dose \/dōsei\/ `he will give', jodososi \/jō-dosonsi\/, odoke \/hō-dōke\/, apu-doke \/apu-dōke\/, apedoke \/ap-edōke\/, dedomena \/ dedomena\/ perf. ptc. pass.; apudosi \/ apu-dosis\/, dosomo \/ dosmos\/, dosomijo \/ dosmios\/ `consisting of contributions', dora \/dōra\/ `gifts'; PN teodora \/theodōra\/.Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀνα-, ἀντι-, ἀπο-, δια- etc. As first member δωσι- in Δωσί-θεος etc.; cf. Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 11; s. also below.Derivatives: δώς f. `gift' (Hes. Op. 356 \< δώ-ς or *δώτ-ς, s. below); ( ἀνά-, ἀντί-, ἀπό- etc.) δόσις `gift' (Il.; on the meaning Schwyzer 504 n. 2, Benveniste Noms d'agent 76, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 75, Rauillard Mélanges Boisacq 2, 219ff.) with δοσίδιον (inscr.) and δόσιμος, often from comp. ἐπι-, ἐν-, παρα-; δῶτις, uncertain; acc. to Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 105 twice (!) in the Amphiktyon-law of 380a for λωτις; also δῶττις δώς, φερνή H., prob. wrong; s. Latte; δωτίνη, -ᾱ, `gift, present, rent' (Hom., also Argolis; but cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 279f.), with δωτινάζω `collect gifts' Hdt. 2, 180); ἀπυ-δοσμός `selling' with ἀπυδόσμιος (Arc.); - δομα in ἀπό-, διά-, πρό-δομα etc.; cf. Wilhelm Glotta 14, 70f.; δῶρον s. v. - ( ἐκ-, ἐπι- etc.) δοτήρ `giver' (Il.), f. δότειρα (Hes.); δώτωρ `id.' (Od.); to δοτήρ: δώτωρ Schwyzer 381 and 530; Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 and 49; δωτήρ `id.' ( θεοὶ δωτῆρες ἐάων θ 325 etc.; s. below); δότης = δοτήρ (LXX); init. only in comp., e.g. προδότης, f. - τις `traitor' (Ion., Att.) with προδοσία `treason' (Ion.-Att.); δώτης (Hes. Op. 355, beside ἀ-δώτης; cf. δώς above and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 118, Frisk Subst. priv. 20), ἐπιδώτης surname of Zeus in Mantinea and other gods (Paus.) with Έπιδώτειον name of a tempel (Epidauros); Δωτώ name of a Nereide (Il., Hes.; s. below). - δοτικός, often with prefix ἐπι-, μετα- etc. (Arist.). - Desiderative deverbat. παρα-, ἐν- etc. δωσείω (Th.), iterative preterite δόσκον (ep.).Etymology: IE root * deh₃-\/ dh₃-. But for the vowel of the reduplicative syllable δί-δω-μι, δί-δω-σι agrees with Skt. dá-dā-ti, Av. da-dāi-ti; i-reduplication in Italic, e. g. Osc. didest `he will give', Vest. di-de-t `dat', perhaps also in Lat. reddō, if \< * re-di-dō. Also the medial aorists ἔ-δο-το, Skt. á-di-ta, Venet. zo-to and the participles (-) δοτός, Lat. dătus agree against Skt. - dāta-, Av. dāta- (but zero grade in Skt. - tta- \< *- dh₃-to-; as simplex Sanskrit has new dattá-). The active aorist ἔ-δω-κ-α (with - κ- after ἔθηκα, ἧκα, s. Schwyzer 741 w. n. 8) from root aorist *ἔ-δω-ν (cf. ἔ-στη-ν), seen in Skt. á-dā-t, Arm. et `he gave' (\< *é-dō-t). - On Cypr. δοϜεναι beside Skt. dāváne `to give' see Benveniste Origines 129 but also Specht Gnomon 14, 34); an element u̯ also in Cypr. opt. δυϜάνοι, Lat. duim `dem', Lith. dovanà `gift' and other forms; (hom. Att. δοῦναι from *δο-έναι). - Of the nouns compare δώτωρ = Skt. dā́tar-, with zero grade Lat. dător; δοτήρ: Skt. dātár- ; δόσις = Lat. dăti-ō; δώς, if \< *δώτ-ς = Lat. dōs, - tis (if IE * dō-t-, not * dō-ti-). First member Δωσι- = Skt. dāti-vāra- `who loves giving, liberal'. - Hitt. dā- `take', cf. Skt. ā-dā- `receive'.Page in Frisk: 1,388-389Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δίδωμι
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3 παῖς
παῖς, παιδόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `child, boy, son, slave, servant', more rarely `girl, daughter' (Il.).Other forms: (ep. Lesb. Boeot. also πάϊς).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. παιδ-αγωγός m. "child guide", `attendant of children, schoolteacher', ἄ-παις `childless' (IA.).Derivatives: A. Subst. Several hypocoristic diminutives, which partly replaced the base word. 1. παιδ-ίον n. (IA.) with - ιότης f. `childhood' (Aq.), - ιώδης `childish' (D.H.). 2. παιδ-ίσκος m., more usu. - ίσκη f. (Att.) with - ισκι-ωρός m. (Sparta) prop. "guard of girls" ?, (s Leumann Hom. Wörter 224, 2d), - ισκάριον n. (hell.), - ισκεῖος (IVa), - ισκεῖον n. `brothel' (Ath.); to παιδίσκη, - ος against παῖς, κόρη, υἱός etc. Wackernagel Glotta 2, 6ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 838ff.), 130 a. 315, Immisch ibd. 218f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210 n. 3, Locker Glotta 22, 52f., Le Roy BCH 85, 226f. 3. παιδ-άριον n. (Att.) with - αρίσκος (Hld.), - αρίδιον (gloss.), - αριήματα παιδάρια H., - αρίων H. s. προυνικοί, - αριώδης `childish' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - αρικός `belonging to slaves' (pap. VIp), - αριεύομαι `to behave childishly' (Aristox.). 4. πάϊλλος m. `male child' (Tanagra; on - ιλλος Schwyzer 485; after v. Blumenthal 43 from *παιδ-λος). 5. Here παιδ-ία f. `childhood' (Hp.), - ιά f. `child's play, pleasantry, pastime' (Att.; cf. Koller Mus. Helv. 13, 123 f.); on - ία, - ιά, which cannot always be distinguished, Scheller Oxytonierung 78 ff.; - ιώδης `playful' (Ion Hist., Arist.). 6. παίγνιον, - ίη s. below on παίζω. B. Adj. 1. παιδ-νός `in infancy, infantile' (ep. Od.). 2. παίδ-ειος, - εῖος, -ήϊος `childlike' (Pi., trag., Pl.); τὰ -ήϊα name of a feast (Delph. V--IVa). 3. παιδ-ικός `concerning the child, childlike'; τὰ παιδικά `dear' (B., Att.; Chantraine Études 115 etc.). 4. παιδοῦς, - οῦσσα `having many children, pregnant' (Call., Hp.). C. Verbs. 1. παίζω, aor. παῖσαι, analog. also παῖξαι (Crates. Com., Ctes., hell.), also with ἐν- ( ἐμπαίκ-της, - γ-μός, - γ-μονή LXX, NT), κατα-, συν- a.o., `to behave like a child, to play, to jest' (Od.; on the meaning and use Meerwaldt Mnem. 56, 159 ff.) with παῖγ-μα n. `play, jest' (E. a.o.) and φιλο-παίγμων `fond of play' (ψ 134), - μοσύναι pl. `id.' (Stesich.); also παιγ-νίη f. `play' (Hdt.) with - νιήμων `playful' (Hdt., cf. Schwyzer 522), - νιον (Att.), - χ-νιον (Erinna, Theoc. in Pap. Antin., Call.) n. `play, jest'; prob. orig. for παιδ-ν- with - γν- from - δν-, but early connected with παίζω (s. Schwyzer 208, Lejeune Traité de phon. 68 n. 1, Scheller Oxyton. 80; on παίχνιον Scheidweiler Phil. 100, 43f.); ( συμ-)παίκ-της m. `player, teammate, playfellow' (AP). - τρια f. (Ant. Lib.), besides ( συμ-)παίσ-της m. (Pl. Min., pap.), - τικός `jocular' (Clearch.), - τρη f. `playground' (Herod.); συμπαίκ-τωρ, - παίσ-τωρ m. (X.,AP). 2. παιδ-εύω `to raise, to breed, to educate', also w. ἐκ-, συν- a.o. (IA.), with παιδ-εία f. `upbringing, education, breeding' (A., Democr., Att.; also `childhood, youth', s. Scheller 78 n. 1), - ευσις f. `(system of) upbringing, education' (Pi., trag., Pl.; Holt 129), - ευμα n. `subject, outcome of the upbringing, pupil' (Att.; on the meaning Kerényi Paideuma 1, 157 f., Röttger Substantivbild. 20 f.), - ευτής m. `instructor, teacher' (Pl.), - ευτικός `belonging to the upbringing' (Pl. etc.), - ευτήριον n. `school' (D. S., Str.). 3. *παιδ-όω in παίδ-ωσις f. `adoption' (Elis), s. Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1920, 248.Etymology: From the disyll. πάϊς (on Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,29) appears an orig. *παϜ-ι-δ-; on the (dissimilatory?) loss of the F Schwyzer 260 w. lit., on the formation 465 a. 578. The unenlarged stem is still seen in Att. παῦς (vase inscr.) and in the Cypr. gen. Φιλό-παϜ-ος; uncertain Cypr. διπας, = δί-παις ? A parallel enlargement shows παῦρος; s.v. w. further combinations. Outside Greek we can compare first the first element in Lat. pau-per, if from *pau̯(o)- par-o-s `acquiring little' (basis doubted; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); IE *pau̯o- is supposed also in Germ., e.g. Goth. faw-ai pl. `few'. -- Beside pau- (IE *ph₂u̯-?) stands perh. with lengthened grade πῶλος (s.v.) [hardly possible]; with zero grade Lat. puer (innovation after gener, socer; Risch Μνήμης χάριν 2, 109 ff.), thus, with old tlo-suffix, Ital., e.g. Osc. puklum `filium', Skt. putrá-, Av. puʮra-'son'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 75f. (partly dated), Pok. 842 f., W.-Hofmann s. puer, pullus and pauper, Mayrhofer s. putráḥ; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,462-463Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παῖς
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4 παιδός
παῖς, παιδόςGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `child, boy, son, slave, servant', more rarely `girl, daughter' (Il.).Other forms: (ep. Lesb. Boeot. also πάϊς).Compounds: Many compp., e.g. παιδ-αγωγός m. "child guide", `attendant of children, schoolteacher', ἄ-παις `childless' (IA.).Derivatives: A. Subst. Several hypocoristic diminutives, which partly replaced the base word. 1. παιδ-ίον n. (IA.) with - ιότης f. `childhood' (Aq.), - ιώδης `childish' (D.H.). 2. παιδ-ίσκος m., more usu. - ίσκη f. (Att.) with - ισκι-ωρός m. (Sparta) prop. "guard of girls" ?, (s Leumann Hom. Wörter 224, 2d), - ισκάριον n. (hell.), - ισκεῖος (IVa), - ισκεῖον n. `brothel' (Ath.); to παιδίσκη, - ος against παῖς, κόρη, υἱός etc. Wackernagel Glotta 2, 6ff. (= Kl. Schr. 2, 838ff.), 130 a. 315, Immisch ibd. 218f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 210 n. 3, Locker Glotta 22, 52f., Le Roy BCH 85, 226f. 3. παιδ-άριον n. (Att.) with - αρίσκος (Hld.), - αρίδιον (gloss.), - αριήματα παιδάρια H., - αρίων H. s. προυνικοί, - αριώδης `childish' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - αρικός `belonging to slaves' (pap. VIp), - αριεύομαι `to behave childishly' (Aristox.). 4. πάϊλλος m. `male child' (Tanagra; on - ιλλος Schwyzer 485; after v. Blumenthal 43 from *παιδ-λος). 5. Here παιδ-ία f. `childhood' (Hp.), - ιά f. `child's play, pleasantry, pastime' (Att.; cf. Koller Mus. Helv. 13, 123 f.); on - ία, - ιά, which cannot always be distinguished, Scheller Oxytonierung 78 ff.; - ιώδης `playful' (Ion Hist., Arist.). 6. παίγνιον, - ίη s. below on παίζω. B. Adj. 1. παιδ-νός `in infancy, infantile' (ep. Od.). 2. παίδ-ειος, - εῖος, -ήϊος `childlike' (Pi., trag., Pl.); τὰ -ήϊα name of a feast (Delph. V--IVa). 3. παιδ-ικός `concerning the child, childlike'; τὰ παιδικά `dear' (B., Att.; Chantraine Études 115 etc.). 4. παιδοῦς, - οῦσσα `having many children, pregnant' (Call., Hp.). C. Verbs. 1. παίζω, aor. παῖσαι, analog. also παῖξαι (Crates. Com., Ctes., hell.), also with ἐν- ( ἐμπαίκ-της, - γ-μός, - γ-μονή LXX, NT), κατα-, συν- a.o., `to behave like a child, to play, to jest' (Od.; on the meaning and use Meerwaldt Mnem. 56, 159 ff.) with παῖγ-μα n. `play, jest' (E. a.o.) and φιλο-παίγμων `fond of play' (ψ 134), - μοσύναι pl. `id.' (Stesich.); also παιγ-νίη f. `play' (Hdt.) with - νιήμων `playful' (Hdt., cf. Schwyzer 522), - νιον (Att.), - χ-νιον (Erinna, Theoc. in Pap. Antin., Call.) n. `play, jest'; prob. orig. for παιδ-ν- with - γν- from - δν-, but early connected with παίζω (s. Schwyzer 208, Lejeune Traité de phon. 68 n. 1, Scheller Oxyton. 80; on παίχνιον Scheidweiler Phil. 100, 43f.); ( συμ-)παίκ-της m. `player, teammate, playfellow' (AP). - τρια f. (Ant. Lib.), besides ( συμ-)παίσ-της m. (Pl. Min., pap.), - τικός `jocular' (Clearch.), - τρη f. `playground' (Herod.); συμπαίκ-τωρ, - παίσ-τωρ m. (X.,AP). 2. παιδ-εύω `to raise, to breed, to educate', also w. ἐκ-, συν- a.o. (IA.), with παιδ-εία f. `upbringing, education, breeding' (A., Democr., Att.; also `childhood, youth', s. Scheller 78 n. 1), - ευσις f. `(system of) upbringing, education' (Pi., trag., Pl.; Holt 129), - ευμα n. `subject, outcome of the upbringing, pupil' (Att.; on the meaning Kerényi Paideuma 1, 157 f., Röttger Substantivbild. 20 f.), - ευτής m. `instructor, teacher' (Pl.), - ευτικός `belonging to the upbringing' (Pl. etc.), - ευτήριον n. `school' (D. S., Str.). 3. *παιδ-όω in παίδ-ωσις f. `adoption' (Elis), s. Bechtel Gött. Nachr. 1920, 248.Etymology: From the disyll. πάϊς (on Hom. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,29) appears an orig. *παϜ-ι-δ-; on the (dissimilatory?) loss of the F Schwyzer 260 w. lit., on the formation 465 a. 578. The unenlarged stem is still seen in Att. παῦς (vase inscr.) and in the Cypr. gen. Φιλό-παϜ-ος; uncertain Cypr. διπας, = δί-παις ? A parallel enlargement shows παῦρος; s.v. w. further combinations. Outside Greek we can compare first the first element in Lat. pau-per, if from *pau̯(o)- par-o-s `acquiring little' (basis doubted; s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); IE *pau̯o- is supposed also in Germ., e.g. Goth. faw-ai pl. `few'. -- Beside pau- (IE *ph₂u̯-?) stands perh. with lengthened grade πῶλος (s.v.) [hardly possible]; with zero grade Lat. puer (innovation after gener, socer; Risch Μνήμης χάριν 2, 109 ff.), thus, with old tlo-suffix, Ital., e.g. Osc. puklum `filium', Skt. putrá-, Av. puʮra-'son'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 75f. (partly dated), Pok. 842 f., W.-Hofmann s. puer, pullus and pauper, Mayrhofer s. putráḥ; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,462-463Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > παιδός
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5 λᾶας
Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆uerā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,64-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾶας
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6 λέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `peel (off)' (Il.)Other forms: aor. λέψαι, fut. λέψω (Il.), perf. midd. ἀπο-λέλεμμαι (Epich.), aor. pass. ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη H.; also with ablaut λέλαμμαι (Att. inscr. around 330a), ἐκ-λαπῆναι (Ar. Fr. 164),Dialectal forms: Myc. repoto \/leptos\/.Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade (from the present): 1. λεπτός (cf. στρεπ-τός a.o. in Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,17) `peeled' = `unveiled' (Υ 497), `thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate' (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened λεπτ-αλέος `weak, fine' (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), λεπτ-ακινός'id.' (AP; from *λέπταξ ?, Bechtel Lex. s. φυζακινός); further λεπτίον `beaker' (pap.) from λεπτόν (sc. κεράμιον) `thin earthenware' (pap.), λεπτάγιον kind of vase? ( PHib. 1, 47, 13; IIIa; acc. to the edd. perh. = λεπτόγειον `barren land'), λεπτάριον name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); λεπτίτιδες κριθαί kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113); λεπτότης f. `thinness, leanness etc.' (IA.), λεπτοσύνη `id.' (AP); λεπτύνω, - ομαι `make thin etc. resp. become' (Hp., X., Arist.) with λεπτυσμός, λέπτυνσις (Hp.), - υντικός (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. λεπρός `scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw' (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. λεπράς (Theoc., Opp.); λέπρα, ion. - ρη `efflorescence, leprosy' (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an ρ-stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with λεπρώδης `with unevennesses, leprous' (Ael., Dsc., medic.), λεπρικός `regarding efflorescence' (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs λεπράω `become scaly, efflorescent' (Ion.), also λεπρ-ιάω (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω); λεπρόομαι `become efflorescent' (LXX, pap.) with λέπρωσις = λέπρα (Tz.), λεπρύνομαι `besome scaly, uneven' (Nic.). - 3. λέπος n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with λέπιον (Hp.), usu. λεπίς, - ίδος f. (Ion. hell.) `scale, shell, pod, metal plate' with dimin. λεπίδιον (Hero), also as plant-name `pepperwort' (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), λεπιδίσκη `id.' (Imbros IIa); further λεπιδ-ωτός `scaly' (Hdt., Arist.), with λεπιδόομαι `become scaly' (Hp.); other denomin.: λεπίζω (: λέπος or λεπίς) `remove the scale etc., peel off' (hell.) with λέπισμα `scale' (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον. H. (: λεπόω, - έω); note λέπασμα `pod, skin' (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from λέπος as from *λεπάζω. - 4. On λεπάς, λέπας s. v. - 5. λέπῡρον `scale, pod' (LXX, Batr.) with λεπυρώδης `like scales' (Thphr.); λεπύρ-ιον `id.' (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), - ιώδης `like scales, consisting of...' (Arist., Thphr.), λεπυρίζομαι `be enveloped by a scale' (sch.), λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι H.; besides λεπῠρός `in a scale' (Nic.); on the υ-stem beside λέπρ-α, λέπος cf. e. g. αἶσχος. On itself stands λεπύχανον `coat (of an onion), fruit-schale' (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with λάχανον, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With ο-grade. 6. λοπός m. `scale, rind' (τ 233, Hp.) with λόπιμος `easy to peel off', (Nic., Gal.), λόπιμα κάστανα... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf - ιμος 101; dimin. λοπάς f. `dish', also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with λοπάδ-ιον (com., pap.), - ίσκος (sch.); λοπίς `scale, dish etc.' (Ar., inscr.) with λοπίδιον (Delos); denomin. λοπάω `scale off, let the bark peel off' (Thphr.) with λοπητός m. `time to be peeled off' (Thphr.), λοπίζω `be peeled off' (Thphr., pap.). -7. On ἔλλοψ s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. λώπη `pod, coat' (Od., Theoc., A. R.), λῶπος m. `id.' (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in λωπο-δύ-της m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", `thief of clothes' with λωποδυτ-έω etc. (Att.); suffixless form λώψ χλαμύς H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. λώπιον (Arist., inscr.); denomin. ἀπο-, περι-λωπίζω `undress, put off' (S., Hyp.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The primary thematic present λέπω, from which all verbal forms were derived ( λέλαμμαι, - λαπῆναι innovations after ἔστραμμαι, στραφῆναι etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. lãpas `leaf', Alb. lapë `rag, leaf, peritoneum' (: λοπός), Lith. lõpas `rag, piece' (: λῶπος; also OE lōf m. `band of the forehead'??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. lápotь `shoe of bark' (lapotók `rag, piece'); quite doubtful OE leber, læfer f. `rush, cane, metal plate' (: λέπρα?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With λέπος one compared also Lat. s-stem lepōs `fine-ness, delicacy', and the Slav. extension in Russ. lépest `rag, piece, leaf of a flower'. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. lepidus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lãpas, lõpas, also lèpti `be coddled', Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lépest, lápotь, lópotõk; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms λεπάγιον, λεπακινός, λέπασμα, λέπυρον, λεπύχανον, λέπρα, λώψ, λῶπος etc. The verb may be compared with ὀλόπτω and ὀλούφω, which would also point to a non-IE word.Page in Frisk: 2,105-107Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέπω
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7 πλύνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: ( πλύνεσκον Χ 155), aor. πλῦναι (Od.), fut. πλῠν-έω (ep. Ion.), -ῶ (Att.), pass. perf. πέπλυμαι (IA.), aor. πλυθῆναι (hell.), fut. - θήσομαι (Com. Adesp.).Derivatives: Adj. 1. νεό-, ἔκ-πλυ-τος `newly washed, washed out' (ζ 64 and A., Pl.), πλυτός `washed' (Hp.); 2. ἐϋ-πλυν-ής `washed well' (Od.); 3. πλυν-τικός `belonging to washing' (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 135), πλυ-τικός `id.' (Alex. Aphr.). Subst. 4. πλυνοί m. pl. `washing pits, -troughs, -sites' (Hom., hell.; Chantraine Form. 192) with the dimin. πλύνιον n. (inscr. Sicily); with barytonesis 5. πλύνος m. `laundry' (pap., ostr.; Mayser Pap. I: 3, 3); unclear Ar. Pl. 1061; with πλυνεύς m. `washer' (Att. inscr., Poll.; cf. Bosshardt 81). Further nom. actionis: 6. πλύσις ( περί-, κατά-, ἀπό- πλύνω) f. `washing' (IA.), late ἀπόπλυν-σις (Sophon.); πλύσιμος `belonging to laundry' (pap. IIIa); 7. πλύμα ( ἀπό-, περί- πλύνω; πλύσμα Phot., also mss.) n. `washing-, swilling water, swill' (Hp., Pl. Com., Arist., pap.); 8. πλυσμός πλυτήρ H. Nom. agentis a. istr.: 9. πλύν-τρια f. `washer (fem.)' (Att. inscr., Poll.), - τρίς f. `id.' (Ar.), also `fuller's earth' (botanics in Thphr.; Capelle RhM 104, 58), masc. πλύν-της (Poll.), πλύ-της (EM, Choerob.); also πλυτήρ (H.; s. above) and *πλυν-τήρ in Πλυν-τήρ-ια n. pl. name of a purification-festival (Att. inscr., X.) with - ιών, - ιῶνος m. monthname (Thasos), if not rather analog. after other subst. in - τήρια, - τήριον (s. Chantraine Form. 63 f.); thus κατα-πλυντηρ-ίζω metaph. `to shower with abusive words' prop. `to immerse in swilling water, to drench with swilling water'?; 10. πλύν-τρον n. = πλύμα (Arist.). pl. `payment for washing' (pap. IIIa, Poll.).Etymology: As κρί̄νω from *κρί-ν-ι̯ω, πλύ̄νω from *πλύ-ν-ι̯ω is a nasalpresent with a further yot-suffix; the nasal came also in non-pres. forms; cf. Schwyzer 694. As a whole πλύνω is a Greek creation, but on IE basis (on Armen. bel.). Thus πλυτός agrees formally with Skt. pluta- `swimming, overrun' (first in compp., e.g. uda-plu-t-á- `swimming in the water' [AV]), also with Russ. plot `raft', Latv. pluts `id.' (Russ. LW [loanword]?). Thus πλύσις = Skt. pluti- f., as gramm. expression `vowellengthening', late also `flood'; at least in the lastmentioned case we must reckon with parallel innovation. Both these zero grade forms as perf. midd. pu-plu-v-e a.o. fit in the full-grade present plávate = πλέω; a zero-grade pres., also with nasalsuffix, is found in Arm. lua-na-m (aor. lua-c`i), which agrees also semantically ('wash, bathe') to πλύνω. -- Further s. πλέω and πλώω. (Prob. no to πύελος.)Page in Frisk: 2,564-565Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλύνω
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8 πρῶτος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `foremost, first' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. Boeot. πρᾶτος.Compounds: As 1. member very productive, e.g. πρωτό-γονος `first-born' (ep. poet. Il.).Derivatives: 1. Superlative πρώτ-ιστα (adv.) `first of all', - ιστος (ep. poet. Il.), Dor. (Thera) πράτιστος `the very first' (Seiler Steigerungsformen 105). 2. πρωτ-εῖον n. `first prize, first rank' (Att.); - ειος `of the first rank'. 3. - εύω `to be first' (Att.) with the backformation πρωτεύς adjunct to λαός (Tim. Pers. 248; cf. Wil. ad loc.). Several shortnames, e.g. Πρωτ-εύς m. Seagod (Od. etc.; Bosshardt 128f.), - τέας, - τίων, Πρατ-ίνας, - ύλος etc. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 387). -- On Πρω-τεσί-λαος, - λεως (Il. etc.) s. Risch $ 71 a.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [814] XX [unknown]Etymology: As with the cardinals (cf. οἶος, εἷς and Kretschmer Einl. 10ff.) deviate also with the ordinals, a. even stronger, the expressions for the singular from one another. In Greek πρῶτος, πρᾶτος as innovation joined the sequence τρίτος, τέταρτος etc.; the initial syllable is explained in diff. ways. Most obvious is to compare, πρῶ-, πρᾶ-(τος) with Lith. pìr-mas, Skt. pū́r-va-, Av. paur-va- as representing a zero grade pr̥̄-, i.e. *pr̥H-; the variation πρω-: πρᾱ- can, if not old (Lejeune BSL 29, 117ff.), be explained as partial adaptation to πρό, πρότερος though it is not clear how this would have come about. DELG says that *pr̥H- can give both πρᾱ- and πρω-, but the first requires *pr̥h₂-, the second *pr̥h₃-, so the two cannot come from the same form. A basis *πρό-ατος, for πρῶτος possible, is not possible for πρᾶτος. Schwyzer 361 and 250 w. lit.; s. also on πρῳ̃ ρα and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 563. Older lit. in Bq. Cf. Beekes Development 214f.Page in Frisk: 2,609-610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρῶτος
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9 ῥέπω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to decline, to descend', esp. of the balance (scales), `to sway down, to turn out, to gain the upper hand', w. prefix also trans. `to lower, to let tilt' (Il.).Derivatives: 1. ῥοπή f. `lowering, tilting (of the scales), swing' (Alc., IA.), to which a.o. ἀντί-ρροπος `equipoising, counterweighing', also connected with ῥέπω (Att.), with ἀντιρροπ-ίη (v. l. -ή) f. `counterweight' (Hp.). 2. περί-ρρεψις f. `tilting' (Hp.). 3. ῥόπαλον n. `bludgeon, mace' (Il.) [but Chantraine, Form. 246 calls connection with ῥέπω doubtful; I think that the word is rather Pre-Greek]with ῥοπάλ-ιον n. (hell. inscr. a. pap.), - ωτός `equipped with a club-like rounding' (D. C.), - ώδης `(pulsing) like a club', of the pulse, - ωσις f. des. of a hairdisease (medic.), - ικός `club-like', as des. of a verse (gramm.), - ίζει στρέφει, κινεῖ ὡς ῥόπαλον H. with - ισμοί pl. (Ar. Lys.); on the meaning of ῥόπαλον cf. below. 4. ῥόπτρον n. `the wood in a trap, knocker, ring at the door, tamboutine' (Archil., Att.); with dissim. ῥόπτον meaning unclear (Epid. IVa), - τίον κλειδίον H. 5. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα-ρρεπής `tilting etc.' (IA.), ἑτερο-ρρεπής prop. "tilting to (one or) the other side", `indecisive, unbiased' (A. in lyr., Hp.). 6. ῥεπτικός `tilting' ( Stoik.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside the full grade root-present ῥέπω one assumes as zero grade ῥάπτω, ῥαπίζω (IE *u̯rep-: u̯r̥p-?), also with lengthened grade ῥώψ, but see s.v. As the main semantic denominator one posits `turn (together), wind, bend', but it is impossible to indicate in every case the connections. For ῥέπω one would like to assume a meaning `bow (away) from the straight position, divert', first of the scales. A basic meaning `turn', from where `throw' (cf. Lat. torqueō `turn, throw') one wanted to find in ῥόπαλον, ῥόπτρον (cf. WP. 1, 276 with Curtius a.o.); for the in that case to be assumed meaning `throwing stick' (cf. καλαῦροψ) there is however not the slightest indication. A direct connection with ῥαπίζω, ῥαπίς (prop. `rod, staff'; Persson Beitr. 1, 499) lies formally farther than direct connection with ῥέπω, ῥοπή. So ῥόπαλον prop. "the (for the blow) lowered, falling down (club)" like ῥόπτρον of the wood falling down ? Cf. ξύλον καθῆκε (E. HF 993) of the on the head of a boy downcoming club of Heracles. -- Cf. ῥέμβομαι w. references.Page in Frisk: 2,649-650Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέπω
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10 ἐνεγκεῖν
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `bring', resultative (Att., Pi., B., Hp.),Other forms: ἐνέγκαι Aor.Compounds: often with prefix: ἀπ-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, κατ-, προσ- etc.; aor. pass. ἐνεχθῆναι with fut. ἐνεχθήσομαι, perf. act. ἐνήνοχα, med. ἐνήνεγμαι; as present there is φέρω, as fut. οἴσω. As 2. member with comp. lengthening in δι-, δουρ-, ποδηνεκής etc. (s. vv. and δόρυ).Derivatives: verbal noun ὄγκος s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [316] *h₁neḱ- `bring', [??] *h₂neḱ- `attain, reach'Etymology: ἐνέγκαι is an innovation after ἐνεῖκαι (s. v.). Beside ἐγκ- (*h₁nḱ-) there is ἐνεκ- (*h₁neḱ-); with ο-ablaut, Attic reduplication and aspiration ἐν-ήνοχ-α \< *h₁ne-h₁noḱ- (only ο-grade in κατ-ήνοκα H.). Cross of ἐγκ- and ἐνεκ- gave ἐν-ήνεγκται; further influence of ἐνεῖκαι resulted in ἐν-ήνειγκ-ται, ἤνειγκαν a. o. (Att. inscr.). - No exact parallels. IE enḱ-, onḱ- in reduplicated Skt. perf. ān-ámś-a `I have attained' (*h₁e-h₁neḱ-). More widespread is h₁neḱ-, h₁noḱ-: e. g. Lith. neš-ù, OCS nes-ǫ `I bring', and in several verbs for `attain'; e. g. Skt. náśati `attains' (cf K. Hoffmann, Münch. Stud. 2 [new impression] 121ff.), in Germ., e. g. Goth. ga-nah `ἀρκεῖ, it reaches = suffices'. With zero grade (IE *h₁n̥ḱ-) Skt. aś-nó-ti `reaches'. Prob. also Arm. has-anem, aor. has-i `reach'. Further one compares: Hitt. ninink- `raise' (to Lith. -ninkù, -nìkti, Benveniste BSL 50, 40), with nakkiš `heavy', Toch. B eṅk-, A ents- `take'; not here Hitt. ḫink- `hand over, reach'. - W.-Hofmann s. nanciō; Fraenkel Lexis 2, 186. Greek details Schwyzer 647, 744f., 766. - An extra problem is provided by Celtic, e. g. OIr. t-ānac `I came', which must be from another root with h₂-, *h₂e-h₂noḱ-. First distinguished by Kuiper, Nasalpräs. 50). Here perh. also διᾱνεκής. Here also Lat. na-n-c-īscor (nasal present), nactus sum `attain'. - Most difficult is the aorist ἐνεγκεῖν. The development of a form *h₁ne-h₁n̥ḱ-o- is unknown (*ἐνεακο-?? the form would loose its nasal); Beekes, MSS 38, 1979, 18ff. Cowgill operated with a root *Hnenḱ-, Evid. for Laryngeals, 154, n. 22.Page in Frisk: 1,512-513Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐνεγκεῖν
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11 ἐρείκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `breach, bruise, pound' (Il.).Other forms: ( ἐρεικόμενος intr. Ν 441), aor. ἤρῐκε (Ρ 595, intr.), ἐρεῖξαι (Ion.-Att.), perf. pass. ἐρήριγμαι, - μένος (Hp., Arist.),Derivatives: ἐρεικίδες pl. (Gal.), ἐρεικάς (H.) `pounded barley, groats', ἐρείκιον `crumbly pastry' (Gal.; formation like ἐρείπια), ἐρεικίτας ( ἄρτος, Ath.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 89), all often itacistic. written ἐρικ-; thus ἐρίγματα pl. (Hp.), ἐρίγμη (Sch.) `bruised beans' for ἐρειγ-; in the same meaning with unexplained ε: ἐρέγματα (Thphr., Erot.), ἐρεγμός (pap., Gal., Erot.) with ἐρέγμινος (Dsc., Orib.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]; cf. [858]Etymology: To the full grade root present ἐρείκω and the clearly old weak grade aorist ἤρικε there are no formal and semantic agreements. Close comes Skt. rikháti, likháti `scratch' (with aspirated velar), Lith. riekiù, riẽkti `cut loaf, plough for the first time', Skt. riśáti, liśáti `pluck, tear away'; the different forms can be in relation with the expressive meaning. As related nominal formations one might consider OHG rīga, MHG rīha `row, line', Lat. rixa `hatred, conflict', prob. also rīma `scratch, split'. - Further W.-Hofmann s. rīma, rixa, ricinus. Cf. ἐρείπω.Page in Frisk: 1,551-552Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρείκω
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12 πλώω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to swim', aor. etc. (ep. Ion. Il.) also `to sail, to go by sea' (beside pres. πλέω; on πλώω: πλέω Bechtel Dial. 3, 196ff., 208).Other forms: Aor. πλῶ-ναι ( ἐπ-έπλων etc., Hom., Hes.), πλῶσαι (Γ 47: ptc. ἐπι-πλώσας; Hdt., Arr.), fut. πλώσ-ομαι (Hdt.), -ω (Lyc.), perf. πέπλωκα (Hdt., Lyc.; also E. Hel. 532 and Ar. Th. 878 [parody]),Derivatives: Prob. all derivv. are from Ion. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 3 f.). Adj. 1. πλω-τός ( πρόσ-, ἔκ-πλώω) `swimming, navigable' (κ 3 [on the explanation Giusti Il. mondo class. 7, 63ff.], Hp., Hdt., Arist.) with - τίς f. approx. `raft' (Demetr. Astrol.), - τεύομαι `to be navigated, cruised' (Plb.); 2. πλω-τικός `seafaring' (hell.); 3. - σιμος `navigable, seaworthy' (S., Diogenian.), rather from πλῶσαι than from *πλῶσις; thus πλώ-ϊμος beside and for πλόϊμος (s. on πλέω w. lit.). Subst. 4. κατάπλω-σις f. `home-coming by sea' (Herod.); 5. πλωτήρ m. `sailor' (rare in E., Ar., Pl., often in Arist. etc.), `swimmer' (Opp., Nonn.); 6. πλω-άδες, -ϊάδες (Thphr.), - ίδες (A. R.) f. pl. `swimming, flowing'; also 7. πλώς, pl. πλῶτες name of a fish, = κεστρεύς, if prop. "swimmer" (cf. Thompson Fishes s. πλῶτα); but δακρυπλώειν (τ 122) not denomin. from *δακρυ-πλώς, but after δάκρυ χέων, χέουσα built as univerbation; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 36 w. n. 1 a. lit. 8. Verb: πλω-ΐζω (- ῴζω) `to go by sea' (Hes., Th.) with -ϊσις f. `seafaring' (Just.).Etymology: The above forms are not unambiguous. The aorist ἔπλων ( ἐπ-έπλων, ἀπ-έπλω a. o.) agrees with ἔγνων and so looks most like an athem. root-aorist (ptc. ἐπιπλώς Z 291 false for - πλούς?); to this as innovations ἔπλωσα-(ἔγνων: Skt. ájñāsam) and πλώω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 365)? Or the other way round (with Schwyzer 743 n.5 [asking]): ἔπλων secondary to older ἔπλωσα and this orig. to πλώω? In the first alternative we have no reason to keep ἔπλων etc. together with πλέω; in the second πλώω from *πλώϜ-ω is taken as lengthened deverbative (e.g. Schwyzer 722 and 349); to this analog. the other forms (cf. Schwyzer 346). The same lengthened grade is found in the Slav. iterative, e.g. OCS plavati, Russ. plávatь `swim (to and fro)'. A correspondent of πλω- however gives Germ. in OWNo. flōa, OE flōwan (w secondary) with Goth. flodus m. ' ποταμός (would be Gr. *πλω-τύς) a. o.; this too can go back on a reduplicated (?) IE * plō[u̯]-. If one decides for original πλω- from IE * plō- (* pleh₃-), this could be in ablaut with πλη- in πίμ-πλη-μι (Brugmann-Thumb 325 a. 327) [I see no reaon for this argumentation; I see no basis for a form * ploh₁-] which fits semantically worse than πλέω with πλώω. Frisk prefers explanation from *πλώϜ-ω. So either from a root * pleh₃-, or from a langthened grade deverbative *plōu̯-. -- Cf. πλέω, also πλύνω.Page in Frisk: 2,565-566Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλώω
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13 στερομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be robbed, lack, loose (Hes., IA.), aor. be robbed, loose: ipv. σταρέστω (Delph. IVa)? (cf. below), further high grade with η-enlargement: ptc. στερείς (E.), στερ-ηθῆναι (Pi, IA.), fut. - ήσομαι, - ηθήσομαι(Att.; στεροῦμαι And.), perf. ἐστέρημαι (IA.); act. rob, snatch from': aor. στερ-ῆσαι ( στερέσαι ν 262, pap. a.o.), fut. - ήσω ( στερῶ A. Pr. 862, - έσω (pap.), perf. ἐστέρηκα (Att.); pass. στερέω, simplex only ipv. στερείτω (Pl.), otherwise with ἁπο- (as also very often in non-present empora esp. in prose) to this midd. στερέομαι (certain only hell. a late); also στερίσκω, - ομαι Hdt., Att.; ἁπο- στερομαι S.), aor. στερίσαι (metr. inscr. Eretria IV-IIIa, AP: ἁποστερίζω Hp.?).Derivatives: Few deriv. ( ἁπο-)στέρησις f. `robbery, confiscation' (Hp., Att. etc.), also - εσις (pap.; after αἵρ-, εὕρ-εσις a.o), with στερ-ήσιμος, - έσιμος `which can be confiscated' (pap. inscr. II-IIIp; Arbenz 89), - ημα n. `id.' (Ps.-Callisth.), ( ἁπο-) - ητικός `robbing, removing, negative, privative (Ar, Arist., hell. a. late), - ητής m. who snatches sth. from smb., withholds, deceiver' (Pl., Arist., a.o.), f. - ητρίς (Ar. Nu. 730; parody).Etymology: The above forms prob. all go back on the themat. present στέρομαι. Also the isolated ipv. σταρέστω, which Bechtel Dial. 2, 231 (agreeing Schwyzer 747 and Thumb-Kieckers Dial. 1, 275) wants to see as a zero grade root-aorist can be explained (with Schwyzer 274) as purely phonetical from στερέσθω (with ε \> α before ρ), unless one prefers to see in it an analogical formation after NGr. hαρέσται. To the present στέρομαι came first the initially intransitive στερ-ῆναι, - ήσομαι (if old, one would expect σταρ-) - ηθῆναι, - ηθήσομαι; to these came the active στερῆσαι ( στερέσαι after ὀλέ-σαι a.o.), - ήσω etc., to which came at last στερ-έω, - ίσκω (cf. e.g. εὑρ-ήσω: - ίσκω; Schwyzer 709 a. 721; on the forms still Brunel Aspect verbal 115 f.). -- Certain cognates are missing. A possible connection is MIr. serb `theft', which can stand for *ster-u̯ā; further one connects since Osthoff PBBeitr. 13, 460 f. the Germ. verb for `steal', Goth. stilan, OHG. stelan etc., which may have l for r from hehlen. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 636, Pok. 1028; s. also W.-Hofmann s. 2. stēlliō (w. lit.).Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στερομαι
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14 πρόμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `protagonist' (Hom.), `commander' (trag.).Etymology: Usually (since Corssen KZ 3, 246, Curtius a.o.) with Umbr. promom `primum', Goth. OWNo. fram `forward' identified as old superlative of IE * pro in πρό etc. Beside it with zero grade the hapax πράμος (s.v.) like Goth. fruma `first, earlier'(?). -- Because in Hom. the word means only `champion (Vorkämpfer)' the hypothesis must be considered, that πρόμος was simply shortened from πρόμαχος (Hentze in Fick Curt. Stud. 9, 196, Schulze KZ 32, 195 = Kl. Schr. 310, Bechtel Lex. s.v., Risch $ 85) ; the meaning `leader' would be due to misunderstanding of the ep. word. -- The metr. difficult ἅπ. λεγ. πρόμνοι A. Supp. 904 ( ἀγοὶ πρόμος; lyr.) may be a fault of the tradition; diff. Forssman KZ 79, 11 ff. (s. πρυμνός).Page in Frisk: 2,600Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόμος
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15 τριχάϊκες
A the threefold people, Δωριέες, so called from their three tribes ([etym.] 'Υλλῆς, Δυμᾶνες, Πάμφυλοι), Od.19.177;πάντες δὲ τριχάϊκες καλέονται τρισσὴν οὕνεκα γαῖαν ἑκὰς πάτρης ἐδάσαντο Hes. Fr. 191
. (Apollon. ap. Sch.Od. l. c. compares κορυθάϊξ-ῑκος and explains it as 'shaking the hair of their crests'; others rendered it τρίλοφοι, and others ὀρχησταί: more prob. Hesiod is right as to the sense; the first part is τρίχα (Adv.), the second not ἑκάς (as Hes. seems to suggest) but ϝῐκ- = Skt. viś- 'village', cogn. with ϝοῖκος; or ϝεικ-, another grade of the same root.)Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > τριχάϊκες
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16 ἱέραξ
ἱέραξ [ῐ], ᾱκος, ὁ, [dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. [full] ἴρηξ [ῑ], ηκος (the longer form first in Alcm. 28, E.Andr. 1141, Ps.-Orac. ap. Ar.Eq. 1052):—A hawk, falcon,ἴρηξ ὠκύπτερος Il.13.62
, cf. 819, Od.13.86, Hes.Op. 212, Hdt.2.65, Arist.HA 620a17; sacred to Apollo, Ar.Av. 516.III name for a grade of initiates in Mithras-worship, Porph.Abst.4.16. -
17 ἄντηστις
Grammatical information: ?Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From ἄντην ἵστασθαι, with ἄντη- as first member. The second member is the zero grade - στ- with suffix - ι-, cf. ἔξαστις \< *ἔξ-αν-στ-ις. Bechtel Lex. s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,113Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄντηστις
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18 βαίνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `go' (Il.).Other forms: Only present stem. Other presents: 1. βάσκω, mostly as ipv. βάσκε, - τε (Il.; s. below); 2. βιβάσκω (Il.), mostly causative ; 3. βίβημι (βίβᾱμι), - άω (to ἔβην, s. below) in βιβάς, βιβῶν, βιβᾳ̃ `stride' (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 300); 4. βιβάζω (posthom.) causative; 5. βιβάσθων in μακρὰ β. (Il.), metrical lengthening of βιβάς at verse end (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 327, Shipp Studies 39).Derivatives: 1. βάσις `step, base' (Pi., in comp. Il.) = Skt. gáti- (below). 2. βατήρ, - ῆρος m. `threshold, basis' (Amips., inscr. etc.). 3. - βάτης, - ου m. from comp.: ἀνα-, ἀπο-, ἐμ-βάτης etc. (Il.), also with nominal first element, e. g. στυλο-βά-της; 4. - βατος from comp.: ἀνα- ( ἀμ-)βατός etc. (Il.); βατός as simplex (rarely) `accessible' (X.); s. Chantr. Form. 302ff. From - βάτης and - βατος abstracta in - σία, ὑπερβασία `transgression' (Il.); denomin. in - εύω and - έω, ἐμβατεύω etc. 5. - βάς, - άδος f. in ἐμβαδές. From here (?) adv. βάδην `step by step'. 6. βάθρον `basis, seat' etc. (Ion.-Att.), βάθρᾱ. 7. βαθμός and βασμός m. `step, basis' etc. (hell.; βαθμίς f. Pi.). Not here βαμβαίνων, q. v. From the root βη-: βῆμα, βᾶμα n. `step' etc. (h. Merc. etc.; = Av. gāman- n. `step') ; further βηλός (βᾱλός) m. `threshold' (Il.), βηλά n. pl. = πέδιλα (Panyas.); s. Chantr. Form. 240. Also - βήτης, - ου m. in ἐμπυριβή-της ( τρίπους) `standing over the fire' (Ψ 702); on διαβή-της s.s.v. `circle etc.' (Ar.) s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33f.; cf. also ἀμφισβητέω.Etymology: A jot present \< *βάν-ι̯ω \< *βάμ-ι̯ω \< gʷm̥-i̯ō, βά-σκω \< *gʷm̥- from the root * gʷem-. The non-present forms were made from the root βη- (βᾱ-) \< * gʷeh₂-: ἔβην, βήσομαι (factitive ἔβησα, βήσω after ἔστησα, στήσω), βέβηκα (Il.). The present βαίνω is identical with Lat. venio (on `go' and `come' s. Porzig Satzinhalte 330f.); the sḱ-present βάσκε in Skt.. gácchati \< *gʷm̥-ske-ti `he goes'. The full grade in Goth. qiman `come', Skt. á-gam-am `I went' (aor.). Here also ἐβάθη ἐγεννήθη H.? for which one compares Lith. gìmstu `be born', if - stu \< *-sḱō (Leumann IF 58, 120)? - With βάσις cf. Skt. gáti-, Lat. con-ventio, and Germ., e.g. Goth. ga-qumÞs. Also - βατος = Skt. (-) gata-, Lat. - ventus. With βίβημι cf. Skt. jígāti `he goes. The aor. ἔβην agrees exactly with Skt. á-gā-m `he went'; das noun βῆμα agrees with Av. gā-man- n. `step, pace'. - With the roots guem- and guā- cf. * drem- (s. ἔδραμον), drā- (s. ἀποδιδράσκω), with related meaning. Cf. βέβαιος, βέβηλος, βωμός, βαστάζω, βητάρμων.Page in Frisk: 1,209-210Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαίνω
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19 δάμνημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `tame, subdue, conquer', esp. of horses.Other forms: 3. sg. also δαμνᾳ̃ (for Aeol. δάμνᾱ, Schwyzer 694), aor. δαμάσ(σ)αι, intr. δαμῆναι, perf. δέδμημαι (Il.); to δαμάσ(σ)αι new present δαμάζω (A.), fut. δαμάσσω, 3. sg. δαμᾳ̃ (Il.), aor. Pass. δαμα-σ-θῆναι (Il.), also (after δέδμημαι) δμηθῆναι (Il.)Compounds: ὑπο-. as first member in δάμν-ιππος (Orph.)Derivatives: δμητήρ ( ἵππων) `tamer' (h. Hom., Alkm.), f. δμήτειρα (Il.), δμῆσις ( ἵππων) `taming' (Il.); ἀ-δμής, - τος f. m. `untamed, unmarried' (Od.), also ἄ-δμη-τος `id.' (Il.) and ἀ-δάμα-σ-τος (Il.), ἀ-δάμα-τος (trag.), δμᾱτέα (Dor.). δαμαστέα H.; on ἀδάμας s. s. v. - Isolated δαμα- and δαμν-: Δαμαῖος `tamer' of Poseidon (Pi.), δαμάτειρα (AP), παν-δαμάτωρ `alltamer' (Il.), late f. πανδαμάτειρα; δάμασις and δαμαστικός (sch.), δαμάστης ([Epich.] 301 [?], gloss.); δαμνῆτις δαμάζουσα, τιμωρός; δάμνος ἵππος. Τυρρηνοί H. - δαμασώνιον and δαμναμένη plant names (Dsc., Ps.-Dsc.; for love, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 92). - On δαμάλης s. s. v. Not here δμώς, s. v.Etymology: The present δάμνημι, Aeol. δάμνᾱμι agrees with OIr. damnaim `bind, tame (horses)' from *dm̥-n-eh₂-mi, from a disyllabic root * demh₂- seen in δαμά-σαι, where *δεμα- was reshaped to δαμα-, partly after - δαμο- \< * dmh₂-o ; zero grade *dm̥h₂- in δμη-θῆναι (Dor. δμᾱ-). Many representatives (note Hitt. damaš-zi `he forces, urges'). Note παν-δαμάτωρ = Lat. domitor, Skt. damitár-; they may be independent parallel formations. As second member in compounds ἱππό-]δαμος (Il.) = Skt. ariṃ-] dama- `conquering the enemy' (from * domh₂-o-?); ( ἄ-)δμητος: Skt. dāntá- from *dm̥h₂-to- (independent Lat. domitus). - The old presents Lat. domāre = Skt. damāyáti and OHG zamōn, Goth. ga-tamjan, NHG zähmen = Skt. damáyati are not found in Greek. - Not to the old word for `house' (s. δόμος and δεσπότης).Page in Frisk: 1,346Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάμνημι
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20 δύη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `misery, anguish' (Od.).Other forms: Dor. δύαCompounds: As first member in δυη-παθής (A. R.)Derivatives: δύϊος `unhappy, painfull' (A. Supp. 829 [lyr.]), δυερός `id.' (metr. inscr., Attica); causative present 3. Sg. δυόωσι `bring in misery' (υ 195), perf. ptc. δεδυημένη κεκακωμένη H. with derivations.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: If originally `burning pain', δύη could belong to a root `burn', as in Skt. dunóti `burn (trans.), pain', OHG zuscen `burn'. (In Greek only in δαίω\<*dh₂u̯-, δήϊος, s. vv.; from zero grade * dh₂u-? but this cannot be considered certain, of course. - Pok. 179ff.Page in Frisk: 1,423Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δύη
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