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1 ἀδάρκη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `salt efflorescence on the herbage of marshes' (Dsc., Gal.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.Etymology: Like Lat. adarca (Plin.) from Celtic, cf. Ir. adarc `horn'; there from Basque adar `horn', with Celt. k-suffix. Pokorny Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 14, 273; 16, 112.Page in Frisk: 1,19Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀδάρκη
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2 ποθέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to desire, to long for, to miss' (Il.).Other forms: Inf. - ήμεναι (Od.), ind. - ήω (Sapph.), aor. ποθ-έσαι (Il.), - ῆσαι (IA.), fut. - έσομαι (Att.), - ήσω (IA.), perf. πεπόθ-ηκα, - ημαι (late).Compounds: Rarely w. prefix, esp. ἐπι-.Derivatives: ( ἐπι-) πόθ-ησις, - ημα (Aq., Ep. Cor. a.o.), ἐπιποθ-ία (Ep. Rom.) `longing'; also ποθ-ητύς f. `id.' (Opp.; Benveniste Noms d'agent 73), - ήτωρ m. `desirous person' (Man.). -- Besides πόθος m. `desire, longing, love' (Il.), also as plantname (Thphr.; cf. Strömberg Pfl.namen 107 w. lit.), ποθή f. `id.' (Hom., late prose), with ποθεινός `longed for' (Lyr., trag., also Att. prose), after ἀλγεινός a.o.; - ινός `id.' (AP); on πόθος: ποθή Bolelli Stud. itfllcl. N. S. 24, 111ff.Etymology: Beside the present ποθέω stands a primary verb, which is best represented through the aorist θέσσασθαι (s. v.); it is therefore obvious to take ποθέω as an orig. iterative-intensive and to equate it wih a corresponding Celt. formation, OIr. guidiu `pray' (Schwyzer 719, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348 f.). From primary verb were also the nom. actionis πόθος, ποθή derived, IE *gʷhódh-os\/, -ā́, to which ποθέω because of its strong phonetic differentition from the main verb was considered as denom. -- The mentioned verbal nouns have no correspondence outside Greek; note however a Celt. i̯ā-derivation, OIr. guide f. `prayer' (from *gʷhodh-i̯ā; cf. ἐπιποθ-ία). To the s. θέσσασθαι mentioned Celt. and Iran. words belong several, for Greek unimportant, cognates in Balto-Slav., e.g. the nasal verbs Lith. pa-si-gendù, -gedaũ, -gèsti `miss, long for', OCS žęždǫ, žędati `desire, long for, thirst', s. Fraenkel s. gèsti 2 and Vasmer s. žadátь w. lit.; on the whole still WP. 1, 673, Pok. 488.Page in Frisk: 2,570Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ποθέω
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3 πτάρνυμαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to sneeze' (Hp., X.).Other forms: rare a. late πτάρνεται, πταίρω, πτείρω, πτέρομαι; aor. 2. πταρεῖν (since ρ 541), ptc. also πταρείς (Hp., Arist.), πτάραντες (Arist.; uncertain).Derivatives: πταρ-μός m. `the sneezing' (IA.) with - μικός `causing to sneeze', - μική f. `sneezewort' (Dsc., Gal.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 85); πτόρος `id.' (Hdn. Gr. 1, 191).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: Onomatop. word, prob. genetically cognate both with Arm. p'ṙngam, p'ṙnč̣em `sneeze' as with an Italo-Celt. word, Lat. sternuō `sneeze', Celt., e.g. OIr. sreod `sneezing'; the assumption of a common basis (* pster-) is hypothetic. Lit. w. further Celt. forms in WP. 2, 101, W.-Hofmann s.v.; cf. also Porzig Gliederung 212. On the Arm. form s. Clackson1994, 99. -- Beside it the aspirated ἀποφθαράξασθαι τὸ τοῖς μυκτῆρσιν εἰς τὸ ἔξω ἦχον προέσθαι, ἀποφλάσαι, ῥογχάσαι. Κρῆτες καὶ Σάμιοι H. with meaning as Lat. stertō `sore'.Page in Frisk: 2,610Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πτάρνυμαι
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4 ῥίζα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `root', also metaph. `origin, stem, base' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. wiriza \/wriza\/.Compounds: Several compp., a.g. ῥιζο-τόμος m. `root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist', πολύ-ρριζος `having many roots, rich in roots' (Hp., Thphr.).Derivatives: 1. ῥιζίον n. `little root' (Ar., Thphr.), pl. - έα (Nic., - εῖα Al. 265), prob. after ὀστέα beside (Dor.) ὀστία. 2. ῥιζίας m. ( ὀπός) `root juice' (: καυλίας; Thphr.). 3. adj. ῥίζ-ώδης `rootlike' (Thphr., Hero), - ικός `belonging to roots' (Plu.), - ινος `made of roots' ( PHolm.), - αῖος `serving as a base' (Sardes). 4. adv. ῥίζ-ηθεν (A. R.), - όθεν (Nic., Luc.) `out of the root'; - ηδόν `in a rootlike way' (Hld.). 5. verb ῥιζόομαι ( ἐρρίζωται), - όω (- ῶσαι), also w. ἐν-, ἐκ-, κατα- a.o. `to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate' (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with ῥίζ-ωμα n. `original ground, origin, rootworks' (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), - ωσις f. `striking root' (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On ῥίζα and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From Aeol. βρίζα appears PGr. *Ϝρίδ-ι̯α, which differs in vocalism from Lat. rādīx = rād-ī-c-s (with enlarging -c- as e.g. in genetrī-x); in both cases we have a ι̯α-, resp. ī-deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse rōt f. `root' from PGm. *u̯rōt-, IE *u̯rād-, which may be seen also in Lat. rād-īx (cf. below); beside it, with i-stem and zero grade Goth. waurts, OE wyrt, OHG MHG wurz `herb, root', PGm. *u̯urt-i-, IE *u̯r̥d(-i)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh gwraidd coll. `roots' with ī-suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and ῥίζα cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel i representing a reduced grade. (Lat. rādīx, but not ONorse rōt, can represent IE *u̯rHd-, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B witsako `root' remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. rādīx. Cf. ῥάδαμνος, ῥάδιξ. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) ῥόζος `root', a cross of ῥίζα and ὄζος `branch' (Hatzidakis Άθ. 29, 180ff.).Page in Frisk: 2,655-656Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥίζα
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5 ἐγχεσί-μωρος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: usually understood as `famous for his spear' (Il.).Derivatives: Cf. ἰό-μωρος, adj. of the Αργεῖοι (Δ 242, Ξ 479). Imitation in ὑλακό-μωρος, of κύνες (ξ 29, π 4; cf Porzig Satzinhalte 239); s. also σινάμωρος.Etymology: The 2. member is since Osthoff PBBeitr. 13, 431ff. combined with Celtic, Germanic and Slavic PN, e. g. Welsh Nerto-mārus, OHG Volk-mār, Slav. Vladi-měrъ, IE *- mōros, *- mēros. Further are compared a denominative Germ. verb `proclaim', Goth. merjan etc. with the adj. Goth. waila-mereis `εὔφημος', OHG māri `famous' etc., and a Celt. adjective `great', e. g. OIr. mār. The ō-vocalism in Greek and Celt. agrees with the type ἄ-φρων: φρήν (Schwyzer 355). The form of the 1 member may be metrically determined (cf. ἐγχέσπαλος). Ruijgh, Elément achéen 93, asks whether it could contain μωρός `foolish'. - Cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 37 and 272 n. 18.Page in Frisk: 1,440Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐγχεσί-μωρος
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6 λᾶας
Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆uerā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,64-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾶας
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7 ναῦς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `ship' (Il.; details on the inflection in Schwyzer 578, with Sommer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 142ff.).Other forms: (ep. Ion. νηῦς), νεώς ( νηός, νεός, Dor. ναός), νηΐ ( ναΐ), ναῦν ( νῆα, νέα), pl. νῆες ( νέες, νᾱ̃ες), νεῶν ( νηῶν, ναῶν), ναυσί ( νηυσί, νήεσσι), ναῦς ( νῆας, νέας).Compounds: Several compp., e.g. ναύ-αρχος `ship-commander' (IA.), νε-ώριον, νε-ωλκέω (s. v.); with dat. pl., e.g. ναυσί-κλυτος, - κλειτος `famous for his ship' (ep. poet. Od.; Leumann Hom. Wörter 37), ναυσί-πορος (X., Arist.) = ναύ-πορος (A., A. R.) `sailed by ships'; as 2. member a.o. in χιλιό-ναυς `consisting of thousand ships' (E., Str.); amalgamation with ία-suffix e.g. ( πεντεκαι-) δεκα-να-ΐα f. `fleet of fifteen\/ten ships' (Plb. resp. D.; Schulze Kl. Schr. 364). On ναυ-αγός, ναύ-κληρος s. v.Derivatives: A. νήϊος, Dor. νάϊος (Il.), νηΐτης (νῃ̃της?; s. Redard 12 a. 43 w. n. a. lit.; Th., A. R.) `consisting of ships, belonging to the ship'. -- B. ναύτης, Dor. - τας ( ναύστης pap. w. anal. - σ-; cf. Schwyzer 500) m. `sailer, ship-passenger', (Il.) with several derivv: 1. f. ναῦτις, - ιδος adjunct of γυναῖκες (Theopomp. Com.), ναύτρια (Ar.Fr.825; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 75; 2, 118); 2. ναυτ-εία f. `shipping' (hell. inscr. a. pap.), after στρατεία (: στρατεύω) a.o.; 3. ναυτ-ία (Arist., Aret.), Ion. ναυσίη (Semon.), `seasickness, disgust' (Scheller Oxytonierung 41) with ναυτι-ώδης `prone to seasickness, sickening' (medic., Plu.), ναυτ-ιάω `be seasick, be disgusted' (Att.; ναυτία partly backformation), - ιασμός = ναυτία (Hippiatr.); 4. ναυτ-ικός `consisting of seamen, nautical' also (referring to ναῦς) `nautical' (IA.; Chantraine Études 116ff.); 5. ναυτ-ίλος subst. m. a. adj. `shipper, seaman, nautical' (Hdt., trag.), also name of a mollusc, `paper nautilus, Argonauta argo' (Arist.; Thompson Fishes s.v.; on the formation Schwyzer 484 f., Chantraine Form. 248 f.); ναυτιλ-ία, - ίη `navigation, sea-journey' (θ 253; also connected with ναυτίλλομαι, Scheller Oxytonierung 35; cf. also Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 9), ναυτίλλομαι `be sailor, sail' (Od.); 6. Ναυτεύς m. PN (θ 112 beside πρυμνεύς; Wackernagel KZ 24, 297 = Kl. Schr. 758, Bosshardt 94). -- C. On ναῦλον and ναῦσθλον s. v.Etymology: Old IE word for `ship', which is also found in Indo-Iran., Armen., Lat., Celt., Germ. and Illyr. The original inflection is in Greek as in Skt. and in Lat. largely preserved, e.g. ναῦς = Skt. náuṣ, IE * neh₂u-s; νῆ(Ϝ)α = Skt. nā́vam (with analog. -m), Lat. nāv-em (to which nom. nāvis), IE *neh₂u̯-m̥; νῆ(Ϝ)ες = Skt. nā́vas, IE *neh₂u̯-es, νῆ(Ϝ)ας = Skt. nā́v-as, IE *neh₂u̯-n̥s etc. -- Forms from other languages: Iran., e.g. NPers. nāv, Arm. naw (iran. LW [loanword]?), Celt., e.g. OIr. nau, Germ., e.g. OWNo. nōr m., Illyr. ON Nau-na, Nau-portus. Details in Schwyzer 578, W.-Hofmann s. nāvis, Mayrhofer s. náuḥ, Wackernagel -Debrunner III 217ff. On the laryngeals Szemerenyi KZ 73, 185ff. -- Lat. LW [loanword] nauta, nausea.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ναῦς
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8 οὑλή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `scarred wound, scar' (Od.);Derivatives: οὑλόομαι, - όω `to scar, to cause scars' (Arist.) with - ωσις (Gal.), - ωμα (Suid.) `the scarring'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1144] *u̯el- `draw, tear'Etymology: From *Ϝολσά or *Ϝολνά (Forbes Glotta 36, 242; on the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 125); without direct non-Greek agreement. Nearest is Lat. volnus n. `wound' with unknown basic form. Uncertain Celt., e.g. Welsh gweli m. `wound', also `blood' (Loth Rev. celt. 41, 208), OIr. fuil f. `blood', MIr. fuili `bloody wounds'. As common basis of these and many other nouns one assumes a verb *u̯el- `draw (to oneself)' in Lat. vellō `tear away' a.o., to which ἁλίσκομαι `be caught' (*u̯elh₃-) is also drawn. Further more or less doubtful, for Greek unimportant cognates in WP.1,305ff. (w. rich lit.), Pok. 1144f., W.-Hofmann a. Ernout-Meillet s. volnus.Page in Frisk: 2,443-444Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οὑλή
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9 πέλας
Grammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `near, nearby' (Od.); ὁ πέλας `nearest one, neighbour, next one' (IA.). Beside it 1. the nasalpresent πίλναμαι ( πίλ-ν-α-μαι), - νάω, also w. ἐπι-, προσ-, `to draw near' (Il.; for the formation cf. κίρνημι s. κεράννυ-μι); 2. the athem. aor. πλῆ-το (Il.), with which ἐπλά̄-θην (trag. in lyr.), πέ-πλη-μαι (Od.), πλά̄-θω (trag. in lyr.); 3. the σ-aor. πελά-σ(σ)αι `to draw near', also `to bring near', midd. - σασθαι, pass. - σθῆναι (Il.), to which as new presents πελάζω, also w. ἐμ-, ἐπι-, προσ- (Ε 766), πελάθω (trag. in lyr.), πελάω, ἐμ- πέλας (h. Hom. 7, 44, hell.); fut. πελῶ (Att.).Derivatives: 1. πελά-της, Dor. - τας m. `one who comes near, serf, jobber' (trag., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 42), f. - τις (Plu.), with - τικός (D.H.); ἐμπελά-τειρα f. = πελάτις (Call., Euph.); 2. πέλα-σις f. ( ἐμ-, προσ-) `approach' (S.E., Procl.); 3. ἄ-πλη-τος (ep.), ἄ-πλᾱ-τος (Dor., trag.) `unapproachable, appalling'; 4. πλᾶ-τις, - ιδος f. `wife' (Ar., Lyc.); 5. τειχεσι-πλῆτα voc. surn. of Ares (Ε 31, 455; meaning unclear, cf. below and Fraenkel l.c.); 6. πλήτης πλησιαστής H. (from 5. concluded?). -- On δασπλῆτις s. v. -- Old adv. πλησίον (Il.), Aeol. πλά̄-σιον, Dor. πλᾱτίον `near', beside which the adj. πλησίος `standing nearby, neighbouring' (ep. ion. Il.); as 1. member e.g. in πλησιό-χωρος `neighbouring' (IA.). From this πλησι-ότης f. `neighbourhood' (A. D.); πλησι-άζω (Dor. πλᾱτι-) `to approach, to accompany, to associate with' (Att.) with - ασμός, - ασμα, - ασις (Arist.).Etymology: No certain agreement outside Greek. After Lobeck in Curtius 278 orig. "striking against (anstoßend)" (cf. ἴκταρ with several meaning parallels); further to Lat. pellō `push', Celt., e.g. OIr. ad-ella (\< * pel-nā-t = Lat. appellat) `visits', fut. eblaid \< * pi-plā-seti `will drive' (Froehde BB. 3, 308 resp. Vendryes MSL 16, 301 f.). Traces of this more concrete meaning can perh. still be found in expressions like πέλασε χθονί `threw to the ground', ὀδύνησι πελάζειν `sink in sorrow'; also in τειχεσι-πλῆτα as surn. of Ares ("wall-stormer ?). So πέλας as old nom. (- acc.; Schwyzer 516 n. 620) prop. "(first) push"; similar πλᾱτίον, πλησίον lengthened from an adverbial *πλᾱ-τ-ι (Schw. 621, 623)? The weakness of this in itself quite possible explanation lies in the absence of certain morphological criteria; the Celt. forms seem to agree in ablaut with the Greek ones (IE * pelh₂-, plā-); cf. OIr. adella `visits' and πλησιάζει `associates with'. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 57f., Pok. 801 f., W.-Hofmann s. pellō. Vgl. πλήν, πλήσσω.Page in Frisk: 2,494-495Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλας
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10 πλατύς 1
πλατύς 1.Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `wide, broad, flat, level' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. πλατύ-φυλλος `broad-leaved' (Arist., Thphr.).Derivatives: πλατύτης f. `width, breadth' (Hp., X.); πλατύνω, also w. δια-, ἐν- a.o., `to widen, to make broad' (X., Arist.) with πλάτ-υσμα (- υμμα) n. `dish, brick etc.' (Herod., Hero, pap.), - υσμός m. `broadening' (Arist., LXX). Also πλατεῖον n. `board, table' (Plb.), after the instrument names in - εῖον; from πλατεῖα ( χείρ, φωνή e. o.) πλατειάζω `to blow with the flat of the hand' (Pherecr.), `pronounce broadly' (Theoc.). -- Besides several formations: πλάτος n. `width, breadth, size' (Simon., Emp., Hdt., Ar.) with ἀ-πλατής `without breadth' (Arist.); πλατ-ικός (v.l. - υκός) `concerning the width, breadth, exhaustive, extensive' (Vett. Val., Arist.-comm.); cf. γεν-ικός to γένος. -- πλαταμών, - ῶνος m. `flat stone, ledge of rock, flat beach etc.' (h. Merc. 128, hell.) with - αμώδης `flat' (Arist.). -- πλάτη f. `blade of an oar, oar', meton. `ship', also `shoulder blade' (usu. ὠμο-πλάτη Hp.) (trag., Arist.); πλάτης, Dor. -ᾱς m. `pedestal of a gravestone' (inscr. Asia Minor, cf. γύης, πόρκης); πλάτιγξ τῆς κώπης τὸ ἄκρον H. -- PN Πλάταια (Β 504 a.o.), usu. pl. - αί f. (IA.) town in Boeotia with - αιίς, - αιεῖς etc.; accent-change as in ἄγυια: - αί (s. v.).Etymology: With πλατύς are deiretcly dientical Skt. pr̥thú-, Av. pǝrǝʮu- `wide, broad' (on the dental bel.). To this πλάτος like e.g. βάρος to βαρύς (s. v.) with zero grade instead of the older full grade in Skt. práthas- = Av. fraʮah- n. `breadth', Celt., e.g. Welsh. lled `id.' Also πλαταμών has -- the secondary zero grade excepted -- an exact Skt. agreement, i.e. prathi-mán- m. `extension, breadth'; cf. bel. With the reserve necessary with PN Πλάταια can be identified with Skt. pr̥thivī́ f. `earth', prop. "the broad (stretches of earth); here also a Celtic agreement e.g. in Welsh.-Lat. Letavia, Welsh Llydau `Brittany'. The identification, which is in itself possible, of πλάτανος with Celt., e.g. OIr. lethan, Welsh llydan `broad' is however rather improbable; cf. s. v. The same suffix also in Hitt. paltana-'arm, shoulder', which resembles semantically πλάτη (Laroche Rev. de phil. 75, 38, Benveniste BSL 50, 42). On πλάτη beside πλάτος cf. βλάβη: βλάβος, πάθη: πάθος a.o.; after κώπη? -- A corresponding primary verb is only in Skt. práthati, -te `extend' retained, to which as verbal noun prathi-mán-: πλατα-μών prop. "which extends" (cf. τελα-μών prop. "who bears"). The from this and from pr̥thi-vī : Πλάτα-ια resulting disyll. root * pleth₂-: *pl̥th₂ gave the Skt. aspirate (in prevocalic position): pr̥thú- from *pl̥th₂-ú-, práthas- from *pléth₂os-. -- Far remains Arm. layn `broad' (to Lat. lātus `broad'), s. W.-Hofmann s. v. w. lit. Further details with rich lit. in Mayrhofer s. pr̥thúḥ, pr̥thvī́, práthati, práthaḫ, prathimā́, W.-Hofmann s. 1. planta, Fraenkel s. platùs; older lit. in WP. 2, 99f. (Pok. 833f.).Page in Frisk: 2,553-554Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πλατύς 1
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11 ῥόθος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `the roar of the waves, of the oars', metaph. `noise' in gen. (Hes., A. Opp.); `path, trail' (Nic., after Plu. in Hes. 13 Boeot.).Other forms: S. below.Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἁλί-ρροθος `roared around by the sea' (trag., Mosch.), ταχύ-ρροθοι λόγοι `quickly rushing words' (A.); παλι-ρρόθιος `rushing back' (Od., hell. epic). On ἐπίρροθος s. v.Derivatives: ῥόθιος, f. - ιάς `roaring, clamorous' (ep. ε 412, also late prose), mostly - ιον, - ια n. sg. a. pl. `roaring wave(s), breaking(s), high-tide, loud stroke of the oar', metaph. `noise, bluster, rush' (poet. Pi., trag. [mostly in lyr.], also late prose). -- To ῥόθος, prob. as denom. (cf. Schwyzer 726), ῥοθέω, also w. ἐπι-, δια-, `to roar, to clamour' (A., S.); ὁμο-, κακο-ρροθέω = ὁμο-, κακο-λογέω (Hp., S., E., Ar.); from ῥόθιον: ῥοθι-άζω `to make a rushing sound (with the oar)' (com.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Expressive word without agreement outside Greek. The comparison (Fick 2, 318) with Celt. words for `liquidity, stream', OCorn. stret gl. `latex', MCorn. streyth `stream' is semant. noncommittal and also phonetically not quite comvincing because of the final dentals (Celt. t = IE t, Gr. θ = IE dh). The connection of Germ. OHG stredan `seethe, whirl, boil' (J. Schmidt Voc. 2, 282 f.) has the same phonetical weaknesses. Further forms (also from Slav.) in Bq and WP. 2, 704f., Pok. 1001 f., where also on the analysis (Persson Stud. 46, 165) in sr-edh- (to ser- `stream'; s. ὁρμή). Cf. also W.-Hofmann s. fretum and verū. -- On ῥάθαγος s. ῥαθαπυγίζω. -- Cf. the gloss ῥάθαγος = ῥόθος sch. Nic. Th. 194, H. and ῥαθα- = ῥοθο-πυγίζω suggests that it is a Pre-Greek word (with variation).Page in Frisk: 2,661Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥόθος
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12 σάγος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `woollen cloak, soldier's cloak', a.o. used by Gallians, Hispanics (Plb., D. S., App. a.o.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.Page in Frisk: 2,670Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάγος
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13 σάπων
σάπων, - ωνοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `soap'Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.XEtymology: Acc. to usual assumption from Lat. sāpō `id.' (since Plin.), which comes finally from Germ. (OHG seifa, OE sāpe etc.); s. W.-Hofmann s. v. with further lit. Diff. André Ét. celt. 7, 348 ff.: σάπων not from Lat. sāpō, but from Anatolian Celtic; very well possible.Page in Frisk: 2,677Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάπων
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14 μαδάρεις
μαδάρεις· τὰ πλατύλογχα τῶν κρεάτων (Celt.), Hsch. ( πλατύτερα λόγχα codd.), cf. Str.4.4.3 (prob.) and Lat.A mataris.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μαδάρεις
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15 φάτνη
φάτν-η, ἡ,A manger, crib, [ἵππους] ἀτίταλλ' ἐπὶφάτνῃ Il.5.271
;ἵππος ἀκοστήσας ἐπὶ φ. 6.506
;ἵππους μὲν κατέδησαν.. φάτνῃ ἐφ' ἱππείῃ 10.568
;ἐϋξέστῃ ἐπὶ φ. 24.280
;ἡ φ. τῶν ἵππων Hdt.9.70
, cf. E.Ba. 510 (pl.), X.Cyr.3.3.27 (pl.), Ev.Luc.2.7, al.; φάτναι Ζηνὸς, of the manger of Pegasus, Pi.O.13.92: also of oxen,ὥς τίς τε κατέκτανε βοῦν ἐπὶ φ. Od.4.535
, 11.411.2 βοῦς ἐπὶ φ., proverb. of ease and comfort, Philostr.Im.2.10; alsoπλουσίαν ἔχειν φ. E.Fr. 378
;φάτναις ἀργυραῖς χρῆσθαι Str.3.2.14
; ἡ ἐν τῇ φ. κύων 'the dog in the manger', Luc.Tim.14, cf. AP12.236 (Strat.); θεραπεύειν τὴν φ. τινός to court one who feeds you, Ael.Fr. 107; τοὺς ἐκ τῆς αὐτῆς οἱονεὶ φ. ἐδηδοκότας ib.39: τὴν αὐτὴν φ. ζητεῖν to return to their old haunts, Eub.129.II = φάτνωμα 1, IG11(2).161 A46 (Delos, iii B. C.): pl., ib.42(1).109 iii 85, al. (Epid., iii B. C.), D.S.1.66.IV the Manger, name of the nebula (star-cluster) between the ὄνοι in Cancer, Thphr. Sign.23, al., Arat.892, 898, Eratosth.Cat.11, Ptol.Tetr.23. (Later Gr. πάθνη acc. to Moer., but φάτνη in Attic and Delian Inscrr., IG22.1487.37, 11(2).l. c., Inscr.Déios504 A6, B9: bhndh, cf. Skt. badhnāti 'tie', Celt. benn 'wicker chariot'.) -
16 ἄκαστος
Grammatical information: m.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One assumes *ἄκαρ-στος, cognate with Lat. ăcer, - ris `maple', OHG ahorn (which is connected with ἄκαρνα δάφνη H., q.v.), Gallorom. * akar(n)os `id.' (Hubschmied Rev. celt. 50, 263f.). See Osthoff Etym. Parerga 1, 187ff.; W.-Hofmann s. 1. acer, Pok. 20. For the fomation cf. πλατάνιστος; cf. Chantr. Form. 302 (where the derivation from *- id-to- may be wrong). - However, plant names are often borrowed, and the formation is unclear. Fur. 371 compares κάστον ξύλον, Άθαμᾶνες H. For the meaning cf. (164) σφένδαμνον ξύλον H. His further comparison (343) with κόστον `wooden parts of a wagon' is less certain (he further points to Basque gastigaŕ `maple').Page in Frisk: 1,51Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκαστος
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17 ἄργυρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `silver' (Il.).Compounds: As first member, e.g. ἀργυρό-πεζα (Il.), of Thetis etc. (acc. to Pisani Rev. ét. anc. 37, 145ff. `with a foot of siver' like Celt. Άργεντόκοξος.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [64[ *h₂erg̀- `white'Etymology: ἄργυρος from an u-stem, seen in ἄργυφος (q.v.) and in Skt. árju-na- `white, light', Lat. argū-tus etc.; cf. also Messap. argorian (: ἀργύριον), Krahe Sprache 1, 39. Other languages have an n-stem, Lat. argentum, Av. ǝrǝzatǝm and Skt. rajatám \< *h₂rǵn-to-, Gaul. arganto-(magus) (difficult Arm. arcat` (like erkat` `iron')). On silver s. EIEC.Page in Frisk: 1,133-134Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄργυρος
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18 ἄρκτος
Grammatical information: f. (m.?)Meaning: `bear' (Il.); also `Ursa maior' (Scherer Gestirnnamen 131ff.), `the north'; also a crustacean, `Arctos Ursus' = τέττιξ (Arist.; Thompson Fishes 17).Other forms: ἄρκος m. f. (LXX). The form is early in names, Dobias-Lalou, Inscr. Cyrène, 2000, 6. Late ἄρξ (OGI 201, 15).Derivatives: Demin. ἀρκτύλος (Poll.), ἄρκυλλος (Sch. Opp.), ἄρκιλος (Eust.); ἀρκτῳ̃ος `id.' (Luc.; after ἑῳ̃ος from ἕως); ἄρκ(τ)ειος `belonging to a bear' (Dsc.; after αἴγειος, βόειος etc.); ἀρκτῆ (aus - έη) f. `skin of a bear' (Anaxandr.). ἄρκτιον n. plant name, `Inula candida' (Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 118). - Whether Άρκάδες (s.v.) belongs here, is uncertain s. Sommer Ahh. u. Sprw. 63f.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [864] *h₂rtḱo- `bear'Etymology: The late form with single - κ- is confirmed by derivations; it must be just simplification (or from before the metathesis?). Old name of the bear: Skt. ŕ̥kṣa-, Av. arša-, Arm. arǰ, Lat. ursus, Celt., e.g. MIr. art. Hitt. ḫartagga- lead to the reconstruction *h₂rtḱo-. In Germanic and Balto-Slavic the name was replaced, prob. for taboo-reasons; cf. Emeneau Lang. 24, 56ff. The old etymology as `destroyer' (Skt. rákṣas-, Aw. raš- `damage) has now become untenable. On the suffix -ḱ- cf. ἀλώπηξ.Page in Frisk: 1,141-142Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρκτος
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19 ἀσκηθής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `unhurt, unscathed' (Il.).Other forms: ξ 255 ἀσκηθέες = - θεῖς, not ἀσκεθέες with Eustathius (s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 263 A. 3 m. Lit.)Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Presupposes a noun *σκῆθος n. `damage', which has been connected with Germ.-Celt. words, Goth. skaÞis n. `damage'; the comparison is impossible as θ does not agree with Goth. Þ.Page in Frisk: 1,164Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀσκηθής
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20 βαβάκινον
βαβάκινον, - οςGrammatical information: m. (n.?)Meaning: χύτρας εἶδος H.Other forms: Cf. βακάϊον μέτρον τι H.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Celt.?, Anat.?Etymology: Comparing ἐμβακανίτης τὸ μετὰ τοῦ ταρίχους καὶ στέατος σκευαζόμενον βρῶμα H. (and Cyrill. mss.). Latte Glotta 32, 41 reconstructs an unreduplicated form *βάκινος (- ον) *βάκανον, probably also found in Lat. bacchinon (Greg. Tur.; from which Fr. bassin); cf. W.-Hofmann s. baccīnum. The word would be Anatolian or Celtic; also Germ. Back? Furnée 171 connects φάκται ληνοί, σιπύαι, πύελοι, Myc. du. pakoto \/phaktō\/. The variation would point to a Pre-Gr. word; uncertain.Page in Frisk: 1,206Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βαβάκινον
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