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1 σπόγγος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `sponge (for wiping off)', metaph. of spongelike objects, e.g. `gland'(Il.).Other forms: also σφόγγος (certain in hell. a. late inscr.; s. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 207 f.).Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. σπογγο-θήρας m. `sponge hunter, gatherer' (Plu.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σπογγ-ίον n. (Ar., Dsc.), - άριον n. (M. Ant. a. o.). 2. - ιά f. = σπόγγος (Ar., Aeschin., Arist., Aret. a. o.; on the acc. Scheller Oxytonierung 73). 3. - ίας m. `id.' (Ar. Fr. 856). 4. - εύς m. (- ιεύς) `sponge gatherer' (Arist., Thphr.; Bosshardt 61). 5. - ώδης `spongy, porous' (Hp., Arist., Dsc.). 6. - ῖτις `id.' (Plin., Aët.; Redard 61 a. 77). 7. - ίζω, also w. ἀπο-, ἐκ- a.o., `to wipe off' (Hp., Att. etc.); and - ιστική ( τέχνη) `the art of wiping' (Pl.; Chantraine Etudes 134).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: As old Wanderwort identical with Arm. sownk, sowng `mushroom, cork-tree', Lat. fungus `mushroom, sea-, tree-mushroom, -like ulcer'. Extensive treatment w. lit. in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 229 ff. For older discussion s. W.-Hofmann s. fungus. -- Lat. LW [loanword] spongia (from σπογγιά) with spongiōsus u. a.Page in Frisk: 2,770Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπόγγος
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2 δασύς
δασύς, εῖα, ὑ, dicht, rauch; verwandt das Latein. densus. Bei Homer δασὐς zweimal, in einer und derselben Stelle, Odyss. 14, 49. 51 εἷσεν δ' εἰσαγαγών, ῥῶπας δ' ὑπέχευε δασείας, ἐστόρεσεν δ' ἐπὶ δέρμα ἰονϑάδος ἀγρίου αἲγός, αὐτοῠ ἐνεύναιον, μέγα καί δασύ. Vgl. das Compositum δασὐμαλλος Odyss. 9, 435. – Bei den Folgenden heißt δασὐς: – 1) dichtbehaart; μασχάλαι λόχμης δασὐτεραι Ar. Eccl. 61; γέῥῥα δασειῶν βοῶν u. βοῶν δασέα, von rauchen, d. i. rohen Fellen, Xen. An. 4, 7, 22. 5, 4, 12; χειρῐδες Cyr. 8, 8, 17; τὰ σώματα δασεῖς Arr. Ind. 24; bärtig, Strat. 12 (XII, 26); δασεῖς καὶ προβεβηκότες entgeggstzt den νεώτεροι Buto Stob. flor. 6, 29; Ggstz λεῐος, Eubul. Ath. X, 449 e (v. 2). – Auch ἱμάτιον, Philem. bei D. L. 6, 87. – 2) mit Bäumen dicht bewachsen, γῆ δασέη ὕλῃ παντοίῃ Her. 4, 21; vgl. 191; χωρίον δασύ Thuc. 4, 29, = ὑλῶδες; öfter Xen., χωρίον δασὺ πίτυσι, ποταμὸς δασὺς δέν, δρεσι, An. 4, 7, 6. 8, 2; παράδεισος δασὺς παντοίων δένδρων 2, 4, 14; Folgde; τὰ δασέα, dichtes Gebüsch, 4, 7, 7 u. öfter. Aehnl. στέφανος Plat. Conv. 212 e. Von Wolken Diod. 3, 44. – 3) πνεῦμα δασύ, spiritus asper, Gramm.; auch δασεῖα προσῳδία, vgl. Ath. IX, 398 a; τὰ δασέα, aspiratae: φ, χ, ϑ. – Adv., δασέως ἔχειν Arist. physiogn. 6, 39.
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3 δασύς
δασύς, εῖα, ὑ, dicht, rauch; verwandt das Latein. densus. (1) dichtbehaart; γέῥῥα δασειῶν βοῶν u. βοῶν δασέα, von rauhen, d. i. rohen Fellen; bärtig. (2) mit Bäumen dicht bewachsen; τὰ δασέα, dichtes Gebüsch. Von Wolken. (3) πνεῦμα δασύ, spiritus asper, Gramm; τὰ δασέα, aspiratae: φ, χ, ϑ -
4 σκερβόλλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to vilify, to slander' (Ar. Eq. 821, H.; ipv.), σκερβολεῖ (leg. cum M. - όλλει?) ἀπατᾳ̃ H.; σκέρβολος `vilifying, slandering' (Call. Fr. 281, H.); also κερβόλλουσα (cod. - ολυσσα) λοιδοροῦσα, βλασφημοῦσα, ἀπατῶσα H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Like κερτομέω, - ος (s. vv.) expressive words of unclear formation and dark origin; the "2. member" reminds of βάλλω, βόλος (Brugmann IF 15, 97 f.). On the anlaut Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 218. Cf. W.-Hofmann s. carinō. S. also σκίραφος. -- The variants show that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,726Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκερβόλλω
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5 σκινδάριον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: name of an unknown fish (Anaxandr. 27, 4).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: For *σκινιδάριον from σκινίς (Gal. v. l.) = σκιαινίς (s. σκιά)? Fraenkel Nom.. ag. 2, 177 f. (w. lit.); s. also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 216. -- The word seems Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,732Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σκινδάριον
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6 σπάλαξ
σπάλαξ, - ακοςGrammatical information: f. m.Meaning: `mole' (Arist. a. o.), also as plantnname `autumn crocus, Colchicum parnassicum' (Thphr.).Derivatives: σπαλακ-ία νόσος ἡ περὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς, πήρωσις H. (vgl. Scheller Oxytonierung 41); also σπαλακός as colour designation (pap.). -- S. ἀσπάλαξ.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Daneben σφάλαξ `id.' (Paus. 7, 24, 11) for ἀσφάλαξ (Babr. a. o.), folketymol. after σφάλλω because of the undermining activity of the mole; thus σπάλαξ after σπάω `tear off'(?) referring to the skin (Grégoire Byzantion 32, 32 ff.; hypothetical)? On the anlaut also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 192 f. - The variations show a Pre-Greek word Furnée 159.Page in Frisk: 2,756Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπάλαξ
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7 σπεύδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to hurry, to hasten, to strive, to exert oneself', trans. `to drive, to quicken, to ply, to aspire after'.Other forms: Aor. σπεῦσαι, fut. σπεύσομαι (Il.), σπεύσω (E. a.o.), σπευσίω (Cret.), perf. ἔσπευκα (hell.), rare midd. σπεύ-δομαι (A.), pass. ἔσπευσμαι (late),Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συ-. Compp., e.g. κενό-σπουδ-ος `seriously prosecuting frivolities' with - έω, - ία (hell.). -- 2. κατάσπευ-σις (: κατα-σπεύδω) f. `hurry' (Thd.; σπεῦσις Gloss.), σπευσ-τός (Phryn.), - τικός ( ἐπι-) `hurried' (Arist., Eust.).Derivatives: 1. σπουδ-ή f. `haste, zeal, labour, seriousness, good will' (Il.), with - αῐος `zealous, striving, serious, good' (IA) with - αιότης f. (Pl. Def., LXX a. o.), -ᾱξ ἀλετρίβανος H. (cf. below); - άζω ( ἐπι-, κατα-, συ- a. o.) `to be quick, to carry on seriously, etc.' (IA) with - ασμα, - ασμάτιον, - ασμός, - αστής, - αστός, - αστικός.Etymology: Through the maintenance of the ου-diphthong σπουδή proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary σπεύδω on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. spáusti (\< *spáud-ti), with pres. spáudžiu `press, squeeze', also `push, drive on', intr. `hutty'. A trace of the meaning `push' has also been supposed in σπούδαξ = ἀλετρίβανος, `pestle of a mortar' (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. spáus-ti can be equated with σπεύδ-ω, but the pres. spáudžiu can as well be an old iterative IE *spoudéiō. With σπουδή agrees formally spaudà f. `pressure, literature'. Beside it with ū-vowel spūdà f. `throng, urgency, pressure' and spūdė́ti `be oppressed, thrust down, pain oneself, meddle'. With zero grade also Alb. punë `work, business', if from * spud-nā. Arm. p'oyt`, gen. p'ut`oy (o-stem) `zeal' however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933]: 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. spaudà; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,765Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπεύδω
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8 σπολάς
σπολάς, - άδοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `leather harness, jerkin' (S. Fr. 11, Ar., X.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Formation in - άς from a verbal noun *σπόλος, *σπολή. If prop. `(torn off) skin', with ( ἀ)σπάλαξ (s. v.; ?) from a verb for `split, tear off' (IE * sp(h)el-), to which belong also σπόλια τὰ παρατιλλόμενα ἐρίδια ἀπὸ τῶν σκελῶν τῶν προβάτων (formally = Lat. spolia), ἄσπαλον σκῦτος H., prob. also Thess. (IG 9: 2 p. XI [IIa]) σπόλος `pole' (= `split wood') [this seems quite doubtful to me]. However σπολεύς `kind of bread' (Philet. ap. Ath. 3, 114e) may be wrong for σποδεύς (s. on σποδός). -- From other languages: Lat. spolium `torn off animal skin, equipment taken from the enemy, taken off equipment', Lith. spãlis `beard, einzelne (Flachs)schäbe (= parts of the stalk of flax)', pl. spãliai `parts of the stalk (Schäben)', Germ., e.g. NHG spalten etc.; s. WP. 2, 677ff., Pok. 985ff., W.-Hofmann s. spolium, Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 193 f.; everwhere w. lit.; on the adduced Indian words also Mayrhofer s. phálati. Cf. on στέλλω; also ψαλίς. - Clearly the same word as ἄσπαλον, so a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 2,771Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπολάς
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9 σύριχος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `basket' (Alex.). Also συρίσκος ἀγγεῖόν τι πλεκτόν, εἰς ο σῦκα ἐμβάλλουσι. τινες δε ὑρίσκον H.Other forms: Here also ὕριχος (Porson; cod. - ισός Ar. Fr. 569, 5), ὕρισχος and βρίσχος (Phryn. PS), σύρισσος (Poll.), ὑρίσσος (H.), - ός (Theognost.); also ὑρρίς σπυρίς (Zonar.); cf. ὑρίσιδα (for ὑρίς, - ίδα?) σπυρίδιον, σπυρίς H.; ὑρράδα (cod. ὕρρ-) σπυρίδιον (Theognost.), ὕρραχα πρίσχη H. (cf. βρίσχος in Phryn.). With other anlaut: ἄρριχος (s. v.) and ἀρίσκος κόφινος H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The suffixes - ιχος and - ίσχος both show the popular character of the above words, which have clearly never reached the stabilising level of the literary language; (of course there may also be mistakes in the tradition). Etymol. unclear. Analytical attempt by Güntert Reimwortbild. 143; cf. also ῥίσκος and the lit. on ἄρριχος; further Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 22 f. w. further details and hypotheses. Furnée 135, 241, 392, 300Page in Frisk: 2,822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύριχος
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10 σφαῖρα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sphere, ball, balls in a boxing-glove, globe' (Od.).Compounds: Compp., e.g. σφαιρο-ειδής `spherical' (IA.), ἐπί-σφαιρα n. pl. `leather coating of boxing-balls, boxing-gloves', also of the cover of the point of a sword (Plb., Plu.).Derivatives: 1. σφαιρ-ηδόν `like a ball, sphere' (Ν 204 a. o.) 2. - ίον dimin. (Pl. Ep., hell. a. late). 3. - εύς m. des. of young men in Sparta (after the boxing-gloves; Paus., inscr.; Bosshardt 75). 4. - ικός (Archyt., Arist. etc.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), - ειος (Arist.-comm.) `spherical'. 5. - ῖτις κυπάρισσος (Gal.; after the form of the fruits?, cf. Redard 77); *-ίτης ( ἄρτος) in Lat. spaerīta m. kind of cake (Cato; Leumann Sprache 1, 206 = Kl. Schr. 173). 6. - ών, - ῶνος m. `round fishing-net' (Opp.), 7. - ίζω ( ἀντι-, δια-, συν-) `to play at ball' (Att.; φαιρίδδειν σφαιρίζειν H.) with - ισις (Arist.), - ισμός (Artem.), - ισμα (Eust.) `ball-game', - ιστής `ball-player', - ιστικός `belonging to a ball-game', - ιστήριον `ball-court, -house', - ίστρα `id.' (hell. a. late). 8. - όομαι, - όω ( ἀπο-, δια-, ἐν-) `to be round, to round off, to provide with a round edge' (X., Arist., hell. a. late) with - ωμα `rounded body' (Arist. a.o.), - ωσις `sphere-formation' (late), - ωτήρ, - ῆρος m. "rounded object", `knob, bulb or such' (Tab. Heracl., hell. pap.); s. Solmsen IF 31, 492ff.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Formation like πεῖρα, σπεῖρα, μοῖρα a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.). -- No agreement outside Greek. If prop. referring to the quick movement of a ball, one could connect σφαῖρα to σπαίρω a. cognates; s. v. w. further lit. Attempts, to explains the variation σπ- σφαῖρα σφ-, in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 196 f. [improbable] Cf. also σφῦρα, σφυρόν and σπύραθοι, σπυράδες [Pre-Greek]. -- From σφαῖρα Syr. êspērō, Aethiop. ṣpīr (Schwyzer 159 a. 161), Arm. sp`er̄ (from where Georg. spero; Bailey Trans. Phil. Soc. 1945, 28). On σφαῖρα in gen. s. Hommel Gymn. 56, 201 ff., S. Mendner Das Ballspiel im Leben der Völker (Münster 1956) 77ff. -- Connection with σπαίρω is improbable.Page in Frisk: 2,826-827Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφαῖρα
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11 σφάλλω
σφάλλω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to bring down, to ruin, to mislead', midd. `to go down, to be ruined, to be mistaken' (IA).Other forms: Aor. σφῆλαι (Il.), Dor. σφᾶλαι (Pi.), pass. σφᾰλ-ῆναι (- θῆναι Gal.), intr. - αι (LXX; Schwyzer 756), fut. ?-ῶ, pass. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσφαλ-μαι (IA.), act. - κα (Plb.).Derivatives: 1. σφαλ-ερός `slippery, treacherous, staggering' (IA.). 2. - μα n. `fall, accident, misstep, mistake' (IA.), - μός m. `id.' (Aq.) with - μῆσαι ( ἀπο-) `to stumble' (Plb.), σφαλ-μᾳ̃ σκιρτᾳ̃, σφάλλεται H. 3. - σις ( ἀνά-, περί-, ἀμφί-) f. `fall, accident' (Hp., Vett. Val.). 4. - της m. des. of Dionysos "he who brings down" (Lyc.). 5. ἀ-σφαλ-ής, ές, -( έ)ως `not falling, not staggering, firm, safe, reliable' (Il.) with - εια f. (Att.), - ίζομαι, - ίζω (hell. a. late), prob. directly from the verb (cf. Schwyzer 513; σφάλος n. only Trag. Oxy. 676, 16 [uncertain]); thus ἐπι-, περι-, ἀρι-σφαλής a.o. -- On ἄσφαλτος s. v. (folketym. adapted?).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [cf. 929] * (s)gʷʰh₂el-Etymology: As with πάλλω, σκάλλω the above system of forms can be understood as a pure Greek creation. -- A certain etymology is missing. Instead of the earlier, semant. very attractive connection with Skt. skhálate, -ti `sumble, stagger, err', Arm. sxalem, -im `id.' (Fick 1. 143. 567, Hübschmann Armen. Gr. 1, 490 f.), which requires IE skʷhel- and is therefore coubtful, P. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 149ff. tries to connect σφάλλω with IE * sp(h)el- `split' in σπολάς, ἀσπάλαξ a.o. (s. vv. w. lit.) assuming an orig. meaning *'throw with sticks, put a stop between the legs v. t.' (details in WP. 2, 678 and Pok. 985); phonetically better, but semant. quite hypothetic. Diff., but also doubtful, Thieme KZ 69, 175. Suppositions on anlaut. σφ- in Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 194 w. lit. Older lit. in Bq; further W.-Hofmann s. fallō. -- Cf. σφαλός, σφέλας. Rix, Hist. Gramm. d. Griech. 31 assumes * sgʷʰh₂el- with Siebs, which seems possible.Page in Frisk: 2,827Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφάλλω
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12 σφαραγέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `crackle, sizzle' (ι 390), `teem, be full unto bursting' (ι 440).Other forms: only ipf. σφαραγεῦντο; also σφαραγίζω in ἐσφαράγιζον `excited (with noise)' (Hes. Th. 706), -ίζει βροντᾳ̃, ταράττει, ψοφεῖ H.;Derivatives: σφάραγος = ψόφος H., further only as 2. member, e.g. ἐρι- σφαραγέομαι `with loud noise' (h. Merc. a.o.), βαρυ- σφαραγέομαι `with dull noise' (Pi.).Etymology: Old inherited soundword (on the formation cf. σμαραγέω) with near cognates in Skt. sphū́rjati, -áyati `crackle, drone', Balt., e.g. Lith. sprag-ù, ė́ti `crackle, creak', Germ., e.g. OE sprecan, OHG sprehhan `spreak' etc.; besides in the sense of `(with bang) burst, break up etc.' Skt. sphū́rjati `break up', Balt., e.g. Lith. spróg-stu, -ti `break up, burst, but', to which also σπαργάω; s. v. w. lit. a. further forms. After Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 198ff. σφαρα-γέομαι, ( ἐρι) - σφάραγος would be old defigurements of σμαραγέω, ( ἐρι)-σμάραγος resp. σπαργέω, - άω(?). -- Cf. σφραγίς.Page in Frisk: 2,828Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφαραγέομαι
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13 σφενδόνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `sling', from wool, hair, animal sinews etc., often metaph. of sling-like objects, e.g. `bandage, headband, case on a ring, white of the eye' (Il.); also `throw, missile' (Ar., X.; referring to σφενδονάω).Compounds: Rarely as 2. member, e.g. βελο-σφενδόνη `arrow-sling, fire-missile' (Plu.).Derivatives: 1. σφενδον-ήτης, Boeot. - άτας m. `slinger' (Hdt., Th. a.o.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 130) with - ητική ( τέχνη) `the art of slinging' (Pl.). 2. - ηδόν `like a sling' (sch., EM). 3. - αίαν σφενδόνην, η την σφραγῖδα H. 4. - άω, also w. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to sling' (IA.) with - ησις f. (Hp., Pl. a.o.). 5. - ίζω `id.' (Ps.-Callisth.) with - ιστής m. (Them.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Formation like ἀγχόνη, περόνη, βελόνη. No convincing etymology. Since Benfey and Pott (s. Curtius 247) connected with σφεδανός, σφοδρός, σφαδάζω and with Skt. spandate `pull, beat out', IE * sp(h)e(n)d-; s. WP. 2, 664 and Pok. 989 w. further forms and lit.; on sp- σφενδόνη σφ- Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 204ff. -- The obvious connection with Lat. funda is often discussed (s. W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachtr.); with it also the possibility of a common loan from a Mediterranean or Anatolian source was considered (Ernout-Meillet s. v., Pisani Sprache 5, 147). On the Romance continuants of funda, which give much that is methodically of interest, s. Jaberg Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 213ff. -- Cf. σφόνδυλος. -- The word is no doubt Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,830Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφενδόνη
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14 σφήν
σφήν, σφηνόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `wedge' (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, - ποδος `with wedge-shaped feet' ( κλίνη; Ceos Va; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος `wedge-shaped' (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν `counter-wedge' (Ph. Bel.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), - άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain - ίς, - ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. `side-wedge' (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, `wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in)' (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις ( ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. `the wedging in' (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. `wedge-shaped block' (pap. IIp).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφά̄ν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for `chip' in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. * spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. `slice, kind of oar etc.' (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,830-831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφήν
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15 σφηνός
σφήν, σφηνόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `wedge' (A. Pr. 64, Ar., Arist., hell. pap.).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. σφηνό-πους, - ποδος `with wedge-shaped feet' ( κλίνη; Ceos Va; cf. σφανίον below and Sommer Nominalkomp. 30), ἐπί-σφηνος `wedge-shaped' (Lebadeia, Strömberg Prefix Studies 100), ἀντι-σφήν `counter-wedge' (Ph. Bel.).Derivatives: 1. Dimin. σφην-ίσκος m. (Hp. a.o.), - άριον n. (late medic.), uncertain - ίς, - ίδιον (Hero). 2. σφανίον κλινίδιον and ἐν σφανίῳ ἐν κλιναρίῳ H. (Schulze KZ 45, 190f. = Kl. Schr. 379); but παρα-σφήν-ιον n. `side-wedge' (hell. inscr. a. pap.) hypostasis. 3. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, παρα-, `wedged in, to be wedged, to wedge (in)' (Arist., medic., hell. a. late) with σφήνωσις ( ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-) f. `the wedging in' (medic. a.o.), ἀποσφήν-ωμα n. `wedge-shaped block' (pap. IIp).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From σφανίον and Cean σφηνόπους, of which the Η cannot render PGr. ē but must contain a PGr. a-sound, we get for σφήν a basic form *σφά̄ν, if need be *σφανσ- (cf. χήν) or *σφα-ην (WP. 2, 652f., Pok. 980, Schwyzer 487 n. 7 w. lit.; diff. Wahrmann Glotta 6, 162ff.). Through this the traditional identification (since Kuhn KZ 4, 15) with a Germ. word for `chip' in OHG spān, OE spōn, OWNo. spānn, spōnn, PGm. * spēn-u-, must be given up. The words given sub σπάθη may be compared. -- Skt. sphyá- n. m. approx. `slice, kind of oar etc.' (on the meaning Janert KZ 79, 89ff.) remains far; hypothesis by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 16 (agreeing Janert l.c.): to NHG Espe etc.; against this Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 164 f. -- So no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,830-831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφηνός
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16 σφήξ
σφήξ, - ηκόςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `wasp' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. (Theoc.) -ᾱκός m.Derivatives: I. σφηκ-ιά f. `wasp-nest' (S., E., Ar., LXX a.o.; Scheller Oxytonierung 68). 2. - ίον n. `comb in a wasp's nest' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.); ἐπι-σφήκ-ιον n. meaning unknown (Delos IIIa). 3. - ίσκος m. `pointed wood, rafter etc.' (Ar., Arist., inscr. a.o.). 4. - ίας m. `id.' (Pherecr.), also name of a verse (Ps.-Plu.; cf. σφηκικός, σφηκώδης). 5. - ειον n. `wasp-like insect' (Nic.). 6. - εια f. old name of the island Cyprus (Lyc., H.). 7. - ικός `wasp-like', name of a verse (Eust.), - ώδης `id.' (Ar. a.o.), also name of a verse (sch.). 8. - ισμός εἶδος αὑλή-σεως, εἰρημένον ἀπὸ τῆς ἐμφερείας τῶν βομ\<β\>ῶν H. (: *σφη-κίζω). 9. - ίωσις κηρία σφηκῶν H. (: σφηκ-ίον, *-ιόω). 10. Unclear σφηκός = σφηκώδης (S. Fr. 29), σφήξ λόφου τὸ ἄκρον τοῦ λόφου κτλ. H.; σφήκη n. pl. meaning unknown (pap. IIIa). II. Usual denom. - όομαι, - όω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, `to be contracted, bound in the middle, esp. to contract, to bind' (P52, Ar., hell. a. late epic, late prose) with - ωμα n. `point of a helmet' (S., Ar.), `cord, cable' (pap. IIIa etc.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: On the formation cf. μύρμηξ, σκώληξ (s. vv.). Unexplained. Tempting, but morpholog. difficult is the comparison with σφήν (Solmsen Wortforsch. 129 w. n. 1, Grošelj Živa Ant. 4, 176). Other proposal: to σφάκελος referring to the constricted body (Persson Beitr. 1, 396 n. 1 asking); to ψήν `gall-insect', ψῆν `rub' (Hofmann Et. Wb. with Specht Ursprung 45); on the supposed metathesis etc. Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 189 f. On the certainly wrong combination with Lat. vespa a. cogn. (since Pott) s. Curtius 382 a. Bq; thus Georgiev Word 3, 77 ff. Older attempts (w. lit.) in Bq. -- Furnée 393 compares ψήν and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek; the conclusion is certainly right.Page in Frisk: 2,831Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σφήξ
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