λεπτίον

λεπτ-ίον, τό,

A jar (cf.

λεπτός 111.3

), POxy.1153.4 (i A.D.), Sammelb. 4425v7, al. (ii A.D.), BGU 14 iv 18 (iii A.D.).

λεπτός, ή, όν, ([etym.] λέπω) rare in lit. sense,

A peeled, husked, ῥίμφα τε λέπτ' ἐγένοντο, of barley being threshed out, Il.20.497.

2 fine, small,

κονίη 23.506

;

κόνις S.Ant. 256

;

τέφρα Ar.Nu. 177

;

λεπτοῖς ἁλσί Alex.187.5

: freq. in Hp.,

διατρήσεις λ. Loc.Hom.10

, al.; of soil, light, Thphr.HP1.8.1.

3 thin, fine, delicate, freq. in Hom., mostly of garments and the like ,

ὀθόναι Il.18.595

; πέπλοι, φᾶρος, Od.7.97, 10.544;

ἀράχνια 8.280

;

μήρινθος Il.23.854

; -

ότατος χαλκός 20.275

;

ἔβενος, ἐλέφας, σίδηρος BCH35.286

(Delos, ii B.C.);

ῥινὸς βοός Il.20.276

([comp] Sup.);

δέρμα Arist.HA 517b27

([comp] Sup.);

τρίχες Id.GA 783a4

([comp] Comp.);

σάρξ E.Med. 1189

;

χαλκὸς καὶ δόνακες Pi.P.12.25

, cf. E.Med. 949, Th. 2.49, etc.; λεπτὰ τὰ πρῴραθεν ἔχειν, of ships, to have the bows thin and weak, Id.7.36.

4 of the human figure, mostly in bad sense, thin, lean, Alc.39; opp. παχύς, Hp.Art.8 ([comp] Comp.);

ἐγὼ δὲ λεπτὴ κἀσθενής Ar. Ec. 539

;

σοφιστῶν λεπτῶν, ἀσίτων Antiph.122.4

;

λ. καὶ αὐχμῶν Thphr. Char.26.5

, cf. Ceb.10;

λ. χείρ Hes.Op. 497

;

στῆθος Ar.Nu. 1018

(anap.);

τράχηλος X.Cyn.5.30

;

λεπτὸς <ἐκ> τοῖν σκελοῖν Luc.Nav.2

;

λ. ὑπὸ μεριμνῶν Pl.Amat. 134b

; of animals, X.Cyr.1.4.11; also, slender, taper (opp. παχύς)

, δάκτυλος Pl.R. 523d

; ἀπολήγειν εἰς λεπτόν, of the fingers of a statue, Luc.Im.6.

5 of space, strait, narrow,

εἰσίθμη Od.6.264

;

ἀταρπός Alcm.81

; ἐπὶ λεπτὸν τετάχθαι in a thin line, X. Cyr.5.4.46, cf. Plb.3.115.6;

οὔτε εὐρεῖαν οὔτε λεπτὴν.. ὁδόν Plu.2.964c

(ap.Porph.Abst.1.6).

6 generally, small, weak, impotent,

λεπτὴ μῆτις Il.10.226

, 23.590;

ἐλπίς Ar.Eq. 1244

, cf.

ὀχέω 11.3

;

ἀσφάλεια D.Ep.2.20

; λ. ἴχνη faint traces, X.Cyn.5.5; λ. οὖας, of a child's ear, tiny, Simon.37.14; τὰ λ. τῶν προβάτων small cattle, i.e. sheep and goats, Hdt.8.137; λ. πλοῖα small craft, Id.7.36; ἄκραι λ. small headlands, Id.8.107;

λ. κλιμάκια Ar. Pax69

;

τὸ -ότατον τοῦ χαλκοῦ νομίσματος Plu.Cic.29

;

λ. χαλκός OGI485.12

(Magn. Mae.): without χαλκός, Inscr.Perg. 374 D7;

ἀργύριον Ῥόδιον λ. CIG2693e5

([place name] Mylasa), cf. TAM2(1).15 ([place name] Telmessus); v. infr. 111.2. Adv. -τῶς, ζῆν poorly, meanly, Men.Mon. 682: neut. pl. as Adv.,

λεπτὰ λεύσσω κόραις E.Or. 224

.

7 light, slight,

λεπταῖς ὑπαὶ κώνωπος.. ῥιπαῖσι A. Ag. 892

; λ. πνοαί light breezes, E.IA 813; λεπταῖς ἐπὶ ῥοπῇσιν on slight turns of fortune, S.Fr. 555.

8 of size or quantity, λ. πυρίδια small, Ar.Lys. 1206;

λ. κύλικες Pherecr.143.5

(but f.l.): neut. pl. as Adv., λ. τῖλαι 'pluck into small pieces', Theoc.3.21.

9 of liquids, thin,

γάλα Hp.Vict.2.46

;

λεπτὰ ἀνεμέειν Id.Coac. 310

; λ. οἶνος light wine, Luc.Merc.Cond.18; also of food,

λ. δίαιται Hp.Aph.1.4

;

λ. ὀψάρια OGI484.16

(Pergam.). Adv. -τῶς, διαιτᾶσθαι, διαιτᾶν, Gal. 19.191, Paul.Aeg.3.43.

10 = λεπτομερής, consisting of fine parts,

ὅσῳ -ότερον ἀὴρ ὕδατος Arist.Ph. 215b4

, cf. Cael. 303b26, al.

II metaph., subtle, refined,

νοῦς E.Med. 529

; - ότεροι μῦθοι ib. 1082 (anap.); -

ότατοι λῆροι Ar.Nu. 359

;

πυκνῇ.. λεπτὰ μηχανᾷ φρενί Id.Ach. 445

;

λ. λογιστά Id.Av. 318

;

λ. καὶ ἀκριβής Antipho 3.4.2

;

ἐς τὰς τέχνας παχέες, οὐ λεπτοί Hp.

Aër.24;

λόγοι λ... τρέφουσ' ἐκείνους Alex.220.8

; cf. λεπτολόγος. Adv. -

τῶς, μεριμνᾶν Lyr.Adesp.135

;

λ. καὶ πυκνῶς ἐξετάζειν Amphis 33.5

: [comp] Comp. - οτέρως Anaxandr.36: also

κατὰ λεπτόν

in detail,

PPetr.2p.118

(iii B.C.), Cic.Att.2.18.2, Phryn. PS p.83 B., Phot. s.v. νιφετός; cf. κατάλεπτον, καταλεπτολογέω: τὰ κατὰ λεπτόν, title of poems by Aratus, Ach.Tat.Intr.Arat.p.79 M., Str.10.5.3; also of minor poems of Virgil; τῶν κατὰ λεπτὸν πόρων ἀραίωσις, perh. small pores, Gal.15.201.

2 rarely of the voice, fine, delicate, Arist.HA 545a7, Lyc.687;

ἁρμονία E.Fr.773.23

(lyr.): neut. as Adv.,

λεπτὸν ἀμφιτιττυβίζειν Ar.Av. 235

(lyr.); of sound,

λ. ὑποτρύζουσα AP11.352.5

(Agath.); cf. λεπταλέος.

3 of smell, Pl.Ti. 66e ([comp] Comp.).

4 of persons, οἱ λ. the poor, Plb.24.7.3; λεπτὴν πλέκειν, prov. of poor people, Hsch.;

λεπτὰ ξαίνεις Suid.

III Subst. λεπτόν (sc. ἔντερον), τό, the small intestine, Hp.Coac. 311, 449.

2 (sc. νόμισμα) a very small coin, Ev.Luc.21.2, Phot.s.v. ὀβολός; cf.supr.1.6.

3 (sc. κεράμιον) jar, POxy.920.4 (ii/iii A.D.), PStrassb.40.48 (vi A.D.); cf. λεπτίον, λεπτοκεραμεύς.

4 Astron. (sc. ἑξηκοστόν), division of a degree, πρῶτα λεπτά, = minutes, δεύτερα λ., = seconds, Gem.18.11, 18; λεπτά alone, = minutes, PLond. 1.98r.47 (i/ii A.D.), POxy. 1476 (iii A.D.).

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `peel (off)' (Il.)

Other forms: aor. λέψαι, fut. λέψω (Il.), perf. midd. ἀπο-λέλεμμαι (Epich.), aor. pass. ἀπελέπη ἀπελεπίσθη H.; also with ablaut λέλαμμαι (Att. inscr. around 330^a), ἐκ-λαπῆναι (Ar. Fr. 164),

Dialectal forms: Myc. repoto \/leptos\/.

Compounds: Sometimes with ἀπο-, ἐκ- (s. above), περι-, ἐπι-.

Derivatives: Many derivv. A. With ε-grade (from the present): 1. λεπτός (cf. στρεπ-τός a.o. in Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,17) `peeled' = `unveiled' (Υ 497), `thin, meager, weak, fine, delicate' (Il., often as 1. member. Poet. lengthened λεπτ-αλέος `weak, fine' (Il.; Chantraine Form. 255), λεπτ-ακινός'id.' (AP; from *λέπταξ ?, Bechtel Lex. s. φυζακινός); further λεπτίον `beaker' (pap.) from λεπτόν (sc. κεράμιον) `thin earthenware' (pap.), λεπτάγιον kind of vase? ( PHib. 1, 47, 13; III^a; acc. to the edd. perh. = λεπτόγειον `barren land'), λεπτάριον name of a medic. instrument (Herm. 38, 282); λεπτίτιδες κριθαί kind of barley (Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 113); λεπτότης f. `thinness, leanness etc.' (IA.), λεπτοσύνη `id.' (AP); λεπτύνω, - ομαι `make thin etc. resp. become' (Hp., X., Arist.) with λεπτυσμός, λέπτυνσις (Hp.), - υντικός (Dsc., Gal.). - 2. λεπρός `scaly, with eruption, uneven, raw' (Hp., Hippon., hell.), f. λεπράς (Theoc., Opp.); λέπρα, ion. - ρη `efflorescence, leprosy' (Ion., Arist., hell.), both prob. first from an ρ-stem (cf. Schwyzer 481); with λεπρώδης `with unevennesses, leprous' (Ael., Dsc., medic.), λεπρικός `regarding efflorescence' (Dsc., pap.); denomin. verbs λεπράω `become scaly, efflorescent' (Ion.), also λεπρ-ιάω (Dsc.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω); λεπρόομαι `become efflorescent' (LXX, pap.) with λέπρωσις = λέπρα (Tz.), λεπρύνομαι `besome scaly, uneven' (Nic.). - 3. λέπος n. (Alex., Nic., Luc.) with λέπιον (Hp.), usu. λεπίς, - ίδος f. (Ion. hell.) `scale, shell, pod, metal plate' with dimin. λεπίδιον (Hero), also as plant-name `pepperwort' (Dsc., Gal., Ath.; as remedy against efflorescence), λεπιδίσκη `id.' (Imbros II^a); further λεπιδ-ωτός `scaly' (Hdt., Arist.), with λεπιδόομαι `become scaly' (Hp.); other denomin.: λεπίζω (: λέπος or λεπίς) `remove the scale etc., peel off' (hell.) with λέπισμα `scale' (LXX, Dsc., Gal.); ἐλέπουν οἷον ἐλέπιζον. H. (: λεπόω, - έω); note λέπασμα `pod, skin' (sch. Nic. Th. 184); rather lengthened from λέπος as from *λεπάζω. - 4. On λεπάς, λέπας s. v. - 5. λέπῡρον `scale, pod' (LXX, Batr.) with λεπυρώδης `like scales' (Thphr.); λεπύρ-ιον `id.' (Hp., Arist., Theoc.), - ιώδης `like scales, consisting of...' (Arist., Thphr.), λεπυρίζομαι `be enveloped by a scale' (sch.), λεπυριῶσαι ἐξαχυριῶσαι H.; besides λεπῠρός `in a scale' (Nic.); on the υ-stem beside λέπρ-α, λέπος cf. e. g. αἶσχος. On itself stands λεπύχανον `coat (of an onion), fruit-schale' (Theopomp. Com., Plu., Dsc.), prob. popular cross with λάχανον, s. Strömberg Wortstudien 52. - B. With ο-grade. 6. λοπός m. `scale, rind' (τ 233, Hp.) with λόπιμος `easy to peel off', (Nic., Gal.), λόπιμα κάστανα... H.; Arbenz Adj. auf - ιμος 101; dimin. λοπάς f. `dish', also name of a crustacean and a plant-disease (com., Thphr., Luc.), with λοπάδ-ιον (com., pap.), - ίσκος (sch.); λοπίς `scale, dish etc.' (Ar., inscr.) with λοπίδιον (Delos); denomin. λοπάω `scale off, let the bark peel off' (Thphr.) with λοπητός m. `time to be peeled off' (Thphr.), λοπίζω `be peeled off' (Thphr., pap.). -7. On ἔλλοψ s. v. - C. With lengthened grade s. λώπη `pod, coat' (Od., Theoc., A. R.), λῶπος m. `id.' (Alc. [?], Hippon., Anacr., Herod.); as 1. member in λωπο-δύ-της m. "who travels in (foreign) clothes", `thief of clothes' with λωποδυτ-έω etc. (Att.); suffixless form λώψ χλαμύς H.; cf. Schwyzer 515, Chantraine Form. 424. Dimin. λώπιον (Arist., inscr.); denomin. ἀπο-, περι-λωπίζω `undress, put off' (S., Hyp.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The primary thematic present λέπω, from which all verbal forms were derived ( λέλαμμαι, - λαπῆναι innovations after ἔστραμμαι, στραφῆναι etc.), has no direct agreements outside Greek. There are a few nominal formations, which resemble the Greek forms: Lith. lãpas `leaf', Alb. lapë `rag, leaf, peritoneum' (: λοπός), Lith. lõpas `rag, piece' (: λῶπος; also OE lōf m. `band of the forehead'??, Holthausen IF 32, 340), with Russ. lápotь `shoe of bark' (lapotók `rag, piece'); quite doubtful OE leber, læfer f. `rush, cane, metal plate' (: λέπρα?; Holthausen IF 48, 255). With λέπος one compared also Lat. s-stem lepōs `fine-ness, delicacy', and the Slav. extension in Russ. lépest `rag, piece, leaf of a flower'. Given the productivity of these formations and the varying meanings we may have parallel creations. - Further, partly very doubtful and debated forms in WP. 2, 429f., Pok. 678, W.-Hofmann s. lepidus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. lãpas, lõpas, also lèpti `be coddled', Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. lépest, lápotь, lópotõk; with rich lit. - We can safely conclude that the verb is not IE: there is hardly a formal agreement, nor does the meaning agree well. So the verb will be Pre-Greek. Note the forms λεπάγιον, λεπακινός, λέπασμα, λέπυρον, λεπύχανον, λέπρα, λώψ, λῶπος etc. The verb may be compared with ὀλόπτω and ὀλούφω, which would also point to a non-IE word.

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