for+it+is+just+like

ἀπόλλυμι for its conjug. s. B-D-F §101 (s.v. ὄλλυμι); W-S. §14, 18; Rob. 317; fut. ἀπολέσω Hs 8, 7, 5; Att. ἀπολῶ 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14; ParJer 1:1, 8); 1 aor. ἀπώλεσα; 1 pf. ἀπολώλεκα. Mid.: fut. ἀπολοῦμαι Lk 13:3; 2 aor. ἀπωλόμην; the 2 pf. ἀπόλωλα functions as a pf. mid.; ptc. ἀπολωλώς (Hom.+).

① to cause or experience destruction

ⓐ act. ruin, destroy

α. of pers. (Sir 10:3) Mk 1:24; Lk 4:34. W. ref. to eternal destruction μὴ ἐκεῖνον ἀπόλλυε do not bring about his ruin Ro 14:15. Esp. kill, put to death (Gen 20:4; Esth 9:6 v.l.; 1 Macc 2:37; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 122; Mel., P. 84, 635 [Ch.] τὸν ἐχθρόν σου) Hs 9, 26, 7. παιδίον Mt 2:13; Jesus 12:14; 27:20; Mk 3:6; 11:18; Lk 19:47; B 12:5; the wicked tenants κακοὺς κακῶς ἀ. (s. κακός 1a) he will put the evildoers to a miserable death Mt 21:41. τοὺς γεωργούς Mk 12:9; Lk 20:16; τ. φονεῖς Mt 22:7; τ. μὴ πιστεύσαντας those who did not believe Jd 5; πάντας Lk 17:27, 29. W. σῶσαι (like Chariton 2, 8, 1) Js 4:12; Hs 9, 23, 4. Of eternal death (Herm. Wr. 4, 7; Tat. 11:2 ἀπώλεσεν ἡμᾶς τὸ αὐτέξουσιον) ψυχὴν κ. σῶμα ἀ. ἐν γεέννῃ Mt 10:28; ψυχήν B 20:1; τ. ψυχάς Hs 9, 26, 3 (cp. Sir 20:22).

β. w. impers. obj. ἀ. τ. σοφίαν τ. σοφῶν destroy the wisdom of the wise 1 Cor 1:19 (Is 29:14). ἀ. τ. διάνοιαν destroy the understanding Hm 11:1 (cp. Just., D. 93, 1 τὰς φυσικὰς ἐννοίας).

γ. without obj. J 10:10.

ⓑ mid. perish, be ruined

α. of pers. perish, die (schol. on Nicander, Ther. 188 ἀπόλλυται ὁ ἀνήρ=the man dies; Tat. 21, 2 τοὺς ἀνθρώπους … ἀπόλλυσθαι) 1 Cl 51:5; 55:6; B 5:4, 12; D 16:5; Hs 6, 2, 1f. As a cry of anguish ἀπολλύμεθα we are perishing! (Epict. 2, 19, 16 [in a storm-tossed vessel]; PPetr II, 4 [1], 4f νυνὶ δὲ ἀπολλύμεθα) Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Lk 8:24 (Arrian, Peripl. 3, 3 of disaster that the stormy sea brings to the seafarer). ἐν μαχαίρῃ ἀ. die by the sword Mt 26:52. λιμῷ of hunger (Ezk 34:29) Lk 15:17. τῇ ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε Jd 11c (because of 11a and b it should perh. = be corrupted; cp. Polyb. 32, 23, 6). ὑπό τινος (Hdt. 5. 126; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 12) ὑπὸ τ. ὄφεων killed by the snakes 1 Cor 10:9; cp. vs. 10. Abs. of a people perish J 11:50. Of individuals (Lev 23:30) Ac 5:37; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 12:6; 39:5 (Job 4:20).—Esp. of eternal death (cp. Ps 9:6f; 36:20; 67:3; 72:27; 82:18; 91:10; Is 41:11) J 3:16; 17:12. ἀπολέσθαι εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα perish forever 10:28 (Bar 3:3 ἡμεῖς ἀπολλύμενοι τὸν αἰῶνα). ἀνόμως ἀ. Ro 2:12; μωρῶς ἀ. IEph 17:2 (cp. ἀσκόπως Just., D. 8, 4); ἐν καυχήσει because of boasting ITr 4:1; cp. IPol 5:2. Abs. 1 Cor 8:11; 15:18; 2 Cl 17:1.—οἱ ἀπολλύμενοι (opp. οἱ σῳζόμενοι, as in Plut., Mor. 469d) those who are lost 1 Cor 1:18; 2 Cor 2:15; 4:3; 2 Th 2:10; 2 Cl 1:4; 2:5. For this τὸ ἀπολωλός Lk 19:10 (Mt 18:10 v.l.—Ezk 34:4, 16). τὰ ἀπολλύμενα 2 Cl 2:7 (cp. SIG 417, 9 τὰ τε ἀπολωλότα ἐκ τ. ἱεροῦ ἀνέσωσαν). S. also 3b end.

β. of things be lost, pass away, be ruined (Jos., Bell. 2, 650 of Jerusalem; Tat. 17, 2 πάθος … ἀπολλύμενον) of bursting wineskins Mt 9:17; Mk 2:22; Lk 5:37; fading beauty Js 1:11; transitory beauty of gold 1 Pt 1:7. AcPl Ha 2, 24; [χρυσὸς]| γὰρ ἀπόλλυται 9:8f; passing splendor Rv 18:14 (w. ἀπό as Jer 10:11; Da 7:17). Of earthly food J 6:27; spoiled honey Hm 5, 1, 5; σαρκὸς ἀπολλυμένης AcPlCor 2:15. Of the heavens which, like the earth, will pass away Hb 1:11 (Ps 101:27). Of the end of the world Hv 4, 3, 3, Of the way of the godless, which is lost in darkness B 11:7 (Ps 1:6). μὴ … τὸ μνημόσυνον [ὑμῶν]| ἀπόλιτε (read ἀπόληται) AcPl Ha 1, 22f.

② to fail to obtain what one expects or anticipates, lose out on, lose (X., Pla.+; PPetr III, 51, 5; POxy 743, 23; PFay 111, 3ff; Sir 6:3; 9:6; 27:16 al.; Tob 7:6 BA; 4 Macc 2:14; Tat. 8, τὸν ἐρώμενον; 15, 1) τ. μισθόν lose the reward Mt 10:42; Mk 9:41; Hs 5, 6, 7. δραχμήν (Dio Chrys. 70 [20], 25) Lk 15:8f; ἀ. ἃ ἠργασάμεθα lose what we have worked for 2J 8. διαθήκην B 4:7, 8. τὴν ζωὴν τ. ἀνθρώπων Hm 2:1; cp. Hs 8, 6, 6; 8, 7, 5; 8, 8, 2f and 5. τὴν ἐλπίδα m 5, 1, 7.

③ to lose someth. that one already has or be separated from a normal connection, lose, be lost

ⓐ act. w. colloq. flavor ἵνα πᾶν ὸ̔ δέδωκέν μοι μή ἀπολέσω ἐξ αὐτοῦ that I should lose nothing of all that he has given me J 6:39 (B-D-F §466, 3 on Semitic assoc.; Rob. 437; 753).—ἀ. τὴν ψυχήν (cp. Sir 20:22) lose one’s life Mt 10:39; 16:25; Mk 8:35; Lk 9:24; 17:33; cp. J 12:25. For this ἀ. ἑαυτόν lose oneself Lk 9:25 (similar in form is Tyrtaeus [VII B.C.], Fgm. 8 Diehl² lines 11–14: ‘One who risks his life in battle has the best chance of saving it; one who flees to save it is most likely to lose it’).

ⓑ mid. (Antiphon: Diels, Vorsokrat. 87, Fgm. 54 ἀπολόμενον ἀργύριον; X., Symp. 1, 5; 1 Km 9:3; Tat. 9, 2) ISm 10:1. Of falling hair Lk 21:18; Ac 27:34; a member or organ of the body Mt 5:29f; remnants of food J 6:12. Of wine that has lost its flavor Hm 12, 5, 3.—Of sheep gone astray Mt 10:6; 15:24; Lk 15:4, 6; B 5:12 (cp. Jer 27:6; Ezk 34:4; Ps 118:176). Of a lost son Lk 15:24 (Artem. 4, 33 ἡ γυνὴ … τ. υἱὸν ἀπώλεσε καὶ … εὗρεν αὐτόν); of humanity in general ἀπολλύμενος ἐζητήθη ἵνα ζωοποιηθῇ διὰ τῆς υἱοθεσίας when lost, humanity was sought, so that it might regain life through acceptance into sonship AcPlCor 2:8 (cp. 1bα.—JSchniewind, D. Gleichn. vom verl. Sohn ’40). ἀ. θεῷ be lost to God Hs 8, 6, 4 (cod. A for ἀπέθανον).—B. 758. DELG s.v. ὄλλυμι. M-M. TW.

πρός, Prep., expressing direction,

A on the side of, in the direction of, hence c. gen., dat., and acc., from, at, to: [dialect] Ep. also [full] προτί and [full] ποτί, in Hom. usually c. acc., more rarely c. dat., and each only once c. gen., Il.11.831, 22.198:—dialectal forms: [dialect] Dor.[full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] ποί, but Cret. [full] πορτί Leg.Gort.5.44, etc., Argive [full] προτ( [full] ί) Schwyzer 84.3 (found at Tylisus, V B.C.), restored in Mnemos.57.208(Argos, vi B.C.), and in Alcm.30; Arc., Cypr. [full] πός SIG306.11 (Tegea, iv B.C.), Inscr.Cypr. 135.19H., also sts. in Asia Minor in compds., v. ποσάγω, ποσφέρω; [dialect] Aeol. [full] πρός Sapph.69 ([etym.] προς-), 109, Alc.20 (s. v.l.); [full] πρές Jo.Gramm. Comp.3.10; Pamphylian περτ ([etym.] ί) Schwyzer 686.7, 686a4. (With [full] προτί, [full] πρός cf. Skt. práti 'towards, near to, against, back, etc.', Slav. protiv[ucaron], Lett. pret 'against', Lat. pretium: [full] ποτί (q. v.) and [full] πός are not cogn.) A. WITH GEN., πρός refers to that from which something comes:

I of Place, from,

ἵκετο ἠὲ π. ἠοίων ἦ ἑσπερίων ἀνθρώπων Od. 8.29

;

τὸν π. Σάρδεων ἤλεκτρον S.Ant. 1037

(v.l.).

2 on the side of, towards, νήσοισι πρὸς Ἤλιδος towards Elis, Od.21.347; π. ἁλός, π. Θύμβρης, Il.10.428, 430;

εἶναι π. θαλάσσης Hdt.2.154

;

ἱδρῦσθαι π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου Id.8.120

;

ἐστρατοπεδεύοντο π. Ὀλύνθου Th.1.62

, etc.; φυλακαὶ π. Αἰθιόπων, π. Ἀραβίων, π. Διβύης, on the frontier towards the Ethiopians, etc., Hdt.2.30: freq. with words denoting the points of the compass, δύω θύραι εἰσίν, αἱ μὲν π. βορέαο, αἱ δ' αὖ π. νότου one on the north side, the other on the south side, Od.13.110;

οἰκέουσι π. νότου ἀνέμου Hdt.3.101

; π. ἄρκτου τε καὶ βορέω ἀνέμου κατοικημένοι ib. 102; π. μεσαμβρίης ib. 107; π. τοῦ Τμώλου τετραμμένον τῆς πόλιος (in such phrases the acc. is more common) Id.1.84;

π. Πλαταιῶν Th. 3.21

;

π. Νεμέας Id.5.59

; ἀπὸ τῆσδε τῆς ὁδοῦ τὸ π. τοῦ λιμένος ἅπαν everything on the harbour- ward side of this road, IG12.892: combined with π. c. acc.,

π. ἠῶ τε καὶ τοῦ Τανάϊδος Hdt.4.122

;

τὸν μέν π. βορέω ἑστεῶτα, τὸν δὲ π. νότον Id.2.121

, cf. 4.17.

3 before, in presence of,

μάρτυροι ἔστων π. τε θεῶν μακάρων π. τε θνητῶν ἀνθρώπων Il.1.339

;

οὐδ' ἐπιορκήσω π. δαίμονος 19.188

; ποίτοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος .. ὑπίσχομαι prob. in IG22.1126.7 (Amphict. Delph., iv B. C.); ὑποσχομένους πρὸς τοῦ Διός ib.1237.16: hence,

b in the eyes of,

ἄδικον οὐδὲν οὔτε π. θεῶν οὔτε π. ἀνθρώπων Th.1.71

, cf. X.An.1.6.6, etc.; ὅσιος π. θεῶν Lex ap.And.1.97; κατειπάτω.. ἁγνῶς π. τοῦ θεοῦ if he wishes to be pure in the sight of the god, SIG986.9, cf. 17 (Chios, v/iv B. C.);

ὁ γὰρ καιρὸς π. ἀνθρώπων βραχὺ μέτρον ἔχει Pi.P.4.286

.

4 in supplication or adjuration, before, and so, in the name of,

σε.. γουνάζομαι.. π. τ' ἀλόχου καὶ πατρός Od.11.67

;

π. θεῶν πατρῴων S.Ant. 839

(lyr.), etc.; ἱκετεύω, ἀντιβολῶ π. παίδων, π. γυναικῶν, etc., D.28.20, etc.: the verb is freq. omitted with π. θεῶν or τῶν θεῶν, E.Hec. 551, S.OT 1037, Ar.V. 760;

π. τοῦ Διός Id.Av. 130

: less freq. with other words,

π. τῆς ἑστίας E.Fr.953.39

;

π. Χαρίτων Luc.Hist.Conscr.14

;

μὴ π. γενείου S.El. 1208

;

μὴ π. ξενίας τᾶς σᾶς Id.OC 515

(lyr.): sts. in questions, π. θεῶν, τίς οὕτως εὐήθης ἐστίν; in heaven's name, D.1.15;

π. τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς.. ; Din.1.45

;

ἆρ' οὖν, ὦ π. Διός,.. ; Pl.R. 459a

, cf. Ap. 26e: sts. in Trag. with the pron. σε between prep. and case,

π. νύν σε πατρὸς π. τε μητρός.. ἱκνοῦμαι S.Ph. 468

;

μὴ π. σε γονάτων E.Med. 324

.

5 of origin or descent, from, on the side of, γένος ἐξ Ἁλικαρνησσοῦ τὰ π. πατρός by the father's side, Hdt.7.99;

Ἀθηναῖον.. καὶ τὰ π. πατρὸς καὶ τὰ π. μητρός D.57.17

, cf. Isoc.3.42, SIG1015.7 (Halic.); πρόγονοι ἢ π. ἀνδρῶν ἢ γυναικῶν in the male or female line, Pl.Tht. 173d;

ὁ πατὴρ π. μὲν ἀνδρῶν ἦν τῶν Εὐπατριδῶν Isoc.16.25

;

οἱ συγγενεῖς τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ π. ἀνδρῶν καὶ π. γυναικῶν D.57.23

; οἱ π. αἵματος blood-relations, S.Aj. 1305;

ἢ φίλων τις ἢ π. αἵματος φύσιν Id.El. 1125

.

II of effects proceeding from what cause soever:

1 from, at the hand of, with Verbs of having, receiving, etc.,

ὡς ἂν.. τιμὴν καὶ κῦδος ἄρηαι π. πάντων Δαναῶν Il.16.85

, cf. 1.160, etc.;

τιμὴν π. Ζηνὸς ἔχοντες Od.11.302

;

δίδοι οἱ.. χάριν ποτ' ἀστῶν καὶ ποτὶ ξείνων Pi.O.7.90

;

ἄνθεα τιμῆς πρὸς θνητῶν ἀνελέσθαι Emp.4.7

;

φυλακῆς π. δήμου κυρῆσαι Hdt.1.59

;

τυχεῖν τινος π. θεῶν A.Th. 550

, cf. S.Aj. 527;

λαχὼν π. δαιμόνων ὄλβον Pi.N.9.45

;

κακόν τι π. θεῶν ἢ π. ἀνθρώπων λαβεῖν Hdt.2.139

, etc.;

μανθάνειν π. ἀστῶν S.OC13

: with passive Verbs, προτὶ Ἀχιλλῆος δεδιδάχθαι to have been taught by.., Il.11.831, cf. S.OT 357;

ἄριστα πεποίηται.. πρὸς Τρώων Il.6.57

; αἴσχε' ἀκούω π. Τρώων ib. 525, cf. Heraclit.79;

ταῦτα.. π. τούτου κλύειν S.OT 429

;

οὐ λέγεται π. οὐδαμῶν Hdt.1.47

; ἀτιμάζεσθαι, τετιμῆσθαι π. τινῶν, ib.61,2.75; also

λόγου οὐδενὸς γίνεσθαι π. τινῶν Id.1.120

; παθεῖν τι π. τινός at the hand of, ib.73;

π. ἀλλήλοιν θανεῖν E. Ph. 1269

, cf. S.OT 1237; π. τῆς τύχης ὄλωλεν ib. 949;

τὸ ποιεύμενον π. τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων Hdt.7.209

;

αἰτηθέντες π. τινὸς χρήματα Id.8.111

;

ἱμέρου βέλει π. σοῦ τέθαλπται A.Pr. 650

: with an Adj. or Subst.,

τιμήεσσα π. πόσιος Od.18.162

;

ἐπίφθονος π. τῶν πλεόνων ἀνθρώπων Hdt.7.139

;

ἔρημος π. φίλων S.Ant. 919

;

ἀπαθὴς π. ἀστῶν Pi.P.4.297

;

πειθὼ π. τινός S.El. 562

;

π. Τρώων.. κλέος εἶναι Il.22.514

; ἄρκεσις π. ἀνδρός, δόξα π. ἀνθρώπων, S.OC73, E.Heracl. 624 (lyr.);

ἐλίπετο ἀθάνατον μνήμην π. Ἑλλησποντίων Hdt.4.144

: with an Adv., οἶμαι γὰρ ἂν οὐκ ἀχαρίστως μοι ἔχειν οὔτε π. ὑμῶν οὔτε π. τῆς Ἑλλάδος I shall meet with no ingratitude at your hands, X.An.2.3.18, cf. Pl.R. 463d.

2 of things, π. τίνος ποτ' αἰτίας [τέθνηκεν]; from of by what cause? S.OT 1236; π. ἀμπλακημάτων by or by reason of.., Id.Ant.51.

III of dependence or close connexion: hence,

1 dependent on one, under one's protection,

π. Διός εἰσι ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε Od.6.207

,14.57; δικασπόλοι, οἵ τε θέμιστας π. Διὸς εἰρύαται by commission from him, Il.1.239; π. ἄλλης ἱστὸν ὑφαίνοις at the bidding of another, 6.456.

2 on one's side, in one's favour, Hdt.1.75, 124, S.OT 1434, Tr. 479, etc.;

π. τῶν ἐχόντων.. τὸν νόμον τίθης E.Alc. 57

.

IV of that which is derivable from: hence, agreeable to, becoming, like,

τὰ τοιαῦτα ἔργα οὐ π. τοῦ ἅπαντος ἀνδρὸς νενόμικα γίνεσθαι, ἀλλὰπ. ψυχῆς τε ἀγαθῆς καὶ ῥώμης ἀνδρηΐης Hdt.7.153

, cf.5.12; ἦ κάρτα π. γυναικὸς αἴρεσθαι κέαρ 'tis very like a woman, A.Ag. 592, cf. 1636;

οὐ π. ἰατροῦ σοφοῦ θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδάς S.Aj. 581

, cf. Ar.V. 369, E.Hel. 950, etc.;

π. σοῦ ἐστι Id.HF 585

, etc.;

οὐκ ἦν π. τοῦ Κύρου τρόπου X.An. 1.2.11

, etc.: of qualities, etc.,

π. δυσσεβείας A.Ch. 704

; π. δίκης οὐδὲν τρέμων agreeably to justice, S.OT 1014, cf.El. 1211;

οὐ π. τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης Th.3.59

; ἐάν τι ἡμῖν π. λόγου ᾖ if it be at all to our purpose, Pl.Grg. 459c;

εἰ τόδε π. τρόπου λέγω

correctly,

Id.R. 470c

; but π. τρόπου τι ὠνεῖσθαι buy at a reasonable price, Thphr.Char.30.12;

τὰ γενήματα π. ἐλάσσονος τιμᾶς πωλῶν IG5(2).515.14

([place name] Lycosura); π. ἀγαθοῦ, π. κακοῦ τινί ἐστι or γίγνεται, it is to one's advantage or otherwise, Arist.Mu. 397a30, Arr.An.7.16.5, Hld.7.12; π. ἀτιμίας λαβεῖν τι to take a thing as an insult, regard it so, Plu.Cic.13;

π. δέους λαβεῖν τι Id.Flam.7

; λαβεῖν τι π. ὀργῆς (v.l. ὀργήν) J.AJ8.1.3; μοι π. εὐκλείας γένοιτο ib. 18.7.7; τῷ δήμῳ π. αἰσχύνης ἂν ἦν, π. ὀνείδους ἂν ἦν τῇ πόλει, Lib.Decl.43.27,28.

B WITH DAT., it expresses proximity, hard by, near, at,

ποτὶ γαίῃ Od.8.190

, 11.423;

ποτὶ γούνασι Il.5.408

; ποτὶ δρυσίν among the oaks, 14.398 (nisi leg. περί)

; πρὸς ἄκμονι χαλκεύειν Pi.P.1.86

; ποτὶ γραμμᾷ στᾶσαί τινα ib.9.118; ἄγκυραν ποτὶ ναΐ κρημνάντων ib.4.24;

δῆσαί τινα πρὸς φάραγγι A.Pr.15

;

νεὼς καμούσης ποντίῳ π. κύματι Id.Th. 210

;

π. μέσῃ ἀγορᾷ S.Tr. 371

;

π. Ἀργείων στρατῷ Id.Aj.95

;

π. πέδῳ κεῖται Id.OT 180

(lyr.); θακεῖν π. ναοῖς ib.20, cf. A.Eu. 855;

π. ἡλίου ναίουσι πηγαῖς Id.Pr. 808

;

π. τῇ γῇ ναυμαχεῖν Th. 7.34

; ἐς μάχην καθίστασθαι π. (v.l. ὑπ')

αὐτῇ τῇ πόλει Id.2.79

;

τεῖχος π. τῇ θαλάσσῃ Id.3.105

;

αἱ π. θαλάττῃ πόλεις X.HG4.8.1

; τὸ π. Αἰγίνῃ στράτευμα off Aegina, Th.1.105; Αίβυες οἱ π. Αἰγύπτῳ bordering on.., ib. 104; τὸ π. ποσί that which is close to the feet, before one, S.OT 130, etc.; θρηνεῖν ἐπῳδὰς π... πήματι over it, Id.Aj. 582; αἱ π. τῇ βάσει γωνίαι the angles at the base, Euc.1.5,al.;

τὴν π. τῷ.. ιερῷ κρήνην IG22.338.13

, cf. SIG1040.15 (Piraeus, iv B. C.), al.

2 before, in the presence of, π. τοῖς θεσμοθέταις, π. τῷ διαιτητῇ λέγειν, D. 20.98,39.22;

ὅσα π. τοῖς κριταῖς γέγονεν Id.21.18

;

π. διαιτητῇ φεύγειν Id.22.28

.

3 with Verbs denoting motion towards a place, upon, against,

ποτὶ δὲ σκῆπτρον βάλε γαίῃ Il.1.245

, Od.2.80;

με βάλῃ.. ποτὶ πέτρῃ 5.415

, cf. 7.279, 9.284;

νῆας ποτὶ σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν 3.298

, cf. 5.401; λιαζόμενον ποτὶ γαίῃ sinking on the ground, Il.20.420;

ἴσχοντες πρὸς ταῖς πόλεσι Th.7.35

.

4 sts. with a notion of clinging closely, προτὶ οἷ λάβε clasped to him, Il.20.418;

προτὶ οἷ εἷλε 21.507

;

πρὸς ἀλλήλῃσιν ἔχονται Od.5.329

;

προσπεπλασμένας.. π. ὄρεσι Hdt.3.111

; π. δμῳαῖσι κλίνομαι fall into the arms of.., S.Ant. 1189;

π. τινί

close to,

Men. Epit. 204

.

II to express close engagement, at the point of,

π. αὐτῷ γ' εἰμὶ τῷ δεινῷ λέγειν S.OT 1169

; engaged in or about,

π. τῷ εἰρημένῳ λόγῳ ἦν Pl.Phd. 84c

, cf. Phdr. 249c, 249d;

ἂν π. τῷ σκοπεῖν.. γένησθε D.18.176

;

ἀεὶ π. ᾧ εἴη ἔργῳ, τοῦτο ἔπραττεν X. HG4.8.22

; διατρίβειν or σχολάζειν π. τινί, Epicr.11.3 (anap.), Arist. Pol. 1308b36 (but

π. ταῦτα ἐσχόλασα X.Mem.3.6.6

);

ὅλος εἶναι π. τῷ λήμματι D.19.127

;

π. τῇ ἀνάγκῃ ταύτῃ γίγνεσθαι Aeschin.1.74

; τὴν διάνοιαν, τὴν γνώμην ἔχειν π. τινί, Pl.R. 500b, Aeschin.3.192; κατατάξαι αὐτὸν π. γράμμασιν, i.e. give him a post as clerk, PCair.Zen. 342.3 (iii B. C.);

ὁ π. τοῖς γράμμασι τεταγμένος Plb.15.27.7

, cf. 5.54.7, D.S.2.29,3.22;

ἐπιμελητὴς π. τῇ εἰκασίᾳ τοῦ σησάμου PTeb.713.2

, cf.709.1 (ii B. C.).

III to express union or addition, once in Hom., ἄασάν μ' ἕταροί τε κακοὶ π. τοῖσί τε ὕπνος and besides them sleep, Od.10.68;

π. τοῖς παροῦσιν ἄλλα

in addition to,

A.Pr. 323

, cf. Pers. 531, Xenoph.8.3. Emp.59.3;

ἄλλους π. ἑαυτῷ Th.1.90

; π. ταῖς ἡμετέραις [τριήρεσι] Id.6.90;

δέκα μῆνας π. ἄλλοις πέντε S.Tr.45

;

τρίτος.. π. δέκ' ἄλλαισιν γοναῖς A.Pr. 774

; κυβερνήτης π. τῇ σκυτοτομίᾳ in addition to his trade of leather-cutter, Pl.R. 397e: freq. with neut. Adjs., π. τῷ νέῳ ἁπαλός besides his youth, Id.Smp. 195c, cf. Tht. 185e;

π. τῷ βλαβερῷ καὶ ἀηδέστατον Id.Phdr. 240b

; π. τούτοισι besides this, Hdt.2.51, cf. A.Pers. 237 (troch.), etc.; rarely in sg.,

π. τούτῳ Hdt.1.31

,41; π. τοῖς ἄλλοις besides all the rest, Th.2.61, etc.:—cf. the Advb. usage, infr. D.

C WITH ACCUS., it expresses motion or direction towards an object:

I of Place, towards, to, with Verbs of Motion,

ἰέναι π. Ὄλυμπον Il.1.420

; ἰέναι π. δώματα, etc., Od.2.288, etc.;

ἰέναι π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε Il.12.239

; φέρειν προτὶ ἄστυ, ἄγειν προτὶ Ἴλιον, etc., 13.538, 657, etc.; ἄγεσθαιπρὸς οἶκον, ἐρύεσθαι ποτὶ Ἴλιον, 9.147,18.174; ὠθεῖν, δίεσθαι προτὶ ἄστυ, 16.45, 15.681, etc.;

ῥίπτασκε ποτὶ νέφεα Od.8.374

;

βαλεῖν ποτὶ πέτρας 12.71

;

κυλινδόμενα προτὶ χέρσον 9.147

; ἀπῆλθε πρὸς ἑαυτόν returned to his home, LXX Nu.24.25; κληθῆναι π. τὸ δεῖπνον (rarer than ἐπὶ δεῖπνον) Plu. Cat.Ma.3.

2 with Verbs implying previous motion, upon, against, π. τεῖχος, π. κίονα ἐρείσας, Il.22.112, Od.8.66;

ἅρματα.. ἔκλιναν π. ἐνώπια Il.8.435

;

ἔγχος ἔστησε π. κίονα Od.1.127

;

ποτὶ τοῖχον ἀρηρότες 2.342

;

ποτὶ βωμὸν ἵζεσθαι 22.334

;

πρὸς γοῦνα καθέζετό τινος 18.395

;

π. ἄλλοτ' ἄλλον πημονὴ προσιζάνει A.Pr. 278

;

τὰ πολλὰ πατρὸς π. τάφον κτερίσματα S.El. 931

; χῶρον π. αὐτὸν τόνδ' dub. in Id.Ph.23; later,

ἔστη π. τὸν στῦλον LXX 4 Ki.23.3

;

ὁ ὄχλος π. τὴν θάλασσαν ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς ἦσαν Ev.Marc.4.1

; π. ὑμᾶς παραμενῶ with you, 1 Ep.Cor.16.6;

ἐκήδευσαν τὸν.. πατέρα.. π. τοὺς λοιποὺς συγγενεῖς

beside,

Supp.Epigr.6.106

([place name] Cotiaeum).

b of addition,

ποὶ τὰν στάλαν ποιγραψάνσθω τάδε SIG56.46

(Argos, v B. C.);

ἵππον προσετίθει πρὸς τοὔνομα Ar.Nu.63

, cf. Hdt.6.125, X.HG1.5.6, Pl.Phlb. 33c, Arist.Rh. 1359b28; προσεδαπάνησε π. τὸ μερισθὲν αὐτῷ εἰς τὸ ἔλαιον ἐκ τῶν ἰδίων over and above the sum allotted to him, IG22.1227.9; προσετέθη π. τὸν λαὸν αὐτοῦ was gathered to his people, LXX Ge.49.33.

3 with Verbs of seeing, looking, etc., towards,

ἰδεῖν π. τινά Od.12.244

, al.; ὁρᾶν, ἀποβλέπειν π. τι or τινά, A.Supp. 725, Ar.Ach. 291, etc.;

ἀνταυγεῖ π. Ὄλυμπον Emp.44

; στάντε ποτὶ πνοιήν so as to face it, Il.11.622 (similarly, πέτονται πρὸς τὸ πνεῦμα against the wind, Arist.HA 597a32); κλαίεσκε π. οὐρανόν cried to heaven, Il.8.364: freq. of points of the compass, π. ζόφον κεῖσθαι lie towards the West, Od.9.26;

ναίειν π. ἠῶ τ' ἠέλιόν τε 13.240

;

στάντα π. πρώτην ἕω S.OC 477

; so in Prose,

π. ἠῶ τε καὶ ἡλίου ἀνατολάς Hdt. 1.201

, cf. 4.40;

π. βορέην τε καὶ νότον Id.2.149

; also

ἀκτὴ π. Τυρσηνίην τετραμμένη τῆς Σικελίης Id.6.22

(v. supr. A. 1.2); π. ἥλιον facing the sun, and so, in the sunlight, Ar.V. 772; so π. λύχνον by lamplight, Id. Pax 692, Jul.Ep.4;

π. τὸ λύχνον Hippon.22

Diehl, cf. Arist.Mete. 375a27;

πὸτ τὸ πῦρ Ar.Ach. 751

;

πρὸς τὸ πῦρ Pl.R. 372d

, cf. Arist.Pr. 870a21; π. φῶς in open day, S.El. 640; but, by torch-light, Plu.2.237a.

4 in hostile sense, against,

π. Τρῶας μάχεαι Il.17.471

;

ἐστρατόωνθ'.. π. τείχεα Θήβης 4.378

; π. δαίμονα against his will, 17.98;

βεβλήκει π. στῆθος 4.108

;

γούνατ' ἐπήδα π. ῥόον ἀΐσσοντος 21.303

;

χρὴ π. θεὸν οὐκ ἐρίζειν Pi.P.2.88

;

π. τοὐμὸν σπέρμα χωρήσαντα S.Tr. 304

;

ἐπιέναι π. τινάς Th.2.65

;

ὅσα ἔπραξαν οἱ Ἕλληνες π. τε ἀλλήλους καὶ τὸν βάρβαρον Id.1.118

;

ἀγωνίζεσθαι π. τινά Pl.R. 579c

;

ἀντιτάττεσθαι π. πόλιν X.Cyr.3.1.18

: also in argument, in reply to,

ταῦτα π. τὸν Πιττακὸν εἴρηται Pl.Prt. 345c

; and so in the titles of judicial speeches, πρός τινα in reply to, less strong than κατά τινος against or in accusation, D.20 tit., etc.;

μήτε π. ἐμὲ μήτε κατ' ἐμοῦ δίκην εἶναι Is.11.34

.

5 without any hostile sense,

π. ἀλλήλους ἔπεα πτερόεντ' ἀγόρευον Il.3.155

,cf.5.274,11.403,17.200;

π.ξεῖνον φάσθαι ἔπος ἠδ' ἐπακοῦσαι Od.17.584

; λέγειν, εἰπεῖν, φράζειν π. τινά, Hdt. 1.8,90, Ar.V. 335, Nu. 359;

ἀπαγγεῖλαι π. τινάς A.Ch. 267

;

μνησθῆναι π. τινά Lys.1.19

, etc.;

ἀμείψασθαι π. τινά Hdt.8.60

codd.;

ἀποκρίνεσθαι π. τινάς Ar.Ach. 632

, Th.5.42; ὤμοσε δὲ π. ἔμ' αὐτόν he swore to me, Od.14.331: π. sts. governs the reflex. pron.,

διαλογίζεσθαι π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς Is.7.45

; ἀναμνήσθητε, ἐνθυμήθητε π. ὑμᾶς αὐτούς, Isoc.6.52, 15.60;

π. ἐμαυτὸν.. ἐλογιζόμην Pl.Ap. 21d

; μινύρεσθαι, ἄδειν π. ἑαυτόν, Ar.Ec. 880, 931;

ἐπικωκύω.. αὐτὴ π. αὑτήν S.El. 285

.

b π. σφέας ἔχειν δοκέουσι, i.e. they think they are pregnant, Hp.Nat.Puer. 30.

6 of various kinds of intercourse or reciprocal action, π... Διομήδεα τεύχε' ἄμειβεν changed arms with Diomedes, Il.6.235;

ὅσα.. ξυμβόλαια.. ἦν τοῖς ἰδιώταις π. τοὺς ἰδιώτας ἢ ἰδιώτῃ π. τὸ κοινόν IG12.116.19

; σπονδάς, συνθήκας ποιεῖσθαι π. τινά, Th.4.15, Plb.1.17.6;

ξυγχωρεῖν π. τινάς Th.2.59

;

γίγνεται ὁμολογία π. τινάς Id.7.82

, cf. Hdt. 1.61;

π. τινὰς ξυμμαχίαν ποιεῖς θαι Th.5.22

;

π. ἀλλήλους ἡσυχίαν εἶχον καὶ π. τοὺς ἄλλους.. εἰρήνην ἦγον Isoc.7.51

;

π. ἀλλήλους ἔχθραι τε καὶ στέργηθρα A.Pr. 491

; also

σαίνειν ποτὶ πάντας Pi.P.2.82

, cf. O.4.6;

παίζειν πρός τινας E.HF 952

, etc.;

ἀφροδισιάζειν π. τινά X.Mem.1.3.14

;

ἀγαθὸς γίγνεσθαι π. τινά Th.1.86

;

εὐσεβὴς π. τινὰς πέλειν A.Supp. 340

; διαλέγεσθαι π. τινά converse with.., X.Mem.1.6.1, Aeschin.2.38,40, 3.219;

κοινοῦσθαι π. τινάς Pl.Lg. 930c

;

π. τοὺς οἰκέτας ἀνακοινοῦσθαι περὶ τῶν μεγίστων Thphr.Char.4.2

; διαλογίζεσθαι π. τινά balance accounts with.., D.52.3, cf. SIG241.127 (Delph., iv B. C.);

ἃ ἔχει διελόμενος π. τὸν ἀδελφόν IG12(7).55.8

(Amorgos, iv/iii B. C.), cf. D. 47.34.

b in phrases of the form ἡ π. τινὰ εὔνοια (ἔχθρα, etc.), π. sts. means towards, as ἡ π. αὑτοὺς φιλία the affection of their wives towards or for them, X.Cyr.3.1.39;

ἡ π. ὑμᾶς ἔχθρα Id.HG3.5.10

;

ἡ ἀπέχθεια ἡ π. τοὺς πλουσίους Arist.Pol. 1305a23

;

τὴν π. τοὺς τετελευτηκότας εὔνοιαν ὑπάρχουσαν D.18.314

, cf. SIG352.13 (Ephesus, iv/iii B. C.), al.;

φυσικαὶ τοκέων στοργαὶ π. τέκνα ποθεινά IG12(5).305.13

([place name] Paros): but sts. at the hands of, ἡ π. τὸ θεῖον εὐμένεια the favour of the gods, Th.5.105; φθόνος τοῖς ζῶσι π. τὸ ἀντίπαλον jealousy is incurred by the living at the hands of their rivals, Id.2.45; τὴν ἀπέχθειαν τὴν π. Θηβαίους.. τῇ πόλει γενέσθαι the hostility incurred by Athens at the hands of the Thebans, D.18.36, cf.6.3, 19.85; τῇ φιλίᾳ τῇ π. τὸν τετελευτηκότα the friendship with (not 'affection for') the deceased, Is.1.17, cf. Pl.Ap. 21c, 28a, Isoc.15.101,19.50, Lycurg.135, Din.1.19, etc.;

τίνος ὄντος ἐμοὶ π. ὑμᾶς ἐγκλήματος; Lys.10.23

, cf. 16.10;

τιμώμενος.. διὰ τὴν π. ὑμᾶς πίστιν Din.3.12

, cf. Lys.12.67, D.20.25; τῷ φόβῳ τῷ π. ὑμᾶς the fear inspired by you, Id.25.93; τῇ π. Ῥωμαίους εὐνοία his popularity with the Romans, Plb.23.7.5.

7 of legal or other business transacted before a magistrate, witness, etc.,

τάδε ὁ σύλλογος ἐβουλεύσατο.. π. μνήμονας SIG45.8

(Halic., v B. C.), cf. IG7.15.1 (Megara, ii B. C.); γράφεσθαι αὐτὸν κλοπῆς.. π. τοὺς ἐπιμελητάς ib.12.65.46; ἀτέλειαν εἶναι αὐτῷ καὶ δίκας π. τὸν πολέμαρχον ib.153.7; λόγον διδόντων τῶν.. χρημάτων.. π. τοὺς λογιστάς ib.91.27; before a jury,

ἔστι δὲ τούτοις μὲν π. ὑμᾶς ἁγών, ὑμῖν δὲ π. ἅπασαν τὴν πόλιν Lys. 26.14

;

ἀντιδικῆσαι τῷ παιδὶ.. π. ὑμᾶς Is.11.19

codd. (dub.); before a witness to whom an appeal for corroboration is made, Id.3.25;

ὀμόσαντες πὸ (τ) τὸν θεόν Schwyzer 418.11

([place name] Elis); φέρρεν αὐτὸν πὸ (τ) τὸν Δία in the eyes of Zeus, ib.415.7(ibid.); λαχεῖν πρὸς τὸν ἄρχοντα, γράφεσθαι π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας, D.43.15, Lex ib.21.47, cf. Arist.Ath.56.6;

τοῖς ἐμπόροις εἶναι τὰς δίκας π. τοὺς θεσμοθέτας D.33.1

; θέντων τὰ.. ποτήρια.. π. Πολύχαρμον having pawned the cups with P., IPE12.32A15 (Olbia, iii B. C.); also

διαβάλλειν τινὰ π. τοὺς πολλούς X. Mem. 1.2.31

, cf. D.7.33.

II of Time, towards or near a certain time, at or about,

ποτὶ ἕσπερα Od.17.191

;

ποτὶἕσπερον Hes.Op. 552

;

πρὸς ἑσπέραν Pl.R. 328a

;

ἐπεὶ π. ἑσπέραν ἦν X.HG4.3.22

;

π. ἡμέραν Id.An.4.5.21

;

π. ὄρθρον Ar.Lys. 1089

; ποτ' ὄρθρον (nisi leg. πότορθρον) Theoc.5.126, Erinn. in PSI9.1090.48 + 8 (p.xii);

πρὸς ἕω Ar.Ec. 312

; π.ἀῶ ἐγρέσθαι, π. ἡμέραν ἐξεγρέσθαι, Theoc.18.55, Pl.Smp. 223c; π. γῆρας, π. τὸ γῆρας, in old age, E.Med. 592, Pl.Lg. 653a; π. εὐάνθεμον φυάν in the bloom of life, Pi.O.1.67; μέχρις ὅτου π. γυναῖκας ὦσι, i.e.of marriageable age, IG22.1368.41: later, π.τὸ παρόν for the moment, Luc.Ep. Sat.28, etc.; v. infr. 111.5.

III of Relation between two objects,

1 in reference to, in respect of, touching, τὰ π. τὸν πόλεμον military matters, equipments, etc., Th.2.17, etc.; τὰ π. τὸν βασιλέα our relations to the King, D.14.2; τὰ π. βασιλέα πράγματα the negotiations with the King, Th.1.128; τὰ π. τοὺς θεούς our relations, i.e. duties, to the gods, S.Ph. 1441;

μέτεστι π. τὰ ἴδια διάφορα πᾶσι τὸ ἴσον.. ἐλευθέρως δὲ τὰ π. τὸ κοινὸν πολιτεύομεν Th.2.37

;

οὐδὲν διοίσει π. τὸ γενέσθαι..

in respect of..,

Arist.APr. 24a25

, cf. Pl.Phd. 111b; ἕτερος λόγος, οὐ π. ἐμέ that is another matter, and does not concern me, D.18.44, cf. 21,60, Isoc.4.12; τῶν φορέτρων ὄντων π. ἐμέ freightage shall be my concern, i.e. borne by me, PAmh.91.18 (ii A. D.);

π. τοῦτον ἦν ἡ τῶν διαφόρων πρᾶξις LXX 2 Ma.4.28

; ἐὰν.. βοᾷ καὶ σχετλιάζῃ μηδὲν π. τὸ πρᾶγμα, nihil ad rem, D.40.61; οὐδὲν π. τὸν Διόνυσον Prov. ap.Plb.39.2.3, Suid.; οὐδὲν αὐτῷ π. τὴν πόλιν ἐστίν he owes no reckoning to the State, D.21.44;

λόγος ἐστὶν ἐμοὶ π. Ἀθηναίους Philonid. 1

D.;

π. Ἰάσονά ἐστιν αὐτῷ περὶ τῆς τιμῆς PHamb.27.8

(iii B. C.), cf. PCair.Zen.150.18 (iii B. C.); ἔσται αὐτῷ π. τὸν Θεόν (sc. ὁ λόγος ) he shall have to reckon with God, Supp.Epigr.6.188, cf. 194, al. ([place name] Eumenia); without αὐτῷ, ib.236 ([place name] Phrygia);

ἔσται π. τὴν Τριάδαν MAMA1.168

, cf. Supp.Epigr.6.302 (Laodicea Combusta); ἕξει π. τὸν Θεόν ib.300, al. (ibid.); ἕξει π. τὴν ἐωνίαν κρίσιν ib.4.733 ([place name] Eukhaita), cf. 6.841 ([place name] Cyprus);

π. πολλοὺς ἔχων ἀγωνιστάς Suid.

s.v. ὅσα μῦς ἐν πίσσῃ, cf. 2 Ep.Cor.5.12: with Advbs.,

ἀσφαλῶς ἔχειν π. τι X.Mem.1.3.14

, etc.; [τὸ or τὰ] πρός τι, the relative term or terms, Arist.Cat. 1b25, 6a36, al.; τὸ π. τι, Pythag. name for two, Theol.Ar.8; π. ἡμᾶς relatively to us, opp. ἁπλῶς, Arist.APo. 72a1; ὀρθὸς πρός or ποτί c. acc., perpendicular to, Archim.Sph.Cyl.2.3, Spir.20; ἁ Δζ ποτὶ τὰν ΑΔ ἀμβλεῖαν ποιεῖ γωνίαν ib.16.

2 in reference to, in consequence of,

πρὸς τοῦτο τὸ κήρυγμα Hdt.3.52

, cf. 4.161;

π. τὴν φήμην

in view of..,

Id.3.153

, cf. Th.8.39;

χαλεπαίνειν π. τι Id.2.59

;

ἀθύμως ἔχειν π. τι X.HG4.5.4

, etc.: with neut. Pron.,

π. τί;

wherefore? to what end?

S.OT 766

, 1027, etc.; π. οὐδέν for nothing, in vain, Id.Aj. 1018; π. οὐδὲν ἀναγκαῖον unnecessarily, Sch.Il.9.23;

π. ταῦτα

therefore, this being so,

Hdt.5.9

,40, A.Pr. 915, 992, S.OT 426, etc.; cf. οὗτος c. v111.1b.

3 in reference to or for a purpose,

ἕστηκεν.. μῆλα π. σφαγάς A.Ag. 1057

; χρήσιμος, ἱκανὸς π. τι, Pl.Grg. 474d, Prt. 322b;

ὡς π. τί χρείας; S.OT 1174

, cf. OC71, Tr. 1182;

ἕτοιμος π. τι X.Mem.4.5.12

;

ἱκανῶς ὡς π. τὴν παροῦσαν χρείαν Arist. Cael. 269b21

;

ἢν ἀρήγειν φαίνηται π. τὴν σύμπασαν νοῦσον Hp.Acut. 60

; ποιεῖ π. ἐπιλημπτικούς is efficacious for cases of epilepsy, Dsc.1.6;

ἐθέλοντες τὰ π. τὴν νοῦσον ἡδέα μᾶλλον ἢ τὰ π. τὴν ὑγιείην προσδέχεσθαι Hp. de Arte7

.

b with a view to or for a future time,

ὅπως.. γράμματα δῷ π. ἢν ἂν ἡμέραν ἑκάτεροι παραγίνωνται SIG679.62

(Senatus consultum, ii B. C.);

θαυμάζεται τὰ Περικλέους ἔργα π. πολὺν χρόνον ἐν ὀλίγῳ γενόμενα Plu.Per.13

.

c = πρός B. 11,

ἐγίνετο π. ἀναζογήν Plb.3.92.8

;

ὄντων π. τὸ κωλύειν Id.1.26.3

, cf. 1.29.3, al., Plu.Nic.5.

4 in proportion or relation to, in comparison with,

κοῖός τις δοκέοι ἀνὴρ εἶναι π. τὸν πατέρα Κῦρον Hdt.3.34

;

ἔργα λόγου μέζω π. πᾶσαν χώρην Id.2.35

;

π. πάντας τοὺς ἄλλους Id.3.94

, 8.44;

πολλὴν ἂν οἶμαι ἀπιστίαν τῆς δυνάμεως.. π. τὸ κλέος αὐτῶν εἶναι Th.1.10

, cf. Pi.O.2.88, Pl. Prt. 327d, 328c, Phd. 102c, etc.; π. τὰς μεγίστας καὶ ἐλαχίστας ναῦς τὸ μέσον σκοπεῖν the mean between.., Th.1.10;

τὸ κάλλιστον τῶν ἔργων π. τὸ αἴσχιστον συμβαλεῖν Lycurg.68

;

ἓν π. ἓν συμβάλλειν Hdt.4.50

; also

ἔχεις π. τὰ ἔτη μέλαιναν τὴν τρίχα Thphr. Char.2.3

;

ἐνδεεστέρως ἢ π. τὴν ἐξουσίαν Th.4.39

: also of mathematical ratio, οἷος ὁ πρῶτος (sc. ὅρος)

ποτὶ τὸν δεύτερον, καὶ ὁ δεύτερος ποτὶ τὸν τρίτον Archyt.2

, cf. Philol.11, Pl.Ti. 36b, Arist.Rh. 1409a4, al., Euc. 5 Def.4, etc.; πρὸς παρεὸν.. μῆτις ἀέξεται ἀνθρώποισι in proportion to the existing (physical development), Emp.106: also of price, value, πωλεῖσθαι δὶς π. ἀργύριον sells twice against or relatively to silver, i.e. for twice its weight in silver, Thphr.HP9.6.4;

πωλεῖται ὁ σταθμὸς αὐτοῦ π. διπλοῦν ἀργύριον Dsc.1.19

; [ἡ μαργαρῖτις λίθος] πωλεῖται.. π. χρυσίον for its weight in gold, Androsthenes ap.Ath.3.93b: metaph.,

π. ἀρετήν Pl.Phd. 69a

; ὅπως π. τὰς τιμὰς τῶν κριθῶν τὰ ἄλφιτα πωλήσουσι on the basis of the price of barley, Arist.Ath.51.3; ἐξέστω αὐτοῦ ἀπογραφὴ τῆς οὐσίας π. τοῦτο τὸ ἀργύριον Ἀθηναίων τῷ βουλομένῳ property equal in value to this silver, IG22.1013.14, cf. PHib. 1.32.9 (iii B. C.), IG5(1).1390.78 (Andania, i B. C.);

τῶν ἐγγύων τῶν ἐγγυωμένων π. [αὐτὰ] τὰ κτήματα SIG364.42

(Ephesus, iii B. C.);

θέντων τὰ ποτήρια π. χρυσοῦς ἑκατόν IPE12.32A16

(Olbia, iii B. C.); τοὺς ἀπαγομένους εἰς φυλακὴν π. τὰ χρέα imprisoned for debt, Plb. 38.11.10, cf. 1.72.5, 5.27.4,5,7,5.108.1, PTeb.707.9 (ii B. C.);

τοὺς π. καταδίκας ἐκπεπτωκότας Plb.25.3.1

, cf. SIG742.31 (Ephesus, i B. C.);

ἐγδίδομεν τὸ ἔργον.. π. χαλκόν IG7.3073.6

(Lebad., ii B. C.), cf. PSI5.356.7 (iii B. C.), PTeb. 825 (a).16 (ii B. C.), Sammelb.5106.3 (ii B. C.);

οἷον π. ἀργύριον τὴν δόξαν τὰς ψυχὰς ἀποδιδόμενοι Jul. Or.1.42b

; π. ἅλας ἠγορασμένος, i.e. 'dirt cheap', Men.828 (also π. ἅλα δειπνεῖν καὶ κύαμον, i.e. dine frugally, take pot-luck, Plu.2.684f); so

ἡδονὰς π. ἡδονὰς.. καταλλάττεσθαι Pl.Phd. 69a

; of measurements of time by the flow from the clepsydra,

π. ἕνδεκα ἀμφορέας ἐν διαμεμετρημένῃ τῇ ἡμέρᾳ κρίνομαι Aeschin.2.126

, cf. Arist.Ath.67.2,3,69.2;

λεγέσθω τᾶς δίκας ὁ μὲν πρᾶτος λόγος ἑκατέροις ποτὶ χόας δεκαοκτώ SIG953.17

(Calymna, ii B. C.); λεξάντων πρὸς τὴν τήρησιν τοῦ ὕδατος ib.683.60 (Olympia, ii B. C.); π. κλεψύδραν Eub.p.182 K., Epin. 2;

π. κλεψύδρας Arist.Po. 1451a8

;

π. ὀλίγον ὕδωρ ἀναγκαζόμενος λέγειν D.41.30

; hence later, π. ὀλίγον for a short time,

ἐπανεῖναι π. ὀλίγον τὴν πολιορκίαν J.BJ5.9.1

, cf. Alex.Aphr. in Top.560.2, Hld.2.19, POxy67.14 (iv A.D.), Orib.Fr.116, Gp.4.15.8; π.ὀλίγον καιρόν, χρόνον, Antyll. ap. Orib.9.24.26, Paul.Aeg.Prooem.; π. ὀλίγον ἐστὶ τὸ ζῆν Poet. in Mus.Script.p.452 von Jan;

μήτηρ δ' ἦν π. μικρόν Sammelb. 7288.4

([place name] Ptolemaic);

π. βραχύ Jul.Or.1.47b

(but π. βραχὺ παρηβηκυίας (by) a little past their best, Gp.4.15.3);

π. βραχὺν καιρόν Iamb. Protr. 21

.

κα'; π. τὸ ἀκαρές Porph.Gaur.3.3

;

π. μίαν ἢ δευτέραν ἡμέραν Dsc. 2.101

, cf. Sor.1.56;

π. δύο ἡμέρας ἐκοίμησα ἐκεῖ BGU775.8

(ii A. D.);

π.μόνην τὴν ἐνεστῶσαν ἡμέραν Sammelb. 7399

(ii A.D.), cf. M.Ant.12.4;

προστιμάσθω π. χρόνον μὴ εἰσελθεῖν ὅσον ἂν δόξῃ IG22.1368.89

.

5 in or by reference to, according to, in view of,

π. τὸ παρεὸν βουλεύεσθαι Hdt. 1.20

, cf. 113, Th.6.46,47, IG22.1.20, etc.;

π. τὴν παροῦσαν ἀρρωστίαν Th.7.47

;

ἵνα π. τὸν ὑπάρχοντα καιρὸν ἕκαστα θεωρῆτε D.18.17

, cf. 314, etc.;

εἴ τι δεῖ τεκμαίρεσθαι π. τὸν ἄλλον τρόπον Id.27.22

; τοῖς π. ὑμᾶς ζῶσι those who live with your interests in view, Id.19.226;

ἐλευθέρου τὸ μὴ π. ἄλλον ζῆν Arist.Rh. 1367a32

;

π. τοῦτον πάντ' ἐσκόπουν, π. τοῦτον ἐποιοῦντο τὴν εἰρήνην D.19.63

; τὸ παιδεύεσθαι π. τὰς πολιτείας suitably to them, Arist.Pol. 1310a14; ὁρῶ.. ἅπαντας π. τὴν παροῦσαν δύναμιν τῶν δικαίων ἀξιουμένους according to their power, D.15.28;

π. τὰς τύχας γὰρ τὰς φρένας κεκτήμεθα

according to..,

E.Hipp. 701

; πὸς τὰς συνθέσις in accordance with the agreements, IG5(2).343.41,60 (Orchom. Arc.); τὸν δικαστὰν ὀμνύντα κρῖναι πορτὶ τὰ μωλιόμενα having regard to the pleadings, Leg.Gort.5.44, cf. 9.30; αἱ ἀρχαὶ.. πρὸς τὰ κατεσκευασμένα σύμβολα σηκώματα ποιησάμεναι after making weights and measures in accordance with, or by reference to, the established standards, IG22.1013.7; π. τὰ στάθμια τὰ ἐν τῷ ἀργυροκοπίῳ as measured by the weights in the mint, ib. 30, cf. PAmh.43.10 (ii B. C.); [Εόλων] ἐποίησε σταθμὰ π. τὸ νόμισμα made (trade-) weights on the basis of (i.e. proportional to) the coinage, Arist.Ath.10.2;

ὀρθὸν π. τὸν διαβήτην IG22.1668.9

, cf. 95,7.3073.108 (Lebad., ii B. C.); π. τὸ δικαιότατον in accordance with the most just principle, D.C.Fr.104.6.

6 with the accompaniment of musical instruments,

π. κάλαμον Pi.O.10(11).84

; π. αὐλόν or τὸν αὐλόν, E.Alc. 346, X.Smp.6.3, etc.;

π. λύραν.. ᾄδειν SIG662.13

(Delos, ii B. C.); π. ῥυθμὸν ἐμβαίνειν to step in time, D.S.5.34.

7 [full] πρός c.acc. freq. periphr. for Adv., π. βίαν, = βιαίως, under compulsion,

νῦν χρὴ.. τινα π. βίαν πώνην Alc.20

(s.v.l.);

π. βίαν ἐπίνομεν Ar.Ach.73

;

τὸ π. βίαν πίνειν ἴσον πέφυκε τῷ διψῆν κακόν S.Fr. 735

; ἥκω.. π. βίαν under compulsion, Critias 16.10 D.; by force, forcibly, A.Pr. 210, 355, etc.; οὐ π. βίαν τινός not forced by any one, Id.Eu.5 (but also, in spite of any one, S.OC 657);

π. τὸ βίαιον A.Ag. 130

(lyr.);

π. τὸ καρτερόν Id.Pr. 214

; π. ἀλκήν, π. ἀνάγκαν, Id.Th. 498, Pers. 569 (lyr.);

οὐ διαχωρέεει [ἡ γαστὴρ] εἰ μὴ π. ἀνάγκην Hp. Prog.8

,19;

π. ἰσχύος κράτος S.Ph. 594

;

π. ἡδονὴν εἶναί τινι A.Pr. 494

; π. ἡδονὴν λέγειν, δημηγορεῖν, so as to please, Th.2.65, S.El. 921, D.4.38, cf. E.Med. 773;

οἱ πάντα π. ἡδονὴν ἐπαινοῦντες Arist.EN 1126b13

;

ἅπαντα π. ἡδ. ζητεῖν D.1.15

, cf. 18.4; λούσασθαι τὸ σῶμα π. ἡδ. as much or little as one like s, Hp.Mul.2.133;

πίνειν π. ἡδ. Pl. Smp. 176e

; π. τὸ τερπνόν calculated to delight, Th.2.53; π. χάριν so as to gratify,

μήτε π. ἔχθραν ποιεῖσθαι λόγον μήτε π. χ. D.8.1

, cf. S.OT 1152;

π. χάριν δημηγορεῖν D.3.3

, etc.: c. gen. rei, π. χάριν τινός for the sake of,

π. χ. βορᾶς S.Ant.30

, cf. Ph. 1156 (lyr.);

π. ἰσχύος χ.

by means of,

E.Med. 538

; π. ὀργήν with anger, angrily, S.El. 369, Th.2.65, D.53.16 (v.l.);

π. ὀργὴν ἐλθεῖν τινι Id.39.23

, etc.; π. τὸ λιπαρές importunately, S.OC 1119;

π. εὐσέβειαν Id.El. 464

; π. καιρόν seasonably, Id.Aj.38, etc.;

π. φύσιν Id.Tr. 308

; π. εὐτέλειαν cheaply, Antiph.226.2; π. μέρος in due proportion, D.36.32;

π. ὀλίγον μέρος Gp.2.15.1

; τέτραπτο π. ἰθύ οἱ straight towards him, Il.14.403; π. ὀρθὰς (sc. γωνίας ( .. τῇ AEB at right angles to, Arist.Mete. 373a14, cf. Euc.1.11, Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.3;

π. ὀρθὴν τέμνουσα Arist.Mete. 363b2

; π. ἀχθηδόνα, π. ἀπέχθειαν, Luc.Tox.9, Hist.Conscr.38; γυνὴ π. ἀλήθειαν οὖσα in truth a woman, a very woman, Ath.15.687a, cf. Luc. JTr.48, Alex.61: c. [comp] Sup., π. τὰ μέγιστα in the highest degree, Hdt.8.20.

8 of Numbers. up to, about, Plb.16.7.5, etc.: cf. πρόσπου.

D ABS. AS ADV., besides, over and above; in Hom. always π. δέ or ποτὶ δέ, Il.5.307, 10.108, al., cf. Hdt.1.71, etc.; π. δὲ καί ib. 164, 207;

π. δὲ ἔτι Id.3.74

;

καὶ π. Id.7.154

, 184, prob. in A.Ch. 301, etc.;

καὶ π. γε E.Hel. 110

, Pl.R. 328a, 466e;

καὶ.. γε π. A.Pr.73

;

καὶ δὴ π. Hdt.5.67

; freq. at the end of a second clause,

τάδε λέγω, δράσω τε π. E.Or. 622

;

ἀλογία.., καὶ ἀμαθία γε π. Pl.Men. 90e

, cf. E.Ph. 610;

ἐνενήκοντα καὶ μικρόν τι π. D.4.28

, cf. 22.60.

E IN COMPOS.,

I motion towards, as προσάγω, προσέρχομαι, etc.

II addition, besides, as προσκτάομαι, προσδίδωμι, προστίθημι, etc.

III a being on, at, by, or beside: hence, a remaining beside, and metaph. connexion and engagement with anything, as πρόσειμι, προσγίγνομαι, etc.

F REMARKS,

1 in poetry πρός sts. stands after its case and before an attribute,

ποίμνας βουστάσεις τε π. πατρός A.Pr. 653

, cf. Th. 185, S.OT 178 (lyr.), E.Or.94; ἄστυ πότι (or ποτὶ)

σφέτερον Il.17.419

, cf. Pi.O.4.5.

2 in Hom. it is freq. separated from its Verb by tmesis.

3 sts. (in violation of the rule given by A.D.Synt.127.8, Pron.42.5) followed by an enclit. Pron.,

πρός με S.Aj. 292

, Ar.Pl. 1055, D.18.14 (v.l.), Men.978, Pk.77, Com.Adesp.15.25 D., 22.68 D., etc.

πέμπω fut. πέμψω; 1 aor. ἑπεμψα; pf. πέπομφα IEph 17:2. Pass.: fut. inf. πεμφθήσεσθαι (Just., A I, 28); 1 aor. ἐπέμφθην; 1 pf. ptc. πεπεμμένος (Just., D. 126, 6); plpf. 3 sg. ἐπέπεμπτο Just., D. 56, 5).

① to dispatch someone, whether human or transcendent being, usually for purposes of communication, send τινά someone J 1:22; 13:16; 20:21b; Phil 2:23, 28; ISm 11:3. δοῦλον Lk 20:11; cp. vs. 12f. τ. ἀδελφούς 2 Cor 9:3. ἄνδρας πιστούς 1 Cl 63:3. ὑπηρέτην Dg 7:2. ἐπισκόπους IPhld 10:2. W. double acc. π. τινὰ κατάσκοπον send someone out as a spy B 12:9; w. acc. of a ptc. π. τινὰ κρίνοντα send someone as a judge Dg 7:6. π. τινὰ πρεσβεύσοντα send someone to be a representative Pol 13:1. W. a destination indicated (the ref. to a legation somet. being omitted as self-evident, like the Engl. ‘send to someone’= ‘send a messenger to someone’): π. (τινὰ) εἴς τι send (someone) to, into (X., Hell. 7, 4, 39; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 271 εἰς Ἱερος.) Mt 2:8; Lk 15:15; 16:27; Ac 10:5, 32 (without acc.); 15:22; IEph 6:1; GJs 16:2. W. the point of departure and the destination given ἀπὸ τῆς Μιλήτου εἰς Ἔφεσον Ac 20:17 (without acc.). W. indication of the pers. to whom someone is sent π. (τινὰ) πρός τινα send (someone) to someone (X., Cyr. 1, 5, 4; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1:13 Jac.; Diod S 20, 72, 1 π. τινὰ εἰς Συρακούσας πρὸς τ. ἀδελφόν; PHib 127 descr. 3 [III B.C.] π. τινὰ πρός τινα; Sb 6769, 5; 2 Esdr 5:17; En 10:2; TestJos 9:1; Manetho: 609 Fgm. 10 Jac. [in Jos., C. Ap. 1, 241]) Lk 7:19 (αὐτούς them is supplied by the immediate context); Ac 10:33 (without acc.); 15:25; 19:31 (without acc.); 23:30 (the acc. αὐτόν him is supplied by the context.—S. further below, where this pass. is cited again); Eph 6:22; Phil 2:25; Col 4:8; Tit 3:12; GJs 21:2 codd. In several of these places π. is used w. another verb that tells the purpose of the sending. This verb can be in the ptc.: ἔπεμψεν λέγων he sent to ask (cp. Gen 38:25; 2 Km 14:32; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 262) Lk 7:19; cp. vs. 6. Or the verb w. π. is in a finite mood and π. stands in the ptc. (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9 §34 πέμψας ἀνεῖλε=he sent and had [her] put to death; 5, 118 §489 ἤρετο πέμπων=he sent and asked; Gen 27:42; Jos., Ant. 7, 149) πέμψαντες παρεκάλουν they sent and advised Ac 19:31; cp. πέμψας ἀπεκεφάλισεν he sent and had (John) beheaded Mt 14:10.—22:7. Differently πέμψας αὐτοὺς εἶπεν he sent them and said 2:8. W. indication of the one who is to receive someone, in the dat. π. τινά τινι send someone to someone 1 Cor 4:17; Phil 2:19.—ὁ Ἰω. πέμψας δύο τῶν μαθητῶν αὐτοῦ εἶπεν αὐτῷ=‘sent two of his disciples and had them say to him’ Mt 11:2 v.l. (cp. Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 96 §449 πέμψας τινὰς ὁ Πομπήιος συνέλαβεν [Κάρβωνα]=Pompey sent certain men and had Carbo taken into custody). W. purpose indicated by the inf. (Just., D. 45, 4) Lk 15:15; 1 Cor 16:3; cp. also J 1:33; Rv 22:16. By subst. inf. w. εἰς 1 Th 3:2, 5. By εἰς (Appian, Mithrid. 108 §516 ἔπεμπεν τὰς θυγατέρας ἐς γάμους=in order to marry them [to Scythian princes]) εἰς αὐτὸ τοῦτο for this very purpose Eph 6:22; Col 4:8. εἰς ἐκδίκησιν κακοποιῶν 1 Pt 2:14. W. εἰς twice: εἰς θεοῦ τιμὴν εἰς Σμύρναν IEph 21:1. W. purpose indicated by ἵνα Lk 16:24.—Esp. of sending forth of God’s representatives (Aberciusins. 7; Philosoph. Max. 497, 8, the wise man is ἀποσταλείς, his πέμψας is God) Moses 1 Cl 17:5; Elijah Lk 4:26. The angel of repentance Hs 8, 11, 1. Above all the Father sends the Son (upon the earth) Ro 8:3; IMg 8:2. πέμψω τὸν υἱόν μου τὸν ἀγαπητόν Lk 20:13 (cp. Hdt. 1, 119, 2f ἦν οἱ παῖς εἷς μοῦνος … τοῦτον ἐκπέμπει … ἐς Ἀστυάγεος … Ἀστυάγης σφάξας αὐτόν). John’s gospel is dominated by the thought that Jesus is sent by God fr. heaven (s. Hdb. exc. on J 3:17) J 4:34; 5:23f, 30, 37; 6:38f, 44; 7:16, 28, 33; 8:16, 18, 26, 29; 9:4; 12:44f, 49; 13:20; 14:24; 15:21; 16:5. Jesus, or God in his name, will send the Paraclete or Holy Spirit J 14:26; 15:26 (ὸ̔ν ἐγὼ πέμψω ὑμῖν παρὰ τοῦ πατρός); 16:7. Sim. πέμπει αὐτοῖς ὁ θεὸς ἐνέργειαν πλάνης God sends them a deluding influence 2 Th 2:11.—The idea of moving from one place to another, which is inherent in ‘sending’, can retreat into the background, so that π. takes on the mng. instruct, commission, appoint: ὁ πέμψας με βαπτίζειν ἐν ὕδατι J 1:33. Cp. 7:18 and the pass. 1 Pt 2:14. Elsewh., too, π. takes on a particular mng. fr. the context: πέμψον ἡμᾶς εἰς τοὺς χοίρους eject us into the swine Mk 5:12. Of one under arrest: have him transported to his destination Ac 25:25, 27; cp. 23:30 (on these pass. s. TGagos/PSijpesteijn, BASP 33, ’96, 77–97).—Abs. οἱ πεμφθέντες those who were sent Lk 7:10.—In several of the places already mentioned (Ac 23:30; Eph 6:22; Phil 2:28; Col 4:8) ἔπεμψα is an epistolary aorist (Thu. 1, 129, 3; Chion, Ep. 15, 3 ἔπεμψα δὲ τὸ ἀντίγραφον; POxy 937, 21.—B-D-F §334; Rob. 845f).

② to dispatch someth. through an intermediary, send τινί τι someth. to someone Rv 11:10; Hv 2, 4, 3a; Hs 5, 2, 9; 5, 5, 3. The thing that is the object of the sending can remain unmentioned if it is easily supplied fr. the context πέμψον ταῖς ἑπτὰ ἐκκλησίαις, εἰς Ἔφεσον καὶ εἰς … send (the book) to the seven churches, to Ephesus and to … Rv 1:11. πέμψει Κλήμης εἰς τὰς ἔξω πόλεις Clement is to send (it=his copy or rescripts of it) to the cities abroad Hv 2, 4, 3b. ὥρισαν εἰς διακονίαν πέμψαι τοῖς ἀδελφοῖς they decided to send (someth.) to the brethren for their support Ac 11:29. εἰς τὴν χρείαν μοι ἐπέμψατε you have sent me (what was necessary) to satisfy my needs Phil 4:16 (cp. vv.ll. without the prep. εἰς and s. Ar. Milne p. 74 ln. 26: πέμπουσιν αὐτοῖ ἃ χρέαν ἔχουσιν). Fig. μερίσας … ἀπὸ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ Χριστοῦ ἔπεμψεν εἰς τοὺς προφήτας (God) sent a portion of Christ’s spirit into the prophets AcPlCor 2:10.—On π. τὸ δρέπανον Rv 14:15, 18 s. δρέπανον.—π. διά τινος could come fr. the OT (=שָׁלַח בְּיַד פּ׳ 1 Km 16:20; 2 Km 11:14; 3 Km 2:25) and could have given rise to the expr. πέμψας διὰ τῶν μαθητῶν εἶπεν αὐτῷ he sent word by his disciples and said to him Mt 11:2 ([Just., D. 53, 1]; yet a similar expr. is found in Appian, Mithrid. 108 §516 ἔπεμπεν διʼ εὐνούχων).—π. abs. means send, write a document, letter, etc. (Ps.-Callisth. 3, 18, 4; PGiss 13, 5 [II A.D.] Ἀρσινόη μοι ἔπεμψε περὶ τῶν δύο ταλάντων; 17, 8; 13; 27, 8 οὗ ἕνεκα πρὸς σὲ ἔπεμψα ἵνα ἐπιγνῶ; 81, 6; 14 πέμψον μοι οὖν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας σου and oft. in pap) ἐσπούδασα κατὰ μικρὸν ὑμῖν πέμπειν I have taken pains to write to you briefly B 1:5.—DELG. M-M. EDNT.

σῶμα, ατος, τό (Hom.+) ‘body.’

① body of a human being or animal, body

ⓐ dead body, corpse (so always in Hom. [but s. HHerter, σῶμα bei Homer: Charites, Studien zur Altertumswissenschaft, ELanglotz Festschr., ed. KvonSchauenburg ’57, 206–17] and oft. later, e.g. Memnon: 434 Fgm. 1, 3, 3 Jac. καίειν τὸ ς.=burn the corpse; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 2:27; TestJob 52:11; ApcMos 34 al.; Philo, Abr. 258; Jos., Bell. 6, 276, Ant. 18, 236; Ar. 4, 3; Mel., P. 28, 196) Mt 14:12 v.l.; 27:59; Mk 15:45 v.l.; Lk 17:37; Ac 9:40; GPt 2:4; pl. J 19:31. W. gen. Mt 27:58; Mk 15:43; Lk 23:52, 55; 24:3, 23; J 19:38ab, 40; 20:12; Jd 9; GPt 2:3. Pl. Mt 27:52; Hb 13:11. AcPlCor 2:27.

ⓑ the living body (Hes. et al.) of animals Js 3:3.—Mostly of human beings Mt 5:29f; 6:22f; 26:12; Mk 5:29; 14:8; Lk 11:34abc; J 2:21; Ro 1:24; 1 Cor 6:18ab; IRo 5:3. τὰ τοῦ σώματος the parts of the body 4:2. Of women αἱ ἀσθενεῖς τῷ σώματι 1 Cl 6:2; cp. Hv 3, 11, 4.—W. and in contrast to πνεῦμα (4 Macc 11:11) Ro 8:10, 13; 1 Cor 5:3; 7:34; Js 2:26. W. and in contrast to ψυχή (Pla., Gorg. 47, 493a; Diod S 34 + 35 Fgm. 2, 30; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 112 §467; Ael. Aristid. 45, 17f K.=8 p. 88f D.; Lucian, Imag. 23; PGM 7, 589; Wsd 1:4; 8:19f; 2 Macc 7:37; 14:38; 4 Macc 1:28; ApcEsdr 7:3 p. 32, 13 Tdf.; EpArist 139; Philo; Jos., Bell. 3, 372–78; 6, 55; Just., A I, 8, 4; D. 6, 2 al.; Tat. 13, 1; Ath. 1, 4; Did., Gen. 56, 4; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 2]) Mt 6:25ab; 10:28ab; Lk 12:4 v.l., 22f; 2 Cl 5:4 (a saying of Jesus, fr. an unknown source); 12:4; MPol 14:2; AcPl Ha 1, 4. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα (s. the Christian POxy 1161, 6 [IV A.D.]) 1 Th 5:23. W. and in contrast to its parts (ApcSed 11:13; Mel., P. 78, 563) Ro 12:4; 1 Cor 12:12abc (Ltzm. ad loc.), 14–20 (PMich 149, 4, 26 [II A.D.] ἧπαρ … ὅλον τὸ σῶμα); Js 3:6; 1 Cl 37:5abcd. The body as the seat of sexual function Ro 4:19; 1 Cor 7:4ab (rights over the σῶμα of one’s spouse as Artem. 1, 44 p. 42, 14f; Iren. 1, 13, 3 [Harv. I 119, 10]).—The body as seat of mortal life εἶναι ἐν σώματι be in the body = alive, subject to mortal ills (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 3 [Stone p. 22]; Poryphr., Abst. 1, 38) Hb 13:3. ἐνδημεῖν ἐν τῷ σώματι 2 Cor 5:6 (s. ἐνδημέω). ἐκδημῆσαι ἐκ τοῦ σώματος vs. 8 (s. ἐκδημέω). διὰ τοῦ σώματος during the time of one’s mortal life (cp. Lucian, Menipp. 11, end, Catapl. 23) vs. 10 (s. κομίζω 3, but s. also below in this section). Paul does not know whether, in a moment of religious ecstasy, he was ἐν σώματι or ἐκτὸς (χωρὶς) τοῦ σώματος 12:2f (of Epimenides [A2: Vorsokrat.⁵ I p. 29] it was said ὡς ἐξίοι ἡ ψυχὴ ὁπόσον ἤθελε καιρὸν καὶ πάλιν εἰσῄει ἐν τῷ σώματι; Clearchus, Fgm. 7: καθάπερ ὁ Κλέαρχος ἐν τοῖς περὶ ὕπνου φησίν, περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς, ὡς ἄρα χωρίζεται τοῦ σώματος καὶ ὡς εἴσεισιν εἰς τὸ σῶμα καὶ ὡς χρῆται αὐτῷ οἷον καταγωγίῳ [a resting-place]. In Fgm. 8 Clearchus tells about Cleonymus the Athenian, who seemed to be dead, but awakened after 3 days and thereupon reported everything that he had seen and heard ἐπειδὴ χωρὶς ἦν τοῦ σώματος. His soul is said finally to have arrived εἴς τινα χῶρον ἱερὸν τῆς Ἑστίας; Maximus Tyr. 38, 3a–f Ἀριστέας ἔφασκεν τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτῷ καταλιποῦσαν τὸ σῶμα in order to wander through the universe. He finds faith everywhere. Similarly 10, 2f. See also the story of Hermotimus in Apollon. Paradox. 3 as well as Lucian, Musc. Enc. [The Fly] 7.—On the two kinds of transcendent vision [with or without the body] s. Proclus, In Pla. Rem Publ. II p. 121, 26ff Kroll: οἱ μὲν μετὰ τοῦ σώματος τῶν τοιούτων [like Ἐμπεδότιμος] ἵστορες [=eyewitnesses], οἱ δὲ ἄνευ σώματος [like Κλεώνυμος]. καὶ πλήρεις αἱ παραδόσεις τούτων.). ἀπὼν τῷ σώματι (παρὼν δὲ τῷ πνεύματι) 1 Cor 5:3. ἡ παρουσία τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 10:10 (παρουσία 1). The body is the instrument of human experience and suffering 4:10ab; Gal 6:17 (allusion AcPlCor 2, 35); Phil 1:20; the body is the organ of a person’s activity: δοξάσατε τὸν θεὸν ἐν τῷ σώματι ὑμῶν glorify God through your body, i.e. by leading an upright life 1 Cor 6:20; cp. Ro 12:1. This may be the place (s. above in this section) for διὰ τοῦ σώματος 2 Cor 5:10 which, in that case, would be taken in an instrumental sense with or through the body (cp. Pla., Phd. 65a; Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 13, 371c; Aelian, NA 5, 26 τὰ διὰ τοῦ σώματος πραττόμενα). In some of the last-named passages (such as Ro 12:1; Phil 1:20; also Eph 5:28 w. parallel in Plut., Mor. 142e: s. HAlmqvist, Plut. u. d. NT ’46, 116f) the body is almost synonymous w. the whole personality (as Aeschin., Or. 2, 58; X., An. 1, 9, 12 τὰ ἑαυτῶν σώματα=themselves. Appian, Syr. 41 §218 παρεδίδου τὸ σῶμα τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν ἀπαγαγεῖν=[Epaminondas] gave himself up to those who wished to take him away, Mithr. 27 §107 ἐς τὸ σῶμα αὐτοῦ=against his person, Bell. Civ. 2, 106 §442 Caesar’s person [σῶμα] is ἱερὸς καὶ ἄσυλος=sacred and inviolable; 3, 39 §157 ἔργον … σῶμα=course of action … person; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 55, 7 [III B.C.] ἑκάστου σώματος=for every person. See Wilcken’s note).—Because it is subject to sin and death, man’s mortal body as τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκός (σάρξ 2cα) Col 2:11 is a σῶμα τῆς ἁμαρτίας Ro 6:6 or τοῦ θανάτου 7:24; cp. 8:11. In fact, σῶμα can actually take the place of σάρξ 8:13 (cp. Herm. Wr. 4, 6b ἐὰν μὴ πρῶτον τὸ σῶμα μισήσῃς, σεαυτὸν φιλῆσαι οὐ δύνασαι; 11, 21a.—Cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 19, 6). As a σῶμα τῆς ταπεινώσεως lowly body it stands in contrast to the σῶμα τῆς δόξης glorious body of the heavenly beings Phil 3:21. In another pass. σῶμα ψυχικόν of mortals is opposed to the σῶμα πνευματικόν after the resurrection 1 Cor 15:44abc.—Christ’s earthly body, which was subject to death (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 9, 13) Ro 7:4; Hb 10:5 (Ps 39:7 v.l.), 10; 1 Pt 2:24; AcPlCor 2:16f. τὸ σῶμα καὶ τὰ ὀστᾶ καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ 2:32. τὸ σῶμα τῆς σαρκὸς αὐτοῦ Col 1:22. Esp. in the language of the Eucharist (opp. αἷμα) Mt 26:26; Mk 14:22; Lk 22:19; 1 Cor 10:16 (GBornkamm, NTS 2, ’56, 202–6); 11:24, 27, 29. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 2 and εὐχαριστία 3, also JBonsirven, Biblica 29, ’48, 205–19.—ἓν σῶμα a single body 1 Cor 6:16 (cp. Jos., Ant. 7, 66 Δαυίδης τήν τε ἄνω πόλιν κ. τὴν ἄκραν συνάψας ἐποίησεν ἕν σῶμα; Artem. 3, 66 p. 196, 9; RKempthorne, NTS 14. ’67/68, 568–74).

② pl. σώματα slaves (Herodas 2, 87 δοῦλα σώματα; Polyb. et al.; oft. Vett. Val.; ins, pap; Gen 36:6; Tob 10:10; Bel 32; 2 Macc 8:11; Jos., Ant. 14, 321; cp. our colloq. ‘get some bodies for the job’) Rv 18:13 (cp. Ezk 27:13; the abs. usage rejected by Atticists, s. Phryn. 378 Lob.).

③ plant and seed structure, body. In order to gain an answer to his own question in 1 Cor 15:35 ποίῳ σώματι ἔρχονται; (i.e. the dead after the resurrection), Paul speaks of bodies of plants (which are different in kind fr. the ‘body’ of the seed which is planted.—Maximus Tyr. 40, 60e makes a distinction betw. the σώματα of the plants, which grow old and pass away, and their σπέρματα, which endure.—σώματα of plants also in Apollon. Paradox. 7 [after Aristot.]) vs. 37f, and of σώματα ἐπουράνια of the heavenly bodies vs. 40 (cp. Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 2, 2 the stars as σώματα θεῖα; Maximus Tyr. 21, 8b οὐρανὸς κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῷ σώματα, acc. to 11, 12a οἱ ἀστέρες; 40, 4h; Sallust. 9 p. 18, 5).

④ substantive reality, the thing itself, the reality in imagery of a body that casts a shadow, in contrast to σκιά (q.v. 3) Col 2:17.

⑤ a unified group of people, body fig. ext. of 1, of the Christian community or church (cp. Cyr. Ins. 58, ‘body of the Hellenes’; Polyaenus, Exc. 18, 4 of the phalanx; Libanius, Or. 1 p. 176, 25 F. τὸ τῆς πόλεως ς.; Plut., Philop. 360 [8, 2]), esp. as the body of Christ, which he fills or enlivens as its Spirit (in this case the head belongs with the body, as Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 26 §101, where a severed head is differentiated from τὸ ἄλλο σῶμα=the rest of the body), or crowns as its Head (Hdt. 7, 140; Quint. Smyrn. 11, 58; SIG 1169, 3; 15 κεφαλή w. σῶμα as someth. equally independent; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 79, 27): οἱ πολλοὶ ἓν σῶμά ἐσμεν ἐν Χριστῷ Ro 12:5. Cp. 1 Cor 10:17; 12:13, 27; Eph (s. Schlier s.v. ἐκκλησία 3c) 1:23; 2:16; 4:12, 16; 5:23, 30; Col 1:18, 24; 2:19; 3:15; ISm 1:2; Hs 9, 17, 5; 9, 18, 3f. ἓν σῶμα καὶ ἓν πνεῦμα Eph 4:4; cp. Hs 9, 13, 5; 7 (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 30, 167: all as ἓν σῶμα κ. μία ψυχή; also Just., D. 42, 3) διέλκομεν τὰ μέλη τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ στασιάζομεν πρὸς τὸ σῶμα τὸ ἴδιον 1 Cl 46:7.—T Schmidt, Der Leib Christi (σῶμα Χριστοῦ) 1919; EKäsemann, Leib u. Leib Christi ’33 (for a critique s. SHanson, Unity of the Church in the NT ’46, 113–16); ÉMersch, Le Corps mystique du Christ² ’36; AWikenhauser, D. Kirche als d. myst. Leib Christi, nach dem Ap. Pls² ’40; EPercy, D. Leib Christi in d. paulin. Homologumena u. Antilegomena ’42; RHirzel, Die Person: SBMünAk 1914 H. 10 p. 6–28 (semantic history of σῶμα); WKnox, Parallels to the NT use of σῶμα: JTS 39, ’38, 243–46; FDillistone, How Is the Church Christ’s Body?: Theology Today 2, ’45/46, 56–68; WGoossens, L’Église corps de Christ d’après St. Paul² ’49; CCraig, Soma Christou: The Joy of Study ’51, 73–85; JRobinson, The Body: A Study in Pauline Theol. ’52; RBultmann, Theol. of the NT, tr. KGrobel ’51, 192–203; HClavier, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 342–62; CColpe, Zur Leib-Christi Vorstellung im Eph, ’60, 172–87; KGrobel, Bultmann Festschr. ’54, 52–59; HHegermann, TLZ 85, ’60, 839–42; ESchweizer, ibid. 86, ’61, 161–74; 241–56; JMeuzelaar, D. Leib des Messias, ’61; MDahl, The Resurrection of the Body, ’62; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 201–304; JZiegler, NovT 25, ’83, 133–45 (LXX); JDunn: JSNT Suppl. 100, ’94, 163–81 (Col.).—B. 198. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

φιλέω impf. ἐφίλουν; fut. φιλήσω SSol 8:1; 1 aor. ἐφίλησα; pf. πεφίληκα (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.; Ar. 15, 4; Just., D. 27, 2 and 82, 4 [both φιλοῦντες—φ. is usual word in earlier Gk., but gradually loses ground to ἀγαπάω, esp. in the Koine—for ἀγαπῶντες Is 1:23]; Mel., P. 38, 266).

① to have a special interest in someone or someth., freq. with focus on close association, have affection for, like, consider someone a friend

ⓐ w. acc. of pers.: relatives (X., Mem. 2, 7, 9) Mt 10:37ab (on this pass. TArvedson, SEÅ 5, ’40, 74–82). Exceptional disciples IPol 2:1. Paul speaks of those who love him in (the) faith Tit 3:15 (on the greeting here s. UWilcken, APF 6, 1920, 379; Sb 7253, 18–20 [296 A.D.] ἀσπάζομαι τοὺς φιλοῦντας ἡμᾶς κατʼ ὄνομα). The world loves those who belong to it J 15:19. Jesus’ disciples love him J 16:27b; 21:15–17 (some think that here φ. seems to be = ἀγαπάω, q.v. 1aβ, w. the lit. there, pro and con, but a more intimate relationship may be implied; one can extend ‘love’ in general, but close friendship is limited; cp. Aristot., EN 8; Cass. Dio 44, 48; s. lit. φίλος 2b); so do all true Christians 1 Cor 16:22 (CSpicq, NovT 1, ’56, 200–204). Christ also loves certain persons Rv 3:19; Lazarus (JLeal, VD 21, ’41, 59–64) J 11:3, 36; the beloved disciple 20:2. God loves the Son 5:20 and his disciples 16:27a (φ. of the love of a deity, Simonides, Fgm. 4, 12 οὓς ἂν οἱ θεοὶ φιλέωσιν [i.e. τ. ἀγαθούς]; Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 26; Biogr. p. 92; SibOr 3, 711). A directive to Christians: φιλεῖτε τοὺς μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς D 1, 3. θεὸς … φιλούμενος και παρακαλούμενος ἀκούει God heeds when called upon as a friend (Ox 849, 25–27; cp. AcPt [Aa I 73, 26]).—SRoads, A Study of φιλεῖν and ἀγαπᾶν in the NT: Review and Expositor 10, 1913, 531–33; CHogg, Note on ἀγαπ. and φιλέω: ET 38, 1927, 379f; BWarfield, The Terminology of Love in the NT: PTR 16, 1918, 1–45; 153–203; FNormann, diss. Münster, ’52; MPaeslack, Theologia Viatorum 5, ’53, 51–142; MLattke, Einheit im Wort ’75. S. the lit. s.v. ἀγάπη 1, end.

ⓑ w. acc. of thing (Hom. et al.; Wsd 8:2; ApcSed 11:4; AscIs 3:25; Just., Mel.) τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ J 12:25 (Tyrtaeus 7, 18 Diehl³ warns about φιλοψυχεῖν). Place of honor Mt 23:6.—Lk 20:46; Rv 22:15 (cp. Pr 29:3).

ⓒ W. inf. foll. like or love to do someth., hence do someth. often or customarily (Pind., N. 1, 12 [15]; Aeschyl., Sept. 619, Ag. 763; Soph., Aj. 989; Eur., Iph. T. 1198; Ps.-Eur., Rhes. 394; Hdt. 7, 10, 5; X., Hipparch. 7, 9; Pla., 7th Letter, 337b; Appian, Liby. 94 §442; Arrian, Anab. 3, 11, 2; Aelian, VH 14, 37; PGiss 84, 13; Is 56:10; Philo, Op. M. 103; Jos., Ant. 18, 60) φιλοῦσιν προσεύχεσθαι Mt 6:5. φιλοῦσιν καλεῖσθαι ῥαββί they like to be called ‘Rabbi’ 23:6f.

② to kiss as a special indication of affection, kiss (Aeschyl., Ag. 1540; Hdt. 1, 134; X., Cyr. 1, 4, 27; Pla., Phdr. 256a; Aristot., Prob. 30, 1, 8; Plut., Mor. 139d, Alex. 667 [6, 8]; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 1, 8; PSI 26, 13; Gen 27:26f; 29:11 al.; TestBenj 1:2; JosAs 8:3ff) τινά someone Mt 26:48; Mk 14:44; Lk 22:47; GJs 7:2.—B. 1110; 1114.—RJoly, Le vocabulaire chrétien de l’amour est-il original? φιλεῖν et ἀγαπᾶν dans le grec antique ’68. Schmidt, Syn. III 474–91. DELG s.v. φίλος. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Χριστός, οῦ (as an adj. in Trag. and LXX; TestReub 6:8; Just., D. 141, 3 [the compound νεόχριστος=newly plastered: Diod S, 38 and 39, Fgm. 4, 3; Appian, Bell. Civ. 1. 74 §342]; in our lit. only as a noun; pl. Just., D. 86, 3.—CTorrey, Χριστός: Quantulacumque ’37, 317–24), ὁ.

① fulfiller of Israelite expectation of a deliverer, the Anointed One, the Messiah, the Christ, appellative (cp. Ps 2:2; PsSol 17:32; 18:5, 7; TestSol 1:12 D; TestLevi 10:2; ParJer 9:19; Just. A I, 15, 7 al.; Mel., P. 102, 779 al.—ESellin, Die israel-jüd. Heilandserwartung 1909; EBurton, ICC Gal 1920, 395–99; AvGall, Βασιλεία τ. θεοῦ 1926; HGressmann, D. Messias 1929; PVolz, D. Eschatol. der jüd. Gemeinde im ntl. Zeitalter ’34; Dalman, Worte 237–45; Bousset, Rel.³ 227, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 3f; Billerb. I 6–11; MZobel, Gottes Gesalbter: D. Messias u. d. mess. Zeit in Talm. u. Midr. ’38; J-JBrierre-Narbonne, Le Messie souffrant dans la littérature rabbinique ’40; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 54–65; 81–96; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 265–67; WCvUnnik, NTS 8, ’62, 101–16; MdeJonge, The Use of ‘Anointed’ in the Time of Jesus, NovT 8, ’66; TRE XXII 630–35) ἐπυνθάνετο ποῦ ὁ Χριστὸς γεννᾶται he inquired where the Messiah was to be born Mt 2:4. Cp. 16:16, 20; 22:42; 23:8 v.l., 10; 24:5, 23; 26:63; Mk 1:34 v.l.; 8:29; 12:35; 13:21; 14:61; Lk 3:15; 4:41; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46; J 1:20, 25; 3:28; 4:29, 42 v.l.; 6:69 v.l.; 7:26f, 31, 41ab, 42; 9:22; 10:24; 11:27; 12:34 (WCvUnnik, NovT 3, ’59, 174–79); 20:31; Ac 2:30 v.l., 31, 36; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5, 28; 26:23; 1J 2:22; 5:1 (OPiper, JBL 66, ’47, 445). J translates Μεσσίας as Χριστός 1:41; 4:25. ὁ Χριστὸς κυρίου Lk 2:26; cp. 9:20; Ac 3:18; 4:26 (Ps 2:2); Rv 11:15; 12:10.—Ἰησοῦς ὁ Χριστός Jesus the Messiah (Mel., P. 10, 68) Ac 5:42 v.l.; 9:34 t.r.; 1 Cor 3:11 v.l.; 1J 5:6 v.l.; 1 Cl 42:1b; IEph 18:2. [Ἰησοῦν] τὸν Χριστὸν [καὶ σωτῆρα] ἡμῶν Jesus the Messiah, our Savior AcPl Ha 8, 28f. ὁ Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς Ac 5:42; 19:4 v.l. Ἰησοῦς ὁ λεγόμενος Χριστός Jesus, the so-called Messiah Mt 27:17, 22.—The transition to sense 2 is marked by certain passages in which Χριστός does not mean the Messiah in general (even when the ref. is to Jesus), but a very definite Messiah, Jesus, who now is called Christ not as a title but as a name (cp. Jos., Ant. 20, 200 Ἰησοῦ τοῦ λεγομένου Χριστοῦ; Just., D. 32, 1 ὁ ὑμέτερος λεγόμενος Χριστός. On the art. w. Χρ. s. B-D-F §260, 1; Rob. 760f) ἀκούσας τὰ ἔργα τοῦ Χριστοῦ Mt 11:2; cp. Ac 8:5; 9:20 v.l.; Ro 9:3, 5; 1 Cor 1:6, 13, 17; 9:12; 10:4, 16; 2 Cor 2:12; 4:4; Gal 1:7; 6:2; Eph 2:5; 3:17; 5:14; Phil 1:15; Col 1:7; 2:17; 2 Th 3:5; 1 Ti 5:11; Hb 3:14; 9:28; 1 Pt 4:13; 2J 9; Rv 20:4 al.

② the personal name ascribed to Jesus, Christ, which many gentiles must have understood in this way (to them it seemed very much like Χρηστός [even in pronunciation—cp. Alex. of Lycopolis, III A.D., C. Manich. 24 Brinkmann 1905 p. 34, 18f ], a name that is found in lit. [Appian, Mithrid. 10 §32 Σωκράτης …, ὅτῳ Χρηστὸς ἐπώνυμον ἦν; 57 §232 Σωκράτη τὸν Χρηστόν; Diod S 17, 15, 2 Φωκίων ὁ Χρηστός; Chion, Ep. 4, 3; Philostrat., Vi. Soph. 2, 11, 2: a pupil of Herodes Att.; Memnon Hist., I B.C./I A.D.: 434, Fgm. 1, 4, 8; 1, 22, 5 Jac. as surname or epithet of a beneficent ruler], in ins [e.g. fr. Bithynia ed. FDörner ’41 no. 31 a foundation by Chrestos for the Great Mother; Sb 8819, 5] and pap [Preisigke, Namenbuch]; cp. v.l. εἶδος τοῦ Χριστοῦ TestAsh 7:2f for ὕδωρ ἄχρηστον; s. also Suetonius, Claud. 25.—TLL, Suppl. 1, 407f; B-D-F §24 [lit.]; Rob. 192) Ἰησοῦς Χριστός Mt 1:1, 18; Mk 1:1; J 1:17; 17:3; Ac 2:38; 3:6; 4:10; 8:12; 9:34 al. Very oft. in the epistles Ro 1:4, 6, 8; 3:22; 5:15 (see s.v. Ἀδάμ); 1 Cor 2:2; Col 2:19 v.l. (in effect negating the metaph. force of κεφαλή) etc.; Hb 10:10; 13:8, 21; Js 1:1; 2:1; 1 Pt 1:1–3, 7; 2 Pt 1:1ab; 1J 1:3; 2:1; 3:23; 2J 7; Jd 1ab; Rv 1:1, 2, 5; 1 Cl 21:6 (GrBar 4:15); AcPl Ha 8, 24; AcPlCor 2:4 (GrBar 4:15; Ar., Just.; Mel., P. 45, 322).—Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς (SMcCasland, JBL 65, ’46, 377–83) Ac 24:24; Ro 3:24; 6:3, 11; 8:1f, *11 v.l.; 1 Cor 1:2, 4, 30 etc.; 1 Cl 32:4; 38:1; IEph 1:1; 11:1; 12:2; IMg ins.; ITr 9:2; IRo 1:1; 2:2; IPhld 10:1; 11:2; ISm 8:2; Pol 8:1 (s. Ltzm., Hdb. exc. on Ro 1:1); AcPl Ha (throughout, exc. 8, 24) ; AcPlCor, exc. 2:4 (Just., D. 35, 8; Mel., P. 6, 42).—Χριστός Mk 9:41; Ro 5:6, 8; 6:4, 9; 8:10 etc.; Col 3:16 λόγος τοῦ Χριστοῦ, perh.= the story of Christ; Hb 3:6; 9:11; 1 Pt 2:21; 3:18; AcPlCor 2:10 and 35; AcPl Ha 2, 30 and 33; 8, 9 and 18 (Ar. 15, 10; Just., A I, 4, 7; Mel., P. 65, 465).—On the combination of Χριστός w. κύριος s. κύριος (II) 2bγג. On the formula διὰ Χριστοῦ (Ἰησοῦ) s. διά A 4b; on ἐν Χριστῷ (Ἰησοῦ) s. ἐν 4c (also Goodsp, Probs. 146f); on σὺν Χριστῷ s. σύν 1bβ.—OSchmitz, D. Christusgemeinsch. des Pls im Lichte s. Genetivgebrauchs 1924.—SMowinckel, He that Cometh, tr. GAnderson ’54; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Background of NT Christology: CHDodd Festschr. ’64, 81–95. θεὸς χριστός Jd 5 P⁷².—On the question of Jesus’ Messianic consciousness s. the lit. s.v. Ἰησοῦς 3; υἱός 2, esp. d; also J-BFrey, Le conflit entre le Messianisme de Jésus et le Messianisme des Juifs de son temps: Biblica 14, ’33, 133–49; 269–93; KGoetz, Hat sich Jesus selbst für den Messias gehalten u. ausgegeben? StKr 105, ’33, 117–37; GBornkamm, Jesus von Naz. ’56, 155–63 (Engl. transl. JRobinson ’60, 169–78).—LCerfaux, Christ in the Theol. of St. Paul, tr. GWebb and AWalker, ’59; JMorgenstern, VetusT 11, ’61, 406–31; RFuller, The Foundations of NT Christology, ’65; WThüsing, Per Christum in Deum, ’65; HBraun, Qumran u. d. NT II ’66, 75–84; DJones, The Title ‘Christos’ in Lk-Ac, CBQ 32, ’70, 69–76; JKingsbury, Matthew: Structure, Christology, Kingdom ’75; RAC II 1250–62; TRE XXII 617–35; TLL Suppl. 1, 409–15.—DELG s.v. χρίω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀξιόω impf. ἠξίουν (s. B-D-F §328); fut. ἀξιώσω; 1 aor. ἠξίωσα. Pass. pres. impv. ἀξιούσθω; 1 fut. ἀξιωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠξιώθην Gen. 31:28; pf. ἠξίωμαι (Trag., Hdt.+).

① to consider suitable for requital or for receipt of someth. consider worthy, deserving τινά τινος (Diod S 17, 76, 3 τιμῆς ἠξίωσαν αὐτόν; schol. on Nicander, Alex. 8; 2 Macc 9:15; Jos., Vi. 231; Tat.; Mel., P. 97, 940) someone of someth. σὲ λόγου (Eur., Med. 962 ἡμᾶς ἀξιοῖ λόγου) you of a discussion MPol 10:2; cp. 14:2. ἵνα ὑμᾶς ἀξιώσῃ τ. κλήσεως ὁ θεός that God may count you worthy of the call (so KJV, 20th Century, Goodsp., REB et al.; ‘make worthy’ NRSV et al. lacks lexical support) that you are already heeding 2 Th 1:11; pass. Dg 9:1 (opp. ‘be adjudged unworthy’ of eternal life); also pass. (Diod S 16, 59, 2 τ. στρατηγίας ἠξιωμένος; schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 4, 1212–14a; Jos., Ant. 2, 258 τιμῆς) διπλῆς τιμῆς ἀξιοῦσθαι 1 Ti 5:17 (cp. Tat. 10, 2 τιμῆς καὶ δωρεᾶς). δόξης Hb 3:3. In connection with an undesirable consequence (Hdt. 3, 145; Diod S 16, 64, 1 ὑπὸ τοῦ δαιμονίου τιμωρίας ἠξιώθησαν) χείρονος τιμωρίας Hb 10:29 (Diod S 34+35, Fgm. 3 τῆς αὐτῆς τιμωρίας ἀξιῶσαί τινα). W. inf. foll. οὐδὲ ἐμαυτὸν ἠξίωσα πρὸς σὲ ἐλθεῖν I did not consider myself worthy to come to you Lk 7:7; MPol 20:1. Pass. w. inf. foll. be considered worthy (Simplicius in Epict. p. 110, 37 ἀξιοῦσθαι μανθάνειν; Gen 31:28; Just., D. 123, 1 λαὸς κεκλῆσθαι ἠξιωμένοι) IEph 9:2; 21:2; IMg 2:14; IRo 1:1.

② to make an evaluation concerning the suitability of someth., esp. an activity (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 34 §154; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 319; Jos., Ant. 1, 307; Just., A I, 68, 3 al.; Ath. 2, 3 al.)

ⓐ deem, hold an opinion, w. inf. foll. (EpJer 40; Just., A I, 16, 14 [acc. w. inf.]; 23:1 al.; Ath.) ἠξίου, μὴ συνπαραλαμβάνειν τοῦτον he insisted (impf.) that they should not take him along Ac 15:38. ἀξιοῦμεν παρὰ σοῦ ἀκοῦσαι we would like to hear from you Ac 28:22. Cp. Dg 3:2; 7:1.

ⓑ request, ask (a sense characteristic of later Gk.), w. implication of evaluation of need and ability of the potential giver to meet it (X., Mem. 3, 11, 12; Herodas 6, 79; so mostly LXX; Just., D. 106, 1) w. inf. foll. (Demet.: 722 Fgm. 1, 6 Jac.; Jos., ant. 1. 338; Alex. Aphr., An. Mant. II, 1 p. 184, 2 ἀξ. παρὰ θεῶν μαθεῖν=ask to learn from the gods; Just., A I, 3, 12 al.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 13) Ac 13:42 and 43 both v.l.; 1 Cl 51:1; 53:5; 59:4. W. acc. of pers. and ἵνα foll. Hv 4, 1, 3. Only w. acc. of pers. 1 Cl 55:6. In the passages from 1 Cl and H the request is directed to God (so UPZ 78, 22 [159 B.C.]. Prayers for vengeance from Rheneia in Dssm., LO 352, 354 [LAE 423ff ]=SIG 1181, 1f [II/I B.C.] ἐπικαλοῦμαι καὶ ἀξιῶ τ. θεὸν τὸν ὕψιστον. Jer 7:16; 11:14; EpArist 245).—DELG s.v. ἄξιος. M-M. TW.

ἄγω fut. ἄξω; 2 aor. ἤγαγον; also 3 pl. ἤγαγαν (GJs 10:1); ἠγάγοσαν LXX; pf. ἀγήοχα LXX. Pass.: impf. ἠγόμην; 1 fut. ἀχθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἤχθην; pf. 3 sg. ἦκται Is 23:1. See the pres. act. impv. ἄγε as a separate entry (Hom.+).

① to direct the movement of an object from one position to another

ⓐ lead, bring, lead off, lead away w. acc. τὴν ὄνον καὶ τὸν πῶλον Mt 21:7 (cp. Just., A I, 32, 6; 54, 7); γυναῖκα J 8:3; παῖδα Ac 20:12. ἄγαγε αὐτήν bring her here! AcPl Ha 2, 15f. θέλεις χαλκέα ἄγωμεν; Do you wish us to fetch a locksmith? 3, 5. W. acc. and indication of the goal πρὸς αὐτόν Lk 4:40; 18:40; cp. 19:35; J 9:13; Ac 9:27; 23:18. πρὸς τὸ συμψέλιον Hv 3, 1, 7. εἰς τὴν ἔρημον B 7:8. ἐπὶ σφαγήν to be slaughtered Ac 8:32; 1 Cl 16:7; B 5:2 (all three Is 53:7). ἔξω J 19:4, 13; ὧδε Lk 19:27. W. dat. of pers. (1 Macc 7:2) ἀγάγετέ μοι bring it to me Mt 21:2. τινὰ σύν τινι (cp. PGM 1, 179) 1 Th 4:14. Pass. τὸ πλοῖον ἀγόμενον εἰς Μακεδονίαν the ship sailing for Macedonia AcPl Ha 5, 15.—In transf. sense, of Jesus as shepherd J 10:16; ὁ θεὸς ἤγαγεν τῷ Ἰσραὴλ σωτῆρα Ἰησοῦν God brought Jesus as savior to Israel Ac 13:23.

ⓑ bring/take along (Jos., Ant. 10, 179) εἰς Ἀντιόχειαν Ac 11:26. ἕως Ἀθηνῶν 17:15. ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄρειον πάγον vs. 19; ἄγοντες παρʼ ᾧ ξενισθῶμεν Μνάσωνι (=πρὸς Μνάσωνα) ἵνα παρʼ αὐτῷ ξενισθῶμεν 21:16; s. on this ξενίζω and B-D-F §294, 5; Rob. 719). ἄγε μετὰ σεαυτοῦ bring (him) along 2 Ti 4:11 (PPetr II, 32 [2a], 13 ἄγων μεθʼ αὑτοῦ).

② to take into custody, lead away, arrest, legal t.t. w. acc. Mk 13:11; Lk 22:54; J 7:45; Ac 5:26. ὅπως δεδεμένους ἀγάγῃ εἰς Ἰερουσαλήμ 9:2; cp. 22:5. Of arraignment and trial w. ἐπί and acc. (BGU 22, 34ff; PTebt 331, 16f; Just., A II, 2, 12) ἐπὶ ἡγεμόνας Mt 10:18. ἐπὶ τὸ βῆμα Ac 18:12. ἐπʼ ἐξουσίαν Hs 9, 28, 4. εἰς τὸ συνέδριον Ac 6:12. [εἰς τὸ συμ]β[ο]ύ̣λιον AcPl BMM verso 20 (cp. Just. A II, 10, 4 εἰς δικαστήριον). Abs. Ac 25:6, 17, 23. Of the transport of a prisoner 23:31; J 18:28. εἰς τὴν παρεμβολήν take away to the barracks Ac 21:34; 23:10. Of leading away to execution (cp. Diod S 13, 102, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 9 §36; Lucian, Syr. Dea 25; 2 Macc 6:29; 7:18) Lk 23:32; J 19:16 v.l.; s. entry ἀπάγω 2c.

③ to lead/guide morally or spiritually, lead, encourage (in the direction of) (X., Mem. 1, 6, 14 ἐπὶ καλοκἀγαθίαν; Demosth. 25, 76 εἰς ἔλεον; 18, 316 εἰς ἀχαριστίαν; Pr 18:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 174; εἰς πίστιν Just., A I, 10, 4; εἰς ἐπίστασιν καὶ ἀνάμνησιν 44, 11) τινὰ εἰς μετάνοιαν Ro 2:4 (Polyb. 5, 16, 2 εἰς μετάνοιαν ἄξειν τ. βασιλέα; EpArist 188; Jos., Ant. 4, 144); εἰς δόξαν Hb 2:10. Of jealousy ἄ. εἰς θάνατον 1 Cl 9:1. γυναικάρια ἀγόμενα ἐπιθυμίαις ποικίλαις 2 Ti 3:6 (Aristot., EN 7, 3, 10, 1147a, 34 ἡ ἐπιθυμία ἄγει. Cp. Eur., Med. 310 σε θυμὸς ἦγεν; Pla., Prot. 355a ὑπὸ τ. ἡδονῶν ἀγόμενος; Demosth. 18, 9 τοῖς ἔξωθεν λόγοις ἠγμένος; Parthenius 29, 2 ἄγειν εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν=entice to desire; ἤγοντο εἰς τοὺς χώρους τῶν ἐπιθυμιῶν Mel., P. 50, 359). Freq. of the working of the Spirit on human beings: pass. be led, allow oneself to be led πνεύματι θεοῦ ἄγεσθαι Ro 8:14; cp. Gal 5:18; Lk 4:1, 9 (on the “permissive pass.” s. Gildersleeve, Syntax I §167).—1 Cor 12:2 is difficult: ὅτι πρὸς τὰ εἴδωλα τὰ ἄφωνα ὡς ἂν ἤγεσθε ἀπαγόμενοι may be transl. how you were attracted, carried away again and again to mute idols, where ἄν denotes repetition, and ὡς takes up the preceding ὅτι; for another expl., presupposing the rdg. ὡς ἀνήγεσθε, s. JWeiss ad loc.; s. also ICC ad loc. (Psellus p. 96, 33 offers a choice between ἂν ἀγάγοι and ἀναγάγοι; Herodas 6, 73 ἂν εὑρήσεις RHerzog or ἀνευρήσεις AKnox; CB I/2, 390 no. 248 ὸ̔ς ἂν ὀρύξει or ὸ̔ς ἀνορύξει). [τ]ὰς ἐπὶ τὴν ἀπάτην ἀγούσας (paths) that lead to deceit AcPl Ha 1, 13.

④ to make use of time for a specific purpose, spend, observe (Eur., Hdt.+; Aberciusins 18; LXX) ἀ. τὴν ἡμέραν τὴν ὀγδόην εἰς εὐφροσύνην celebrate the eighth day as a festival of joy B 15:9 (cp. OGI 90, 47 [196 B.C.] ἄγειν τὰς ἡμέρας ταύτας ἑορτάς; PCairGoodsp 3, 18 [III B.C.] ἡμέραν καλὴν ἤγαγον; freq. in PCairZen, s. Preis. IV). Perh. impers. τρίτην ταύτην ἡμέραν ἄγει this is the third day Lk 24:21; but, since this expr. cannot be found elsewhere, it is prob. better to supply Ἰησοῦς as subj. (B-D-F §129) lit. Jesus is spending the third day (cp. Galen XIII 581 Kühn τετάρτην ἡμέραν ἄγων ἀνώδυνος ἦν, ad Glauc. de med. meth. 1, 16 XI 65 K. πόστην ἄγει τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ νοσεῖν ἡμέραν ὁ ἄνθρωπος). Of festivals celebrate, observe (Hdt.+; Aesop, Fab. 389 P. γενέθλιον ἄγειν; PCairZen 541, 5 [III B.C.] Jos., Ant 11, 77, cp. 1 Esdr 5:50; ἄγοντα ἑορτάς Ar. 10, 8; μυστήρια ἄγετε Just., A I, 25, 1; Ath. 1, 1) γενέσια Mt 14:6 v.l.; τὸ σάββατον PtK 2 p. 14, 28; νεομηνίαν ibid. ln. 29. Of meetings (like Lat. agere) συμβούλιον ἄγειν hold a meeting IPol 7:2. Pass. ἀγοραῖοι ἄγονται (s. ἀγοραῖος 2) Ac 19:38.

⑤ to move away from a position, go, intr. (X. et al.) ἄγωμεν let us go (so Vi. Aesopi G 77 P.; loanw. in rabb.; B-D-F §308) Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 11:16. W. the goal given (Ael. Aristid. 51, 28 K.=27 p. 541 D.: εἰς τὸ ἱερόν; Epict. 3, 22, 55 ἄγωμεν ἐπὶ τ. ἀνθύπατον) εἰς τὰς κωμοπόλεις Mk 1:38. εἰς τὴν Ἰουδαίαν J 11:7. εἰς τὸ ὄρος ApcPt 2:4. εἰς ἀγρόν Hs 6, 1, 5; ἐπὶ τὴν θεωρίαν AcPl Ha 4, 7; πρὸς αὐτόν J 11:15. παρὰ τὸν πύργον Hs 9, 5, 6. ἄγωμεν ἴδωμεν τὸν ἔχοντα τὸν θεὸν θηριομαχοῦντα let us go and see this man, who possesses divinity, fight with the beasts AcPl Ha 4, 7. W. the point of departure given ἐντεῦθεν J 14:31. JFitzmyer, The Use of Agein and Pherein in the Synoptics: Gingrich Festschr. 147–60.—B. 711; 713. DELG. M-M.

αἴρω fut. ἀρῶ; 1 aor. ᾖρα (ἦρα v.l.; TestAbr; GrBar); pf. ἦρκα Col 2:14. Pass.: 1 fut. ἀρθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἤρθην; pf. ἦρμαι J 20:1; Hs 9, 5, 4 (Hom.+; he, like some later wr., has ἀείρω).

① to raise to a higher place or position, lift up, take up, pick up

ⓐ lit., of stones (Dio Chrys. 12 [13], 2) J 8:59 (cp. Jos., Vi. 303); Rv 18:21; Hs 9, 4, 7. Fish Mt 17:27; coffin 1 Cl 25:3; hand (X., An. 7, 3, 6) Rv 10:5 (Dt 32:40). Hands, in prayer 1 Cl 29:1 (Ael. Aristid. 24, 50 K.=44 p. 840 D.; 54 p. 691; PUps 8 p. 30 no. 14 [pre-Christian] Θεογένης αἴρει τὰς χεῖρας τῷ Ἡλίῳ; Sb 1323 [II A.D.] θεῷ ὑψίστῳ καὶ πάντων ἐπόπτῃ καὶ Ἡλίῳ καὶ Νεμέσεσι αἴρει Ἀρσεινόη ἄωρος τὰς χεῖρας). But αἴ. τὴν χεῖρα ἀπό τινος withdraw one’s hand fr. someone= renounce or withdraw fr. someone B 19:5; D 4:9. Of snakes pick up Mk 16:18. κλίνην Mt 9:6. κλινίδιον Lk 5:24. κράβαττον Mk 2:9, 11f; J 5:8–12. Of a boat that is pulled on board Ac 27:17. Of a spirit that carries a person away Hv 2, 1, 1 (cp. TestAbr B 10 p. 115, 11 [Stone p. 78] of angels). Take up a corpse to carry it away AcPt Ox 849 verso, 8 (cp. TestAbr A 20 p.103, 20 [Stone p. 54]). αἴ. σύσσημον raise a standard ISm 1:2 (Is 5:26); αἴ. τινὰ τῶν ἀγκώνων take someone by one’s arms Hv 1, 4, 3. For Ac 27:13 s. 6 below.—Pass. 2 Cl 7:4. ἄρθητι (of mountains) arise Mt 21:21; Mk 11:23. ἤρθη νεκρός Ac 20:9.

ⓑ fig. αἴ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς ἄνω look upward (in prayer, as Ps 122:1; Is 51:6 al.) J 11:41. For 10:24 s. 5 below. αἴ. φωνήν raise one’s voice, cry out loudly (1 Km 11:4; 30:4; 2 Km 3:32 al.) Lk 17:13. πρός τινα Ac 4:24.

② to lift up and move from one place to another

ⓐ take/carry (along) lit. w. obj. acc. σταυρόν Mt 16:24; 27:32; Mk 8:34; 15:21; Lk 9:23. ζυγόν (La 3:27) Mt 11:29. τινὰ ἐπὶ χειρῶν 4:6; Lk 4:11 (both Ps 90:12). Pass. Mk 2:3. αἴ. τι εἰς ὁδόν take someth. along for the journey 6:8; Lk 9:3, cp. 22:36. Of a gambler’s winnings Mk 15:24.—Fig. δόξαν ἐφʼ ἑαυτὸν αἴ. claim honor for oneself B 19:3.

ⓑ carry away, remove lit. ταῦτα ἐντεῦθεν J 2:16 (ins [218 B.C.]: ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΑ 7, ’34, p. 179, 15 ταῦτα αἰρέσθω; Just., D. 56, 3 σκευῶν ἀρθέντων). Crucified body of Jesus 19:38; cp. vs. 31; 20:2, 13, 15; of John the Baptist Mt 14:12; Mk 6:29. A stone from a grave-opening J 11:39, 41; pass. 20:1. οἱ αἴροντες οὐκ ἀνέφερον those who took something (a mouthful) brought nothing (to their mouth) GJs 18:2 (not pap). τὸ περισσεῦον the remainder Mt 14:20; 15:37; cp. Lk 9:17. περισσεύματα Mk 8:8. κλάσματα fragments 6:43; baskets 8:19f. ζώνην take off Ac 21:11; take: τὸ σόν what belongs to you Mt 20:14; τὰ ἀρκοῦντα what was sufficient for him Hs 5, 2, 9. αἴ. τι ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας get someth. fr. the house Mk 13:15; cp. vs.16 and Mt 24:17; cp. 24:18; Lk 17:31; take (a body) from a tomb J 20:2, 13, 15; take τινὰ ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου 17:15.

③ to take away, remove, or seize control without suggestion of lifting up, take away, remove. By force, even by killing: abs. ἆρον, ἆρον away, away (with him)! J 19:15 (cp. POxy 119, 10 [Dssm., LO 168; LAE 188 n. 22]; Philo, In Flacc. 144; ἆρον twice also La 2:19 v.l., in different sense). W. obj. αἶρε τοῦτον Lk 23:18; cp. Ac 21:36; 22:22. ἆραι τόν μάγον AcPl Ha 4, 35f; αἶρε τοὺς ἀθέους (s. ἄθεος 2a) MPol 3:2; 9:2 (twice); sweep away Mt 24:39; ὡς μελλούσης τῆς πόλεως αἴρεσθαι as though the city were about to be destroyed AcPl Ha 5, 17; cp. κόσμος ἔρεται (=αἴρεται) ἐμ πυρί 2, 26f. W. the connot. of force or injustice or both (Epict. 1, 18, 13; PTebt 278, 27; 35; 38 [I A.D.]; SSol 5:7): τὸ ἱμάτιον Lk 6:29; cp. vs. 30; D 1:4. τὴν πανοπλίαν all his weapons Lk 11:22; τάλαντον Mt 25:28; cp. Lk 19:24. Fig. τὴν κλεῖδα τῆς γνώσεως 11:52. Pass.: Mt 13:12; Mk 4:25; Lk 8:18; 19:26. Conquer, take over (Diod S 11, 65, 3 πόλιν) τόπον, ἔθνος J 11:48. For Lk 19:21f s. 4 below. αἴ. τὴν ψυχὴν ἀπό τινος J 10:18 (cp. EFascher, Deutsche Theol. ’41, 37–66).—Pass. ἀπὸ τῆς γῆς Ac 8:33b (Is 53:8; Just., D. 110, 6). ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία Mt 21:43.—Of Satan τὸν λόγον τὸν ἐσπαρμένον εἰς αὐτούς Mk 4:15; cp. Lk 8:12. τὴν χαρὰν ὑμῶν οὐδεὶς αἴρει ἀφʼ ὑμῶν no one will deprive you of your joy J 16:22. ἐξ ὑμῶν πᾶσαν ὑπόκρισιν rid ourselves of all pretension B 21:4; ἀπὸ τῆς καρδίας τὰς διψυχίας αἴ. put away doubt fr. their heart Hv 2, 2, 4. αἴ. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ put away fr. oneself Hm 9:1; 10, 1, 1; 10, 2, 5; 12, 1, 1. αἴ. ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου remove, expel (fr. among) (Epict. 3, 3, 15; Plut., Mor. 519d; BGU 388 II, 23 ἆρον ταῦτα ἐκ τοῦ μέσου; PHib 73, 14; Is 57:2) 1 Cor 5:2 (v.l. ἐξαρθῇ); a bond, note, certificate of indebtedness αἴ. ἐκ τοῦ μέσου destroy Col 2:14. Of branches cut off J 15:2. Prob. not intrans., since other exx. are lacking, but w. ‘something’ supplied αἴρει τὸ πλήρωμα ἀπὸ τοῦ ἱματίου the patch takes someth. away fr. the garment Mt 9:16; cp. Mk 2:21. Remove, take away, blot out (Eur., El. 942 κακά; Hippocr., Epid. 5, 49, p. 236 pain; cp. Job 6:2; IG II, 467, 81 ζημίας; Epict. 1, 7, 5 τὰ ψευδῆ; SIG 578, 42 τ. νόμον; Pr 1:12; EpArist 215; Just., D. 117, 3) τὴν ἁμαρτίαν τ. κόσμου J 1:29, 36 v.l.; 1 J 3:5 (Is 53:12 Aq., s. PKatz, VetusT 8, ’58, 272; cp. 1 Km 15:25; 25:28). Pass. Ac 8:33a (Is 53:8); Eph 4:31. Fig. take, in order to make someth. out of the obj. 1 Cor 6:15.

④ to make a withdrawal in a commercial sense, withdraw, take, ext. of 2 αἴρεις ὸ̔ οὐκ ἔθηκας Lk 19:21f (banking t.t.: JBernays, Ges. Abh. I 1885, 272f; JSmith, JTS 29, 1928, 158).

⑤ to keep in a state of uncertainty about an outcome, keep someone in suspense, fig. ext. of 1 αἴ. τὴν ψυχήν τινος J 10:24 (Nicetas, De Manuele Comm. 3, 5 [MPG CXXXIX 460a]: ἕως τίνος αἴρεις, Σαρακηνέ, τὰς ψυχὰς ἡμῶν; The expr. αἴ. τὴν ψυχήν w. different mng. Ps 24:1; 85:4; 142:8; Jos., Ant. 3, 48).

⑥ to raise a ship’s anchor for departure, weigh anchor, depart, ext. of 1, abs. (cp. Thu. et al.; Philo, Mos. 1, 85; Jos., Ant. 7, 97; 9, 229; 13, 86 ἄρας ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης κατέπλευσεν εἰς Κιλίκιαν) Ac 27:13.—Rydbeck 155f; B. 669f. DELG s.v. 1 ἀείρω. M-M. TW.

λογίζομαι (λόγος) impf. ἐλογιζόμην; fut. λογιοῦμαι LXX; 1 aor. ἐλογισάμην; pf. λελόγιμαι LXX. Pass.: 1 aor. ἐλογίσθην; 1 fut. λογισθήσομαι. Mid. dep. (B-D-F §311; Rob. 816; 819) (Soph., Hdt.+) prim. a mathematical and accounting term, then of cognitive processes. In our lit. esp. used by Paul.; s. GThomas, ET 17, 1906, 211ff.

① to determine by mathematical process, reckon, calculate, freq. in a transf. sense

ⓐ count, take into account τὶ someth. ἡ ἀγάπη οὐ λογίζεται τὸ κακόν love keeps no score of wrongs (REB) 1 Cor 13:5 (cp. Zech 8:17). λ. τί τινι count someth. against someone, to punish the person for it (Simplicius in Epict. p. 79, 15 τὴν ἁμαρτίαν οὐ τῷ πράττοντι λογίζονται; TestZeb 9:7; Just., D. 141, 2f) μὴ λογιζόμενος αὐτοῖς τὰ παραπτώματα 2 Cor 5:19.—οὗ (v.l. ᾧ) οὐ μὴ λογίσηται κύριος ἁμαρτίαν Ro 4:8; 1 Cl 50:6 (both Ps 31:2; cp. 1 Cl 60:2). Pass. (Lev 17:4) μὴ αὐτοῖς λογισθείη (on the form s. Mlt-H. 217) 2 Ti 4:16.—But ‘place to one’s account’ can also mean credit τῷ ἐργαζομένῳ ὁ μισθὸς οὐ λογίζεται κατὰ χάριν a worker’s wages are not credited as a favor (but as a claim) Ro 4:4. ᾧ ὁ θεὸς λογίζεται δικαιοσύνην vs. 6. Pass. εἰς τὸ λογισθῆναι αὐτοῖς τ. δικαιοσύνην vs. 11.—λ. τινί τι εἴς τι credit someth. to someone as someth. pass. ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην (after Gen 15:6; cp. Ps 105:31; 1 Macc 2:52) Ro 4:3, 5, 9, 22 (WDiezinger, NovT 5, ’62, 288–98 [rabbinic use of λογ.]); Gal 3:6; Js 2:23; 1 Cl 10:6.—Cp. also Ro 4:10, 23f.—H-WHeidland, D. Anrechnung des Glaubens zur Gerechtigkeit ’36; FDanker, in Gingrich Festschr. ’72, 104.—λ. εἴς τινα put on someone’s account, charge to someone (cp. the commercial terminology OGI 595, 15 τὰ ἕτερα ἀναλώματα ἑαυτοῖς ἐλογισάμεθα, ἵνα μὴ τὴν πόλιν βαρῶμεν; PFay 21, 9) μή τις εἰς ἐμὲ λογίσηται so that no one may credit me 2 Cor 12:6.

ⓑ as a result of a calculation evaluate, estimate, look upon as, consider (Hyperid. 2, 20; TestSol 4:11) εἰς οὐθὲν λογισθῆναι be looked upon as nothing (Is 40:17; Wsd 3:17; 9:6) Ac 19:27. τὰ τέκνα τ. ἐπαγγελίας λογίζεται εἰς σπέρμα the children of the promise are looked upon as seed Ro 9:8 (cp. La 4:2). οὐχ ἡ ἀκροβυστία αὐτοῦ εἰς περιτομὴν λογισθήσεται; will not his uncircumcision be regarded as circumcision? 2:26. οὔτε τοὺς νομιζομένους ὑπὸ τῶν Ἑλλήνων θεοὺς λογίζονται they do not recognize the deities honored by the Greeks Dg 1:1.—Count, class (PLond II, 328, 8 p. 75 [II A.D.] of a camel’s colt: λογιζομένου νυνὶ ἐν τελείοις=‘which is now classed among the full-grown’) μετὰ ἀνόμων ἐλογίσθη he was classed among the criminals (Is 53:12) Mk 15:27 [28] v.l.; Lk 22:37. Also (exactly like the LXX) ἐν τοῖς ἀνόμοις ἐλογίσθη 1 Cl 16:13. μετὰ τῶν ἐθνῶν ἐλογίσθησαν they were counted with the nations Hs 8, 9, 3.—οὐκ ἐλογίσθη he was held in disrespect 1 Cl 16:3 (Is 53:3).—λ. τινα ὡς w. acc. consider, look upon someone as: ἡμᾶς λογιζέσθω ἄνθρωπος ὡς ὑπηρέτας Χριστοῦ 1 Cor 4:1. λ. ἡμᾶς ὡς κατὰ σάρκα περιπατοῦντας 2 Cor 10:2b. Pass. ἐλογίσθημεν ὡς πρόβατα σφαγῆς Ro 8:36 (Ps 43:23). πιστοὶ λογισθέντες regarded as believers Dg 11:2. ὁ σήμερον υἱὸς λογισθείς who today is celebrated as a Son 11:5 (Ps 2:7). λ. τινα foll. by acc. and inf. (Is 53:4) λογίζεσθε ἑαυτοὺς εἶναι νεκρούς consider yourselves dead Ro 6:11. ἡμεῖς ἐλογισάμεθα αὐτὸν εἶναι ἐν πόνῳ we deemed him to be in pain (as punishment) 1 Cl 16:4.

② to give careful thought to a matter, think (about), consider, ponder, let one’s mind dwell on τὶ someth. (PsSol 2, 28b; ApcEsdr 3:9; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 227 ταῦτα; Jos., Ant. 6, 211) Phil 4:8. Foll. by ὅτι (PsSol 2, 28a; Philo, Somn. 2, 169; Jos., Ant. 11, 142; Ath., R. 9 p. 57, 30) J 11:50; Hb 11:19. τοῦτο λ. ὅτι 2 Cor 10:11, 7 (here ἐφʼ [v.l. ἀφʼ] ἑαυτοῦ in his own mind is added); B 1:5. W. ἐν ἑαυτῷ and direct speech Hs 5, 2, 4 (cp. GrBar 4:12); w. ἐν ἑαυταῖς and direct question foll. Lk 24:1 D; also ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις αὐτῶν πότερον … ἤ Hs 9, 28, 4.—Have in mind, propose, purpose Dg 7:3 (Mel., P. 63, 455); w. inf. foll. (X., An. 2, 2, 13; 1 Macc 6:19) 2 Cor 10:2a. Think out τὶ someth. (Ps 51:4) ὡς ἐξ ἑαυτῶν as (if) of ourselves 3:5. Reason or make plans (Wsd 2:1) ὡς νήπιος like a child 1 Cor 13:11.

③ to hold a view about someth., think, believe, be of the opinion w. ὅτι foll. (Just., A I, 8, 1 al.) Ro 8:18. W. acc. and ὅτι foll.: λογίζῃ τοῦτο …, ὅτι; do you imagine that? 2:3. Foll. by acc. and inf. (Wsd 15:12; Just., A I, 53, 1; Tat., Ath.) λογιζόμεθα δικαιοῦσθαι ἄνθρωπον we hold a person to be justified 3:28. λ. τι κοινὸν εἶναι 14:14. ἐμαυτὸν οὐ (v.l. οὔπω) λ. κατειληφέναι I consider that I have not yet attained Phil 3:13. ὸ̔ν λογίζομαι καὶ τοὺς ἀθέους ἐντρέπεσθαι whom, I think, even the godless respect ITr 3:2. Foll. by the inf. alone 2 Cor 11:5; Dg 3:3 (Just., D. 102, 7 al.).—ὡς λογίζομαι as I think 1 Pt 5:12; Mk 11:31 v.l.—DELG s.v. λέγω 2. M-M. EDNT. TW.

πιστός, ή, όν (πείθω; Hom.+).

① pertaining to being worthy of belief or trust, trustworthy, faithful, dependable, inspiring trust/faith, pass. aspect of πιστεύω (Hom.+).

ⓐ of pers.

α. of human beings (and Christ) δοῦλος (1 Km 22:14; 2 Macc 1:2; OdeSol 11:22; Jos., Ant. 6, 256; SIG 910 A, 5 [Christian]; PLond II, 251, 14 p. 317 [IV A.D.] δούλους πιστοὺς καὶ ἀδράστους): δοῦλε ἀγαθὲ καὶ πιστέ Mt 25:21a, 23a; cp. 24:45; Hs 5, 2, 2 πιστότατος (v.l. πιστός). οἰκονόμος Lk 12:42; 1 Cor 4:2. μάρτυς (Pind., P. 1, 88; 12, 27; Pr 14:5, 25; Ps 88:38; Jer 49:5; Philo, Sacr. Abel. 17) ὁ μάρτυς μου ὁ πιστός μου Rv 2:13 (μάρτυς 3); in this ‘book of martyrs’ Christ is ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστὸς (καὶ ὁ ἀληθινός) 1:5; 3:14; cp. 19:11 (the combination of ἀληθινός and πιστός in the last two passages is like 3 Macc 2:11). Cp. Rv 17:14. πιστὸς ἀρχιερεύς a faithful or reliable high priest Hb 2:17 (of Christ); cp. 3:2 (ἀρχιερέα … πιστὸν ὄντα τῷ ποιήσαντι αὐτόν). σύμβουλοι πιστοί B 21:4. πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι reliable persons 2 Ti 2:2 (cp. Is 8:2; sing. Tob 5:3 S; 10:6 S; ApcEsdr 2:2). Paul honors his co-workers w. π. as a designation: Timothy 1 Cor 4:17. Tychicus Eph 6:21; Col 4:7 (both πιστὸς διάκονος ἐν κυρίῳ). Onesimus Col 4:9. Epaphras 1:7 (πιστὸς ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διάκονος τοῦ Χριστοῦ). Cp. 1 Pt 5:12 (διὰ Σιλουανοῦ τ. πιστοῦ ἀδελφοῦ).—Moses was πιστὸς ἐν ὅλῳ τῷ οἴκῳ αὐτοῦ Hb 3:5 (Num 12:7). πιστόν τινα ἡγεῖσθαι consider someone trustworthy (Aristoph., Plut. 27) 1 Ti 1:12 (cp. Hb 11:11; s. β below); s. PtK 3 p. 15, 18. γίνου πιστός (γίνομαι 7 and cp. Jos., Vi. 110, Ant. 19, 317) Rv 2:10.—πιστὸς ἔν τινι faithful, reliable, trustworthy in someth. (TestJos 9:2 π. ἐν σωφροσύνῃ) ἐν τῷ ἀδίκῳ μαμωνᾷ in matters relating to unrighteous wealth Lk 16:11. ἐν τῷ ἀλλοτρίῳ in connection with what belongs to someone else vs. 12. ὁ π. ἐν ἐλαχίστῳ καὶ ἐν πολλῷ π. ἐστιν one who is trustworthy in a very small matter is also trustworthy in a large one vs. 10; 2 Cl 8:5; cp. Lk 19:17. π. ἐν πᾶσιν trustworthy in every respect 1 Ti 3:11. Also ἐπί τι in (connection w.) someth. Mt 25:21b, 23b.—When Paul explains in 1 Cor 7:25 that the Lord graciously granted him the privilege of being πιστός, and uses this as a basis for his claim to be heard w. respect, πιστός can hardly mean ‘believing’ (s. 2 below); the apostle rather feels that in a special sense he has been called and commissioned because of the confidence God has in him (πιστός is almost like a title=‘trusted man, commissioner’, oft. in ins of distinguished pers.: ISyriaW 2022a; 2029; 2034; 2045f; 2127f; 2130; 2219; 2238–40; 2243; 2394; cp. SEG XLII, 1484, 1599.—Corresp. πίστις=‘position of trust’: Achilles Tat. 8, 15, 1 οἱ ἄρχοντες οἱ ταύτην ἔχοντες τὴν πίστιν).

β. of God as the One in whom we can have full confidence (Pind., N. 10, 54; Dt 7:9; 32:4; Is 49:7; PsSol 14:1; 7:10; Philo, Rer. Div. Her. 93, Sacr. Abel. 93, Leg. All. 3, 204) 1 Cor 1:9; 10:13; 2 Cor 1:18; 1 Th 5:24; Hb 10:23; 11:11; 1 Pt 4:19; 1J 1:9; 1 Cl 60:1; ITr 13:3. π. ἐν ταῖς ἐπαγγελίαις 1 Cl 27:1 (cp. Ps 144:13a πιστὸς κύριος ἐν τοῖς λόγοις αὐτοῦ). πιστός ἐστιν ὁ ἐπαγγειλάμενος (God) is trustworthy, who has promised 2 Cl 11:6.—Also of the ‘Lord’ (Christ), who is spoken of in the same way as God 2 Th 3:3; 2 Ti 2:13.

ⓑ of things, esp. of words (Hdt. 8, 83; Pla., Tim. 49b; Aristot., Rhet. 2, 1, 1377b, 23; Polyb. 3, 9, 4; 15, 7, 1; Plut., Mor. 160e; Cass. Dio 37, 35; Jos., Ant. 19, 132; Just., D. 11, 2 διαθήκη; Ath., R. 17 p. 69, 16 τὸ πιστόν; Aberciusins. 6 γράμματα πιστά [of a divine teacher]) πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (Dionys. Hal. 3, 23, 17; Dio Chrys. 28 [45], 3) it is a trustworthy saying 1 Ti 1:15; 3:1; 4:9; 2 Ti 2:11; Tit 3:8; cp. 1:9 (JBover, Biblica 19, ’38, 74–79). οἱ λόγοι πιστοὶ καὶ ἀληθινοί Rv 21:5; 22:6. Opp. ψευδής Hm 3:5ab. On τὰ ὅσια, Δαυὶδ τὰ πιστά Ac 13:34 s. ὅσιος 3.—Of water dependable (i.e. not likely to dry up suddenly; cp. Dt 28:59 νόσοι πισταί), unfailing, plentiful B 11:5 (Is 33:16). πιστὸν ποιεῖν τι act loyally 3J 5.

② pert. to being trusting, trusting, cherishing faith/trust act. aspect of πιστεύω (Aeschyl., Pers. 55, Prom. 916; Soph., Oed. Col. 1031; Pla., Leg. 7, 824; Cass. Dio 37, 12, 1; Just., A I, 53, 10 al.), also believing, full of faith, faithful (cp. POxy 1380, 152 ὁρῶσί σε [=Isis] οἱ κατὰ τὸ πιστὸν ἐπικαλούμενοι [on this s. AFestugière, RB 41, ’32, 257–61]; Sextus 1; 8; Wsd 3:9; Sir 1:14, 24 v.l.; Ps 100:6; SibOr 3, 69; 724) of OT worthies: Abraham (who is oft. called πιστός; cp. Philo, Post. Cai. 173 Ἀβρ. ὁ πιστὸς ἐπώνυμος; 2 Macc 1:2; 1 Macc 2:52; Sir 44:20) Gal 3:9; 1 Cl 10:1; Νῶε πιστὸς εὑρεθείς 9:4; Moses 17:5; 43:1 (both Num 12:7) and s. 1aα above (Hb 3:5). Of believers in contrast to doubters Hm 11:1ab. Of belief in the resurrection of Jesus μὴ γίνου ἄπιστος ἀλλὰ πιστός J 20:27. Of one who confesses the Christian faith believing or a believer in the Lord, in Christ, in God π. τῷ κυρίῳ Ac 16:15. Also π. ἐν κυρίῳ Hm 4, 1, 4. π. ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ Eph 1:1. πιστοὶ ἀδελφοὶ ἐν Χρ. Col 1:2. διʼ αὐτοῦ (=Χριστοῦ) πιστοὶ (πιστεύοντες v.l.) εἰς θεόν 1 Pt 1:21.—The abs. πιστός also means believing (in Christ), a (Christian) believer and is used both as adj. (Just., D. 110, 4) and as subst. Ac 16:1; 2 Cor 6:15; 1 Ti 4:10; 5:16; 6:2ab; Tit 1:6; 1 Cl 48:5; 62:3; 63:3; Hm 9:9; Hs 8, 7, 4; 8, 9, 1; 8, 10, 1; 9, 22, 1. οἱ πιστοί the believers = the Christians Ac 12:3 D; 1 Ti 4:3, 12; IEph 21:2; IMg 5:2 (opp. οἱ ἄπιστοι); MPol 12:3; 13:2; AcPl Ha 7, 7 (cp. Just., D. 47, 2 τοῖς Χριστιανοῖς καὶ πιστοῖς). οἱ ἅγιοι καὶ πιστοὶ αὐτοῦ ISm 1:2. οἱ ἐκ περιτομῆς πιστοί= the Israelite (s. Ac 10:36) believers/Christians Ac 10:45. Without the art. (Orig., C. Cels., prol. 6, 5) Dg 11:2, 5. νέοι ἐν τῇ πίστει καὶ πιστοί young in the faith, but nevertheless believers Hv 3, 5, 4.—πιστὸς εἶναι be a believer IRo 3:2. ἐὰν ᾖ τις πιστότατος ἀνήρ even though a man is a firm believer Hm 6, 2, 7.—LFoley, CBQ 1 ’39, 163–65.—B. 1167. New Docs 2, 94, w. reff. to Christian ins. DELG s.v. πείθομαι. M-M. ENDT. TW.

ἐσθίω (Hom.+) and, mainly in the ptc., ἔσθω (Hom., also in other poets, rare in prose [Plut., Mor. p. 101d]; Coan ins, III B.C.: RHerzog, ARW 10, 1907, 400ff; 23; 27; 42; POslo 153, 15 [beg. II A.D.]; PGiss 80, 5; ostraca [BGU 1507, 14; 1508, 3; 4: III B.C.]; LXX; En 98:11 [?]. ἔσθων Lev 17:14; 1 Km 14:30; Sir 20:17; Mk 1:6; Lk 7:33f, 10:7 [the three last v.l.]; μὴ ἔσθετε Lev 19:26. ὅταν ἔσθητε Num 15:19. ἵνα ἔσθητε Lk 22:30. B-D-F §101; W-S. §15; Mlt-H. 238; Schwyzer, I 704 n. 1). Impf. ἤσθιον; fut. ἔδομαι LXX (Mel, P. 12, 80; 13, 83; 93, 697; 1 Cl 39:9; 57:6); 2 aor. ἔφαγον, w. extension of 1 aor. endings (B-D-F §84, 2; Rob. 333; cp. Schwyzer I 753f): 3 pl. ἐφάγοσαν Ps 77:29, 1 pl. ἐφάγαμεν 2 Km 19:43; fut. φάγομαι (B-D-F §74, 2; Mlt-H. 238), 2 sing. φάγεσαι Lk 17:8; Ruth 2:14 (W-S. §13, 6 and 17; B-D-F §87; Mlt-H. 198); pf. pass. ptc. acc. ἐδηδεμένους (Ath., R. 52, 20); pres. 3 sg. ἔσθεται Lev 11:34; Dt 12:22.

① to take someth. in through the mouth, usually solids, but also liquids, eat.

ⓐ w. acc. of thing (Hom. et al.) τί φάγωσιν (after neg.) anything to eat Mt 15:32; Mk 6:36; 8:1f; cp. Mt 6:25, 31; Lk 12:22 (s. Epict. 1, 9, 8; 19). τοὺς ἄρτους τῆς προθέσεως the consecrated bread Mt 12:4; Mk 2:26; Lk 6:4. Locusts and wild honey Mk 1:6. Manna (Ps 77:24) J 6:31, 49 (Just., D. 20, 4). Vegetables Ro 14:2b. Meat 14:21; 1 Cor 8:13; GEb 308, 31f; 34f (τὰς σάρκας αὐτῶν ‘one’s own flesh’ 4 [6] Esdr; POxy 1010). τὰ εἰδωλόθυτα 1 Cor 8:10; cp. vs. 7; Rv 2:14, 20 (Just., D. 34, 8; 35, 1). τὰς θυσίας (Sir 45:21; Ps 105:28) 1 Cor 10:18. τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ food from the temple 9:13. τὴν σάρκα τ. υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου J 6:53 (which passage many interpret as referring to the Eucharist while others explain it as speaking of receiving Christ spiritually through faith). πάντα all kinds of food Ro 14:2a (μὴ πάντα ἐσθίοντες Just., 20, 3). τὰ παρατιθέμενα the food that is set before (one) Lk 10:8; 1 Cor 10:27. τὸ ἐν μακέλλῳ πωλούμενον 10:25. τὸ βιβλαρίδιον Rv 10:10 (cp. Ezk 2:8; 3:3). τὸ πάσχα the Passover meal, esp. the Passover lamb (2 Esdr 6:21; 2 Ch 30:18; ESchürer, Über φαγεῖν τὸ πάσχα 1883; Dalman, Jesus 81f) Mt 26:17; Mk 14:12, 14; Lk 22:8, 11, 15; J 18:28. κυριακὸν δεῖπνον φαγεῖν 1 Cor 11:20. ἄρτον ἐσθίειν eat a meal, w. bread as its main part (Ex 2:20; 1 Km 20:34; 2 Km 9:7; 3 Km 13:15 al.) Mt 15:2; Mk 3:20; 7:2, 5; Lk 14:1 (s. Billerb. IV 611–39: E. altjüd. Gastmahl); of the end-time banquet Lk 14:15 (cp. ἄρτον ζωῆς JosAs 15:4). τὸν ἑαυτοῦ ἄρτον ἐ. eat one’s own bread 2 Th 3:12. ἄρτον φαγεῖν παρά τινος eat someone’s bread vs. 8. τὰ παρά τινος what someone provides Lk 10:7. Neg. οὐκ ἔφαγεν οὐδέν he ate nothing at all Lk 4:2 (cp. Job 21:25 οὐ φαγὼν οὐδὲν ἀγαθόν; En 15:11 πνεύματα … μηδὲν ἐσθίοντα). Of complete abstinence μὴ ἐσθίων ἄρτον μήτε πίνων οἶνον 7:33. οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ φαγεῖν οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ πεῖν AcPl Ox 6, 7=Aa 241, 12f. οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινόν I have never eaten anything common at all Ac 10:14 (cp. 1 Macc 1:62; Just., D. 20, 3). Allegorical interpretation of Mosaic laws against eating forbidden foods B 10 (cp. Hierocles 26 p. 480 reinterpretation of the Pythagorean laws against forbidden foods as moral laws).—Of animals (Hom. et al.; Aelian, VH 1, 1; 2, 40; 3 Km 13:28; Is 65:25; Da 4:33 Theod.; GrBar 4:5 [δράκων]; 6:11 [Φοῖνιξ): birds τὰς σάρκας τινός eat someone’s flesh (Gen 40:19) Rv 17:16; 19:18. Swine Lk 15:16 (ὧν here is for ἅ by attraction, not a gen. dependent on ἐ., as it prob. is in X., Hell. 3, 3, 6; Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 21; such a constr. would be unique in our lit.).

ⓑ w. prepositions, to denote the thing of which one partakes:

α. w. ἀπό τινος (Lev 22:6; Num 15:19; Dt 14:12, 19; Pr 13:2; Da 4:33a; ApcSed 4:5; ApcMos 17 al.) dogs: ἐ. ἀπὸ τῶν ψιχίων eat the crumbs Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28 (on the pl. ἐσθίουσιν after the neut. κυνάρια cp. Lk 11:7; 1 Cl 42:2; B-D-F §133; s. Rob. 403f). ἀπὸ τραπέζης partake of a meal D 11:9. ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας 9:5.

β. w. ἔκ τινος of/from someth. (Jdth 12:2; Sir 11:19; JosAs 16:7f; ApcMos 16f) ἐκ τοῦ ἄρτου eat (some of) the bread (2 Km 12:3; Tob 1:10; TestJob 7:10 ἐκ τῶν ἄρτων μου) 1 Cor 11:28; cp. J 6:26, 50f. ἐκ τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν Hs 9, 1, 10. ἐκ τοῦ γάλακτος τῆ ποίμνη get sustenance fr. the milk of the flock 1 Cor 9:7. ἐκ τ. θυσιαστηρίου Hb 13:10. ἐκ τ. ξύλου τ. ζωῆς from the tree of life Rv 2:7 (s. En 32:6); cp. μηκέτι ἐκ σοῦ μηδεὶς καρπὸν φάγοι (v.l. φάγῃ) Mk 11:14.

ⓒ used with other prep. expressions ἐ. μετά τινος eat w. someone (1 Km 9:19; Jdth 12:11; Job 1:4; Ezk 47:22; TestAbr B 4 p. 109, 10 [Stone p. 66]) Mt 9:11; 24:49; Mk 2:16; 14:18 (cp. Ps 40:10); Lk 5:30; 7:36. ἐνώπιόν τινος in someone’s presence (cp. ἐναντίον τ. θεοῦ Ex 18:12; Ezk 44:3) 13:26; 24:43. ἐπὶ τ. τραπέζης τινός at someone’s table (2 Km 9:11; cp. vs. 13; Da 11:27) Lk 22:30. διὰ προσκόμματος ἐ. eat with offense (i.e. so that one takes offense in doing so; perh. also so that one gives offense) Ro 14:20.

ⓓ abs. Mt 12:1; 14:20; 26:21, 26; Mk 7:3f; 14:18a, 22; Ac 27:35; D 12:3; B 7:5 al. Used w. λαμβάνειν (Gen 3:22) λάβετε φάγετε Mt 26:26b; οἱ ἐσθίοντες 14:21; 15:38. φάγωμεν κ. πίωμεν let us eat and drink 1 Cor 15:32 (Is 22:13; Ath., R. 72, 11). φάγε, πίε, εὐφραίνου Lk 12:19 (Aristobulus of Cass. [III B.C.]: 139 Fgm. 9 Jac. [cited in Strabo 14, 5, 9], statue of Sardanapalus w. the ins ἔσθιε, πῖνε, παῖζε• ὡς τἆλλα τούτου οὐκ ἄξια=‘Eat, drink, have fun. There’s nothing like it.’ This saying of Sardanapalus is also found in Arrian, Anab. 2, 5, 4. A similar thought in the Phrygian grave-ins: IGal 78, 11ff). τὸ φαγεῖν eating Mt 15:20; 1 Cor 11:21. διδόναι τινὶ φαγεῖν give someone someth. to eat (Ex 16:8, 15; Num 11:18, 21) Mt 14:16; 25:35, 42; Mk 5:43; 6:37; Lk 8:55; 9:13; J 6:52; Rv 2:7. φέρειν τινὶ φαγεῖν (cp. 2 Km 17:29) J 4:33. εὐκαιρέω φαγεῖν I find time to eat Mk 6:31. ἔχω βρῶσιν φαγεῖν I have food to eat J 4:32.—With the principle stated in 2 Th 3:10 cp. Lucian, Par. 13: when a pupil progresses well δότε αὐτῷ φαγεῖν; when he does not, μὴ δῶτε.

ⓔ ἐ. and πίνω are freq. found together, as in some pass. already quoted (Hom. et al.; very oft. LXX; En 102:9; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 16 [Stone p. 10]; B 5 p. 109, 16 [Stone p. 66]; JosAs 9:3 al.; Philo, Det. Pot. ins 113; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 234).

α. = receive support 1 Cor 9:4.

β. = eat a meal Lk 5:30; 17:8; 1 Cor 11:22; AcPl Ox 6, 7. Of a festive sacrificial meal 1 Cor 10:7 (Ex 32:6).

γ. in contrast to fasting—the latter expressed by ἐ. and πίνω w. a neg. (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 28, 141 οὔτε πίνων οὔτε ἐσθίων) Mt 11:18; Lk 4:2 v.l.; 7:33; Ac 9:9; 23:12, 21—Mt 11:19; Lk 5:33; 7:34; B 7:5.

δ. of ordinary daily activities Lk 17:27f.

ε. of carefree, even luxurious or dissipated living Mt 24:49; Lk 12:19, 45; 1 Cor 15:32 (cp. Is 22:13).—HRiesenfeld, ConNeot 9, ’44, 10f.

② to do away with completely, fig. extension of mng. 1 (Hom. et al.; LXX) consume, devour (of fire Il. 23, 182; Is 10:17; 26:11) πυρὸς ἐσθίειν μέλλοντος τ. ὑπεναντίους fire, which is about to consume the adversaries Hb 10:27 (Is 26:11). ὁ ἰὸς … φάγεται τ. σάρκας ὑμῶν ὡς πῦρ the rust will eat your flesh like fire Js 5:3 (cp. Aeschyl., Fgm. 253 φαγέδαινα [an ulcer] σάρκας ἐσθίει ποδός; Is 30:27 ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὡς πῦρ ἔδεται). B. 327.—DELG s.v. ἔδω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ὀλίγος, η, ον (Hom.+.—For the NT the spelling ὁλίγος is not infrequently attested [exx. in B-D-F §14; Mlt-H., 98f; cp. Schwyzer I 226; II 201]; like ἑλπίς, ἵδιος and a few others of this kind, this form is found in ins and pap as early as pre-Christian times, and is more freq. later [Crönert 148–53; Helbing 25f; Thackeray 126f; Hauser 60]).

① pert. to being relatively small in number, few pl.

ⓐ used w. a noun ἐργάται Mt 9:37; Lk 10:2. ἰχθύδια a few (small) fish Mt 15:34; Mk 8:7. ἄρρωστοι 6:5. ἄφρονες a few foolish persons ITr 8:2. ὀνόματα Rv 3:4. πρόσωπα persons 1 Cl 1:1. W. κεράμια to be understood fr. the immediate context Hm 12, 5, 3. ἡμέραι ὀλίγαι (PFay 123, 10 [c. 100 A.D.]; Gen 29:20; cp. Ps 108:8; Philo, Somn. 1, 46; Jos., Ant. 1, 91): ἐν ἡμ. ὀλίγαις (Diod S 36, 4, 4) Ac 15:30 D. πρὸς ὀλ. ἡμέρας for a few days Hb 12:10; μετὰ ἡμέρας ὀλ. after a few days Hs 7:1; 8, 4, 1. μετʼ ὀλ. ἡμέρας (Teles p. 19, 5; Diod S 13, 8, 1) 8, 11, 5; 9, 5, 5f. μετὰ ὀλ. ἡμέρας 5, 2, 9; 8, 2, 9. ὀλ. ῥήματα a few words m 4, 2, 1; 12, 5, 1. διʼ ὀλ. γραμμάτων in a few lines (s. γράμμα 1) IRo 8:2; IPol 7:3.

ⓑ abs. ὀλίγοι (a) few (opp. πολλοί as Menand., Mon. 670 Jäkel [443 Meineke]; Polyb. 18, 53, 1; Diod S 15, 37, 1; Plut., Mor. 188e; Porphyr., Vi. Pyth. 22; Tat. 3, 2) Mt 7:14 (Cebes 15, 2f there are ὀλίγοι who travel the στενὴ ὁδός …, ἡ ἄγουσα to the goal; TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 11 [Stone p. 28] ὀλίγοι … οἱ σῳζόμενοι); 20:16 v.l.; 22:14=4:14; Lk 13:23.— a few 1 Pt 3:20; MPol 5:1 (cp. Just., A I, 44, 13). Used w. the partitive gen. (Arrian, Anab. 5, 15, 4 ὀλίγοι τῶν ἐλεφάντων) and a neg. not a few, a number (of) (Jos., Bell. 7, 438) γυναικῶν Ac 17:4. γυναικῶν … καὶ ἀνδρῶν vs. 12.—ὀλ. ἐξ αὐτῶν Hs 9, 8, 6.—ὀλίγα (a) few things Lk 10:42 v.l. (opp. πολλά as Menand., Mon. 311 Jäkel [226 Meineke]; Ath. 12, 3; s. ABaker, CBQ 27, ’65, 127–37); Rv 2:14; ὑποδείξω ὀλ. I shall point out a few things 1:8. ὀλ. ἐπερωτᾶν τινα ask someone a few questions Hm 4, 1, 4. ἐπὶ ὀλίγα ἦς πιστός you were trustworthy in managing a few things Mt 25:21, 23. δαρήσεται ὀλίγας he will receive few lashes Lk 12:48 (s. δέρω). διʼ ὀλίγων γράφειν 1 Pt 5:12 (βραχέων P⁷², cp. Hb 13:22; s. διά A 3b).

② pert. to being relatively small on a scale of extent, little, small, short, sing.

ⓐ of amount (3 Km 17:10 ὀλ. ὕδωρ) οἶνος ὀλ. a little wine (Artem. 1, 66 p. 59, 25) 1 Ti 5:23; πῦρ ὀλ. a little fire Js 3:5 v.l. οὐκ ὀλ. ἐργασία no small profit Ac 19:24; of fruit little Hs 2:4; of a country small 1 Cl 10:2.—Subst. τὸ ὀλίγον a small amount ὁ τὸ ὀλ. one who gathered a small amount (opp. ὁ τὸ πολύ) 2 Cor 8:15 (cp. Num 11:32; Ex 16:18). ᾧ ὀλίγον ἀφίεται the one to whom little is forgiven Lk 7:47a (cp. the use in vs. 47b and s. 3 below).

ⓑ of duration

α. (Musaeus vs. 291 ὀλίγον ἐπὶ χρόνον= for a short time; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 5 [Stone p. 60] ὀλίγην ὥραν) ὀλ. καιρός a short time Rv 12:12. χρόνος οὐκ ὀλ. a long time (Jos., Bell. 2, 62) Ac 14:28. ὀλίγον χρόνον for a short while (Menand., Fgm. 567 Kö.) 2 Cl 19:3; Hs 7:6; ἐν καιρῷ ὀλ. in a short time 1 Cl 23:4.

β. The neut. ὀλίγον used adverbially (Hom. et al.; Pr 6:10; Sir 51:16, 27) w. preps. in a short time, quickly (Pind.; Pla., Apol. 22b; Jos., Ant. 18, 145; Lucian, Toxaris 24) Ac 26:28 (s. πείθω 1b; 3a and reff. there). καὶ ἐν ὀλ. καὶ ἐν μεγάλῳ whether in a short or a long time vs. 29 (s. B-D-F §195; GWhitaker, The Words of Agrippa to St. Paul: JTS 15, 1914, 82f; AFridrichsen, SymbOsl 14, ’35, 50; Field, Notes 141–43; s. Rob. 653).—μετʼ ὀλίγον after a short while (Diod S 14, 9, 6; 15, 6, 5; Appian, Liby. 98 §465; SIG 1170, 25f; PRyl 77, 41; Jdth 13:9; Wsd 15:8; TestAbr A 7 p. 84, 8 [Stone p. 16]; GrBar 9:3; Jos., Vi. 344; Just., D. 56, 18) MPol 11:2.—πρὸς ὀλίγον for a short time (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 18, 1; Aelian, VH 12, 63; POxy 67, 14; Jos., Bell. 4, 642, Ant. 4, 128; Just., A I, 12, 2) Js 4:14.—Without a prep. (Ps 36:10; TestJob 40:4; ParJer 5:2) Mk 6:31; 1 Pt 1:6; 5:10; Rv 17:10.

ⓒ of distance, the neut. ὀλίγον used adverbially a little of distance, etc. (Pla., Prot. 26, 339d ὀλίγον προελθών; ApcMos 19 περιπατήσας ὀλίγον) Mk 1:19; Lk 5:3.

③ relatively low on a scale of extent or existing only to a small degree, little, slight οὐκ ὀλ. great, severe: τάραχο Ac 12:18; 19:23. στάσις κ. ζήτησις 15:2. χειμών 27:20.— Only a little (Ael. Aristid. 33, 6 K.=51 p. 573 D.) ὀλίγον ἀγαπᾷ he loves only (to) a little (extent) Lk 7:47b.—W. prep. ἐν ὀλίγῳ (cp. TestGad 4:6=‘slightly’) in brief (Aristot., Rhet. 3, 11 p. 1412b, 23; Dionys. Byz. §3) Eph 3:3. πρὸς ὀλίγον ὠφέλιμος profitable for (a) little (=has some value) 1 Ti 4:8. GJs19, 2 (s. deStrycker 279).—B. 925f. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

δή (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, En, TestSol, TestJob, JosAs, apologists, exc. Ar.) a marker that invites attention to what is being stated.

① a marker denoting that a statement is definitely established, indeed (cp. Eur., Alc. 233 for the deictic force; freq. = our colloq. ‘you see’) B 6:11. ὸ̔ς δὴ καρποφορεῖ who indeed bears fruit Mt 13:23 (relat. w. δή as EpArist 4; 125; Jos., Ant. 17, 19; Just., D. 7, 1).—W. expr. denoting time ἐκ γὰρ δὴ πολλῶν χρόνων for (already; or, the fact is that) many years ago 1 Cl 42:5 (cp. Just., D. 71, 3 καὶ δὴ τὴν ἀπόδειξιν ποιήσομαι ‘and you can be sure I will prove it’.—οὐ γὰρ δή γε ‘for of course … not’ Just., D. 13, 1.)—In indirect qu. τί δή ποτε Dg 1. S. δήποτε, δήπου.

② now, then, therefore, w. exhortations or commands, to give them greater urgency (B-D-F §451, 4; somewhat like our colloq. ‘well’, ‘well, now’; cp. En 104:2; JosAs [s. Philonenko, p. 30]; Jos., Vi. 209; Just., D. 137, 1 μὴ δὴ … εἴπητε) διέλθωμεν δή well, let’s go Lk 2:15. δοξάσατε δὴ τὸν θεόν therefore glorify God 1 Cor 6:20. σύνετε δή understand then 1 Cl 35:11. ἄγε δή come then (Lucian, Pisc. 21) Dg 2:1. ἐπιστρέψαντες δὴ ἐπισκεψώμεθα Ac 15:36; 6:3 v.l.; 13:2. On D 1:6 s. Bihlmeyer app.—Denniston 203–62. DELG. M-M.

ἀνοίγω (ἀνά, οἴγω ‘open’; Hom. +) on this by-form of ἀνοίγνυμι see Kühner-Bl. II 496f; W-S. §12, 7 and §15 (p. 130); B-D-F §101; Rob. 1212f; Mayser 404. Fut. ἀνοίξω; 1 aor. ἀνέῳξα J 9:14 (vv.ll. ἠνέῳξα, ἤνοιξα), ἠνέῳξα vs. 17 (vv.ll. ἤνοιξα, ἀνέῳξα), mostly ἤνοιξα Ac 5:19; 9:40 al.; 2 pf. (intr.) ἀνέῳγα; pf. pass. ἀνέῳγμαι 2 Cor 2:12 (v.l. ἠνέῳγμαι), ptc. ἀνεῳγμένος (ἠνεῳγμένος 3 Km 8:52; ἠνοιγμένος Is 42:20), inf. ἀνεῴχθαι (Just., D. 123, 2). Pass.: 1 aor. ἠνεῴχθην Mt 3:16; v.l. 9:30; Jn 9:10; Ac 16:26 (vv.ll. ἀνεῴχθην, ἠνοίχθην); inf. ἀνεῳχθῆναι Lk 3:21 (ἀνοιχθῆναι D); 1 fut. ἀνοιχθήσομαι Lk 11:9f v.l.; 2 aor. ἠνοίγην Mk 7:35 (vv.ll. ἠνοίχθησαν, διηνοίγησαν, διηνοίχθησαν); Ac 12:10 (v.l. ἠνοίχθη); Hv 1, 1, 4 (Dssm. NB 17 [BS 189]); 2 fut. ἀνοιγήσομαι Mt 7:7; Lk 11:9f (v.l. ἀνοίγεται). The same circumstance prevails in LXX: Helbing 78f; 83ff; 95f; 102f. Thackeray 202ff.

① to move someth. from a shut or closed position, trans. a door (Menand., Epitr. 643 Kö.; Polyb. 16, 25, 7; OGI 222, 36; 332, 28, SIG 798, 19; 1 Km 3:15; PsSol 8:17; GrBar 11:5f; Jos., Ant. 13, 92 ἀ. τ. πύλας, Vi. 246; Just., D. 36, 5 τὰς πύλας τῶν οὐρανῶν) τὰς θύρας (really the wings of a double door) Ac 5:19; 12:10 (w. act. force, see 6 below); 16:26f (s. OWeinreich, Türöffnung im Wunder-, Prodigien-u. Zauberglauben d. Antike, d. Judentums u. Christentums: WSchmid Festschr. 1929, 200–452). ἀ. τὸν πυλῶνα open the outer door of the house Ac 12:14. τ. θύραν τ. ναοῦ fig., of the mouth of the believer, who is the temple of God B 16:9 (with this figure cp. Philosoph. Max. 488, 6 τοῦ σοφοῦ στόματος ἀνοιχθέντος, καθάπερ ἱεροῦ, τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς καλὰ βλέπεται ὥσπερ ἀγάλματα=when the mouth of the wise man opens like the door of a temple, the beauties of his soul are as visible as statues [of deities]). Without door as obj. acc., or as subject of a verb in the pass., easily supplied from the context (Achilles Tat. 2, 26, 1) Mt 7:7f; Lk 11:9f; Mt 25:11; Lk 13:25; GJs 12:2.—Used fig. in var. ways (PTebt 383, 29 [46 A.D.]; Epict. Schenkl index θύρα: ἡ θύρα ἤνοικται=I am free to go anywhere) Rv 3:20, cp. 3:7f (s. Is 22:22; Job 12:14). πύλη δικαιοσύνης 1 Cl 48:2, cp. 4. Of preaching that wins attention ἤνοιξεν τοῖς ἔθνεσιν θύραν πίστεως God gave the gentiles an opportunity to become believers Ac 14:27. Cp. θύρας μοι ἀνεῳγμένης since a door was opened for me, i.e. I was given an opportunity to work 2 Cor 2:12 (for 1 Cor 16:9 s. 6 below). Likew. ἀ. θύραν τοῦ λόγου Col 4:3.

② to render someth. readily accessible, open, trans., closed places, whose interior is thereby made accessible: a sanctuary 1 Cl 43:5; pass. Rv 11:19; 15:5 heaven (Kaibel 882 [III A.D.] οὐρανὸν ἀνθρώποις εἶδον ἀνοιγόμενον; PGM 4, 1180; 36, 298; Is 64:1; Ezk 1:1; cp. 3 Macc 6:18) Mt 3:16; Lk 3:21; Ac 10:11; Rv 19:11; GEb 18, 36; Hv 1, 1, 4; the nether world Rv 9:2; graves (SIG 1237, 3 ἀνοῖξαι τόδε τὸ μνῆμα; Ezk 37:12, 13) Mt 27:52. Fig., of the throat of the impious τάφος ἀνεῳγμένος ὁ λάρυγξ αὐτῶν their gullet is an open grave (breathing out putrefaction?) Ro 3:13 (Ps 5:10; 13:3).

③ to disclose contents by opening, open, trans., τ. θησαυροὺς (SIG² 587, 302 τῷ τ. θησαυροὺς ἀνοίξαντι; 601, 32; 653, 93; Eur., Ion 923; Arrian, Cyneg. 34, 2 ἀνοίγνυται ὁ θησαυρός; Is 45:3; Sir 43:14; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 105; Ath. 1, 1) treasure chests Mt 2:11. κεράμιον οἴνου ἢ ἐλαίου open a jar of wine or oil D 13:6. ἀ. βιβλίον open a book in scroll form (Diod S 14, 55, 1 βιβλίον ἐπεσφραγισμένον … ἀνοίγειν; 2 Esdr 18:5; Da 7:10) Lk 4:17 v.l.; Rv 5:2ff; 10:2, 8 (cp. 2 Esdr 16:5; TestAbr A 12 p. 91, 22 [Stone p. 30]); 20:12.

④ to remove an obstruction, open, trans., a seal (X., De Rep. Lac. 6, 4; SIG 1157, 47 [I A.D.] τὰς σφραγῖδας ἀνοιξάτω) Rv 5:9; 6:1–12; 8:1.

⑤ to cause to function, open, trans., of bodily parts

ⓐ mouth ἀ. τὸ στόμα open the mouth of another person 1 Cl 18:15 (cp. Ps 50:17); of a fish, to take something out Mt 17:27; of a mute (Wsd 10:21) Lk 1:64.— Open one’s own mouth to speak (oft. in OT; SibOr 3, 497, but e.g. also Aristoph., Av. 1719) Mt 5:2; 6:8 D; Ac 8:35; 10:34; 18:14; GEb 34, 60. More specif. ἐν παραβολαῖς=he spoke in parables Mt 13:35 (Ps 77:2; cp. Lucian, Philops. 33 ὁ Μέμνων αὐτὸς ἀνοίξας τὸ στόμα ἐν ἔπεσιν ἑπτά). εἰς βλασφημίας (opened its mouth) to blaspheme Rv 13:6.— Not to open one’s mouth, remain silent Ac 8:32; 1 Cl 16:7 (both Is 53:7, as also Mel., P. 64, 462).—Fig., of the earth when it opens to swallow something ἤνοιξεν ἡ γῆ τὸ στόμα αὐτῆς Rv 12:16 (cp. Num 16:30; 26:10; Dt 11:6).

ⓑ eyes ἀ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς of a blind person (Is 35:5; 42:7; Tob 11:7; Mel., P. 78, 565) Mt 9:30; 20:33; J 9:10, 14, 17, 21, 26, 30, 32; 10:21; B 14:7 (Is 42:7).—One’s own eyes, to see (Epict. 2, 23, 9 and 12; PGM 4, 624) Ac 9:8, 40.—Fig., of spiritual sight Lk 24:31 v.l.; Ac 26:18. τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς τ. καρδίας 1 Cl 36:2; 59:3 (cp. Just., D. 123, 2 προσηλύτων … ἀνεῷχθαι τὰ ὄμματα).

ⓒ ears (Epict. 2, 23, 10; PGM 7, 329) of a deaf man Mk 7:35.

ⓓ heart, fig. ἀ. τ. καρδίαν πρὸς τ. κύριον open one’s heart to the Lord Hv 4, 2, 4.

⑥ to be in a state of openness, be open, intr. (only 2 pf., except that the 2 aor. pass. ἠνοίγη Ac 12:10 [s. 1 above] is the practical equivalent of an intr. Other exx. of 2 pf.: Hippocr., Morb. 4, 39 ed. Littré; VII 558; Plut., Mor. 693d, Coriol. 231 [37, 2]; Lucian, Nav. 4; Polyaenus 2, 28, 1) in our lit. in contexts connoting opportunity θύρα μοι ἀνέῳγεν 1 Cor 16:9 (s. 1 above; Lucian, Soloec. 8 ἡ θύρα ἀνέῳγέ σοι τῆς γνωρίσεως αὐτῶν. Cp. Just., D. 7, 3 φωτὸς ἀνοιχθήναι πύλας).—Cp. τ. οὐρανὸν ἀνεῳγότα J 1:51.

⑦ to be candid, be open, intr. (s. 6 beg. for grammatical ref.; s. also 5a) τὸ στόμα ἡμῶν ἀνέῳγεν πρὸς ὑμᾶς our mouth is open toward you, i.e. I have spoken freely and openly 2 Cor 6:11 (cp. Ezk 16:63; 29:21 and ἄνοιξις).—B. 847. DELG s.v. οἴγνυμι. M-M.

ζών-η, ἡ, ([etym.] ζώννυμι)

A belt, girdle:

I prop. the lower girdle worn by women just above the hips,

περὶ δὲ ζώνην βάλετ' ἰξυῖ Od.5.231

, 10.544, cf. Il.14.181, Hdt.1.51, etc.—Phrases:

1 λῦσε δὲ παρθενίην ζ. unloosed her maiden girdle, of the bridegroom, Od.11.245, cf. Lyr. Alex.Adesp.11.18, Plu.Lyc.15:—[voice] Med., of the bride,

μούνῳ ἑνὶ ζώναν ἀνέρι λυσαμένα AP7.324

(hence ζώνη, abs., of marriage, E.IT 204 (lyr.); of sexual intercourse, Philostr.VA7.6): but also,

b ζ. λῦσαι to loose the girdle for childbirth, Hyp.Fr.67; later λύσασθαι or ἀπολύσασθαι, Call.Del. 209, Opp.C.3.56; so

ζώναν κατατίθεσθαι Pi.O.6.39

.

c of men on a march, ζ. λύσασθαι to slacken one's belt, i.e. rest oneself, Hdt.8.120;

ζ. ἀναλύεσθαι Call.Del. 237

.

2 of pregnant women,

τέκνων ἤνεγχ' ὑπὸ ζώνην βάρος A.Ch. 1000

; πῶς γάρ σ' ἔθρεψεν ἐντὸς.. ζώνης; Id.Eu. 608;

τοῦτον.. ἔφερον ζώνης ὕπο E.Hec. 762

; also ὑπὸ ζώνῃ θέσθαι to conceive, h.Ven.255.

3 prov., εἰς ζώνην δεδόσθαι to be given for girdle-money (as we should say, pinmoney), of Oriental queens who had cities given them for their small expenses, X.An.1.4.9;

ἣν [χώραν] καλεῖν.. ζ. τῆς βασιλέως γυναικός Pl.Alc.1.123b

.

II man's belt (more freq. ζωστήρ) , ἡ ζ. τοῦ Ὠρίωνος the three stars that form the belt of Orion. Arist.Mete. 343b24; the belt of barbarians, in which they wore the dagger, X.An.1.6.10, 4.7.16, Theopomp.Hist.39a, Luc.Anach.33, Pl.Hp.Mi. 368c.

b belt used as a purse, PRyl.127.32(i A.D.), Ev.Matt.10.9, Plu.2.665b;

ζ. χρυσίον Luc.Fug.31

.

2 part round which the girdle passed, waist,

Ἄρεϊ ζώνην ἴκελος Il.2.479

(misunderstood by Paus.9.17.3), cf. Il.11.234, Orph.Fr.168.28, Hp. ap. Erot. (also expld. as = ὀσφύς).

3 = Lat. cingulum, belt worn by Roman civil and military officers, [Demod.]5; = ἀξίωμα, Suid.; οἱ ὑπὸ ζώνην soldiers, Anon. ap. eund.s.v. αὐθεντήσαντα, cf. Cod.Just.1.5.12.6, 11, Just.Edict. 13.26, PLond.5.1680.21 (vi A.D.).

III anything that goes round like a belt, Plu.2.935a, Luc.Musc.Enc.3; of the girdle of ocean, Porph. Chr.69.

2 one of the zones of the terrestrial sphere, Stoic.2.195, Posidon. ap. Str.2.2.2, Placit.2.12.1 (pl.), etc.; ζ. διακεκαυμένη, εὔκρατος, Str.1.2.24, 1.4.6.

b one of the planetary spheres,

οἱ μὲν [τῶν πλανητῶν] ὑψηλὴν ζ. φέρονται οἱ δὲ ταπεινήν Diog.Oen.8

, cf. Vett.Val.26.18, Corp.Herm.1.25.

c Astrol.,= ζῴδιον, Porph.in Ptol. 186.

3 in Archit.,= διάζωμα, frieze, Paus.5.10.5.

4 Lat. zona, in Medic., shingles, Scrib.Larg.63, 247; cf.

ζωστήρ 111.3

.

5 stripes on fish, Ael.NA3.28,al.

IV pl., an order of divine beings presiding over, or engirdled with cosmic zones, opp. ἄζωνοι, Dam.Pr.96, Procl.in Prm.p.494S.

φέρω ([dialect] Locr. [full] φάρω [ᾰ], IG9(1).334.5 (Oeanthea, v. B.C.)), only [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. (late 1 [tense] aor. [ per.] 3pl.

A

ἤφεραν IG3.1379

), Il.21.458, etc.: [dialect] Ep. forms, [ per.] 2pl. imper.

φέρτε Il.9.171

; [ per.] 2sg. subj.

φέρῃσθα Call.Dian. 144

; [ per.] 3sg. subj.

φέρῃσι Il.18.308

, Od.5.164, al.; [dialect] Ep. inf.

φερέμεν Il.9.411

, al.: [tense] impf. ἔφερον, [dialect] Ep.

φέρον 3.245

; also φέρεσκε, φέρεσκον ([ per.] 3pl.), Od.9.429, 10.108.

II [tense] fut.

οἴσω Il.7.82

, etc.; [dialect] Dor.

οἰσῶ Theoc.3.11

; [ per.] 1pl.

οἰσεῦμες Id.15.133

; [ per.] 3pl. ηοίσοντι Tab.Heracl.1.150: the foll. act. forms are not [tense] fut. in sense, imper.

οἶσε Od.22.106

, 481, Ar.Ach. 1099, 1101, 1122, Ra. 482;

οἰσέτω Il.19.173

, Od.8.255; [ per.] 3pl.

οἰσόντων Antim.15

; inf.

οἴσειν Pi.P.4.102

, [dialect] Ep.

οἰσέμεν Od.3.429

,

οἰσέμεναι Il.3.120

, Od.8.399, etc.: [tense] aor. 1 inf.

οἶσαι Ph.1.611

codd. ( ἀν-οῖσαι is prob. in Hdt.1.157):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

οἴσομαι Il.22.217

, S.El. 969, etc. (in pass. sense, E.Or. 440, X.Oec.18.6; so [dialect] Dor.

οἰσεῖται Archim.Fluit.1.7

, al.): [tense] fut. [voice] Pass.

οἰσθήσομαι D.44.45

, Arist. Ph. 205a13, Archim.Fluit.1.3, al., ([etym.] ἐξ-) E.Supp. 561:—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.

προοῖσται Luc.Par.2

; cf. οἰστέον, οἰστός ([etym.] ἀν-οιστός).

III from ἐνεγκ- (not found in Hom. or Hdt., exc. as v.l. in Il.19.194, but in Pi.O.13.66, I.8(7).21, ([etym.] προς-) Id.P.9.36, also B.16.62, and normal in [dialect] Att. and Trag., also in codd.Hp., Epid.1.1.2, al.) come [tense] aor. 1 ἤνεγκα, and [tense] aor. 2 ἤνεγκον:—Indic., [ per.] 1sg.

ἤνεγκον S.OC 521

(lyr.), 964, Ar.Ra. 1299, Th. 742, Lys. 944, ([etym.] δι-) Isoc.18.59, but

ἤνεγκα S.El. 13

, E. Ion38, Aeschin.2.4, and in compos. with Preps.; [ per.] 2sg. always

ἤνεγκας Ar.Av. 540

(lyr.), ([etym.] ἐξ-) S.Tr. 741 (in Ar.Th. 742, δέκα μῆνας αὔτ' ἐγὼ ἤνεγκον is answd. by ἤνεγκας σύ;); [ per.] 3sg. ἤνεγκε, common to both forms; dual

δι-ηνεγκάτην Pl.Lg. 723b

; pl. always ἠνέγκαμεν, -ατε, -αν ([ per.] 3pl.

ἀπ-ήνενκαν IG22.1620.37

, al., once ἀπ-ήνεγκον ib. 1414.2; δι-ηνέγκομεν is f.l. in X.Oec.9.8): imper., [ per.] 2sg.

ἔνεγκε E. Heracl. 699

, Ar.Eq. 110, X.Mem.3.6.9 ( ἔνεγκον cj. Pors. in Anaxipp. 8); [ per.] 3sg.

ἐνεγκάτω Ar. Pax 1149

(troch.), Th. 238, Pl.Phd. 116d, ([etym.] προς-) X.Smp.5.2; but

ἐξ-ενεγκέτω IG12.63.33

, 76.61; [dialect] Dor. [ per.] 3pl. ἐνεγκόντω ib.5 (1).26.16 (Amyclae, ii/i B. C.); [ per.] 2pl.

ἐξ-ενέγκατε Ar.Ra. 847

: subj. ἐνέγκω common to both forms: opt., [ per.] 1sg.

ἐνέγκαιμι E.Hipp. 393

, Pl.Cri. 43c: [ per.] 3sg. ἐνέγκαι (cod.A, but - κοι cod.Laur.) S.Tr. 774, but

ἐνέγκοι Id.Fr.84

(anap.), Pl.R. 330a, ([etym.] ξυν-) Th.6.20, etc.; [ per.] 2pl. ἐνέγκαιτε ( ἐνέγκατε codd.) E.Heracl. 751 (lyr.): inf.

ἐνεγκεῖν A.Supp. 766

, S.OC 1599, IG22.40.18, etc., ([etym.] προς-) Pi.P.9.36, Hp.VM15; Hellenistic

ἐνέγκαι Arist.Oec. 1349a27

([etym.] εἰς-), PAmh.2.30.35 (ii B. C.), Ev.Marc. 2.4 ([etym.] προς-), etc., found also in codd.Hp., Aff.3 ([etym.] προς-), Nat.Mul.19 ([etym.] δι-): part.

ἐνεγκών Pi.I.8(7).21

, S.El. 692, Th.6.56, etc.,

ἐνέγκας IG22.1361.21

([etym.] εἰς-), 333.4, D.49.51 (and later, Demetr.Com.Nov.1.10 ([etym.] εἰς-), Arist.Oec. 1351a14, etc.; in X. we find

ἐξ-ενεγκόντες Mem.1.2.53

, and δι-ενεγκοῦσα, συν-ενεγκόντες, vv. ll. in ib.2.2.5, An.6.5.6):— [voice] Med., only ἠνεγκάμην, Ar.Ec.76 ([etym.] ἐξ-), etc. (exc. imper.

ἐνεγκοῦ S.OC 470

); [ per.] 2sg.

ἠνέγκω E.Supp. 583

, X.Oec.7.13; [ per.] 3sg.

ἠνέγκατο S.Tr. 462

, Pl.R. 406b, etc.; [ per.] 1pl.

ἠνεγκάμεθα Id. Ion 530b

, ([etym.] προ-) Phlb. 57a; inf.

εἰς-ενέγκασθαι Isoc.15.188

: part.

ἐνεγκάμενος Aeschin.1.131

, ([etym.] ἀπ-) X.Ages.6.2.