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101 give
1. n податливость, уступчивость2. n смягчение3. n упругость, эластичность; пружинистостьthere was too much give in the rope and it slipped off the box — верёвка легко растягивалась, и поэтому она соскочила с коробки
4. n тех. зазор, игра5. n спец. упругая деформация6. v дарить, одариватьgive away — отдавать; дарить
give gave given — давать; дарить; предоставлять; платить
7. v давать, даровать, жаловатьgive in — подавать, вручать
8. v жертвовать9. v завещать, отказать10. v предоставлять, отдавать11. v поручать, давать поручение12. v передавать, вручатьgive over — передавать, вручать
13. v платить, отдаватьgive back — возвращать, отдавать
14. v придаватьits deep seclusion gives it a peculiar charm — полное уединение придаёт этому месту особое очарование
to give weight to — придавать значение, признавать важность
15. v давать, быть источником, производить16. v сообщать17. v описывать, изображатьthe text is enhanced by a number of plates, all of which are given detailed descriptions — интерес к тексту возрастает благодаря репродукциям, которые сопровождаются подробными подставлять; протягивать
18. v отступить, отпрянуть19. v уступать, соглашатьсяgive way to — уступать; поддаваться
20. v подаваться, ослабевать21. v быть эластичным, сгибаться, гнутьсяthe rod gave but did not break — стержень согнулся, но не сломался
22. v оседать, подаватьсяthe floor of the summer-house gave and some of its boards broke — пол в беседке осел, и половицы кое-где проломились
23. v портиться, изнашиваться24. v спец. коробиться, перекашиватьсяСинонимический ряд:1. allot (verb) admeasure; allocate; allot; allow; apportion; distribute; lot; mete; mete out; portion2. assign (verb) assign; assume; suppose3. bend (verb) afford; bend; break; break down; buckle; cave; cave in; crumple; fail; fold up; go; produce; relax; sag; yield4. bestow (verb) accord; award; bestow; concede; confer; donate; enable; endow; give away; grant; hand out; issue; set forth; show; vouchsafe5. collapse (verb) collapse; crumble; fall6. deal (verb) administer; deal; dispense; inflict; strike7. deliver (verb) contribute; deliver; dish out; feed; find; furnish; hand; hand over; provide; relinquish; supply; transfer; turn over8. do (verb) act; do; dramatise; enact; put on9. express (verb) air; express; put; state; vent; ventilate10. happen (verb) befall; betide; chance; come; come off; develop; fall out; hap; happen; occur; rise; transpire11. have (verb) have; hold; stage12. offer (verb) extend; hold out; offer; pose; proffer; tender13. pass (verb) carry; communicate; convey; divulge; impart; pass; spread; transmit14. perform (verb) make do; perform; present15. pronounce (verb) emit; give out; pronounce; publish; put forth; render; utter16. recede (verb) cede; draw back; give over; give up; recede; retire; retreat17. sell (verb) market; sell; vend18. spend (verb) disburse; expend; fork out; lay out; outlay; pay; shell out; spend19. turn (verb) address; apply; buckle down; concentrate; dedicate; devote; direct; focus; throw; turnАнтонимический ряд:accept; deny; deprive; dispossess; divest; fail; grasp; hoard; hold; keep; neglect; receive; refuse; remove; resist; restrain; retain; take; withstand -
102 lower
1. a от 1 I2. a низшийthe lower ranks of life, the lower walks of life — низшие слои общества
3. a недавний4. a геол. нижний, более ранний5. v спускать; опускать6. v опускаться, падать7. v снижать; уменьшать8. v снижаться, уменьшатьсяoil will lower in price — нефть подешевеет, нефть снизится в цене
9. v понижать10. v уменьшать высоту, делать нижеmuch lower — гораздо более низкий; гораздо ниже
11. v ослаблять12. v унижать13. v разг. проглотить, съестьСинонимический ряд:1. cheaper (adj.) cheaper; more inexpensive; more low-cost; more low-priced; more popular; more reasonable; more uncostly; more undear2. coarser (adj.) coarser; crasser; cruder; grosser; more incult; more inelegant; more uncouth; more uncultivated; more uncultured; more unrefined; more vulgar; rawer; rougher; ruder3. deeper (adj.) deeper; lower; more bass; more low-pitched4. inferior (adj.) beneath; demeaning; inferior; less; lesser; low; nether; subjacent; under5. meaner (adj.) baser; filthier; fouler; meaner; more abhorrent; more contemptible; more despicable; more detestable; more disgusting; more loathsome; more low-down; more obnoxious; more odious; more reprehensible; more repugnant; more servile; more sordid; more squalid; nastier; rottener; shabbier; sorrier; uglier; viler; wretcheder6. more downcast (adj.) bluer; droopier; duller; gloomier; more chapfallen; more crestfallen; more dejected; more depressed; more disconsolate; more dispirited; more doleful; more down; more downcast; more downhearted; more down-in-the-mouth; more downthrown; more heartsick; more heartsore; more heavy-hearted; more hipped; more low-spirited; more melancholic; more melancholy; more mopey; more saddened; more soul-sick; more spiritless; more sunk; more woebegone; sadder; unhappier; worse7. more ignoble (adj.) humbler; lowlier; more baseborn; more ignoble; more lowborn; more plebeian; more unennobled; more unwashed8. more subaverage (adj.) more subaverage; more subnormal9. more unwell (adj.) more ailing; more indisposed; more off-color; more offish; more poorly; more underly; more unwell; sicklier10. poorer (adj.) flatter; more beggared; more broke; more destitute; more fortuneless; more impecunious; more impoverished; more indigent; more necessitous; more penurious; more poverty-stricken; more stone-broke; more strapped; more unprosperous; needier; poorer; stonier11. small (adj.) more inferior; more lesser; more minor; more minor-league; more secondary; more under; petty; small12. smaller (adj.) more hushed; more low-key; more subdued; quieter; smaller; softer13. depreciate (verb) cheapen; decry; depreciate; devalorize; devaluate; devalue; downgrade; mark down; underprize; underrate; undervalue; write down; write off14. depress (verb) couch; demit; depress; droop; let down; plunge; sink; submerge; take down15. fall (verb) descend; drop; fall16. glower (verb) darken; frown; gloom; glower; scowl; threaten17. humble (verb) abase; bemean; cast down; debase; degrade; demean; disgrace; humble; humiliate18. modulate (verb) modulate; muffle; subdue19. reduce (verb) chop; clip; crop; curtail; cut; cut back; cut down; decrease; diminish; lessen; lop; prune; reduce; shave; shear; slash; trim20. soften (verb) pare; quiet down; soften; turn down21. downward (other) below; down; downward; downwards; to the floor; to the groundАнтонимический ряд:amplify; brighten; elevate; exalt; heighten; higher; hoist; honour; increase; raise; superior -
103 collapse
[kə'læps]1) (to fall down and break into pieces: The bridge collapsed under the weight of the traffic.) s'écrouler2) ((of a person) to fall down especially unconscious, because of illness, shock etc: She collapsed with a heart attack.) s'effondrer3) (to break down, fail: The talks between the two countries have collapsed.) s'écrouler4) (to fold up or to (cause to) come to pieces (intentionally): Do these chairs collapse?) se plier• -
104 collapse
[kə'læps]1) (to fall down and break into pieces: The bridge collapsed under the weight of the traffic.) ruir, desmoronar2) ((of a person) to fall down especially unconscious, because of illness, shock etc: She collapsed with a heart attack.) desmaiar3) (to break down, fail: The talks between the two countries have collapsed.) fracassar4) (to fold up or to (cause to) come to pieces (intentionally): Do these chairs collapse?) desmontar• -
105 keep
keep [ki:p]garder ⇒ 1A (a)-(c), 1B (e), 1D (d) mettre ⇒ 1A (c) retenir ⇒ 1B (d) avoir ⇒ 1C (b) tenir ⇒ 1C (c) vendre ⇒ 1C (d) élever ⇒ 1C (e) observer ⇒ 1D (b) maintenir ⇒ 1D (c) continuer ⇒ 2 (a) rester ⇒ 2 (b) se tenir ⇒ 2 (b) se conserver ⇒ 2 (c) aller ⇒ 2 (d)(pt & pp kept [kept])A.(a) (retain → receipt, change) garder;∎ you can keep the book I lent you vous pouvez garder le livre que je vous ai prêté;∎ she's kept her English accent elle a gardé son accent anglais;∎ please keep your seats veuillez rester assis;∎ he's never kept a job for more than a year il n'a jamais gardé ou conservé le même emploi plus d'un an;∎ to keep a secret garder un secret;∎ to keep one's temper/composure garder son calme/son sang-froid;∎ to keep one's figure garder la ligne;∎ to keep its shape/colour (garment) conserver sa forme/couleur;∎ to keep sth to oneself garder qch pour soi;∎ they kept the discovery to themselves ils ont gardé la découverte pour eux;∎ keep it to yourself! garde ça pour toi!;∎ you can keep your snide remarks to yourself! tu peux garder tes remarques déplaisantes pour toi!;∎ keep your hands to yourself! bas les mains!;∎ to keep oneself to oneself rester dans son coin;∎ they keep themselves very much to themselves ils ne se mêlent pas du tout aux autres;∎ familiar if that's your idea of a holiday, you can keep it! si c'est ça ton idée des vacances, tu peux te la garder!;∎ familiar tell him he can keep his rotten job! dis-lui qu'il peut se le garder, son sale boulot!∎ to keep sth for sb garder qch pour qn;∎ we've kept some cake for you on t'a gardé du gâteau;∎ can you keep my seat? pouvez-vous (me) garder ma place?;∎ we'll keep the tickets for you until Wednesday nous vous garderons les tickets jusqu'à mercredi;∎ I'm keeping this cigar for later je garde ce cigare pour plus tard(c) (store, put) mettre, garder;∎ she keeps her money in the bank elle met son argent à la banque;∎ I keep my comb in my pocket je mets toujours mon peigne dans ma poche;∎ how long can you keep fish in the freezer? combien de temps peut-on garder ou conserver du poisson au congélateur?;∎ where do you keep the playing cards? où est-ce que vous rangez les cartes à jouer?;∎ I've got nowhere to keep my books je n'ai nulle part où mettre mes livres;∎ keep out of the reach of children (on medicine, harmful products) ne pas laisser à la portée des enfantsB.(a) (with adj complement) (maintain in the specified state) to keep sth clean/secret tenir qch propre/secret;∎ to keep sb quiet faire tenir qn tranquille;∎ to keep oneself warm (by staying in the warmth) se tenir au chaud; (by dressing warmly) s'habiller chaudement;∎ to keep sth warm garder qch au chaud;∎ the noise kept me awake le bruit m'a empêché de dormir, le bruit m'a tenu éveillé;∎ to keep the door open/shut garder ou laisser la porte ouverte/fermée;∎ the doors are kept locked les portes sont toujours fermées à clef;∎ to keep sth up to date tenir qch à jour(b) (with adv complement) (maintain in the specified manner or place) a well-kept/badly kept office un bureau bien/mal tenu;∎ the weather kept us indoors le temps nous a empêchés de sortir;∎ troops were kept on the alert les soldats ont été maintenus en état d'alerte;∎ he kept his hands in his pockets il a gardé les mains dans les poches;∎ keep your eyes on the red dot ne quittez pas le point rouge des yeux;∎ keep the noise to a minimum essayez de ne pas faire trop de bruit(c) (with present participle) to keep sb waiting faire attendre qn;∎ keep the engine running n'arrêtez pas le moteur;∎ we kept the fire burning all night nous avons laissé le feu allumé toute la nuit;∎ to keep sth going (organization, business) faire marcher qch; (music, conversation) ne pas laisser qch s'arrêter;∎ alcohol is the only thing that keeps me going l'alcool est la seule chose qui me permette de tenir (le coup)∎ I hope I've not kept you j'espère que je ne vous ai pas retenu;∎ what kept you? qu'est-ce qui t'a retenu?∎ to keep sb in hospital/prison garder qn à l'hôpital/en prison;∎ the doctor kept him in bed le médecin l'a obligé à garder le lit;∎ I don't want to keep you from your work je ne veux pas vous empêcher de travailler;∎ there was nothing to keep me in England/with that company rien ne me retenait en Angleterre/dans cette entrepriseC.∎ he hardly earns enough to keep himself il gagne à peine de quoi vivre;∎ she has a husband and six children to keep elle a un mari et six enfants à nourrir;∎ it keeps me in cigarettes ça paie mes cigarettes;∎ the grant barely keeps me in food ma bourse me permet tout juste de me payer de quoi manger∎ he keeps a mistress il a une maîtresse;∎ they keep a maid and a gardener ils ont une bonne et un jardinier(c) (run → shop, business) tenir∎ I'm afraid we don't keep that article je regrette, nous ne vendons pas ou nous ne faisons pas cet article(e) (farm animals) élever;∎ they keep pigs/bees ils élèvent des porcs/des abeilles(f) (diary, list etc) tenir;∎ my secretary keeps my accounts ma secrétaire tient ou s'occupe de ma comptabilité;∎ to keep a record of events prendre les événements en note;∎ to keep a note of sth noter qchD.(a) (fulfil → a promise) tenir;∎ to keep one's word tenir sa parole(b) (observe → silence) observer; (→ the Sabbath) respecter; (→ law) respecter, observer; (→ vow) rester fidèle à; (→ treaty) tenir, respecter, observer; (→ date, appointment) ne pas manquer;∎ Religion to keep the commandments observer les commandements∎ to keep order/the peace maintenir l'ordre/la paix;∎ to keep a lookout faire le guet∎ to keep goal être gardien de but;∎ to keep wicket (in cricket) garder le guichet;∎ archaic God keep you! Dieu vous garde!E.∎ to keep sb from doing sth empêcher qn de faire qch;∎ nothing will keep me from going rien ne m'empêchera d'y aller∎ to keep sth from sb cacher qch à qn;∎ to keep information from sb dissimuler des informations à qn;∎ I can't keep anything from her je ne peux rien lui cacher;∎ they deliberately kept the news from his family ils ont fait exprès de cacher les nouvelles à sa famille(a) (with present participle) (continue) continuer;∎ letters keep pouring in les lettres continuent d'affluer;∎ don't keep apologizing arrête de t'excuser;∎ they keep teasing him ils n'arrêtent pas de le taquiner;∎ to keep smiling garder le sourire;∎ don't keep asking questions ne posez pas tout le temps des questions;∎ I wish you wouldn't keep saying that j'aimerais bien que tu arrêtes de répéter cela;∎ she had several failures but kept trying elle a essuyé plusieurs échecs mais elle a persévéré;∎ to keep going (not give up) continuer;∎ keep going till you get to the crossroads allez jusqu'au croisement;∎ she kept going when everyone else had given up elle a continué alors que tous les autres avaient abandonné;∎ with so few customers, it's a wonder the shop keeps going avec si peu de clients, c'est un miracle que le magasin ne ferme pas(b) (stay, remain) rester, se tenir;∎ to keep quiet se tenir ou rester tranquille;∎ keep calm! restez calmes!, du calme!;∎ she kept warm by jumping up and down elle se tenait chaud en sautillant sur place;∎ keep to the path ne vous écartez pas du chemin;∎ to keep in touch with sb rester en contact avec qn;∎ to keep to oneself se tenir à l'écart(c) (last, stay fresh) se conserver, se garder;∎ it will keep for a week in the refrigerator vous pouvez le garder ou conserver au réfrigérateur pendant une semaine;∎ what I've got to tell you won't keep till tomorrow ce que j'ai à te dire n'attendra pas jusqu'à demain;∎ will it keep till later? (news) est-ce que ça peut attendre?(d) (in health) aller;∎ how are you keeping? comment allez-vous?, comment ça va?;∎ I'm keeping well je vais bien, ça va (bien);∎ she doesn't keep well elle ne jouit pas d'une bonne santé3 noun∎ the grant is supposed to be enough to pay your keep la bourse est censée vous permettre de payer la nourriture et le logement;∎ he gives his mother £50 a week for his keep il donne 50 livres par semaine à sa mère pour sa pension;∎ to earn one's keep = payer ou travailler pour être nourri et logé;∎ our cat certainly earns his keep notre chat vaut bien ce qu'il nous coûte∎ for keeps pour de bon□➲ keep at∎ the sergeant kept us hard at it all morning le sergent nous a fait travailler toute la matinée∎ she kept at him until he agreed elle l'a harcelé jusqu'à ce qu'il accepte∎ to keep at it persévérer;∎ he kept at it until he found a solution il a persévéré jusqu'à trouver une solutiontenir éloigné, empêcher d'approcher;∎ keep the baby away from the fire empêche le bébé d'approcher du feu;∎ the rain kept a lot of spectators away la pluie a dissuadé bien des spectateurs de venir;∎ keep that dog away (from me)! tenez ce chien loin de moi!;∎ the wind will keep the rain away le vent empêchera la pluiene pas s'approcher;∎ keep away (from me)! n'approchez pas!;∎ keep away from the cooker ne t'approche pas de la cuisinière;∎ keep away from those people évitez ces gens-là;∎ I felt my visits were unwelcome and so I kept away je n'avais pas l'impression que mes visites étaient bienvenues, alors je n'y suis plus allé;∎ I can't keep away from chocolates je ne peux pas résister quand je vois des chocolats(a) (keep at a distance → crowd, spectators) tenir éloigné, empêcher de s'approcher(b) (not reveal → names, facts) cacher;∎ I'm sure he's keeping something back (from us) je suis sûr qu'il (nous) cache quelque chose∎ part of our salary is kept back every month une partie de notre salaire est retenue tous les mois∎ to be kept back after school être en retenue;∎ School to be kept back a year redoubler(e) (restrain) retenir;∎ he struggled to keep back the tears il s'est efforcé de retenir ses larmesrester en arrière, ne pas s'approcher;∎ keep back! restez où vous êtes!, n'approchez pas!(after meeting, class) retenir(a) (not raise) ne pas lever;∎ keep your head down! ne lève pas la tête!, garde la tête baissée!;∎ keep your voices down! parlez moins fort ou plus bas(b) (prevent from increasing) limiter;∎ we must keep our expenses down il faut que nous limitions nos dépenses;∎ our aim is to keep prices down notre but est d'empêcher les prix d'augmenter;∎ to keep one's weight down garder la ligne∎ the army kept the population/the revolt down l'armée a tenu la population en respect/a maté la révolte;∎ you can't keep a good man down rien n'arrête un homme de mérite∎ she can't keep solid foods down son estomac ne garde aucun aliment solide∎ to be kept down a year redoubler une annéene pas se relever;∎ keep down! ne vous relevez pas!s'empêcher de, se retenir de;∎ I couldn't keep from laughing je n'ai pas pu m'empêcher de rire➲ keep in∎ the bad weather kept us in le mauvais temps nous a empêchés de sortir;∎ they're keeping him in overnight (in hospital) ils le gardent pour la nuit∎ to keep one's hand in garder la main(not go out) ne pas sortir, rester chez soi∎ to keep in with sb ne pas se mettre mal avec qn➲ keep off∎ this cream will keep the mosquitoes off cette crème vous/le/te/ etc protégera contre les moustiques;∎ keep your hands off! pas touche!, bas les pattes!(b) (coat, hat) ne pas remettre∎ keep off drink and tobacco évitez l'alcool et le tabac;∎ we tried to keep off the topic on a essayé d'éviter le sujet(b) (keep at a distance from) ne pas s'approcher de;∎ keep off the grass (sign) pelouse interdite(a) (keep at a distance) ne pas s'approcher;∎ that's mine, keep off! c'est à moi, n'y touchez pas!∎ the rain/snow kept off il n'a pas plu/neigé;∎ if the storm keeps off si l'orage n'éclate pas➲ keep on(a) (coat, hat) garder(b) (employee) garder∎ to keep the central heating on laisser le chauffage central en marche;∎ don't keep the lights on all day ne laissez pas la lumière allumée toute la journée(a) (continue) continuer;∎ keep on until you come to a crossroads continuez jusqu'à ce que vous arriviez à un carrefour;∎ they kept on talking ils ont continué à parler;∎ don't keep on asking questions ne posez pas tout le temps des questions;∎ I keep on making the same mistakes je fais toujours les mêmes erreurs∎ he keeps on about his kids il n'arrête pas de parler de ses gosses;∎ don't keep on about it! ça suffit, j'ai compris!;∎ he just keeps on and on about it il n'arrête pas d'en parler∎ to keep on at sb (to do sth) harceler qn (pour qu'il fasse qch)□➲ keep outempêcher d'entrer;∎ a guard dog to keep intruders out un chien de garde pour décourager les intrus;∎ a scarf to keep the cold out une écharpe pour vous protéger du froidne pas entrer;∎ to keep out of an argument ne pas intervenir dans une discussion;∎ to keep out of danger rester à l'abri du danger;∎ try to keep out of trouble essaie de ne pas t'attirer d'ennuis(a) (observe, respect) respecter;∎ you must keep to the deadlines vous devez respecter les délais(b) (not deviate from) ne pas s'écarter de;∎ to keep to the script (actors) s'en tenir au script;∎ keep to the point or the subject! ne vous écartez pas du sujet!;∎ keep to the main roads when it's icy restez sur les grandes routes quand il y a du verglas∎ to keep to one's room/bed garder la chambre/le litne pas séparer;∎ I'd like them to be kept together j'aimerais qu'ils ne soient pas séparésrester ensemble∎ he's being kept under with Pentothal on le garde sous Pentothal➲ keep up(a) (prevent from falling → shelf, roof) maintenir;∎ I need a belt to keep my trousers up j'ai besoin d'une ceinture pour empêcher mon pantalon de tomber;∎ figurative it will keep prices up ça empêchera les prix de baisser;∎ it's to keep the troops' morale up c'est pour maintenir le moral des troupes;∎ keep your spirits up! ne te laisse pas abattre!(b) (maintain → attack, bombardment) poursuivre; (→ correspondence, contacts, conversation) entretenir;∎ you have to keep up the payments on ne peut pas interrompre les versements;∎ she kept up a constant flow of questions elle ne cessait de poser des questions;∎ it's a tradition which hasn't been kept up c'est une tradition qui s'est perdue;∎ keep up the good work! c'est du bon travail, continuez!;∎ you're doing well, keep it up! c'est bien, continuez!;∎ once they start talking politics, they can keep it up all night une fois lancés sur la politique, ils sont capables d'y passer la nuit(c) (prevent from going to bed) empêcher de dormir;∎ the baby kept us up all night nous n'avons pas pu fermer l'œil de la nuit à cause du bébé(d) (not allow to deteriorate → house, garden) entretenir;∎ the lawns haven't been kept up les pelouses n'ont pas été entretenues;∎ she goes to evening classes to keep up her French elle suit des cours du soir pour entretenir son français(a) (continue) continuer;∎ if this noise keeps up much longer, I'm going to scream! si ce bruit continue, je crois que je vais hurler!(b) (not fall) se maintenir;∎ if prices keep up si les prix se maintiennent;∎ how are their spirits keeping up? est-ce qu'ils gardent le moral?(c) (not fall behind) suivre;∎ he's finding it hard to keep up in his new class il a du mal à suivre dans sa nouvelle classe;∎ things change so quickly I can't keep up les choses bougent si vite que j'ai du mal à suivre∎ to keep up with the news se tenir au courant de l'actualité;∎ I can barely keep up with her (she changes so much) ça change tellement vite avec elle que j'ai du mal à suivre;∎ to keep up with the times être à la page(b) (keep in touch with) rester en contact avec;∎ have you kept up with your cousin in Australia? est-ce que tu es resté en contact avec ton cousin d'Australie?∎ to keep up with sb aller à la même allure que qn;∎ I can't keep up with you vous marchez/parlez/ etc trop vite pour moi;∎ he couldn't keep up with the rest of the children in his class il n'arrivait pas à suivre dans sa classe -
106 stand
stand [stænd]stand ⇒ 1 (a) étal ⇒ 1 (a) support ⇒ 1 (b) plate-forme ⇒ 1 (c) tribune ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) barre ⇒ 1 (f) position ⇒ 1 (g) mettre ⇒ 2 (a) poser ⇒ 2 (a) supporter ⇒ 2 (b)-(d) se lever ⇒ 3 (a) être debout ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) être ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (e), 3 (f) se tenir ⇒ 3 (b) reposer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (g) se trouver ⇒ 3 (e) rester ⇒ 3 (g) rester valable ⇒ 3 (h) se classer ⇒ 3 (j)(pt & pp stood [stʊd])1 noun(a) (stall, booth → at exhibition, trade fair) stand m; (→ in market) étal m, éventaire m; (kiosk) kiosque m;∎ a shooting stand un stand de tir;∎ newspaper stand kiosque m (à journaux)(b) (frame, support → gen) support m; (→ for lamp, sink) pied m; (→ on bicycle, motorbike) béquille f; (→ for pipes, guns) râtelier m; Commerce (→ for magazines, sunglasses) présentoir m; (lectern) lutrin m;∎ bicycle stand (in street) râtelier m à bicyclettes;∎ plant stand sellette f;∎ plate stand support m à assiette, présentoir m;∎ Commerce revolving stand tourniquet m, présentoir m rotatif(d) (in sports ground) tribune f;∎ the stands roared un rugissement s'éleva des tribunes ou des gradins∎ (taxi) stand station f de taxis(f) (in courtroom) barre f;∎ the first witness took the stand le premier témoin est venu à la barre(g) (position, stance) position f;∎ to take a stand on sth prendre position sur qch;∎ what's your stand on the issue? quelle est votre position sur la question?;∎ he refuses to take a stand il refuse de prendre position∎ to make a stand résister;∎ they made a stand at the foot of the hill ils ont résisté au pied de la colline;∎ to make a stand against an abuse s'opposer résolument à un abus;∎ History Custer's last stand la dernière bataille de Custer∎ a fine stand of corn un beau champ de blé;∎ a stand of bamboo un massif de bambous(a) (set, place) mettre, poser;∎ he stood the boy on a chair il a mis le garçon debout sur une chaise;∎ she stood her umbrella in the corner elle a mis son parapluie dans le coin;∎ to stand sth on (its) end mettre qch debout;∎ help me stand the bedstead against the wall aide-moi à dresser le sommier ou mettre le sommier debout contre le mur(b) (endure, withstand) supporter;∎ his heart couldn't stand the shock son cœur n'a pas résisté au ou n'a pas supporté le choc;∎ it will stand high temperatures without cracking cela peut résister à ou supporter des températures élevées sans se fissurer;∎ how much weight can the bridge stand? quel poids le pont peut-il supporter?;∎ the motor wasn't built to stand intensive use le moteur n'a pas été conçu pour supporter un usage intensif;∎ wool carpeting can stand a lot of hard wear les moquettes en laine sont très résistantes;∎ she's not strong enough to stand another operation elle n'est pas assez forte pour supporter une nouvelle opération;∎ he certainly doesn't stand comparison with Bogart il n'est absolument pas possible de le comparer avec Bogart;∎ their figures don't stand close inspection leurs chiffres ne résistent pas à un examen sérieux∎ I can't stand it any longer! je n'en peux plus!;∎ how can you stand working with him? comment est-ce que vous faites pour ou comment arrivez-vous à travailler avec lui?;∎ I've had as much as I can stand of your griping! j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades!;∎ if there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy s'il y a quelque chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisie;∎ I can't stand (the sight of) him! je ne peux pas le supporter!, je ne peux pas le voir en peinture!;∎ she can't stand Wagner/smokers elle ne peut pas supporter Wagner/les fumeurs;∎ he can't stand flying il déteste prendre l'avion∎ oil company profits could certainly stand a cut une diminution de leurs bénéfices ne ferait aucun mal aux compagnies pétrolières;∎ he could stand a bath! un bain ne lui ferait pas de mal!;∎ American could I stand a drink! je prendrais bien un petit verre!(e) (perform duty of) remplir la fonction de;∎ to stand witness for sb (at marriage) être le témoin de qn∎ to stand sb a meal payer un repas à qn;∎ to stand a chance (of doing sth) avoir de bonnes chances (de faire qch);∎ you don't stand a chance! vous n'avez pas la moindre chance!;∎ the plans stand little chance of being approved les projets ont peu de chances d'être approuvés(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ he refused to stand for the national anthem il a refusé de se lever pendant l'hymne national(b) (be on one's feet) être debout, se tenir debout; (in a specified location, posture) être, se tenir;∎ I've been standing all day je suis resté debout toute la journée;∎ I had to stand all the way j'ai dû voyager debout pendant tout le trajet;∎ she was so tired she could hardly stand elle était si fatiguée qu'elle avait du mal à tenir debout ou sur ses jambes;∎ wear flat shoes if you have to stand a lot portez des chaussures à talons plats si vous devez rester debout pendant des heures;∎ I don't mind standing ça ne me gêne pas de rester debout;∎ don't stand near the edge ne restez pas près du bord;∎ don't just stand there, do something! ne restez pas là à ne rien faire!;∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;∎ I saw her standing at the window je l'ai vue (debout) à la fenêtre;∎ a man stood in the doorway un homme se tenait à la porte;∎ do you see that man standing over there? vous voyez cet homme là-bas?;∎ where should I stand? - beside Yvonne où dois-je me mettre? - à côté d'Yvonne;∎ I'll be standing outside the theatre j'attendrai devant le théâtre;∎ small groups of men stood talking at street corners des hommes discutaient par petits groupes au coin des rues;∎ he was standing at the bar il était debout au comptoir;∎ is there a chair I can stand on? y a-t-il une chaise sur laquelle je puisse monter?;∎ they were standing a little way off ils se tenaient un peu à l'écart;∎ excuse me, you're standing on my foot excusez-moi, vous me marchez sur le pied;∎ American to stand in line faire la queue;∎ School stand in the corner! au coin!;∎ to stand upright or erect se tenir droit;∎ he was so nervous he couldn't stand still il était si nerveux qu'il ne tenait pas en place;∎ I stood perfectly still, hoping they wouldn't see me je me suis figé sur place en espérant qu'ils ne me verraient pas;∎ stand still! ne bougez pas!, ne bougez plus!;∎ stand with your feet apart écartez les pieds;∎ the heron was standing on one leg le héron se tenait debout sur une patte;∎ to stand on tiptoe se tenir sur la pointe des pieds;∎ stand and deliver! la bourse ou la vie!;∎ figurative to stand on one's own two feet se débrouiller tout seul;∎ figurative he left the others standing (gen) il était de loin le meilleur; (in race) il a laissé les autres sur place(c) (be upright → post, target etc) être debout;∎ not a stone (of the building) was left standing le bâtiment était complètement détruit;∎ the house is still standing la maison tient toujours debout;∎ the aqueduct has stood for centuries l'aqueduc est là depuis des siècles;∎ the wheat stood high les blés étaient hauts(d) (be supported, be mounted) reposer;∎ the coffin stood on trestles le cercueil reposait sur des tréteaux;∎ the house stands on solid foundations la maison repose ou est bâtie sur des fondations solides;∎ figurative this argument stands on three simple facts ce raisonnement repose sur trois simples faits∎ the fort stands on a hill la forteresse se trouve en haut d'une colline;∎ this is where the city gates once stood c'est ici qu'autrefois se dressaient les portes de la ville;∎ the piano stood in the centre of the room le piano était au centre ou occupait le centre de la pièce;∎ the bottles stood in rows of five les bouteilles étaient disposées en rangées de cinq;∎ do you see the lorry standing next to my car? vous voyez le camion qui est à côté de ma voiture?;∎ a wardrobe stood against one wall il y avait une armoire contre un mur(f) (indicating current state of affairs, situation) être;∎ how do things stand? où en est la situation?;∎ I'd like to know where I stand with you j'aimerais savoir où en sont les choses entre nous;∎ I don't know where I stand j'ignore quelle est ma situation ou ma position;∎ you never know how or where you stand with her on ne sait jamais sur quel pied danser avec elle;∎ as things stand, as matters stand telles que les choses se présentent;∎ he's dissatisfied with the contract as it stands il n'est pas satisfait du contrat tel qu'il a été rédigé;∎ just print the text as it stands imprimez le texte tel quel;∎ he stands accused of rape il est accusé de viol;∎ she stands alone in advocating this approach elle est la seule à préconiser cette approche;∎ I stand corrected je reconnais m'être trompé ou mon erreur;∎ the doors stood wide open les portes étaient grandes ouvertes;∎ I've got a taxi standing ready j'ai un taxi qui attend;∎ the police are standing ready to intervene la police se tient prête à intervenir;∎ the party stands united behind him le parti est uni derrière lui;∎ no-one stands above the law personne n'est au-dessus des lois;∎ their turnover now stands at three million pounds leur chiffre d'affaires atteint désormais les trois millions de livres;∎ the exchange rate stands at 5 francs to the dollar le taux de change est de 5 francs pour un dollar;∎ we're standing right behind you nous sommes avec vous;∎ with the union standing behind him avec le soutien du syndicat;∎ nothing stood between her and victory rien ne pouvait désormais l'empêcher de gagner;∎ it's the only thing standing between us and financial disaster c'est la seule chose qui nous empêche de sombrer dans un désastre financier;∎ to stand in need of… avoir besoin de…;∎ he stands in danger of losing his job il risque de perdre son emploi;∎ I stood lost in admiration j'en suis resté béat d'admiration;∎ to stand in sb's way bloquer le passage à qn;∎ figurative don't stand in my way! n'essaie pas de m'en empêcher!;∎ nothing stands in our way now maintenant, la voie est libre;∎ if you want to leave school I'm not going to stand in your way si tu veux quitter l'école, je ne m'y opposerai pas;∎ it's his lack of experience that stands in his way c'est son manque d'expérience qui le handicape;∎ their foreign debt stands in the way of economic recovery leur dette extérieure constitue un obstacle à la reprise économique;∎ her pride is the only thing standing in the way of their reconciliation son orgueil est le seul obstacle à leur réconciliation∎ the machines stood idle les machines étaient arrêtées;∎ the houses stood empty awaiting demolition les maisons, vidées de leurs occupants, attendaient d'être démolies;∎ time stood still le temps semblait s'être arrêté;∎ the car has been standing in the garage for a year ça fait un an que la voiture n'a pas bougé du garage;∎ I've decided to let my flight reservation stand j'ai décidé de ne pas changer ma réservation d'avion;∎ let the mixture stand until the liquid is clear laissez reposer le mélange jusqu'à ce que le liquide se clarifie;∎ the champion stands unbeaten le champion reste invaincu;∎ his theory stood unchallenged for a decade pendant dix ans, personne n'a remis en cause sa théorie;∎ the government will stand or fall on the outcome of this vote le maintien ou la chute du gouvernement dépend du résultat de ce vote;∎ united we stand, divided we fall l'union fait la force∎ my invitation still stands vous êtes toujours invité;∎ the verdict stands unless there's an appeal le jugement reste valable à moins que l'on ne fasse appel;∎ even with this new plan, our objection still stands ce nouveau projet ne remet pas en cause notre objection première;∎ the bet stands le pari tient;∎ what you said last week, does that still stand? et ce que tu as dit la semaine dernière, ça tient toujours?(i) (measure → person, tree) mesurer;∎ she stands 5 feet in her stocking feet elle mesure moins de 1,50 m pieds nus;∎ the building stands ten storeys high l'immeuble compte dix étages∎ this hotel stands among the best in the world cet hôtel figure parmi les meilleurs du monde;∎ American she stands first/last in her class elle est la première/la dernière de sa classe;∎ I know she stands high in your opinion je sais que tu as une très bonne opinion d'elle;∎ for price and quality, it stands high on my list en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, je le range ou le compte parmi les meilleurs∎ how or where does he stand on the nuclear issue? quelle est sa position ou son point de vue sur la question du nucléaire?;∎ you ought to tell them where you stand vous devriez leur faire part de votre position∎ to stand to lose risquer de perdre;∎ to stand to win avoir des chances de gagner;∎ they stand to make a huge profit on the deal ils ont des chances de faire un bénéfice énorme dans cette affaire;∎ no one stands to gain from a quarrel like this personne n'a rien à gagner d'une telle querelle∎ she stood for Waltham elle a été candidate à la circonscription de Waltham;∎ will he stand for re-election? va-t-il se représenter aux élections?;∎ she's standing as an independent elle se présente en tant que candidate indépendante∎ no standing (sign) arrêt interdit∎ you're standing c'est ta tournéerester là;∎ we stood about or around waiting for the flight announcement nous restions là à attendre que le vol soit annoncé;∎ the prisoners stood about or around in small groups les prisonniers se tenaient par petits groupes;∎ after Mass, the men stand about or around in the square après la messe, les hommes s'attardent sur la place;∎ I can't afford to pay people to stand around all day doing nothing je n'ai pas les moyens de payer les gens à ne rien faire;∎ I'm not just going to stand about waiting for you to make up your mind! je n'ai pas l'intention de rester là à attendre que tu te décides!(move aside) s'écarter;∎ stand aside, someone's fainted! écartez-vous, quelqu'un s'est évanoui!;∎ he politely stood aside to let us pass il s'écarta ou s'effaça poliment pour nous laisser passer;∎ figurative to stand aside in favour of sb (gen) laisser la voie libre à qn; Politics se désister en faveur de qn(a) (move back) reculer, s'écarter;∎ stand back from the doors! écartez-vous des portes!;∎ she stood back to look at herself in the mirror elle recula pour se regarder dans la glace;∎ the painting is better if you stand back from it le tableau est mieux si vous prenez du recul(b) (be set back) être en retrait ou à l'écart;∎ the house stands back from the road la maison est en retrait (de la route)(c) (take mental distance) prendre du recul;∎ I need to stand back and take stock j'ai besoin de prendre du recul et de faire le point➲ stand by(a) (support → person) soutenir;∎ I'll stand by you through thick and thin je te soutiendrai ou je resterai à tes côtés quoi qu'il arrive∎ to stand by an agreement respecter un accord;∎ I stand by what I said/my original analysis of the situation je m'en tiens à ce que j'ai dit/ma première analyse de la situation(a) (not intervene) rester là (sans rien faire ou sans intervenir);∎ how could you just stand by and watch them mistreat that poor dog? comment as-tu pu rester là à les regarder maltraiter ce pauvre chien (sans intervenir)?;∎ I stood by helplessly while they searched the room je restais là, impuissant, pendant qu'ils fouillaient la pièce(b) (be ready → person) être ou se tenir prêt; (→ vehicle) être prêt; (→ army, embassy) être en état d'alerte;∎ the police were standing by to disperse the crowd la police se tenait prête à disperser la foule;∎ we have an oxygen machine standing by nous avons une machine à oxygène prête en cas d'urgence;∎ stand by! attention!; Nautical paré!, attention!;∎ Aviation stand by for takeoff préparez-vous pour le décollage;∎ Radio stand by to receive prenez l'écoute;∎ Military standing by for orders! à vos ordres!∎ will he stand down in favour of a younger candidate? va-t-il se désister en faveur d'un candidat plus jeune?(b) (leave witness box) quitter la barre;∎ you may stand down, Mr Simms vous pouvez quitter la barre, M. Simms∎ stand down! (after drill) rompez (les rangs)!(workers) licencier(a) (represent) représenter;∎ what does DNA stand for? que veut dire l'abréviation ADN?;∎ the R stands for Ryan le R signifie Ryan;∎ the dove stands for peace la colombe symbolise la paix;∎ we want our name to stand for quality and efficiency nous voulons que notre nom soit synonyme de qualité et d'efficacité;∎ she supports the values and ideas the party once stood for elle soutient les valeurs et les idées qui furent autrefois celles du parti;∎ I detest everything that they stand for! je déteste tout ce qu'ils représentent!∎ I'm not going to stand for it! je ne le tolérerai ou permettrai pas!assurer le remplacement;∎ to stand in for sb remplacer qn; Cinema doubler qnNautical (coast, island) croiser au large de;∎ they have an aircraft carrier standing off Aden ils ont un porte-avions qui croise au large d'Aden(a) (move away) s'écarter∎ the veins in his neck stood out les veines de son cou saillaient ou étaient gonflées∎ the pink stands out against the green background le rose ressort ou se détache sur le fond vert;∎ the masts stood out against the sky les mâts se découpaient ou se dessinaient contre le ciel;∎ the name on the truck stood out clearly le nom sur le camion était bien visible;∎ she stands out in a crowd on la remarque dans la foule;∎ figurative I don't like to stand out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser;∎ this one book stands out from all his others ce livre-ci surclasse tous ses autres livres;∎ there is no one issue which stands out as being more important than the others il n'y a pas une question qui soit plus importante que les autres;∎ the qualities that stand out in his work les qualités marquantes de son œuvre;∎ she stands out above all the rest elle surpasse ou surclasse tous les autres;∎ the day stands out in my memory cette journée est marquée d'une pierre blanche dans ma mémoire;∎ familiar that stands out a mile! (is very obvious) ça se voit comme le nez au milieu de la figure!;∎ it really stands out that he's not a local ça se voit ou se remarque vraiment qu'il n'est pas d'ici(c) (resist, hold out) tenir bon, tenir, résister;∎ they won't be able to stand out for long ils ne pourront pas tenir ou résister longtemps;∎ to stand out against (attack, enemy) résister à; (change, tax increase) s'opposer avec détermination à;∎ to stand out for sth revendiquer qch;∎ they are standing out for a pay increase ils revendiquent ou réclament une augmentation de salaire(watch over) surveiller;∎ I can't work with someone standing over me je ne peux pas travailler quand quelqu'un regarde par-dessus mon épaule;∎ she stood over him until he'd eaten every last bit elle ne l'a pas lâché avant qu'il ait mangé la dernière mietteBritish (postpone) remettre (à plus tard);∎ I'd prefer to stand this discussion over until we have more information je préférerais remettre cette discussion jusqu'à ce que nous disposions de plus amples renseignementsBritish être remis (à plus tard);∎ we have two items standing over from the last meeting il nous reste deux points à régler depuis la dernière réunion➲ stand toMilitary mettre en état d'alerteMilitary se mettre en état d'alerte;∎ stand to! à vos postes!être ou rester solidaire➲ stand up(a) (set upright → chair, bottle) mettre debout;∎ they stood the prisoner up against a tree ils ont adossé le prisonnier à un arbre;∎ stand the ladder up against the wall mettez ou appuyez l'échelle contre le mur;∎ to stand a child up (again) (re)mettre un enfant sur ses pieds∎ I was stood up twice in a row on m'a posé un lapin deux fois de suite(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she stood up to offer me her seat elle se leva pour m'offrir sa place;∎ stand up! levez-vous!, debout!;∎ figurative to stand up and be counted avoir le courage de ses opinions(b) (be upright) être debout;∎ I can't get the candle to stand up straight je n'arrive pas à faire tenir la bougie droite∎ how is that repair job standing up? est-ce que cette réparation tient toujours?(d) (be valid → argument, claim) être valable, tenir debout;∎ his evidence won't stand up in court son témoignage ne sera pas valable en justicedéfendre;∎ to stand up for oneself se défendre∎ to stand up to sth résister à qch;∎ to stand up to sb tenir tête à ou faire face à qn;∎ he's too weak to stand up to her il est trop faible pour lui tenir tête;∎ she had a hard time standing up to their criticism ça ne lui a pas été facile de faire face à leurs critiques;∎ it won't stand up to that sort of treatment ça ne résistera pas à ce genre de traitement;∎ her hypothesis doesn't stand up to empirical testing son hypothèse ne résiste pas à la vérification expérimentale -
107 Oeynhausen, Karl von
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 4 February 1795 Grevenburg, near Höxter, Germanyd. 1 February 1865 Grevenburg, near Höxter, Germany[br]German mining officer who introduced fish joints to deep-drilling.[br]The son of a mining officer, Oeynhausen started his career in the Prussian administration of the mining industry in 1816, immediately after he had finished his studies in natural sciences and mathematics at the University of Göttingen. From 1847 until his retirement he was a most effective head of state mines inspectorates, first in Silesia (Breslau; now Wroclaw, Poland), later in Westphalia (Dortmund). During his working life he served in all the important mining districts of Prussia, and travelled to mining areas in other parts of Germany, Belgium, France and Britain. In the 1820s, after visiting Glenck's well-known saltworks near Wimpfen, he was commissioned to search for salt deposits in Prussian territory, where he discovered the thermal springs south of Minden which later became the renowned spa carrying his name.With deeper drills, the increased weight of the rods made it difficult to disengage the drill on each stroke and made the apparatus self-destructive on impact of the drill. Oeynhausen, from 1834, used fish joints, flexible connections between the drill and the rods. Not only did they prevent destructive impact, but they also gave a jerk on the return stroke that facilitated disengagements. He never claimed to have invented the fish joints: in fact, they appeared almost simultaneously in Europe and in America at that time, and had been used since at least the seventeenth century in China, although they were unknown in the Western hemisphere.Using fish joints meant the start of a new era in deep-drilling, allowing much deeper wells to be sunk than before. Five weeks after Oeynhausen, K.G. Kind operated with a different kind of fish joint, and in 1845 another Prussian mining officer, Karl Leopold Fabian (1782–1855), Director of the salt inspectorate at Schönebeck, Elbe, improved the fish joints by developing a special device between the rod and the drill to enable the chisel, strengthened by a sinker bar, to fall onto the bottom of the hole without hindrance with a higher effect. The free-fall system became another factor in the outstanding results of deep-drilling in Prussia in the nineteenth century.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsHonorary PhD, University of Berlin 1860.Bibliography1824, "Über die geologische Ähnlichkeit des steinsalzführenden Gebirges in Lothringen und im südlichen Deutschland mit einigen Gegenden auf beiden Ufern der Weser", Karstens Archiv für Bergbau und Hüttenwesen 8: 52–84.1847, "Bemerkungen über die Anfertigung und den Effekt der aus Hohleisen zusammengesetzten Bohrgestänge", Archiv fur Mineralogie, Geognosie, Bergbau und Hüttenkunde 21:135–60.1832–3, with H.von Dechen, Über den Steinkohlenbergbau in England, 2 parts, Berlin.Further Readingvon Gümbel, "K.v.Oeynhausen", Allgemeine deutsche Biographie 25:31–3.W.Serlo, 1927, "Bergmannsfamilien. Die Familien Fabian und Erdmann", Glückauf.492–3.D.Hoffmann, 1959, 150 Jahre Tiefbohrungen in Deutschland, Vienna and Hamburg (a careful elaboration of the single steps and their context with relation to the development of deep-drilling).WK -
108 plumb
plʌm
1. сущ.
1) кусок свинца на леске, используемый с разными целями а) отвес (прибор для определения перпендикулярности чего-л., тж. plumb line) off of plumb, out of plumb ≈ не отвесно, не вертикально plumb bob ≈ свинцовый груз (часть прибора) б) лот( для определения глубины реки и т. п.) Syn: plummet, sinker
2) шотл. глубокие и/или отвесные впадины, ямы (на дне озера, реки и т. п., обык. тж. plum)
2. прил.
1) прямой, вертикальный( о дереве, столбе и т. п.) ;
крутой, отвесный( о стенах, скалах и т. п.) Syn: vertical
1., sheer I
1., perpendicular
1.
2) откровенный, абсолютный, явный plumb dullness ≈ абсолютная тупость plumb trash ≈ полная чушь Syn: complete
1., downright, thoroughgoing, sheer
3. нареч.
1) вертикально, отвесно, прямо (вверх или вниз - с down, up) Syn: sheer I
2., vertically, perpendicularly
2) перен. прямо, непосредственно;
как раз, именно plumb against me ≈ точно передо мной plumb to the center ≈ прямо в яблочко, в точку Syn: exactly, directly, precisely
3) амер.;
разг. совершенно, полностью;
начисто, напрочь plumb crazy ≈ совсем чокнутый plumb stupid ≈ абсолютно тупой I'm plumb certain ≈ я уверен на все сто ticket plumb through (to) ≈ полный билет (до) plumb out of here! ≈ вон отсюда немедленно!
4. гл.
1) редк. тяжело, отвесно падать;
камнем идти на дно или вниз Syn: fall down, plop
3., sink
2., slump
2.
2) а) бросать лот, измерять глубину( лотом и т. п., тж. plumb the depth) б) перен. отчетливо постигать( глубину чего-л., какого-л. состояния) ;
проникать (в смысл, тайну чего-л.) to plumb the book's complexities ≈ вникнуть в трудные места книги to plumb the deeps of depression ≈ погрузиться в глубокую депрессию
3) а) тж. перен. ставить или устанавливать вертикально, по отвесу б) располагать, развешивать, устанавливать прямо над( чем-л.) в) висеть, нависать прямо над (кем-л., чем-л.) Syn: hang over
4) утяжелять, оснащать куском свинца (для большего веса, устойчивости и т. п.) Syn: weight
2.
5) опечатывать (багаж и т. п.) свинцовой печатью;
ставить свинцовую пломбу
6) а) проводить водопровод, канализацию;
подключать (дом и т. п.) к канализации, водопроводу б) работать, быть водопроводчиком ∙ plumb through a track отвес - off *, out of * невертикальный, наклонный вертикальное положение;
вертикальность - to take the * of a wall проверить вертикальность кладки (стены) лот;
грузило вертикальный, отвесный - to keep smth. * удерживать что-л. в вертикальном положении( эмоционально-усилительно) явный, абсолютный - * nonsense явная бессмыслица вертикально, перпендикулярно точно, как раз - * above smth. прямо над чем-л. - he can hit * centre он может попасть точно в центр( эмоционально-усилительно) совершенно, окончательно, совсем - * pleasant очень приятно - * crazy абсолютно ненормальный - to pay smb.'s tickets * through оплатить полностью чей-л. проезд - get * out of here! убирайся отсюда немедленно! ставить по отвесу;
устанавливать вертикально измерять глубину, бросать лот проникать (в тайну и т. п.) - to * the depths of a mystery проникнуть в тайну - to have *ed the depth of shame испытать всю глубину позора (разговорное) проводить канализацию, водопровод работать водопроводчиком опечатывать свинцовой печатью закладывать свинчатку (американизм) (разговорное) напортить;
совершить непоправимую ошибку ~ gone = как в воду канул;
I plumb forgot я начисто забыл ~ отвес;
out of plumb не вертикально plumb абсолютный, явный ~ вертикальный, отвесный ~ вскрывать;
проникать (в тайну и т. п.) ~ измерять глубину, бросать лот ~ лот, грузило ~ отвес;
out of plumb не вертикально ~ отвесно ~ работать водопроводчиком ~ амер. разг. совершенно, окончательно, совсем;
plumb crazy абсолютно ненормальный ~ ставить по отвесу, устанавливать вертикально ~ точно, как раз ~ амер. разг. совершенно, окончательно, совсем;
plumb crazy абсолютно ненормальный ~ gone = как в воду канул;
I plumb forgot я начисто забыл -
109 sell
sel
1. гл.
1) а) продавать( по какой-л. цене at, for) to sell like wildfire (или hot cakes) ≈ быть нарасхват( о товаре) I don't want to sell the house at a loss. ≈ Я не хочу продавать дом за бесценок. б) продаваться, расходиться, раскупаться ( по какой-л. цене at, for) These leather coats should sell at/for $
100. ≈ Эти кожаные пальто будут продаваться примерно по 100 долларов. condoms sell good nowadays ≈ сейчас презервативы хорошо расходятся
2) а) торговать, вести торговлю to sell wood ≈ торговать лесом Syn: trade
3. б) поставлять партиями (в магазин и т. п.)
3) предавать, продавать ( родину, дело и т. п.) to sell a match/a game ≈ продать матч/игру, проиграть за взятку to sell one's vote ≈ продать свой голос( на выборах и т. п.) to sell justice ≈ нарушать судейскую неподкупность
4) амер. рекламировать, продвигать;
популяризовать, расхваливать( какой-л. товар, кандидата на выборах и т. п.) Syn: advertise
5) разг. а) амер. внушать какую-л. мысль) ;
убеждать, уламывать б) разг. надувать, обманывать;
разыгрывать don't sell me that love shit ≈ хватит мне тут гнать про любовь she sold me again ≈ опять она меня надула ∙ sell off sell on sell oneself sell out sell short sell up sell the pass
2. сущ.;
разг. мошенничество, надувательство, обман, шарлатанство Syn: swindle, cheating( разговорное) умение торговать, показать товар лицом - hard * навязывание товара;
настойчивое рекламирование;
броская /навязчивая/ реклама - soft * тонкое /ненавязчивое/ рекламирование;
популяризация товара (путем бесед по радио и т. п.) (разговорное) разочарование, досада - what a *! какая досада!, как жаль! - we were late for the lunch which was a * досадно, что мы опоздали к завтраку (разговорное) обман, надувательство, "покупка" - it was just a * это была просто "покупка" (сленг) предательство( сленг) передача, выдача в руки властей продать - to * a horse продать лошадь - agreement to * (коммерческое) соглашение о продаже - to * for a song /for nothing/ отдать почти задаром, продать что-л. за бесценок - to * at best /at the market/ (биржевое) продать по наиболее выгодной достижимой цене или по наилучшему достижимому курсу - to * one's life dearly дорого продать свою жизнь торговать, продавать - to * on credit продавать в кредит - to * dear продавать дорого - to * forward, to * for forward /for future/ delivery продавать с будущей поставкой /на срок/ - to * insurance (страхование) заключать страхование - to * subscriptions собирать подписку (на газеты и т. п.) - to * wholesale продавать оптом - to * time (американизм) предоставлять( за плату) возможность выступить по радио или телевидению в определенное время - to * space предоставлять (за плату) страницы газеты /журнала/ (для объявлений и т. п.) - to * oneself продавать себя, продаваться (чаще о женщине) - eggs are sold by the dozen яйца продаются на дюжины - I am *ing very low /poorly/ now торговля у меня сейчас идет очень вяло /плохо/ - what are you *ing plums for today? почем у вас сегодня сливы? продаваться - to * well /easily, readily/ иметь хороший сбыт, легко продаваться;
быть ходким товаром - to * badly /hard, heavily/ плохо продаваться;
иметь плохой сбыт - the book is *ing well книга хорошо идет /не залеживается на полках/ - the book will never * эта книга никогда не будет пользоваться спросом - goods of that quality will never * товары такого качества никто не купит /никогда не продать/ - tennis balls * best in summer лето - время самого большого спроса на теннисные мячи - to * for /at/... продаваться по... цене - these belts * for one dollar эти пояса стоят доллар штука - the house is to be sold дом продается - goods made to * ходкий товар;
товар, который не залеживается - to * like hot cakes /like wildfire/ быть нарасхват - which books * best? какие книги быстрее всего расходятся? (коммерческое) поставлять товар - he *s gift shops /druggists/ он поставляет товар магазинам подарков /аптекам/ содействовать продаже - good advertising will * goods хорошая реклама помогает продавать товары - comics * newspapers комиксы обеспечивают спрос на газеты - his name on the cover *s the book люди покупают книгу, увидев его фамилию на обложке - the radio *s many goods много товаров удается продать благодаря рекламе по радио( американизм) рекламировать;
популяризировать;
пропагандировать;
расхваливать, восхвалять - to * soap on TV рекламировать мыло по телевидению - to * the free-enterprise system пропагандировать /рекламировать, расхваливать/ систему свободного предпринимательства - this was the model set up and "sold" in many a lecture and pamphlet этот пример приводился и восхвалялся во многих лекциях и брошюрах - to * oneself (разговорное) заниматься саморекламой;
проявлять себя положительно;
завоевывать авторитет (часто показной) - to * oneself and one's ideas уметь подать себя и свои мысли (разговорное) находить распространение - do you think the idea will *? вы думаете, эта мысль будет подхвачена /найдет отклик, будет воспринята положительно/? предавать (родину, дело и т. п.) - to * one's country предать родину - to * one's honour поступиться честью - to * a match проиграть матч за взятку - to * one's vote продать свой голос( на выборах и т. п.) - to * justice за взятку выносить неправосудный приговор - to * the pass выдать врагу военную тайну /пароль/;
обмануть доверие;
предать6 изменить своему делу;
совершить предательство (обыкн. on) (американизм) (разговорное) внушать (мысль) ;
уговаривать, уламывать, убеждать - he would * his soul for success он за успех душу продаст /отдаст, заложит/ - to * children on reading приохотить детей к чтению;
внушить детям любовь к чтению - campaign manager trying to * his candidate руководитель избирательной кампании, пытающийся протащить /навязать избирателям/ своего кандидата - to be sold on smth. принимать что-л. на веру;
воспринимать некритически - he was sold on the idea его в этом убедили;
он ухватился за эту мысль - I am not sold on this я от этого не в восторге;
я против этого - couldn't I * you (on) one more coffee? неужели вы не выпьете еще чашку кофе? - I don't expect to * anything to anyone я никого ни в чем не собираюсь убеждать - I am not sold on either of these programs я не убежден в правильности ни той, ни другой программы - she was still reluctant, still not completely sold она еще колебалась, еще не была вполне убеждена - she started *ing me on this idea она стала меня уламывать - to * oneself (on) the idea убедить себя в том, что...;
поверить в то, что... - he couldn't * the scheme even to his friends он не смог даже своих друзей склонить к принятию этого плана обыкн. pass (сленг) обманывать, надувать;
разыгрывать - to be sold over a bargain заключить невыгодную сделку - you have been sold вас обвели вокруг пальца /купили/ - sold again! опять попался (на обман) !, опять надули!, опять купился! > to * one's saddle( американизм) (диалектизм) впасть в нищету;
дойти до ручки > to * smb. a pup (сленг) вовлечь кого-л. в невыгодную сделку;
провести кого-л. > to * a bill of goods обмануть, надуть;
всучить, навязать ( что-л. ненужное) > to * smb. down the river( американизм) (историческое) продать на Юг (рабов) ;
продать в рабство;
(сленг) предать кого-л.;
отдать в руки врагов > to * the dummy делать обманное движение (регби) couldn't I ~ you on one more coffee? неужели вы не выпьете еще чашку кофе? forward ~ продавать на срок ~ (sold) продавать(ся) ;
the house is to sell дом продается;
to sell like wildfire (или hot cakes) быть нарасхват (о товаре) ~ out предать (кого-л.) ;
стать предателем;
sell up продавать с торгов;
I'm not sold on this я от этого отнюдь не в восторге sell амер. разг. внушать (мысль) ;
sell off распродавать со скидкой;
sell on уговорить, уломать ~ иметь спрос ~ ликвидировать контракт (в случае невзноса клиентом брокера дополнительного обеспечения) ~ разг. надувательство, обман ~ разг. обманывать, надувать;
разыгрывать ~ поставлять товар ~ предавать (дело и т. п.) ~ предоставлять за плату ~ (sold) продавать(ся) ;
the house is to sell дом продается;
to sell like wildfire (или hot cakes) быть нарасхват (о товаре) ~ продавать ~ продаваться ~ пропагандировать ~ рекламировать;
популяризовать ~ рекламировать ~ содействовать продаже ~ торговать ~ by order of court продавать по постановлению суда ~ by weight продавать на вес ~ for a fall играть на понижение ~ for consumption off premises продавать для потребления за пределами магазина ~ (sold) продавать(ся) ;
the house is to sell дом продается;
to sell like wildfire (или hot cakes) быть нарасхват (о товаре) sell амер. разг. внушать (мысль) ;
sell off распродавать со скидкой;
sell on уговорить, уломать ~ off вести распродажу ~ off распродавать sell амер. разг. внушать (мысль) ;
sell off распродавать со скидкой;
sell on уговорить, уломать ~ on close продажа в конце рабочего дня по ценам на момент открытия биржи ~ on closing продажа в конце рабочего дня по ценам на момент открытия биржи ~ on consignment продавать товар со склада комиссионера ~ on credit продавать в кредит ~ on forward terms продавать на срок ~ on forward terms продавать с будущей поставкой ~ on opening продажа в начале рабочего дня по ценам на момент открытия биржи ~ on sample продавать по образцу ~ on the instalment plan продавать в рассрочку ~ out against buyer ликвидировать контракт в случае невзноса маржи клиентом брокера ~ out against buyer продавать контракт на сторону с отнесением разницы на счет первоначального покупателя to ~ the pass обмануть доверие;
изменить своему делу, совершить предательство ~ to highest bidder продавать лицу, предложившему самую высокую цену ~ out предать (кого-л.) ;
стать предателем;
sell up продавать с торгов;
I'm not sold on this я от этого отнюдь не в восторге -
110 short
short [ʃɔ:t]1. a1) коро́ткий; кра́ткий; краткосро́чный;a short way off недалеко́
;a short time ago неда́вно
;time is short вре́мя не те́рпит
;а) кратча́йшее расстоя́ние;to take ( или to make) a short cut избра́ть кратча́йший путь
;б) (наибо́лее) рациона́льный спо́соб ( достижения цели)2) ни́зкий, невысо́кий ( о человеке)3) недоста́точный, непо́лный; име́ющий недоста́ток (of — в чём-л.); не достига́ющий (of — чего-л.);short weight недове́с
;short measure недоме́р
;in short supply дефици́тный
;short sight близору́кость
;short views недальнови́дность
;short memory коро́ткая па́мять
;short of breath запыха́вшийся; страда́ющий оды́шкой
;to keep smb. short ску́дно снабжа́ть кого́-л.
;we are short of cash у нас не хвата́ет де́нег
;to jump short недопры́гнуть
;to run short истоща́ться; иссяка́ть; не хвата́ть
;а) не хвата́ть, име́ть недоста́ток в чём-л.;б) уступа́ть в чём-л.;this book comes short of satisfactory э́та кни́га оставля́ет жела́ть мно́го лу́чшего
;в) не дости́гнуть це́ли;г) не оправда́ть ожида́ний4) кра́ткий, сжа́тый5) отры́вистый, сухо́й (об ответе, приёме); гру́бый, ре́зкий ( о речи);short word бра́нное сло́во
6) коро́ткий, плохо́й ( о памяти)7) хру́пкий, ло́мкий; рассы́пчатый (о печенье, о глине);pastry eats short пече́нье рассыпа́ется во рту
8) кре́пкий ( о напитке);something short спиртно́е
◊in the short run вско́ре
;at short notice неме́дленно
;short wind оды́шка
;to make a long story short коро́че говоря́
;to make short work of smth. бы́стро спра́виться, бы́стро разде́латься с чем-л.
;this is nothing short of a swindle э́то пря́мо надува́тельство
;а) исключа́я;б) не доезжа́я;somewhere short of London где́-то не доезжа́я Ло́ндона
2. adv ре́зко, кру́то, внеза́пно; преждевре́менно;to stop short внеза́пно останови́ться
3. n1) разг. рю́мка, глото́к спиртно́го2) разг. коро́ткое замыка́ние3) короткометра́жный фильм4) кра́ткий гла́сный или слог5) знак кра́ткости6) кра́ткость;for short для кра́ткости
;in short коро́че говоря́; вкра́тце
7) бирж. спекуля́нт, игра́ющий на пониже́ние8) pl бирж. краткосро́чные це́нные бума́ги9) pl ме́лкие о́труби10) pl отхо́ды -
111 standard
standard [ˊstændəd]1. n1) станда́рт, но́рма, образе́ц, мери́ло;standard of culture ( или of education) культу́рный у́ровень
;standard of living жи́зненный у́ровень
;standard of price эк. у́ровень цен
;standards of weight ме́ры ве́са
;to fall short of accepted standards не соотве́тствовать при́нятым но́рмам
;up to (below) standard соотве́тствует (не соотве́тствует) при́нятому станда́рту
2) зна́мя, штанда́рт;to raise the standard of revolt подня́ть зна́мя восста́ния
;to march under the standard of smb. быть после́дователем кого́-л.
3) сто́йка, подста́вка, опо́ра4) шта́мбовое расте́ние5) де́нежная систе́ма, де́нежный станда́рт;the gold standard золото́й станда́рт
6) ист. класс ( в начальной школе)2. a1) станда́ртный, типово́й; норма́льный;standard shape (size) станда́ртная фо́рма (-ный разме́р)
;standard gauge ж.-д. норма́льная колея́
2) общепри́нятый, нормати́вный; образцо́вый;the standard book on the subject образцо́вый труд по да́нному вопро́су
3) шта́мбовый ( о растениях) -
112 inclined
[ınʹklaınd] a1. наклонный; отклоняющийся ( от горизонтального или вертикального положения)2. проявляющий склонность или тенденцию (к чему-л.)prices are inclined to fall - эк. наблюдается тенденция цен к понижению
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113 pipe
2) трубопровод || подавать [перекачивать\] по трубопроводу; транспортировать по трубопроводу3) усадочная раковина (в отливке, слитке) || образовывать усадочные раковины (в отливке, слитке)5) отдулина ( дефект проката)6) (скважинная) колонна труб7) мор. клюз8) волновод12) текст. отделывать кантом•to break down drill pipes — развинчивать свечи бурильных труб на однотрубки;to line pipes up end-to-end — укладывать трубы в нитку;to roll pipes — свинчивать трубы с помощью каната или цепи;to stab drill pipe — производить наращивание бурильной колонны;to stack drill pipes in the derrick — расставлять бурильные трубы в вышке;to strap drill pipes — измерять глубину скважины по длине бурильных труб, стоящих на подсвечнике;to string pipes — укладывать трубы в нитку;to strip pipes — извлекать трубы ( из скважины) сквозь закрытый универсальный превентор;to take a strain on pipe — натягивать колонну труб;to tong the pipes — свинчивать трубы ключами;to work pipes up and down — расхаживать колонну труб;to wrinkle a pipe — нарезать соединительную резьбу на трубе-
adapting pipe
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additions pipe
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admission pipe
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air gap pipe
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air pipe
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air-supply pipe
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air-vent pipe
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angle pipe
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antisiphon pipe
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asbestos-cement pipe
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ascending pipe
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atmospheric pipe
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auxiliary reservoir pipe
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barometric discharge pipe
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barometric pipe
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bell-and-spigot pipe
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bent pipe
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bifurcated pipe
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bleeder pipe
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blind pipe
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blowing pipe
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blowoff pipe
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blowout pipe
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bottom pipe
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brake cylinder pipe
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brake pipe
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branch pipe
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branched pipe
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breather pipe
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breeches pipe
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brine pipe
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bulwark mooring pipe
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buried pipe
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bustle pipe
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butt-welded pipe
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bypass pipe
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cargo pipe
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casing pipe
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casting pipe
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cast-iron pipe
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central pipe
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centrifugal concrete pipe
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ceramic pipe
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channel pipe
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charge pipe
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charging pipe
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circular pipe
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circulation pipe
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clay pipe
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cleanout pipe
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coated steel penstock pipe
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coiled pipes
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cold-air pipe
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cold-drawn pipe
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collapsed pipe
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collecting pipe
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compound pipe
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concrete pipe
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condensate pipe
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condenser leg pipe
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conductor pipe
-
conduit pipe
-
connecting pipe
-
cooling pipe
-
cooling-water pipe
-
crossover pipe
-
deck pipe
-
defrosting pipe
-
delivery pipe
-
digital pipe
-
discharge pipe
-
distributing pipe
-
double-wall pipe
-
downtake pipe
-
drag pipe
-
drain pipe
-
drill pipe
-
drip pipe
-
drive pipe
-
dropping pipe
-
earthenware pipe
-
eduction pipe
-
ejector pipe
-
elbow pipe
-
electric-welded pipe
-
electrohydrodynamic heat pipe
-
emergency reservoir pipe
-
exhaust pipe
-
expansion pipe
-
extremeline casing pipe
-
fabricated pipe
-
fall pipe
-
feed pipe
-
feedwater pipe
-
fitting pipe
-
flanged pipe
-
flange pipe
-
flexible pipe
-
flow pipe
-
flue pipe
-
flush pipe
-
force pipe
-
free-end pipe
-
free-flow pipe
-
freeze pipe
-
frozen pipe
-
fuel injection pipe
-
fuel pipe
-
fuel supply pipe
-
galvanized pipe
-
gas pipe
-
gas service pipes
-
gas-supply pipe
-
gate pipe
-
gilled pipe
-
glass pipe
-
gravity-assisted heat pipe
-
ground dump tail pipe
-
grout pipe
-
half-socket pipe
-
header pipe
-
heat pipe
-
heating pipe
-
heavy-end pipe
-
heavy-wall pipe
-
heavy-weight drill pipe
-
helical-welded pipe
-
hold-down pipe
-
hollow pipe
-
horizontal sparge pipe
-
horseshoe pipe
-
hose pipe
-
hot-water pipe
-
induction pipe
-
inner-finned pipe
-
insulated pipe
-
intake pipe
-
integral joint drill pipe
-
internal upset drill pipe
-
intertank balance pipe
-
irrigation pipe
-
isothermal heat pipe
-
jet pipe
-
junction pipe
-
kimberlite pipe
-
land pipe
-
lap-welded pipe
-
lead pipe
-
leader pipe
-
leak-off pipe
-
lift pipe
-
light pipe
-
line pipe
-
liquid stand pipe
-
liquid-metal heat pipe
-
little pipe
-
longitudinally welded pipe
-
looping pipe
-
low-head pipe
-
main air pipe
-
main feed pipe
-
main pipe
-
manifold pipe
-
metal pipe
-
mooring pipe with horns
-
mooring pipe with rollers
-
mooring pipe
-
navel pipe
-
network pipe
-
nodule pipe
-
oil discharge pipe
-
oil filler pipe
-
oil gage pipe
-
oil pipe
-
oil pressure pipe
-
oil pump suction pipe
-
oil return pipe
-
open pipe
-
osmotic heat pipe
-
outfall pipe
-
outlet pipe
-
overflow pipe
-
overhead pipe
-
Panama pipe
-
perforated pipe
-
plain end pipe
-
plain pipe
-
plastic pipe
-
precast reinforced-concrete pipe
-
precast pipe
-
pressure pipe
-
primary pipe
-
primary system pipe
-
puff pipe
-
pulverized fuel pipe
-
purge pipe
-
quick-screwed pipes
-
radiator filler pipe
-
rainwater pipe
-
reducing pipe
-
reel pipe
-
reinforced concrete pipe
-
return pipe
-
return water pipe
-
ribbed pipe
-
riser pipe
-
rising pipe
-
runner pipe
-
sag pipe
-
scour pipe
-
scupper pipe
-
seamless pipe
-
secondary pipe
-
service pipe
-
sewage pipe
-
sewer pipe
-
shaft pipe
-
shallow-well casing pipe
-
shore discharge pipe
-
siphon pipe
-
skid pipes
-
slotted pipe
-
sluicing pipe
-
socket pipe
-
sodium beat pipe
-
soil pipe
-
sounding pipe
-
sparge pipe
-
spill pipe
-
spiraled-wall casing pipe
-
spiral-welded pipe
-
spun pipe
-
spurling pipe
-
stand pipe
-
steam pipe
-
stoneware pipe
-
storm-down pipe
-
straight-air pipe
-
suction pipe
-
sump drain pipe
-
supply pipe
-
surge pipe
-
swan-neck pipe
-
tail pipe
-
takeoff pipe
-
tank filling pipe
-
tee branch pipe
-
telescopic pipe
-
thin-wall pipe
-
through brake pipe
-
thruster pipe
-
tile pipe
-
towing pipe
-
T-pipe
-
trainline pipe
-
tremie pipe
-
turning mooring pipe
-
ultra-high-test line pipe
-
U-pipe
-
upset pipe
-
variable conductance heat pipe
-
ventilation pipe
-
vertebra pipe
-
warm-air pipe
-
warping pipe
-
wash-gas pipe
-
waste pipe
-
water heat pipe
-
water pipe
-
water-jet pipe
-
weep pipe
-
weldless pipe
-
wickless heat pipe
-
Y-pipe -
114 rate
3) частота4) расход5) норма || нормировать6) тариф || тарифицировать7) степень8) отношение; коэффициент10) оценка || оценивать11) определять; устанавливать; подсчитывать; рассчитывать (напр. мощность, несущую способность)•rates to consumers — тарифы на отпуск (напр. электроэнергии) потребителям-
absolute disintegrate rate
-
absorbed dose rate
-
acceptance rate
-
accident rate
-
adiabatic lapse rate
-
advance rate
-
aging rate
-
allowable leak rate
-
angular rate
-
annual depletion rate
-
application rate
-
area rate
-
arrival rate
-
ascensional rate
-
assessed failure rate
-
attenuation rate
-
autoconvective lapse rate
-
base wage rate
-
baud rate
-
bearer rate
-
beating rate
-
bit rate
-
bit-error rate
-
bit-transfer rate
-
block meter rate
-
block-error rate
-
boiling rate
-
boil-up rate
-
bonus rate
-
break flow rate
-
breeding rate
-
burning rate
-
calling rate
-
capture rate
-
carbonization rate
-
cargo rate
-
carrier-ionization rate
-
casting rate
-
catalyst circulation rate
-
charging rate
-
chipping rate
-
chip rate
-
chopping rate
-
circulation rate
-
class rate
-
climb rate
-
clock rate
-
closed rate
-
closure rate
-
coke rate
-
cold storage rates
-
collision rate
-
combustion rate
-
completion rate
-
concentration rate
-
containment leak rate
-
continuous rate
-
controlled rate
-
convective expansion rate
-
conversion rate
-
conveyance rate
-
cooling rate
-
core heat generation rate
-
corrosion rate
-
counting rate
-
crack growth rate
-
creep rate
-
crosshead rate
-
cure rate
-
cutter wear rate
-
daily consumptive use rate
-
data-transfer rate
-
data rate
-
decay rate
-
decompression rate
-
deflection rate
-
deionization rate
-
delivery rate
-
demand cost rate
-
demand rate
-
deposition rate
-
descent rate
-
development rate
-
deviation rate
-
differential rate
-
differentiated electricity rates
-
diffusion rate
-
directional rate
-
discharge rate
-
disposal rate
-
distance rate
-
dither rate
-
dosage rate
-
downtime rate
-
drainage rate
-
drawing rate
-
drift rate
-
drilling rate
-
droop rate
-
dry adiabatic lapse rate
-
electricity rate
-
electric rate
-
energy fluence rate
-
energy release rate
-
entropy production rate
-
entropy rate
-
erasing rate
-
erosion rate
-
error rate
-
etching rate
-
etch rate
-
evacuation rate
-
evaporating rate
-
excitation rate
-
exposure rate
-
failure rate
-
failure-per-mile rate
-
false alarm rate
-
fatal accident frequency rate
-
fatality rate
-
fault rate
-
feed rate
-
field germination rate
-
field-repetition rate
-
fieldwide rate of recovery
-
film rate
-
filtering rate
-
finishing rate
-
fire-propagation rate
-
firing rate
-
fission rate
-
flat rate
-
flexible rates
-
flicker rate
-
flooding rate
-
flotation rate
-
flour extraction rate
-
flow rate
-
flush production rate
-
flutter rate
-
forced outgage rate
-
frame rate
-
frame-repetition rate
-
freezing rate
-
freight rate
-
freight-all-kinds rates
-
frequency-sweep rate
-
frequency-tuning rate
-
fuel rate
-
functional throughput rate
-
gas leak rate
-
gathering rate
-
generation rate
-
grinding rate
-
growth rate
-
gyro drift rate
-
half-clock rate
-
hardening rate
-
heat absorption rate
-
heat dissipation rate
-
heat generation rate
-
heat rate
-
heat-flow rate
-
heating rate
-
heat-transfer rate
-
hit rate
-
image refresh rate
-
impact wear rate
-
in-commission rate
-
infiltration rate
-
information rate
-
injection rate
-
instantaneous failure rate
-
intermittent rate
-
ionization rate
-
irrigation rate
-
iso-wear rates
-
job rates
-
kerma rate
-
keying rate
-
lapse rate
-
leakage rate
-
linear wear rate
-
line-of-sight rate
-
line-repetition rate
-
liquid efflux rate
-
lubrication rate
-
maintenance rate
-
mass flow rate
-
mass wear rate
-
maximum efficiency rate
-
maximum permissible rate
-
maximum stepping rate
-
medium rate
-
melting rate
-
melt-off rate
-
metal-removal rate
-
modulation rate
-
moist-adiabatic lapse rate
-
NC programmed feed rate
-
negative flow rate
-
nucleation rate
-
Nyquist rate
-
obturation rate
-
off-peak power rate
-
operating rate
-
optimal feed rate
-
outgassing rate
-
output rate
-
overall drilling rate
-
oxidation rate
-
paging rate
-
peak power rate
-
penetration rate
-
percolation rate
-
phase generation rate
-
phase rate
-
picture-taking rate
-
pitch rate
-
plastic strain rate
-
positive flow rate
-
potential rate of evaporation
-
pouring rate
-
power rate
-
precipitation rate
-
predetermined rate
-
predicted failure rate
-
priming rate
-
printout rate
-
print rate
-
production decline rate
-
production rate
-
projection rate
-
proper feed rate
-
protection rate
-
pull rate
-
pulldown rate
-
pulse-recurrence rate
-
pulse rate
-
radiation rate
-
radioactive decay rate
-
range rate
-
rapid air cut feed rate
-
rapid return rate
-
rate of acceleration
-
rate of angular motion
-
rate of attack
-
rate of blowing
-
rate of braking
-
rate of carbon drop
-
rate of convergence
-
rate of crack propagation
-
rate of deformation
-
rate of dilution
-
rate of discharge
-
rate of dive
-
rate of energy input
-
rate of exchange
-
rate of exposure
-
rate of fall
-
rate of film movement
-
rate of gain
-
rate of hole deviation change
-
rate of lancing
-
rate of linkage
-
rate of loading
-
rate of opening
-
rate of plant depreciation
-
rate of pulse rise
-
rate of rainfall
-
rate of rise
-
rate of roll
-
rate of sedimentation
-
rate of shear
-
rate of slope
-
rate of stirring
-
rate of surface runoff
-
rate or carbon oxidation
-
reactivity insertion rate
-
reading rate
-
read rate
-
recovery rate
-
recycle rate
-
reflood rate
-
refresh rate
-
refrigeration rate
-
repetition rate
-
reset rate
-
residential rate
-
respiration rate
-
retail charter rate
-
retail rate
-
retention rate
-
rigidity rate
-
rolling rate
-
runout rate
-
sample rate
-
saturated-adiabatic lapse rate
-
saturation rate
-
scrap generation rate
-
scrap rate
-
secondary creep rate
-
sectorial rate
-
self-discharge rate
-
setting rate
-
settled production rate
-
settling rate
-
signaling rate
-
silicon pulling rate
-
slew rate
-
snowmelt inflow rate
-
solidification rate
-
sparking rate
-
specific commodity rate
-
specific heat flow rate
-
specific rate of flow
-
specific rate of sediment transport
-
specific wear rate
-
spreading rate of jet
-
spring rate
-
squeeze rate
-
standard rate
-
starting rate
-
steam rate
-
stepping rate
-
stock removal rate
-
strain rate
-
stress rate
-
sub-Nyquist rate
-
success rate
-
superadiabatic lapse rate
-
supply rate
-
survival rate
-
sweep rate
-
taking rate
-
tariff rate
-
temperature lapse rate
-
testing rate
-
thermal transfer rate
-
through rate
-
throughput rate
-
time rate of change
-
time rate
-
time-of-day electricity rate
-
time-of-day rate
-
tool-wear rate
-
total mass rate
-
tracking rate
-
traffic flow rate
-
transfer rate
-
transmission rate
-
transport rate
-
turn rate
-
turnover rate
-
twenty-five ampere rate
-
undetected error rate
-
uniform quench rate
-
unit rate
-
unloading rate
-
update rate
-
vaporizing rate
-
vitrification rate
-
voidage rate
-
voltage recovery rate
-
volume erosion rate
-
volume wear rate
-
volumetric flow rate
-
volumetric rate
-
vulcanization rate
-
water application rate
-
water consumption rate
-
water use rate
-
wear rate
-
weft insertion rate
-
weight rate
-
wheel removal rate
-
wholesale charter rate
-
wholesale rate
-
withdrawal rate
-
write writing rate
-
write rate
-
yawing rate
-
yaw rate
-
zero-crossing rate -
115 EFW
1) Военный термин: effective fallout wind2) Техника: emergency feed water3) Сокращение: Effective Fall-out Wind4) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: торцовый шов стыкового соединения с отбортовкой двух кромок5) Медицинская техника: Estimated Fetal Weight -
116 EfW
1) Военный термин: effective fallout wind2) Техника: emergency feed water3) Сокращение: Effective Fall-out Wind4) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: торцовый шов стыкового соединения с отбортовкой двух кромок5) Медицинская техника: Estimated Fetal Weight -
117 idea
1) (opinion; belief: I have an idea that it won't work.) creencia, impresión2) (a plan: I've an idea for solving this problem.) idea3) (mental picture: This will give you an idea of what I mean.) ideaidea n idea
Del verbo idear: ( conjugate idear) \ \
idea es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativoMultiple Entries: idea idear
idea sustantivo femenino idea;◊ la idea de libertad the idea o concept of freedom;es de ideas fijas he has very set ideas about things; no tiene idea de cómo funciona he has no idea how it works; no tengo idea I don't have a clue; hacerse una idea de la situación to get an idea of the situation; se me ocurre una idea I've got an idea; cambió de idea she changed her mind; hacerse (a) la idea de algo to get used to the idea of sth
idea sustantivo femenino
1 idea
idea fija, fixed idea
2 (representación, concepto) idea: la simple idea de volver a verle me pone nervioso, the very thought of seeing him again makes me all jittery (noción) idea: para que te hagas una idea..., so that you can get an idea...
tiene muy poca idea de lo que cuesta, she has very little idea of what it costs
3 (opinión, juicio) idea, opinion: te lo advierto, ésta no es la idea que yo tengo de la diversión, mind you, that's not my idea of fun
tiene ideas peligrosas sobre el poder, he has dangerous ideas about power
cambiar de idea, to change one's mind
4 (intención) intention
a mala idea, on purpose
5 (proyecto, plan, ocurrencia) idea: teme que le roben la idea, she's afraid someone might steal her idea
vino con la idea de ir a la playa, she came with the idea of going to the beach exclamación ¡vaya una idea!, the very idea! Locuciones: hacerse a la idea de, to get used to the idea of familiar no tener ni idea, to have no idea o not to have a clue: no tenía ni idea de que hubieras regresado, I had no idea that you were back (ser ignorante) no tengo ni (la más remota/puñetera) idea de fútbol, I haven't got a clue about football
ideas de bombero, absurd ideas
idear verbo transitivo
1 (un invento, diseño) to devise, invent
2 (una teoría, un plan) to think up, conceive ' idea' also found in these entries: Spanish: abandono - acariciar - acierto - acoger - acogida - advertir - aferrarse - añadidura - anticipo - borrosa - borroso - bosquejar - bosquejo - buena - bueno - cabeza - cambiar - chifladura - concepto - confusa - confuso - convencer - cosa - decir - definida - definido - desechar - desterrar - dónde - exclusión - flor - formarse - fríamente - gestarse - gustar - hacerse - hoy - impracticable - inicialmente - intención - irse - leve - luminosa - luminoso - madurar - menor - mentalizarse - neta - neto - noción English: abandon - adjust - advance - afterthought - amusement - appealing - assumption - barmy - better - brainstorm - brainwave - brilliant - bring forward - bristle - catch - catch on - change - cling - clue - come up with - conception - confused - convey - crazy - daft - daring - dated - defunct - dismiss - distinct - downside - drift - embody - embrace - face - faint - fall in with - fanciful - fasten on to - flirt - fluid - foggy - fundamental - get across - get through - hit on - hit upon - idea - idiotic - illusiontr[aɪ'dɪə]■ that's a good idea! ¡es una buena idea!■ I've got an idea! ¡tengo una idea!, ¡se me ocurre una idea!■ whose idea was this anyway? ¿de quién era la idea?, ¿a quién se le ocurrió esto?■ whatever gave you that idea? ¿cómo se te ha ocurrido (pensar) eso?, ¿de dónde has sacado esta idea?■ do you know where he is? --no, but I've got a very good idea! ¿sabes dónde está? --no, pero tengo una ligera sospecha■ well, you might as well get used to the idea bueno, ya puedes irte haciendo a la idea■ I've an idea you threw it away creo que lo tiraste, tengo la impresión de que lo tiraste3 (concept) concepto■ what's your idea of happiness? ¿cuál es tu concepto de la felicidad?1 (aim, purpose) idea, intención nombre femenino, objetivo■ the idea of the game is to get the ball in the goal el objetivo del juego es meter la pelota en la portería\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLthe (very) idea of it! ¡vaya ocurrencia!, ¡qué ocurrencia!, ¡a quién se le ocurre!, ¡ni hablar!to get ideas hacerse ilusionesto give somebody ideas dar ilusiones a alguiento have no idea no tener idea, no tener ni idea■ I've no idea! ¡ni idea!not to have the first idea about something no tener ni la más mínima idea de algoto hit on the idea of something ocurrírsele la idea a alguiento put ideas into somebody's head meter ideas en la cabeza a alguienthat's the idea! ¡eso es!, ¡así se hace!what's the big idea? ¿qué pasa aquí?, ¿qué es esto?, ¿qué te has creído?idea [aɪ'di:ə] n: idea fn.• concepto s.m.• idea s.f.• magín s.m.• noción s.f.'aɪ'diːə, aɪ'diə1)a) (plan, suggestion) idea fb) (purpose, principle) idea fthe whole idea of the operation was to attract publicity — habían hecho la operación con la idea de atraer publicidad
you get the idea don't you? — entiendes ¿no?
2) (notion, impression) idea fmy idea of Ireland — la idea que yo tengo or me hago de Irlanda
can you give me some idea of what happened? — ¿me puedes dar una idea de lo que pasó?
where is he? - (I've) no idea! — ¿dónde está? - (no tengo) ni idea
whatever gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste esa idea?
to put ideas in o into somebody's head, to give somebody ideas — meterle ideas en la cabeza a alguien
3) ( view) idea f, opinión f[aɪ'dɪǝ]N1) (=thought, plan) idea fthe idea is to sell it — la idea or el plan es venderlo
•
it wouldn't be a bad idea to paint it — no le vendría mal pintarloit might not be a bad idea to wait a few days — puede que no sea mala idea esperar unos cuantos días
•
whose bright idea was it to come this way? — iro ¿quién ha tenido la bonita or feliz idea de venir por aquí? *•
you'll have to buck up your ideas — tendrás que menearte•
the idea never entered my head — ni se me pasó esa idea por la cabeza•
to get an idea for a novel — encontrar una idea para una noveladon't go getting ideas — (=build up one's hopes) no te hagas ilusiones; (=be presumptuous) no se te ocurra
he got the idea into his head that they didn't like him — se le metió en la cabeza (la idea de) que no les caía bien
once she gets an idea into her head there's no stopping her — como se le meta una idea en la cabeza no hay quien se la quite
•
to get used to the idea of sth — hacerse a la idea de algo•
to give sb ideas — meter ideas en la cabeza a algnwhatever gave you that idea? — ¿como se te ha ocurrido semejante cosa?
•
good idea! — ¡buena idea!what a good idea! — ¡qué idea más buena!
•
to have an idea — tener una ideaI suddenly had the idea of going to see her — de repente se me ocurrió ir a verla, de repente tuve la idea de ir a verla
•
he hit on the idea of painting it red — se le ocurrió pintarlo de rojo•
to put ideas into sb's head — meter ideas en la cabeza a algn2) (=understanding) idea f•
have you any idea how ridiculous you look? — ¿tienes idea de lo ridículo que estás?•
I haven't the foggiest idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea•
what(ever) gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste eso?•
to get an idea of sth — hacerse una idea de algo•
you're getting the idea — (=understanding) estás empezando a comprender; (=getting the knack) estás cogiendo el tino or trucowhere did you get that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste eso?
•
I haven't the least idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea•
I've no idea! — ¡ni idea!it was awful, you've no idea — no te puedes hacer una idea de lo horrible que fue
I had no idea that... — no tenía ni idea or la menor idea de que...
•
I haven't the slightest idea — no tengo ni la menor or más remota or más mínima idea•
he has some idea of French — tiene algo de idea de francés3) (=conception, notion) idea fthere may be some truth in the idea that... — puede que haya algo de cierto en la idea de que...
she has some odd ideas about how to bring up children — tiene unas ideas muy raras or una opinión muy rara de cómo criar a los niños
•
it wasn't my idea of a holiday — no era la idea que yo tengo de unas vacaciones•
if that's your idea of fun — si eso es lo que tú entiendes por diversión4) (=vague idea) impresión f•
to have an idea that... — tener la impresión de que...5) (=purpose) intención f, idea fthe whole idea of this trip was to relax — la única intención or idea del viaje era relajarse
we went with the idea of meeting new people — fuimos con la intención or idea de conocer a gente nueva
•
what's the big idea? * — ¿a qué viene eso? *6) (=estimate) idea f•
can you give me a rough idea of how many you want? — ¿puede darme una idea aproximada de cuántos quiere?* * *['aɪ'diːə, aɪ'diə]1)a) (plan, suggestion) idea fb) (purpose, principle) idea fthe whole idea of the operation was to attract publicity — habían hecho la operación con la idea de atraer publicidad
you get the idea don't you? — entiendes ¿no?
2) (notion, impression) idea fmy idea of Ireland — la idea que yo tengo or me hago de Irlanda
can you give me some idea of what happened? — ¿me puedes dar una idea de lo que pasó?
where is he? - (I've) no idea! — ¿dónde está? - (no tengo) ni idea
whatever gave you that idea? — ¿de dónde sacaste esa idea?
to put ideas in o into somebody's head, to give somebody ideas — meterle ideas en la cabeza a alguien
3) ( view) idea f, opinión f -
118 plummet
1. past tense, past participle - plummetted; verb((of a heavy weight) to fall or drop swiftly: The rock plummeted to the bottom of the cliff.) caer en picado
2. noun(An indicator hung down to see if something is vertical.)tr['plʌmɪt]1 (bird, plane) caer en picado2 figurative use (prices) caer en picado, desplomarse, bajar vertiginosamente; (morale) caer a plomoplummet ['plʌmət] vi: caer en picada, desplomarsev.• caer a plomo v.'plʌmət, 'plʌmɪtintransitive verb \<\<bird/aircraft\>\> caer* en picada or (Esp) en picado; \<\<prices/income\>\> caer* en picada or (Esp) en picado, desplomarse, irse* a pique['plʌmɪt]1.N plomada f2.VI [bird, plane etc] caer en picado or (LAm) en picada; [temperature, price, sales] bajar de golpe; [spirits, morale] caer a plomo* * *['plʌmət, 'plʌmɪt]intransitive verb \<\<bird/aircraft\>\> caer* en picada or (Esp) en picado; \<\<prices/income\>\> caer* en picada or (Esp) en picado, desplomarse, irse* a pique -
119 throw
Ɵrəu
1. past tense - threw; verb1) (to send through the air with force; to hurl or fling: He threw the ball to her / threw her the ball.) lanzar, tirar2) ((of a horse) to make its rider fall off: My horse threw me.) desarzonar, desmontar, derribar3) (to puzzle or confuse: He was completely thrown by her question.) confundir, desconcertar4) ((in wrestling, judo etc) to wrestle (one's opponent) to the ground.) derribar
2. noun(an act of throwing: That was a good throw!) lanzamiento- throw doubt on
- throw in
- throw light on
- throw oneself into
- throw off
- throw open
- throw out
- throw a party
- throw up
- throw one's voice
- throwaway
throw1 n tiro / lanzamientothrow2 vb tirar / lanzartr[ɵrəʊ]1 lanzamiento, tiro1 (gen) tirar, arrojar, lanzar2 (to the floor - rider) descorcovar, desmontar; (- wrestler) derribar7 (light, shadow) proyectar■ can you throw any light on this? ¿puedes tú aclarar esto?8 (shape pottery) formar, hacer9 (extend bridge) tender, construir\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLto be a stone's throw away estar a tiro de piedrato throw down the gauntlet lanzar un desafío, arrojar el guanteto throw in one's hand abandonar la partidato throw in one's lot with compartir la suerte conto throw in the sponge arrojar la toallato throw into confusion sumir en la confusiónto throw one's weight about mangonearto throw oneself at somebody tirarse sobre alguiento throw oneself into something lanzarse a algoto throw something back at somebody/in somebody's face echarle algo en cara a alguien1) toss: tirar, lanzar, echar, arrojar, aventar Col, Mexto throw a ball: tirar una pelota2) unseat: desmontar (a un jinete)3) cast: proyectarit threw a long shadow: proyectó una sombra larga4)to throw a party : dar una fiesta5)to throw into confusion : desconcertar6)to throw out discard: botar, tirar (en la basura)throw ntoss: tiro m, tirada f, lanzamiento m, lance m (de dados)n.• bolada s.f.• echada s.f.• jugada s.f.• lance s.m.• lanzamiento s.m.• tirada s.f.• tiro s.m.v.(§ p.,p.p.: threw, thrown) = abatir v.• arrojar v.• bolear* v.• despedir v.• disparar v.• echar v.• lanzar v.• largar v.• precipitar v.• proyectar v.• tirar v.
I
1. [θrəu] (past threw; past p thrown) transitive verb1)a) <ball/stone> tirar, aventar* (Col, Méx, Per); <grenade/javelin> lanzar*to throw something AT something/somebody — tirarle algo A algo/algn
to throw something TO somebody, to throw somebody something — tirarle or (Col, Méx, Per) aventarle* algo A algn
b) < dice> echar, tirarto throw a six — sacar* un seis
2) (send, propel) (+ adv compl):he threw himself at his opponent — se le echó encima a su adversario, se abalanzó sobre su adversario
- to throw somebody to the wolvesto throw somebody into jail — meter a algn preso or en la cárcel
3)a) (direct, aim):b) ( project):4) (put, cast):she threw a blanket over him — le puso or le echó una manta encima
to throw suspicion on(to) somebody — hacer* recaer las sospechas sobre algn
6) ( disconcert) desconcertar*7) (have, hold) < party> hacer*, dar*he threw a fit/tantrum — le dio un ataque/una pataleta
8) ( operate) <switch/lever> darle* a9) < pot> tornear, modelar en un torno
2. via) (project - ball, stone) tirarPhrasal Verbs:- throw about
- throw aside
- throw away
- throw down
- throw in
- throw off
- throw on
- throw up
II noun1)a) ( of ball) tiro m; (of javelin, discus) lanzamiento mb) ( of dice) tirada f, lance m2) (AmE)a) ( bedspread) cubrecama mb) ( shawl) chal m, echarpe m3) (sl)[θrǝʊ] (vb: pt threw) (pp thrown)they cost o are $17 a throw — cuestan 17 dólares cada uno
1. VT1) (=toss) [+ ball, stone] tirar, echar; (violently) tirar, arrojar, lanzar; [+ dice] echar, tirar; [+ javelin, discus, grenade] lanzarthe crowd began throwing stones — la multitud empezó a tirar or arrojar or lanzar piedras
to throw sb sth, throw sth to sb — tirar or echar algo a algn
he threw Brian a rope — le tiró or echó una cuerda a Brian
•
to throw sth at sb — tirar or arrojar algo a algnon one occasion he threw a radio at this mother — en una ocasión le tiró or arrojó una radio a su madre
they think they can solve problems by throwing money at them — (fig) piensan que metiendo dinero pueden solucionar cualquier problema
•
she threw the letters in the bin — tiró or echó las cartas a la basura•
he threw a glass of water over her head — le echó or vació un vaso de agua en la cabeza- throw one's hat or cap into the ringbook 1., 1), caution, cold 1., 1), glass, spanner2) (=hurl to the ground) [+ person] (in fight, wrestling) derribar; [horse] desmontar3) (=send, hurl)the blast threw her across the room — la explosión la lanzó or arrojó al otro lado de la sala
•
to throw o.s. at sb — (lit) abalanzarse sobre algn, echarse encima de algn; (fig) (=flirt) insinuarse descaradamente a algn, tirar los tejos a algn *to throw o.s. at sb's feet — echarse a los pies de algn
•
he was thrown clear of the car — salió despedido del coche•
she threw herself into the river — se tiró al rióthe kidnap threw the family into panic — el secuestro infundió pánico or hizo que cundiera el pánico en la familia
to throw sb into jail or prison — meter a algn en la cárcel
•
she threw herself onto the bed — se tiró en la cama•
she was thrown out of her seat — salió despedida de su asientothe recession has thrown millions out of work — la recesión ha dejado a millones de personas sin trabajo
scent, track 1., 1)•
he threw me to the ground — me arrojó al suelo4) (=direct) [+ light, shadow] proyectar; [+ look, smile] lanzar•
this new information throws doubt on their choice — esta nueva información pone en duda su elección•
this question has been thrown at me many times — me han hecho esta pregunta or me han preguntado esto muchas veces•
he was throwing random suggestions at her — le estaba sugiriendo cosas al azarlight I, 1., 1), punch I, 1., 2)•
she didn't attempt to throw any suspicion on you — no intentó hacer que las sospechas recayeran sobre ti5) (=disconcert) desconcertarhe was thrown by her question — su pregunta lo desconcertó or lo dejó desconcertado
6) (=put)•
she threw her arms around his neck — le echó los brazos al cuello, le abrazó por el cuello•
to throw a coat round one's shoulders — echarse un abrigo por los hombros•
a police cordon was thrown around the area — la policía acordonó la zona, se cercó la zona con un cordón policial•
to throw open — [+ doors, windows] abrir de par en par; [+ house, gardens] abrir al público; [+ competition, race] abrir a todos7) (=have)•
she threw a fit (of hysterics) — le dio un ataque (de histeria)8) (=move) [+ lever, switch] dar a9) (Pottery)to throw a pot — tornear un tiesto, hacer un tiesto con el torno
10) * (=lose on purpose) [+ contest, game] perder a posta11) (Zool) (=give birth to) parir2. N1) (lit) [of ball, stone] tiro m; [of javelin, discus] lanzamiento m; [of dice] tirada f; (in judo, wrestling) derribo mstone2) * (=each one)"how much are they?" - "50 quid a throw" — -¿cuánto cuestan? -50 libras cada uno
- throw in- throw on- throw up* * *
I
1. [θrəu] (past threw; past p thrown) transitive verb1)a) <ball/stone> tirar, aventar* (Col, Méx, Per); <grenade/javelin> lanzar*to throw something AT something/somebody — tirarle algo A algo/algn
to throw something TO somebody, to throw somebody something — tirarle or (Col, Méx, Per) aventarle* algo A algn
b) < dice> echar, tirarto throw a six — sacar* un seis
2) (send, propel) (+ adv compl):he threw himself at his opponent — se le echó encima a su adversario, se abalanzó sobre su adversario
- to throw somebody to the wolvesto throw somebody into jail — meter a algn preso or en la cárcel
3)a) (direct, aim):b) ( project):4) (put, cast):she threw a blanket over him — le puso or le echó una manta encima
to throw suspicion on(to) somebody — hacer* recaer las sospechas sobre algn
6) ( disconcert) desconcertar*7) (have, hold) < party> hacer*, dar*he threw a fit/tantrum — le dio un ataque/una pataleta
8) ( operate) <switch/lever> darle* a9) < pot> tornear, modelar en un torno
2. via) (project - ball, stone) tirarPhrasal Verbs:- throw about
- throw aside
- throw away
- throw down
- throw in
- throw off
- throw on
- throw up
II noun1)a) ( of ball) tiro m; (of javelin, discus) lanzamiento mb) ( of dice) tirada f, lance m2) (AmE)a) ( bedspread) cubrecama mb) ( shawl) chal m, echarpe m3) (sl)they cost o are $17 a throw — cuestan 17 dólares cada uno
-
120 average
1. noun1) Durchschnitt, derabove/below average — über/unter dem Durchschnitt
law of averages — Wahrscheinlichkeitsgesetz, das
2) (arithmetic mean) Mittelwert, der2. adjectivehe is of average height — er ist mittelgroß
2) (mediocre) durchschnittlich; mittelmäßig3. transitive verb1) (find the average of) den Durchschnitt ermitteln von2) (amount on average to) durchschnittlich betragenthe planks averaged three metres in length — die Bretter waren durchschnittlich drei Meter lang
3) (do on average) einen Durchschnitt von... erreichen4. intransitive verbthe train averaged 90 m.p.h. — der Zug fuhr im Durchschnitt mit 144 Kilometern pro Stunde
* * *['ævəri‹] 1. noun(the result of adding several amounts together and dividing the total by the number of amounts: The average of 3, 7, 9 and 13 is 8 (= 32:4).) der Durchschnitt2. adjective1) (obtained by finding the average of amounts etc: average price; the average temperature for the week.) durchschnittlich2) (ordinary; not exceptional: The average person is not wealthy; His work is average.) Durchschnitts-...3. verb* * *<- rr->[əˈvɜ:ʳ, AM -ˈvɜ:r]vt▪ to \average sth[ˈævərɪʤ]I. nto have risen by an \average of 4% durchschnittlich um 4 % gestiegen seinon \average im Durchschnittto be about the \average dem Durchschnitt entsprechen[to be] [well] above/below \average [weit] über/unter dem Durchschnitt [liegen]law of \averages Gesetz nt der Durchschnittsbildungsb on an \average income jd mit einem Durchschnittseinkommen\average rainfall durchschnittliche Niederschlagsmenge2. (typical) durchschnittlich, Durchschnitts-of \average ability mit durchschnittlichen Fähigkeitenthe \average man der Durchschnittsbürger\average person Otto Normalverbraucherabove/below \average über-/unterdurchschnittlichIII. vt1. (have in general)▪ to \average sth im Durchschnitt [o durchschnittlich] etw betragento \average 70 hours a week durchschnittlich 70 Stunden pro Woche arbeitento \average £12,000 per year durchschnittlich 12.000 Pfund im Jahr verdienen* * *['vərɪdZ]1. n(Durch)schnitt m; (MATH ALSO) Mittelwert mto do an average of 50 miles a day/3% a week — durchschnittlich or im (Durch)schnitt 50 Meilen pro Tag fahren/3% pro Woche erledigen
what's your average over the last six months? — was haben Sie im letzten halben Jahr durchschnittlich geleistet/verdient etc?
on average — durchschnittlich, im (Durch)schnitt
if you take the average (Math) — wenn Sie den (Durch)schnitt or Mittelwert nehmen; (general) wenn Sie den durchschnittlichen Fall nehmen
above average — überdurchschnittlich, über dem Durchschnitt
below average — unterdurchschnittlich, unter dem Durchschnitt
2. adjdurchschnittlich; (= ordinary) Durchschnitts-; (= not good or bad) mittelmäßigabove/below average — über-/unterdurchschnittlich
the average man, Mr Average — der Durchschnittsbürger
3. vt1) (= find the average of) den Durchschnitt ermitteln von2) (= do etc on average) auf einen Schnitt von... kommenwe averaged 80 km/h — wir kamen auf einen Schnitt von 80 km/h, wir sind durchschnittlich 80 km/h gefahren
the factory averages 500 cars a week — die Fabrik produziert durchschnittlich or im (Durch)schnitt 500 Autos pro Woche
3)(= average out at)
sales are averaging 10,000 copies per day — der Absatz beläuft sich auf or beträgt durchschnittlich or im (Durch)schnitt 10.000 Exemplare pro Tag* * *average [ˈævərıdʒ; ˈævrıdʒ]A s1. Durchschnitt m, besonders MATH Mittelwert m:he smokes an average of 20 cigarettes a day er raucht durchschnittlich 20 Zigaretten am Tag;be above average über dem Durchschnitt liegen, überdurchschnittlich sein;it is above average in weight es ist überdurchschnittlich schwer;be below average unter dem Durchschnitt liegen, unterdurchschnittlich sein; → academic.ru/42004/law">law1 11 a2. JUR, SCHIFF Havarie f, Seeschaden m:free from average frei von Havarie, nicht gegen Havarie versichert;ship under average havariertes Schiff;make average havarieren;average adjuster Dispacheur m;average bond Havarieschein m;average statement Dispache f, (Aufmachung f der) Schadensberechnung f; → general average, particular average, petty averagethe average Englishman der Durchschnittsengländer;higher than average überdurchschnittlich;be only average nur Durchschnitt sein;averagely intelligent durchschnittlich intelligentC v/taverage sixty miles an hour eine Durchschnittsgeschwindigkeit von 60 Meilen pro Stunde fahren oder erreichen;average more than im Durchschnitt über (dat) liegenaverage out at → C 3av. abk2. average* * *1. noun1) Durchschnitt, deron [the or an] average — im Durchschnitt; durchschnittlich; im Schnitt (ugs.)
above/below average — über/unter dem Durchschnitt
law of averages — Wahrscheinlichkeitsgesetz, das
2) (arithmetic mean) Mittelwert, der2. adjective2) (mediocre) durchschnittlich; mittelmäßig3. transitive verb1) (find the average of) den Durchschnitt ermitteln von2) (amount on average to) durchschnittlich betragen3) (do on average) einen Durchschnitt von... erreichen4. intransitive verbthe train averaged 90 m.p.h. — der Zug fuhr im Durchschnitt mit 144 Kilometern pro Stunde
* * *adj.Durchschnitts- präfixdurchschnittlich adj. n.Durchschnitt m. (over) v.Mittelwert bilden (aus) ausdr.
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