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1 public
public ['pʌblɪk](a) (of, by the state → education, debt) public;∎ built at public expense construit aux frais du contribuable;∎ to hold public office avoir des fonctions officielles(b) (open or accessible to all → place, meeting) public;∎ was it a public trial? le public pouvait-il assister au procès?;∎ let's talk somewhere less public allons discuter dans un endroit plus tranquille;∎ these gardens are public property! ces jardins appartiennent à tout le monde!(c) (of, by the people) public;∎ the public interest or good le bien ou l'intérêt m public;∎ in the public interest dans l'intérêt du public;∎ public interest in the matter was flagging le public manifestait de moins en moins d'intérêt pour cette affaire;∎ to make a public protest protester publiquement;∎ the increase in crime is generating great public concern la montée de la criminalité inquiète sérieusement la population;∎ to restore public confidence regagner la confiance de la population;∎ a public outcry un tollé général;∎ it created a public scandal ça a provoqué un scandale retentissant;∎ public awareness of the problem has increased le public est plus sensible au problème maintenant;∎ the bill has public support l'opinion publique est favorable au projet de loi(d) (publicly known, open) public;∎ to make sth public rendre qch public;∎ to make a public appearance paraître en public;∎ to go into public life se lancer dans les affaires publiques;∎ she's active in public life elle prend une part active aux affaires publiques;∎ the contrast between his public and his private life le contraste entre sa vie publique et sa vie privée;∎ his first public statement sa première déclaration publique;∎ he made a public denial of the rumours il a démenti publiquement les rumeurs, il a apporté un démenti public aux rumeurs;∎ it's public knowledge that… il est de notoriété publique que…2 adverb∎ the company is going public la société va être cotée en Bourse;∎ to go public with the story raconter toute l'histoire3 nounpublic m;∎ the (general) public le (grand) public;∎ in public en public, publiquement;∎ the public is or are tired of political scandals la population est lasse des scandales politiques;∎ Finance to issue shares to the public placer des actions dans le public;∎ her books reach a wide public ses livres touchent un public très large;∎ the movie-going public les amateurs de ou les gens qui vont au cinéma;∎ the viewing public les téléspectateurs;∎ your public awaits or await you votre public vous attenden public►► American Television public access channel = chaîne du réseau câblé sur laquelle des particuliers peuvent diffuser leurs propres émissions;American Television public access television = chaînes télévisées câblées non commerciales;public affairs affaires fpl publiques;American public assistance aide f sociale;public authorities pouvoirs mpl publics;British public bar salle f de bar (dans un "pub" qui contient deux bars séparés, l'expression désigne le plus populaire des deux);public baths bains mpl publics;public body corporation f de droit public;British public call box cabine f (téléphonique) publique;public company ≃ société f anonyme;British public convenience toilettes fpl publiques;British & French Canadian public corporation entreprise f publique;Finance public debt dette f publique ou de l'État;Finance public deposits = avoirs des différents services du gouvernement britannique à la Banque d'Angleterre;public domain domaine m public;∎ to be in the public domain (publication) être dans le domaine public;Computing public domain software logiciel m (du domaine) public, French Canadian publiciel m;public enemy ennemi m public;∎ public enemy number one ennemi m public numéro un;public examination examen m national de l'enseignement public;public expenditure dépenses fpl publiques;public figure personnalité f très en vue;public finance finances fpl publiques;British public footpath sentier m public;public funds fonds mpl publics;public gallery tribune f réservée au public;public health santé f publique;the public health authorities = administration régionale des services publics de santé;public health clinic centre m d'hygiène publique;public health hazard risque m pour la santé publique;old-fashioned public health inspector inspecteur(trice) m,f sanitaire;public health official représentant(e) m,f de la santé publique;public holiday jour m férié, fête f légale;American public housing logements mpl sociaux, ≃ HLM f inv;American Public Housing Administration = services du logement social aux États-Unis;American public housing project ≃ cité f HLM;Law public indecency outrage m public à la pudeur;∎ to be arrested for public indecency se faire arrêter pour outrage public à la pudeur;public inquiry enquête f officielle;∎ to hold a public inquiry faire une enquête officielle;British public lavatory toilettes fpl publiques;public law droit m public;public lending right = droits que touche un auteur ou un éditeur pour le prêt de ses livres en bibliothèque;public liability responsabilité f civile;public liability insurance assurance f responsabilité civile;public library bibliothèque f municipale;public limited company ≃ société f anonyme;public loan emprunt m public;public money deniers mpl ou fonds mpl publics;public monies deniers mpl de l'État;public nuisance (person) fléau m public, empoisonneur(euse) m,f;∎ the pub's late opening hours were creating a public nuisance (act) les heures d'ouverture tardives du pub portaient atteinte à la tranquillité générale;Stock Exchange public offering offre f publique;public official fonctionnaire mf;public opinion opinion f publique;public opinion poll sondage m (d'opinion);public ownership nationalisation f, étatisation f;∎ most airports are under public ownership la plupart des aéroports appartiennent à l'État;public park jardin m public;Law public prosecutor ≃ procureur m général, ≃ ministère m public;British the public purse le Trésor (public);British Public Record Office ≃ Archives fpl nationales;public relations relations fpl publiques;∎ giving them a free meal was great public relations en leur offrant le repas, nous avons fait un excellent travail de relations publiques;public relations agency, public relations consultancy agence f conseil en communication;public relations consultant conseil m en relations publiques, conseil m en communication;public relations exercise opération f de relations publiques;∎ it was a good public relations exercise ce fut une réussite pour ce qui est des relations publiques;public relations manager directeur(trice) m,f des relations publiques;public relations officer responsable mf des relations publiques;British public schoolboy = élève d'une "public school";British public schoolgirl = élève d'une "public school";public sector secteur m publique;British Finance public sector borrowing requirement = besoins d'emprunt du secteur public non couverts par les rentrées fiscales;Finance public sector deficit déficit m du secteur public;Finance public sector earnings revenus mpl du secteur public;public servant fonctionnaire mf;public service (amenity) service m public ou d'intérêt général; British (civil service) fonction f publique;∎ she's in public service elle est fonctionnaire;∎ Administration our organization performs a public service notre association assure un service d'intérêt général;Stock Exchange public share offer offre f publique de vente;public speaker orateur(trice) m,f;∎ he's a very good public speaker c'est un excellent orateur;public speaking art m oratoire;∎ humorous unaccustomed as I am to public speaking bien que je n'aie pas l'habitude de prendre la parole en public;School public speaking contest concours m d'éloquence;Finance public spending (UNCOUNT) dépenses fpl publiques ou de l'État;public spirit sens m civique, civisme m;American public television (télévision f du) service m public;public transport (UNCOUNT) transports mpl en commun;public transport users usagers mpl des transports en commun;public utility American (company) = société privée assurant un service public et réglementée par une commission d'État; British (amenity) service m public;British public utility company société f d'utilité publique;public works travaux mpl publicsⓘ PUBLIC ACCESS TELEVISION Aux États-Unis, on appelle "public access television" les chaînes télévisées câblées non commerciales mises à la disposition d'organisations à but non lucratif et des citoyens. En 1984, le Congrès adopta le "Cable Communications Policy Act" afin de faire face au problème de la monopolisation des chaînes par un nombre réduit de cablo-opérateurs. Cette loi exige des propriétaires de chaînes câblées qu'ils mettent une chaîne à la disposition des communautés locales ainsi qu'un studio et du matériel d'enregistrement, et qu'ils fournissent également une assistance technique si nécessaire.ⓘ PUBLIC SCHOOL En Angleterre et au pays de Galles, le terme "public school" désigne une école privée de type traditionnel. Certaines de ces écoles (Eton et Harrow, par exemple) sont très prestigieuses et élitistes. Les "public schools" sont censées former l'élite de la nation. Aux États-Unis et parfois en Écosse, le terme désigne une école publique. -
2 public
public [ˈpʌblɪk]1. adjective• to go public [company] s'introduire en Bourse• "this is a public announcement: would passengers..." « votre attention s'il vous plaît: les passagers sont priés de... »• let's go over there, it's too public here allons là-bas, il y a trop de monde ici2. nounpublic m3. compounds• to be or cause a public nuisance porter atteinte à la tranquillité publique ► public opinion noun opinion f publique• to treat sb as public property ne pas respecter la vie privée de qn ► Public Prosecutor noun ≈ procureur m (de la République)• it's just a public relations exercise il etc a fait ça uniquement dans le but de se faire bien voir ► public school noun (British = private school) école f secondaire privée ; (US = state school) école f secondaire publique• to be public-spirited faire preuve de civisme ► public television noun (US) télévision f éducative (non commerciale)━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Une public school est un établissement d'enseignement secondaire privé. Bon nombre d'entre elles sont des pensionnats. Beaucoup ont également une école primaire qui leur est rattachée (une « prep » ou « preparatory school ») pour préparer les élèves au cycle secondaire. Ces écoles sont en général prestigieuses, et les frais de scolarité sont très élevés dans les plus connues (Westminster, Eton, Harrow). Beaucoup d'élèves vont ensuite à l'université, et un grand nombre entre à Oxford ou à Cambridge. Les grands industriels, les députés et les hauts fonctionnaires sortent souvent de ces écoles. Aux États-Unis, le terme public school désigne tout simplement une école publique gratuite.━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━Aux États-Unis, la public access television désigne les chaînes câblées non commerciales produites par des associations locales et autres institutions à but non lucratif. Le principe est de permettre aux communautés locales de s'exprimer et d'éviter que les chaînes câblées commerciales ne deviennent des monopoles.* * *['pʌblɪk] 1.2.the theatre-going public — les amateurs mpl de théâtre
adjective [health, property, park, inquiry] public/-ique; [disquiet, enthusiasm, indifference, support] général; [library, amenity] municipal; [duty, spirit] civique3.in public adverbial phrase en public -
3 record
̘. ̈n.ˈrekɔ:d
1. сущ.
1) а) запись;
регистрация, письменная фиксация( каких-л. фактов) the coldest day on record ≈ самый холодный отмеченный день to close a record ≈ завершать записи, прекращать ведение записей( в юридической практике) to destroy records ≈ уничтожить записи to keep, make a record ≈ вести записи to keep a record of events ≈ вести записи событий to open up a record ≈ начинать записи a matter of record ≈ зарегистрированный факт (up) on record ≈ записанный, зарегистрированный to bear record to ≈ свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность( фактов и т. п.) accurate record ≈ точная запись attendance record ≈ список присутствующих detailed record ≈ подробная запись official record ≈ официальный документ sketchy records ≈ фрагментарные записи public record ≈ Государственный архив verbatim record ≈ дословная запись
2) а) регистрация, учет( кого-л. где-л. и т. п.) record clerk, record keeper ≈ регистратор record department, record room ≈ мед. регистратура record of attendances ≈ регистрация или список присутствующих б) мн. учетно-отчетные материалы, регистрационные данные field records ≈ спец. полевые данные record material ≈ воен. документация
3) а) официальная запись, отчет;
протокол( заседания, допроса, вскрытия, экспертизы и т. п.) to enter on the records ≈ занести в протокол б) юр. документ, письменно зафиксированное свидетельство;
письменное производство по делу of, in, by, (up) on record ≈ записанный, письменно подтвержденный court of record ≈ законный (монарший) суд judge of record ≈ законный судья to have record ≈ иметь власть, полномочия (судить, выносить приговоры и т. п.) в) (the record) преим. юр. суть дела to travel out of the record ≈ отклоняться от сути дела;
нарушать букву закона to keep to the record ≈ держаться сути дела;
не нарушать буквы закона
4) а) памятник прошлого;
исторический документ (свидетельствующий о чем угодно, не обязательно письменный) to put/place oneself on record ≈ увековечить свое имя, оставить след в истории Syn: document
1., monument, memorial
1. б) тж. мн. архивы, собрание памятников прошлого Public Record Office ≈ Государственный архив в) редк. счет прошедшим годам, подсчет прошедших лет (часто с of years, of time etc.) Syn: account
1., timing
5) а) характеристика, биография( профессиональная и т. д.) ;
досье, собрание фактов, данных( о ком-л.) his record is against him ≈ его характеристика говорит не в его пользу to have a police record ≈ состоять на учете в полиции a good academic record ≈ хорошая академическая характеристика This airline's safety record is impeccable. ≈ Репутация этой авиалинии безупречна. She has a distinguished record as a public official. ≈ Она блестяще проявила себя в роли должностного лица. б) спец. уголовная биография;
список судимостей
6) а) видео- или аудиозапись (на любом виде носителя) to make a record ≈ записывать, делать запись( видео, музыкальную и т. д.) б) грампластинка (виниловый музыкальный диск) long-playing record ≈ долгоиграющая пластинка (тж. LP) a single record ≈ сингл, сорокопятка to cut a record ≈ записывать пластинку to play a record ≈ заводить, ставить пластинку gramophone record ≈ грампластинка phonograph record ≈ грампластинка
7) особ. спорт рекорд, лучший результат;
рекордное достижение to beat/break/cut the record ≈ побить рекорд to establish, set a ( new) record ≈ установить (новый) рекорд to equal, tie a record ≈ достичь рекорда to better, surpass a record ≈ побить рекорд distinguished record ≈ выдающиеся достижения excellent record ≈ большие успехи to hold a record ≈ установить рекорд national record ≈ национальный рекорд Olympic record ≈ олимпийский рекорд speed record ≈ рекорд по скорости unbroken record ≈ непобитый рекорд world record ≈ мировой рекорд
8) компьют. запись (массив информации, обрабатываемый как одно целое)
9) уст., библ. очевидец, свидетель;
свидетельство Syn: witness
1. ∙ for the record on the record off the record of record on record
2. гл.
1) записывать, регистрировать;
заносить в список, в протокол;
оформлять как документ (какие-л. факты и т. п.)
2) а) записывать звук, изображение или информацию иного рода (на какой-л. вид носителя - пленку, диск и т. п.) ;
снимать, производить фото-, видео- или киносъемку These songs were recorded from a concert during last year's season. ≈ Эти песни были записаны на концерте в прошлом сезоне. while recording the album 3 members of the band died of heroin ≈ за время записи альбома 3 участника группы умерли от героина б) быть пригодным для записи: записывать (о пишущем приборе) ;
писаться, записываться( об инструменте и т. п.) the camera records badly ≈ камера плохо записывает the guitar didn't record clearly enough ≈ гитара недостаточно хорошо прописалась
3) о приборах а) регистрировать, записывать earthquake shocks recorded by a seismograph ≈ подземные толчки, зафиксированные сейсмографом Syn: register
2. б) показывать, отмечать( на шкале и т. д.) the thermometer recorded 90 degrees ≈ термометр показал 90 градусов Syn: indicate, read I
1.
4) свидетельствовать, являться памятником чему-л. (в переносном смысле - см. примеры) ;
оставлять след, увековечивать this shell-hole in the ground records a bomb strike that's been taken on our village ≈ эта воронка свидетельствует о бомбовом ударе на нашу деревню this monument records a moment of happiness ≈ этот монумент воздвигнут в память о минуте счастья Her sufferings are recorded on her face for the rest of her life. ≈ Ее страдания на всю оставшуюся жизнь отпечатались на ее лице.
5) петь, заливаться, выводить трели (о птице) запись, записывание;
письменное упоминание, письменный след ( чего-л.) - * centre документохранилище - * management документоведение;
делопроизводство - * of a patient (медицина) история болезни - to make a * of smth. записать что-л. - to keep a * of a conversation вести запись беседы - I can find no * of it это нигде не записано, это нигде не упоминается (письменно) - to be on * быть документально установленным /записанным/ - it is on * that... известно, что...;
история говорит, что... - the information we have on * (официальное) сведения, которыми мы располагаем регистрация, учет - * clerk, * keeper регистратор, делопроизводитель - * department, * room (медицина) регистратура - * practice( военное) зачетная стрельба - to keep a * of road accidents вести учет /регистрацию/ несчастных случаев на дорогах - there was no * of any man with those initials человек с такими инициалами нигде не числился - * of attendances список /регистрация/ присутствующих - his * of attendances is bad он часто отсутствует документация;
учетно-отчетные документы;
отчетные материалы;
данные - field *s (специальное) данные полевого журнала, полевые данные - * material (военное) документация протокол (заседания, испытания, вскрытия и т. п.) ;
стенограмма;
официальный документ - public *s судебные протоколы - abstract of * выписка из записи/ из протокола/ - * of evidence протокол допроса свидетеля - on /upon, in/ * занесенный в протокол, запротоколированный, зарегистрированный - to enter on the *s занести в протокол - I want to be on * as having... прошу занести в протокол, что я... (юридическое) материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу архив - *s of the Foreign Office архив министерства иностранных дел - keeper of the *s, * keeper архивариус, регистратор факты, данные ( о ком-л.) ;
характеристика, репутация - criminal * (юридическое) досье преступника, регистрация приводов, судимостей и т. п.;
уголовное прошлое;
судимость - to have a good * иметь хорошую репутацию;
прожить жизнь честно - to have /to show/ a clean * иметь безупречное прошлое;
(юридическое) не иметь судимости - he has a police * он известен полиции, у него есть приводы - his * is against him его прошлое говорит против него - as is evident from his whole * как явствует из всего, что он сделал в жизни;
свидетельством чего является вся его деятельность достижения;
результаты деятельности - the committee's * to date то, что уже сделано комитетом к настоящему времени - the committee's * is not unimpressive комитет сделал немало - that airline has a bad * эта авиалиния пользуется дурной славой /считается ненадежной/ (спортивное) рекорд - world * мировой рекорд - to beat /to break, to cut/ the * побить рекорд - to achieve a * поставить /установить/ рекорд - two *s fell два рекорда были побиты /пали/ звукозапись;
запись (звука, изображения на пластинку, пленку и т. п.) ;
фонограмма;
фотограмма;
кинограмма - sound * фонограмма, звуковая дорожка - sound-and-picture * фотофонограмма - photographic * фотозапись, фоторегистрация - camera * (фото) снимок - telemetry * телеметрическая запись - echo * (специальное) регистрация эха /отраженного импульса/ диаграмма( самописца) граммофонная пластинка - mother * матрица( пластинки) (американизм) перфорированный нотный ролик( для механического фортепьяно) (исторический) памятник (о статуе, картине, манускрипте и т. п.) - the *s of the past памятники прошлого - the *s of medieval life in the British Museum средневековые экспонаты в Британском музее - to put /to place/ oneself on * отличиться, выдвинуться;
увековечить свое имя, оставить след в истории - history has not preserved any * of... история не сохранила письменных свидетельств о... (the *) преим. (юридическое) суть дела - to keep to the * держаться сути дела - to travel out of the * приводить доводы, не относящиеся к делу;
говорить не по существу( юридическое) (библеизм) свидетельское показание;
свидетель - to bear * to свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность (фактов и т. п.) - I can bear * to his good character я могу засвидетельствовать его добропорядочность - to call /to take/ to * призывать в свидетели;
ссылаться на - God is my * that... видит Бог, что я... память - to pass from * исчезнуть из памяти;
пройти, не оставив следа > on (the) * официальный;
гласный, открытый;
несекретный;
объявленный публично;
сделанный или предназначенный для печати( о заявлении и т. п.) > to place on * зафиксировать > I want to place on * that... надо констатировать /заявить/, что... > to go /to put oneself/ on * заявить что-л. официально;
сделать заявление для печати > off the * не для печати;
конфиденциальный, не подлежащий оглашению( особ. в печати) ;
неофициальный( о заявлении и т. п.) > he spoke off the * он выступал неофициально > this is strictly off the * пусть это останется между нами;
это строго конфиденциально > of * записанный, зафиксированный;
всем известный, несомненный > matter of * документально подтвержденный факт > their enmity was a matter of * for years из вражда уже много лет всем известна > * of service послужной список;
деятельность в прошлом, прохождение службы > to keep the * straight не допустить извращения (истины и т. п.) ;
предотвратить возможность неправильного истолкования (факта и т. п.) > to set the * straight внести поправку в протокол, документ и т. п.;
поправить чью-л. ошибку;
разъяснить недоразумение;
восстановить истинное положение вещей > I want to set the * straight я хочу внести ясность рекордный;
небывалый, неслыханный (тж. перен.) - * pace рекордная скорость - * prices неслыханные цены - * drought небывалая засуха - * audience небывалое количество присутствующих записывать, протоколировать;
заносить в список, реестр, протокол и т. п. - to * a speech записывать или стенографировать речь - to * the day's events записать события дня - to * one's thoughts in a diary заносить свои мысли в дневник - he already has several convictions *ed against him за ним уже числится несколько судимостей - this volume *s the history of the regiment в этом томе излагается история полка регистрировать, фиксировать;
показывать (о приборе) ;
записывать (о регистрирующем или самопищущем приборе) - a seismograph *s earthquakes сейсмограф регистрирует землетрясения - to * the time (спортивное) засекать время, хронометрировать - the thermometer *ed 40 degrees термометр показывал 40 градусов записывать на пленку, пластинку и т. п. - the gramophone has 8ed his voice его голос записан на граммофонную пластинку - the programme was *ed программа была записана на пленку (в отличие от прямого эфира) записываться (о звуке) - the piano does not * well звук фортепьяно плохо записывается (на пластинку и т. п.) снимать( фото- или киноаппаратом) увековечивать - he is *ed to have built this church in 1270 из истории известно, что он построил эту церковь в 1270 году - this stone *s a famous battle этим камнем отмечена историческая битва петь, заливаться (о птице) (устаревшее) свидетельствовать active ~ вчт. активная запись addition ~ вчт. добавляемая запись allocation ~ вчт. закрепленная запись amendment ~ вчт. корректурная запись backspace a ~ вчт. возвращаться на одну запись bargaining ~ протокол переговоров to bear ~ to свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность (фактов и т. п.) ~ рекорд;
to beat (или to break, to cut) the record побить рекорд blocked ~ вчт. сблокированная запись chained ~ вчт. цепная запись change ~ вчт. запись файла изменений checkpoint ~ вчт. запись контрольной точки control ~ вчт. управляющая запись court ~ судебная выписка criminal ~ досье преступника current ~ вчт. текущая запись current ~ текущий учет data ~ вчт. запись данных delete a ~ вчт. исключать запись duplicate ~ вчт. дублирующая запись ~ протокол (заседания и т. п.) ;
to enter on the records занести в протокол fixed-length ~ вчт. запись фиксированной длины formatted ~ вчт. форматная запись growth ~ регистрация роста ~ факты, данные (о ком-л.) ;
характеристика;
to have a good (bad) record иметь хорошую (плохую) репутацию headed ~ вчт. заглавная запись header ~ вчт. запись-заголовок header ~ вчт. паспортная запись his ~ is against him его прошлое говорит против него;
record of service послужной список;
трудовая книжка history ~ вчт. ретроспективная запись home ~ вчт. начальная запись incident ~ вчт. случайная запись keep ~ of вести учет to keep to the ~ держаться сути дела;
to travel out of the record вводить( что-л.), не относящееся к делу loss ~ учет потерь loss ~ учет убытков master ~ вчт. главная запись a matter of ~ зарегистрированный факт;
(up) on record записанный, зарегистрированный multiuser ~ вчт. запись формируемая рядом пользователей no criminal ~ дело не влечет уголовного наказания notarial ~ нотариальная запись off the ~ не по существу off the ~ разг. не подлежащий оглашению (в печати) off the ~ разг. разг. неофициально, неофициальным путем a matter of ~ зарегистрированный факт;
(up) on record записанный, зарегистрированный overflow ~ вчт. запись переполнения parent ~ вчт. родительская запись performance ~ учет производительности (или эффективности) работы работника personal ~ личное дело personel ~s учет кадров personnel ~ картотека персонала primary ~ вчт. первичная запись record бухгалтерская книга ~ вести бухгалтерский учет ~ вносить в протокол ~ граммофонная пластинка;
запись на граммофонной пластинке ~ юр. документ, дающий право на владение ~ документ (оформленный надлежащим должностным лицом и содержащий доказательства зафиксированного в нем правового акта, сделки, права), публичный акт ~ документация ~ заносить в бухгалтерскую книгу ~ заносить в реестр ~ заносить в список ~ записывать, регистрировать;
протоколировать;
заносить в список, в протокол ~ записывать ~ вчт. записывать ~ записывать ~ записывать на пластинку, на пленку ~ запись;
регистрация (фактов) ;
летопись;
мемуары, рассказ о событиях ~ запись ~ вчт. запись ~ запись ~ материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу ~ материалы судебного дела ~ официальный документ, запись, отчет ~ официальный документ ~ официальный отчет ~ памятник прошлого ~ письменное производство по делу ~ протокол (заседания и т. п.) ;
to enter on the records занести в протокол ~ протокол ~ протоколировать ~ регистр ~ вчт. регистрация ~ регистрация ~ вчт. регистрировать ~ регистрировать ~ рекорд;
to beat (или to break, to cut) the record побить рекорд ~ сигналограмма ~ стенограмма ~ увековечивать ~ удостоверять ~ учитывать ~ фактографические данные ~ факты, данные (о ком-л.) ;
характеристика;
to have a good (bad) record иметь хорошую (плохую) репутацию ~ фиксировать ~ access block вчт. блок доступа к записи ~ attr. рекордный ~ by a notary заверять у нотариуса ~ of arrivals регистрация прибытия ~ of decisions запись решений ~ of forwarding регистрация отправки ~ of keystrokes вчт. последовательность клавиш ~ of resolutions запись решений ~ of sentence протокольная запись приговора суда his ~ is against him его прошлое говорит против него;
record of service послужной список;
трудовая книжка root ~ вчт. корневая запись sales ~ учет продаж semifixed ~ вчт. запись ограниченной длины sorted ~s вчт. отсортированные записи source ~ вчт. исходная запись space ~ вчт. разделяющая запись stock ~ книга учета запасов stock ~ учет запасов summary ~ вчт. итоговая запись target ~ вчт. целевая запись total ~ вчт. итоговая запись track ~ вчт. сведения о продвижении по службе trailer ~ вчт. заключительная запись to keep to the ~ держаться сути дела;
to travel out of the record вводить (что-л.), не относящееся к делу trial by the ~ производство по спору о наличии признанного судебным решением долга undefined-length ~ вчт. запись неопределенной длины unformatted ~ вчт. неформатная запись unit ~ вчт. единичная запись variable length ~ вчт. запись переменной длины variable-length ~ вчт. запись переменной длины variant ~ вчт. запись с вариантами -
4 record
1. n запись, записывание; письменное упоминание, письменный следI can find no record of it — это нигде не записано, это нигде не упоминается
type record — тип "запись"
2. n регистрация, учётrecord clerk, record keeper — регистратор, делопроизводитель
record department, record room — регистратура
3. n документация; учётно-отчётные документы; отчётные материалы; данныеfield records — данные полевого журнала, полевые данные
4. n протокол; стенограмма; официальный документon record — занесённый в протокол, запротоколированный, зарегистрированный
5. n юр. материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу6. n архив7. n факты, данные; характеристика, репутацияto have a good record — иметь хорошую репутацию; прожить жизнь честно
he has a police record — он известен полиции, у него есть приводы
contract of record — договор, облечённый в публичный акт
8. n достижения; результаты деятельности9. n спорт. рекорд10. n звукозапись; запись; фонограмма; фотограмма; кинограммаsound record — фонограмма, звуковая дорожка
photographic record — фотозапись, фоторегистрация
11. n диаграмма12. n граммофонная пластинка13. n амер. перфорированный нотный ролик14. n памятник15. n преим. юр. суть дела16. n юр. библ. свидетельское показание; свидетельto bear record to — свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность
to call to record — призывать в свидетели; ссылаться на
God is my record that … — видит бог, что я память
to pass from record — исчезнуть из памяти; пройти, не оставив следа
I want to place on record that … — надо констатировать, что …
off the record — не для печати; конфиденциальный, не подлежащий оглашению ; неофициальный
this is strictly off the record — пусть это останется между нами; это строго конфиденциально
17. a рекордный; небывалый, неслыханныйСинонимический ряд:1. document (noun) account; annals; archive; chronicle; document; history; journal; legend; manuscript; monument; register; report2. register (verb) catalog; catalogue; chronicle; enter; inscribe; insert; log; matriculate; post; register; set down; tabulate; transcribe3. show (verb) indicate; mark; read; say; showАнтонимический ряд: -
5 public
1. [ʹpʌblık] n1. собир. народthe public is the best judge, the public are the best judges - народ - лучший судья
2. собир.1) публикаthe reading [theatrical] public - читающая [театральная] публика
in public - открыто, публично; на людях
the public are not admitted - публика не допускается, вход воспрещён
general public, public at large - широкая публика
books that appeal to a large public - книги, которые привлекают внимание широкого круга читателей
Public Lending Right - система авторского вознаграждения, в которой гонорар зависит от того, как спрашивают книгу в библиотеках
2) общественностьto appeal /to apply/ to the public - обратиться /апеллировать/ к обществу
3. разг. сокр. от public house2. [ʹpʌblık] a1. общественныйpublic sentiment - настроение или отношение общества /общественности/
public spirit - а) общественное сознание; б) сознательность; отстаивание общественных интересов; гражданственность
public service - деятельность на общественном поприще [см. тж. 3, 6]
public figure /man/ - общественный деятель
public image - репутация, мнение широкой публики (о ком-л.)
public nuisance - а) нарушение общественного порядка; б) нарушитель общественного порядка; в) источник опасности или вреда
2. народный, общенародныйpublic ownership - общенародное достояние; общественная собственность
3. общественный, коммунальный, общественного пользованияpublic lighting - уличное /городское/ освещение
public transport - общественный /городской/ транспорт
public service - коммунальное обслуживание, коммунальные услуги [см. тж. 1, 6]
public facilities - а) = public utilities а); б) места общественного пользования (школы, рестораны, бассейны и т. п.)
public utilities - а) предприятия общественного пользования (средства связи, городской транспорт и т. п.); б) коммунальные сооружения; в) коммунальные услуги; коммунальные службы; г) акции и облигации предприятий общественного пользования
public cleansing - очистка /уборка/ улиц
public works - а) общественные сооружения; б) общественные работы
public warehouse - амер. склад общественного пользования ( частновладельческий)
certified public accountant - амер. дипломированный присяжный, бухгалтер, аудитор
4. публичный, общедоступныйpublic sale - публичные торги, аукцион
public day - амер. приёмный день для широкой публики (в учреждениях и т. п.)
public room - общая комната, холл (в гостинице и т. п.)
5. открытый, гласныйto make public - предать гласности; объявить, опубликовать
to go public - а) предать гласности (конфиденциальные сведения и т. п.); б) фин. впервые выставить на продажу акции и ценные бумаги
6. государственный, национальныйpublic debt [loan] - государственный долг [заём]
public funds - а) государственные средства; б) государственные ценные бумаги
public office - а) государственное или муниципальное учреждение; присутственное место; б) государственная должность
public officer - государственный служащий, чиновник, должностное лицо
public servant - а) государственное или муниципальное должностное лицо; лицо, находящееся на государственной службе; б) = public-service corporation
public service - государственная служба [см. тж. 1, 3]
public law - а) государственное право, публичное право; б) публичный закон ( касающийся всего населения)
public trustee - юр. публичный доверительный собственник; государственный попечитель ( по управлению имуществом частных лиц)
public notary, notary public - нотариус
public defender - амер. государственный защитник ( неимущего обвиняемого)
public enemy - а) вражеская страна; враждебное государство; б) социально-опасный элемент
public act - а) юр. публичный акт /закон/; б) публичный акт, действие государственной власти
public bill - публичный законопроект; законопроект общегосударственного значения
public holidays - праздничные дни, официальные праздники
public assistance - амер. государственное денежное пособие (беднякам, престарелым, инвалидам и детям)
7. публично-правовойpublic corporation - публично-правовая /государственная/ корпорация ( руководит национализированной отраслью промышленности)
public securities - а) государственные ценные бумаги; б) ценные бумаги, выпущенные публично-правовыми учреждениями
8. вчт. общий♢
to be in the public line - содержать бар /таверну/ -
6 public
1. n собир. народthe public is the best judge, the public are the best judges — народ — лучший судья
2. n собир. публикаin public — открыто, публично; на людях
the public are not admitted — публика не допускается, вход воспрещён
general public, public at large — широкая публика
public image — репутация, мнение широкой публики
3. n собир. общественность4. a народный, общенародныйpublic ownership — общенародное достояние; общественная собственность
5. a общественный, коммунальный, общественного пользованияpublic service — коммунальное обслуживание, коммунальные услуги
public network — общедоступная сеть; сеть общего пользования
6. a публичный, общедоступныйpublic sale — публичные торги, аукцион
7. a открытый, гласныйopen to the public — вход свободный ; открыто для всех
8. a государственный, национальныйpublic officer — государственный служащий, чиновник, должностное лицо
public trustee — публичный доверительный собственник; государственный попечитель
public notary, notary public — нотариус
public bill — публичный законопроект; законопроект общегосударственного значения
public institution — публичное, государственное учреждение
9. a публично-правовой10. a вчт. общийСинонимический ряд:1. civic (adj.) civic; civil; governmental; national; owned by the state; publicly-financed; societal; tax-supported; under the public domain2. communal (adj.) collective; common; communal; conjoint; conjunct; democratic; general; intermutual; joint; mutual; popular; prevalent; shared; vulgar; widespread3. unrestricted (adj.) accessible; free; free to all; known; not private; open; open to the public; open-door; unrestricted; without charge4. commons (noun) commonalty; commoners; commons; crowd; masses; mob5. populace (noun) audience; citizens; clientage; clientele; community; following; humanity; men; populace; society; the community6. societies (noun) communities; people; societiesАнтонимический ряд:individual; personal; private; restricted -
7 office
управление; департамент; комитет; отдел; бюро; секретариат, канцелярия; разг. кабина экипажаJoint Service Cruise Missile Program [Project] office — объединенное управление разработки КР (для ВВС и ВМС)
office of Information, Navy — информационное управление ВМС
office of Research, Development and Evaluation — управление НИОКР ВМС
office of the Chief, Army Reserve — управление резерва СВ
office of the Comptroller, Navy — управление главного финансового инспектора ВМС
office of the Deputy COFS for Research, Development and Acquisition — управление заместителя НШ по НИОКР и закупкам (СВ)
office, Aerospace Research — управление воздушно-космических исследований
office, Analysis and Review — управление анализа и контроля потребностей
office, Armor Force Management and Standardization — управление по вопросам администрации и стандартизации бронетанковых войск
office, Assistant COFS for Force Development — управление ПНШ по строительству ВС
office, Assistant COFS for Intelligence — управление ПНШ по разведке
office, Assistant COFS — управление [отдел] ПНШ
office, Assistant Secretary of Defense — аппарат [секретариат] ПМО
office, Chief of Chaplains — управление начальника службы военных священников (СВ)
office, Chief of Civil Affairs — управление по связям с гражданской администрацией и населением
office, Chief of Engineers — управление начальника инженерных войск
office, Chief of Finance (and Accounting) — управление начальника финансовой службы (СВ)
office, Chief of Legislative Liaison — отдел связи с законодательными органами
office, Chief of Ordnance — управление начальника артиллерийско-технической службы (СВ)
office, Chief of R&D — управление НИОКР (СВ)
office, Chief of Transportation — управление [отдел] начальника транспортной службы
office, Chief, Chemical Corps — управление начальника химической службы
office, COFS for Operations — оперативное управление НШ
office, COFS, Army — аппарат НШ СВ
office, Consolidated Personnel — управление гражданских рабочих и служащих
office, Coordinator of Army Studies — управление координатора разработок СВ
office, Defense Transportation — управление военно-транспортной службы
office, Deputy Chief of Naval Operations, Air Warfare — управление заместителя НШ ВМС по боевому применению авиации
office, Deputy COFS for Aviation — отдел заместителя НШ по авиации (МП)
office, Deputy COFS for Installations and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по расквартированию и тыловому обеспечению
office, Deputy COFS for Manpower — управление заместителя НШ по людским ресурсам
office, Deputy COFS for Operations and Training — управление заместителя НШ по оперативной и боевой подготовке
office, Deputy COFS for Plans and Logistics — управление заместителя НШ по планированию тылового обеспечения
office, Development and Engineering — отдел технических разработок (ЦРУ)
office, Development and Weapon Systems Analysis — управление разработки и анализа систем вооружения
office, Director of Development Planning — управление планирования строительства (ВВС)
office, Director of Foreign Intelligence — управление начальника внешней разведки
office, Distribution Services — отдел распределения и рассылки картографических изданий (МО)
office, Economic Research — отдел экономических исследований (ЦРУ)
office, Emergency Transportation — управление чрезвычайных перевозок
office, Employment Policy and Grievance Review — отдел по вопросам занятости и рассмотрению жалоб (СВ)
office, Federal Procurement Policy — управление разработки федеральной политики в области закупок
office, Force Planning and Analysis — управление планирования и анализа строительства ВС
office, General Council — управление генерального юрисконсульта
office, Geographic and Cartographic Research — отдел географических и картографических исследований (ЦРУ)
office, Imagery Analysis — отдел анализа видовой информации (ЦРУ)
office, Information and Legal Affairs — управление информации и права (МО)
office, Information for. the Armed Forces — управление информации ВС
office, JCS — аппарат КНШ
office, Judge Advocate General — управление начальника военно-юридической службы
office, Management and Budget — административно-бюджетное управление
office, Military Assistance — управление по оказанию военной помощи
office, Personnel Manager — отдел кадров (СВ)
office, Services and Information Agency — отдел управления информационного обеспечения
office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Army Aircraft — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО армейской авиации
office, Special Assistant for Logistical Support of Tactical Communications — отдел специального помощника по вопросам МТО тактических систем связи
office, the Inspector General — управление генерального инспектора
office, the Legislative Affairs — управление военного законодательства
office, Under Secretary of Navy — аппарат заместителя министра ВМС
office, Under Secretary of the Air Force — аппарат заместителя министра ВВС
Personnel, Plans and Training office — отдел по вопросам ЛС, планирования и боевой подготовки
Strategic Objectives [Targets] Planning office — управление планирования стратегических задач (КНШ)
Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Night Observation System office — управление разработки систем наблюдения, засечки целей и ПНВ
— Resources Management office -
8 record
1. [ʹrekɔ:d] n1. запись, записывание; письменное упоминание, письменный след (чего-л.)record management - а) документоведение; б) делопроизводство
record of a patient - мед. история болезни
to make a record of smth. - записать что-л.
to keep a record of a conversation - вести запись беседы [ср. тж. 2, 1)]
I can find no record of it - это нигде не записано, это нигде не упоминается (письменно)
to be on record - быть документально установленным /записанным/ [ср. тж. 3, 1) и ♢ ]
it is on record that... - известно, что...; история говорит, что...
the information we have on record - офиц. сведения, которыми мы располагаем
2. 1) регистрация, учётrecord clerk, record keeper - регистратор, делопроизводитель
record department, record room - мед. регистратура
record practice - воен. зачётная стрельба
to keep a record of road accidents - вести учёт /регистрацию/ несчастных случаев на дорогах [ср. тж. 1]
there was no record of any man with those initials - человек с такими инициалами нигде не числился
record of attendances - список /регистрация/ присутствующих
2) pl документация; учётно-отчётные документы; отчётные материалы; данныеfield records - спец. данные полевого журнала, полевые данные
record material - воен. документация
3. 1) протокол (заседания, испытания, вскрытия и т. п.); стенограмма; официальный документabstract of record - выписка из записи /из протокола/
on /upon, in/ record - занесённый в протокол, запротоколированный, зарегистрированный [ср. тж. 1 и ♢ ]
I want to be on record as having... - прошу занести в протокол, что я...
2) pl юр. материалы судебного дела, письменное производство по делу3) pl архивkeeper of the records, record keeper - архивариус, регистратор
4. 1) факты, данные (о ком-л.); характеристика, репутацияcriminal record - а) юр. досье преступника, регистрация приводов, судимостей и т. п.; б) уголовное прошлое; судимость
to have a good record - иметь хорошую репутацию; прожить жизнь честно
to have /to show/ a clean record - а) иметь безупречное прошлое; б) юр. не иметь судимости
he has a police record - он известен полиции, у него есть приводы
as is evident from his whole record - как явствует из всего, что он сделал в жизни; свидетельством чего является вся его деятельность
2) достижения; результаты деятельностиthe committee's record to date - то, что уже сделано комитетом к настоящему времени
that airline has a bad record - эта авиалиния пользуется дурной славой /считается ненадёжной/
5. спорт. рекордto beat /to break, to cut/ the record - побить рекорд
to achieve a record - поставить /установить/ рекорд
two records fell - два рекорда были побиты /пали/
6. 1) звукозапись; запись (звука, изображения на пластинку, плёнку и т. п.); фонограмма; фотограмма; кинограммаsound record - фонограмма, звуковая дорожка
photographic record - фотозапись, фоторегистрация
echo record - спец. регистрация эха /отражённого импульса/
2) диаграмма (самописца)3) граммофонная пластинка4) амер. перфорированный нотный ролик ( для механического фортепьяно)7. (исторический) памятник (о статуе, картине, манускрипте и т. п.)the records of medieval life in the British Museum - средневековые экспонаты в Британском музее
to put /to place/ oneself on record - отличиться, выдвинуться; увековечить своё имя, оставить след в истории [ср. тж. ♢ ]
history has not preserved any record of... - история не сохранила письменных свидетельств о...
8. (the record) преим. юр. суть делаto travel out of the record - а) приводить доводы, не относящиеся к делу; б) говорить не по существу
9. юр., библ. свидетельское показание; свидетельto bear record to - свидетельствовать, удостоверять истинность (фактов и т. п.)
I can bear record to his good character - я могу засвидетельствовать его добропорядочность
to call /to take/ to record - призывать в свидетели; ссылаться на
God is my record that... - видит бог, что я...
10. поэт. памятьto pass from record - исчезнуть из памяти; пройти, не оставив следа
♢
on (the) record - официальный; гласный, открытый, несекретный; объявленный публично; сделанный или предназначенный для печати (о заявлении и т. п.) [ср. тж. 1 и 3, 1)]I want to place on record that... - надо констатировать /заявить/, что...
to go /to put oneself/ on record - заявить что-л. официально; сделать заявление для печати [ср. тж. 7]
off the record - не для печати; конфиденциальный, не подлежащий оглашению (особ. в печати); неофициальный (о заявлении и т. п.)
this is strictly off the record - пусть это останется между нами; это строго конфиденциально
of record - а) записанный, зафиксированный; matter of record - документально подтверждённый факт; б) всем известный, несомненный
their enmity was a matter of record for years - их вражда уже много лет всем известна
record of service - а) послужной список; б) деятельность в прошлом, прохождение службы
to keep the record straight - не допустить извращения (истины и т. п.); предотвратить возможность неправильного истолкования (факта и т. п.)
to set the record straight - а) внести поправку в протокол, документ и т. п.; б) поправить чью-л. ошибку; разъяснить недоразумение; восстановить истинное положение вещей
2. [ʹrekɔ:d] aI want to set the record straight - ≅ я хочу внести ясность
рекордный; небывалый, неслыханный (тж. перен.)3. [rıʹkɔ:d] vrecord pace [height, output, crop] - рекордная скорость [высота, производительность, -ый урожай]
1. 1) записывать, протоколировать; заносить в список, реестр, протокол и т. п.to record a speech - записывать или стенографировать речь
he already has several convictions recorded against him - за ним уже числится несколько судимостей
this volume records the history of the regiment - в этом томе излагается история полка
2) регистрировать, фиксировать; показывать ( о приборе); записывать ( о регистрирующем или самопишущем приборе)to record the time - спорт. засекать время, хронометрировать
2. 1) записывать на плёнку, пластинку и т. п.the gramophone has recorded his voice - его голос записан на граммофонную пластинку
2) записываться ( о звуке)the piano does not record well - звук фортепьяно плохо записывается (на пластинку и т. п.)
3) снимать ( фото- или киноаппаратом)3. увековечиватьhe is recorded to have built this church in 1270 - из истории известно, что он построил эту церковь в 1270 году
this stone records a ramous battle - этим камнем отмечена историческая битва
4. петь, заливаться ( о птице)5. арх. свидетельствовать -
9 Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos
Ex. The United States National Archives is the equivalent of the British Public Record Office and its principal bibliographic publications are National Archives Accessions and Guide to the Records in the National Archives.* * *Ex: The United States National Archives is the equivalent of the British Public Record Office and its principal bibliographic publications are National Archives Accessions and Guide to the Records in the National Archives.
Spanish-English dictionary > Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos
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10 documento
m.1 document (escrito).documento confidencial restricted documentdocumento nacional de identidad identity card2 record (testimonio).pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: documentar.* * *1 document\Documento Nacional de Identidad identity card* * *noun m.* * *SM1) (=escrito) documentdocumento adjunto — (Inform) attachment
documento justificativo — voucher, certificate
See:2) (=certificado) certificate3) (=testimonio) document* * *a) (Adm, Der) document¿lleva algún documento que pruebe su identidad? — do you have any (means of) identification?
b) ( testimonio)estas imágenes constituyen un documento de la situación — these images bear witness to o are testimony to the situation
* * *= document, item, material, work, stock item, record, paper.Ex. A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).Ex. A catalogue is a list of the materials or items in a library, with the entries representing the items arranged in some systematic order.Ex. It is my understanding that the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition, (AACR2) will prescribe the same entry rules for all materials.Ex. An authority entry is an entry for which the initial element is the uniform heading for a person, corporate body, or work, as established by the cataloguing agency responsible.Ex. A new building will open in 1990, catering for 5 million stock items and 1,000 readers' seats.Ex. A record is a complete unit of information about a person, item, product, book, patient, chemical, etc. and in a computer-held data base a record is all the information contained relating to a document.Ex. In particular, a data base may be concerned to list separately individual periodical articles and single papers in conference proceedings.----* acceso a los documentos = document delivery.* acción de guardar documentos = save.* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).* análisis formal de documentos = markup [mark-up].* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de documentos públicos = record office.* área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.* base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.* base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.* búsqueda de documento conocido = known-item search.* búsqueda de documentos concretos = item search.* Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).* circulación de documentos = flow of documents, stock circulation.* codificar un documento = mark up + document.* cola de documentos reservados y disponibles = held-document-available queue.* colección de documentos impresos = print collection.* colocación de los documentos de vuelta en los estantes = reshelving.* comprobación del documento = collating.* conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation.* conservador de documentos = records custodian.* contenido del documento = document content.* creación de documentos secundarios = surrogacy.* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.* del documento específico = document-related.* dependiente del documento = document-dependent.* depósito de documentos digitales = repository.* depósito de documentos electrónico = repository.* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* descripción del documento = document description.* designación específica de la clase de documento = specific material designation.* designación general de la clase de documento = general material designation.* difusión electrónica de documentos (DED) = electronic document delivery (EDD).* digitalización de documentos = document imaging.* distribución de documentos de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan document delivery.* documento acreditativo de identidad = proof of identity.* documento administrativo público = public record.* documento base = discussion document.* documento científico = scholarly work.* documento citado = cited document.* documento citante = citing document.* documento compuesto = composite document, compound document.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* documento de autoridad archivística = archival authority record, archival authority record.* documento de consulta = discussion document.* documento de debate = discussion paper.* documento de imagen en movimiento = moving image document.* documento de opinión = discussion document.* documento de renuncia = waiver form.* documento derivado = derivative document.* documento de texto = textual document.* documento de trabajo = working document, working draft.* documento electrónico = electronic document, machine readable document, electronic record.* documento en papel = paper document.* documento estatal = state document.* documento fuente = host document, original document, parent document, source document.* documento hallado = match.* documento histórico = historical document, historical paper.* documento icónico = iconic document.* documento impreso = printout [print-out], paper document, print-off.* documento informativo = FYI (For Your Information).* documento interno = internal document.* documento legal = legal document.* documento legible por máquina = machine readable document.* documento literario = literary document.* documento matriz = master document.* documento multimedia = multimedia document (MD).* documento oficial = government document, official document, official record.* documento oficial municipal = municipal document.* documento origen = host document.* documento pictórico = image document.* documento primario = primary document, primary publication, primary source.* documento prohibido = banned title.* documento público = public document, municipal document.* documento recuperado = hit.* documento recuperado no pertinente = false drop.* documento reservado = held document.* documento secundario = derivative document, secondary document, secondary publication, surrogate, document surrogate.* documentos encontrados = posting.* documentos jurídicos = muniments.* documento sonoro = audio document.* documentos personales = personal papers.* documentos primarios = primary material, primary source material.* documentos producto de investigación = research materials.* documento técnico = technical document.* documento vencido = overdue, overdue document.* documento web = Web document.* dominado por el documento impreso = print-dominated.* encargado de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.* en este documento = herein, hereto.* enunciado de búsqueda de documentos multimedia = multimedia query.* enviar un documento = deliver + document.* específico del documento = document-related, document-specific.* etiqueta del documento = document label.* etiquetado de documentos = document markup.* experto en la confección de documentos web = text mark-up expert.* expurgo de documentos = records disposition.* fichero de registro por documento = item record file.* formato generalizado para la codificación de documentos web = generalised markup format.* gestión de documentos = document management, handling of documents, record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping].* gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.* gestión de imágenes de documentos = document image management.* gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record management.* gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.* grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqueda = topicality.* identificador del documento = document identifier.* imagen digital de un documento = digital image document.* índice de palabras del documento = textwords ratio.* índice de registro por documento = item record index.* lector de documentos = document scanner.* lenguaje para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup language.* mapa que se inserta en otro documento = inclusion map.* mercado de suministro de documentos = document supply market.* método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).* NAGARA (Asociación Nacional de Archiveros y Gestores de Documentos del Gobie = National Association of Government Archivists and Records Administrators (NAGARA).* número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.* número de identificación del documento = library registration number.* número del documento = document identification number, document number.* número de referencia del documento = document reference number.* obsolescencia del documento = literature aging [literature ageing].* ordenar los documentos recuperados en orden de = rank + documents.* ordenar los documentos recuperados en orden de pertinencia = rank + document output.* palabra del documento = textword.* pantalla resumen del documento = document summary screen.* pedido de documento = document ordering.* petición de documentos = document delivery.* petición de documentos por el lector = document request.* producción de documentos = document production.* profesional encargado de la gestión de documentos = records professional.* publicación de documentos del gobierno = government publishing.* publicación de documentos oficiales = official publishing.* redactar un documento = draft + document.* red de suministro de documentos = document supply network.* registro de documento pedido = on-order record.* renovar el préstamo de un documento = renew + document.* reproducción de documentos = documentary reproduction.* responsable de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.* restauración de documentos = document restoration.* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* selección de documentos = document selection, selection of documents.* servicio de entrega de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de petición de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de suministro de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de transferencia de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicios de documentos secundarios = secondary services.* servidor de documentos = document server.* servir un documento = deliver + document.* SGML (Lenguaje Estándar Universal para el Análisis Formal de Documentos) = SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language).* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.* sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.* sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.* sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).* sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.* sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.* sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.* solicitar un documento = request + document.* suministro de documentos = document supply.* transferencia de documentos = document delivery.* tratamiento de documentos = document processing, document handling.* Tratamiento de Imágenes de Documentos (DIP) = Document Image Processing (DIP).* UNDEX (Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas) = UNDEX (United Nations Documents Index).* UNDI (Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas) = UNDI (United Nations Documents Index).* vector de los documentos = document vector.* vida útil de un documento = shelf life.* XML (Lenguaje Extensible para el Análisis de Documentos) = XML (Extensible Markup Language).* * *a) (Adm, Der) document¿lleva algún documento que pruebe su identidad? — do you have any (means of) identification?
b) ( testimonio)estas imágenes constituyen un documento de la situación — these images bear witness to o are testimony to the situation
* * *= document, item, material, work, stock item, record, paper.Ex: A bibliographic data base comprises a set of records which refer to documents (such as books, films, periodical articles or reports).
Ex: A catalogue is a list of the materials or items in a library, with the entries representing the items arranged in some systematic order.Ex: It is my understanding that the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition, (AACR2) will prescribe the same entry rules for all materials.Ex: An authority entry is an entry for which the initial element is the uniform heading for a person, corporate body, or work, as established by the cataloguing agency responsible.Ex: A new building will open in 1990, catering for 5 million stock items and 1,000 readers' seats.Ex: A record is a complete unit of information about a person, item, product, book, patient, chemical, etc. and in a computer-held data base a record is all the information contained relating to a document.Ex: In particular, a data base may be concerned to list separately individual periodical articles and single papers in conference proceedings.* acceso a los documentos = document delivery.* acción de guardar documentos = save.* ADONIS (Distribución automática de documentos a través de sistemas de inform = ADONIS (Automated Document Delivery Over Networked Information Systems).* análisis formal de documentos = markup [mark-up].* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de documentos públicos = record office.* área de datos específicos de la clase de documento = material (or type of publication) specific details area.* base de datos de documentos primarios = source database.* base de datos de documentos secundarios = reference database.* búsqueda de documento conocido = known-item search.* búsqueda de documentos concretos = item search.* Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).* circulación de documentos = flow of documents, stock circulation.* codificar un documento = mark up + document.* cola de documentos reservados y disponibles = held-document-available queue.* colección de documentos impresos = print collection.* colocación de los documentos de vuelta en los estantes = reshelving.* comprobación del documento = collating.* conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation.* conservador de documentos = records custodian.* contenido del documento = document content.* creación de documentos secundarios = surrogacy.* de acuerdo con este documento = hereunder.* del documento específico = document-related.* dependiente del documento = document-dependent.* depósito de documentos digitales = repository.* depósito de documentos electrónico = repository.* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* descripción del documento = document description.* designación específica de la clase de documento = specific material designation.* designación general de la clase de documento = general material designation.* difusión electrónica de documentos (DED) = electronic document delivery (EDD).* digitalización de documentos = document imaging.* distribución de documentos de préstamo interbibliotecario = interlibrary loan document delivery.* documento acreditativo de identidad = proof of identity.* documento administrativo público = public record.* documento base = discussion document.* documento científico = scholarly work.* documento citado = cited document.* documento citante = citing document.* documento compuesto = composite document, compound document.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* documento de autoridad archivística = archival authority record, archival authority record.* documento de consulta = discussion document.* documento de debate = discussion paper.* documento de imagen en movimiento = moving image document.* documento de opinión = discussion document.* documento de renuncia = waiver form.* documento derivado = derivative document.* documento de texto = textual document.* documento de trabajo = working document, working draft.* documento electrónico = electronic document, machine readable document, electronic record.* documento en papel = paper document.* documento estatal = state document.* documento fuente = host document, original document, parent document, source document.* documento hallado = match.* documento histórico = historical document, historical paper.* documento icónico = iconic document.* documento impreso = printout [print-out], paper document, print-off.* documento informativo = FYI (For Your Information).* documento interno = internal document.* documento legal = legal document.* documento legible por máquina = machine readable document.* documento literario = literary document.* documento matriz = master document.* documento multimedia = multimedia document (MD).* documento oficial = government document, official document, official record.* documento oficial municipal = municipal document.* documento origen = host document.* documento pictórico = image document.* documento primario = primary document, primary publication, primary source.* documento prohibido = banned title.* documento público = public document, municipal document.* documento recuperado = hit.* documento recuperado no pertinente = false drop.* documento reservado = held document.* documento secundario = derivative document, secondary document, secondary publication, surrogate, document surrogate.* documentos encontrados = posting.* documentos jurídicos = muniments.* documento sonoro = audio document.* documentos personales = personal papers.* documentos primarios = primary material, primary source material.* documentos producto de investigación = research materials.* documento técnico = technical document.* documento vencido = overdue, overdue document.* documento web = Web document.* dominado por el documento impreso = print-dominated.* encargado de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.* en este documento = herein, hereto.* enunciado de búsqueda de documentos multimedia = multimedia query.* enviar un documento = deliver + document.* específico del documento = document-related, document-specific.* etiqueta del documento = document label.* etiquetado de documentos = document markup.* experto en la confección de documentos web = text mark-up expert.* expurgo de documentos = records disposition.* fichero de registro por documento = item record file.* formato generalizado para la codificación de documentos web = generalised markup format.* gestión de documentos = document management, handling of documents, record(s) management, record keeping [recordkeeping].* gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management.* gestión de imágenes de documentos = document image management.* gestión electrónica de documentos = electronic record management.* gestión y conservación de documentos electrónicos = electronic document preservation and management.* grado de coincidencia entre el tema de un documento y el tema de búsqueda = topicality.* identificador del documento = document identifier.* imagen digital de un documento = digital image document.* índice de palabras del documento = textwords ratio.* índice de registro por documento = item record index.* lector de documentos = document scanner.* lenguaje para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup language.* mapa que se inserta en otro documento = inclusion map.* mercado de suministro de documentos = document supply market.* método de la Inversión de la Frecuencia de los Documentos (IDF) = Inverse Document Frequency model (IDF).* NAGARA (Asociación Nacional de Archiveros y Gestores de Documentos del Gobie = National Association of Government Archivists and Records Administrators (NAGARA).* número de documentos devueltos a los estantes = shelving statistics.* número de identificación del documento = library registration number.* número del documento = document identification number, document number.* número de referencia del documento = document reference number.* obsolescencia del documento = literature aging [literature ageing].* ordenar los documentos recuperados en orden de = rank + documents.* ordenar los documentos recuperados en orden de pertinencia = rank + document output.* palabra del documento = textword.* pantalla resumen del documento = document summary screen.* pedido de documento = document ordering.* petición de documentos = document delivery.* petición de documentos por el lector = document request.* producción de documentos = document production.* profesional encargado de la gestión de documentos = records professional.* publicación de documentos del gobierno = government publishing.* publicación de documentos oficiales = official publishing.* redactar un documento = draft + document.* red de suministro de documentos = document supply network.* registro de documento pedido = on-order record.* renovar el préstamo de un documento = renew + document.* reproducción de documentos = documentary reproduction.* responsable de la gestión de documentos = record(s) manager.* restauración de documentos = document restoration.* seguir la pista a un documento = chase + item.* seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.* selección de documentos = document selection, selection of documents.* servicio de entrega de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de petición de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de préstamo de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de suministro de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicio de transferencia de documentos = document delivery service (DDS).* servicios de documentos secundarios = secondary services.* servidor de documentos = document server.* servir un documento = deliver + document.* SGML (Lenguaje Estándar Universal para el Análisis Formal de Documentos) = SGML (Standard Generalised Markup Language).* sistema automatizado para la recuperación de documentos = computerised document retrieval system.* sistema de digitalización de documentos = document imaging system.* sistema de gestión de documentos = record(s) system.* sistema de gestión de documentos electrónicos = electronic document management system (EDMS).* sistema de petición de documentos = document delivery system.* sistema de suministro de documentos = document supply system.* sistema de transferencia de documentos = document delivery system.* sistema en el que el documento aparece representado en un único lugar del ín = one-place system.* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos = markup code.* sistema para el análisis formal de documentos web = markup system.* solicitar un documento = request + document.* suministro de documentos = document supply.* transferencia de documentos = document delivery.* tratamiento de documentos = document processing, document handling.* Tratamiento de Imágenes de Documentos (DIP) = Document Image Processing (DIP).* UNDEX (Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas) = UNDEX (United Nations Documents Index).* UNDI (Indice de Documentos de las Naciones Unidas) = UNDI (United Nations Documents Index).* vector de los documentos = document vector.* vida útil de un documento = shelf life.* XML (Lenguaje Extensible para el Análisis de Documentos) = XML (Extensible Markup Language).* * *no hay ningún documento que pruebe sus afirmaciones there is no documentary proof o evidence o there are no documents to support what he says¿lleva algún documento que pruebe su identidad? do you have any proof of identity?, do you have any (means of) identification?los documentos del coche the car documents2(testimonio): estas imágenes constituyen un documento de la situación allí these images bear witness to o are testimony to the situation theresus escritos son documentos valiosos para el historiador his writings are a valuable source of information for the historianCompuesto:( Esp) National Identity Card* * *
Del verbo documentar: ( conjugate documentar)
documento es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
documentó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
documentar
documento
documentar ( conjugate documentar) verbo transitivo
1 ‹trabajo/hipótesis/solicitud› to document
2 (Méx) ‹ equipaje› to check in
documentarse verbo pronominal
1 ( informarse) to do research
2 (Méx) [ pasajero] to check in
documento sustantivo masculino (Adm, Der, Inf) document;◊ documento adjunto (Corresp) enclosed document;
(Inf) attachment
documentar verbo transitivo to document
documento sustantivo masculino document
Esp Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI), Identification Card
' documento' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
anexa
- anexo
- archivo
- balance
- carta
- convalidar
- DNI
- expedir
- extender
- falsear
- fe
- hoja
- inicial
- licencia
- nómina
- nominativa
- nominativo
- oficial
- otorgar
- papel
- partida
- pergamino
- permiso
- pliego
- póliza
- posesión
- renovación
- renuncia
- resguardo
- romperse
- sacar
- testigo
- timbre
- título
- traslado
- visar
- adosar
- amañar
- aparecer
- apéndice
- autenticar
- auténtico
- autorizar
- avalar
- chueco
- concordar
- constar
- dicho
- duplicar
- ejemplar
English:
annexe
- attach
- attached
- circulate
- coerce
- copy
- document
- enclosure
- endorsement
- expiry
- ID
- look over
- look through
- private
- privileged
- produce
- production
- receipt
- record
- renew
- renewal
- rough
- seal
- secret
- send in
- stamp
- study
- tamper
- valid
- witness
- attachment
- exhibit
- identification
* * *documento nm1. [escrito] documentdocumento nacional de identidad identity card; Der documento privado private document; Der documento público public record o document; Der documento de venta bill of sale2. [testimonio] record;uno de los primeros documentos sonoros que existen one of the first sound recordings in existence;estas fotos son un documento gráfico de incalculable valor these photos are a visual record of incalculable value3. Informát document;guárdalo en Mis documentos save it in My documentsDOCUMENTO NACIONAL DE IDENTIDADIt is mandatory in many Spanish-speaking countries to carry a national identity card, or Documento Nacional de Identidad (DNI), showing the bearer's personal details and a photo. In Spain it is also called a carné, and all Spanish citizens have to carry one from the age of fourteen. The card is renewed every five or ten years at police stations, and must be shown to police upon demand. A similar document, the “Cédula (Nacional) de Identidad” is carried in Colombia, Paraguay, Uruguay, Venezuela, Argentina and Chile. In 2006 Spain began introducing an electronic identity card, which has a microchip containing the holder's personal details in digitized form.* * *m document* * *documento nm: document* * *documento n document -
11 archivo
m.1 archive (place).2 file (informe, ficha).3 file (computing).4 file cabinet, filing cabinet.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: archivar.* * *1 (informe, ficha) file3 INFORMÁTICA file4 (lugar) archive5 (archivador) filing cabinet* * *noun m.1) file2) archive3) record* * *SM1) (=sitio) archive, archives pl2) (=documentos)archivos policiales — police files, police records
3) (Inform) file4)de archivo — * (=viejo) ancient, out of the ark
5) And (=oficina) office* * *1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tbarchivos — archives (pl), archive
los archivos de la policía — the police files o records
2) (Inf) file* * *= archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.Ex. Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.Ex. The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.Ex. Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.Ex. The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex. Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.Ex. The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.Ex. Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.Ex. The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.Ex. Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.Ex. Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.----* administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.* administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.* almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.* archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo comprimido = zip file.* archivo de datos = database [data base].* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de empresa = business archives.* archivo de escuela = school records.* archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.* archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.* Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.* archivo de oficina = office file.* archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.* archivo de periódico = news library.* archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.* archivo de programas = programme file.* archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].* archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.* archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].* archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.* archivo eclesiástico = church register.* archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.* archivo estatal = state archive.* archivo étnico = ethnic archives.* archivo familiar = estate archive.* archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.* archivo histórico = historical archives.* archivo ministerial = departmental records.* archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.* archivo nacional = national archives.* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).* archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.* archivo particular = family archive.* archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.* archivo plano = flat file.* archivo presidencial = presidential archive.* archivo privado = private archives.* archivo provincial = provincial archives.* archivo público = public archive.* archivo regional = regional archives.* archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.* archivo sonoro = sound archive.* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).* comprimir un archivo = zip + file.* Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* conservar en archivo = archive.* copia de archivo = archival print.* de archivo = archival, archive.* depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.* descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* disco de archivo = archival disc.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* gestión de archivos = management of records.* gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.* grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.* historia de los archivos = archival history.* información de archivo = archival information.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* material de archivo = archival material, archive material.* nombre de archivo = file name.* nombre del archivo = data set name.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.* pieza de archivo = archival file.* preservación de archivos = archival preservation.* Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).* reproducción de archivo = archival print.* seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.* sistema de archivo = archiving system.* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* vida de archivo = archival life.* * *1) ( local) archive; ( conjunto de documentos) tbarchivos — archives (pl), archive
los archivos de la policía — the police files o records
2) (Inf) file* * *= archive(s), archives, file, filing, filing cabinet, repository, vertical file, archiving, working file, archival institution, archive office.Ex: Archives are set of non-current archival documents preserved, with or without selection, by those responsible for their creation or by their successors for their own use or by other organizations because of their enduring value.
Ex: The organization for the acquisition and preservation of archives and placing them at the disposal of users is known as archives.Ex: Information is held in files or databases, which are comprised of records, which in turn are comprised of fields or data items, which again may be comprised of subfields or data elements.Ex: The schedule allows the filing of photographs under headings that designate photographic processes or apparatus.Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.Ex: Repositories have broad mandates to acquire records, including business records, of cultural and historical importance to their respective communities.Ex: The fugitive literature of acid rain: making use of nonconventional information sources in a vertical file.Ex: Duplicating, archiving, and the option of computerised indexing is also discussed = También se trata de la duplicación, archivo y de la opción de indización automática.Ex: The archives contain mainly the Papal working files of other days.Ex: Archival institutions are outstripping libraries in the establishment of shops for the curative treatment of holdings.Ex: Powys is a very large, thinly populated, mountainous county in Wales where the archive office was established only in 1990.* administración de archivos = archive(s) administration.* administrativo encargado de los archivos = file clerk.* almacenamiento de archivo = archival storage.* archivo administrativo = record office, administrative archives, administrative library.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo comprimido = zip file.* archivo de datos = database [data base].* archivo de documentos administrativos = public record office.* archivo de empresa = business archives.* archivo de escuela = school records.* archivo de funeraria = funeral home library.* archivo de imágenes = image archiving, picture file.* Archivo del Vaticano, el = Vatican Archives, the, Vatican Archives, the.* archivo de oficina = office file.* archivo de ordenador = computer file, machine-readable data file.* archivo de periódico = news library.* archivo de prensa = newspaper morgue.* archivo de programas = programme file.* archivo de recortes = clipping file [cuttings file, -UK], cuttings file [clipping file, -USA].* archivo de recortes de prensa = newspaper clippings archives.* archivo de recursos electrónico = electronic repository [e-repository].* archivo de sindicato = trade-union archive.* archivo eclesiástico = church register.* archivo electrónico = machine-readable data file.* archivo estatal = state archive.* archivo étnico = ethnic archives.* archivo familiar = estate archive.* archivo fotográfico = picture archive, photographic library.* archivo histórico = historical archives.* archivo ministerial = departmental records.* archivo municipal = municipal archives, city archive.* archivo nacional = national archives.* Archivo Nacional Americano = United States National Archives.* archivo parlamentario = parliamentary archive(s).* archivo parroquial = parish register, parish records.* archivo particular = family archive.* archivo personal = private archives, personal archive(s), personal records.* archivo plano = flat file.* archivo presidencial = presidential archive.* archivo privado = private archives.* archivo provincial = provincial archives.* archivo público = public archive.* archivo regional = regional archives.* archivo senatorial = senatorial papers.* archivo sonoro = sound archive.* Asociación Internacional de Archivos Sonoros (IASA) = International Association of Sound Archives (IASA).* comprimir un archivo = zip + file.* Consejo Internacional de Archivos (CIA) = International Council on Archives (ICA).* conservación de archivos = archival preservation.* conservador del archivo = archives custodian.* conservar en archivo = archive.* copia de archivo = archival print.* de archivo = archival, archive.* depósito de archivo = archival depot, archives depot.* descomprimir un archivo = unzip + file.* Descripción de Archivos Codificada (EAD) = Encoded Archival Description (EAD).* descripción de documentos de archivo = archival description.* disco de archivo = archival disc.* documento de archivo = archival document, archival record, archival file, archival print.* gestión de archivos = management of records.* gestión de archivos personales = personal archives management, personal records management.* grabaciones filmadas de archivo = library footage, stock footage.* historia de los archivos = archival history.* información de archivo = archival information.* la Biblioteca y el Archivo de Canadá = Library and Archives Canada.* Manual de Descripción de Archivos = Manual of Archival Description (MAD).* material de archivo = archival material, archive material.* nombre de archivo = file name.* nombre del archivo = data set name.* Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).* Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).* ordenación en archivos = vertical filing.* pieza de archivo = archival file.* preservación de archivos = archival preservation.* Programa de Gestión de Registros y Archivos (RAMP) = Records and Archives Management Programme (RAMP).* reproducción de archivo = archival print.* seleccionador de documentación de archivo = archival appraiser.* sistema de archivo = archiving system.* Sistema de Comunicaciones y de Archivo Fotográfico (PACS) = Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS).* unidad de archivos de ordenador múltiples = multi-file item.* vida de archivo = archival life.* * *A1 (local) archivearchivos archives (pl), archivelos archivos de la policía the police files o recordsCompuesto:picture libraryB ( Inf) fileCompuestos:zip filesignature fileswap filesource file● archivo or fichero de autoridadmaster file● archivo MP3 or emepetresMP3 filezip file* * *
Del verbo archivar: ( conjugate archivar)
archivo es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
archivó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
archivar
archivo
archivar ( conjugate archivar) verbo transitivo ‹ documentos› to file;
‹investigación/asunto› ( por un tiempo) to shelve;
( para siempre) to close the file on
archivo sustantivo masculino
( conjunto de documentos) tb
los archivos de la policía the police files o recordsb) (Inf) file
archivar verbo transitivo
1 (guardar) to file (away)
2 (considerar concluido) to shelve
3 Inform to save
archivo sustantivo masculino
1 (documento) file
2 (archivador) filing cabinet
3 (edificio, lugar) archives pl: me pasé la mañana entera en el archivo municipal, I spent the morning at the city archives
' archivo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
filmoteca
- borrar
- constar
- FTP
- kárdex
English:
file
- record
- archive
- mug
* * *archivo nm1. [lugar] archive;TVimágenes de archivo library picturesel Archivo de Indias = archive in Seville storing documents relating to the administration of Spain's colonial empire2. [documentos] archives3. Informát filearchivo adjunto attachment;archivo ejecutable executable file;archivo invisible invisible file;archivo oculto hidden file;archivo temporal temporary file;archivo de texto text file* * *m1 archive2 INFOR file* * *archivo nm1) : file2) : archive, archives pl* * *archivo n (de policía, informática) file -
12 británico
adj.British, Briton, Britannic.m.Briton, Britisher.* * *► adjetivo1 British► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 British person, Briton, Britisher* * *(f. - británica)noun adj.* * *británico, -a1.ADJ British2.SM / F British person, Briton, Britisher (EEUU)* * *I- ca adjetivo BritishII- ca masculino, femenino British person, Britonlos británicos — the British, British people
* * *= British, UK, Brit, Briton.Ex. From 1972 to 1974, he was attached to the British Library Planning Secretariat.Ex. This is a contribution to a thematic issue on microcomputers in UK government libraries.Ex. IFLA-goers joined throngs of Brits to watch the military tattoo as kilted bagpipers and military units from around the world displayed their musical and marching skills.Ex. As many as 15 million Britons are using credit cards in the struggle to keep up appearances as they mistakenly consider themselves to be middle class.----* adiestrado por británicos = British-trained.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* Asociación de Archiveros Británicos = Society of Archivists.* Bibliografía Nacional Británica (BNB) = British National Bibliography (BNB).* BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).* BTI (Indice Británico de Tecnología) = BTI (British Technology Index).* Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).* ciudadano británico = Briton.* Columbia Británica = British Columbia.* Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).* Compañía de Telecomunicaciones Británica = British Telecom (BT).* Consejo Británico (BC) = British Council (BC).* División de Préstamo de la Biblioteca Británica (BLLD) = British Library Lending Division (BLLD).* División de Servicios Bibliográficos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLBSD) = British Library Bibliographic Services Division (BLBSD).* Enciclopedia Británica, la = Encyclopaedia Britannica, the, Britannica, the.* formado por británicos = British-trained.* fuerzas aéreas británicas = RAF [Royal Air Force].* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).* Islas Británicas, las = British Isles, the.* Libros Británicos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbacks in Print.* Libros Británicos en Venta = British Books in Print.* Mancomunidad Británica de Naciones, la = Commonwealth, the.* MARC de la Bibliografía Nacional Británica = BNB MARC.* Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.* Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.* Tesauro Británico de Educación = British Educational Thesaurus (BET).* * *I- ca adjetivo BritishII- ca masculino, femenino British person, Britonlos británicos — the British, British people
* * *= British, UK, Brit, Briton.Ex: From 1972 to 1974, he was attached to the British Library Planning Secretariat.
Ex: This is a contribution to a thematic issue on microcomputers in UK government libraries.Ex: IFLA-goers joined throngs of Brits to watch the military tattoo as kilted bagpipers and military units from around the world displayed their musical and marching skills.Ex: As many as 15 million Britons are using credit cards in the struggle to keep up appearances as they mistakenly consider themselves to be middle class.* adiestrado por británicos = British-trained.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* Asociación de Archiveros Británicos = Society of Archivists.* Bibliografía Nacional Británica (BNB) = British National Bibliography (BNB).* BLAISE (Servicio de Información Automatizada de la Biblioteca Británica) = BLAISE (British Library Automated Information Service).* BTI (Indice Británico de Tecnología) = BTI (British Technology Index).* Centro de Distribución de Documentos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLDSC) = British Library Document Supply Centre (BLDSC).* ciudadano británico = Briton.* Columbia Británica = British Columbia.* Comité de las Universidades Británicas sobre Películas y Vídeos (BUFVC) = British Universities Film and Video Council (BUFVC).* Compañía de Telecomunicaciones Británica = British Telecom (BT).* Consejo Británico (BC) = British Council (BC).* División de Préstamo de la Biblioteca Británica (BLLD) = British Library Lending Division (BLLD).* División de Servicios Bibliográficos de la Biblioteca Británica (BLBSD) = British Library Bibliographic Services Division (BLBSD).* Enciclopedia Británica, la = Encyclopaedia Britannica, the, Britannica, the.* formado por británicos = British-trained.* fuerzas aéreas británicas = RAF [Royal Air Force].* Institución Británica para la Normalización (BSI) = British Standard Institution (BSI).* Islas Británicas, las = British Isles, the.* Libros Británicos en Rústica en Venta = Paperbacks in Print.* Libros Británicos en Venta = British Books in Print.* Mancomunidad Británica de Naciones, la = Commonwealth, the.* MARC de la Bibliografía Nacional Británica = BNB MARC.* Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.* Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.* Tesauro Británico de Educación = British Educational Thesaurus (BET).* * *Britishmasculine, femininelos británicos the British, British people* * *
británico◊ -ca adjetivo
British
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
British person, Briton;
los británicos the British, British people
británico,-a
I adjetivo British
las Islas Británicas, the British Isles
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 Briton
2 los británicos, the British
' británico' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
billón
- británica
- señor
- baño
- inglés
- médula
- tener
English:
absent
- born
- Brit
- British
- decline
- imperial mile
- practice
- practise
- redcoat
- through
- unionist
- answer
- Britisher
- Briton
- Downing Street
- home
* * *británico, -a♦ adjBritish♦ nm,fBritish person, Briton;los británicos the British* * *I adj BritishII m, británica f Briton, Brit fam* * *británico, -ca adj: Britishbritánico, -ca n1) : British person2)los británicos : the British* * *británico1 adj Britishbritánico2 n Briton -
13 público2
2 = public, publicly held.Ex. Data-capture units are light pens, and such units can be made available at various locations in the library for public consultation.Ex. The article 'Time to climb off the fence' discusses the policy concerning publicly held data both in the USA and Europe.----* administración pública = public administration.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* alteración del orden público = disorderly conduct, public order offence, breach of the peace.* alterar el orden público = breach + the peace, disturb + the peace.* alto cargo público = senior public official.* alumbrado público = street lighting.* ámbito público, el = public sector, the.* ante la opinión pública = in the public eye.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo de documentos públicos = record office.* asamblea pública = public meeting.* aseo público = public restroom.* asuntos públicos = public affairs.* auditor público = public auditor.* autoridad pública = senior public official.* azotamiento público = public whipping.* beneficio público = public interest.* biblioteca pública = public library, public library service.* bono de transporte público = travel card.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* castigo público = public whipping.* concurso público = bidding, tender, tender procedure, tendering, tendering procedure, tendering process.* concurso público de licitación = competitive tendering.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* convocatoria pública = tender, tender procedure, tendering, bid, tendering procedure, tendering process.* cultura pública = public culture.* debate público = public debate.* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.* derecho público = public law.* desorden público = public disorder.* de titularidad pública = government-owned, state-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported.* dinero público = public tax money.* dinero público, el = public's dollars, the.* dirigente público = senior public official.* discurso público = public speech.* edificio público = municipal building, public building.* empresa de servicios públicos = utility company, public utility.* empresa pública = public firm.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* enemigo público = public enemy.* enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.* en público = publicly, in public.* escándalo público = public scandal.* esfera pública, la = public sphere, the.* espacio público = public area, commons.* espacio público común = commons.* fijar una nota en un sitio públ = post.* financiado con dinero público = publicly financed.* fuerzas del orden público = police force.* fundación de beneficiencia pública = public trust.* gasto público = government spending, government expenditure.* hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.* hacer público = make + public, proclaim, publicise [publicize, -USA], go + public, issue + statement.* hacerse público = go + live, go + public, come out in + the open.* huelga del transporte público = public transport strike.* imagen pública = public image.* indignación pública = public outrage.* influir en la opinión pública = influence + public opinion.* ingresos públicos provenientes del petróleo = oil revenues.* institución pública = public institution.* interés público = public interest.* jardín público = public garden.* lo público = publicness.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mercado público = public market.* módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.* monumento público conmemorativo = public memorial.* notario público = notary.* NYPL (Biblioteca Pública de Nueva York) = NYPL (New York Public Library).* obras públicas = public works.* opinión pública, la = public mind, the.* ordenadores de uso público = PAWS (Public access workstations).* orden público = public order.* organismo de beneficiencia pública = public trust.* organismo público = public body.* organizar un acto público = organise + function.* parque público = public park.* pegar una nota en un sitio público = post.* peligro público = public danger.* personaje público = public figure.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* protesta pública = public protest.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), public liaison.* reunión pública = public meeting.* reyerta pública = affray.* sacar a concurso público = tender for, tender out.* sacar a convocatoria pública = tender for, tender out, bid.* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios en público = air + dirty linen in public.* sector público, el = public sector, the.* seguridad pública = public safety.* servicio público = amenity, utility service.* sistema de transporte público = public transport system.* sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.* transporte local público = local public transport.* transporte público = public transportation.* transporte urbano público = local public transport.* turbar el orden público = disturb + the peace, breach + the peace.* uso público en la propia biblioteca = in-library use.* vereda pública = public footpath.* vida pública = public life.* zona pública = public area. -
14 público
adj.public, open, overt, communal.m.public, paying spectators, assistance, audience.* * *► adjetivo1 public\en público in publichacer público,-a (comunicado) to announce (publicly)ser del dominio público to be common knowledgeser un peligro público to be a public nuisanceel gran público the general publicopinión pública public opinion————————* * *1. (f. - pública)adj.2. noun m.* * *1. ADJ1) (=de los ciudadanos, del Estado) [transporte, teléfono, organismo, gasto] publicla gravedad de la situación es de dominio público — the seriousness of the situation is public knowledge
•
colegio público — state school•
es un peligro público en la carretera — he is a danger to the public, he's a public menace on the roads *administración 1), deuda 2), opinión, sector•
la vía pública — the street, the public highway frm2) (=no íntimo) [acto, escándalo] public•
hacer algo público — to make sth publicrelación 4)•
su incompetencia fue pública y notoria — his incompetence was blatantly obvious o was plain for all to see2. SM1) (=audiencia) (Mús, Teat) audience; (Dep, Taur) spectators pl, crowd; (TV) [en el plató] audience; [en casa] viewers pl, audienceapta para todos los públicos — certificate U, G movie (EEUU)
el estadio estaba lleno de público — the stadium was full of spectators, there was a big crowd in the stadium
un programa con gran audiencia de público — a programme with a large number of viewers o a large audience
•
en público — [actuar, hablar] in public; [actuación, presentación, aparición] publicun programa de televisión dirigido al público infantil — a television programme for children o aimed at a children's audience
público objetivo — (Com) target customers pl ; (TV) target audience
2) (=seguidores)a) [de periódico, escritor] readers pl, readershipno es lo que quiere nuestro público — it's not what our readers want o our readership wants
b) [de cantante] fans pl3) [de oficina, banco, museo]horario de atención al público — [en bancos] hours of business; [en tiendas] opening hours
* * *Iadjetivo publicIIasistió poco público al partido — few people attended the game, there were few spectators at the game
horario de atención al público — ( en oficinas públicas) opening hours; ( en bancos) hours of business
la exposición está abierta al público — the exhibit (AmE) o (BrE) exhibition is open to the public
película apta para todos los públicos or (CS) para todo público — `G' movie (AmE), `U' film (BrE)
un manual escrito para el gran público — a manual written for the layperson o non-specialist
salir al público — (Andes) periódico/revista to come out, appear; noticia/información to be published
* * *Iadjetivo publicIIasistió poco público al partido — few people attended the game, there were few spectators at the game
horario de atención al público — ( en oficinas públicas) opening hours; ( en bancos) hours of business
la exposición está abierta al público — the exhibit (AmE) o (BrE) exhibition is open to the public
película apta para todos los públicos or (CS) para todo público — `G' movie (AmE), `U' film (BrE)
un manual escrito para el gran público — a manual written for the layperson o non-specialist
salir al público — (Andes) periódico/revista to come out, appear; noticia/información to be published
* * *público11 = audience, public.Nota: Nombre.Ex: Various publishers have reputations for specific styles, subject areas or works for specific audiences.
* abierto al público = open for public viewing.* accesible por el público en general = publicly accessible.* contacto con el público = public contact.* dedicado al público = public-oriented.* del público asistente = from the floor.* derecho sobre el préstamo al público (PLR) = public lending right (PLR).* dirigido al público = public-oriented.* disponible al público en general = publicly available.* dosiers de información para el público = self-help pack of information.* éxito de público = blockbuster.* horario de apertura al público = banking hours.* horario de atención al público = opening hours, hours of operation, banking hours.* mantenerse alejado de la mirada del público = shun + the public eye, keep out of + the public eye.* mostrador de atención al público = service desk, public service desk, service counter.* nivel del público = audience level.* no estar expuesto al público = be out of the public eye.* precio de venta al público = cover price, list price, listed price.* precio de venta al público (P.V.P.) = retail price.* público adulto = adult audience.* público al que va dirigido = intended audience, subject audience, target audience, targeted audience.* público en general = broader audience, broad audience, broad public, broader public.* público en general, el = general public, the.* público específico = niche audience.* público fiel = devoted audience.* público joven = young audience.* público obligado a escuchar = captive audience.* servir a un público de = serve + a population of.* tiempo durante el cual el ordenador no está disponible al público = down time.* venta directa al público = sale + over the counter.público22 = public, publicly held.Ex: Data-capture units are light pens, and such units can be made available at various locations in the library for public consultation.
Ex: The article 'Time to climb off the fence' discusses the policy concerning publicly held data both in the USA and Europe.* administración pública = public administration.* a juicio público = in the public eye.* a la opinión pública = in the public eye.* alteración del orden público = disorderly conduct, public order offence, breach of the peace.* alterar el orden público = breach + the peace, disturb + the peace.* alto cargo público = senior public official.* alumbrado público = street lighting.* ámbito público, el = public sector, the.* ante la opinión pública = in the public eye.* Archivo Británico de Documentos Públicos = British Public Record Office.* archivo de documentos públicos = record office.* asamblea pública = public meeting.* aseo público = public restroom.* asuntos públicos = public affairs.* auditor público = public auditor.* autoridad pública = senior public official.* azotamiento público = public whipping.* beneficio público = public interest.* biblioteca pública = public library, public library service.* bono de transporte público = travel card.* campaña de relaciones públicas = public relations campaign.* castigo público = public whipping.* concurso público = bidding, tender, tender procedure, tendering, tendering procedure, tendering process.* concurso público de licitación = competitive tendering.* con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].* convocatoria pública = tender, tender procedure, tendering, bid, tendering procedure, tendering process.* cultura pública = public culture.* debate público = public debate.* de carácter público = state-owned, government-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported, publicly held.* derecho público = public law.* desorden público = public disorder.* de titularidad pública = government-owned, state-owned, state-run, government-run, publicly owned [publicly-owned], publicly supported.* dinero público = public tax money.* dinero público, el = public's dollars, the.* dirigente público = senior public official.* discurso público = public speech.* edificio público = municipal building, public building.* empresa de servicios públicos = utility company, public utility.* empresa pública = public firm.* encargado de relaciones públicas = public liaison.* enemigo público = public enemy.* enemigo público número uno = public enemy number one.* en público = publicly, in public.* escándalo público = public scandal.* esfera pública, la = public sphere, the.* espacio público = public area, commons.* espacio público común = commons.* fijar una nota en un sitio públ = post.* financiado con dinero público = publicly financed.* fuerzas del orden público = police force.* fundación de beneficiencia pública = public trust.* gasto público = government spending, government expenditure.* hablar en público = public speaking, speak in + public.* hacer público = make + public, proclaim, publicise [publicize, -USA], go + public, issue + statement.* hacerse público = go + live, go + public, come out in + the open.* huelga del transporte público = public transport strike.* imagen pública = public image.* indignación pública = public outrage.* influir en la opinión pública = influence + public opinion.* ingresos públicos provenientes del petróleo = oil revenues.* institución pública = public institution.* interés público = public interest.* jardín público = public garden.* lo público = publicness.* mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.* mercado público = public market.* módulo de catálogo de acceso público en línea = online public access catalogue module.* monumento público conmemorativo = public memorial.* notario público = notary.* NYPL (Biblioteca Pública de Nueva York) = NYPL (New York Public Library).* obras públicas = public works.* opinión pública, la = public mind, the.* ordenadores de uso público = PAWS (Public access workstations).* orden público = public order.* organismo de beneficiencia pública = public trust.* organismo público = public body.* organizar un acto público = organise + function.* parque público = public park.* pegar una nota en un sitio público = post.* peligro público = public danger.* personaje público = public figure.* poner una nota en un sitio público = post.* protesta pública = public protest.* relaciones públicas = public relations (PR), public liaison.* reunión pública = public meeting.* reyerta pública = affray.* sacar a concurso público = tender for, tender out.* sacar a convocatoria pública = tender for, tender out, bid.* sacar a relucir los trapos sucios en público = air + dirty linen in public.* sector público, el = public sector, the.* seguridad pública = public safety.* servicio público = amenity, utility service.* sistema de transporte público = public transport system.* sistema de videotexto público = public viewdata system.* transporte local público = local public transport.* transporte público = public transportation.* transporte urbano público = local public transport.* turbar el orden público = disturb + the peace, breach + the peace.* uso público en la propia biblioteca = in-library use.* vereda pública = public footpath.* vida pública = public life.* zona pública = public area.* * *1 ‹transporte/teléfono/bienestar› public; ‹acto/lugar/establecimiento› publicconduciendo es un peligro público he's a public menace o a danger to the public when he's behind the wheel3 (conocido por todos) ‹escándalo› publiccuando hicieron pública la fecha when they announced the date, when they made the date public4 ‹vida› publicasistió muy poco público al partido very few people attended the game, there were very few spectators at the gamese concentró gran cantidad de público frente al palacio a great crowd gathered in front of the palace[ S ] horario de atención al público (en oficinas públicas) opening hours; (en bancos) hours of businesspelículas aptas para todos los públicos or (CS) para todo público `G' movies ( AmE), `U' films ( BrE)la obra está pensada para un público joven the play is aimed at a young audienceel público televidente or telespectador the (television) viewing publicsu público le ha permanecido fiel a través de los años her fans have remained loyal to her over the yearsel público en general the general publicun programa para un público que quiere mantenerse informado a program for people who want to keep informeduna revista para un público muy especializado a magazine aimed at a very specialized readershipun libro de ordenadores escrito para el gran público a book on computers written for the layperson o non-specialistescribe novelas destinadas a complacer al gran público she writes popular fictionse pone muy nervioso cuando habla en público he gets very nervous when he has to speak in publicno le gusta tocar el piano en público she doesn't like playing the piano in front of an audiencesalir al público ( Andes) «periódico/revista» to come out, appear, be published;«noticia/información» to be published* * *
Del verbo publicar: ( conjugate publicar)
publico es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
publicó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
Multiple Entries:
publicar
público
publicar ( conjugate publicar) verbo transitivo
público 1◊ -ca adjetivo
public;
hacer público algo to announce sth;
es un peligro público he's a danger to the public
público 2 sustantivo masculino ( en teatro) audience, public;
(Dep) spectators (pl);
( on signs) horario de atención al público ( en oficinas públicas) opening hours;
( en bancos) hours of business;
el público en general the general public;
en público ‹ hablar› in public;
‹cantar/bailar› in front of an audience;
[noticia/información] to be published
publicar verbo transitivo
1 (libro, etc) to publish: publicó su primera novela, she published her first novel
2 (divulgar) to publicize
público,-a
I adjetivo
1 public
hacer público algo, to announce sthg
2 (de control estatal) public
una biblioteca pública, a public library
un colegio público, a state school
una empresa pública, a state-owned company
II sustantivo masculino
1 public: el museo cierra al público los lunes, the museum closes to the public on Mondays
una película para todos los públicos, a film suitable for the general public
2 Cine Teat audience
3 (en deporte) crowd, spectators pl
4 (de publicaciones) readership
♦ Locuciones: en público, in public
ser de dominio público, to be common knowledge
' público' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abarrotar
- acto
- afluencia
- alteración
- alumbrada
- alumbrado
- antro
- atizar
- audiencia
- auditorio
- cachondeo
- colegio
- concurrencia
- conocer
- consejo
- conserje
- desalojo
- desarrollarse
- desorden
- dominio
- electrizar
- encantar
- enmudecer
- erario
- expectante
- farol
- funcionaria
- funcionario
- galería
- íntima
- íntimo
- mezclarse
- opositor
- opositora
- parque
- peligro
- portera
- portero
- privada
- privado
- publicar
- pública
- PVP
- reparo
- revisor
- revisora
- sala
- sector
- sentenciar
- sombra
English:
address
- Amtrak
- appear
- appearance
- applaud
- appreciative
- arouse
- audience
- boo
- breach
- break
- cannon
- clinic
- coinbox
- come on
- crowd
- curtail
- declare
- decree
- disorder
- disorderly
- disturb
- domain
- general public
- grip
- hiss
- hoot
- lavatory
- mainstream
- menace
- open
- out
- pay phone
- phone-in
- pitch
- promenade concert
- public
- public convenience
- public funds
- publicize
- purse
- release
- request
- responsive
- restricted
- retail
- retail price
- roar
- speaker
- state
* * *público, -a♦ adj1. [colegio, transporte, teléfono, servicio] public;en público in public;no le gusta hablar en público she doesn't like speaking in public;hacer algo público to make sth public;personaje público public figure;un acto público en honor al escritor fallecido a public ceremony in honour of the late writer;ese andamio es un peligro público that scaffolding is a danger to the public;eso es de dominio público that's public knowledge2. [del Estado] public;el sector público the public sector;un funcionario público a public sector worker3. [conocido] public;ser público to be common knowledge♦ nm1. [en espectáculo] audience;[en encuentro deportivo] crowd;una película dirigida al público infantil a movie aimed at young audiences;[película] Br ≈ U, US ≈ G;muy poco público asistió al encuentro very few people attended the game;tiene un público fiel she has a loyal following2. [comunidad] public;el gran público the (general) public;abierto al público open to the public* * *I adj public; escuela public, Brstate;hacer público make public, announce;hacerse público become public o knownel gran público the general public;en público in public* * *público, -ca adj: public♦ públicamente advpúblico nm1) : public2) : audience, spectators pl* * *público1 adj1. (en general) public2. (del Estado) statepúblico2 n1. (en general) public2. (en un cine, teatro, etc) audience3. (en un estadio, etc) crowd / spectators -
15 Archivo Nacional Americano
Ex. The United States National Archives is the equivalent of the British Public Record Office and its principal bibliographic publications are National Archives Accessions and Guide to the Records in the National Archives.* * *Ex: The United States National Archives is the equivalent of the British Public Record Office and its principal bibliographic publications are National Archives Accessions and Guide to the Records in the National Archives.
-
16 PRO
PRO [‚pi:ɑ:'rəʊ] -
17 casa
f.1 house (edificio).ser de andar por casa to be simple o basic (sencillo)echar o tirar la casa por la ventana (figurative) to spare no expenseempezar la casa por el tejado to put the cart before the horsecasa Blanca White Housecasa de campo country housecasa particular private housecasa Rosada = Argentinian presidential palace (en Argentina)casa solariega ancestral home, family seatcasa unifamiliar = house (usually detached) on an estate2 home.en casa at home¿está tu hermano en casa? is your brother at home?buscar casa to look for somewhere to livecambiarse o mudarse de casa to move (house)ir a casa to go homepásate por mi casa come round to my place3 family (familia).casa real royal family4 company (establecimiento).¡invita la casa! it's on the house!especialidad/vino de la casa house specialty/winecasa de apuestas betting shopcasa de citas brothelcasa de comidas = cheap restaurant serving simple mealscasa discográfica record companycasa de empeño pawnshop¡esto es una casa de locos! (figurative) this place is a madhouse!casa de socorro first-aid post5 home (sport).jugar en casa to play at homejugar fuera de casa to play away (from home)el equipo de casa the home team6 business.7 CASA, Summit of the Americas Welcoming Committee.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: casar.* * *1 (vivienda) house2 (piso) flat3 (edificio) building4 (hogar) home5 (familia) family6 (linaje) house7 (empresa) firm, company\buscar casa to go house-huntingcaerse la casa encima figurado not to be able to stand being in the housecomo Pedro por su casa figurado as if he (she, you, etc) owned the placeechar la casa por la ventana / tirar la casa por la ventana figurado to spare no expense, push the boat outempezar la casa por el tejado figurado to put the cart before the horsehacer la casa familiar to do the houseworkjugar en casa DEPORTE to play at homellevar la casa figurado to run the houseno parar en casa to never be at homeno salir de casa not to go outpasar por casa to come round, come overponer casa to set up houseser muy de casa figurado to be home-lovingcasa de citas eufemístico brothelcasa de comidas eating housecasa de empeños pawnshopcasa de huéspedes boarding housecasa de juego gambling housecasa de modas fashion housecasa de pisos block of flatscasa de socorro first aid postcasa matriz / casa principal COMERCIO head office, central officela casa de Tócame Roque familiar bedlam* * *noun f.1) house2) home3) household4) firm, company* * *SF ABR Esp= Construcciones Aeronáuticas, S.A.* * *1)a) ( vivienda) houseb) ( hogar) homea los 18 años se fue de casa or (AmL) de la casa — she left home at 18
no está nunca en casa or (AmL) en la casa — he's never (at) home
¿estarás en casa esta tarde? — will you be at home o in this afternoon?
¿por qué no pasas por casa or (AmL) por la casa? — why don't you drop in o by?
lo invito a cenar a su casa de usted — (Méx) please come over to dinner
vivo en Lomas 38, su casa de usted — (Méx) I live at number 38 Lomas, where you will always be most welcome
le ha puesto casa a su querida — he's set his mistress up in a house (o an apartment etc)
de or para andar por casa — < vestido> for wearing around the house; <definición/terminología> crude, rough
se me/se le vino la casa encima — the bottom fell out of my/her world
como Pedro por su casa — as if you/he/she owned the place (colloq)
como una casa — (fam)
una mentira como una casa — a whopping great lie (colloq), a whopper (colloq)
echar or tirar la casa por la ventana — to push the boat out
empezar la casa por el tejado — to put the cart before the horse
en la casa de la Guayaba (Méx fam) — miles away (colloq)
ser muy de su casa — ( hogareño) to be very homeloving; ( hacendoso) to be very houseproud
en casa del herrero, cuchillo de palo — the shoemaker's son always goes barefoot
2) (Com)a) ( empresa) company, firm (BrE)b) (bar, restaurante)especialidad de la casa — house specialty (AmE), speciality of the house (BrE)
3) ( dinastía) house4)a) (Dep)b) (Jueg) home•* * *= home, house, household, townhouse [town-house], home front.Ex. It is recommended for a variety of applications, amongst which are records of suppliers, staff, household possessions and so on, and is likely to find users in both the home and business worlds.Ex. Qualifiers function as an integral part of the index terms, so that terms of the form 'Moving ( House)', 'Mergers (Industrial)' are created and used.Ex. For the two-car family, living in the countryside can present few problems, but most households are not in such an advantageous position.Ex. In comparing the residential experiences of single-family dwelling inhabitants with those living in townhouses, duplexes, & apartments, only apartment dwellers seem to experience adverse effects.Ex. The ongoing threat of terrorist attacks on North American soil and assets abroad, have brought asymmetric warfare to the home front.----* alfabetización en casa = family literacy.* ama de casa = housewife [housewives, -pl.], homemaker, housekeeper.* amo de casa = homemaker.* artículos de la casa = household goods.* asuntos de la casa, los = home affairs.* banco en casa = home banking.* barrer para casa = look after + number one, feather + Posesivo/the + nest.* bata de casa = housedress.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* casa adosada = terrace(d) house, terrace(d) home, townhouse [town-house], semidetached house, duplex, duplex house.* casa alquilada = house let.* casa ancestral = ancestral home.* Casa Blanca, la = White House, the.* casa comercial = house.* casa consistorial = civic hall.* casa de acogida = shelter home, foster home.* casa de beneficiencia = almshouse.* casa de campo = holiday home, country residence.* casa de empeño = pawnshop, hock shop [hockshop].* casa de huéspedes = guesthouse [guest house], bed and breakfast (B&B).* casa de ladrillos de adobe = mud-brick house.* casa de la moneda = mint.* casa de la playa = beach house.* casa del guarda = lodge.* casa de locos = lunatic asylum, madhouse, bedlam.* casa de los locos = asylum, mental asylum, madhouse.* casa del párroco = parsonage house, parsonage.* casa de madera = log house, wood house.* casa de maternidad = maternity home.* casa de muñecas = doll's house.* casa de oficios = vocational school.* casa de pisos = tenement, apartment block, apartment building, apartment complex.* casa de placer = house of pleasure, house of pleasure.* casa de putas = brothel, bawdy house [bawdyhouse].* casa de té = teahouse.* casa de tres plantas = three-storeyed house.* casa de troncos de madera = log house.* casa de vacaciones = vacation home.* casa de veraneo = holiday home.* casa editorial = publishing house.* casa frecuentada por los espíritus = haunted house.* casa móvil = mobile home.* casa pareada = duplex, duplex house.* casa parroquial = parsonage house, parsonage.* casa particular = private home.* casa piloto = show home, show house.* casa prefabricada = manufactured home, prefabricated house.* casa proveedora = components supplier.* casa remolque = mobile home.* casa rural = farmhouse.* casa rústica = cottage.* casa señorial = manor house, stately home.* casa social = community house.* casa solariega = ancestral home, country house, stately home, manor house.* cine en casa = home theatre, home cinema.* cocinero de casa = home cook.* comer en casa = eat in.* como en casa = like home (away) from home.* como en casa no se está en ningún sitio = there's no place like home.* compra desde casa = armchair shopping.* confinado a la casa = housebound [house-bound].* construcción de casas = building construction.* dueño de la casa = householder.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* empezar la casa por el tejado = tail wagging the dog.* en casa = in the home.* en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.* encontrar casa = find + a home.* encontrarse en casa = be in.* enseñanza escolar en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].* equipo de casa = home team.* equipo de casa, el = home side, the.* escolarización en casa = homeschool, homeschooling [home schooling].* escolarizar en casa = homeschool.* especialidad de la casa, la = house specialty, the.* estar en casa = be in.* esterilla de la entrada de la casa = welcome mat.* estilo de la casa = house style.* fuera de la casa = out-of-home.* hacer que Algo se haga en casa = bring + Nombre + in-house.* hecho en casa = homespun, homemade.* hora de volver a casa = curfew.* imposibilitado para salir de casa = housebound [house-bound], homebound [home-bound].* ir a casa de = make + house calls.* irse a casa = go + home.* irse de casa = leave + home.* joven que huye de su casa = runaway.* lejía de casa = household bleach.* llave de la casa = house key.* llegar a casa = get + home.* llegar tarde a casa = stay out + late.* llevar a casa = bring + home.* llevarse los problemas a casa = bring + problems home.* menú de la casa = set menu.* mudarse de casa = move + house.* para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.* partido que se juega en casa = home game.* partido que se juega fuera de casa = away game.* personas confinadas a permanecer en casa por cualquier impedimento, las = housebound, the.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* pisar + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.* quehaceres de la casa = housework.* que trabaja desde casa = home-based.* realización de los estudios escolares en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].* regresar a casa = go + home again.* regreso a casa = homecoming, journey home.* revolver toda la casa = turn + the house upside down.* ropa de casa = loungewear.* ropa de estar en casa = loungewear.* salir de casa = leave + home.* segunda casa = second home.* seguro de la casa = home insurance.* sentirse como en casa = feel + at home, feel like + home (away) from home.* tirar la casa por la ventana = lash out (on), go to + town on.* todo queda en casa = all in the family.* trabajador desde casa = homeworker.* trabajos de la casa = housework.* traer a casa = bring + back home.* vender de casa en casa = peddle.* volver a casa = go + home again.* volver la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* volver tarde a casa = stay out + late.* vuelta a casa = homecoming, journey home.* zona para casas móviles = mobile home park, trailer park.* * *1)a) ( vivienda) houseb) ( hogar) homea los 18 años se fue de casa or (AmL) de la casa — she left home at 18
no está nunca en casa or (AmL) en la casa — he's never (at) home
¿estarás en casa esta tarde? — will you be at home o in this afternoon?
¿por qué no pasas por casa or (AmL) por la casa? — why don't you drop in o by?
lo invito a cenar a su casa de usted — (Méx) please come over to dinner
vivo en Lomas 38, su casa de usted — (Méx) I live at number 38 Lomas, where you will always be most welcome
le ha puesto casa a su querida — he's set his mistress up in a house (o an apartment etc)
de or para andar por casa — < vestido> for wearing around the house; <definición/terminología> crude, rough
se me/se le vino la casa encima — the bottom fell out of my/her world
como Pedro por su casa — as if you/he/she owned the place (colloq)
como una casa — (fam)
una mentira como una casa — a whopping great lie (colloq), a whopper (colloq)
echar or tirar la casa por la ventana — to push the boat out
empezar la casa por el tejado — to put the cart before the horse
en la casa de la Guayaba (Méx fam) — miles away (colloq)
ser muy de su casa — ( hogareño) to be very homeloving; ( hacendoso) to be very houseproud
en casa del herrero, cuchillo de palo — the shoemaker's son always goes barefoot
2) (Com)a) ( empresa) company, firm (BrE)b) (bar, restaurante)especialidad de la casa — house specialty (AmE), speciality of the house (BrE)
3) ( dinastía) house4)a) (Dep)b) (Jueg) home•* * *= home, house, household, townhouse [town-house], home front.Ex: It is recommended for a variety of applications, amongst which are records of suppliers, staff, household possessions and so on, and is likely to find users in both the home and business worlds.
Ex: Qualifiers function as an integral part of the index terms, so that terms of the form 'Moving ( House)', 'Mergers (Industrial)' are created and used.Ex: For the two-car family, living in the countryside can present few problems, but most households are not in such an advantageous position.Ex: In comparing the residential experiences of single-family dwelling inhabitants with those living in townhouses, duplexes, & apartments, only apartment dwellers seem to experience adverse effects.Ex: The ongoing threat of terrorist attacks on North American soil and assets abroad, have brought asymmetric warfare to the home front.* alfabetización en casa = family literacy.* ama de casa = housewife [housewives, -pl.], homemaker, housekeeper.* amo de casa = homemaker.* artículos de la casa = household goods.* asuntos de la casa, los = home affairs.* banco en casa = home banking.* barrer para casa = look after + number one, feather + Posesivo/the + nest.* bata de casa = housedress.* cambiarse de casa = move + house.* casa adosada = terrace(d) house, terrace(d) home, townhouse [town-house], semidetached house, duplex, duplex house.* casa alquilada = house let.* casa ancestral = ancestral home.* Casa Blanca, la = White House, the.* casa comercial = house.* casa consistorial = civic hall.* casa de acogida = shelter home, foster home.* casa de beneficiencia = almshouse.* casa de campo = holiday home, country residence.* casa de empeño = pawnshop, hock shop [hockshop].* casa de huéspedes = guesthouse [guest house], bed and breakfast (B&B).* casa de ladrillos de adobe = mud-brick house.* casa de la moneda = mint.* casa de la playa = beach house.* casa del guarda = lodge.* casa de locos = lunatic asylum, madhouse, bedlam.* casa de los locos = asylum, mental asylum, madhouse.* casa del párroco = parsonage house, parsonage.* casa de madera = log house, wood house.* casa de maternidad = maternity home.* casa de muñecas = doll's house.* casa de oficios = vocational school.* casa de pisos = tenement, apartment block, apartment building, apartment complex.* casa de placer = house of pleasure, house of pleasure.* casa de putas = brothel, bawdy house [bawdyhouse].* casa de té = teahouse.* casa de tres plantas = three-storeyed house.* casa de troncos de madera = log house.* casa de vacaciones = vacation home.* casa de veraneo = holiday home.* casa editorial = publishing house.* casa frecuentada por los espíritus = haunted house.* casa móvil = mobile home.* casa pareada = duplex, duplex house.* casa parroquial = parsonage house, parsonage.* casa particular = private home.* casa piloto = show home, show house.* casa prefabricada = manufactured home, prefabricated house.* casa proveedora = components supplier.* casa remolque = mobile home.* casa rural = farmhouse.* casa rústica = cottage.* casa señorial = manor house, stately home.* casa social = community house.* casa solariega = ancestral home, country house, stately home, manor house.* cine en casa = home theatre, home cinema.* cocinero de casa = home cook.* comer en casa = eat in.* como en casa = like home (away) from home.* como en casa no se está en ningún sitio = there's no place like home.* compra desde casa = armchair shopping.* confinado a la casa = housebound [house-bound].* construcción de casas = building construction.* dueño de la casa = householder.* el enemigo en casa = the enemy within.* empezar la casa por el tejado = tail wagging the dog.* en casa = in the home.* en casa de herrero cuchillo de palo = the cobbler's children run barefoot.* encontrar casa = find + a home.* encontrarse en casa = be in.* enseñanza escolar en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].* equipo de casa = home team.* equipo de casa, el = home side, the.* escolarización en casa = homeschool, homeschooling [home schooling].* escolarizar en casa = homeschool.* especialidad de la casa, la = house specialty, the.* estar en casa = be in.* esterilla de la entrada de la casa = welcome mat.* estilo de la casa = house style.* fuera de la casa = out-of-home.* hacer que Algo se haga en casa = bring + Nombre + in-house.* hecho en casa = homespun, homemade.* hora de volver a casa = curfew.* imposibilitado para salir de casa = housebound [house-bound], homebound [home-bound].* ir a casa de = make + house calls.* irse a casa = go + home.* irse de casa = leave + home.* joven que huye de su casa = runaway.* lejía de casa = household bleach.* llave de la casa = house key.* llegar a casa = get + home.* llegar tarde a casa = stay out + late.* llevar a casa = bring + home.* llevarse los problemas a casa = bring + problems home.* menú de la casa = set menu.* mudarse de casa = move + house.* para el inglés su casa es su castillo = an Englishman's home is his castle.* partido que se juega en casa = home game.* partido que se juega fuera de casa = away game.* personas confinadas a permanecer en casa por cualquier impedimento, las = housebound, the.* personas que no pueden salir de casa = homebound, the.* pisar + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* poner la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* poner la casa patas arriba = turn + the house upside down.* poner los pies en + Posesivo + casa = darken + Posesivo + door.* quedarse a dormir en la casa de un amigo = sleepover.* quedarse dentro de casa = stay + indoors.* quedarse en casa = stay + indoors.* quehaceres de la casa = housework.* que trabaja desde casa = home-based.* realización de los estudios escolares en casa = homeschooling [home schooling].* regresar a casa = go + home again.* regreso a casa = homecoming, journey home.* revolver toda la casa = turn + the house upside down.* ropa de casa = loungewear.* ropa de estar en casa = loungewear.* salir de casa = leave + home.* segunda casa = second home.* seguro de la casa = home insurance.* sentirse como en casa = feel + at home, feel like + home (away) from home.* tirar la casa por la ventana = lash out (on), go to + town on.* todo queda en casa = all in the family.* trabajador desde casa = homeworker.* trabajos de la casa = housework.* traer a casa = bring + back home.* vender de casa en casa = peddle.* volver a casa = go + home again.* volver la casa al revés = turn + everything upside down.* volver tarde a casa = stay out + late.* vuelta a casa = homecoming, journey home.* zona para casas móviles = mobile home park, trailer park.* * *Casa Amarilla (↑ casa a1), Casa Rosada (↑ casa aa1)A1 (vivienda) houseestá buscando casa she's looking for somewhere to livecambiarse or mudarse de casa to move, move housetodavía no nos han ofrecido la casa they still haven't invited us to see the house2 (hogar) homea los 18 años se fue de casa or ( AmL) de la casa she left home at 18no está nunca en casa or ( AmL) en la casa he's never (at) home¿por qué no pasas por casa or ( AmL) por la casa? why don't you drop in o by?voy a preguntar en casa or ( AmL) en la casa I'll ask at homeestá en su casa make yourself at homelo invito a cenar a su casa de usted ( Méx); please come over to dinner¿dónde vive? — en Lomas 38, su casa de usted ( Méx); where do you live? — at number 38 Lomas, where you will always be most welcomeno soy de la casa I don't live heredecidió poner casa en Toledo she decided to go and live in Toledole ha puesto casa a su querida he's set his mistress up in a house ( o an apartment etc)los padres les ayudaron a poner la casa their parents helped them to set up housede andar or para andar por casa ‹vestido› house ( before n), for wearing around the house;‹definición/terminología› crude, roughcaérsele or venírsele a algn la casa encima: cuando no aprobó el examen se le vino la casa encima when she failed the exam, the bottom fell out of her world o her whole world came crashing down around her earscomo Pedro or Perico or Pepe por su casa as if you/he/she owned the place ( colloq)un error grande como una casa a glaring o terrible mistakeechar or tirar or ( Ven) botar la casa por la ventana to push the boat outpara la boda de su hija tiró la casa por la ventana he spared no expense o he really went overboard o he really pushed the boat out for his daughter's weddingempezar la casa por el tejado to put the cart before the horseser muy de su casa (hogareño) to be very homeloving, be a real homebody ( AmE) o ( BrE) homelover; (hacendoso) to be very houseprouden casa del herrero, cuchillo de palo or ( Col) azadón de palo the shoemaker's son always goes barefootcada uno en su casa y Dios en la de todos each to his own and God watching over everyoneB ( Com)la casa Mega lanzó ayer su último modelo Mega launched their latest model yesterday2(bar, restaurante): vino de la casa house wineinvita la casa it's on the housees un obsequio de la casa with the compliments of the managementC (dinastía) housela casa de los Borbones the House of BourbonD1 ( Dep):Wanderers perdió en casa Wanderers lost at homelos de casa juegan de amarillo the home team are in yellow2 ( Jueg) homeE ( Astrol) houseCompuestos:semi-detached/terraced house(en CR, Ven) Presidential PalaceWhite Househead office, headquarters ( sing o pl)clubhousetown hall( Chi) (reformatorio) reformatory ( for girls) ( AmE), young offenders' institution ( for girls) ( BrE); (cárcel) women's prisonpolice station ( including living quarters)children's homerefuge(CS) maisonettebathhouse, baths (pl)children's homebureau de changecountry house, house in the countryrestaurant ( serving economically priced meals)House of Godrecord company(en algunos países) Presidential Palaceboardinghouse, rooming house ( AmE)( RPl) tenement houseA ( Fin) mintB (en Chi) Presidential Palace( ant); brothelHouse of Godfashion houselunatic asylumtenement house ( Esp)coaching inn● casa de reposo or salud(CS) nursing home, convalescent homefirst-aid post( AmL) brothel( Méx) tenement housetenement houserecord companypublishing househouse boat( Chi) dwellinghead office, headquarters ( sing o pl)(Col, Méx) casa pilotobrothelRoyal Householdrefuge o hostel for battered women(en Arg) Presidential Palace( Esp); holiday cottageancestral home* * *
Del verbo casar: ( conjugate casar)
casa es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
casa
casar
casa sustantivo femenino
1
casita del perro kennel;
casa adosada or pareada semi-detached o terraced house;
Ccasa Blanca White House;
casa de acogida refuge;
casa de huéspedes boardinghouse;
casa de socorro first-aid post;
casa de vecinos or (Méx) de vecindad tenement house;
Ccasa Real Royal Household;
casa refugio refuge o hostel for battered women;
casa rodante (CS) trailer (AmE), caravan (BrE)
a los 18 años se fue de casa or (AmL) de la casa she left home at 18;
no está nunca en casa or ( AmL) en la casa he's never (at) home;
¿por qué no pasas por casa or (AmL) por la casa? why don't you drop in?;
de or para andar por casa ‹ vestido› for wearing around the house;
‹definición/terminología› crude, rough;
echar or tirar la casa por la ventana to push the boat out
2
casa de cambios bureau de changeb) (bar, restaurante):
invita la casa it's on the house
3 (Dep):
casar ( conjugate casar) verbo transitivo [cura/juez] to marry
verbo intransitivo
[ piezas] to fit together;
[ cuentas] to match, tally
casa con algo to go well with sth
casarse verbo pronominal
to get married;
se casó con un abogado she married a lawyer;
casase en segundas nupcias to marry again, to remarry
casa sustantivo femenino
1 (edificio) house ➣ Ver nota en chalet
2 (hogar) home: vete a casa, go home
estábamos en casa de Rosa, we were at Rosa's
hay mucha gente que no tiene casa, there are a lot of homeless people
3 (empresa) company, firm
casa matriz, head office
4 (estirpe) la casa de los Austria, the House of Habsburg
5 casa de empeños, pawnshop
casa de huéspedes, boarding house
familiar casa de locos, madhouse
casa de socorro, first aid post
casa de la villa, town hall
♦ Locuciones: tengo que salir a pasear, si no, se me cae la casa encima, I've got to go out for a walk or this house is going to drive me up the wall
familiar como Pedro por su casa, as if I/you/he owned the place
de andar por casa, (ropa) everyday
(explicación) crude, rough
no parar en casa, to be on the go
tirar la casa por la ventana, to roll out the red carpet
casar
I verbo transitivo (unir en matrimonio) to marry
(dar en matrimonio) to marry (off): casó muy bien a sus dos hijos, she successfully married off her two sons
II verbo intransitivo (encajar) to match, go o fit together: las cuentas no le casan, he can't make the figures balance, figurado things don't seem to be right to him
' casa' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abajo
- abstraerse
- acercar
- acoger
- acogedor
- acogedora
- acuerdo
- adosada
- adosado
- afuera
- agencia
- ajena
- ajeno
- alquilar
- alquiler
- ama
- amañarse
- amo
- ampliación
- andar
- antirrobo
- arriba
- así
- ático
- atusar
- aviar
- barrer
- bata
- benjamín
- benjamina
- bienvenida
- bienvenido
- borde
- cabida
- cacho
- calentar
- cambiar
- camino
- cara
- cargar
- carpintería
- casera
- casero
- chalet
- cocina
- comedor
- comedora
- consentir
- convivir
English:
address
- advantage
- agent
- amenities
- ancestral
- anyone
- appraisal
- appreciate
- approximately
- around-the clock
- as
- ask round
- at
- attractive
- back
- be
- bed
- before
- below
- better
- big
- blast away
- bleak
- boarding house
- body
- bookshelf
- break into
- built-in
- burglar alarm
- burglarize
- burglary
- busline
- bustle
- buyer
- call
- caller
- care
- caretaker
- clean up
- come out
- congregate
- convenience
- cottage
- curious
- customary
- cut out
- daily
- dear
- decorate
- design
* * *casa nf1. [edificio] house;[apartamento] Br flat, US apartment;vivo en una casa de tres plantas my house has got three floors;vivimos en una casa de alquiler we live in rented accommodation;buscar casa to look for somewhere to live;de casa en casa house-to-house;se le cae la casa encima [se deprime] it's the end of the world for him;Famcomo una casa [enorme] massive;dijo un disparate como una casa he made a totally ludicrous remark;una mentira como una casa a whopping great lie;un fuera de juego como una casa a blindingly obvious offside;para comprarse un coche tan caro, tiró la casa por la ventana he spared no expense when he bought that car;empezar la casa por el tejado to put the cart before the horsecasa adosada Br terraced house, US row house; CSur, Perú [casa de arriba] upstairs Br flat o US apartment;Casa Blanca [en Estados Unidos] White House;casa de campo country house;casa y comida board and lodging;Esp casa cuartel [de la Guardia Civil] = police station also used as living quarters by Guardia Civil; Arg casa de departamentos Br block of flats, US apartment building; Am casa habitación residential building; RP casa de inquilinato = communal dwelling where poor families each live in a single room and share bathroom and kitchen with others;casa de labor farmhouse;casa de labranza farmhouse;Méx casa llena:con casa llena [en béisbol] with the bases loaded;Casa de la Moneda [en Chile] = Chile's presidential palace;casa natal: [m5] la casa natal de Goya the house where Goya was born;casa parroquial priest's house, presbytery;casa piloto show house;casa de postas posthouse, inn;casa prefabricada prefab;RP casa rodante Br caravan, US trailer;Casa Rosada [en Argentina] = Argentinian presidential palace;casa semiadosada semi-detached house;casa solariega ancestral home, family seat;casa unifamiliar = house, usually detached, on an estate;casa de vecindad tenement house2. [hogar] home;bienvenido a casa welcome home;en casa at home;¿está tu hermano en casa? is your brother at home?;me quedé en casa leyendo I stayed at home and read a book;en casa se cena pronto we have dinner early at home;estar de casa to be casually dressed;unas zapatillas de ir por casa slippers for wearing around the house;pásate por (mi) casa come round, come over to my place;estar fuera de casa to be out;ir a casa to go home;irse de casa to leave home;me fui de casa a los dieciséis años I left home at sixteen;franquear la casa a alguien to open one's home to sb;generalmente es la mujer la que lleva la casa it's usually the woman who runs the household;no para en casa he's hardly ever at home;no tener casa ni hogar to be homeless;ponte como en tu casa, estás en tu casa make yourself at home;sin casa homeless;había varios sin casa durmiendo a la intemperie there were several homeless people sleeping rough;hemos recogido a un niño sin casa we've taken in a child from a broken home;Espquiere poner casa en Valencia she wants to go and live in Valencia;sentirse como en casa to feel at home;ser (uno) muy de su casa to be a homebody;Famcomo Pedro por su casa: entra y sale como Pedro por su casa she comes in and out as if she owns the place;todo queda en casa: nadie se enterará de tu despiste, todo queda en casa no one will find out about your mistake, we'll keep it between ourselves;el padre y el hijo dirigen el negocio, así que todo queda en casa the business is run by father and son, so it's all in the family;Esp Famlos unos por los otros y la casa sin barrer everybody said they'd do it and nobody did;Esp Famesto parece la casa de tócame Roque everyone just does whatever they want in here, it's like Liberty Hall in here;cada uno en su casa, y Dios en la de todos = you should mind your own business;en casa del herrero cuchillo de palo the shoemaker's wife is always worst shodcasa mortuoria home of the deceased;casa paterna parental home3. [familia] family;[linaje] house;procede de una de las mejores casas de la ciudad she comes from one of the most important families in the cityHist la casa de Austria the Hapsburgs; Hist la casa de Borbón the Bourbons;casa real royal family4. [establecimiento] company;este producto lo fabrican varias casas this product is made by several different companies;por la compra de un televisor, la casa le regala una radio buy a television and we'll give you a radio for free;¡invita la casa! it's on the house!;especialidad/vino de la casa house speciality/winecasa de apuestas bookmaker's, Br betting shop; Méx casa de asistencia boarding house;casa de banca banking house;Com casa central head office;casa de citas brothel;casa de comidas = cheap restaurant serving simple meals;casa discográfica record company;casa editorial publishing house;casa de empeño pawnshop;casa de empeños pawnshop;casa exportadora exporter;casa importadora importer;casa de lenocinio house of ill repute;Com casa matriz [de empresa] head office; [de grupo de empresas] parent company;casa de préstamo pawnshop;casa pública brothel;muy Fam casa de putas whorehouse;casa de subastas auction house, auctioneer's;Am casa de tolerancia brothelcasa de baños public bathhouse;casa de beneficencia poorhouse;Fin casa de cambio Br bureau de change, US foreign-exchange bureau;casa de caridad poorhouse;casa de correos post office;casa cuna [orfanato] foundling home;[guardería] nursery;casa de Dios house of God;CSur casa de estudios educational establishment;casa de fieras zoo;Am casa de gobierno = workplace of the head of state, governor, mayor etc;casa de locos madhouse;Fig¡esto es una casa de locos! this place is a madhouse!;casa de la moneda [fábrica] mint;casa del pueblo = village social club run by local council;casa rectoral rectory;casa regional = social club for people from a particular region (in another region or abroad);casa religiosa [de monjas] convent;[de monjes] monastery; RP casa de reposo rest home; RP casa de salud rest home;casa del Señor house of God;casa de la villa town hall7. Dep home;jugar en casa to play at home;jugar fuera de casa to play away (from home);el equipo de casa the home team8. [en juegos de mesa] home9. [casilla de ajedrez, damas] squareCASA ROSADACasa Rosada (the “pink house”) in Buenos Aires, is the name of the Argentinian Presidential Palace. Its pink colour was originally chosen (for an earlier building) by president Domingo Sarmiento (1868-74) to represent a combination between the two feuding political traditions of nineteenth century Argentina – red for the Federalists and white for the Unitarians. Argentina's presidents have addressed the people from the balcony of the palace, but the most famous orator to use it was Evita Peron, so there was a huge controversy when film director Alan Parker obtained permission to use the balcony when filming his musical “Evita” in 1997, with Madonna in the title role.* * *f1 house;como una casa fam huge fam ;comenzar la casa por el tejado fig put the cart before the horse;echar otirar la casa por la ventana spare no expense;se me cayó la casa encima fig the bottom fell out of my world2 DEP:jugar en casa play at home;jugar fuera de casa play away, play on the road3 ( hogar) home;en casa at home;estás en tu casa make yourself at home;llevar la casa run the home;ser muy de su casa be a real home-lover;todo queda en casa everything stays in the family* * *casa nf1) : house, building2) hogar: home3) : household, family4) : company, firm5)echar la casa por la ventana : to spare no expense* * *casa n1. (en general) house2. (hogar) home3. (empresa) company -
18 Historical Portugal
Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims inPortugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and theChurch (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict untilUN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU. -
19 put
put [pʊt]mettre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (c)-(f), 1 (i) dire ⇒ 1 (g) soumettre ⇒ 1 (h) placer ⇒ 1 (i), 1 (l) investir ⇒ 1 (k), 1 (l) miser ⇒ 1 (m)∎ put the saucepan on the shelf mets la casserole sur l'étagère;∎ she put her hand on my shoulder elle a mis sa main sur mon épaule;∎ put the chairs nearer the table approche les chaises de la table;∎ he put his arm around my shoulders il passa son bras autour de mes épaules;∎ she put her arms around him elle l'a pris dans ses bras;∎ to put one's head round the door/through the window passer la tête par la porte/par la fenêtre;∎ did you put any salt in? as-tu mis du sel (dedans)?;∎ put some more water on to boil remettez de l'eau à chauffer;∎ he put another brick on the pile il a mis une autre brique sur la pile;∎ to put a coin/a letter/a gun into sb's hand glisser ou mettre une pièce/une lettre/un revolver dans la main de qn;∎ she put a match to the wood elle a allumé le bois;∎ to put an advert in the paper mettre une annonce dans le journal;∎ they want to put me in an old folks' home ils veulent me mettre dans une maison pour les vieux;∎ to put a child to bed mettre un enfant au lit, coucher un enfant;∎ to put a man on the moon envoyer un homme sur la lune;∎ he put the telescope to his eye il a porté la longue-vue à son œil;∎ to put honour before riches préférer l'honneur à l'argent;∎ to put a play on the stage monter une pièce;∎ to put a guard on the door faire surveiller la porte;∎ figurative I didn't know where to put myself! je ne savais plus où me mettre!;∎ put yourself in my position or place mettez-vous à ma place;∎ to put oneself into sb's hands s'en remettre à qn;∎ put it out of your mind or head sors-le-toi de la tête;∎ I had long put this thought out of my mind ça faisait longtemps que je m'étais sorti cette idée de la tête;∎ we put a lot of emphasis on creativity nous mettons beaucoup l'accent sur la créativité;∎ don't put too much trust in what he says ne te fie pas trop à ce qu'il dit;∎ familiar put it there! (shake hands) tope-là!, serrons-nous la pince!∎ he put his fist through the window il a passé son poing à travers le carreau;∎ he put a bullet through his head il s'est mis une balle dans la tête;∎ she put her pen through the whole paragraph elle a rayé tout le paragraphe d'un coup de stylo(c) (impose → limit, responsibility, tax) mettre;∎ to put a ban on sth interdire qch;∎ it puts an extra burden on our department c'est un fardeau de plus pour notre service;∎ the new tax will put 5p on a packet of cigarettes la nouvelle taxe augmentera de 5 pence le prix d'un paquet de cigarettes(d) (into specified state) mettre;∎ you're putting me in an awkward position vous me mettez dans une situation délicate;∎ I hope I've not put you to too much trouble j'espère que je ne vous ai pas trop dérangé;∎ music always puts him in a good mood la musique le met toujours de bonne humeur;∎ the new rules will be put into effect next month le nouveau règlement entrera en vigueur le mois prochain;∎ to put sb out of a job mettre qn au chômage;∎ to put a prisoner on bread and water mettre un prisonnier au pain sec et à l'eau;∎ the money will be put to good use l'argent sera bien employé;∎ to put sb to sleep endormir qn;∎ euphemism the dog had to be put to sleep il a fallu piquer le chien(e) (write down) mettre, écrire;∎ I forgot to put my address j'ai oublié de mettre mon adresse;∎ what date shall I put? quelle date est-ce que je mets?∎ to put an end or a stop to sth mettre fin ou un terme à qch(g) (say, express) dire, exprimer;∎ I wouldn't put it quite like that je ne dirais pas cela;∎ I don't know how to put it je ne sais comment dire;∎ to put one's thoughts into words exprimer sa pensée, s'exprimer;∎ let me put it this way laissez-moi l'exprimer ainsi;∎ it was, how shall I put it, rather long c'était, comment dirais-je, un peu long;∎ to put it another way,… en d'autres termes,…;∎ he put it better than that il l'a dit ou formulé mieux que ça;∎ you could have put that better tu aurais pu tourner cela un peu mieux;∎ she put it politely but firmly elle l'a dit poliment mais clairement;∎ as Churchill once put it comme l'a dit Churchill un jour;∎ to put it briefly or simply, they refused bref ou en un mot, ils ont refusé;∎ to put it bluntly pour parler franc;∎ putting it in terms you'll understand… plus simplement, pour que vous compreniez…∎ to put a proposal to the board présenter une proposition au conseil d'administration;∎ he put his case very well il a très bien présenté son cas;∎ I have a question to put to the Prime Minister j'ai une question à soumettre au Premier ministre;∎ Law I put it to you that… n'est-il pas vrai que…?;∎ I put it to the delegates that now is the time to act je tiens à dire aux délégués que c'est maintenant qu'il faut agir(i) (class, rank) placer, mettre;∎ I wouldn't put them in the same class as the Beatles je ne les mettrais ou placerais pas dans la même catégorie que les Beatles;∎ I put my family above my job je fais passer ma famille avant mon travail∎ to put sb to work mettre qn au travail;∎ they put her on the Jones case ils l'ont mise sur l'affaire Jones(k) (devote → effort) investir, consacrer;∎ to put a lot of time/energy into sth consacrer beaucoup de temps/d'énergie à qch, investir beaucoup de temps/d'énergie dans qch;∎ she puts more into their relationship than he does elle s'investit plus que lui dans leur relation;∎ to put a lot of work into sth/doing sth beaucoup travailler à qch/pour faire qch;∎ Sport he put everything he had into his first service il a tout mis dans son premier service(l) (invest → money) placer, investir;∎ she had put all her savings into property elle avait investi ou placé toutes ses économies dans l'immobilier∎ to put money on a horse miser ou parier sur un cheval;∎ he put all his winnings on the red il misa tous ses gains sur le rouge∎ to put the shot lancer le poids∎ to put a ship into port rentrer un bateau au port∎ Nautical to put to sea lever l'ancre, appareiller;∎ they had to put back into harbour ils ont dû rentrer au port;∎ we put into port at Bombay nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Bombay3 noun∎ his third put son troisième lancer(b) Stock Exchange option f de vente, put m;∎ put and call stellage m, double option f►► Stock Exchange put band période f de validité d'une option de vente;Stock Exchange put bond emprunt m à fenêtre;Stock Exchange put option option f de vente;Stock Exchange put warrant warrant m à la vente∎ to put it about that… faire circuler le bruit que…;∎ it is being put about that he intends resigning le bruit court qu'il a l'intention de démissionner∎ to put a boat about virer de bord∎ to put it or oneself about (be promiscuous) coucher à droite à gaucheNautical virer de bord∎ to put sth across to sb faire comprendre qch à qn;∎ I don't know how to put the argument across to them je ne sais pas comment leur faire comprendre cet argument;∎ she knows how to put her ideas across elle sait bien faire passer ses idées;∎ she's good at putting herself across elle sait se mettre en valeur∎ to put one across on sb avoir qn, rouler qn;∎ don't try putting anything across on me! ne me prends pas pour un imbécile!(a) (book, piece of work) mettre de côté, poser(b) (disregard, ignore) écarter, laisser de côté;∎ let's put aside our differences of opinion for the moment laissons nos différends de côté pour le moment;∎ put aside all gloomy thoughts oublie toutes ces pensées maussades(c) (save, keep) mettre de côté;∎ we have a little money put aside nous avons un peu d'argent de côté(estimate) estimer;∎ they put the cost of repairs to the bridge at around $10,000 ils estiment le montant des réparations du pont à environ 10 000 dollars;∎ I wouldn't have put her (age) at more than twenty-five je ne lui aurais pas donné plus de vingt-cinq ans;∎ what would you put it at? quelle est votre estimation?∎ put your toys away! range tes jouets!;∎ put your money/wallet away (I'm paying) range ton argent/ton portefeuille∎ I have a few pounds put away j'ai un peu d'argent de côté, j'ai quelques économies;∎ to put something away for one's old age mettre quelque chose de côté pour sa retraite➲ put back(a) (replace, return) remettre;∎ put that record back where you found it! remets ce disque où tu l'as trouvé!(b) (postpone) remettre;∎ the meeting has been put back to Thursday la réunion a été repoussée ou remise à jeudi(c) (slow down, delay) retarder;∎ the strike has put our schedule back at least a month la grève nous a fait perdre au moins un mois sur notre planning(d) (turn back → clock) retarder;∎ we put the clocks back next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'hiver;∎ figurative this decision has put the clock back cette décision nous a ramenés en arrière∎ Nautical to put back (to port) rentrer au port(save → money) mettre de côté; (→ supplies) mettre en réserve;∎ have you got anything put by? avez-vous un peu d'argent de côté?➲ put down(a) (on table, floor etc) poser;∎ put that knife down at once! pose ce couteau tout de suite!;∎ put me down! lâche-moi!;∎ put that down! laisse (ça)!;∎ to put the phone down raccrocher;∎ he put the phone down on me il m'a raccroché au nez;∎ it's one of those books you just can't put down c'est un de ces livres que tu ne peux pas poser avant de l'avoir fini;∎ I couldn't put it down (book) je l'ai lu d'un trait(b) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser∎ put down your name and address écrivez votre nom et votre adresse;∎ she put us down as Mr and Mrs Smith elle nous a inscrits sous le nom de M. et Mme Smith;∎ it's never been put down in writing ça n'a jamais été mis par écrit;∎ I can put it down as expenses je peux le faire passer dans mes notes de frais(d) (on agenda) inscrire à l'ordre du jour;∎ to put down a motion of no confidence déposer une motion de censure∎ the revolt was put down by armed police la révolte a été réprimée par les forces de police(f) (belittle) rabaisser, critiquer;∎ he's always putting students down il passe son temps à critiquer les étudiants;∎ you shouldn't put yourself down tu ne devrais pas te sous-estimer∎ to have a cat/dog put down faire piquer un chat/chien(h) (pay as deposit) verser;∎ I've already put £50 down on the sofa j'ai déjà versé 50 livres pour le canapé(i) (store → wine) mettre en cave(j) (put to bed → baby) coucher(k) (land → plane) poser(l) (close → umbrella) fermer(land → plane, pilot) atterrir, se poserclasser parmi;∎ I think they'd put me down as a mere amateur je crois qu'ils me classeraient parmi les simples amateursinscrire pour;∎ put me down for £20 inscrivez-moi pour 20 livres;∎ I'll put you down for Thursday at three o'clock je vous mets jeudi à trois heures;∎ they've already put their son down for public school ils ont déjà inscrit leur fils dans une école privéemettre sur le compte de;∎ you can't put all the country's problems down to inflation vous ne pouvez pas mettre tous les problèmes du pays sur le compte de l'inflation;∎ I put it down to her stubbornness je mets ça sur le compte de son entêtement;∎ we'll have to put it down to experience au moins on a appris quelque chose∎ she put her name forward for the post of treasurer elle a posé sa candidature au poste de trésorière;∎ to put one's best foot forward (walk faster) presser le pas; figurative se mettre en devoir de faire de son mieux(b) (turn forward → clock, hands of clock) avancer;∎ we put the clocks forward next weekend le week-end prochain, on passe à l'heure d'été(c) (bring forward) avancer;∎ the meeting has been put forward to early next week la réunion a été avancée au début de la semaine prochaine➲ put in(a) (place inside bag, container, cupboard etc) mettre dans;∎ he put the eggs in the fridge il a mis les œufs dans le réfrigérateur;∎ to put one's contact lenses in mettre ses lentilles de contact;∎ to put one's head in at the window passer la tête par la fenêtre;(b) (insert, include) insérer, inclure;∎ have you put in the episode about the rabbit? as-tu inclus l'épisode du lapin?(c) (interject) placer;∎ her name was Alicia, the woman put in elle s'appelait Alicia, ajouta la femme∎ we're having central heating put in nous faisons installer le chauffage central;∎ the voters put the Tories in les électeurs ont mis les conservateurs au pouvoir;∎ they've put in a new manager at the factory ils ont nommé un nouveau directeur à l'usine(e) (devote → time) passer;∎ I've put in a lot of work on that car j'ai beaucoup travaillé sur cette voiture;∎ I put in a few hours' revision before supper j'ai passé quelques heures à réviser avant le dîner;∎ to put in an hour's work faire une heure de travail;∎ to put in a full day at the office passer toute la journée au bureau;∎ you only get out what you put in on ne récolte que ce qu'on sème(f) (submit → request, demand) déposer, soumettre;∎ they put in a claim for a 10 percent pay rise ils ont déposé une demande d'augmentation de salaire de 10 pour cent;∎ to put in an application for a job déposer sa candidature pour ou se présenter pour un emploiNautical relâcher, faire relâche;∎ we put in at Wellington nous avons relâché ou fait relâche à Wellingtonprésenter;∎ we're putting him in for the 500 metres nous le présentons pour le 500 mètres;∎ to put pupils in for an examination présenter des élèves à un examen∎ to put in for sth (post) poser sa candidature pour qch; (leave, promotion) faire une demande de qch, demander qch;∎ she put in for a transfer to Florida elle a demandé à être mutée en Floride➲ put off(a) (drop off → passenger) déposer, laisser;∎ just put me off at the corner vous n'avez qu'à me laisser ou me déposer au coin(b) (postpone → meeting, appointment) remettre à plus tard, repousser; (→ decision, payment) remettre à plus tard, différer; (→ work) remettre à plus tard; (→ guests) décommander;∎ the meeting has been put off until tomorrow la réunion a été renvoyée ou remise à demain;∎ I kept putting off telling him the truth je continuais à repousser le moment de lui dire la vérité;∎ I can't put him off again je ne peux pas encore annuler un rendez-vous avec lui∎ once he's made up his mind nothing in the world can put him off une fois qu'il a pris une décision, rien au monde ne peut le faire changer d'avis(d) (distract) déranger, empêcher de se concentrer;∎ he deliberately tries to put his opponent off il fait tout pour empêcher son adversaire de se concentrer;∎ the noise put her off her service le bruit l'a gênée ou dérangée pendant son service∎ it's the smell that puts me off c'est l'odeur qui me rebute;∎ don't be put off by his odd sense of humour ne te laisse pas rebuter par son humour un peu particulier;∎ it put me off skiing for good ça m'a définitivement dégoûté du ski;∎ it put me off my dinner ça m'a coupé l'appétit(f) (switch off → television, radio etc) éteindreNautical déborder du quai, pousser au large;∎ to put off from the shore quitter la côte, prendre le large(a) (clothes, make-up, ointment) mettre;∎ put your hat on mets ton chapeau;∎ to put on one's make-up se maquiller∎ why can't they put something decent on for a change? (on TV, radio) ils ne pourraient pas passer quelque chose d'intéressant pour une fois?(c) (lay on, provide → train) mettre en service;∎ they put on excellent meals on Sundays ils servent d'excellents repas le dimanche;∎ they have put on twenty extra trains ils ont ajouté vingt trains(d) (gain → speed, weight) prendre;∎ I've put on a few pounds j'ai pris quelques kilos(e) (turn on, cause to function → light, radio, gas) allumer; (→ record, tape) mettre; (→ handbrake) mettre, serrer;∎ put the heater on mets ou allume le chauffage;∎ he put on some Vivaldi/the news il a mis du Vivaldi/les informations;∎ I've put the kettle on for tea j'ai mis de l'eau à chauffer pour le thé;∎ to put on the brakes freiner(f) (start cooking) mettre (à cuire);∎ I forgot to put the peas on j'ai oublié de mettre les petits pois à cuire∎ I put £10 on the favourite j'ai parié 10 livres sur le favori∎ to put on airs prendre des airs;∎ he put on a silly voice il a pris une voix ridicule;∎ to put on an act jouer la comédie;∎ familiar don't worry, he's just putting it on ne t'inquiète pas, il fait du cinéma ou du chiqué∎ you're putting me on! là, tu me fais marcher!(j) (apply → pressure) exercer∎ the tax increase will put another 10p on a gallon of petrol l'augmentation de la taxe va faire monter le prix du gallon d'essence de 10 pence∎ new restrictions have been put on bringing animals into the country de nouvelles restrictions ont été imposées à l'importation d'animaux dans le pays∎ it's hard to put a price on it c'est difficile d'en évaluer ou estimer le prix(n) (advance → clock) avancer∎ could you put him on, please? pouvez-vous me le passer, s'il vous plaît?(help find) indiquer à;∎ I'll put you onto a good solicitor je vous donnerai le nom d'un ou je vous indiquerai un bon avocat;∎ she's put me onto quite a few bargains elle m'a indiqué plusieurs bonnes affaires;∎ to put the police/taxman onto sb dénoncer qn à la police/au fisc;∎ what put you onto the butler, detective inspector? qu'est-ce qui vous a amené à soupçonner le maître d'hôtel, commissaire?➲ put out(a) (place outside) mettre dehors, sortir;∎ have you put the dustbin out? as-tu sorti la poubelle?;∎ I'll put the washing out (to dry) je vais mettre le linge (dehors) à sécher;∎ to put a cow out to grass mettre une vache en pâture∎ to put sb's eye out éborgner qn;∎ you almost put my eye out! tu as failli m'éborgner!(c) (issue → apology, announcement) publier; (→ story, rumour) faire circuler; (→ new record, edition, model etc) sortir; (→ appeal, request) faire; (broadcast) émettre;∎ police have put out a description of the wanted man la police a publié une description de l'homme qu'elle recherche;∎ to put out an SOS lancer un SOS∎ don't forget to put the light out when you leave n'oubliez pas d'éteindre (la lumière) en partant(e) (lay out, arrange) sortir;∎ the valet had put out a suit for me le valet de chambre m'avait sorti un costume∎ she walked up to me and put out her hand elle s'approcha de moi et me tendit la main;∎ she put out a foot to trip him up elle a mis un pied en avant pour le faire trébucher∎ to put one's back/shoulder out se démettre le dos/l'épaule;∎ I've put my back out je me suis déplacé une vertèbre(h) (annoy, upset)∎ to be put out about sth être fâché à cause de qch;∎ he seems quite put out about it on dirait que ça l'a vraiment contrarié(i) (inconvenience) déranger;∎ I hope I haven't put you out j'espère que je ne vous ai pas dérangé;∎ she's always ready to put herself out for other people elle est toujours prête à rendre service(j) (sprout → shoots, leaves) produire(k) (make unconscious → with drug, injection) endormir(l) (subcontract) sous-traiter;∎ we put most of our work out nous confions la plus grande partie de notre travail à des sous-traitants∎ to put out to sea faire appareiller∎ everyone knows she puts out tout le monde sait qu'elle est prête à coucher;∎ did she put out? est-ce qu'elle a bien voulu coucher?;∎ she'd put out for anybody elle coucherait avec le premier venu➲ put over = put across(spread → gossip, story) faire courir∎ hold on, I'll try to put you through ne quittez pas, je vais essayer de vous le/la passer;∎ put the call through to my office passez-moi la communication dans mon bureau;∎ I'll put you through to Mrs Powell je vous passe Mme Powell(b) (carry through, conclude) conclure;∎ we finally put through the necessary reforms nous avons fini par faire passer les réformes nécessaires(c) (subject to) soumettre à;∎ he was put through a whole battery of tests on l'a soumis à toute une série d'examens;∎ I'm sorry to put you through this je suis désolé de vous imposer ça;∎ have you any idea what you're putting him through? as-tu la moindre idée de ce que tu lui fais subir?;∎ familiar to put sb through it en faire voir de toutes les couleurs à qn; (at interview) faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure à qn;∎ he really put me through it il m'en a vraiment fait voir (de toutes les couleurs)∎ he put himself through college il a payé ses études∎ he's more trouble than the rest of them put together il nous crée plus de problèmes à lui seul que tous les autres réunis(b) (kit, furniture, engine) monter, assembler; (meal) préparer, confectionner; (menu) élaborer; (dossier) réunir; (proposal, report) préparer; (story, facts) reconstituer; (show, campaign) organiser, monter;∎ to put sth (back) together again remonter qch;∎ we're trying to put together enough evidence to convict him nous essayons de réunir assez de preuves pour le faire condamner;∎ to put together a convincing picture of what happened reconstituer une idée convaincante de ce qui s'est passé;∎ the programme is nicely put together ce programme est bien fait;∎ I'll just put a few things together (in my bag) je vais faire rapidement ma valise(with drug, injection) endormir➲ put up(a) (raise → hand) lever; (→ flag) hisser; (→ hood) relever; (→ umbrella) ouvrir; (→ one's hair, coat collar) relever;∎ could all those going put up their hands? que tous ceux qui y vont lèvent la main;∎ put your hands up! haut les mains!;∎ I'm going to put my feet up for a few minutes je vais me reposer un peu(b) (erect → tent) dresser, monter; (→ house, factory) construire; (→ monument, statue) ériger; (→ scaffolding) installer, monter; (→ ladder) dresser;∎ they put up a statue to her ils érigèrent une statue en son honneur∎ they've already put up the Christmas decorations ils ont déjà installé les décorations de Noël;∎ the shopkeeper put up the shutters le commerçant a baissé le rideau de fer(d) (send up → rocket, satellite) lancer∎ the results will be put up tomorrow les résultats seront affichés demain(f) (show → resistance) offrir, opposer;∎ to put up a good show bien se défendre;∎ to put up a struggle se défendre, se débattre(g) (present → argument, proposal) présenter;∎ he puts up a good case for abstention il a des arguments convaincants en faveur de l'abstention∎ to put sth up for sale/auction mettre qch en vente/aux enchères∎ we are not putting up any candidates nous ne présentons aucun candidat∎ who's putting the money up for the new business? qui finance la nouvelle entreprise?;∎ we put up our own money nous sommes auto-financés(k) (increase) faire monter, augmenter;∎ this will put up the price of meat ça va faire augmenter ou monter le prix de la viande(l) (give hospitality to) loger, héberger;∎ to put sb up for the night coucher qn(m) (urge, incite)∎ to put sb up to (doing) sth pousser qn à (faire) qch∎ to put up at a hotel descendre dans un hôtel;∎ where are you putting up? où est-ce que tu loges?; (in hotel) où es-tu descendu?;∎ I'm putting up at Gary's for the moment je loge chez Gary pour le moment(b) (stand → in election) se présenter, se porter candidat;∎ she put up as a Labour candidate elle s'est présentée comme candidate du parti travailliste∎ put up or shut up! assez parlé, agissez!∎ you shouldn't let yourself be put upon like that! tu ne devrais pas te laisser marcher sur les pieds comme ça!supporter, tolérer;∎ I refuse to put up with this noise any longer! je ne supporterai pas ce bruit une minute de plus!;∎ we'll have to put up with it il faut l'accepter ou nous y résigner -
20 control
m.1 control (dominio).bajo control under controlfuera de control out of controlcontrol de la natalidad birth control2 examination, inspection.todos los productos pasan un riguroso control all the products are rigorously inspected o examined(bajo) control médico (under) medical supervisioncontrol antidoping dope o drugs testcontrol de calidad quality controlcontrol de existencias stock control3 checkpoint.control de pasaportes passport control4 test (exam).5 control (mando).el control del encendido/apagado the on/off switchcontrol remoto remote control6 check, checking, test.7 control knob, control, command.8 restraint.* * *1 (gen) control2 (comprobación) check3 (sitio) checkpoint\bajo el control de under the supervision ofestar bajo control to be under controlestar fuera de control to be out of controlllevar el control to be in controlperder el control to lose controlcontrol a distancia remote controlcontrol de calidad quality controlcontrol de natalidad birth controlcontrol de pasaportes passport controlcontrol de sí mismo self-controlcontrol policial roadblock* * *noun m.1) control2) check* * *SM1) (=dominio, vigilancia) controlperder el control — to lose control (of o.s.)
hacerse con el control de algo — to take control o charge of sth
control de o sobre sí mismo — self-control
2) (=inspección) (Jur) inspection, check; (Com, Econ) audit, auditing4) [de un aparato] control5) (=examen) (Educ) test6) (Med) testcontrol antidopaje — drugs test, dope test
control antidoping — drug test, dope test
control de alcoholemia — Breathalyser ® test
* * *1) ( dominio) control2) ( vigilancia)3) (en carretera, rally) checkpoint4)a) ( de aparato) controlb) controles masculino plural (Rad)5)a) (Educ) testb) (Med) check-up•* * *= check, control, grasp, hold, monitoring, regulation, supervision, toll, command, governance, mastery, checkpoint, grip, tracking, span of control, policing, tightening, rule, moderation, vetting.Ex. Checks on relationships that must be represented can be executed by examining each card in turn and seeking cards which show related terms.Ex. Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.Ex. When an item is in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain.Ex. SLIS will, however, need to retain a firm hold on their traditional market whilst also meeting more specialised competition.Ex. Automatic monitoring of activity on the computer system (i.e., logging transactions) was regarded as a powerful technique for evaluating user system interaction.Ex. If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.Ex. The use of clear armoured glass walls gives excellent visual supervision in the Rare Book Room and in the Manuscript and Local History Reading Room.Ex. Books are primarily repositories of ideas and information, for this reason most of them are used and a panoply of tolls are necessary in order to locate specific items.Ex. Businesses are using all of the new communicating technological developments to increase their command over the information they need.Ex. Public libraries specifically face enormous problems of funding and governance.Ex. The library has proven to be an imperfect panacea, and the librarian has suffered a definite loss of mastery.Ex. The article 'The information highway: on ramps, checkpoints, speed bumps and tollbooths' offers a comprehensive snapshot of the current policy and practices regarding the dissemination of government information in electronic form.Ex. It is therefore often hard to escape the grip of the official phraseology for fear that, in doing so, the meaning of the material will be altered or lost.Ex. Tracking of personal information attached to electronic text supplied by publishers is a potential violator of user privacy.Ex. What is needed is for the director to broaden her span of control by eliminating the position of assistant director.Ex. The article has the title ' Policing fraud and deceit: the legal aspects of misconduct in scientific enquiry'.Ex. Previous policies allowed professional interaction but recent tightening has made that more difficult.Ex. The British in Malaya used education as a divisive factor to prolong their rule, while the Americans in the Philippines adopted a 'Philippines for the Filipinos' policy = Los británicos en Malaya usaron la educación como un factor divisorio para prolongar su dominio, mientras los americanos en las Filipinas adoptaron una política de "Las Filipinas para los filipinos".Ex. The ETEL system guarantees relevance of the information through moderation by a newspaper editor.Ex. Criminal record checks have been an accepted form of pre-employment vetting for those with access to children for some years.----* activar un mecanismo de control = set + control.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* bajo el control de = under the control of.* bola para el control del cursor en pantalla = trackball.* bolsa de control de préstamo = book pocket.* campaña de control de alcoholemia = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.* campo de control = control field.* carácter de control = control character.* centro de control = locus of control, mission control.* circunstancias que están fuera de + Posesivo + control = circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.* código de control = processing code, control code.* colección de control = test collection.* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.* conseguir el control = gain + control (over/of).* control al azar = spot check.* control antidopaje = drug testing.* control antidoping = drug testing.* control bibliográfico = bibliographic control, bibliographical control.* control bibliográfico internacional = international bibliographical control.* Control Bibliográfico Universal (UBC) = UBC (Universal Bibliographic Control).* control de acceso = access control.* control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.* control de armas = arms control.* control de armas de fuego = gun control.* control de autoridades = authority control.* control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.* control de carretera = road check, roadside check, roadblock.* control de circulación = circulation control.* control de disturbios = riot control.* control de flujo del líquido = fluid-control.* control de frontera = border checkpoint, border control.* control de funcionamiento = benchmark.* control de la circulación de publicaciones seriadas = serials circulation control.* control de la natalidad = birth control.* control del armamento = arms control.* control de las enfermedades = disease control.* control de las malas hierbas = weed control.* control de la temperatura = climatic control.* control del estrés = stress management.* control de los artículos de las publicaciones periódicas = article-level control.* control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.* control del peso = weight control.* control del poder = hold on power.* control de masas = riot control, crowd control.* control de materias = subject control.* control de multitudes = crowd control.* control de plagas = pest control.* control de préstamo = circulation control.* control de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals control.* control de publicaciones seriadas = serials control, periodicals inventory control.* control de salida = exit barrier.* control de seguridad = security checkpoint.* control de volumen = volume controller, volume control.* control económico = fiscal control.* controles de funcionamiento = benchmarking.* controles de rendimiento = benchmark figures.* control férreo = iron-fisted grip, iron grip.* control fronterizo = border control, border checkpoint.* control mental = mind control.* control paterno = parental control.* control presupuestario = budgetary control.* control remoto = remote control, remote controller.* control remoto de llavero = key fob.* control terminológico = terminology control.* control total = stranglehold.* dígito de control = check digit.* dispararse fuera de control = spiral + out of control.* ejercer control = exert + control, wield + control.* ejercer control sobre = exercise + control over, have + hold on.* en control = controlling.* endurecer el control = tighten (up) + control.* estrechar el control = tighten + the grip.* falta de control = dirty data.* fichero de control de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals file [periodical file], periodical holdings file.* fuera de control = out-of-control, haywire.* fuera del control de = beyond the control of.* fuera de + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.* grupo de control = control group.* hacerse con el control de = take over + control of, take + control of.* ingeniería de control = control engineering.* lista de control = checklist [check-list].* lograr el control = gain + control (over/of).* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mecanismo de control = watchdog.* medida de control = control measure.* módulo de control de autoridades = authority control module.* módulo de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials control system, serials control module.* no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* número de control = control number.* organismo de control = watchdog.* palabra de control = control word.* panel de control = control panel.* perder control = lose + control (of).* perder el control = slip beyond + the grasp of, lose + Posesivo + grip, run + amok, sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go to + pieces, go + wild.* perder el control de Algo = get out of + hand.* perder el control de la situación = things + get out of hand.* puesto de control = checkpoint.* que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.* reclamar el control de = make + claim upon.* seguir con el control = stay in + control.* servicio centralizado de control de publicaciones seriadas = consolidation service.* sin control = uncontrolled.* sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.* sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.* sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.* sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.* someter a control = place under + control.* sujeto de control = control subject.* tecla CONTROL = CONTROL key [CTRL key].* tecla de control del movimiento horizontal = horizontal positioning key.* tecla de control del movimiento vertical = vertical positioning key.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tomar el control = take + the helm.* tomar el control de = take + control of.* torno de control de entrada = turnstile.* * *1) ( dominio) control2) ( vigilancia)3) (en carretera, rally) checkpoint4)a) ( de aparato) controlb) controles masculino plural (Rad)5)a) (Educ) testb) (Med) check-up•* * *= check, control, grasp, hold, monitoring, regulation, supervision, toll, command, governance, mastery, checkpoint, grip, tracking, span of control, policing, tightening, rule, moderation, vetting.Ex: Checks on relationships that must be represented can be executed by examining each card in turn and seeking cards which show related terms.
Ex: Control is exercised over which terms are used, but otherwise the terms are ordinary words.Ex: When an item is in its grasp, it snaps instantly to the next that is suggested by the association of thoughts, in accordance with some intricate web of trails carried by the cells of the brain.Ex: SLIS will, however, need to retain a firm hold on their traditional market whilst also meeting more specialised competition.Ex: Automatic monitoring of activity on the computer system (i.e., logging transactions) was regarded as a powerful technique for evaluating user system interaction.Ex: If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.Ex: The use of clear armoured glass walls gives excellent visual supervision in the Rare Book Room and in the Manuscript and Local History Reading Room.Ex: Books are primarily repositories of ideas and information, for this reason most of them are used and a panoply of tolls are necessary in order to locate specific items.Ex: Businesses are using all of the new communicating technological developments to increase their command over the information they need.Ex: Public libraries specifically face enormous problems of funding and governance.Ex: The library has proven to be an imperfect panacea, and the librarian has suffered a definite loss of mastery.Ex: The article 'The information highway: on ramps, checkpoints, speed bumps and tollbooths' offers a comprehensive snapshot of the current policy and practices regarding the dissemination of government information in electronic form.Ex: It is therefore often hard to escape the grip of the official phraseology for fear that, in doing so, the meaning of the material will be altered or lost.Ex: Tracking of personal information attached to electronic text supplied by publishers is a potential violator of user privacy.Ex: What is needed is for the director to broaden her span of control by eliminating the position of assistant director.Ex: The article has the title ' Policing fraud and deceit: the legal aspects of misconduct in scientific enquiry'.Ex: Previous policies allowed professional interaction but recent tightening has made that more difficult.Ex: The British in Malaya used education as a divisive factor to prolong their rule, while the Americans in the Philippines adopted a 'Philippines for the Filipinos' policy = Los británicos en Malaya usaron la educación como un factor divisorio para prolongar su dominio, mientras los americanos en las Filipinas adoptaron una política de "Las Filipinas para los filipinos".Ex: The ETEL system guarantees relevance of the information through moderation by a newspaper editor.Ex: Criminal record checks have been an accepted form of pre-employment vetting for those with access to children for some years.* activar un mecanismo de control = set + control.* aumentar el control = tighten (up) + control.* bajo el control de = under the control of.* bola para el control del cursor en pantalla = trackball.* bolsa de control de préstamo = book pocket.* campaña de control de alcoholemia = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.* campo de control = control field.* carácter de control = control character.* centro de control = locus of control, mission control.* circunstancias que están fuera de + Posesivo + control = circumstances beyond + Posesivo + control.* código de control = processing code, control code.* colección de control = test collection.* con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.* conseguir el control = gain + control (over/of).* control al azar = spot check.* control antidopaje = drug testing.* control antidoping = drug testing.* control bibliográfico = bibliographic control, bibliographical control.* control bibliográfico internacional = international bibliographical control.* Control Bibliográfico Universal (UBC) = UBC (Universal Bibliographic Control).* control de acceso = access control.* control de adquisiciones = acquisition control.* control de armas = arms control.* control de armas de fuego = gun control.* control de autoridades = authority control.* control de calidad = quality assurance (QA), quality control.* control de carretera = road check, roadside check, roadblock.* control de circulación = circulation control.* control de disturbios = riot control.* control de flujo del líquido = fluid-control.* control de frontera = border checkpoint, border control.* control de funcionamiento = benchmark.* control de la circulación de publicaciones seriadas = serials circulation control.* control de la natalidad = birth control.* control del armamento = arms control.* control de las enfermedades = disease control.* control de las malas hierbas = weed control.* control de la temperatura = climatic control.* control del estrés = stress management.* control de los artículos de las publicaciones periódicas = article-level control.* control de los presupuestos = budgetary control.* control del peso = weight control.* control del poder = hold on power.* control de masas = riot control, crowd control.* control de materias = subject control.* control de multitudes = crowd control.* control de plagas = pest control.* control de préstamo = circulation control.* control de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals control.* control de publicaciones seriadas = serials control, periodicals inventory control.* control de salida = exit barrier.* control de seguridad = security checkpoint.* control de volumen = volume controller, volume control.* control económico = fiscal control.* controles de funcionamiento = benchmarking.* controles de rendimiento = benchmark figures.* control férreo = iron-fisted grip, iron grip.* control fronterizo = border control, border checkpoint.* control mental = mind control.* control paterno = parental control.* control presupuestario = budgetary control.* control remoto = remote control, remote controller.* control remoto de llavero = key fob.* control terminológico = terminology control.* control total = stranglehold.* dígito de control = check digit.* dispararse fuera de control = spiral + out of control.* ejercer control = exert + control, wield + control.* ejercer control sobre = exercise + control over, have + hold on.* en control = controlling.* endurecer el control = tighten (up) + control.* estrechar el control = tighten + the grip.* falta de control = dirty data.* fichero de control de publicaciones periódicas = periodicals file [periodical file], periodical holdings file.* fuera de control = out-of-control, haywire.* fuera del control de = beyond the control of.* fuera de + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.* grupo de control = control group.* hacerse con el control de = take over + control of, take + control of.* ingeniería de control = control engineering.* lista de control = checklist [check-list].* lograr el control = gain + control (over/of).* mantener bajo control = keep + a rein on.* mantener control = hold + the reins of control.* mantener el control = stay in + control.* mantener un control férreo sobre = hold + an iron grip on.* mecanismo de control = watchdog.* medida de control = control measure.* módulo de control de autoridades = authority control module.* módulo de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials control system, serials control module.* no perder el control = stay on top of, stay on + top of things, keep on + top of things, be on top of things.* número de control = control number.* organismo de control = watchdog.* palabra de control = control word.* panel de control = control panel.* perder control = lose + control (of).* perder el control = slip beyond + the grasp of, lose + Posesivo + grip, run + amok, sweep + Nombre + off + Posesivo + feet, go to + pieces, go + wild.* perder el control de Algo = get out of + hand.* perder el control de la situación = things + get out of hand.* puesto de control = checkpoint.* que escapan a + Posesivo + control = beyond + Posesivo + control.* reclamar el control de = make + claim upon.* seguir con el control = stay in + control.* servicio centralizado de control de publicaciones seriadas = consolidation service.* sin control = uncontrolled.* sistema de control = monitoring system, vetting system.* sistema de control de la salida = exit control system.* sistema de control de publicaciones seriadas = serials system, serials control system.* sobre para el control del préstamo = slip holder pocket.* someter a control = place under + control.* sujeto de control = control subject.* tecla CONTROL = CONTROL key [CTRL key].* tecla de control del movimiento horizontal = horizontal positioning key.* tecla de control del movimiento vertical = vertical positioning key.* tener Algo bajo el control de Uno = have + Nombre + at + Posesivo + command.* tener control sobre = have + hold on.* tomar el control = take + the helm.* tomar el control de = take + control of.* torno de control de entrada = turnstile.* * *A (dominio) controlla epidemia está bajo control the epidemic is under controlperdió el control del vehículo he lost control of the vehicleel coche giró sin control the car spun, out of controlperdí el control y le di una bofetada I lost control (of myself) and slapped himno tiene ningún control sobre sí mismo he has no self-controlse hizo con el control de la compañía he gained control of the companyCompuestos:thought controlbudget o budgetary controlB(vigilancia, fiscalización): lleva el control de los gastos she keeps tabs o a check on the money that is spentCompuestos:arms controlquality control o checkcredit controlbirth controlpassport control● control del tráfico or tránsitotraffic controlsanitary controlsecurity checkC (en la carretera) checkpoint; (en un rally) checkpointD1 (de un aparato) controlel control del volumen/brillo the volume/brightness controlcon Martín en los controles with studio production by MartínCompuesto:remote controlfunciona a or por control remoto it works by remote controlE1 ( Educ) test2 ( Med) check-upCompuesto:control antidopaje or antidopingdope test, drug test* * *
control sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) control;
sin control out of control;
perdí el control I lost control (of myself);
hacerse con el control de algo to gain control of sth;
lleva el control de los gastos she keeps a check on the money that is spent;
control de (la) natalidad birth control;
control de calidad quality control o check;
control de pasaportes passport control;
control remoto remote control
2 (en carretera, rally) checkpoint
3a) (Educ) testb) (Med) check-up;
control sustantivo masculino
1 (dominio) control: está todo bajo control, everything is under control
2 Educ test
3 (inspección) check
control de calidad, quality control
4 (de Policía, militar) checkpoint, roadblock
5 control remoto, remote control
' control' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
absoluta
- absoluto
- adueñarse
- ajena
- ajeno
- angular
- autocontrol
- contención
- controlar
- controlarse
- cuadro
- descontrol
- descontrolarse
- desenfreno
- disciplina
- dominar
- dominación
- dominarse
- dominio
- dueña
- dueño
- encima
- fraude
- mando
- moderarse
- órbita
- palanca
- papel
- planificación
- potingue
- pública
- público
- regular
- regulación
- reportarse
- reprimirse
- reprivatizar
- resbalar
- retener
- rienda
- señorío
- sofocar
- teleguiada
- teleguiado
- telemando
- tenerse
- torre
- ala
- anticoncepción
- apoderarse
English:
air traffic control
- arms control
- beyond
- birth control
- check
- checkpoint
- control
- equity
- fiendish
- freak out
- gain
- grip
- hand
- hit
- hold
- knob
- over
- override
- panel
- passport control
- pest control
- piece
- quality control
- rein
- remote control
- resume
- roadblock
- rule
- runaway
- self-control
- speed trap
- take over
- tight
- tighten
- tighten up
- time clock
- time-keeping
- traffic control
- unionist
- volume control
- watchdog
- wild
- air
- birth
- boil
- break
- compose
- curb
- discipline
- dual
* * *control nm1. [dominio] control;bajo control under control;fuera de control out of control;perder el control [de vehículo] to lose control;[perder la calma] to lose one's temper;bebe/fuma sin control he drinks/smokes an enormous amountEcon control de cambios exchange control; Econ control de costos o Esp costes cost control; Fin control crediticio credit control; Fin control de crédito credit control; Econ control de gestión management control;control de (la) natalidad birth control;Econ control de precios price control2. [comprobación, verificación] examination, inspection;todos los productos pasan un riguroso control all the products are rigorously inspected o examined;(bajo) control médico (under) medical supervision;él se encarga del control del gasto he is the person in charge of controlling expenditure;efectúan un control continuo de su tensión his blood pressure is being continuously monitoredInformát control de acceso access control;el control de acceso al edificio the system controlling access to the building;control antidoping drugs test;control de armamento arms control;control de calidad quality control;Com control de existencias stock control;control financiero financial control;Av control de tierra ground control;control del tráfico aéreo air-traffic control3. [vigilancia] examination;un edificio sometido a un fuerte control a building with very heavy security4. [de policía] checkpoint;[en rally] checkpoint control de pasaportes passport control;control de velocidad por radar radar speed trap5. [examen] test, US quiztiene un buen control he's got good control7. [mando] control;el control del encendido/apagado the on/off switchcontrol remoto remote control;activar algo por control remoto to activate sth by remote control* * *m1 control;perder el control lose control;tenerlo todo bajo control have everything under control2 ( inspección) check* * *control nm1) : control2) : inspection, check3) : checkpoint, roadblock* * *control n1. (en general) control2. (examen) check
- 1
- 2
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