-
1 ἄκανθα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `thorn, thistle', name of different thorny plants (Strömberg Pflanzennamen 17), also `backbone, spine' of fishes, snake, man (Od.). Note ἄκανθος m. `acanthus' (Acanthus mollis).Other forms: ἀκανθίας kind of shark; grasshopper (cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Wortstudien 17); ἀκανθίς name of a bird (`goldfinch' or `linnet', cf. Thompson Birds s. v.), also a plant; ἀκανθυλλίς bird-name (Thompson s. v.), ἀκανθίων `hedgehog', ἀκανθέα a plant, ἀκανθηλή meaning unknown.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The basic meaning is `thorn', and from there `backbone, spine'. Usually, ἄκανος `pine-thistle' is considered basic, but a connection with ἄνθος is improbable; a compound *ἄκ-ανθα `Stachelblume' (Kretschmer Einleitung 403 A. 1) is a type of etymology of the past. ἄκαν-θα acc. to Solmsen Wortf. 264. Belardi assumes an Indo-Mediterranean substr. word, connecting Skt. kaṇṭ(h)a-, but such combinations with Sanskrit are mostly incorrect, the Indo-Med. hypothesis quite doubtful. Most probable is a (Greek) substr. element, though in this case there is no positive indication except short -α (Beekes, Pre-Greek). There is no reason to assume a secondary Greek formation, as assumed by DELG. - One connects ἀκαλανθίς = ἀκανθίς (Ar.); Niedermann Glotta 19, 8ff. through metathesis of *ἀκανθαλίς.Page in Frisk: 1,50Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκανθα
-
2 γλήνη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `eyeball' (Hom.; also reviling Θ 164), also `pupil of the eye' (Ruf. Onom., H.), metaph. `socket of a joint' (Gal.), `honeycomb' (AB, H.)Derivatives: γλήνεα n. pl. `gaudy things, trinkets' (Ω 192), `stars' (Arat.); sg. γλῆνος = γλήνη (Nic.), = φάος H. - γληνίς (IG 5 [1] 1447, 9, Messene III-IIa) meaning unknown. Artificial is hellenistic γλήν = γλήνη (Hermesian.), cf. Schwyzer 584 A. 6. PN: Γλῆνος, Γλῆνις, Γληνώ, Γληνεύς. - Unclear is the meaning of τρί-γληνα ( ἕρματα Hom.); τρίγληνος also as attribute of Hecate (Ath.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: A problem is that the basic meaning of the word is unknown. One compares γαλήνη, γέλως, but also γλαινοί τὰ λαμπρύσματα τῶν περικεφαλαιῶν, οἷον ἀστέρες H. The last word is only known from this gloss. DELG says it is `imprudent' to connect the words. Connection as an IE word is possible ( gleh₂-i-) but uncertain and unconvincing. Comparison of γλαινοί with OHG kleini `gleaming, elegant, fine, klein', OE clǣne `clean' is also quite uncertain. Doubtful Machek Listy filol. 72, 70 (to Slav. zrěnica `pupil'). - Lamer IF 48, 231f., assumes a basic meaning `puppet' and thinks the word is Pre-Greek. If we connect γλαινοί, which seems possible, the word is Pre-Greek (α\/αι is frequent in these words; cf. γηθυλλίς \/ γαιθυλλάδαι).Page in Frisk: 1,311-312Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γλήνη
-
3 σπήλαιον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `cave, cavern' (Pl., LXX, NT a. o.).Derivatives: σπηλαιώδης `cave-like', - αΐτης m. `god of caves' (Paus.), - άδιον n. (Theopomp. Com.; after the dimin. in - άδιον; not - ᾳδιον; cf. Hdn. Gr. 2, 488, 12). -- Beside it σπῆλυγξ, - υγγος f. `id.' (Arist., Theoc., A. R. a.o.) with σπηλυγγ-ώδης (EM), - οειδής (sch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Both σπήλαιον and σπῆλυγξ are clearly enlarging transformations of one and the same basic word after diff. examples: with σπῆλυγξ cf. the semantically close σῆραγξ, φάραγξ, also φάρυγξ, λάρυγξ; σπήλαιον after κατά-, ὑπό-γαιος, - ον? The basic λ-stem can be in the same relation to the σ-stem in σπέος as e.g. νεφ-έλη to νέφ-ος. Further unclear; quite doubtful hypotheses w. lit. in Bq s. v., WP. 2, 680, W.-Hofmann s. spīrō. -- Lat. LW [loanword] spēlaeum and spēlunca (s. W.-Hofmann s.v. and Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 60f.); Alb. LW [loanword] shpellë `rock, cave' (Pisani Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 152). - Furnée 123 reconstructs a *σπῆλυξ. -ῡκος from Lat. *spēlūca. He further adduces πῆλυξ = ῥαγάς (H., Phot.). He also reminds of Etr. śpel(a) `cave, tomb`. The word is no doubt Pre-Greek (note the prenasalization and the suffix - υγγ-).Page in Frisk: 2,765-766Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπήλαιον
-
4 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
-
5 σῶς
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `safe, healthy, intact' (Att.; also Hom., Hdt.).Other forms: σάος (ep. poet. Il. [ σαώτερος], also Cypr., Arc., Lac. etc.), σῶος (Hdt., Hp., X., hell.), σόος (ep., also Hdt.); comp. σαώτερος (A 32, X., Theoc., AP).Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ΣαϜο-κλέϜης (Cypr.), σαό-φρων (ep. poet.), σώ-φρων (Att.), Σαυ-κράτης (Boeot.), Σά-δαμος (Arc.); as 2. member in νηο-, τεκνο-σσόος (poet.; cf. on σεύομαι).Derivatives: Ep. aor. σαῶ-σαι, pass. σαωθῆναι, to which fut. σαώσω, pres. σαόω; with contraction IA. σῶσαι, σωθῆναι, σώσω (inscr. σωῶ), σῴζω (ε 490, Hes. Op. 376; from *σω-ΐζω); to this perf. midd. σέσωσμαι (trag.), σέσωμαι (Pl. a.o.), act. σέσωκα (hell.), often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to keep alive, to save', midd. pass. intr. `to stay alive, to save oneself'. As 1. member a. o. in σωσί-πολις `saving the city' (Ar., Str. a.o.). From the verb: 1. σωτήρ, - ῆρος m. `saviour' (h. Hom., Pi., IA.) with σωτηρ-ία, - ίη f. `rescue', - ιος `bringing rescue, saving' (IA.), - ιώδης `wholesome' (Gal. a.o.), - ιασταί m. pl. `worshippers' of the θεοὶ σωτῆρες resp. of Ἄρτεμις Σώτειρα (Rhod., Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 178). Archaising byforms: σαωτήρ (Call. a.o.), σαώτωρ (Maiist. IIIa), Σαώτης surn. of Dionysos (AP, Paus.); hypocorist. enlargement Σωτήριχος PN (Plu., Luc. a.o.). 2. f. σώτειρα. (Pi., IA.). 3. σῶστρα n. pl. (- σ- as in σέσω-σ-μαι a.o.) `reward for saving, thank-offering for saving lives' (Hdt., X. etc.) with σαοστρεῖ 3. sg. (prob. = σαω-; Cephallenia). 4. σωστικός ( δια-) `saving, preserving' (Arist. etc.). 5. δια-σώστης m. `policeman' (Just.). 6. ἀνα-σωσμός (Aq.), - σωσμα (Tz.) `rescue' -- On the frequent PN in Σω(ι-), Σωσ(ι)-, Σωτ(ο)- a.o. s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 413 ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1080] *teu̯h₂- `be strong' (meaning incorrect in Pok.)Etymology: The above forms can all go back on PGr. σάϜος (Cypr. ΣαϜο-κλέϜης); positing alternative basic forms like *σῶϜος or *σω[υ]ς is unnecessary. From σά(Ϝ)ος arose by contraction σῶς, from where through thematisation (via n. pl. σῶα, sg. σῶον?) σῶος; ep. σόος for σάος after σῶς or through metr. lengthening. Extensive treatment by Leumann Μνήμης χάριν 2, 8 ff. (Kl. Schr. 266 ff.) w. further details and rich lit. -- PGr. σάϜος can stand for IE *tu̯h₂-eu̯o-s; or rather it is a thematization of *σαυς \< *tu̯eh₂-us. Ablaut with *tu̯ō-ro-s, *tu̯ō-mn̥ (in σωρός?, σῶμα??) is quite uncertain; the basic meaning would then be approx. `be strong' (Prellwitz a.o.; s. Bq), which fits badly for a corpse; *tu̯oh₂-mn̥ is simple, but o-grade is improbable. Cf. σωρός and ταΰς, also on σαίνω.Page in Frisk: 2,844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶς
-
6 ἀμάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `draw (milk), gather' (Od.)Other forms: Act. ἀμάω only late.Derivatives: ἄμη `shovel' (Ar.), `hod' inscr., `water-bucket, pail' (Plu.; Lat. hama, Cato), `spade' (Gp.); prob. derived from the verb, not the other way round; from here ἁμίς f. `chamber-pot' (Hp.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Mostly connected with ἄμη, but even this seems not quite certain (Schulze Q. Ep. 365 n. 3 and Solmsen Beitr. 195 separate them). As the basic meaning of the verb and of ἄμη is unclear, the etym. is uncertain. - It has further been connected with ἀμνίον (q.v.) and ἄντλος (q.v.); also ἄμαλλα (q. v.) has been suggested; all uncertain (as ἄμαλλα means `sheaf', this can hardly be connected if ἀμάομαι is used primarily of water, liquids). Cf. Bechtel Lexil., Solmsen Wortforschung 180ff., WP. 2, 487, 489ff. - Connection with Skt. ámatram `vase' is also quite uncertain (unsatisfactory EWAia; words for vases mostly have no etym.). One has further connected Lith. semiù, sémti `scoop, ladle' with sámtis `ladle' (root * semH-); further Lat. sentīna `bilge-water' has been compared (s. ἄντλος). The meaning was no doubt originally technical, i.e. specific, so it should not (also) be connected with ἅμα.Page in Frisk: --Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμάομαι
-
7 ἀμεύσασθαι
Grammatical information: v.Etymology: The basic meaning is uncertain; see DELG. One compares ἀμύνω (improbable), further Lat. moveo, Lith. máuju máuti `tear off', Skt. mī́vati `move, push' (from * miH-(e)u-, the Greek form continuing * mieu-); all rather uncertain. If IE, the root may be * h₂meu-.Page in Frisk: 1,92Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀμεύσασθαι
-
8 ἄρπεζα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hedge' (Nic.), pl.; cf. ἀρπέζας τοὺς αἱμασιώδεις τόπους. οἱ δε τείχη καὶ περιβόλους. οἱ δε τὰ κλιμακώδη χωρία H.).Other forms: ἄρπεζος f. `ds.' (Mylasa). Cf. further ἄρπισαι αἱμασιαί. η τάφρους and ἄρπιξ εἶδος ἀκάνθης, Κύπριοι H. Also ἀρπάναι· μάνδραι βοσκήματων.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Νο etymology. Connection with ἅρπη, ἁρπεδόνη, ἁρπάζω is not convincing. (Chantraine's suggestion that the basic meaning is `limit of a terrain', and so perhaps connected with ἀρπεδόνη, is improbable: it is something concrete in the terrain, functioning as boundary, like αἱμασία.) The variation - εζα\/- ισα is the typical type of variation found in substr. words.Page in Frisk: 1,150Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄρπεζα
-
9 βλέτυες
Grammatical information: pl.m\/f?Meaning: αἱ βδέλλαι H.Other forms: *βλίτυξ (ms. βαιτυξ) βδέλλα H.; the correction (Latte) seems evident, but is not mentioned by DELG.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Analysed as a - τυ-derivation from a stam βλε- seen in καταβλέθει and καβλέει (both) καταπίνει, and βλεῖ βλίσσει, ἀμέλγει, βλίζει H.; note that βλίζω is further unknown, and that βλίσσει can hardly be βλίττω which has a quite different meaning (`cut out the comb of bees'); DELG s.v. thinks the gloss may be corrupt. But a root βλε- is impossible in IE (basic shape CeC-). So the word must be Pre-Gr., which is confirmed by βλίτυξ (Fur. 355; for - υς beside - υξ cf. Fur. 218 on μῆρυξ). Cf. βλωμός, βλῆρ, βλῆραι, βδελλα, δέλεαρ,Page in Frisk: 1,243Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βλέτυες
-
10 γύης
γύης, - ουGrammatical information: m.Meaning: A difficult complex of several words. It (probably) consists of: (1) γύαλον, (2) γυῖα, (3) ἐγγύη, which I treated separately (s.vv.) [DELG γύη(ς) 1, 4, 2.]; here I discuss γύη(ς) [DELG 3., 5.] It has the follwong uses a. `the curved piece of wood in a plough (Hes. Op. 427, 436), ἄροτρον αὑτόγυον `plough, whose γύης is of one piece with the ἔλυμα and ἱστοβοεύς, not fitted together πηκτὸν)' (Hes.); b. mostly pl. `lands' (trag.), also a measure in τετρά-γυος etc. (Hom.); sometimes fem., cf. γύη μέτρον πλέθρου H.; also γύος m. (pap.); c. `the system of ἀστράγαλοι' (H., Poll.); d. - γυος with e. ἀμφίγυοςCompounds: ἀμφί-γυος of lance and javelin (Il.) `with a limb at each end' =? (Trümpy, Krieger. Fachausdrücke 59; of Hephaistos, meaning uncertain; `with two lame feet' ? τετρά-γυος `of four g.' (land-measure)Etymology: One assumes a basic *γυ(η)- `curv(ing)'. For comparison we have NPers. gōšā `corner' and Av. gu- `hand'; other forms in Pok. 393-8 are hardly relevant.. - Uncleaar is the meaning ἀμφί-γυος ( ἔγχος, δόρυ; Hom.; metrical lengthening ἀμφιγυήεις of Hephaistos `on both sides (legs) crooked' (?). - Here prob. γύαλον, γυῖα; s. also γυρός (s. vv.); hardly to γυλιός. -Page in Frisk: 1,331-332Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γύης
-
11 δῖος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `belonging to heaven, godlike' (Il.), also `belonging to Zeus' (trag.); often as month name (Thessaly, Macedonia etc.).Etymology: Old adjective, identical with Skt. div(i)yá- `heavenly', Lat. dīus `godlike', IE *diu(i)i̯o-; s. Ζεύς. The adjective may replace the gen. of the basic word, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 176ff., also Löfstedt Syntactica 1, 107ff. - Beside masculine *δίϜ-ι̯ος the feminin derivation was δῖα \< *δίϜ-ι̯ᾰ, first in substantival function `daughter of heaven, goddess', e. g. δῖα γυναικῶν `goddess among women'; from there δῖα θεάων etc.; s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 116.Page in Frisk: 1,396-397Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δῖος
-
12 δόλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `bait, any trick or stratagem for catching, trick' (Il.).Derivatives: δόλιος `deceiving, tricky' (Od.) with δολιότης (LXX), δολιεύομαι `deceive' (LXX) and δολιόω `id.' (LXX); - δολερός `id.' (Ion.-Att.), δολόεις `cunning' (Od.). - Lengthened δόλευμα `trick' (Aen. Tact.; s. Chantr. Form. 186f.). - Denomin. δολόω `beguile' (Hes.) with δόλωσις (X.) and δόλωμα (A.; Chantraine l.c.); also δολίζω `falsify' (Dsc.). - Here also δολία = κώνειον, `hemlock' (Ps.-Dsc.), cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 64; cf. Latte z. St.; δολάνα μαστροπός. \< Λάκωνες\> H.; familiar word, see Chantraine 199; also δόλοπα κατάσκοπον, μαστροπόν with δολοπεύει ἐπιβουλεύει, ἐνεδρεύει H. - On δολεών ὁ δοθιήν H. s.v. δοθιήν.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The identity of δόλος and Lat. dolus, Osc. dolom, -ud (acc., abl.) seems evident; but is the Italic word a loan from Greek? One compares also a Germanic word: ONord. tāl f. `deception, trick', OE tǣl f. `blame, slander, derision', OHG zāla f. `danger', PGm. * tēlō, would be IE * dēlā with long e (see Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 153f.). - There is no primary verb. Connection with dolāre and δαιδάλλω (s. v.) is quite hypothetical. Given its concrete basic meaning, it could well be a Pre-Greek word. - Unclear δόλος πάσσαλος H.; cf. Specht Ursprung 157 and 219. - On δόλων s.v.Page in Frisk: 1,407-408Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δόλος
-
13 ἐλαία
Grammatical information: f.Compounds: Because of the economic value of the oil and the olivetree there are many compounds, esp. since hellen. times. As 1. member ἐλαιο- refers not only to ἔλαιον, but also to ἐλαία, e. g. ἐλαιό-φυτος `planted with olives' (A.). As 2. member in bahuvrihi, e. g. ἄν-ελαιος `without oil, olives' (Thphr., Str.); in determinatives, e. g. ἀγρι-έλαιος = ἄγριος ἔλαιος (Thpr. usw.), χαμ-ελαία `Daphne oleoides' (Nic.), cf. Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 110; γλυκ-έλαιον `sweet-oil', ὑδρ-έλαιον "wateroil", i. e. `oil mixed with water' (late).Derivatives: ἔλαιον n. `olive-oil, oil in general' (Il.); on the pair ἐλαία (- ος): ἔλαιον, for the tree resp. the product, s. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 17, Schwyzer-Debrunner 30. Substantiva: ἐλᾱΐς f., acc. pl. ἐλᾳ̃δας `olive-trees' (Att.; s. Chantr. Form. 344), diminut. ἐλᾳδιον (- ίδιον) `small olive-tree', also (from ἔλαιον) `a little oil' (Com., pap.); ἐλαιών, - ῶνος m. `thicket of olives' (LXX, pap.), `the olive mountain' (NT, J.), diminut. ἐλαιωνίδιον (pap.); ἐλαιεύς `id.' (Chalkis; s. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 21f.). Adj. ἐλαίϊνος, ἐλά̄ϊνος `of olive -wood, belonging to the olive' (Il.), `of olive-oil' (Orph. L. 717); - ίνεος `of olive-wood' (ι 320 and 394; metrically easy contamination of - ινος and - εος, Risch Wortbildung 122, Schmid -εος und -ειος 38); ἐλαϊκός `of olive' (Aristeas, pap.); ἐλαιηρός `regarding oil' (Hp., Pl., pap. ; s. Chantraine 232); ἐλαιώδης `oily' (Hp., Arist.); ἐλαιήεις `belonging to the olive' (S.; on the formation Schwyzer 527). Denomin. verbs: ἐλαΐζω `cultivate olives' with ἐλαιστήρ, - τής `collector of olives' (Poll.) and ἐλαιστήριον `olive-press' (Mylasa); ἐλαιόομαι `be oiled' (Arist.) with ἐλαίωσις (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lat. olīva, from Greek, proves a basic *ἐλαίϜᾱ, with *ἔλαιϜον to Lat. oleum. From Latin all European forms (s. W.-Hofmann 2, 205f.). On itself Arm. ewɫ `oil', which comes together with ἐλαία, ἔλαιον from a Mediterranaean source (Crete?, s. W.-Hofmann s. v.). See Bq. - The word is no doubt a Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,480Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλαία
-
14 ἔνερθε(ν)
ἔνερθε(ν)Grammatical information: adv., prep.Meaning: `(from) below, below'.Derivatives: Compare ἔνεροι `those below, those below the earth', of the dead and the gods below the earth (Hom.), ἐνέρτερος, νέρτερος `below (the earth)' (Hom.), sup. ἐνέρτατος `the lowest' (Emp.).Etymology: Cf. the opposites ὕπερ-θε(ν), ὑπέρ-τερος, - τατος, to ὑπέρ; also ὕπερον, ὑπέρα (s. vv.). - A good formal agreement to νέρτερος gives Italic in Umbr. nertru `sinistro', Osc. nertra-k `a sinistra'. One compares further Germanic words for `north', e. g. OWNo. norđr n., which requires zero grade: PGm. *núrÞra-, IE *nr̥tro-. Basic meaning: `region where the sun is below', or `left side of someone who prays when turning to the east'. Another formation in Arm. ner-k`-in `the one below' (cf. i nerk`oy, i nerk` ust `(from) below'). Diff. again is Skt. naraka- `hell' (Wackernagel-Debrunner Ai. Gramm. II: 2, 150). Without consonantal suffix Toch. B ñor `below'; also A ñare, B nray, nrey `world below, hell' rather LW [loanword] from Skt.. niraya- `id.'; cf. Duchesne-Guillemin BSL 41, 180. - As Armenian has no e-, this may be a Greek innovation. (Improbable Bezzenberger BB 27, 174, Güntert IF 27, 49 and Sonne KZ 14, 11: ἔν ἔρᾳι = in the earth). - Further to Lith. neriù, ner̃ti `dive in, slip in' etc. (s. δενδρύω)? S. also νειρός. - The e- may be compared with that of ἐκεῖ?Page in Frisk: 1,514-515Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔνερθε(ν)
-
15 ἔντεα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Other forms: ( ἔντος sg. Archil. 6)Compounds: As 1. member in ἐντεσι-μήστωρ (also ἐντεο-) ἔμπειρος ὅπλων H., further in ἐντεσι-εργούς `working in harness'(?), of ἡμιόνους (acc. pl. Ω 277), by Schulze Q. 158f. after Nauck, who reminds of ἀνυσιεργός in Theoc. 28, 14, changed into ἐννεσι-εργούς `performing work' (s. also Knecht Τερψίμβροτος 35; objections by Trümpy 81; s. also Patzer Hermes 80, 321); his connection with the aorist ἤνεσα, which is only attested since IIa (innovation after ἐτέλεσα?) does not convince. S. Bechtel Lex. s. v.Derivatives: None.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Beside ἔντεα there is ἐντύνω, - ομαι, ἐντύω, aor. ἐντῦναι `equip, prepare, ' (Il.). As it recalls ἀρτύ(ν)ω, it may have been created after it (Porzig Satzinhalte 338). A basic noun *ἐντύς could be assumed. - If - τος (resp. - τυ-) was a suffix, ἔντεα could be connected with ἄνυμι, ἀνύω (s. v.) (Lobeck Rhematicon 121), and further to ἔναρα and αὑθέντης (s. v.; on the psilosis Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 186).Page in Frisk: 1,523-524Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔντεα
-
16 ἐπήρεια
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bad treatment, offence, threat' (Att.).Derivatives: ἐπηρεάζω (- ει- IG 5 [2]: 6, 46, Tegea IVa) `treat presumptuously, revile, threat' (Hdt., Att., Arc.) with ἐπηρεασμός (Arist.), - αστής (Sm., pap.), - αστικός ( Com. Adesp. 202 u. a.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Abstract of an adjective *ἐπ-ηρής, usually connected with ἀρειή, ἀρή (s. vv.) but in detail unclear. Acc. to Wackernagel KZ 33, 57 = Kl. Schr. 1, 736 with lengthening in compounds from *ἔρος, which he finds in ἐρεσχηλέω (s. v.). Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 109 n. 3 considers *ἔρος as full grade of ἀπ-αρές, ἄρος (s. ἀρή), ἀρειή (\< *ἀρεσ-ιά̄), Ἄρης [hardly possible}. Blanc RPh 71 (1997)159 thinks the basic meaning is `want to find difficulties' and connects ἐρέθω, ἐρεθίζω; no details.Page in Frisk: 1,535Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐπήρεια
-
17 ἔρανος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `meal on joint account, meal of friends' (Od., Pi.); `loan from friends, society' (Att. hell.).Compounds: comp. ἐραν-άρχης `president of an ἔρανος' with - έω (Pap. u. a.), also ἀρχ-έρανος = ἀρχ-ερανιστής (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 232; 2, 111) with - ίζω (inscr.).Derivatives: ἐρανικός `regarding an ἔ.' and denomin. ἐρανιζω, - ομαι `collect contributions' (Att. hell.) with ἐράν-ισις (Pl.), - ισμός (D. H.), ἐρανιστής `participant or member of an ἔ.' (Att. hell.; Fraenkel 1, 173f.), also ἐρανεστής (Achä.) after κηδεστής a. o. (diss. Fraenkel l. c.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Uncertain. Acc. to Brugmann IF 13, 155ff. together with ἔροτις `feast' (Aeol. etc.) and ἑορτή (s. v.) to ἦρα `pleasure, service'; s. v. with connections outside Greek. Basic form *Ϝέρα-νος, *Ϝέρο-τις, but their origin is unknow: Pre-Greek?.Page in Frisk: 1,547-548Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔρανος
-
18 ἐρυθρός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `red' (Il.).Compounds: E.g. ἐρυθρό-πους `with red feet' bird-name (Ar.); ἐξ-έρυθρος `reddish' as sign of illness (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Prefix Studies 67f.), λευκ-έρυθρος `white-red, flat-red' (Arist.; Risch IF 59, 60).Derivatives: ἐρυθρίας m. "the red", surname after the red colour (Arist.; cf. ὠχρίας etc. and Chantraine Formation 93, Schwyzer-Debrunner 18); ἐρυθρῖνος, also with dissimilation (or after ἐρυθαίνομαι, s. below) ἐρυθῖνος name of a fish (Arist.; Strömberg Fischnamen 21); Έρυθῖνοι pl. name of a town (Β 855; cf. Έρυθραί below); ἐρυθρόδανον, - ος plant (Dsc.), also ἐρευθέδανον, s. ἐρεύθω; ἐρυθραῖος = ἐρυθρός (D. P.); ἐρυθρότης `red colour' (Gal.). - Pl. f. Έρυθραί torn in Ionia (Hdt.; from the Trachyt-rocks) with Έρυθραϊκὸν σατύριον plant-name (Dsc., Plin.), also ἐρυθρόνιον (Ps.-Dsc.; after Ίόνιον and other nouns in - όνιον); Έρυθραϊκός also from ἡ Έρυθρά ( θάλασσα; adjunct of κυβερήτης, inscr. Ip). - Denomin. verbs ἐρυθριάω `become red' (Att.; after the verbs of disease in - ιάω; Schwyzer 732) with ἐρυθρίασις, - ησις (Hp., H.); ἐρυθραίνομαι, -ω `become, make red' (X.). - Also ἐρυθαίνομαι, -ω, aor. ἐρύθηνα `id.' (Il.) with ἐρύθημα `becoming red, redness' (Hp., Th.); s. below.Etymology: Old adjective: Lat. rŭber, R.-CSl. rьdьrъ (s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. rëdryĭ), Toch. A. rtär, B. rätre, Skt. rudhirá- (reshaped after rudhi- in rudhikrā́- name of a demon); OWNo. rođra f. `blood'. - Othe languages have a diff. stem. OWNo. rjōđr, OE rēod have against most Germanic forms (s. below) the same vowel as the verbs rjōđa, resp. rēodan (= ἐρεύθω, s. v.) and may therefore be secondary; a basic form IE *h₁reudhós agrees with λευκός (beside λεύσσω). An old eu can also be found in Lith. raũdas, Lat. (dial.) rūfus, rōbus, Celt., e. g. OIr. rūad, Skt. lohá- `reddish' m. n. `red metall, copper, iron'. The forms mentioned may also continue IE * h₁roudhos, which is seen in most Germanic forms, Goth. rauÞs, ONo. rauđr, OE rēad, OHG rōt. - (The old denomin. ἐρυθαίνομαι points together with ἐρυθρός to an orig. r-n-stem * rudh-r-, * rudh-n-). There existed perhaps a neutral s-stem *h₁réudhos (= ἔρευθος), and a verb *h₁réudhō (= ἐρεύθω).; the o-stem had o-vocalism in * h₁roudhos. See Pok. 872f., W.-Hofmann s. ruber, Ernout-Meillet s. rubeō; and Porzig Gliederung 194f., Schwentner KZ 73, 110ff. - S. also ἐρεύθω but ἐρυσίβη.Page in Frisk: 1,567-568Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρυθρός
-
19 ἠπεροπεύς
Grammatical information: m.Derivatives: With ἠπεροπεύω, only present-stem `cheat, deceive' (Hom., Hes.) with ἠπεροπευτής (only voc. - τά Γ 39 = Ν 768, h. Merc. 282 u. a.; on the formation Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 20f., 2, 34) and ἠπερόπευμα (Critias).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Because of the rarity of the attestations one is prepared to accept, with Boßhardt Die Nomina auf - ευς 26 that ἠπεροπεύς is a retrograde deriv. of ἠπεροπεύω. Basic *ἠπερ-οψ, *ἠπερ-οπός, -ή has got many explanations: Skt. ápara- `more behind, other' (Curtius 263, Prellwitz BB 22, 112); Lat. săpiō (Solmsen KZ 42, 233 n. 1); Gr. ἤπιος (L. Meyer 1, 609); ἀπάτη (Kuiper Glotta 21, 283f.; vgl. s. v.). Kuiper's connection with ἀπατ-άω is most attractive. There is no good IE etymology, so a loan, i.e. a Pre-Greek word, is quite possible (thus DELG).Page in Frisk: 1,640Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἠπεροπεύς
-
20 θεῖον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `brimstone' (Il., IA).Other forms: ep. θέειον, also θήϊον (χ 493)Compounds: also with δια-, ἐκ-, περι-, `treat with sulphur' (Od., medic.); from here θεώματα τὰ περικαθαρτήρια H.Derivatives: Diminutivum θε(ι)άφιον (H., Tz.; θέαφος Eust.), adj. θειώδης `sulphuric' (Str., medic.), denomin. verb θειόω, θεόω, ep. θεειόω,Etymology: The basic form was θέειον, from where through hyphaeresis θεῖον, through further loss of the ι θεόω, θεάφιον; further through metrical lengthening and suffix-change unique θήϊον. θέειον \< *θϜέσειον is a substantivized adjective from a noun *θϜέσος n. prop. `smoke', formed to a verb for `smoke, breathe (out)' in Lith. dves-iù `expire the soul'. Solmsen Unt. 85ff. (in details diff.). Cf. on θεός and 2. θύω.Page in Frisk: 1,658Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θεῖον
Страницы
См. также в других словарях:
basic information — pagrindinė informacija statusas T sritis Kūno kultūra ir sportas apibrėžtis Impulsai apie judesius, į juos valdančią sistemą ateinantys iš judėjimo aparato – raumenyse, sausgyslėse, raiščiuose esančių receptorių: apie raumenų ilgio, jų įtampos… … Sporto terminų žodynas
Information processing — is the change (processing) of information in any manner detectable by an observer. As such, it is a process which describes everything which happens (changes) in the universe, from the falling of a rock (a change in position) to the printing of a … Wikipedia
Information leakage — happens whenever a system that is designed to be closed to an eavesdropper reveals some information to unauthorized parties nonetheless. For example, when designing an encrypted instant messaging network, a network engineer without the capacity… … Wikipedia
information — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ accurate, correct, precise ▪ authoritative, credible, reliable ▪ erroneous, false, inaccurate … Collocations dictionary
basic — ba|sic W1S1 [ˈbeısık] adj [Date: 1800 1900; Origin: base] 1.) forming the most important or most necessary part of something →↑basics ▪ the basic principles of chemistry ▪ The basic idea is simple. ▪ basic research ▪ basic information … Dictionary of contemporary English
Basic (langage) — BASIC Pour les articles homonymes, voir Basic. {{{image}}} Sigles d une seule lettre Sigles de deux lettres Sigles de trois lettres … Wikipédia en Français
Information security — Components: or qualities, i.e., Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA). Information Systems are decomposed in three main portions, hardware, software and communications with the purpose to identify and apply information security… … Wikipedia
Basic skills — can be compared to higher order thinking skills. Facts and methods are highly valued under the back to basics approach to education.* Facts are learned one at a time, in isolation, as compared to an integrated curriculum which combines fields of… … Wikipedia
BASIC — Класс языка: алгоритмическое, процедурное, объектное программирование Появился в: 1963 г. Расширение файлов: .bas Типизация данных: нестрогая Бейсик (от BASIC, сокращение от англ. … Википедия
Information visualization — the interdisciplinary study of the visual representation of large scale collections of non numerical information, such as files and lines of code in software systems [S.G. Eick (1994). Graphically displaying text . In: Journal of Computational… … Wikipedia
Information technology consulting — (also called IT consulting, Computer consultancy, Computing consultancy, technology consulting business and technology services or IT advisory) is a field that focuses on advising businesses on how best to use information technology to meet their … Wikipedia
