ByzZ

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: a kind of owl, Stix flammea (Arist.).

Other forms: also αἰγώλιος

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: The reading αἰτώλιος (Arist. ΗΑ 563^a 31) is wrong, as appears from forms in southern Italy, agoléo etc.; Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 55. Etym. unknown. See Thompson Birds s. v.

Page in Frisk: 1,33

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `pluck (flowers)' (Sapph.), also of olives = `squeeze'? ( Com. Adesp. 437; ἀμέργω τὸ ἐκπιέζω Hdn.). - The meaning `to squeeze olives' suggests a Pre-Greek word.

Compounds: XX [unknown]

Derivatives: ἀμόργη `watery part which runs out when olives are pressed' (Hp.; \> Lat. amurca, amurga), also ἀμόργης, ἄμοργος, ἄμοργις; ngr. μούργα, μοῦργος s. Kapsomenos ByzZ 36, 316f., Psaltes Festschrift Hatzidakis 66ff. - Nom. ag. (in metaph. sense) ἀμοργοί πόλεως ὄλεθροι (Cratin.). ἄμοργμα σύλλεγμα, ἄρτυμα H. - Unclear ἀμοργίς, - ίδος f. `stalks of mallow, Malva silvestris' (Ar.); after the island Amorgos (Taillardat, Rev.de phil. 33, 1959, 66; cf. also REG 64, 1951, 11ff.)? - The meaning `squeeze olives' suggests a Pre-Greek word.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: Lat. mergae `pitch-fork' seems not related. - Though a PIE root * h₂merg- is perfectly possible, the word may also be a technical term borrowed from the substr. language, esp. if it originally refers specifically to the handling of olives (the name of the island is no doubt also a substr. element).

Page in Frisk: 1,91-92

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `cow-dung'; (s. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 54f.);

Other forms: - ος m. (Thphr.), βόλβιθος (PMag. Par.; after σπύραθος, σπέλεθος ?, s. Chantr. Form. 367); also βόλιτον, - ος (Cratin.); βόλβιτα ἀφόδευμα βοός H. (i.e. βόλβις), βόλβυθον τὸ αὐτό H.

Derivatives: βολίτινος (Ar.); βολίταινα cuttle fish, which smells badly (Arist.), also βολβίτιον (Gal.) and βολβίς (Epich.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: "The usual assumption that βόλιτον arose from βόλβιτον through progressive dissimilation, is hardly convincing" (Frisk). But that βόλβιτον is euphemistical through the influence of βολβός (Frisk) is not very convincing either. To derive βόλιτον from βάλλω, βόλος, and βολεών `Düngerhaufen' leaves the formation unexplained. It is much more natural to assume variation in a Pre-Greek word, which is confirmed by the fact that the suffix - ιτον is known from there (Fur. 163; further 180, 187; further the θ and the υ are typical variations. I wonder whether the variation β\/zero, to which Furnée devotes a chapter, derived from a labial [l]: * balʷ-it-, on which see αὖλαξ and Beekes, Pre-Greek. - The discussions in Frisk and DELG are examples of the wrong approach of Pre-Greek words: explaining away the characteristics of Pre-Greek.

Page in Frisk: 1,249

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: λάγυνος η ἀμίς. Ταραντῖνοι H.

Other forms: Cf. Att. πῡτῑ́νη `flask covered with plated osier' (Poll.), title of a comedy of Cratinus, Ar. fr. 880 K.-A..

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The interchange π\/β shows Pre-Gr. origin (voiced\/voiceless being extremely frequent in such words: Fur. 101-200). The suffix -ῑν- is also frequent in Pre-Gr. (Beekes, Pre-Greek). - From here VLat. butina with further loans in Germanic, e. g. OE byden, OHG butin, Germ. Bütte; from Germanic Finn. putina, Russ. bódnja etc., s. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v. Perhaps further to Lat. buttis `barrel' with but(t)icula, butticella. - ModGr. forms Georgakas ByzZ 42, 78.

Page in Frisk: 1,278

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: name of a ghost (Sapph.); εἴδωλον Έμπούσης τὸ τῶν ἀώρων, τῶν παρθένων, and δαίμων, ἥν γυναῖκες τὰ νεογνὰ παιδία φασὶν ἁρπάζειν H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Perhaps in MedGr. and ModGr. Γυλοῦ, s. Maas ByzZ 17, 224f., Kretschmer Glotta 2, 331. No doubt a Pre-Greek figure.

Page in Frisk: 1,295

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: σκαφίον, βόθρον H. ModGr. (Laconia etc.) γράβα = τρώγλη, `hole', often in place names, s. Georgakas ByzZ 41, 360f., Rohlfs WB 461.

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Germ.

Etymology: With Kretschmer Arch. slav. Phil. 27, 234 from Germ., Goth. OHG graba `ditch'. Or from\/through Illyrian? S. also Hubschmid ZRPh 77, 1961, 432. Cf. γράβιον.

Page in Frisk: 1,323

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `torch, oak wood' (Stratt.; also S. Fr. 177 [cod. γραφίοις]?).

Origin: SUX [probably of Pre-Greek origin] Eur.

Etymology: From an (Illyr.?) word for `beech, oak', * grabu, seen in Umbr. Grabovius, surname of Iupiter; the word is found in ModGr. γράβος (Epirus), γάβρος (Arcadia). Further to Russ. grab etc., and OPr. wosi-grabis. S. Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v., Georgakas ByzZ 41, 361f., Porzig Gliederung 148. Rejected by Garbini, Studi Pisani I 391ff. Also Restelli, Studi Pisani II 820. Cf. κράββατος. - Fur. 169 compares γοβρίαι φανοί, λαμπτῆρες H, which cannot be ignored; he concludes that the word is a non-IE substratum word perh. from the Balkans.

Page in Frisk: 1,323

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: 1. `mode of life, prescribed way of life, dwelling' (Pi., Ion., also Att.; on the meaning `ornaments' in LXX Del Medico ByzZ 44, 413ff.); 2. `arbitration' (att.).

Derivatives: διαιτάομαι `feed onself, live somewhere, be somewhere' (Ion.-Att.), - άω `treat as a physician' (Hp.); 2. διαιτάω `distinguish, be arbitrator' (Pi., Att.). - διαίτημα mostly plur. `way of life' (Hp.) with διατηματώδης; διαίτησις `way of life' (Hp.); διαιτητήρια pl. `living room' (X.); διαιτητικός `belonging to the food' (Hp.), and `belonging to the arbitration' (Str.); uncertain διαιτί[α = διαίτησις (epist. Hadr.; Hesperia 3, 41). - διαιτητής `arbiter' (Hdt.), διαιτατε̄́ρ (Olympia VI<sup>a</sup>) and διαιτήσιμος `belonging to the arbiter' (Is.; after ἐφέσιμος; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 69f.); τὸ διαιτητικόν `decision of an arbiter' (pap.). - διαίτωμα (Delph. II^a) = δίαιτα, s. Chantr. Form. 187).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: Like ἀρτάω from *ἀ(Ϝ)ερτάω beside primary ἀείρω, so δι-αιτάομαι, - άω stands beside primary αἴνυμαι (s. Schwyzer 705f.); so it means `take out, divide', from where `divide food, feed oneself, live', on the other hand, with reference to juirisdiction like αἴτιος (s. v. and αἶσα), `decide'. From the verb retrograde δίαιτα. Only in the medical sense of `treat as physician' is διαιτάω a denominative of δίαιτα. - Diff. διαιτάω, δίαιτα Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 23f.

Page in Frisk: 1,384

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `intestinal worm, parasitic worm' (Hp., Arist.); NGr. forms in Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 56f.

Other forms: (Arist.), gen. ἕλμινθος (with new nom. ἕλμινς Hp.), also ἕλμιγγος etc.; also acc. ἕλμιθα (epid.); nom. pl. ἕλμεις (Dsc.). Difficult λίμινθες ἕλμινθες. Πάφιοι H.

Compounds: As 1. member in ἑλμινθο-βότανον `herb used against worms' (medic.).

Derivatives: ἑλμίνθ-ιον (dimin.), - ώδης `worm-like', - ιάω `suffer from worms' (Hp., Arist.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: If the dental- and velar enlargements are removed (Schwyzer 510 and 498, Chantr. Form. 366 and 400) we get a word, that agrees in its ending with two other names for `worm'. (One is found in Indo-Iranian (e. g. Skt. kŕ̥mi-), in Albanian ( krimp), Baltic (e. g. Lith. kirmìs), Slavic (e. g. OCS črъmьnъ `red' \< * črъmь, slov. čr̂m `fingerworm, carbuncle'), Celtic (e. g. OIr. cruim). The other is limited to Latin ( vermis) and Germanic (e. g. Goth. waurms), but has relatives in Balto-Slavic (e. g. OPr. vormyan `red', ORuss. vermie `ἀκρίδες') and Greek (Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος; cf. also, with different formation, ῥόμος σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H.). Of these IE *kʷr̥mi- seems to be the oldest, both for its wide distribution, especially in frontier areas, as because it is etymologically isolated (cf. Porzig Gliederung 208f.). The riming *u̯r̥mi- may have been adapted to the verb *u̯er- `turn, bend' (cf. ῥόμος and ῥατάναν). A further innovation would be found in Greek because it connected the verb u̯el- `turn, wind' (s. 2. εἰλέω), which gave two further forms for `worm', εὑλή and Ϝάλη (written ὑάλη). (From Tocharian A one adds walyi pl. `worms'.) - The last mentioned (three) forms (with -l-) are clearly unrelated. The IE forms have -r-, but our word has -l- (so the word is not IE, as Furnée 290 holds). Though DELG does not think it necessary to take the - νθ- as a sign of Pre-Greek, I don't see why. Note that the form ἔλμιγγος also shows the typical Pre-Greek prenasalization (cf. acc. ἔλμιθα IG IV 1², 122,10 Epidauros). The form λίμινθες also rather suggests a Pre-Greek variant. Was it *l^ymi(n)t-? (with proothetic vowel a- which became e- before the palatal l?). Note that the NGr. forms λεβίθα, - ίδες confirm the vowel right of the l (see DELG).

Page in Frisk: 1,501

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `kook, seethe' (Ion.-Att.).

Other forms: Aor. ἑψῆσαι, fut. ἑψήσω (Ion.-Att.), perf. ἥψηκα (Ph.); new presents ἑψέω, - άω;

Compounds: also with prefix, e. g. ἀφ-, συν-,

Derivatives: ἕψημα `what is cooked, meal, soupe' (Ion.-Att.) with ἑψηματώδης (Dsc.), hell. ἕψεμα (LXX; cf. Schwyzer 523), ἕψησις `cooking' (Ion.-Att.); ἑψητήρ, - τήριον, - τής, - τικός (hell.); ἑφθός `cooked' (Ion.-Att.; with ἄπ-εφθος a. o.), ἐψητός `id.', also name of a fish (Ar., X.; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 89), ἑψανός `cooked, to be cooked' (Hp.), ἑψαλέος `id.' (Nic.; after ὀπταλέος [Hom.] a. o.); also ἑψέϊνα n. pl. meaning unclear ( PLond. 3, 1177, 217; II^p). - From ἄπεφθος NGr. ἀπόχτι (through ἀπόφθι(ον)) `dried food' (Crete), `salted meat' (Cyprus), s. Hatzidakis Glotta 3, 72f.; from ἑψανός NGr. ψανός `what is roasted', ψάνη `wheat', s. Georgakas ByzZ 41, 380f.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Cannot be separated from Arm. ep`em `cook'. As Arm. p` can hardly represent (with Pedersen KZ 39, 428) IE ps, we should posit IE * seph-, which would have had an s-enlargement in Greek (Schwyzer 706). The `new' (familiar?) Greco-Armenian word ousted old πέσσειν (s. v.). Cf. Porzig Gliederung 156. An other expression for `cook' is ζέω, s. v. The word is prob. Pre-Greek (Fur. 327, who compares δέφω \/ δέψω.

Page in Frisk: 1,604-605

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `yoke' (Il.), also metaph., e. g. of a cross-wood, of the rowing benches connecting the two ship sides, of the tongue of a balance, of a pair, of a row or a rank of soldiers (oppos. στοῖχος), as land measure.

Other forms: Hell. mostly - ός m., rarely earlier, s. Schwyzer-Debrunner 37.)

Compounds: Often in compp., e. g. πολύ-ζυγος `with many rowing benches', ζυγό-δεσμον `yoke-straps' (Il.), also ζυγη-φόρος `carrying a yoke' (A., analog.-metr. beside ζυγο-φόρος; Schwyzer 439 n. 1).

Derivatives: Seberal deriv.: 1. ζύγιον `rowing bench' (hell.). 2. ζυγίσκον meaning unclear (IG 2<sup>2</sup>, 1549, 9, Eleusis, + 300<sup>a</sup>). 3. ζύγαινα the hammer-headed shark (Epich., Arist.; after the shape of the skull, Strömberg Fischnamen 35). 4. ζυγίς `thyme' (Dsc.; motivation of the name unknown, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56). 5. ζούγωνερ (= *ζύγωνες) βόες ἐργάται. Λάκωνες H. 6. ζυγίτης name of a rower (sch.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 44), f. ζυγῖτις Hera as goddess of marriage (Nicom. ap. Phot.; Redard 209). 7. ζυγία `maple' (Thphr.) prop. "yoke-wood" (s. Strömberg Theophrastea 114), because the hard maple was mainly used to make yokes (so even now in southern Italy), Rohlfs WB VI and 86; also Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 57, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 1f.; diff. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 56 (after the pairwise attached fruits). 8. ζύγαστρον `wooden cist, chest' s.v. σίγιστρον - Adject. 9. ζύγιος `belonging to the yoke etc.' (Att. etc.; also as nautical expression, s. Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 128ff.). 10. ζύγιμος `id.' (Plb.; s. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 94). 11. ζυγικός `belonging to the tongue of a balance' (Nicom. Harm.). Adv. ζυγ-άδην (Ph.), ζυγ-ηδόν (Hld.) `pairwise'. - Denomin. verbs: 1. ζυγόω `yoke, connect (through a cross-wood), shut, hold the balance' (A., hell.) with ζύγωμα `bar, cross-rod' (Plb.), ζύγωσις `balancing' (hell.), *ζύγωθρον in the denomin. aor. ipv. ζυγώθρισον (Ar. Nu. 745; meaning uncertain, `weigh' or `shut'?). 2. ζυγέω `form a row or rank' (Plb.). - Beside ζυγόν as 2. member the verbal root - ζυξ, e. g. ἄ-ζυξ `unconnected, unmarried', ὁμό-, σύ-ζυξ `yoked together, connected' (also ἄ-, ὁμό-, σύ-ζυγος), s. Chantraine REGr. 59-60, 231f.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [508} * ieug- `connect'

Etymology: Old name of a device, retained in most IE languages, e. g. Hitt. iugan, Skt. yugám, Lat. iugum, Germ., e. g. Goth. juk, IE *i̯ugóm; more forms Pok. 509f., W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. iugum. - The root noun - ζυξ also in Lat. con-iux `spouse', Skt. a-yúj- `not forming a pair, uneven' (formally = ἄ-ζυξ except the accent), sa-yúj- `connected, companion' a. o. - Cf. ζεύγνυμι and ζεῦγος. Rix, Hist. Gramm. 60, 70 suggests Hi̯-, which is still uncertain.

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Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: ἁπτόμενος H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [240] * dʰegʷʰ- `burn'

Etymology: By Fick BB 12, 162, Brugmann Grundr.² 2: 1, 269 a. o. identified with Lith. dègtinas `who or what has to be burned' (from deg-ù, dèg-ti `burn'). Cf. on τέφρα `ashes'. - Acc. to P. Maas ByzZ 37, 381 and Latte Glotta 34, 198f. however corrupt for θεπταίνων ἁπτόμενος (Kyr.), which Latte wants to correct in θ(ε)ιγγάνων. On the origin of suffixal - τανος, - tinas (IE *-tn̥nos \< *-n̥Hos?) Benveniste Origines 107f.; uncertain Pedersen Hittitisch 149f.

Page in Frisk: 1,663

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: name of a poisonous plant, kind of Aconitum (?), also = δελφίνιον, `larkspur' (Hp., Stratt., Nic., Dsc.).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.

Etymology: By Fick 1, 383; 3, 74 connected with the germanic and slavic word for `hellebore', OHG hemera, Russ. čemeríca (from R.-CSl. čemerъ `poison', prop. `hellebore') and with Lith. kemẽras `Wasserdost' (see Fraenkel s. kiemenà). (Not here Skt. kamala- n. `lotus', camarika- m. `Bauhinia variegata' s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. vv.). - The notation κάμμορον (Dsc., Erot.) after κάμμορος `unhappy'. Given this distribution the word seems to be a loan from a European subtratum; Beekes, 125 Jahre Idg. in Graz, 2000, 28. - From κάμμαρος lower-ital. kammári `spurge', s. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 53, Wb. N^o 877, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 4.

Page in Frisk: 1,771

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: name of a poisonous plant, kind of Aconitum (?), also = δελφίνιον, `larkspur' (Hp., Stratt., Nic., Dsc.).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.

Etymology: By Fick 1, 383; 3, 74 connected with the germanic and slavic word for `hellebore', OHG hemera, Russ. čemeríca (from R.-CSl. čemerъ `poison', prop. `hellebore') and with Lith. kemẽras `Wasserdost' (see Fraenkel s. kiemenà). (Not here Skt. kamala- n. `lotus', camarika- m. `Bauhinia variegata' s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. vv.). - The notation κάμμορον (Dsc., Erot.) after κάμμορος `unhappy'. Given this distribution the word seems to be a loan from a European subtratum; Beekes, 125 Jahre Idg. in Graz, 2000, 28. - From κάμμαρος lower-ital. kammári `spurge', s. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 53, Wb. N^o 877, Dawkins JournofHellStud. 56, 4.

Page in Frisk: 1,771

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `straight rod, bar, stave or grip to handle the shield, directive, rule, model etc.' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. konon-ipi \/ konon-iphi\/

Derivatives: Diminut. κανόνιον (Ph. Bel., Hero); κανονίς `ruler, frame etc.' (Arist., Ph. Bel.); κανονίης m. `straight man, like a rod' (Hp. Aër. 24); κανονικός `belonging to the κανών' (hell.); κανονωτός `provided with κανόνες' (pap.). Denomin. verb κανονίζω `measure, decide' (Arist.) with κανονισμοί pl. (Man.), κανόνισμα (AP), κανονιστικός (Choerob.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Mostly connected with κάννα as *`reed-stave', but perh. the word is unrelated; on the formation Chantraine Formation 160ff. The variation α\/ο shows that it is a Pre-Greek word. The Semitic etymology by Lewy Fremdw. 133 (Hebr. qānoeh `measuring reed, balance') is not to be preferred. - On the history of κανών s. H. Oppel Κανών. 1937 (Philol. Suppl. 30: 4); also v. Fritz AmJPhil. 60, 112ff.; L. Wenger Canon in den römischen Rechtsquellen und in den Papyri. 1942 (WienAkSb. 220: 2); and Dölger ByzZ 42, 282ff.

Page in Frisk: 1,780

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `name of a strong smelling plant, `fleabane, Inula (viscosa, graveolens, britannica)'; (Hekat., Arist., Thphr., Dsc.),

Other forms: also σκόνυζα (Pherecr.) and κνύζα (Theoc.) \> NGr. (Calabr.) kliza (Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 53, Wb. s. v.).

Derivatives: κονυζήεις `κ.-like' (Nic.), κονυζίτης ( οἶνος) `seasoned with κ.' (Dsc., Gp.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 97).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Formation like μώλυζα, μάνυζα, ὄρυζα, κόρυζα a. o. Formed from κονίς (s. v.), with dialectal κνύζα as reshaping after κνύω? On the other hand κνύζα (\< *κνύγ-ι̯ᾰ?) has een compared withOWNo. hnykr (PGm. * hnuki-, IE. * knugi-) `stench' (to which κνόος, κνύω) Torp in Fick 3, 100. If so, κόνυζα could be reshaping after κονίς (acc. to Schwyzer 278 - ο- epenthesis.) - The variation rather points to a Pre-Greek word (note also the σ-); Fur. 183, 381.

Page in Frisk: 1,913-914

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: ` Egyptian name of the ἔποψ' (Horap. 1. 55, PMag. Berol. 2, 18)

Derivatives: Diminut. κοκκοφάδιον ( PMag. Lond. 121, 411; cf. Dölger ByzZ 38, 213).

Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Egypt.

Etymology: Onomatopoetic word, to be compared with Skt. kukkubha- `Phasianus gallus', Lith. cucubiō, - īre from the cry of the screech-owl. Cf. on κικκαβαῦ; also Pok. 536, W.-Hofmann s. cucubiō, Mayrhofer s. kukkubhaḥ m..

Page in Frisk: 1,934

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cabbage' (IA) [The word was until now mentioned under κράμβος, with which it has nothing to do. Cf. also RPh. 71 (1997) 165, where it is noted that a reading *γάμβρη is wrong. Furnée (see on κράμβος) did not split the words either.

Compounds: As 1. member e.g. κραμβο-κέφαλος `cabbage-headed' (pap.).

Derivatives: κράμβη f. `cabbage' (IA.; with κραμβίδιον `id.' (Antiph.), κραμβίον `cabbage-soup' (Hp.; NGr. forms [partly with γρ-] in Georgakas ByzZ 41, 362), κραμβίς `cabbage-worm' (Ael.; Strömberg Wortstudien 9), κραμβήεις `cabbage-like' (Nic.), κραμβίτας m. `greengrocer' (Thessal.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 37).

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: No etym. (After the shrunken leaves, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 24, who connected the word still with κράμβος, s.v.; but the connection with the German word must now be forgotten.) - Lat. LW [loanword] crambē (Plin.). Npers. LW [loanword] karaṃb `cabbage'.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `swallow, gulp down' (Nic. Th. 477); λαιφάσσοντες ψηλαφοῦντες H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: One thinks of a cross of λαιμάσσω and λαφύσσω, but such crosses are much to easily posited and can be hardly demonstrated. λαιφάσσοντες (if correct) after ἁφάσσοντες - λαιφαί ἀναιδεῖς. θρασεῖς, στυγναί, τολμηραί H. (Schmidt ρεαδσ λαιδραί), connected by Debrunner IF 21, 225 and Schwyzer 733, has a different meaning; the also uncertain λαιφύς δάπανος η βορός H. looks like a back formation (after P. Maas ByzZ 37, 380 false für λάφυξ). - The forms with φ \/ μ present a well-known variation in Pre-Greek.

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λάκκος 1

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `pond, cistern, pit, reservoir' (IA.).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in λακκό-πλουτος m. `who hides his wealth in a cistern', surn. of Callias etc. (Plu.); as 2. member in the hypostasis προ-λάκκ-ιον (Arist.), προσ-λάκκ-ιον (Gal.) `pre-, side-cistern'; vgl. προ-άστ-ιον.

Derivatives: λακκ-αῖος `stemming from a λ.' (hell.), - ώδης `full of λ'. (Gp.), - άριος `guard of a λ.' (Gloss.), - ίζω `dig a λ.' (Suid.). Λακκίον name of the small harbour in Syracuse (D. S.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [653] * loku- `lake, pond'.

Etymology: Opposed to the o-stem λάκκος there are several western and northern languages with an u-stem: Lat. lacus `lake, pond, pit etc.', Celt., e. g. OIr. loch `lake, pond', Germ., e. g. OS lagu `lake, water', Slav., e. g. OCS loky ' λάκκος'; so λάκκος stands for *λάκϜ-ος (on the phonetics Schwyzer 317 a. 472). Details in WP. 2, 380f., Pok. 653, W.-Hofmann s. lacus, Vasmer Wb. 2,55. A trace of the u-stem in Greece Grošelj Razprave 2, 44 supposes in λάκυρος στεμφυλίας οἶνος H. (?). On the stemvowel (not convincing) Kuhn KZ 71, 150. - On NGr. forms λάκκος, λάκκα `cleft' ( λάκ\<κ\> ας φάραγγας H.), λαγκάδι (\< λακκάδιον) `id.' Georgacas ByzZ 41, 367, Kretschmer Glotta 12, 202. Perh. from IE * loku-, Schrijver, Larr. Latin 422ff, 475.

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