σαωθῆναι

σαόω

aor inf pass

σώζω

aor inf pass

σαόω

aor inf pass

σώζω

aor inf pass

σῴζω, with ι wherever ζ follows ω, as σῴζω, EM741.27, and so (written σωιζ-) in Inscrr. and Papyri down to iii B.C., e.g. IG12.625.4, 22.687.35, 1611.378, Isyll.75 (lapis), PCair.Zen.482.17, 532.23 (iii B.C.), Test.Epict. 1.6 (iii/ii B.C.), ([etym.] ἀνα-) IG22.492.13, also in cod. Laur. of S.El. 993, al., but otherwise without it, e.g.

A

ἔσωσε IG9(2).257.11

(Thess., v B.C.); but Didym. (and many Hellenistic and later Inscrr. and Papyri) rejected the ι everywhere, v. EMl.c., and on the other hand Inscrr. show σῳς- (always written σωις- ) from v B.C.,

ἔσῳσεν IG12.1085.5

, 22.1236.6,

συνδιασῴσαντες GDI1612.9

(Dyme, iii B.C.), σῴσαι ([ per.] 3sg. opt.) IG5(2).357.152 (Stymphalus, iii B.C.),

διέσῳσαν OGI56.18

(Canopus, iii B.C.), cf. PPetr.3p.72 (iii B.C.); σοζ[, i.e. σωζ[, occurs in IG12.590: [tense] fut.

σώσω S.Ph. 1391

, Th.1.137, etc.; early [dialect] Att.

σωῶ IG12.188.30

: [tense] pf. σέσωκα, also σέσῳκα, v. ἀνασῴζω:— [voice] Med., [tense] fut.

σώσομαι E.Ba. 793

, ([etym.] ἐκ-) A.Pers. 360, ([etym.] δια-) X.Cyr.4.2.28: [tense] aor.

ἐσωσάμην Ar.Ec. 402

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

σωθήσομαι Th.5.111

, Ar.Nu.77, Hp.Prog.1, etc.: [tense] aor.

ἐσώθην Th.1.110

, al., SIG167.37 (Mylasa, iv B.C. ) ( ἐσώσθην only in Hsch.): [tense] pf.

σέσωσμαι A.Th.

[ 821 ( 820) ],

σέσωσται E.IT 607

, D.56.33,

σεσώσμεθα S.Tr.83

, etc.; but

σέσωται Pl.Criti. 109d

, cf. 110a,

σεσωμένος PCair.Zen.331.8

(iii B.C.); said to be [dialect] Att. by Phot.; διασεσῳμένους is found in IG22.435.11 (after 336 B.C.) and διασεσῳμένοι in PCair.Zen.240.11 (iii B.C.); later

σέσῳσται IG12(7).386.25

(Amorgos, iii B.C.).--The foll. forms are found in Hom. and dialects,

1 [tense] pres. part.

σώζων Od.5.490

; [ per.] 3sg. ind. or opt. σώζει ([etym.] - οι) Hes.Op. 376 (v.l. for εἴη): [tense] pres. part. [voice] Pass. σωζόμενοι ([etym.] - ομένοισι) Thgn.68, 235 (s.v.l.).

2 from [full] σᾰόω, [ per.] 3sg.

σαοῖ Thgn. 868

, Call.Del.22, etc.; [ per.] 3pl.

σαοῦσι Tyrt.11.13

; [ per.] 2sg. imper.

σάου h.Hom.13.3

, Call.Epigr.35 (as v.l.), etc.: [tense] fut.

σαώσω Il.10.44

: [tense] aor.

ἐσάωσα 21.611

, Pi.Fr. 231: [tense] aor. inf. [voice] Pass.

σαωθῆναι Il.15.503

, Od.10.473; imper.

σαωθήτω Il.17.228

; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

ἐσάωθεν Od.3.185

: [tense] fut. [voice] Med.

σαώσομαι 21.309

.

3 from [full] σάωμι, [dialect] Aeol. [ per.] 2sg.

σάως Alc.73

(fort. σάῳς); [ per.] 2sg. imper.

σάω Od.13.230

, 17.595, Call. l.c., etc.: σάω as [ per.] 3sg.[tense] impf., Il.16.363, 21.238.

4 from [full] σώω, part.

σώοντες Od.9.430

; [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

σώεσκον Il.8.363

; σώετε, σώεσθαι, A.R.4.197, 2.610.

5 from [full] σόω, subj. σόῃς, -ῃ, -ωσι, Il.9.681, 424, 393 vulg., where Tyrannio ap.Hdn.Gr.2.66 reads σοῷς, σοῷ, σοῶσι; in 9.681 Aristarch. read both σαῷς and σοῷς; the forms σοῷς, σοῷ perh. arise from σαόω, by contraction and 'distraction': but σόωσι from σώωσι acc. to Hdn.Gr.l.c.; Hsch. cites also σόεις, σοῦται as = σώζεις, σώζεται.

6 [dialect] Lacon. [full] σωάδδει· παρατηρεῖ, Hsch.: but also [suff] σχολι-σοΐδδω, [tense] aor. ἀπέσοιξεν· ἀπέσωσεν, Λάκωνες, Id.

7 σωννύω, Dinol.5:—save, keep,

1 of persons, save from death, keep alive,

σώοντες ἑταίρους Od.9.430

;

ζωοὺς σάω Il.21.238

;

ὄτ' ἄσφ' ἀπολλυμένοις σάως Alc.73

, cf. Th.1.91, X.An.3.1.38;

πόδες καὶ γοῦνα σ. τινά Il.21.611

; νὺξ στρατὸν ς. 9.78; spare, Od.22.357:—[voice] Pass., to be saved, kept alive, preserved, opp. ἀπολέσθαι, Il.15.503, Od.3.185, etc.;

ἀγαπητῶς σεσωσμένους Lys.16.16

; keep a whole skin, escape destruction,

οἱ σωθησόμενοι Pl.Tht. 176d

; so in [tense] pres. σωζόμενος, Thgn.68, 235 (s.v.l.); to be healed, recover from sickness, Hp.Coac. 136, Is.1.10 (dub. l.);

ὑγιαίνοντες καὶ σωζόμενοι IG22.1028.89

(i B.C.); σώζεο, as a wish, God bless you, farewell, Call.Del. 150, AP5.240 (Paul. Sil.), 9.372; σώζοισθε ib.171 (Pall.); also, save oneself, escape,

σώθητι Pl.Cri. 44b

; μόγις or μόλις σῴζεσθαι escape with difficulty, Id.Ep. 332c, D.S.2.48, etc.; χαλεπῶς ς. Thgn.675.

b esp. in NT, of God or Christ, 1 Ep.Cor.1.21, etc.;

σ. τὸ ἀπολωλός Ev.Luc.19.10

;

σ. τὸν κόσμον Ev.Jo.12.47

:—freq. in [voice] Pass., to be saved or in a state of salvation, Ev.Matt.19.25, etc.;

οἱ σῳζόμενοι Ev.Luc.13.23

, Act.Ap.2.47.

2 of things, keep safe, preserve, rare in Hom.,

σάω μὲν ταῦτα, σάω δ' ἐμέ Od.13.230

;

σπέρμα πυρὸς σώζων 5.490

; πόλιν καὶ ἄστυ ς. Il.17.144;

σαώσει Ἀργείους καὶ νῆας 10.44

, cf. 9.230: freq. in Trag. and [dialect] Att.,

σ. φάρμακον S.Tr. 686

;

τὰ τόξα Id.Ph. 766

; τὰ σκεύη, παῖδας οἶκον χρήματα, καρπούς, Ar. Pax 730 (anap.), Av. 380 (troch.), 1062 (lyr.); τὰ πατρῷα, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, Id.Th. 820 (lyr.), Th.1.70; σ. πόλιν preserve the city or the state, Hdt.8.34, A. Th. 749 (lyr.), S.Ant. 1058, Pl.R. 417a, cf. Grg. 512b, etc.;

τὰ πράγματα Th.1.74

;

τὴν Ἑλλάδα Ar.Lys. 525

(lyr.); τὰς πολιτείας, τὴν δημοκρατίαν, etc., Arist.Pol. 1309b15,36; τόνδε γὰρ [λόγον] σῴζων keeping it secret, A.Pr. 524, cf. S.OC 1530; σ. καιρόν save or recover an opportunity, D.19.6, cf. 23.4:—[voice] Med., keep or preserve for oneself,

τὴν εὐλάβειαν S.El. 993

, cf. E.Alc. 146, etc.;

αὐτὸς αὑτῷ σ. τι Ar.Ec. 402

, cf.Eq. 1017 (hex.):—[voice] Pass., τὸ ἄπραγμον οὐ σῴζεται is not secure, Th.2.63; ἡ.. πόλις οὐκ ἂν ἐσῴζετο; Ar.Ec. 219; to be preserved or extant, of books, Longin. ap. Porph.Plot.20, Gal.15.705, D.C.70.2.

3 keep, observe, maintain laws, etc.,

σ. ἐφετμάς A.Eu. 241

;

τὸν παρόντα νοῦν Id.Pr. 394

;

τοὺς καθεστῶτας νόμους S.Ant. 1114

, cf. Arist.VV 1250b17;

τοὺς σοὺς λόγους E.Hel. 1552

; τὸ μόρσιμον ib. 613;

τὰ πρὸς τοὺς κατοίκους δίκαια BGU562.19

(ii A.D.); confirm,

τὸ τοῦ ποιήσαντος Arist.Mu. 400b24

, cf. Antig.Mir.45 ([voice] Pass.); πρὸς τὸ τὰ φαινόμενα σῴζειν to retain the observed facts, Procl.Hyp.5.10; κατὰ ποσὸν σῴζει τὴν πρὸς τὸ μῶλυ ἐμφέρειαν retains, i.e. does not lack, a certain resemblance to.., Dsc.3.46, cf. 98, Sor.Fasc.8:—[voice] Pass., to be maintained,

τοῦ μήκους σῳζομένου Arist.Mete. 386a2

;

ἐφ' ᾧ τοῖς θεοῖς τὰ ἱερὰ σωθήσεσθαι PHib.1.77.7

(iii B.C.).

4 keep in mind, remember, E.Hel. 266, Pl. R. 486c: more freq. in [voice] Med.,

παρῆκα θεσμῶν οὐδέν, ἀλλ' ἐσῳζόμην.. ὅπως δύσνιπτον ἐκ δέλτου γραφήν S.Tr. 682

, cf. El. 1257;

μηδ' ἂ ἔμαθε σῴζοιτο Pl.R. 455b

; in full,

μνήμην σῴζομαι στρατεύματος E.IA 302

(lyr.), cf. Pl.Grg. 501a, Tht. 163d.

II Constr.:

1 simply c. acc., v. supr.

2 with a sense of motion to a place, bring one safe to,

τὸν δ' ἐσάωσεν ἐς ποταμοῦ προχοάς Od.5.452

;

ἐς ὅμιλον Il.19.401

;

πόλινδε 5.224

, etc.;

ἐς οἴκους S.Ph. 311

;

εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τὴν ἐπουράνιον 2 Ep.Ti.4.18

:—[voice] Pass., come safe to a place,

σωθέντος ἐμεῦ ὀπίσω ἐς οἶκον Hdt.4.97

, cf. 9.104;

πρὸς ἤπειρον σεσῶσθαι A.Pers. 737

;

δεῦρο E.Ph. 725

;

οἴκαδε X.HG1.6.7

; σῴζεσθαι ἐπὶ τὴν ὑμετέρην [χώρην] Hdt.5.98;

ἐς δόμους σωθέντ' S.Tr. 611

;

σωθῶμεν ἐπὶ θάλατταν X.An. 6.5.20

: c. dat. pers.,

μόλις ὔμμιν ἐσώθην Theoc.15.4

.

3 σ. τινὰ ἐκ φλοίσβοιο, ἐκ πολέμου, carry off safe, rescue from.., Il.5.469, 11.752;

ἐκ ποταμοῖο 21.274

;

ἐκ θανάτοιο Od.4.753

;

ἐκ πολλῶν πόνων S.El. 1356

;

ἀπὸ στρατείας A.Ag. 603

;

διὰ δεινῶν πραγμάτων σεσωσμένοι X. An.5.5.8

: c. gen., σώσας ἐχθρῶν χθόνα having rescued it from them, S.Ant. 1162;

σῶσαί τινα κακοῦ Id.Ph. 919

;

σεαυτὸν νούσου Ath.Mitt. 56.124

([place name] Smyrna);

σωθῆναι κακῶν E.Or. 779

.--Both constructions may be combined,

σ. τινὰ ἐκ πολέμοιο νῆας ἔπι Il.17.452

;

ἐκ π. μετὰ νῆας 12.123

;

ἐξ Αἰγίνης δεῦρο Pl.Grg. 511d

.

4 c. acc. et dat. pers., save for another,

υἷά τινι Od.4.765

;

ἡμῖν τὸν βίον Pl.Prt. 356e

, etc.:— [voice] Pass.,

σῴζεταί τί τινι Ar. Pax 1022

, X.An.7.7.56.

5 c. inf., [σπονδαὶ] αἵ σε σῴζουσιν θανεῖν which save thee from dying, E.Ph. 600 (troch.).

6 c. part., σῴζεσθαι φεύγοντες by flight, X.Cyr.3.3.51.

7 abs., τὰ σώσοντα what is likely to save, D.6.5; ἡ σῴζουσα [ψῆφος] Luc.Harm.3.

b σώζων, ὁ, Saviour, of a god, JRS14.28 ([place name] Iconium); epith. of Apollo, CR19.368 ([place name] Sizma).

c σῴζουσα, ἡ, = ἀρτεμισία, Ps.-Dsc.3.113.

ἄρκιος (A), α, ον Arat.741, ος, ον AP11.59 (Maced.): ([etym.] ἀρκέω):—[dialect] Ep. Adj.

A to be relied on, sure, certain, οὔ οἱ ἔπειτα ἄρκιον ἐσσεῖται φυγέειν he shall have no hope to escape, Il.2.393; νῦν ἄρκιον ἢ ἀπολέσθαι ἠὲ σαωθῆναι one of these is certain, to perish or be saved, 15.502; μισθὸς δέ οἱ ἄ. ἔσται a sure reward, 10.304, cf. Od.18.358, but, a sufficient reward in Hes.Op. 370; βίος ἄ. ib. 501, 577.

II enough, sufficient, ἄρκιον εὑρεῖν to be sure of having enough, ib. 351, A.R.2.799, Theoc. 8.13; ὄφρα.. σφίσιν ἄρκιος εἴη that he might be sufficient for them, Id.25.190;

δέμας ἄρκιος Opp.C.3.185

, cf. H.3.601; helpful, useful,

παντὶ γὰρ ἄ. ἐστι Nic.Th. 508

, cf. Opp.C.3.173; ἄρκια νούσων remedies against.., Nic.Th. 837: c. inf., able to.., Call.Fr. 51a, cf. Cer.35. Adv.

- ίως Hsch.

III in comp. sense,

ἄρκιον ἦν θνᾴσκειν

it were better..,

AP9.154

(Agath.).

------------------------------------

ἄρκιος (B),

A v. ἄρκειος.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `safe, healthy, intact' (Att.; also Hom., Hdt.).

Other forms: σάος (ep. poet. Il. [ σαώτερος], also Cypr., Arc., Lac. etc.), σῶος (Hdt., Hp., X., hell.), σόος (ep., also Hdt.); comp. σαώτερος (A 32, X., Theoc., AP).

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ΣαϜο-κλέϜης (Cypr.), σαό-φρων (ep. poet.), σώ-φρων (Att.), Σαυ-κράτης (Boeot.), Σά-δαμος (Arc.); as 2. member in νηο-, τεκνο-σσόος (poet.; cf. on σεύομαι).

Derivatives: Ep. aor. σαῶ-σαι, pass. σαωθῆναι, to which fut. σαώσω, pres. σαόω; with contraction IA. σῶσαι, σωθῆναι, σώσω (inscr. σωῶ), σῴζω (ε 490, Hes. Op. 376; from *σω-ΐζω); to this perf. midd. σέσωσμαι (trag.), σέσωμαι (Pl. a.o.), act. σέσωκα (hell.), often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to keep alive, to save', midd. pass. intr. `to stay alive, to save oneself'. As 1. member a. o. in σωσί-πολις `saving the city' (Ar., Str. a.o.). From the verb: 1. σωτήρ, - ῆρος m. `saviour' (h. Hom., Pi., IA.) with σωτηρ-ία, - ίη f. `rescue', - ιος `bringing rescue, saving' (IA.), - ιώδης `wholesome' (Gal. a.o.), - ιασταί m. pl. `worshippers' of the θεοὶ σωτῆρες resp. of Ἄρτεμις Σώτειρα (Rhod., Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 178). Archaising byforms: σαωτήρ (Call. a.o.), σαώτωρ (Maiist. III^a), Σαώτης surn. of Dionysos (AP, Paus.); hypocorist. enlargement Σωτήριχος PN (Plu., Luc. a.o.). 2. f. σώτειρα. (Pi., IA.). 3. σῶστρα n. pl. (- σ- as in σέσω-σ-μαι a.o.) `reward for saving, thank-offering for saving lives' (Hdt., X. etc.) with σαοστρεῖ 3. sg. (prob. = σαω-; Cephallenia). 4. σωστικός ( δια-) `saving, preserving' (Arist. etc.). 5. δια-σώστης m. `policeman' (Just.). 6. ἀνα-σωσμός (Aq.), - σωσμα (Tz.) `rescue' -- On the frequent PN in Σω(ι-), Σωσ(ι)-, Σωτ(ο)- a.o. s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 413 ff.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1080] *teu̯h₂- `be strong' (meaning incorrect in Pok.)

Etymology: The above forms can all go back on PGr. σάϜος (Cypr. ΣαϜο-κλέϜης); positing alternative basic forms like *σῶϜος or *σω[υ]ς is unnecessary. From σά(Ϝ)ος arose by contraction σῶς, from where through thematisation (via n. pl. σῶα, sg. σῶον?) σῶος; ep. σόος for σάος after σῶς or through metr. lengthening. Extensive treatment by Leumann Μνήμης χάριν 2, 8 ff. (Kl. Schr. 266 ff.) w. further details and rich lit. -- PGr. σάϜος can stand for IE *tu̯h₂-eu̯o-s; or rather it is a thematization of *σαυς \< *tu̯eh₂-us. Ablaut with *tu̯ō-ro-s, *tu̯ō-mn̥ (in σωρός?, σῶμα??) is quite uncertain; the basic meaning would then be approx. `be strong' (Prellwitz a.o.; s. Bq), which fits badly for a corpse; *tu̯oh₂-mn̥ is simple, but o-grade is improbable. Cf. σωρός and ταΰς, also on σαίνω.

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