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1 ἄνευ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `far from, without' (Il.).Dialectal forms: ἄνευν (Epidauros), ἄνευς (Olympia), ἄνις (Megara ap. Ar., cf. χωρίς), cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 535: 4a.Etymology: No exact correspondent. ἄνευ looks like an old locative of an u-stem. One compares Germanic forms, Goth. inu `without' (\< *ĕnu), OHG ānu id. (\< * ēnu), but this cannot explain the Greek ἀ-. (Skt. ánu `along' does not fit the meaning.) Better Skt. sanu-tár `away, off, aside' (* sen(H)u- or * snHu-?), Lat. sine `without' \<* seni \< * snh₁-i, Toch. A sne, B snai (* snh-ei). The Greek form prob. from * snh₁-eu \> * saneu. In this case ἄνευ must be a psilotic form. Wackernagel Symb. phil. Danielsson 390 A. 1. Prob. cognate with ἄτερ (s.v.), which can only be *sn̥-, without laryngeal.Page in Frisk: 1,106Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄνευ
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2 αὐθέντης
A murderer, Hdt.1.117, E.Rh. 873, Th.3.58; , A.R.2.754; suicide, Antipho 3.3.4, D.C.37.13: more loosely, one of a murderer's family, E.Andr. 172.2 perpetrator, author,πράξεως Plb.22.14.2
;ἱεροσυλίας D.S.16.61
: generally, doer, Alex.Rh.p.2S.; master,δῆμος αὐθέντης χθονός E.Supp. 442
; voc.αὐθέντα ἥλιε PMag.Leid.W.6.46
; condemned by Phryn.96.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὐθέντης
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3 εἰκονισμός
εἰκον-ισμός, ὁ,A delineation, description, Plu.2.54b.II registered description of individuals for purposes of census, PRyl.161.15 (i A. D.), PLond.ined. 2196 (i A. D.), etc.; term used by publicani, Sen.Ep.95 (pl.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εἰκονισμός
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4 καταφερής
καταφερ-ής, ές,A going down, εὖτ' ἂν κ. γίνηται ὁ ἥλιος when the sun is near setting, Hdt.2.63; of ground, sloping, X. Cyn.10.9, PLille 1v1 (iii B.C.); κ. ἐπί τι inclined towards.., Hp.Art. 57; πρός τι, opp. εὐθεῖα, ib.75; κ. φυγή downhill, Plb.2.68.7; κ. κοιλία, of diarrhoea, Dieuch. ap. Orib.4.7.21: metaph., headlong, rapid,ῥύσις τῆς λέξεως D.H.Dem.40
.II inclined, prone, esp. to sen- sual pleasures, εἰς λίθων βολάς prob. in Phld.Ir.p.31 W.; πρὸς οἶνον, πρὸς τἀφροδίσια, Plu.Alex.23, Ath.13.589d: abs., lecherous, D.L.4.40, Sor.1.38 ([comp] Comp.), Phot. s.v. μύραινα: freq. written κατωφερής (q. v.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταφερής
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5 κήρωμα
A = κηρωτή, wax-salve, cerate, Hp.Acut.(Sp.) 15,33 (both pl.), Orib.Fr.63 (pl.).2 layer of mud or clay forming the floor of the wrestling-ring in the times of the Empire, Lat. ceroma, locus exercitii utilis.. aequali et molli ceromate stratus, Cael.Aur.Salut.Praec.35 (ed.V.Rose Anecd.Gr.2.199), cf. Plu.2.638c, Plin.HN35.168, Mart.4.19.5, al.; a ceromate nos haphe excepit, out of the mud into the dust, Sen.Ep.57.1: metaph. for the wrestling-ring or wrestling,ἐν παλαίστραις καὶ κηρώμασι Plu.2.790f
, cf. Plin.HN35.5.3 waxed tablet or board, IG7.413.59 (S. C. de Orop.). -
6 χαλαζοφύλαξ
A hail-guard, one who averts hail by magical rites, Sen. QN4.6, Plu.2.700f.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαλαζοφύλαξ
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7 χρεία
χρεία (written [full] χρέα PCair.Zen.25.2, 148 (iii B. C.)), [dialect] Ion. [full] χρείη Call. in PSI11.1216.43, ἡ: ([etym.] χράομαι, κέχρημαι):—A need, want,χρείας ὕπο A.Th. 287
; ἵν' ἕσταμεν χρείας considering in what great need we are, S.OT 1443; χρείᾳ πολεμεῖν to war with necessity, Id.OC 191 (anap.): c. gen., want of.., ;ἐν χρείᾳ τύχης Id.Th. 506
; ἐν χρείᾳ δορός in the need or stress of war, S.Aj. 963;φορβῆς χρείᾳ Id.Ph. 162
(anap.), cf. 1004: ἵππων ἡμῖν χρεία μὲν οὔτε τις πολλῶν οὔτε πολλή [ἐστιν] Pl.Lg. 834b; ἦ μὴν ἔτ' ἐμοῦ χρείαν ἕξει will have need of my help, A.Pr. 170 (anap.), cf. Call.l.c.; ἀφίκοντο εἰς χρείαν τῆς πόλεως came to feel the need of its assistance, Pl.Mx. 244d; ἰατρῶν ἐν χρείαις ἐσόμεθα, ἐν χρείᾳ ἡγεμόνος εἶναι, Pl.R. 373d, 566e;ὅτου σε χ. ἔχει S.Ph. 646
; so τίς χ. σ' ἐμοῦ [ἔχει]; E.Hec. 976, cf.χρεώ 1.2
: χρείαν ἔχω, c. inf., Ev.Matt.3.14 (folld. by ( ίνα, Ev.Jo.2.25); signfs.1.1 and 111 in the same sentence, οὐχ οὕτως χ. ἔχομεν τῆς χ. παρὰ τῶν φίλων ὡς .. Epicur.Sent.Vat.34: prov., χ. διδάσκει, κἂν βραδύς τις ᾖ, σοφόν ' necessity is the mother of invention', E.Fr. 715, cf.El. 376, Men.263: pl., ;αἱ τοῦ σώματος χ. X. Mem.3.12.5
;πρώτη γε καὶ μεγίστη τῶν χ. ἡ τῆς τροφῆς παρασκευή Pl.R. 369d
;αἱ ἀναγκαῖαι χ. D.23.148
, cf. 45.67 (sg.);πολεμικαὶ χ. Arist. Pol. 1328b11
.3 a request of necessity, opp. ἀξίωσις (a claim of merit), Th.1.37, cf. 33: generally, request,τὴν πρίν γε χ. ἠνύσασθ' ἐμοῦ πάρα A.Pr. 700
; κἀγὼ.. τοιάνδε σου χ. ἔχω make such a request of or to thee, Id.Ch. 481.II business, ὡς πρὸς τί χρείας; for what purpose? S.OT 1174, cf. 1435; ;δοῦναι ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν χ. Plb.8.16.11
.b esp. military or naval service, ἡ πολεμικὴ χ. καὶ ἡ εἰρηνική the employments of war and of peace, Arist.Pol. 1254b32; αἱ κατὰ θάλατταν [χ.], ἡ ἐν τῇ γῇ χ., Plb.6.52.1, 31.21.3; οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν χ. Aristeas 110, LXX 1 Ma.12.45;οἱ πρὸς ταῖς χ. Ju.12.10
; (i B. C.); in military sense, action, engagement,αἱ κατὰ μέρος χ. Plb.1.84.7
, al.c generally, business, employment, function, Id.3.45.2, etc.; ἡ ἐγκεχειρισμένη χ. the duty assigned, PTeb.741.11 (ii B. C.);οὓς καταστήσομεν ἐπὶ τῆς χ. ταύτης Act.Ap.6.3
;χ. πολιτικαί Plu.Mar. 32
, etc.d a business, affair, matter, like χρέος, Plb.2.49.9, al.; τὴν ὑπὲρ τούτων χ. the study of these things, Epicur.Ep.1p.29U.e χ. ἀναγκαία need of nature, D.S.4.33;τροφῆς χ. Ph.2.472
.III use,1 as a property, use, advantage, service,χρείης εἵνεκα μηδεμιῆς Thgn.62
;τῆς χ. τοῦ παιδὸς ἀποστερηθῆναι Antipho 3.3.4
;ἡ χ. τῆς ῥητορικῆς Pl.Grg. 480a
;πωλοῦντες τὴν τῆς ἰσχύος χ. Id.R. 371e
; χρείαν ἔχειν τοῖς ἀνθρώποις to be of service to mankind, Id.Smp. 204c; τὰ οὐδὲν εἰς χρείαν things of no use or service, D.Prooem. 56.3; χρείαν ἔχει εἴς τι is of service towards.., Sosip.1.41; for S.OT 725, v. ἐρευνάω 1: pl., χρεῖαι.. φίλων ἀνδρῶν services rendered by them, Pi.N.8.42; χρείας παρέχεσθαι render services, Decr. ap. D.18.84, IG22.654.15, cf. Plb.1.16.8 (sg.); ἵνα σοι τὰς χ. παρέσχωμαι (sic) PCair.Zen. 498 (iii B. C.);μεγάλην παρεῖχε χ. τοῖς κοινοῖς πράγμασιν Plb.3.97.4
; παρέχειν χ. to be serviceable, useful, Aristo Stoic.1.79;ἑξήκοντα καὶ τριακόσια χρειῶν γένη παρέχον δένδρον Plu.2.724e
;χ. ναυτικαί
equipments,Ael.
VH2.10.2 as an action, using, use,κτῆσις καὶ χ. X.Mem.2.4.1
, Pl.R. 451c; ἐν χρείᾳ εἶναι in use, Id.Phd. 87c; κατὰ τὴν χ. for use, Id.R. 330c;πρὸς τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην χ. X.Mem.4.2.25
; ἡ χ. τῶν λόγων the employment of words, Pl.Sph. 239d, cf. Plt. 272d: pl., λάμπει γὰρ ἐν χρείαισιν ὥσπερ.. χαλκός is made bright by constant use, S.Fr. 864.IV of persons, familiarity, intimacy, τινος with one, Antipho 5.63: generally, any relation of business or intercourse, ;ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους χ. Arist.Rh. 1376b13
; [Νικόμαχος] συνεβίω Ἀμυντᾳ.. ἰατροῦ καὶ φίλου χρείᾳ
in the relationship, capacity,D.L.
5.1.V Rhet., pregnant sentence, maxim, freq. illustrated by an anecdote, Sen.Ep.33.7, Hermog.Prog.3, Aphthon,Prog.3, Theon Prog.5, etc.: pl., title of works by Zeno (D.L.6.91), Aristipp., etc.; by Macho, a collection of sayings of courtesans, Ath.13.577d;ἡ τοῦ Κλεομένους χ. Plu.2.218a
; χρεῖαι καὶ ἱστορίαι ib.78f. -
8 ἀνύω
ἀνύω ([etym.] ᾰνῠ), Il.4.56, Ar.Ra. 606, [dialect] Att. [full] ἀνύτω or [full] ἁνύτω Th.2.75, Pl.R. 486c, al.: [tense] impf.Aἤνυον Hdt.9.66
, E.Hec. 1167: [tense] fut. ἀνύσω [pron. full] [ῠ], S.Aj. 607, Ar.Ra. 649, [dialect] Ep.ἐξ-ανύω 11.11.365
: [tense] aor.ἤνῠσα Od.24.71
, A.Pers. 726, etc.; poet. ἥνυσσα ([dialect] Dor. ᾱν-) Pi.P.12.11, A.R.4.413, [dialect] Ep. ἄνυσσα [ᾰ] Hes.Th. 954, Maiist.57 ([etym.] ὑπ-): [tense] pf. :—[voice] Pass., [tense] pf.ἤνυσμαι Plb.8.29.1
, etc.,δι-ήνυσμαι X.Cyr.1.4.28
: [tense] aor.ἠνύσθην Plb.32.3.17
, D.Chr.3.127: [tense] fut.ἀνυσθήσομαι J.AJ1.19.1
, Ael.VH1.21:—[voice] Med.,ἀνύομαι Pi.P.2.49
, Bion Fr.4.6: [tense] impf. : [tense] fut. ἀνύσομαι (v. infr.): [tense] aor. , S.Tr. 995(lyr.), inf.ἀνύσασθαι X.An.7.7.24
(Valck.)—Non-thematic forms are found in poets: [tense] impf. [voice] Act. ἄνῠμες, [dialect] Dor. for ἤνυμεν, Theoc.7.10: [tense] pres. [voice] Pass.ἄνυται Opp.H.3.427
, Nic.Al. 599: [tense] impf. [voice] Pass.ἤνῠτο Od.5.243
(nisileg. ἤνετο); [dialect] Dor.ἄνῠτο Theoc.2.92
. [[pron. full] ῠ in all parts: hence ἀνῦσαι in Tryph.126, ἀνῡσάμενοι in AP10.12 should be written with σς: ἀνΰων is corrupt in Nonn.D.21.16]:—effect, accomplish,ἤνυτο δ' ἔρλον Od.5.243
(v. supr.), cf.A.Pers. 726, etc.; ; (lyr.);τοὔπος ὡς ἄρ' ὀρθὸν ἤνυσας Id.Ant. 1178
, cf. OC 454: abs., οὐδὲν ἤνυε he did no good, Hdt.9.66; εἴ τι ἔμελλεν ἀνύτειν whatever was like ly to forward the work, Th.2.75;σμικρὸν ἀνύτειν Pl.Sph. 230a
, al.;ἧσσον ἁνύτειν Th.2.76
;οὐδὲν ἤνυε τούτοις D.21.104
; ἀ. εἴς τι to conduce towards.., Pl.Ax. 369d: c. acc. et inf., Ἀπόλλων.. ἐκεῖνον ἤνυσε φονέα γενέσθαι brought it to pass that.., S.OT 720:—[voice] Med., accomplish for one's own advantage, ἀνύσσεσθαι τάδε ἔργα (if not in pass. sense, will be accomplished) Od.16.373, cf. Hp.Ep.27; θεός.. τέκμαρ ἀνύεται Pi.P.2.49, cf. Ar.Pl. 196, dub. in Pl.Phd. 69d.3 c. dupl. acc., make, cause to be, (lyr.), Nic.Al. 400.5 finish a journey, ὅσσον τε πανημερίη γλαφυρὴ νηῦς ἤνυσεν (sc. ὁδοῦ ) as much as a ship gets over in a day, Od.4.357; soπολλὴν κέλευθον ἤνυδεν A.Pers. 748
;πορείαν Onos.6.1
: c. acc. loci,ὄφρα τάχιστα νηῦς ἀνύσειε θαλάσσης.. ὕδωρ Od.15.294
, cf. Thgn.511, S.Ant. 231.6 in Trag. freq. abs. (sc. ὁδόν or κέλευθον), make one's way, win,πρὸς πόλιν Id.Tr. 657
(lyr.); ; also θάλαμον ἀνύτειν (i.e. εἰς θάλαμον) reach the bridal chamber, S.Ant. 805 (lyr.);ἀ. Ἅιδαν Id.Aj. 607
(lyr.), E.Supp. 1142 (lyr.): metaph., ζυγὰ ἤνυσε δούλια Τροία (s.v.l.) Id.Tr. 599 ( Τροίᾳ Sch.): rarely with inf. instead of acc., στρατὸς ἤνυσε περᾶν succeeded in crossing, A.Pers. 721: with Adj., come to be,εὐδαίμων ἀνύσει καὶ μέγας S.Ph. 720
(lyr.).7 in [voice] Pass. of Time, come to an end,χρόνος ἄνυτο Theoc. 2.92
, cf. Eus.Mynd.63.8 in [voice] Pass. of persons, grow up, ἠνυτόμαν τροφαῖς (lyr.) A.Ag. 1159.9 get, obtain,γαστρὶ φορβάν S.Ph. 711
(lyr.), cf. Theoc.5.144; τίνος χρείας ἀνύσαι; i.e.τίνος χρείας προσπίτνετε, ὥστε ἀνύσαι αὐτήν; S.OC 1755
:—[voice] Med., χρείαν ἠνύσασθε ye obtained it, A.Pr. 700, cf. Ch. 858, S.Tr. 995 (lyr.);τοῦτο ἐκ Μοιρέων ἠνύσατο AP7.506
(Leon.).II c. part., οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσα I gain nothing by grudging, Il.4.56.2 in Com., do quickly, make haste,οὐ μέλλειν.., ἀλλ' ἀνύειν Ar.Pl. 607
, cf. Ra. 606; οὐκ ἀνύσεις τι; make haste! ib. 649;ἀλλ' ἄνυσον, οὐ μέλλειν ἐχρῆν Fr. 102
: c. part., ἄνυε πράττων make haste about it, Pl. 413; ἄνυσον ὑποδησάμενος make haste and get your shoes on, V. 1168, cf. Av. 241;ἄνυσόν ποτ' ἐξελθών Pherecr.40
: more freq. in part. ἀνύσας, or ἀνύσας τι with a Verb, ἄνοιγ', ἄνοιγ' ἀνύσας make haste and open the door, Ar.Nu. 181; ; , cf. V. 202, 847, 1158, Pl. 648, 974;βοηθησάτω τις ἀνύσας Ach. 571
; ; , cf. 1253; . (The distinction of meaning ἀνύτω accomplish, make way, ἀνύω hasten, is doubtful, cf. AB411.—[dialect] Att. ἁνύω acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.541, Phryn.PSp.23B., cf.καθανύσαι X.HG 7.1.15
(Hsch.); but κατανύειν (q.v.) occurs in Trag., cf.ταῦτ' ἀνύσηται Ar.Pl. 196
.) (I.-E. sen-, [tense] pres. stem s[ngnull]neu-, cf. Skt. sanoti 'wins'.) -
9 ἐπίουρος
ἐπίουρος, ὁ,A = οὖρος (B), guardian, watcher, ward, c.gen., ὑῶν ἐ. Od. 13.405;βοῶν Theoc.8.6
,25.1;Οἰχαλίης A.R.1.87
; ναυτιλίης v.l.in Id.4.652: less freq.c.dat., Μίνωα τέκε Κρήτῃ ἐ. Il.13.450;κρήνῃ A.R. 3.1180
.II. wooden peg, pin, IG4.1484.63 (Epid.), Hero Aut.16.2, al., Hippiatr.26, Gp.10.61, prob.l.in Arist.Pr. 915a11; nickname of Secundus (son of a joiner), Philostr.VS1.26: Lat. epiurus, Pall.Agr. 12.7.15, prob. in Sen.Ben.2.12, Aug.Civ.Dei 15.27, Isid.Etym.19.19.7: also [full] ἐπίορος, Ath.Mitt.51.154 ([place name] Delos).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπίουρος
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10 ἐφημιόλιος
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐφημιόλιος
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11 ἠθολογία
ἠθολογ-ία, ἡ,A painting of character, esp. by mimic gestures (cf. χαρακτηρισμός), Posidon. ap. Sen.Ep.95.65, Quint.1.9.3, Suet.Gramm.4 (pl.).Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἠθολογία
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12 ἱπποπῆραι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἱπποπῆραι
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13 ἄτερ
Grammatical information: prep.Meaning: `without, far from' (Il.).Etymology: Psilotic for *ἁτέρ (Aeol. barytonesis or proclisis? Schwyzer 385), identical with adv. OHG. suntar `separated, but'; PIE. *sn̥-tér. Cf. Skt. sanu-tár `separate from, far away', Av. hanarǝ and Lat. sine \< * seni, Toch. A sne, B snai id., which however have a laryngeal (* snH-) which is impossible in ἄτερ; s. ἄνευ. - Not to ἅτερος (s. ἕτερος).Page in Frisk: 1,178Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄτερ
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14 βωλήτης
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `fungus, esp. champignon' (Ath.)Other forms: also βωλίτης (Gp., Gal.), also `root' of the lychnis.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably] Lat.Etymology: From Lat. bōlētus (Sen.), which was called after the Spanish town Boletum (Niedermann IFAnz. 29, 31f.); but s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Doubtful Machek Lingua posnaniensis 2, 48: βωλήτης from the same source as Slav. bъdla `champignon'. (Not better Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. 1, 93.) - βωλίτης after the derivatives in - ίτης; its meaning `root' through influence of βῶλος. It was introduced in Latin (Plin.); Redard - της 70.Page in Frisk: 1,278-279Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βωλήτης
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15 ἕνος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `old' as opppsed to`new', only in expressions about fruits and officials of the past year, also of the last dayof the preceding month, indicating the new period (Hes.; ἔνη the first day of the month, with Ion. psilosis?); in the last sense mostly ἕνη καὶ νέα (sc. σελήνη; Att. since Solon).Etymology: The general IE word for `old', *sénos, is still found in most branches, as opposed to `new': Gr. ἕνος, Arm. hin, Skt. sána-, Lith. sẽnas, Celt., e. g. OIr. sen; here also OWNo. sina f. `withered grass of last year' (cf. ἕνος βλαστός etc.). Some lnguages use it also as opposed to `young', so e.g. Celtic and Lithuanian, but also Germ., e. g. Goth. sineigs `πρεσβύτης', and also Iranian, Av. hana- `old, grey'; in Skt. sána- is not so used. this meaning became dominant in Italic, Lat. senex, Osc. senateís ` senātūs'. In the East *sénos in this meaning was replaced by the expressive group of von γέρων (s. v.). - Cf. Porzig Sprachgeschichte und Wortbedeutung 343ff..Page in Frisk: 1,522-523Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕνος
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16 κτίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `found, lay out, build, create' (Emp.).Other forms: aor. κτίσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. κτισθῆναι (IA.), fut. κτίσω (A.), perf. midd. ἔκτισμαι (Hdt.), act. ἔκτικα (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).Derivatives: κτίσις f. `foundation, creation' (Pi., IA.; cf. below), κτιστύς f. `foundation' (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), κτίσμα `foundation, colony, building' (hell.), κτισμός `foundation' (Asia Minor., Empire); - κτίστωρ `founder' (Pi., E.), κτιστήρ `id.' (Corinth, IVa), f. κτίστρια (Asia Minor, Empire), κτίστης `founder, builder' (Arist.) with κτίστιον (- εῖον) `temple of a founder' (pap. IVp), older συγκτίστης `co-founder' (Hdt. 5, 46) ; κτιστός `laid out, founded' (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. κτιστόν `building' (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning `live, abide' and thus outside the system: ἐυ κτίμενος `where you can live well' (Hom.); περι-κτί-ονες pl. `those living around, neighbours' (Il.), ἀμφι-κτί-ονες `id.' (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides - κτύονες (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear υ (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); περι-κτί-ται pl. `id.' (λ 288), after it as simplex κτί-ται `id.' (E. Or. 1621), κτίτης = κτίστης (Delph. IIa); ἐΰ-κτι-τος = ἐυ κτίμενος (Β 592), ὀρεί-κτι-τος `living in the mountains' (Pi.); but e.g. θεό-κτι-τος `founded by the gods' (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on κτίστωρ. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. κτοίνα (also πτοίνα with unexplained πτ-) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. koto(i)na) with κτοινᾶται, - έται (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).Etymology: With περι-κτί-ται agrees but for the lengthening ā-stem Skt. pari-kṣí-t-'living round about', with ( ἐΰ)-κτιτος Av. ( ana)- šita- `uninhabited'. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. kṣé-ti, pl. kṣi-y-ánti (= Myc. ki-ti-je-si [trans.]) - Av. šaēiti, šyeinti `live'. An agreeing athematic ptc. is κτί-μενος. The transitive-causative meaning `make as living, found', which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist κτίσ(σ)αι, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in κτί-μενος), like ἔ-στη-σα to ἔ-στη-ν (s. ἵστημι). To κτίσ(σ)αι arose κτίζω, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). κτί-σις too has an exact parallel in Skt. kṣi-tí-, Av. ši-ti- `living (place)', but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to κτίζω suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 95 n. 5). With κτοίνα agrees, except for the i-stem, Arm. šēn, gen. šini `inhabited (place)'. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with κτείνω we now assume * tkei-. Cf. κτίλος.Page in Frisk: 2,34-35Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτίζω
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17 στέφω
στέφω, - ομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to surround closely, to enclose tightly, to encase, to wreathe, to honour (with libations)' (for it, esp in prose, often στεφανόω).Other forms: Aor. στέψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. στεφθῆναι, fut. στέψω, - ομαι, perf. ἔστεμμαι (IA.; ἐστεθμένος Miletos VIa; cf. στέθματα below).Compounds: Also w. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα- a.o. As 2. member a.o. in χρυσο-στεφής `consisting of a golden garland' (S.), but most verbal, e.g. καταστεφ-ής `wreathed' (: κατα-στέφω, S., A. R.).Derivatives: 1. στέφος n. `wreath, garland' (Emp., trag., late prose), metaph. `honouring libation' (A. Oh. 95); 2. στέμμα, most pl. - ατα n. `band, wreath' (Il.), also as ornament of Rom. figures or ancestors, `family tree' (Plu., Sen., Plin.), `guild' (late inscr.) with - ματίας surn. of Apollon (Paus.), - ματιαῖον meaning uncertain (H., AB), - ματόω `to wreathe' (E.); on the byform στέθματα τὰ στέμματα H. s. Schwyzer 317 Zus. 1 (w. lit.). 3. στέψις f. `the wreathing' (pap. IIIp). 4. στεπτικόν n. `wreath-money, -toll' (pap. IIIp). 5. στεπτήρια στέμματα, α οἱ ἱέται ἐκ τῶν κλάδων ἐξῆπτον H.; Στεπτήριον n. name of a Delphic feast (Plu.). 6. στεφών m. `summit' (Ephesos IIIa), = ὑψηλός, ἀπόκρημνος H.; after κολοφών a.o. -- 7. στεφάνη f. `fillet, edge of a helmet' also `helmet' (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 43. also Hainsworth JHSt. 78, 52), `edge of a rock, wall-pinnacle' (esp. ep. poet. Il., also hell. a. late prose). 8. στέφανος m. `wreath, frame, wreath of victory or honour, honour' (since Ν 736) with several derivv.: - ιον, - ίσκος, - ίς, - ικός, - ιαῖος. - ίτης, - ιτικός, - ίζω, - ίξαι; esp. - όομαι, - όω, also w. περι- a.o., `to form a wreath, to wreathe, to crown, to decorate, to honour' (Il.), from where - ωμα, - ωματικός, - ωσις, - ωτής. - ωτίς and - ωτρίς (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 164), - ωτικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: As the basic meaning of στέφω, from which all other formations ar serived, clearly is `closely, fest surrounded, enclosed', there is no reason not to connect, Skt. stabhnā́ti, perf. tastámbha `make fest, hold fest, support, stiffen, stem', as already appears from πύκα `close, fest', πυκάζω `make fest, enclose narrowly', ἄμ-πυξ (and Av. pusā) `band of the forehead, diadem' [but see s.v.]. Of the many further representatives of this great and difficult to limit wordgroup may only still be mentioned Skt. stambha- m. `making fest, stem, support, post, pillar', Lith. stam̃bas `stump, stalk of a plant', Latv. stabs `pillar', Germ. e.g. OHG stabēn `be fixed, stiff' (Eastfris. staf `stiff, lame'), OWNo. stefja `stem', OHG stab, OWNo. stafr `staff'; IE * stebh-, stembh- (WP. 2, 623ff., Pok. 1011 ff.). -- As Skt. stambha- can also mean `bumptiousness, pretentious being', the question has arisen, whether also στόμφος `bombastic, highflown speech' belongs here; cf. on στέμβω. With stabhnā́ti etc. are often connected στέμβω [wrongly, s.v.], ἀστεμφής etc. assuming a meaning complex `press, stamp, stem, support, post etc.' (s. WP. and Pok. l. c.), a combination, which goes beyond what can be proven. -- Diff. on στέφω, στέφανος Lidén Streitberg-Festgabe 224ff.: to NPers. tāǰ `corona, diadema regium', Arm. t`ag `id.', ev. also to Osset. multiplicative suffix - daɣ (W. Oss. dudaɣ) with a basic meaning `wind, wrap, fold'; would be IE *( s)tegʷʰ-. == Frisk's discussion is completely dated. It is hampered by Pok. 1011, where (* stebh-. * stembh- and * step- are conbined; this is impossible in IE, so the grouping can best be completely dismissed (presence beside absence of a nasal is impossible, as is bh\/b\/p.) Skt. stabhná̄ti has a root * stembhH-\/*stm̥bhH-, which cannot give Gr. στεφ-, not στεμβ-. It might be found in ἀστεμφής. = σταφυλή and στέμφυλον are a Pre-Greek group and have nothing to do with IE. = The argumentation around ἄμπυξ (s.v.) can better be abandoned. = For στέφω one expects *stebh- (without nasal), but no such root has been found; the Geranic words for `staff (Stab)' have a quite diff. meaning. = So στέφω has no etym.Page in Frisk: 2,794-795Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέφω
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18 Χριστιανός
Χριστιανός, οῦ, ὁ (formed like Ἡρῳδιανοί [q.v.] or Καισαριανοί Epict. 1, 19, 19; s. TMommsen, Her 34, 1899, 151f; Dssm., LO 323 [LAE 377]; Hahn 263, 9; B-D-F §5, 2. On the Pompeian ins CIL IV 679, the reading of which is quite uncertain, s. VSchultze, ZKG 5, 1881, 125ff. On the spelling Χρηστιανός Ac 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pt 4:16 [all v.l.]; AcPl Ha 9, 19 [cp. Just., A I, 4, 5]; s. FBlass, Her 30, 1895, 465ff; Harnack, SBBerlAk 1915, 762; B-D-F §24; Mlt-H. 72) one who is associated w. Christ, Christ-partisan, Christian (so also Lucian, Alex. 25; 38, M. Peregr. 11; 12; 13; 16; Tacitus, Ann. 15, 44; Suetonius, Nero 16; Pliny the Younger, Ep. 10, 96, 1; 2; 3 al., also in Trajan’s reply; ApcSed prol.; Ar., Just., Ath.; s. Hemer, Acts 177) Ac 11:26; 26:28; 1 Pt 4:16 (JKnox, JBL 72, ’53, 187–89); IEph 11:2; IMg 4; IRo 3:2; IPol 7:3; MPol 3; 10:1; 12:1, 2; D 12:4; PtK 2 p. 15, 8; τῶν Χρ. Dg 1:1. Without the art. 2:6, 10; 4:6; 5:1; 6:1–9. πολλοὺς Χρ. ActPl Ha 9, 19.—As an adj. χριστιανός, ή, όν: ἡ χριστιανὴ τροφή ITr 6:1.—For inscriptions s. esp. EGibson, The ‘Christians for Christians’ Inscriptions from Phrygia ’78; New Docs 128–39.—RLipsius, Über den Ursprung u. ältesten Gebr. des Christennamens, Prog. Jena 1873; Zahn, Einl. II3 41ff; FKattenbusch, Das apostol. Symbol II 1900, 557ff; JDaniels, De Naam ΧΡΙΣΤΙΑΝΟΙ: De Studiën 76, 1907, 568–80; JLeCoultre, De l’étymologie du mot ‘Chrétien’: RTP 40, 1907, 188–96; AGercke, Der Christenname ein Scheltname: Festschr. z. Jahrhundertfeier d. Univers. Breslau 1911, 360ff; Harnack, Mission I4 1923, 424ff; EPeterson, Christianus: Miscellanea Giov. Mercati I ’46, 355–72; EBickerman, HTR 42, ’49, 109–24; JMoreau, La Nouvelle Clio 4, ’50, 190–92; HMattingly, JTS 9, ’58, 26–37 (cp. the term Augustiani); CSpicq, StTh 15, ’61, 68–78 (cp. the adj. Ciceronianus=of or belonging to Cicero: Sen., Con. 7, 2, 12).—DELG s.v. χρίω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.
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