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41 ἕρμα 1
ἕρμα 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `prop', in the Il. (and h. Ap. 507) in plur. of the supports (stones or beams), put under the ships when drawn on land; metaph. of men, `support, column' (Il.); `cliff under the sea, on which the ship gets stuck' (Alk. Supp. 26, 6, Hdt. 7, 183, Th. 7, 25); `stone, or another weight, that can serve as ballast' (Ar., Arist.); `hope of stones' (S. Ant. 848 [lyr.], AP 9, 319).Compounds: XX [etym. unknown]Derivatives: ἑρμί̄ς (or -ί̄ν), acc. ἑρμῖνα, dat. pl. - ῖσιν `post of a bed' (θ278, ψ 198, Hdt. 3, 16; cf. ῥηγμῖν- from ῥῆγμα, σταμῖν- etc.); vgl. Hdn. Gr. 2, 431 with etymological speculations. ἕρμαξ f. `heap of stones' (Nic. a. o.), Ngr. ἑρμακιά ( ἁρ-) `wall of dry stones', many derivv. in the lower Ital. diall, s. Rohlfs WB 78f.; ἕρμακες ὕφαλοι πέτραι H. (cf. λίθαξ, μύλαξ a. o.). ἑρμεών σωρὸς λίθων H. (cf. βολεών s. βάλλω etc.). ἑρματίτης πέτρος `stone serving as ballast' (Lyk. 618). ἑρματικός `standing fest, resting..' ( κράββατος, PGen. 68, 10; IVp). ἑρμαῖος λόφος `heap of stones' (π 471; uncertain, cf. on Έρμῆς). - Denomin. verbs. ἑρμάζω `support, make stable' (Hp.) with ἕρμασμα, - σμός (Hp.), ἕρμασις (Erot., also Trozen IVa [- σσ-]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149); ἑρματίζω `id.' (Hp.). - On Έρμῆς ( Έρμείας, Έρμάων) s. v.Etymology: Difficult because of the divergent meanings. One supposed two or three diffrent words. So in WP. 1, 267 ἕρμα `cliff' is considered a separate word (with Froehde BB 17, 304) and connected with Skt. várṣman- n. `height, hill, top, point'. This etymology however disregards the most important element of cliffs under the sea. On the other hand ἕρμα as ballast of a ship in WP. 1, 265 is with Vaniček and Fick (s. also W.-Hofmann s. sērius) connected with Lith. sveriù `weigh', svarùs `heavy', OHG swār(i) ` schwer'. In the meaning `support, prop' (2, 528) one connects words for `pole etc.', e. g. Skt. sváru- `pole,...at a sacrifice', OE swer `post, column', Lat. surus `twig, sprout, pole'. But it is very doubtful whether ἕρμα ever meant `pole'. - An attempt to combime all meanings makes Porzig Satzinhalte 266: the orig. meaning would be a `stone (for propping up a ship)', from where `Ballast-stones', and on the other hand - sarcastically - also `cliffs under the sea'. - Formally ἕρμα seems a verbal noun in - μα with regular ε-vowel. For an etym. one might think of Lith. sveriù `weigh' and relatives (s. above); so orig. `heavy weight, stone', IE *su̯ér-mn̥. - Kretschmer Kleinas. Forsch. 1, 4 thinks ἕρμα is Anatolian, pointing to the Lydian river Ε῝ρμος ( πολυψήφιδα παρ' Ε῝ρμον Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 55), partly to Lycian PN in Erm-, Arm-. For non-IE origin also Chantraine L'Ant. class. 22, 69. - Wrong Gonda Mnemos. 3: 6, 165f. (Lat. sĕra, Gr. ἅρπη `sickle', IE * ser-.) - I see no reason for foreign origin.Page in Frisk: 1,562-563Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρμα 1
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42 εὔχομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: 1. `proclaim, boast' (Il.); 2. `promise solemnly' (Il.; also e. g. Pl. Ph. 58b); 3. `pray' (Il.);Derivatives: εὖχος `glory' (cf. κλέος), rarely and secondarily `fulfilment of a prayer' (Il.); εὑχωλή `proclamation, boast, vow, prayer' (Il.; also Arc. Cypr., Bechtel Dial. 1, 391 aund 447) with εὑχωλιμαῖος `bound by a vow' (Hdt. 2, 63; cf. Chantraine Formation 49, Mélanges Maspero II 221); εὑχή `vow, prayer' (κ 526); εὔγματα pl. `boasts' (χ 249), `vow, prayer' (Trag., Call.); cf. ῥήματα; πρόσ-ευξις `prayer' (Orph.). Verbal adj. εὑκτός `asked for' (Ξ 98 εὑκτά n. pl.), `desired' (att.); with ἀπ-ευκτός, πολύ-ευκτος (A.); also ἀπ-, πολυ-εύχετος (A., h. Cer. usw.); εὑκταῖος `containing a prayer' (trag. etc.); εὑκτικός `belonging to a prayer', ἡ εὑκτική ( ἔγκλισις) = ( modus) optativus (hell.); εὑκτήριος `belonging to the prayer', - ιον n. `house of prayer' (Just.); on - τικός: - τήριος Chantraine Formation 13. - Polyinterpretable is the 1. member in Εὑχ-ήνωρ (Ν 663), s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 175. - Lengthened forms of the present-stem εὑχετόωντο, - τάασθαι = εὔχοντο, - εσθαι (Il.); explanation uncertain, s. Leumann Hom. Wörter 182ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 358. - On εὖχος, εὑχή, εὑχωλή etx. s. Porzig Satzinhalte 231f., 235, Chantraine Formation 183, 418f.; also G. Steinkopf Unters. zu d. Geschichte d. Ruhmes bei d. Griech. Diss. Halle 1937, M. Greindl Κλέος, κῦδος, εὖχος, τιμή, φάτις, δόξα. Diss. München 1938.Etymology: εὔχομαι is identical with Av. aoǰaite `solemnly proclaim, invoke', Skt. óhate `boast, praise', IE *h₁éughetai or *h₁éugʷhetai (with gʷ̯ʰ \> χ after υ); an old term of the religious language. Beside it the athematic preterite 3. sg. εὖκτο (Thebaïs Fr. 3) = GAv. aogǝdā, LAv. aoxta; also 1. sg. εὔγμην (S. Tr. 610)?; s. the lit. in Schwyzer 679 n. 6. - Against eugh- or eugʷʰ- in εὔχεται stands in Lat. voveō `solemnly promise, implore', Skt. vāghát- `the vower, who prays', IE u̯egʷʰ-; semantically diverging or phonetically uncertain are Arm. uzem `I will', y-uzem `I search', gog `say!'. - Cf. W.-Hofmann s. voveō.Page in Frisk: 1,595-596Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > εὔχομαι
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43 ἐφέται
Grammatical information: m. pl.Derivatives: ἐφετμή, mostly in plur. `order' (Il.); cf. ἐρέτης: ἐρετμόν and Schwyzer 493, Chantraine Formation 149; also Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 1, 254 and Porzig Satzinhalte 85.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [502] *i̯eh₁- `throw'Etymology: In the meaning `commander' from ἐφίεμαι `order, command'; in the juridical meaning prob. from ἐφίημι = `decide sthing (about somebody)'. Older, wrong interpretations in Bq. See DELGPage in Frisk: 1,597Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐφέται
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44 ζῆλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `zeal, emulation, jealousy' (Hes. Op. 195).Other forms: Dor. ζᾶλος (late also n.; cf. ὄνειδος, μῖσος a. o.; s. Schwyzer 521, Schwyzer-Debrunner 38)Compounds: As 1. member in ζηλό-τυπος `formed by zeal, jealous' with - τυπέω, - τυπία (Att.); often as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-, κακό-ζηλος, Dor. Πολύ-ζαλος PN.Derivatives: ζηλήμων `jealous' (ε 118, Call., Opp.; after the adj. in - ήμων, s. Chantraine Form.173; diff. Specht KZ 59, 51) with ζηλημοσύνη (Q. S.); ζηλαῖος `id.' (AP); ζηλοσύνη = ζῆλος (h. Ap. 100; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 227); ζήλη f. `female rival' (X. Eph. 2, 112, Aristaenet. 1, 25 codd.). Denomin. verbs: 1. ζηλόω `vie with, emulate' (IA since Hes. Op. 23) with ζήλωσις `emulation, jealousy' (Th.), ζήλωμα `emulation, happiness' (E., D.), ζηλωτής `emulator, admirer', "zealot" (Att., hell.), - ωτικός `emulating' (Arist.); 2. ζᾱλέω `be sealous for' (Delphi Ia); 3. ζηλεύω = ζηλόω (Demokr. 55 [v. l.], Simp. in Epikt. [VIp]), - ευτής (Eust.).Etymology: Perh. to ζητέω, s. v.), δίζημαι (s. v.); uncertain. Several hypotheses in Bq, and Pok. 501.Page in Frisk: 1,612-613Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ζῆλος
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45 ἧλιξ
ἧλιξ maarGrammatical information: m. f.Meaning: `of the same age, as old' (σ 373).Other forms: Dor. ἇλιξCompounds: As 2. member in παν-αφ-ῆλιξ `completely without companions of his own age' (X 490). Mostly only as age-indication, e. g. ὁμ-ῆλιξ `of the same age' (Il.;with ὁμηλικ-ίη `the same age, those of the same age' (Il.), ἀφ-ῆλιξ, Ion. ἀπ- `beyond youth', `elderly' (h. Cer. 140), but also `youthly' (Phryn. Com.).Derivatives: Abstract ἡλικία, - ίη `group of the same age' (Π 808) cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 206f., 273 and Ω 487), `manhood'; with ἡλικιώτης, f. - τις `of the same age' (IA.), Cret. Ϝαλικιώτας ( β-της cod.) συνέφηβος H. - On ἧλιξ, ἡλικία s. esp. Chantraine Et. sur le vocab. gr. 155ff.Etymology: Cret. Ϝαλικιώτας points to original *σϜᾱλιξ, from IE reflexive *su̯e (in Fhe, s. ἕ, ἑ) with the same suffix, as in ἡλίκος, τηλίκος, πηλίκος (s. vv.); cf. Chantraine op. cit. 152ff.). So prop. "who has the same (age)". Cf. Skt. sva-ka- `relative, friend' and ἔτης; also ἀέλιοι; s. vv.Page in Frisk: 1,630-631Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἧλιξ
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46 θάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `inside room at the back of a house' (as opposed to μέγαρον, δῶμα), as room for women and sleepingroom, also as room for provisions (Il.; on the meaning Wace JournofHellStud. 71, 203ff.), in mariners' language `the lowest deck of a ship' (Timae., Poll.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in θαλαμη-πόλος f., late m. `lady's-maid, -servant; eunuch' (Od.; - η- rhythmically conditioned, Schwyzer 438f.). - θαλάμη f. `lair, den, cavity of the body' (ε 432, E., Hp., Arist.), as nautical term = θάλαμος (Luc.): on θάλαμος θάλαμος - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 284.Derivatives: θαλαμιά `rowers shutter on the lowest deck of the ship' (Hdt. 5, 33), also `the oar at this deck' (Ar. Ach. 533, inscr.); cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 129, on the meaning Morrison Class. Quart. 41, 125ff.; with θαλαμίας m. `the rower in the θάλαμος or in the θαλαμιά' (Th. 4, 32, App., Them.), with this meaning also θαλάμᾱξ (Ar. Ra. 1074; Schwyzer 497, Chantraine Formation 381) and θαλαμίτης (sch. ad loc.). From θάλαμος still the rare θαλαμήϊος (Hes. Op. 807, A. R.), θαλαμαῖος (Ph.), θαλαμίς (An. Ox.) and the denominative θαλαμεύομαι, - εύω `being brought into the θάλαμος, take as wife' (Ph., Hld. u. a.) with θαλαμεύτρια = νυμφεύτρια (Poll.); θαλάμευμα = θάλαμος E. Ba. 120 (lyr.), cf. Chantraine Formation 185; θαλαμευτός (Tim. Pers. 245).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: reminds of θόλος (s. v.), further unknown; Pre-Greek origin is quite possible. Acc. to E. Maaß RhM 77, 1ff. also to θάλος, θαλλός; well-founded doubts in Wahrmann Glotta 19, 213. Pelasgian etymology in v. Windekens Le Pélasgique 88f.; diff. Haas Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 129ff. - [Not to ὀφθαλμός, s. v.]- The structure of the word (CαC-αC-) is typically Pre-Greek; it can be cognate with θόλος (Fur. 342).Page in Frisk: 1,648Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θάλαμος
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47 θήρ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wild animal, beast of prey' (Il.).Compounds: Compp., e. g. θηρο-φόνος `killing wild' (Thgn.), Θηρε-φόνα (Paus. 5, 3, 3; on the comp. vowel - ε- Schwyzer 438); ἔν-θηρος `full of wild' (trag.), ἄ-θηρος (Hdt., A.) `without wild', also `without hunting' (from θήρα; Sommer Nominalkomp. 149f.).Derivatives: θηρίον `wild animal, hunted animal' (Od.; Wackernagel Unt. 218; orig. soothing diminutive, Sieberer Sprache 2, 112); posthhom. also `animal', with several derivv.: diminut. θηρίδιον (Thphr.), θηρά̄φιον (Damokr. ap. Gal.; Wackernagel Glotta 4, 243f.); prob. as backformation, θήραφος `spider' (Cyren. 62; acc. to Strömberg Wortstudien 23 as "hunted animal" from θήρα, θηρᾶν); θηριακός `regarding the enimals' (medic.), θηριώδης `full of wild animals, animal-like' (IA); θηριότης `being of an animal' (Arist); denomin.: 1. θηριόομαι, - όω `be changed into an animal' (Pl., Eub.) with θηρίωσις (Luc.); beside it θηρίωμα `malignant ulcer' from θηρίον `id.' (medic.); 2. θηριάζομαι `id.' ( Corp. Herm. 10, 20). - θήρειος `belonging to (the) wild (animals ' (IA). - Denominative verbs: 1. θηράω `hunt' (A.), perf. ptc. πεφειράκοντες (Thess.); from there θηρατήρ, - άτωρ (- ρητ-) `hunter' (Il.; on - τήρ: - τωρ Benveniste Noms d'agent 46 with the objections of Fraenkels Gnomon 22, 161) with θηρατήριος (S.); also θηρατής `id.' (Ar.) mit θηρατικός (X.); θήραμα `hunting booty' (E.), θήρατρον `apparatus for hunting, net' (X.); θηράσιμος `worth the hunting, the trying' (A. Pr. 858; cf. Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 63). Here also as backformation θήρα `hunt, booty' (Il.) with θηροσύνη `id.' (Opp., AP), θηρότις θηρεύτρια H. (after ἀγρότις). As 2. member - θήρας, e. g. ὀρνιθο-θήρας `birdcatcher' (Ar., Arist.). 2. θηρεύω `hunt' (τ 465) with θηρευτής `hunt' (Il.), θηρευτικός (Ar., X., Arist.), also θηρευτήρ (Opp.), f. θηρεύτρια (pap.), θήρευμα `hunting booty' (S., E., Pl.), θήρευσις `hunt' (Ph). - See Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 65ff.; also Fraenkel Nom. ag. (s. index); and Porzig Satzinhalte 234.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [493] *ǵʰueh₁r- `wild animalEtymology: With the pluralforms θῆρες, θηρῶν agree exactly the East Lith. forms žvė́res, žvėrų̃, IE *ǵhu̯ēr-es, -om; with transform. to the i-declension sing. Lith. žverìs, OCS zvěrь `id.'. Beside it with short stemvowel Lat. fĕrus `wild'. Details in W.-Hofmann s. ferus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. zverь; Pok. 493.Page in Frisk: 1,671-672Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θήρ
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48 θρόμβος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `clump, curd, esp. of blood' (IA).Derivatives: θρομβίον (Dsc.), θρομβήϊον (Nic.), θρομβώδης `full of clumps' (IA), θρομβόομαι `form θ., congeal' with θρόμβωσις `curdling, thrombosis' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With θρόμβος agrees NIcel. drambr m. `knag, knot', IE *dhrómbhos if one assumes deaspiration after nasal in Greek (Schwyzer 333) but this did not occur ( ἀμφι; cf. on θάμβος), Porzig Satzinhalte 256, 316. A direct connection is however "höchst fraglich" (Frisk), as drambr belongs to an expressive Nordic wordgroup (e.g, OWNo. trē-drumbr m. `stump of a tree', dramb n. `resplendent presumption' a. o.). Baltic too has several comparable words, which are however semantically deviant, as Lith. dramblỹs, dremblỹs `fat belly', Latv. dram̃blis `glutton', s. Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. drìbti. - Inside Geek one generally connects θρόμβος with τρέφειν as `make congeal', med. τρέφεσθαι, aor. 2 τραφεῖν `congeal'; θρόμβος then "curdled mass". The verb however in Greek got the special meaning `make thick, feed' and has its proper development (s. v.) - So there is no convincing IE etymology, and the word will rather be of Pre-Greek origin (undecided Fur. 274); note that - μβ- cannot represent - mbh- (Schwyzer is unconvincing, cf. ἀμφί, ὀμφαλός).Page in Frisk: 1,685-686Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρόμβος
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49 θρώσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `spring, leap upon, rush, dart' (Il.);Other forms: θρῴσκω, Schwyzer 710, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 317), aor. θορεῖν, fut. θοροῦμαι (Il.), ἔθρωξα (Opp.), perf. ptc. f. τεθορυίης (Antim. 65); after θορεῖν the pres. θόρνυμαι (Hdt. 3, 109, [S.] Fr. 1127, 9, Nic. Th. 130) for original θάρνυσθαι = κυΐσκεσθαι (H.; thematic θαρνεύει ὀχεύει; s. also on θρέομαι),Derivatives: 1. From θρω-: θρωσμός ( θρῳσμός) `springing, rising' (Κ 160, Λ 56 = Υ 3; A. R. 2, 823; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 239); θρῶσις `cord, line' (Theognost., H.). 2. From the aorist: θορός m. (Hdt., Hp., Arist.), θορή f. (Hdt., Alcmaion) `mascul. seed', prop. "springer" or "jumper" (cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 88, Schwyzer 459); from there θορικός `belonging to the seed' (Arist.), θοραῖος `containing seed etc.' (Nic., Lyc.), θορώδης `id.' (Gal.), θορόεις `consisting of seed' (Opp.); denomin. verb θορίσκομαι `receive semen' (Ant. Lib.; cf. κυΐσκομαι). - On θοῦρος s. v.Etymology: The only certain comparison gives MIr. dairim `leap upon' with the nouns der `young girl' (\< * dherā), Welsh - derig `rutty' (Fick 2, 142, Loth Rev. celt. 41, 378f.). On the ablaut cf. βλώσκω, μολεῖν, μολοῦμαι (s. v.), and s. Schwyzer 696 and 747. The root was * dʰerh₃-; * dʰrh₃- giving θρω- before consonant, θαρ- before vowel; θορή contains old -o: * dʰorh₃-; the form with θαρν(ευ-) goes back on an old nasal present, * dʰr-n-(e)h₃- which would have given *θαρνω-μι. The fut. θορέομαι may go back with metathesis on *θερο- \< * dʰerh₃- (Ruiperez, Emerita 18 (1950) 386-407); the aorist will have its vocalism from here.Page in Frisk: 1,689Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θρώσκω
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50 θύελλἁ
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `stormwind' (Il., Arist.);Compounds: θυελλό-πους (Nonn.) after ἀελλό-πο(υ)ς (Θ 409) a.o.Etymology: From θύω `storm, rage, dash', perh. after ἄελλα (s. v.), where the l-suffix was inferited (Porzig Satzinhalte 350). Cf. Illyr. Δύαλος (s. v.) with Specht, Ursprung 328.Page in Frisk: 1,690Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύελλἁ
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51 θύω 2
θύω 2.Grammatical information: v.Derivatives: Derivations partly show the older meaning `smoke, incense' (s. below): 1. θῦμα `offer' (IA etc.); 2. ἔκ-, πρό-θυσις from ἐκ-, προ-θύω (late); 3. θυσία s. below on θύτης; 4. θύος n. with θυέστης a. o. `incense', s. v.; 5. θύον `life-tree', s. v.; 6. θυητά n. pl. `incense' (Aret.; on the formation cf. θυηλη s.v.); 7. θυ(ε)ία f. `strong smelling ceder, thuya' with θυῖον n. `resin' (Thphr.); formation unclear; to θύος (s. v.)? 8. θύτης m. `offerer' (hell.; ἐκ-θύτης from ἐκ-θύω E.); θύτας (Thess.), with θυτεῖον `offerplace' (Aeschin.), θυτικός `belonging to an offer' (hell., directly from θύω), θυσία `offer, offerfeast' (h. Cer.; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 224, Porzig Satzinhalte 200); from there θυσιάζω `offer' with θυσίασμα, - αστήριος, - ον; 9. θυτήρ m. `id.' (trag.) with θυτήριον `sacrificial animal' (E.), also `altar', name of the constellation Ara (Arat.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 192); 10. θύστας ὁ ἱερεὺς παρὰ Κρησί H., f. θυστάς, - άδος `belonging to the sacrifice' (A., S.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 182; 2, 37, E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 85); 11. θύστρα n. = θύματα (Kos); 12. θυ\<σ\> τηρίοις θυμιατηρίοις H.; 13. θυσμικός `regarding the sacrifice' ( ἔτος; Paros, Tenos); the - σ- in the last words hardly with Schulze Q. 320 n. 1 and Fraenkel l. c. from the σ-stem in θύος, but rather with Solmsen KZ 29, 114 analogical [to what?] (cf. μύστης a. o.). - With λ-, resp. μ-suffix in θυηλη, θυμός, θύμον, [not in θυμάλωψ], s. vv.; with μελ-suffix (Frisk Eranos 41, 51) θῠμέλη `hearth, altar' (trag.; not with Aly Glotta 5, 60ff. prop. "practice-ground" from 1. θύω `storm') with θυμελικός.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The regular stemformation of θύω will be the resultof inner-Greek adjustment. The original paradigma can no longer be reconstructed. As the nearest parallel is given Lat. suf-fiō, - īre `incense', explained from *-dhu̯-ii̯ō, which is of course very far away. - It is often supposed that 1. θύω and 2. θύω were originally identical, but this is far from clear; one assumes a development like `stieben, stäuben, wirbeln, stürmen, rauchen' v. t., but this can well be wrong. The different languages show a mass of formations and meanings which can no longer be interpreted, see Pok. 261-267, (268-271). - S. further τύφω. θάνατος, θολός, ἀθύρω have nothing to do with our verb.- P. Pagot, RPh LXXV (2001) 144 connects Hitt. tuhhae `pant, sigh' from * dʰ(e)uh₂-, which is however very far as regards the meaning.Page in Frisk: 1,698-699Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > θύω 2
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52 ἰάχω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `cry aloud, shout, shriek, resound, roar' (Il.)Other forms: aor. ἰαχῆσαι (h. Cer. 20), pres. also ἰαχέω with fut. ἰαχήσω (trag.); perf. ptc. ἀμφιαχυῖα (Β 316), to which ἀμφιάχω (Orph., Q. S.);Derivatives: ἰαχή `cry, noise' (Il.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 228) with αὑίαχοι (s. v.); ἰάχημα `id.' (E. in lyr., AP; on the formation Chantraine Formation 186); Ἴακχος, s. v.Etymology: From *Ϝι-Ϝάχ-ω with reduplication (on the digamma Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 139f.); a thematic aorist *Ϝαχεῖν, *Ϝάχε is since Schulze KZ 29, 230ff. (= Kl. Schr. 330ff.) supposed in the text of Homer for the aorist ἴαχε; s. Chantraine 1, 393, Schwyzer 748. The present (Schwyzer 726 n. 5) perhaps from the aor. ἰαχῆσαι (s. Schwyzer 721); a denominative formation from ἰαχή (Schulze Kl. Schr. 344 n. 1) is less prob. On the unreduplicated ptc. ἀμφι-(Ϝ)αχυῖα Schwyzer 767, Chantraine 1, 421. - The sometimes found (trag.) long α may result from expressive gemination of the velar (cf. Ἴακχος and Schwyzer 315), but influence of the present ἀ̄χέω has also be assumed. - On ἠχή s. v.Page in Frisk: 1,706-707Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰάχω
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53 ἵημι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `send (away), let go, throw, hurl etc.'; details on the inflexion in Schwyzer 686f., 741, 770, 775.Other forms: Aor. ἕηκα, ἦκα, inf. ἕμεναι, εἷναι, med. εἵμην ( ἡκάμην), inf. ἕσθαι, pass. εἵθην, ἑθῆναι, fut. ἥσω (Il.); perf. med. εἷμαι, act. εἷκα (Att.), ἕωκα (hell.),Compounds: Mostly, in some forms exclusively, with prefix in several meanings, ἀν-, ἀφ-, ἐφ-, καθ-, προ-, συν-, ὑφ- etc.,Derivatives: Many derivv., almost only from the prefixed forms: 1. ἧμα `throwing, throw (of a javelin)' (Ψ 891; Porzig Satzinhalte 267), ἥμων `throwing (a javelin)' (Ψ 886); κάθημα, hell. - εμα (Schwyzer 523) `collar' (Antiph., LXX); μεθήμων `negligent' with - μοσύνη (Hom.), συνήμων `companion' (A. R.) with - μοσύνη `treaty, companionship' (Il.). 2. ἑσμός `swarm (of bees)' s. v. 3. ἄν-, ἄφ-, ἔξ-, ἔφ-, κάθ-εσις etc. (IA; ἕσις only Pl. Kra. 411d, 420a as artificial formation, EM 469, 49) with ἀφέσιμος a. o. (Arist.). 4. ἐννεσίαι `advice' (Il.), ἐξεσίη `sending out' (Hom.), ἀνεσία `leaving off' (Cratin.); on the formation s. ἐννεσίαι. 5. ἐνετή `clasp, needle' (Il.). 6. ἐν-, ἀφ-, καθ-ετήρ (Hp., hell.) with - ετήριος etc.; καθετηρίζω, - ισμός (medic.). 7. ἐφέται, ἐφετμή s. v.; ἀφέτης `sender, slinger' (Plb.). 8. συνετός `sensible' (Pi., Ion. Att., beside σύνεσις `reasonableness'), ἄν-, ἄφ-, κάθ-ετος etc.; ἀν-, προ-ετικός (: ἄν-, πρό-εσις; X., Arist., hell.).Etymology: The relation ἔθηκα: fēcī: ἕηκα: iēcī points to a genetic connection of the two last forms. One derived ἵημι, ἕηκα, pl. ἕεμεν from IE sē(i)-, but connection with i̯ē-k- was also considered (Bartholomae KZ 27, 355; Petersen Lang. 7, 125ff., Schwyzer 741). Connection only with iaciō is argued by Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 197f., Hirt IF 12, 229, Hofmann s. iaciō and 1. serō, Ernout-Meillet, Bq. (Only for serō Persson Beitr. 1, 358ff., Fraenkel REIE 2, 46ff. The root * seh₁- however always means `sow' (in spite of Arm. himn `basis').Page in Frisk: 1,714-715Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἵημι
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54 ἴτυς
ἴτυς, - υοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `felloe, rim of a shield', also metaph., `shield' (Il.).Derivatives: No deriv.Etymology: Aeol. Ϝίτυς (gramm.; cf. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 144) proves connection with ἰτέα, οἶσος, ἶρις, so prop. `bowing' (from where first `willow'?) as τυ-deriv. of a verb `bow, twist' in Lat. viēre `bind, twist', Skt. vyáyati `wind, wrap, envelop', ptc. vītá- (cf. Ϝῖ-ρις, Ϝῑ-τέα), Lith. vejù, výti, ptc. výtas (= Skt. vītá-), Slav., e. g. Russ. vjú, vítь `turn, wind'. With Ϝίτυς agrees exactly Lat. vitus `felloe' (with vitūtus `provided with a felloe' (concluded from βιτωτός Ed. Diocl.), but rather as a loan (W.-Hofmann s. v.). Also elsewhere there are traces of tu-derivv. both in Greek and in Balto-Slavic: ἰτέα, οἶσος; OPr. witwan `willow', OCS větvь, Russ. vítvina `twig, rod'; direct connection with ἴτυς is however doubtful, cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 340. - Further cognates (e. g. Lat. vītis, OHG wīda `willow', Lat. vīmen) W.-Hofmann s. vīeō, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. vetvь und vítvina.Page in Frisk: 1,743-744Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴτυς
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55 κακός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `bad, awful, worthless' (Il.).Compounds: Often as 1. member (opposion to εὖ); also as 2. member, e. g. ἄ-κακος `who does not know what is bad, unguilty' (bahuvrihi; Sapph., A.); also ἀ-κάκᾱς (Dor.) adjunct of Hades (Megara), of Dareios (A. Pers. 855 [lyr.]), cf. Chantraine Formation 28 (hardly correct Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 187 n. 2).Derivatives:. Comp forms: κακώτερος (Il.), κακίων, κάκιστος (Il.; after ἄριστος, Seiler 100f.; s. also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 259). Abstracts: 1. κακότης `badness' (Il.); 2. κακία `id.' (Thgn., Att.; on κακότης: κακία Porzig Satzinhalte 212); 3. κάκη `bad character, cowardice' (A., E.); after πάθη, βλάβη, cf. Frisk Eranos 43, 221; as 2. member in στομα-κάκη a disease of mouth and teeth (Str., Plin.). - Denomin. verbs. 1. κακίζω `revile', - ίζομαι `behave badly, be coward' (Il.) with κακισμός (Phld., Str.), κάκισις (Vett. Val.) `scorn'; 2. κακόω `do wrong, damage,' (Il.) with κάκωσις `maltreat, damage' (IA.), κακωτής `damager', κακωτικός `damaging, harmful' (Ph., Vett. Val.); 3. κακύνομαι, - ύνω `prove bad, cowardly, damage' (E., Pl.; Schwyzer 733).Origin: XX [etym. unknown] (PGX)Etymology: No clear etymology, originally no doubt an expressive word of the (lower) popular language. Often compared with κακκάω (Prellwitz, Güntert Reimwortbildungen 83); even less probable or quite impossible proposals in Bq; see Scheftelowitz ZII 6, 119. - New Phryg. κακο(υ)ν is a Greek LW [loanword], Solmsen KZ 34, 52 n. 4, Hirt Idg. 2, 596; diff. Meillet MSL 15, 340. Is it Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 1,758-759Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κακός
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56 κάλαμος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `reed', often metaph. of objects made of reed, `flute of reed, fishing rod, writing teed' etc. (h. Merc. 47 [cf. Zumbach Neuerungen 5], Pi., IA.); on the botanical meaning Strömberg Theophrastea 100f.Compounds: Several compp., esp. in the botan. terminology (Strömberg Theophrastea 112), z. B. μονο-κάλαμος `with single stalk' (Thphr.), καλαμη-φόρος `with reed' (X. HG 2, 1, 2; v. l. -o-; cf. Schwyzer 526), καλαμη-τόμος `cutting off stalks' (A. R.).Derivatives: καλάμη f. `stalk or straw' (Hom., Hdt., X., Arist.).- Diminut. καλαμίσκος (Ar., medic.), καλάμιον (pap.); καλαμίς f. name of several objects made of reed (hell.; cf. Chantraine Formation 342f.); καλαμία (- εία) `reed' (pap.; collective); καλαμών `id.' (lit. pap.); καλαμάριον `reed-case' (pap.). - καλαμεύς `fisher' (Pankrat. ap. Ath.; cf. Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 75); also καλαμευτής `id.' (AP; as if from *καλαμεύω, cf. Chantraine 318); καλαμίτης `with κάλαμος etc.' (D.; s. Redard Les noms grecs en - της 81f.). - καλάμινος `made of reed' (IA.), καλαμόεις `of reed' (E. in lyr.), καλαμώδης `full of reed, reed-like' (Arist., Thphr.), καλαμικός `id.' (pap.). - καλαμόω `provide with reed, bind (a bone) with reed' (Gal.) with καλαμωτή `fence of r.' (Eust.,H.); καλαμίζω `blow a reed-flute' (Ath.). - From καλάμη: καλαμαία f. kind of grasshopper (Theoc. 10, 18), καλαμαῖον n. kind of cicade (Paus. Gr., H.) cf. Gil Emerita 25, 315f.; cf. Georgacas Glotta 31, 216), καλαμάομαι `collect grain-stalks, gather ears (of corn) ' (Kratin., LXX, Plu.) with καλάμημα (Thd.).Etymology: Old word for `reed, straw' wit forms in Latin ( culmus), in Germanic, e. g. OHG halm, in Baltic and Slavic, e. g. OPr. salme `straw', Latv. salms, Russ. solóma, Serb. slȁma. All forms except κάλαμος, - μη can go back to IE. *ḱolh₂mo-, ḱolh₂mā-; therefore κάλαμος has been explained from *κόλαμος (cf. ποταμός, πλόκ-αμος), through assimilation; but note on - μος, - μη Porzig Satzinhalte 283f. But the form may have been * klh₂-em-. - From κάλαμος Lat. calamus (s. Ernout-Meillet) like Skt. kaláma- `writing reed', and Arab. qalam \> Osman. kalém \> NGr. καλέμι (Maidhof Glotta 10, 11). - More forms in W.-Hofmann s. culmus, calamus, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. solóma, Pok. 612.Page in Frisk: 1,760-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλαμος
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57 καναχή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `noise, sharp sound' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. -άDerivatives: καναχέω, aor. - ῆσαι (τ 469, Cratin., A. R.), lengthened καναχίζω (Μ 36, κ 399 [v. l.], Hes. Sc. 373) `ring, clash' (cf. Schwyzer 736, Porzig Satzinhalte 231); aor. δια-, ἐγ-, ἐκ-κανάξαι of gurging and gulping sounds (E. Kyk. 152 u. 157, Ar., Eup.), κανάξαι after Poll. 10, 85 = τὸ ἐκκενῶσαι η ἐκπιεῖν; κανάξας ἐγχέας H.; καναχηδά `with noise' (Hes. Th. 367 a. o.), - ηδόν `id.' (D. P., Aret.) and the ἅπ. λεγ. καναχής (A. Ch. 152 [lyr.], of δάκρυ), καναχός (Nic. Th. 620; of βάτραχοι), both first from καναχέω; καναχισμός ( Orac. Chald.) from καναχίζω.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive formation like στοναχή (: στενάχω; cf. Chantraine Formation 403) from a verb `sing, cling etc.' in Lat. canō = Celt., e. g. OIr. canim, from where names for `cock', Gr. ἠϊ-κανός (s. v.), Goth. hana = NHG Hahn etc. More forms Pok. 525f., W.-Hofmann s. canō. - Fur. 343 compares κόναβος and concludes that the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,776Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καναχή
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58 καχεταιρίη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bad company' (Thgn. 1169).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Page in Frisk: 1,804Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > καχεταιρίη
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59 κέρδος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `gain, profit, desire to gain, cunning, wiles' (Il.); in plur. also `good advice' (Hom.).Compounds: rarely as 1, member, e. g. κερδο-φόρος `bringing gain' (Artem.), as 2. member in αἰσχρο-κερδής `full lowly desire to gain, greedy' (IA).Derivatives: Diminutives κερδάριον, κερδύφιον (gloss.); κερδοσύνη `ruse' (Hom., Cleanth. Hymn. 1, 28; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss - συνη 27), κερδώ f. "the cunning", i. e. `the fox' (Ar., Babr.); Κέρδων, - ωνος PN (D., Argolis; from here Lat. cerdō `ordinary artisan'), also Κερδέων surn. of Hermes and Κερδείη Πειθώ (Herod. 7, 74); Κερδῳ̃ος `bringing gain' surn. of Apollon (Thessal., Lyc.; after Λητῳ̃ος), also of Hermes (Plu., Luc.), also from the fox (Babr.); κερδητικός `greedy' (gloss.). - Further κερδαλέος `greedy' (Il.) and κερδαίνω, aor. κερδῆναι, - δᾶναι, - δῆσαι `gain, have profit' (Pi., IA); hardly from an old \/ n-l\/-stem (Schwyzer 484). - Compar. forms κερδίων `more profitable' (Il.), κέρδιστος `the most cunnting' (Hom.), cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 84.Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [579], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin] * kerd- `gain, clever, cunning'Etymology: The only connections outside Greek are a few Celtic words: OIr. cerd (IE. * kerdā) `art, handwork', also `aerarius, figulus, poeta', Welsh cerdd `song'. - The doubtful H.-glosse κήρτεα τὰ κέρδη does hardly allow conclusions for the morphology (cf. Schwyzer 512 n. 3). See Bq, and W.-Hofmann s. cerdō; also E. Lewy FS Dornseiff 226f. Sophie Minon conects (RPh. LXXIV (2000) 271 κορδύς πανοῦργος H., which is of course not certain (s.v.). Or do κερδύφιον, κερδώ point to a Pre-Greek word?Page in Frisk: 1,829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κέρδος
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60 κερτομέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `taunt, insult, mock, ridicule' (almost only poetic, Il.).Other forms: aor. (rare) κερτομῆσαι.Derivatives: Also κέρτομος `insulting, slandering' (pöet. Hes. Op. 788) with κερτομίαι pl. `mockery, slander' (Hom.; diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 207f.); also with ιο-suffix κερτόμιος `id.' (Hom., S. in lyr.), κερτόμησις (S. Ph. 1236). From ἐπικερτομέω: ἐπικερτόμ-ημα (Demetr.), - ησις (Hdn.) and as back-formation ἐπικέρτομος (Q. S.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Expressive word of unknown origin. Acc. to Prellwitz Wb. s. v. univerbation of κείρειν and τέμνειν (cf. the formations in Schwyzer 645; s. also on λοιδορέω); similar, but in detail unclear, Radermacher Festschrift Kretschmer 149ff. Brugmann IF 15, 97f. assumes *κέρ-στομος `having a mocking mouth' (cf. ἐΰ-στομος) also from κείρειν (s. also Benveniste Origines 68 and on σκερβόλλω). Acc. to others (cf. W.-Hofmann s. carinō) the group of κάρνη was also involved in the formation of the 1. element. Diff. again Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 583. - Whether κέρτομος was the basis of κερτομέω seems doubtful; it was rather a backformation (cf. Risch 181). - Fur. 349 reminds of καρτομιστής χλευαστής H. (`mocker'). The variant vocalism shows Pre-Greek origin. The root has been connected with Lat. carināre, and the words cited under κάρνη. Schrijver, Larr. in Latin, 429 is no doubt right to connect the group σκερβόλλω, - βολέω, κερβόλλουσα `insult, mock, slander', which is again connected with ( σ)κέραφος, σχέραφος. All these words are clearly Pre-Greek (thus also Schrijver). The second elements are unknown; are they compounds? Fur. 349 n. 46 suggest σ comparison with Hitt. kartimmii̯a `be angry', kartimnu `get angry', though the meaning is not exactly the same. (Wrong therefore Perpillou RPh. LXXV (2001)145f.)Page in Frisk: 1,832-833Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κερτομέω
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