providence

θεῖος (A), α, ον: late [dialect] Ep. [full] θέειος Procl.H.2.16; [full] θεήϊος Bion Fr.15.9; late [dialect] Aeol. [full] θήϊος Epigr.Gr.989.4 ([place name] Balbilla); [dialect] Lacon. [full] σεῖος (v. infr. 1.3): [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. θειότερος, -ότατος, freq. in Pl., Phdr. 279a, Mx. 244d, al.: ([etym.] θεός):

1 of or from the gods, divine,

γένος Il.6.180

;

ὀμφή 2.41

; Ὄνειρος ib.22;

ἐπιπνοίαις A.Supp. 577

, cf. Pl.R. 499c;

μάστιξ A. Pr. 682

;

μανία S.Aj. 611

(lyr.); νόσος ib. 185 (lyr.) (but θ. νόσος, of a dust-storm, Id.Ant. 421);

κίνδυνοι And.1.139

; θ. τινὶ μοίρᾳ by divine intervention, X.HG7.5.10;

θ. τύχῃ γεγονώς Hdt.1.126

;

θ. τύχῃ χρεώμενος Id.3.139

; θ. κἀπόνῳ τύχῃ, of an easy death, S.OC 1585;

ἐκ θ. τύχης Id.Ph. 1326

;

ἔμαθε ὡς θ. εἴη τὸ πρῆγμα Hdt.6.69

;

ὁ θ. νόμος Th.3.82

; φύσις θ. SIG1125.8 ([place name] Eleusis), cf. 2 Ep.Pet.1.4; appointed of God,

βασιλῆες Od.4.691

; σκῆπτρον given by God, S.Ph. 139 (lyr.); v. infr. 2.

2 belonging or sacred to a god, holy, ἀγών, χορός, Il.7.298, Od. 8.264; under divine protection, πύργος, δόμος, Il.21.526, Od.4.43; of heralds and bards, Il.4.192, Od.4.17, al.; so perh., of kings, ib. 691.

3 morethan human, of heroes,

Ὀδυσσεύς Il.2.335

, al., Cratin. 144.4 (lyr.);

θ. ἀνήρ Pi.P.6.38

, A.Ag. 1548 (lyr.), Pl.R. 331e, Men. 99d (esp. at Sparta ([dialect] Lacon. σεῖος), Arist.EN 1145a29; ὦ θεῖε (in the mouth of a Spartan) Pl.Lg. 626c);

μετὰ σοῦ τῆς θείας κεφαλῆς Id.Phdr. 234d

, cf. Them.Or.9.128a, Lib.Or.19.66.

b of things, excellent,

θεῖον ποτόν Od.2.341

, 9.205;

ἁλὸς θείοιο Il.9.214

; θ. πρήγματα marvellous things, Hdt.2.66;

ἐν τοῖσι θειότατον Id.7.137

.

4 = Lat. divinus (or sacer), Imperial, διατάξεις prob. in BGU473.5 ( 200 A.D.), etc.;

θησαυροί PLips. 62ii14

(iv A.D.); θ. ὅρκος oath by the Emperor, POxy.83.6 (iv A.D.), etc.; θειότατος, of living Emperors, Inscr.Prien.105.22 (9 B.C.), etc.

b = Lat. divus, of deified Emperors, θ. Σεβαστός Edict.Claud. ap.J.AJ19.5.3, cf.Inscr.Perg. 283 (iii A.D.), Lyd.Mag.2.3.

II as Subst., θεῖον, τό, the Divinity, Hdt.1.32,3.108, al., A.Ch. 958 (lyr.);

τοῦ θ. χάριν Th.5.70

; ἡμαρτηκότα εἰς τὸ θ. Pl.Phdr. 242c.

2 in an abstract sense, divinity, κεκοινώνηκε.. τοῦ θ. ib. 246d; ἢ μόνον μετέχει τοῦ θ..., ἢ μάλιστα [ἄνθρωπος] Arist.PA 656a8, etc.; κατὰ θεῖον or κατά τι θ., Aen.Gaz.Thphr.p.37 B., p.4 B.

3 θεῖα, τά, the acts of the gods, course of providence, S.Ph. 452, etc.;

τὰ θ. θνητοὺς ὄντας εὐπετῶς φέρειν S.Fr. 585

;

τὰ θ. μὴ φαύλως φέρειν Ar.Av. 961

.

b matters of religion, ἔρρει τὰ θ. religion is no more, S.OT 910 (lyr.), cf. OC 1537, X.Cyr.8.8.2, etc.

c inquiries concerning the divine, Pl.Sph. 232c; τὰ φανερὰ τῶν θείων, i.e. the heavenly bodies, Arist.Metaph. 1026a18, cf. GA 731b24, Ph. 196a33 ([comp] Sup.), EN 1141b1.

III Adv. θείως by divine providence,

θ. πως X.Cyr.4.2.1

, etc.; θειοτέρως by special providence, Hdt.1.122; μᾶλλόν τι καὶ -ότερον ib. 174.

2 divinely, excellently, εὖ γε καὶ θ. Pl.Tht. 154d;

θείως εἰρῆσθαι Arist.Metaph. 1074b9

.

------------------------------------

θεῖος (B), ὁ,

A one's father's or mother's brother, uncle, E.IT 930, Ar. Nu. 124, And.1.18, 117, Pl.Chrm. 154b, Men.5 D., etc.; ὁ πρὸς μητρὸς θ. Is.5.10;

πρὸς πατρός Ph.2.172

. (Cf. τήθη.)

πρόνοια, [dialect] Ion. [suff] προνο-οίη, ἡ, ([etym.] πρόνοος)

A perceiving beforehand, foresight, foreknowledge,

τοὖπος τὸ θεοπρόπον τᾶς παλαιφάτου π. S.Tr. 823

(lyr.);

προνοίαισι τοῦ πεπρωμένου A.Ag. 684

(lyr.).

2 = πρόγνωσις 11.b, Hp. ap.Gal.18 (2).8.

II foresight, forethought,

ἐπῄνεσ'.. πρόνοιαν ἣν ἔθου S.Aj. 536

;

π. δ' ἐστὶν οὐδενὸς σαφής Id.OT 978

; προνοίας οὕνεκα so far as foresight, caution is required, Id.Ph. 774, cf.El. 1015;

ἐκ προνοίης

with forethought, purposely,

Hdt.1.120

, 159, etc.; opp. κατὰ τύχην, Id.8.87, cf. Antipho 5.21, Lys.26.19, Pl.Phdr. 241e; ἀπὸ προνοίας τινῶν by their precautions, Th.8.95;

τὴν π. τὴν ές ἡμέας ἔχουσαν Hdt. 8.144

; προνοίᾳ τῶν συγγενῶν, φίλων, τῆς πόλεως, by care for.., And.1.56; esp. of crimes committed with design or malice prepense, ἐκ προνοίας τραῦμα, ἐκ π. φόνοι, Aeschin.3.212, Din.1.6, etc.;

ἐκ π. ἀποθνῄσκειν Antipho 1.22

, cf. Lys.3.28; τὰ ἐκ π., opp. ἀκούσια, Arist.Pol. 1300b26; so οὐδεμία π. ἐστι τραύματος no intention of wounding, Lys.3.41; πρόνοιαν ἔχειν (or ἴσχειν) τινός to take thought for.., show care for.., E.Alc. 1061, Th.2.89, etc.;

περί τινος S.Ant. 283

;

ὑπέρ τινος Isoc.16.9

;

ἡ τοῦ χόρτου π. PFlor.131.7

(iii A. D.), cf. 148.2 (iii A. D.): c. inf., πολλὴν π. εἶχεν εὐσχήμως (fort. εὐσχήμων)

πεσεῖν E. Hec. 569

; πολλὴν π. ἔχειν μέλλοντας.. to be ware of doing a thing, Antipho 5.91;

π. ποιεῖσθαί τινος D.21.97

, etc.: pl., X.Oec.7.38.

2 providence,

τοῦ θείου ἡ π. Hdt.3.108

;

τοῦ θεοῦ S.OC 1180

;

θεία π. E.Ph. 637

(troch.);

πρόνοιαι θεῶν Pl.Ti. 44c

: abs., divine providence,

προνοίας ἔργῳ X.Mem.1.4.6

, etc., cf.Zeno Stoic.1.44, Cleanth.ib.121, Chrysipp. ib.2.168, al. ( περὶ προνοίας as title of one of his works, ib.3.203).

3 Pythag. name for five, Theol.Ar.31.

4 office of προνοητής, POxy.472.10 (ii A. D.).

III Πρόνοια Ἀθηνᾶ Athena as goddess of Forethought, under which name she was worshipped at Delphi, D.25.34, D.S.11.14, Parth.25, Paus.10.8.6, Plu.2.825b, Jul.Or.4.149b, etc.; at Delos acc. to Macr.Sat.1.17.55, cf. Aristid.1.97 J., Or.37(2).26; also

Ἰουλία θεὰ Σεβαστὴ Π. IG3.461

: this name of Athena, which is guaranteed by the context in D., Aristid., Jul., Macr. Il. cc., seems to have been a distortion of the name Προναία or Προνᾴα (v.

πρόναος 1

), but πρόνοια is f.l. for Προναία (or Προνᾴα ) in Aeschin. (v.

πρόναος 1

), and D.S., Parth., Paus., Plu. Il. cc. shd. perh. be corrected.

ἀπρονό-ητος, ον,

A unpremeditated,

ἀκρασία Arist.MM 1203a30

; χώρα ἀ. an unguarded country, Plb.4.5.5;

τόποι ἀ.

unreconnoitred,

Id.3.48.4

; not the work of providence,

κόσμος Ph.2.411

, cf. Hierocl. in CA11p.442M.

II [voice] Act., not considering beforehand,

ἡ ὀργὴ -τον X.HG 5.3.7

;

ἀ. καὶ ἀπαράσκευοι Plb.5.7.2

, cf. Orph.Fr. 233;

ἀ. τῶν ἐσομένων J.Vit.13

;

τῶν ἐπὶ γῆς πραγμάτων Luc.

Bis Acc.2, etc.; of the gods, not exercising providence, Epicur.Fr. 368. Adv.

- τως X.Cyr.1.4.21

, etc.;

ἀ. τινὸς ἔχειν Str.2.5.1

; opp. προνοίᾳ, S.E.P.1.151;

οἱ ἀ. θεώμενοι

without previous acquaintance,

Plb.10.14.8

.

συμπρομηθέομαι

have providence over together with: pres part mp masc nom sg (attic epic doric)

⁺ V 0-0-0-0-2=2 3 Mc 6,2; Wis 14,3

to steer through, to govern 3 Mc 6,2

ἡ σὴ διακυβερνᾷ πρόνοια your providence governs Wis 14,3

-ας ⁺ ἡ N 1 0-0-0-1-8=9 Dn^LXX 6,19; 2 Mc 4,6; 3 Mc 4,21; 5,30; 4 Mc 9,24

attention (of pers.) 2 Mc 4,6; providence (of God) 3 Mc 4,21

ὁ θεὸς... πρόνοιαν ποιούμενος God taking care of, paying attention to Dn^LXX 6,19 Cf. HORSLEY 1983, 143-144; LARCHER 1985, 791-792; →NIDNTT; TWNT

διατρίβω [ρῑ], [tense] pf.

A

- τέτρῐφα Plb.4.57.3

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 2 διετρίβην [ῐ] (v. infr.):—rub hard,

χερσὶ διατρίψας Il.11.847

: more freq., wear away, consume,

πάντα διατρίβουσιν Ἁχαιοί Od.2.265

;

χρήματα Thgn. 921

;

τὰ τῶν Πελοποννησίων Th.8.87

; εἰς αἰτίας ἀλόγους δ. τὸ θεῖον to fritter away Providence into unreasoning causes, Plu.Nic.23:— [voice] Pass., κάκιστα διατριβῆναι perish utterly, Hdt.7.120 (v.l. ἐκ-), cf. Th. 8.78.

II spend, of Time,

θερείην Hdt.1.189

; freq.

χρόνον δ. Lys. 3.11

;

παρά τινι Hdt.1.24

, etc.;

δ. τινὰς ἡμέρας X.HG6.5.49

;

ἓξ ἔτη Isoc.4.141

(later c. gen.,

ἐτῶν οὐκ ὀλίγων ἐν Ῥώμῃ δ. Hdn.3.10.2

):— [voice] Pass.,

ἐνιαυτὸς διετρίβη Th.1.125

.

2 abs. (without χρόνον), waste time, οὐ μὴ διατρίψεις..; make no more delay, Ar.Ra. 462; δ. ἐν γυμνασίοις pass all one's time there, Id.Nu. 1002;

ἐν ἄστει Antipho 1.14

;

ἐν ἀγρῷ Philem.71.6

; αὐτοῦ, ἔνδον, Pl.Prt. 311a;

δ. μετ' ἀλλήλων

go on talking,

Id.Phd. 59d

, etc.: hence, busy, employ oneself,

ἐν ζητήσει Id.Ap. 29c

;

ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Id.Tht. 173c

;

ἐπί τινι Id.Euthd. 305a

, Isoc.3.19, D.2.16;

ἀμφί τι X.Eq.2.1

;

περί τι Pl.Phd. 90c

, Isoc.1.4;

πρὸς ἱππικῇ Pl.Prm. 126c

;

πρὸς τοῖς ἔργοις Arist.Pol. 1309a8

; πρὸς φιλοσοφίᾳ (prob. l. for - ίαν) Pl.R. 540b: c. part.,

δ. μελετῶσαι X.Cyr.1.2.12

.

b abs., lose time, delay, Il.19.150, Hp.VC19, Ar.Eq. 515, etc.;

λέγε καὶ μὴ διάτ ριβε Pl.R. 472b

; διατέτρῐφα I have let the time slip by.., Id.Tht. 143a: c. part., καθ' ἕκαστα λέγων δ. to waste time in speaking, Isoc.3.35, cf. D.1.9.

3 reside, PHal.1.182 (iii B.C.), PStrassb. 22.6 (ii A.D.), etc.

III put off by delay, thwart, hinder,

μή τι διατρίβειν ἐμὸν χόλον Il.4.42

;

οὔ τι διατρίβω μητρὸς γάμον Od.20.341

;

τἄριστον Ar.Fr. 503

: c. dupl. acc. pers. et rei, ὄφρα κεν ἥ γε διατρίβῃσιν Ἀχαιοὺς ὃν γάμον put them off in the matter of her wedding, Od. 2.204: c. gen. rei, μὴ δηθὰ διατ ρίβωμεν ὁδοῖο let us not lose time on the way, ib. 404:—[voice] Med.,

μή τι διατριβώμεθα πείρης A.R.2.883

.

κρείσσων, ον, gen. ονος, as always in [dialect] Ep. and old [dialect] Att.; later [dialect] Att. [full] κρείττων; [dialect] Ion. [full] κρέσσων Hp.Fract.3, al., v.l. in Dionys.Trag. (v. infr. 11); [dialect] Dor. [full] κάρρων (q.v.); Cret. [full] κάρτων Leg.Gort.1.15:—[comp] Comp. of κρατύς (v. κράτιστος),

A stronger, mightier,

κ. βασιλεύς, ὅτε χώσεται ἀνδρὶ χέρηϊ Il.1.80

; esp. in battle,

κρείσσοσιν ἶφι μάχεσθαι 21.486

;

Διὸς κ. νόος ἠέ περ ἀνδρῶν 16.688

;

κεραυνοῦ κρέσσον.. βέλος Pi.I.8(7).36

, cf. Hdt.7.172, Hp.l.c., etc.;

κρείσσων χεῖρας Antipho 4.4.7

;

τὸ τοῦ κ. συμφέρον Pl.R. 338c

, cf. Democr.267: hence, having the upper hand, superior,

ὁππότερος δέ κε νικήσῃ κ. τε γένηται Il.3.71

;

κ. ἀρετῇ τε βίῃ τε 23.578

: as Law-term, of witnesses,

κάρτονανς ἦμεν

prevail,

Leg.Gort.

l.c.

2 freq. as [comp] Comp. of ἀγαθός, better, κρέσσονες one's betters, esp. in point of rank, Pi.O.10(11).39, N.10.72 (but also, the stronger, more powerful, E.Or. 710, Th.1.8, etc.);

ἐς τοὺς τοκέας καὶ ἐς τοὺς κρέσσονας τεθυμῶσθαι Hdt.3.52

, cf. SIG685.134 (Magn. Mae., ii B. C.); οἱ κ. corps of guards at Thebes, Plu.2.598e; κρείσσονες θεοί, of the greater gods, as opp. to Oceanus, A.Pr. 902 (lyr.);

ὁ κ. Ζεύς Id.Ag.60

(anap.); οἱ κ. the Higher Powers, Id.Fr.10, Pl.Sph. 216b, Euthd. 291a, etc.; τὰ κρείσσω, = τὰ θεῖα, E. Ion 973; τὸ κ. the Almighty, Providence, Corp.Herm.18.11, Jul.Ep. 204, Agath.1.16, Procop.Gaz. Pan.p.492; τὰ κρείσσονα one's advantages,

τὰ ὑπάρχοντα ἡμῖν κρείσσω καταπροδοῦναι Th.4.10

.

3 c. inf., οὔ τις ἐμεῖο κρείσσων.. δόμεναι no one has a better right to.., Od.21.345;

οὐκ ἄλλος κ. παραμυθεῖσθαι Pl. Plt. 268b

; κρεῖσσόν ἐστι c. inf., 'tis better to..,

κ. γάρ ἐστιν εἰσάπαξ θανεῖν ἢ.. πάσχειν κακῶς A.Pr. 750

, cf. 624, Hdt.3.52, etc.;

τὸ μὴ εἶναι κ. ἢ τὸ ζῆν κακῶς S.Fr. 488

, cf. Apollod.Com.6; also κρείσσων εἰμί c. part., κ. γὰρ ἦσθα μηκέτ' ὢν ἢ ζῶν τυφλός thou wert better not alive, than living blind, S.OT 1368, cf. Aj. 635 (lyr.);

κ. ἦν ὁ ἀγὼν μὴ γεγενημένος Aeschin.1.192

, cf. D.H.6.9.

II c. gen. or ἤ, too great for, surpassing, beyond,

ὕψος κ. ἐκπηδήματος A.Ag. 1376

; of evil deeds, κρείσσον' ἀγχόνης too bad for hanging, S.OT 1374; κρεῖσσον δεργμάτων too bad to look on, E.Hipp. 1217;

θαυμάτων Id.Ba. 667

; λέγετι σιγῆς κρεῖσσον (

κρέσσον PSI9.1093

)

ἢ σιγὴν ἔχε Dionys.Trag. 6

;

κρείσσον' ἢ λέξαι λόγῳ τολμήματα E.Supp. 844

; κ. ἢ λόγοισιν (sc. εἰπεῖν) Id.IT 837;

ἀναρχία κ. πυρός Id.Hec. 608

; πρᾶγμα ἐλπίδος κ. γεγενημένον worse than one expected, Th.2.64;

κ. λόγου τὸ κάλλος X.Mem.3.11.1

;

κ. τῆς ἡμετέρας δυνάμεως Id.Cyr.7.5.9

.

III having control over, master of, esp. of desires and passions,

τῶν ἡδονῶν Democr.214

;

τοῦ ἔρωτος X.Cyr.6.1.34

; γαστρὸς καὶ κερδέων ib.4.2.45; αὑτῶν over themselves, Pl.Phdr. 232a, al.; κ. χρημάτων superior to the influence of money, Th.2.60, Isoc.1.19;

τῶν συμμάχων κ. X. Ath.2.1

; also, putting oneself above,

κ. τοῦ δικαίου Th.3.84

; κρείσσους ὄντες.. τῷ λογισμῷ ἐς τὸ ἀνέλπιστον τοῦ βεβαίου having reasoned themselves into an absolute belief of the hopelessness of certainty, ib.83; φαύλους καὶ κρείττους τῆς παιδείας, = οὓς παιδευθῆναι ἀδύνατον (just below), Arist.Pol. 1316a9.

IV better, more excellent,

ἁρμονίη ἀφανὴς φανερῆς κ. Heraclit.54

;

κ. ἐπ' ἀρετήν Democr.181

; ὁ κρείττων λόγος (opp. ὁ ἥσσων) Ar.Nu. 113; κατὰ τὸ κ. in a higher sense, opp. κατὰ τὸ χεῖρον, Dam.Pr.7.

V Adv.

κρεισσόνως Antipho 4.4.6

, Iamb.Myst.7.4; also

κρεῖσσον S.OT 176

(lyr.), OGI90.31 (Rosetta, ii B. C.). ( κρέσσων from κρέτ-ψων, cf. κρέτος; κάρτων and κάρρων from κάρτ-ψων, cf. κάρτος; κρείσσων (like μείζων) prob. took ει from ὀλείζων.)

μοῖρα, ας ([dialect] Ion. μοῖρα, acc. μοῖραν, gen. ης), ([etym.] μείρομαι)

A part, opp. whole, τριτάτη μ. [νυκτός] Il.10.253; [

ἐσθλῶν] τριτάτην.. μ. Od.4.97

;

μενέτω τριτάτῃ ἐνὶ μ. Il.15.195

.

2 portion of land, of a country, etc.,

χώρης ὀλίγην ἔτι μοῖραν ἔχοντες 16.68

;

μ. πατρῴας γῆς διαιρετόν S.Tr. 163

;

ἡ Περσέων μ. Hdt.1.75

; [ἐς] δυώδεκα μοίρας δασάμενοι

Αἴγυπτον Id.2.147

;

Πελοποννήσουτῶν πέντε τὰς δύο μοίρας Th.1.10

.

3 division of a people, Hdt.1.146; of an army, Hdn.6.6.3; in codd. of X., freq.f.l. for μόρα.

4 political party,

τὸν δῆμον πρὸς τὴν ἑωυτοῦ μ. προσεθήκατο Hdt.5.69

;

τριῶν δὲ μ. ἡ 'ν μέσῳ σῴζει πόλεις E.Supp. 244

.

5 degree, in the astron. and geog. sense, Hipparch.1.7.11, Gem.1.6, Cleom.2.5, etc.: division of the zodiac, Arat.716, cf. 560 (pl.), Procl.Hyp.3.52.

II lot, portion or share which falls to one, esp. in the distribution of booty,

ἴση μ. Il.9.318

;

μ. καὶ γέρας ἐσθλὸν ἔχων Od.11.534

; of a meal,

μοίρας ἔνεμον 8.470

, cf. 14.448, etc.;

μ. ἔχειν γαίης Hes.Th. 413

;

σπλάγχνων μ. Ar. Pax 1105

(hex.); τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς μοῖραν λαγχάνειν one's inheritance, patrimony, Lexap.D.43.51, cf. AP11.382.22 (Agath.).

2 generally, part, lot, οὐδ' αἰδοῦς μ. ἔχουσιν have no part in shame, Od.20.171;

εὐθυμίης μείζω μ. μεθέξει Democr.258

, cf. 263;

ἐν παντὶ παντὸς μ. ἔνεστι Anaxag.11

, cf. 6;

μ. ἔχειν ἀχέων A.Th. 945

(lyr.);

μ. Ἀφροδίτας Id.Supp. 1041

(lyr.); ἔχουσι μ. οὐκ εὐπέμπελον an office, Id.Eu. 476; τέσσαρας μ. ἔχον ἐμοί filling the place of four relations to me, Id.Ch. 238;

μ. ἡδονῆς πορεῖν Id.Pr. 631

; κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν ἑκάστου μ., pro virili parte, Lycurg.64;

οὐκ ἐλαχίστην συμβάλλεσθαι μ. πρός τι Plu.2.9f

, cf. Arist.Ath.19.

III one's portion in life, lot, destiny,

ἐπὶ γάρ τοι ἑκάστῳ μοῖραν ἔθηκαν ἀθάνατοι Od.19.592

, etc.;

μ. βροτῶν A.Eu. 105

; mostly of ill fortune, but also of good, e. g. opp. ἀμμορίη, Od.20.76;

ἡ πεπρωμένη μ. Hdt.1.91

;

ἐξιστορῆσαι μ. A.Th. 506

, cf. Ag. 1314, etc.; μ. (sc. ἐστι) c. inf., 'tis one's fate,

οὐ γάρ τοι πρὶν μ. φίλους ἰδέειν Od.4.475

;

οὐ γάρ πώ τοι μ. θανεῖν Il.7.52

, cf. 15.117: c. acc. et inf.,

εἰ μ... δαμῆναι πάντας ὁμῶς 17.421

, cf. 16.434;

ἔσχε μοῖρ' Ἀχιλλέα θανεῖν S.Ph. 331

;

ὡς αὐτὸν ἥξοι μ. πρὸς παιδὸς θανεῖν Id.OT 713

; εἴ μοι ξυνείη φέροντι μοῖρα ib. 863 (lyr.); μ. βιότοιο one's portion or measure of life, Il.4.170 (as v. l. for πότμον) ; ὑπὲρ μοῖραν (v. μόρος) Il.20.336; ἀγαθᾷ μοίρᾳ by good luck, E. Ion 153 (lyr.); θείᾳ μοίρᾳ by divine providence, X.Mem.2.3.18;

κατά τινα θείαν μ. Arist.EN 1099b10

, cf. Pl. Men. 99e, Ap. 33c; opp.

παρὰ μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp.14.10

.

2 like μόρος, man's appointed doom, i.e. death, Il.6.488, Od.11.560; in full,

θάνατος καὶ μ. Il.17.672

, etc.;

μ. ὀλοή.. θανάτοιο Od.2.100

;

θανάτου μ. A.Pers. 917

, Ag. 1462 (both anap.); πρὸ μοίρας before the appointed time, S.Fr. 686, Isoc.11.8;

ἐξέπλησε μ. τὴν ἑωυτοῦ Hdt.4.164

,3.142, cf. 1.91; τῇ σεωυτοῦ μ. περίεις ib. 121; also, the cause of death, Od. 21.24.

IV that which is meet and right, in Hom. mostly in phrase κατὰ μοῖραν in order, rightly, Il.16.367;

κατὰ μ. ἔειπες 1.286

, al.;

ἐν μοίρῃ πάντα διίκεο 19.186

, cf. Od.22.54, Pl.Lg. 775c, 958d; opp.

παρὰ μοῖραν Od.14.509

; ἔχει μ. it is meet and right, E.Hipp. 988.

2 respect, esteem,

οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μ. νείμαιμ' ἤ σοι A.Pr. 294

(anap.), cf. S.Tr. 1239; ἐν οὐδεμιῇ μοίρῃ μεγάλῃ ἄγειν τινά hold one in no great respect, Hdt.2.172;

ἐν μείζονι μ. εἶναι Pl.Cri. 51b

;

ἀτιμοτάτῃ ἐνὶ μ. Theoc.14.49

;

μεγάλην μ. καὶ τιμὴν ἔχει Pl.Cra. 398b

;

κατατιθέναι τι ἐν μοίραις ἐλάττοσι Id.Lg. 923b

;

τοὺς θεοὺς μοίραις ποεῖσθε μηδαμῶς S. OC 278

is prob. corrupt.

V c. gen. almost periphr., ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοίρᾳ ἐκεῖνό ἐστι is a good, of the order of the good, Pl.Phlb. 54c; ἄγειν ἢ φέρειν ἐν πολεμίου μ. as if an enemy, D.23.61; νόστοιο μ. for νόστος, Pi.P.4.196; ὡς ἐν παιδιᾶς μοίρᾳ playfully, Pl.Lg. 656b;

ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου μ. Plu.2.6e

;

ὥσπερ ἐν προσθήκης μ. Luc.Zeux.2

; μέτοχος εἶναι τῆς τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοίρας, i. e. τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, Pl.Phlb. 60b;

ἡ φιλοσόφου μ. Id.Ep. 329b

;

ἡ τελειότης τἀγαθοῦ μ. τίς ἐστιν Procl.Inst.25

; θείας μ. μετέχειν, i. e. τοῦ θείου, Pl.Prt. 322a, cf. Phdr. 230a; τὸ ἐμπλήκτως ὀξὺ ἀνδρὸς μοίρᾳ προσετέθη was accounted manly, Th.3.82.

B [full] Μοῖρα, as pr. n., the goddess of fate, Hom. always (exc. Il. 24.49) in sg., Il.24.209, al., cf. Orph.Fr.33, etc.: three first in Hes. Th. 905, etc.; as the goddess of death, Il.4.517, 18.119: generally of evil, 5.613; ἐγὼ δ' οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ M.

καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς 19.87

: with epithets, M. κραταιή, ὀλοή, 5.629, 21.83;

κακή 13.602

;

δυσώνυμος 12.116

:—Trag. use sts. sg., A.Ag. 130, Ch. 910, etc.: sts. pl., Id.Pr. 516, 895, Ch. 306, etc.; of the Furies, Id.Eu. 172: later as objects of worship, SIG1044.8 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.).—In the phrases

θεοῦ μ. Od.11.292

,

μ. θεῶν 3.269

, μοῖρα is Appellat., = destiny.

πεσσ-ευτής, [dialect] Att. [pref] πεττ-, οῦ, ὁ, ([etym.] πεσσεύω)

A draught-player, Pl.Plt. 292e ; applied to Divine Providence, Id.Lg. 903d.

προνο-ητικός, ή, όν,

A provident, cautious, wary, X.Mem.1.3.9, Men.Epit. 344;

τὸ πόρρωθεν π. M.Ant.1.16

: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερος Procop.Arc.19

. Adv.

- κῶς X.Mem.1.4.6

, Aen.Tact.18.11, Ph.1.500, Sor.1.14;

π. ἔχειν Aristid.1.377

J.;

π. ἔχειν τινός J.AJ11.5.8

: [comp] Sup.

- ώτατα

most wisely,

A.D.Pron.104.13

.

2 taking thought or care for, esp. of divine providence,

θεὸς π. κόσμου D.L.7.147

, cf. Str.10.3.23, Ph.2.242;

φύσις π. τοῦ ζῴου Gal.11.158

: abs.,

ἔχειν π. δύναμιν περὶ τὸν αὑτῶν βίον Arist.EN 1141a28

, cf. Ph.2.546, Plu.2.1052b, Procl.Inst. 120: [comp] Comp.

- ώτερος Chio Ep.15.2

.

II of things, showing forethought or design, X.Mem.4.3.6.

συμπρομηθέομαι,

A have providence over together with, Jul.Or.5.167b.

τύχη [pron. full] [ῠ], ἡ, [dialect] Boeot. [full] τιούχα IG7.2809.1 (Hyettus, iii B. C.), [full] τούχα ib.3083 (Lebad., iii B. C.): (

A

τεύχω, τυγχάνω A. 1.2

):—the act of a god,

τύχᾳ δαίμονος Pi.O.8.67

;

ἄπαιδές ἐσμεν δαίμονός τινος τύχῃ E.Med. 671

;

τύχᾳ θεῶν Pi.P.8.53

; σὺν θεοῦ τύχᾳ, σὺν Χαρίτων τύχᾳ, Id.N.6.24, 4.7;

θείῃ τύχῃ Hdt.1.126

, 3.139, 4.8, 5.92.

γ; ἐὰν θεία τις συμβῇ τ. Pl.R. 592a

;

θείᾳ τινὶ τύχῃ Id.Ep. 327e

;

ἐκ θείας τύχης S.Ph. 1326

;

δαιμονίως ἔκ τινος τ. Pl.Ti. 25e

;

πῶς οὖν μάχωμα θνητὸς ὢν θείᾳ τύχῃ; S.Fr. 196

; ἆρα θείᾳ κἀπόνῳ τάλας τύχῃ [ὄλωλε]; Id.OC 1585;

ἐμὲ.. δαιμονία τις τύχη κατέχει Pl.Hp.Ma. 304c

:

ἄσημα δ' ου'κέτ' ε'στὶν οἷ φθίνει τύχα Κύπριδος E.Hipp. 371

(lyr.);

ἐξεπλήσσου τῇ τ. τῇ τῶν θεῶν Id.IA 351

(troch.);

δαίμονος τύχα βαρεῖα Id.Rh. 728

(lyr.);

τὰς.. δαιμόνων τ. ὅστις φέρει κάλλιστα Id.Fr.37

.

b the act of a human being, πέμψον τιν' ὅστις σημανεῖ—ποίας τύχας; will order—what action? Id.IT 1209 (troch.).

2 esp. ἀναγκαία τύχη, as a paraphrase for Ἀνάγκη, Necessity, Fate,

τέθνηκ' Ὀρέστης ἐξ ἀναγκαίας τύχης S.El. 48

;

τῆς ἀ. τ. οὐκ ἔστιν οὐδὲν μεῖζον ἀνθρώποις κακόν Id.Aj. 485

; πρόστητ' ἀ. τ. ib. 803;

εἴ τις ἀ. τ. γίγνοιτο Pl.Lg. 806a

: also pl.,

ἀλλ' ἥκομεν γὰρ εἰς ἀναγκαίας τύχας θυγατρὸς αἱματηρὸν ἐκπρᾶξαι φόνον E. IA 511

.

II regarded as an agent or cause beyond human control:

1 fortune, providence, fate,

πάντα τύχη καὶ μοῖρα, Περίκλεες, ἀνδρὶ δίδωσι Archil.16

;

ἡμῖν ἐκ πάντων τοῦτ' ἀπένειμε τύχη Simon.100

;

πύργοις δ' ἀπειλεῖ δείν', ἃ μὴ κραίνοι τύχη A.Th. 426

;

ἐπ' εὐμενεῖ τύχᾳ Pi.O.14.15

;

μετὰ τύχης ευ'μενοῦς Pl.Lg. 813a

;

κατελθὼν δεῦρο πρευμενεῖ τύχῃ A.Ag. 1647

;

ὁρμώμενον βροτοῖσιν εὐπόμπῳ τύχῃ Id.Eu.93

: personified,

Σώτειρα Τύχα Pi.O.12.2

;

Τ. Σωτήρ A. Ag. 664

, cf. S.OT80; ἐμαυτὸν παῖδα τῆς Τ. νέμων τῆς εὖ διδούσης ib. 1080; <

Τύχα>.. Προμαθείας θυγάτηρ Alcm.62

, cf. Pi.Fr.41, D.Chr. 63.7;

πάντων τύραννος ἡ Τύχη 'στὶ τῶν θεῶν Trag.Adesp.506

, cf. 505;

Τύχα, μερόπων ἀρχά τε καὶ τέρμα.. προφερεστάτα θεῶν Lyr.Adesp.139

.

2 chance, regarded as an impersonal cause,

τύχη φορὰ ἐξ ἀδήλου εἰς ἄδηλον, καὶ ἡ ἐκ τοῦ αὐτομάτου αἰτία δαιμονίας πράξεως Pl.Def. 411b

; coupled with τὸ αὐτόματον, Arist.Ph. 195b31, al.; defined as

αἰτία ἄδηλος ἀνθρωπίνῳ λογισμῷ Stoic.2.281

;

πειρῶ τύχης ἄνοιαν ἀνδρείως φέρειν Men.812

;

τὰ τῆς τύχης φέρειν δεῖ γνησίως τὸν εὐγενῆ Antiph.281

, cf. Apollod.Com.17, Alex.252, Men. 205;

οὐκ ἔχουσιν αἱ τ. φρένας Alex.287

;

τῆς ἀναγκαίας μέν, ἀγνώμονος δὲ τ. οὐχ ὡς δίκαιον ἦν, ἀλλ' ὡς ἐβούλετο, κρινάσης τὸν ἀγῶνα D.Ep.2.5

; personified and said to be blind, Men.417b, Kon.14, Plu. 2.98a;

τί δ' ἂν φοβοῖτ' ἄνθρωπος, ᾧ τὰ τῆς τ. κρατεῖ, πρόνοια δ' ἐστὶν οὐδενὸς σαφής; S.OT 977

; ἂν μὲν ἡ τ. συνεπιλαμβάνηται.., ἂν δ' ἀντιπίπτῃ τὰ τῆς τ., Plb.2.49.7,8;

ἡ Τ. σχεδὸν ἅπαντα τὰ τῆς οἰκουμένης πράγματα πρὸς ἓν ἔκλινε μέρος Id.1.4.1

, cf. 1.63.9, 2.38.5, 36.17.1;

τῆς Τ. ὥσπερ ἐπίτηδες ἀναβιβαζούσης ἐπὶ σκηνὴν τὴν τῶν Ῥοδίων ἄγνοιαν Id.29.19.2

, cf. 23.10.16, Dem.Phal.39J.; οὐκ ἂν ἐν τύχῃ γίγνεσθαι σφίσι would not depend on chance, Th.4.73;

ὁ πόλεμος φιλεῖ ἐς τύχας περιίστασθαι Id.1.78

, cf. 69; τύχῃ by chance, S.Ant. 1182, Ph. 546, Th.1.144, etc.; opp. φύσει, Pl.Prt. 323d; ἀπὸ τύχης, opp. ἀπὸ παρασκευῆς, Lys.21.10; opp. ἀπὸ φύσεως, Arist. Metaph. 1032a29;

ἀπὸ τ. ἀπροσδοκήτου Pl.Lg. 920d

;

ἐκ τύχης Id.Phdr. 265c

, R. 499b, etc.;

διὰ τύχην Isoc.4.132

, 9.45;

δίκαιος οὐδεὶς ἀπὸ τύχης οὐδὲ διὰ τὴν τ. Arist.Pol. 1323b29

;

κατὰ τύχην Th.3.49

, X.HG3.4.13;

τῆς τ. εὖ μετεστεώσης Hdt.1.118

;

τὸ τῆς τ. ἀφανές E.Alc. 785

, cf. D.4.45.

III regarded as a result:

1 good fortune, success,

δὸς ἄμμι τ. εὐδαιμονίην τε h.Hom.11.5

;

μοῦνον ἀνδρὶ γένοιτο τ. Thgn.130

;

τ. μόνον προσείη Ar.Av. 1315

(lyr.);

εἴ οἱ τ. ἐπίσποιτο Hdt.7.10

.δ, cf. 1.32; σὲ γὰρ θεοὶ ἐπορῶσι· οὐ γὰρ ἄν.. ἐς τοσοῦτο τύχης ἀπίκευ ib. 124;

ἐπειδήπερ ἐν τούτῳ τύχης εἰσί Th.7.33

;

σὺν τύχᾳ Pi.N.5.48

, cf. S.Ph. 775; σὺν τ. τινί A Ch.138, cf. Th.472;

τύχᾳ Pi.N.10.25

, E.El. 594 (lyr.); οὐ πεποιθότες τύχῃ not believing in our good fortune, A.Ag. 668; γλῶσσαν ἐν τύχᾳ νέμων ib. 685 (lyr.); σοφῶν γὰρ ἀνδρῶν ταῦτα, μὴ 'κβάντας τύχης, καιρὸν λαβόντας, ἡδονὰς ἄλλας λαβεῖν without stepping out of success already attained, E.IT 907;

τὰς γὰρ παρούσας οὐχὶ σῴζοντες τ. ὤλοντ' ἐρῶντες μειζόνων ἀβουλίᾳ Id.Fr. 1077

: c. gen. rei,

Ζεῦ τέλει', αἰδῶ δίδοι καὶ τύχαν τερπνῶν γλυκεῖαν Pi.O.13.115

.

2 ill fortune,

τὰς ἐκ θεῶν τύχας δοθείσας.. φέρειν S.Ph. 1317

; κατὰ τύχας in misfortune, opp.κατὰ.. εὐπραγίας, Pl.Lg. 732c;

τοιαύτῃσι περιέπιπτον τύχῃσι Hdt. 6.16

; τύχῃ by ill-luck, opp. ἀδικίᾳ, Antipho 6.1; opp. προνοίᾳ, Id.5.6; ἔστιν ἡ τ. τοῦ ἄρξαντος the ill-luck is his who began the fray, Id.4.4.8; of death, ἢν χρήσωνται τύχῃ, i. e. if they are killed, E.Heracl. 714, cf. And.1.120, X.Cyn.5.29;

δεχομένοις λέγεις θανεῖν σε, τὴν τ. δ' αἱρούμεθα A.Ag. 1653

;

τ. ἑλεῖν Id.Supp. 380

, cf. Pr. 106, 274, 290 (anap.);

ὦ τῆς ἀώρου θύγατερ ἀθλία τύχης E.Hec. 425

: personified, εἰ μὴ τὴν Τ. αὐτὴν λέγεις *misfortune herself, ib. 786.

3 in a neutral sense, mostly in pl. 'fortunes',

ποίαις ὁμιλήσει τύχαις Pi. N.1.61

;

πρὸς τὸ παρὸν ἀεὶ βουλεύεσθαι καὶ ταῖς τ. ἐπακολουθεῖν Isoc.6.34

; τὴν ἐλπίδ' οὐ χρὴ τῆς τ. κρίνειν πάρος the event, S.Tr. 724;

ἐπὶ τῇσι παρεούσῃσι τύχῃσι Hdt.7.236

;

ἐγὼ δὲ τὴν παροῦσαν ἀντλήσω τ. A.Pr. 377

;

φέρειν ἀνάγκη τὰς παρεστώσας τ. E.Or. 1024

: c. gen. rei,

κοινὰς εἶναι τὰς τ. τοῖς ἅπασι καὶ τῶν κακῶν καὶ τῶν ἀγαθῶν Lys.24

. 22.

4 the quality of the fortune or fate may be indicated by an Adj., ἀγαθὴ τ. or ἡ ἀγαθὴ τ., A.Ag. 755 (lyr.), Ar. Pax 360, D.Ep.4.3, etc.;

πολλῇ χρῷτ' ἂν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 640d

; freq. in prayers and good wishes,

εὐχώμεσθα Διὶ.. θεσμοῖς τοῖσδε τ. ἀγαθὴν καὶ κῦδος ὀπάσσαι Sol.[31]

; θεὸς τ. ἀγαθάν (sc. δότω) GDI1930, al. (Delph., ii B. C.): in nom.,

θεός, τύχα ἀγαθά IG42(1).47.1

, 121.1 (Epid., iv B.C.), 73.1 (ibid., iii B.C.): freq. in dat., ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ by God's help, Lat. quod di bene vortant, ἀγαθᾷ τύχᾳ ib.103.119 (ibid., iv B. C.);

ἀλλ' ἴωμεν ἀγαθῇ τ. Pl.Lg. 625c

;

ταῦτα ποιεῖτ' ἀγ. τ. D.3.18

;

τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ And. 1.120

, Pl.Smp. 177e, Cri. 43d, etc.; in Com. with crasis,

ἡγοῦ δὴ σὺ νῷν τύχἀγαθῇ Ar.Av. 675

, cf. 436, Ec. 131, Nicostr.Com.19; as a formula in treaties, decrees, etc., Αάχης εἶπε, τύχῃ ἀγαθῇ τῇ Ἀθηναίων ποιεῖσθαι τὴν ἐκεχειρίαν Decr. ap. Th.4.118, etc.;

ἀγ. τ. τῇ Ἀθηναίων IG12.39.40

; also

ἐπ' ἀγαθῇ τ. Ar.V. 869

, cf. Pl.Lg. 757e; μετ' ἀγαθῆς τ. ib. 732d; τύχῃ ἀμείνονι, ἐπ' ἀμείνοσι τύχαις, ib. 856e, 878a; also

τύχᾳ σὺν ἔσλᾳ Sapph.Supp.9.4

;

ἐπὶ τύχῃσι χρηστῇσι Hdt.1.119

: with κακός or equivalent words,

τ. παλίγκοτος A.Ag. 571

;

ἡ δέ τοι τ. κακὴ μὲν αὕτη γ' ἀλλὰ συγγνώμην ἔχει S.Tr. 328

;

ἐν τοιᾷδε κείμενος κακῇ τ. Id.Aj. 323

;

τίς τῆσδ' ἔτ' ἐχθίων τύχη; A. Pers. 438

;

πρὶν αἰσχρᾷ περιπεσεῖν τύχῃ τινί E.Hec. 498

;

ὅταν τις ἡμῶν δυστυχῆ λάβῃ τ. Id.Tr. 471

, cf. Th.5.102;

ἀλιτηριώδης τ. Pl. Lg. 881e

;

ποινὴν καὶ κακὴν τ. S.E.M.5.16

.

5 with gen. (or possess. Adj.) of the person who enjoys or endures the fortune or fate,

τῶν ἐν Θερμοπύλαις θανόντων εὐκλεὴς μὲν ἁ τύχα, καλὸς δ' ὁ πότμος Simon.4.2

;

θεῶν δ' ὄπιν ἄφθιτον αἰτέω, Εέναρκες, ὑμετέραις τύχαις Pi.P.8.72

;

ὤμοι βαρείας ἆρα τῆς ἐμῆς τ. S.Aj. 980

;

κατεδάκρυσε τὴν ἑαυτοῦ τ. X.Cyr.5.4.31

;

ἐπὶ τῇ τῶν Ἀρκάδων τ. ἥσθησαν Id.HG7.1.32

;

πρὸς τὰς τ. τῶν ἐναντίων ἐπαίρεσθαι Th.6.11

;

τῆς ὑμετέρας τ. D.1.1

;

τὴν ἰδίαν τ. τὴν ἐμὴν καὶ τὴν ἑνὸς ἡμῶν ἑκάστου Id.18.255

.

IV the τ. or ἀγαθὴ τ. of a person or city is sts. thought of as permanently belonging to him or it, as a faculty for good fortune, destiny, almost = δαίμων 1.2, 11.3,

τὸν δαίμονα καὶ τὴν τ. τὴν συμπαρακολουθοῦσαν τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ φυλάξασθαι Aeschin.3.157

;

ἐπισφαλές ἐστι πιστεύειν ἀνδρὸς ἑνὸς τύχῃ τηλικαῦτα πράγματα Plu.Fab.26

;

νὴ τὴν σὴν τ. Arr.Epict.2.20.29

: personified,

θύειν Τύχῃ Ἀγαθῇ πατρὸς καὶ μητρὸς Ποσειδωνίου κριόν SIG1044.34

(Halic., iv/iii B. C.); a statue of the Τύχη of the City of Antioch executed by Eutychides, Paus.6.2.7: so of rulers,

ἀγαθῇ τύχῃ τῇ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Σωτῆρος OGI16

(Halic., iii B.C.);

διὰ τὴν τ. τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ κυρίου βασιλέως BGU1764.8

(i B. C.);

νὴ τὴν Καίσαρος τ. Arr. Epict.4.1.14

;

ὀμνύω τὴν.. Σεβαστοῦ τ. Sammelb.7440.19

(ii A. D.), cf. BGU1583.23 (ii A. D.); of officials, e.g. the

ἐπιστράτηγος, ἐάν σου τῇ εὐμενεστάτῃ τύχῃ δόξῃ Sammelb.7361.21

(iii A. D.).

2 = Lat. Fortuna; Τ. Σωτήριος, = Fortuna Redux, Mon.Anc.Gr.6.7; Τ. Πρωτογένεια, = F. Primigenia, SIG1133 (Delos, ii B. C.).

3 position, station in life,

ἐγὼ μὲν δὴ τοιαύτῃ συμβεβίωκα τύχῃ.., σὺ δ' ὁ σεμνὸς.. σκόπει.. ποίᾳ τινὶ κέχρησαι τύχῃ.. τὸ μέλαν τρίβων κτλ. D.18.258

;

πάσῃ τ. καὶ ἡλικίᾳ BCH15.184

, 198,204 ([place name] Panamara);

οἰκέτης τὴν τ. Ael.NA7.48

;

ἀμφίβολόν ἐστι πότερον ἡλικίας τοὔνομα ἢ τύχης Poll.3.76

;

οἱ δουλικὴν τ. εἰληχότες POxy.1186.5

(iv A. D.), cf. 1101.7,11,21,24 (iv A. D.), etc.; rank,

βουλευτικὴ τ. PLond.3.1015.1

,4 (vi A. D.), cf. Cod.Just. 1.3.52.1, 4.20.15.1, 9.5.2.

V Astrol. uses:

1 = Σελήνη, Vett. Val.126.15; ἀγαθὴ τ. the κλῆρος of the moon, Cat.Cod.Astr.4.81.

2 ἀγαθὴ and κακὴ τ. names of two of the twelve regions, Vett. Val.69.13,14.

VI Pythag. name for 7, Theol.Ar.44.

μεγαλειότης, ητος, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Athen. 4, 6, 130f; Vett. Val. 70, 4; OGI 666, 26 [I A.D.] the pyramids as an awesome sight; 669, 9 [I A.D.]; PGiss 40 I, 5; 11; LXX) in our lit. only of a divine figure or of divine attributes.

① quality or state of being foremost in esteem, grandeur, sublimity, majesty (of God: Aristob. in Eus., PE 8, 10, 17; Jos., Ant. 1, 24; 8, 111, C. Ap. 2, 168), of Artemis Ac 19:27. Of Christ 2 Pt 1:16, who was endorsed by a heavenly voice.

② quality or state of experiencing high esteem because of awesome performance, impressiveness (cp. the use of θειότης q.v.), Lk 9:43 in ref. to a healing; Dg 10:5 in ref. to actions that would be out of character for God; IRo ins, in ref. to expression of divine mercy. ἡ μ. τῆς προνοίας τοῦ δεσπότου the Master’s wondrous providence 1 Cl 24:5.—DELG s.v. μέγας. M-M. TW. Spicq.

οἰκία, ας, ἡ (Hdt.+)

① a structure used as a dwelling, house

ⓐ lit., as a building Mt 2:11; 7:24–27; 24:43; Mk 10:29f; 13:34; Lk 6:48f; 15:8; 18:29; J 12:3; Ac 10:6; 1 Cor 11:22; 1 Cl 12:6 al. W. ἀγρός Hs 1:4, 8; cp. Mt 19:29. W. χωρίον Ac 4:34. εἰς τ. οἰκίαν τινός Mt 8:14; 9:23; Mk 1:29; Lk 4:38; 7:44; 22:54. εἰς οἰκίαν τινός Ac 18:7. εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν into the house Lk 8:51; 10:38 v.l. (prob. the orig. rdg., reverentially omitted by some copyists: MdeJonge, NThT 34, 308 [against Metzger 153]; s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 32f); 22:10; (go, come) home (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 68 §288; Jos., Vi. 144) Mt 9:28; 13:36; 17:25; AcPl Ha 4, 3; at home Mk 10:10. εἰς οἰκίαν into a house 6:10; 7:24; into your house 2J 10. ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ τινός Mk 2:15; 14:3; Lk 5:29; 7:37. ἐν οἰκίᾳ τινός (POxy 51, 13 ἐν οἰκίᾳ Ἐπαγαθοῦ) Mt 26:6; Ac 9:11; 10:32; ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ in the house J 8:35; 11:31; at home Mt 8:6; 9:10; Mk 9:33. ἐν οἰκίᾳ in a house or at home Lk 8:27. οἱ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ those who are in the house Mt 5:15 (πάντες οἱ ἐν τ. οἰκ. as Dio Chrys. 64 [14], 7); cp. Ac 16:32. ὁ κύριος τῆς οἰκίας the master of the house Mk 13:35. ὁ οἰκοδεσπότης τῆς οἰκίας Lk 22:11. κατεσθίειν τὰς οἰκ. τῶν χηρῶν devour widow’s houses i.e., rob widows of their houses (and household goods; s. οἶκος 4) Mt 23:13 [14] v.l.; Mk 12:40; Lk 20:47 (Maximus Tyr. 14, 4e κείρειν [=devour] οἶκον βασιλέως). κατοικεῖν οἰκίας πηλίνας live in houses of clay 1 Cl 39:5 (Job 4:9).—KJäger, D. Bauernhaus in Palästina, m. Rücksicht auf d. bibl. Wohnhaus untersucht 1912; Dalman, Arbeit VII: D. Haus, Hühnerzucht, Taubenzucht, Bienenzucht ’42.

ⓑ in imagery, of the body as the habitation of the soul (cp. σαρκικὸς οἶκος ParJer 6:6) ἡ ἐπίγειος ἡμῶν οἰκ. τοῦ σκήνους the earthly tent we live in 2 Cor 5:1a. In contrast to this the glorified body is called οἰκία ἀχειροποίητος a dwelling not made with hands 2 Cor 5:1b.—S. on οἰκητήριον.—Of heaven as God’s dwelling-place (cp. Artem. 2, 68 p. 159, 13 ὁ οὐρανὸς θεῶν ἐστιν οἶκος; schol. on Aeschin. 2, 10: acc. to Timaeus, a woman dreamed that she had been snatched up into heaven and had seen there τὰς τῶν θεῶν οἰκήσεις; Sappho 1, 7 D.²: Aphrodite inhabits πατρὸς [Zeus’] δόμον.—Purely formal UPZ 18, 8 [163 B.C.] ἡ οἰκία τοῦ πατρὸς ἡμῶν) J 14:2 (difft. OSchaefer, ZNW 32, ’33, 210–17, against him Bultmann 464, 5).

② social unit within a dwelling, household, family (X., Mem. 2, 7, 6; Diod S 12, 14, 3; 13, 96, 3; PPetr II, 23 [4], 2 καταγράψας τὴν οἰκίαν τοῦ Ὥρου; Philo, Abr. 92; Jos., Ant. 17, 134) Mt 12:25 (w. πόλις, as Synes., Providence 1, 4 p. 9d); Mk 3:25 (w. βασιλεία). ἐπίστευσεν αὐτὸς καὶ ἡ οἰκ. αὐτοῦ ὅλη he and his whole household came to believe J 4:53 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 13 §55 Γράκχος αὐτοῦ σὺν ὅλῃ τῇ οἰκίᾳ κατάρχοιτο). ἡ οἰκ. Στεφανᾶ the family of Stephanas 1 Cor 16:15. ἄτιμος εἰ μὴ … ἐν τῇ οἰκ. αὐτοῦ without honor except … in his family Mt 13:57; Mk 6:4.

③ a kind of middle position betw. mngs. 1 and 2 is held by Mt 10:12f: εἰσερχόμενοι εἰς τὴν οἰκίαν ἀσπάσασθε αὐτήν. καὶ ἐὰν ᾖ ἡ οἰκία ἀξία …—οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας Phil 4:22 means, whether it be translated those in the house or those in the household of the Emperor, according to prevailing usage, not members of the emperor’s family or relationship, but servants at his court; in early imperial times they were ordinarily slaves or freedpersons (cp. Philo, In Flacc. 35; Jos., Ant. 17, 142; παντὶ τῷ οἴκῳ τῶν Σεβαστῶν PHerrmann, Inschriften von Sardeis: Chiron 23, ’93, 234 no. 1 ln. 5; MartPl 1 [Aa I 104, 8; 106, 15]. Cp. also Diog. L. 5, 75 the explanation for the ‘ignoble’ origin of Demetrius of Phalerum: ἦν γὰρ ἐκ τῆς Κόνωνος οἰκίας. On the other hand Diod S 17, 35, 3 αἱ τῆς βασιλικῆς οἰκίας γυναῖκες=the women of the royal family.—AdeWaal, Οἱ ἐκ τῆς Καίσαρος οἰκίας [Phil 4:22]: Röm. Quartalschr. 26, 1912, 160–63; Zahn, Einl.³ 391; GDuncan, St. Paul’s Ephesian Ministry 1929 [where the theory of Paul’s Ephesian imprisonment is set forth]. S. also Καῖσαρ ad loc.).—B. 133; 458. DELG s.v. οἶκο A I. M-M. TW.

πότος, ου, ὁ (X., Pla. et al.; Sb 7452, 21 [III A.D.?]; LXX; JosAs 21:6 [cod. A p. 71, 25 Bat.]; EpArist 262; Philo, Vi. Cont. 46; Jos., Ant. 5, 289; TestJud 8:2) a social gathering at which wine was served, drinking party (X., Symp. 8, 41, as synonym of κλῆσις ‘banquet’ 1, 7) pl. (Aristoph., Pla. et al.; Pr 23:30) w. κῶμοι (q.v. and Synes., Providence 1, 14 p. 107c) 1 Pt 4:3 here prob. in the sense of ‘carousal’. In the Gr-Rom. world it was customary for literati to hold banquets at which topical discussions were featured, with participants well lubricated with wine (s. the dialogues of Pl. and esp. X., Symp.). These would not properly be rendered ‘carousals’. It is prob. that the Petrine pass. has less sophisticated participants in mind.—TW.

πρόνοια, ας, ἡ (πρόνοος ‘prudent’; Aeschyl., Ag. 683, Ch. 606; Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestSol 1:13 D; EpArist, Philo, Joseph., apolog. exc. Mel.) thoughtful planning to meet a need, forethought, foresight, providence

ⓐ of God esp. with reference to divine beneficence (Trag.; Hdt, 3, 108, 1; X., Mem. 1, 4, 6; 4, 3, 6; Pla., Tim. 30b; 44c; Polyb. 23, 17, 10; Posidonius in Diog. L. 7, 138; Diod S 1, 1, 3; 3, 57, 5; 4, 47, 1 θεῶν πρόνοια al.; Diog. L. 3, 24; Plut., Mor. 425f; 436d; Achilles Tat. 7, 10, 1; Herm. Wr. 1, 19; 12, 14; 21; in Stob. p. 514, 24; 516, 5 Sc. ἡ ἄνω πρόνοια p. 418, 28 Sc.; SIG 700, 29 [117 B.C.] μετὰ τῆς τῶν θεῶν προνοίας; POslo 148 [II/I B.C.] τῇ τ. θεῶν προνοίᾳ; POxy 1682, 6; SJCh 78, 5; Wsd; 3 and 4 Macc; EpArist 201; SibOr 5, 227; 323. Philo wrote a work titled Περὶ προνοίας [Eus., PE 2, 18, 6; 7, 20, 9; 8, 13, 7]; Jos., Bell. 3, 391; 7, 453, Ant. 2, 60; 349 al.; Ar. 1, 1; Just.; Tat. 2, 1; Ath.; cp. Cicero, De Natura Deorum 2, 73f; New Docs 3, 143f numerous pap reff.) 1 Cl 24:5; AcPlCor 2:19. W. σοφία (Ael. Aristid. 36, 123 K.=48 p. 488 D.) Hv 1, 3, 4 (Leutzsch, Hermas 391 n. 119).

ⓑ of humans Ac 24:2. πρόνοιαν ποιεῖσθαί τινος make provision for someth., be concerned for or about someth. (Demosth.; Polyb.; Dionys. Hal. 10, 1; Plut.; SIG 734, 5 τᾶς εὐσεβείας and oft. of pers. distinguished for ἀρετή or excellence [s. index]; POxy 899, 17; PFlor 2, 207; PLond 1912 [letter of Claudius], 103 [41 A.D.] and oft.; Da 6:19; EpArist 80; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 9, Vi. 62) τῆς σαρκὸς πρόνοιαν μὴ ποιεῖσθε εἰς ἐπιθυμίας Ro 13:14 (Philo, Ebr. 87 σαρκῶν ποιεῖσθαι πρόνοιαν). ἑνὸς γὰρ ἐποιήσατο πρ., τοῦ μηδὲν … παραλιπεῖν (Mark) was primarily concerned … to omit nothing or made provision for one thing, to omit … Papias (2:15).—JAmann, D. Zeusrede d. Ail. Arist. ’31, 73ff.—Renehan ’75. Larfeld I 499. New Docs 8, 109–116. 1263–66. DELG s.v. νόος. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἀποβολή, ῆς, ἡ (s. ἀποβάλλω; Pla. et al.; PLond 1659, 10) corresp. to the var. mngs. of ἀποβάλλω.

① rejection, of the (temporary) rejection of Israelites by God (Jos., Ant. 4, 314 not of people as such, but repeated loss of their cities and temple through divine providence) Ro 11:15 (opp. πρόσλημψις).

② loss (PCairZen 569, 25 and 106 [III B.C.]; 55th letter of Apollonius of Tyana [Philostrat. I 358, 19] by death; Philo, Praem. 33 of a ship; Jos., Ant. 2, 147; Tat. 15, 4; Sextus 257) ἀ. ψυχῆς οὐδεμία ἔσται ἐξ ὑμῶν not a single one of you will be lost Ac 27:22 (Straton of Lamps., Fgm. 124 ἀ. ζωῆς).—DELG s.v. βάλλω.

ἀπόστολος, ου, ὁ (s. ἀποστέλλω). In older Gk. (Lysias, Demosth.) and later (e.g. Posidon.: 87 Fgm. 53 p. 257, 21 Jac. [Strabo 3, 5, 5]) ὁ ἀ. is a naval expedition, prob. also its commander (Anecd. Gr. 217, 26). τὸ ἀπόστολον with (Pla., Ep. 7, 346a) or without (Vi. Hom. 19) πλοῖον means a ship ready for departure. In its single occurrence in Jos. (Ant. 17, 300; it is not found elsewh. in Jewish-Gk. lit.) it prob. means ‘sending out’; in pap mostly ‘bill of lading’ (s. Preisigke, Fachwörter 1915), less freq. ‘certificate of clearance (at a port)’ (BGU V §64 [II A.D.]=Gnomon des Idios Logos). It can also be ‘letter of authorization (relating to shipping)’: Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 443, 10 (15 A.D.); PHerm 6, 11f (cp. Dig. 49, 6, 1 litteras dimissorias sive apostolos). In contrast, in isolated cases it refers to persons who are dispatched for a specific purpose, and the context determines the status or function expressed in such Eng. terms as ‘ambassador, delegate, messenger’ (Hdt. 1, 21; 5, 38; Synesius, Providence 2, 3 p. 122a ἀπόστολοι of ordinary messengers; Sb 7241, 48; BGU 1741, 6 [64 B.C.]; 3 Km 14:6A; Is 18:2 Sym.). Cp. KLake, The Word Ἀ.: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 46–52. It is this isolated usage that is preferred in the NT w. nuances peculiar to its lit. But the extensive use of ἀποστέλλω in documents relating to pers. of merit engaged in administrative service prob. encouraged NT use of the noun, thus in effect disavowing assoc. w. the type of itinerant philosophers that evoked the kind of pejorative term applied by Paul’s audience Ac 17:18.

① of messengers without extraordinary status delegate, envoy, messenger (opp. ὁ πέμψας) J 13:16. Of Epaphroditus, messenger of the Philippians Phil 2:25.—2 Cor 8:23.

② of messengers with extraordinary status, esp. of God’s messenger, envoy (cp. Epict. 3, 22, 23 of Cynic wise men: ἄγγελος ἀπὸ τ. Διὸς ἀπέσταλται).

ⓐ of prophets Lk 11:49; Rv 18:20; cp. 2:2; Eph 3:5.

ⓑ of Christ (w. ἀρχιερεύς) Hb 3:1 (cp. ApcEsdr 2:1 p. 25, 29 T.; Just., A I, 12, 9; the extra-Christian firman Sb 7240, 4f οὐκ ἔστιν θεὸς εἰ μὴ ὁ θεὸς μόνος. Μααμετ ἀπόστολος θεοῦ). GWetter, ‘D. Sohn Gottes’ 1916, 26ff.

ⓒ but predominately in the NT (of the apologists, only Just.) of a group of highly honored believers w. a special function as God’s envoys. Also Judaism had a figure known as apostle (שָׁלִיחַ; Schürer III 124f w. sources and lit.; Billerb. III 1926, 2–4; JTruron, Theology 51, ’48, 166–70; 341–43; GDix, ibid. 249–56; 385f; JBühner, art. ἄ. in EDNT I 142–46). In Christian circles, at first ἀ. denoted one who proclaimed the gospel, and was not strictly limited: Paul freq. calls himself an ἀ.: Ro 1:1; 11:13; 1 Cor 1:1; 9:1f; 15:9; 2 Cor 1:1; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:1; Col 1:1; 1 Ti 1:1; 2:7; 2 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:1.—1 Cl 47:1. Of Barnabas Ac 14:14; 15:2. Of Andronicus and Junia (less prob. Junias, s. Ἰουνία) Ro 16:7. Of James, the Lord’s brother Gal 1:19. Of Peter 1 Pt 1:1; 2 Pt 1:1. Then esp. of the 12 apostles οἱ δώδεκα ἀ. (cp. ParJer 9:20; AscIs 3:21; 4:3) Mt 10:2; Mk 3:14; Lk 22:14 (v.l. οἱ δώδεκα); cp. 6:13; 9:10; 17:5; Ac 1:26 (P-HMenoud, RHPR 37 ’57, 71–80); Rv 21:14; PtK 3 p. 15, 18. Peter and the apostles Ac 2:37; 5:29. Paul and apostles Pol 9:1 (cp. AcPlTh Aa I, 235 app. of Thecla). Gener. the apostles Mk 6:30; Lk 24:10; 1 Cor 4:9; 9:5; 15:7; 2 Cor 11:13; 1 Th 2:7; Ac 1:2; 2:42f; 4:33, 35, 37; 5:2, 12, 18, 34 v.l., 40; 6:6; 8:1, 14, 18; 9:27; 11:1; 14:4; 2 Pt 3:2; Jd 17; IEph 11:2; IMg 7:1; 13:2; ITr 2:2; 3:1; 7:1; IPhld 5:1; ISm 8:1; D ins; 11:3, 6. As a governing board, w. the elders Ac 15:2, 4, 6, 22f; 16:4. As possessors of the most important spiritual gift 1 Cor 12:28f. Proclaimers of the gospel 1 Cl 42:1f; B 5:9; Hs 9, 17, 1. Prophesying strife 1 Cl 44:1. Working miracles 2 Cor 12:12. W. overseers, teachers and attendants Hv 3, 5, 1; Hs 9, 15, 4; w. teachers Hs 9, 25, 2; w. teachers, preaching to those who had fallen asleep Hs 9, 16, 5; w. var. Christian officials IMg 6:1; w. prophets Eph 2:20; D 11:3; Pol 6:3. Christ and the apostles as the foundation of the church IMg 13:1; ITr 12; 2; cp. Eph 2:20. οἱ ἀ. and ἡ ἐκκλησία w. the three patriarchs and the prophets IPhld 9:1. The Holy Scriptures named w. the ap. 2 Cl 14:2 (sim. ApcSed 14:10 p. 136, 17 Ja.). Paul ironically refers to his opponents (or the original apostles; s. s.v. ὑπερλίαν) as οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀ. the super-apostles 2 Cor 11:5; 12:11. The orig. apostles he calls οἱ πρὸ ἐμοῦ ἀ. Gal 1:17; AcPlCor 2:4.—Harnack, Mission⁴ I 1923, 332ff (Eng. tr. I 319–31). WSeufert, D. Urspr. u. d. Bed. d. Apostolates 1887; EHaupt, Z. Verständnis d. Apostolates im NT 1896; EMonnier, La notion de l’Apostolat des origines à Irénée 1903; PBatiffol, RB n.s. 3, 1906, 520–32; Wlh., Einleitung², 1911, 138–47; EBurton, AJT 16, 1912, 561–88, Gal comm. 1921, 363–84; RSchütz, Apostel u. Jünger 1921; EMeyer I 265ff; III 255ff. HVogelstein, Development of the Apostolate in Judaism, etc.: HUCA 2, 1925, 99–123; JWagenmann, D. Stellg. d. Ap. Pls neben den Zwölf 1926; WMundle, D. Apostelbild der AG: ZNW 27, 1928, 36–54; KRengstorf, TW I 406–46 (s. critique by HConzelmann, The Theol. of St. Luke ’60, 216, n. 1), Apost. u. Predigtamt ’34; J-LLeuba, Rech. exégét. rel. à l’apostolat dans le NT, diss. Neuchâtel ’36; PSaintyves, Deux mythes évangéliques, Les 12 apôtres et les 72 disciples ’38; GSass, Apostelamt u. Kirche … paulin. Apostelbegr. ’39; EKäsemann, ZNW 40, ’41, 33–71; RLiechtenhan, D. urchr. Mission ’46; ESchweizer, D. Leben d. Herrn in d. Gemeinde u. ihren Diensten ’46; AFridrichsen, The Apostle and His Message ’47; HvCampenhausen, D. urchristl. Apostelbegr.: StTh 1, ’47, 96–130; HMosbech, ibid. 2, ’48, 166–200; ELohse, Ursprung u. Prägung des christl. Apostolates: TZ 9, ’53, 259–75; GKlein, Die 12 Apostel, ’60; FHahn, Mission in the NT, tr. FClarke, ’65; WSchmithals, The Office of the Apostle, tr. JSteely, ’69; KKertelge, Das Apostelamt des Paulus, BZ 14, ’70, 161–81. S. also ἐκκλησία end, esp. Holl and Kattenbusch; also HBetz, Hermeneia: Gal ’79, 74f (w. additional lit.); FAgnew, On the Origin of the Term ἀπόστολος: CBQ 38, ’76, 49–53 (survey of debate); KHaacker, NovT 30, ’88, 9–38 (Acts). Ins evidence (s. e.g. SIG index) relating to the verb ἀποστέλλω is almost gener. ignored in debate about the meaning of the noun.—DELG s.v. στέλλω A. EDNT. M-M. TW. Spicq.

ὁδός, οῦ, ἡ (Hom.+) gener. an established ‘way’ or ‘course’ such as a road or channel of a river.

① a way for traveling or moving from one place to another, way, road, highway, used by pers. or impers. entities: Mt 2:12; 21:8ab; Mk 11:8; Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4 v.l.); 19:36 al.; ἑτέρα ὁδ. Js 2:25. ἡ ὁδ. ἡ Καμπανή=Lat. Via Campana the Campanian Way Hv 4, 1, 2 (s. MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; Hülsen, Pauly-W. III 1434); described as ἡ ὁδ. ἡ δημοσία the public highway ibid. (s. δημόσιος 1). τὴν βασιλικήν AcPl Ant 13 (τὴν β. ὁδόν Aa I 237, 4). ἡ ὁδ. ἡ καταβαίνουσα ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλὴμ εἰς Γάζαν Ac 8:26. παρέρχεσθαι διὰ τῆς ὁδ. pass by (a certain place) on the road Mt 8:28 (on διὰ τ. ὁδ. cp. Philo, Abr. 269; ParJer 3:21). πίπτειν εἰς τὴν ὁδ. fall on the road Hv 3, 7, 1a. ἔρχεσθαι εἰς τὴν ὁδ., μένειν ἐν τῇ ὁδ. v 3, 2, 9a. κυλίεσθαι ἐκ τῆς ὁδ. roll off the road 3, 2, 9b and 3, 7, 1b. Of a fig tree ἐπὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ by the roadside Mt 21:19. Of beggars καθῆσθαι παρὰ τὴν ὁδ. sit by the roadside 20:30; Mk 10:46; Lk 18:35 (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Εὔτρησις: κώμη … κεῖται παρὰ τὴν ὁδόν), but along the way also merits attention (cp. παρὰ τὰς ὁδούς Antig. Car. 29). Of seed that is sown πίπτειν παρὰ τὴν ὁδ. fall along the road (Dalman, PJ 22, 1926, 121ff) Mt 13:4; Mk 4:4; Lk 8:5; cp. Mt 13:19; Mk 4:15; Lk 8:12. ἐξέρχεσθαι εἰς τὰς ὁδ. go out into the streets Mt 22:10; Lk 14:23; for διεξόδους τῶν ὁδ. Mt 22:9 s. διέξοδος; καταβαίνειν ἐν τῇ ὁδ. go down the road Lk 10:31. πορεύεσθαι κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. go on along the highway Ac 8:36. AcPl Ant 13, 20 (sc. ὁδόν after AcPlTh 3=Aa I 237, 4). ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ ᾗ ἤρχου (by attraction for ἣν ἤρ.; X., An. 2, 2, 10) 9:17. ἑτοιμάζειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος prepare someone’s way Mt 3:3; Mk 1:3; Lk 3:4 (all after Is 40:3); cp. Lk 1:76 and for the pass. Rv 16:12. Also κατασκευάζειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος Mt 11:10; Mk 1:2; Lk 7:27. εὐθύνειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος J 1:23. κατευθύνειν τὴν ὁδ. τινος 1 Th 3:11 (PsSol 8:6).—W. obj. gen. to indicate direction (Gen 3:24) Mt 10:5 (s. 3a below); Hb 9:8.—The acc. ὁδόν, following the Hebr.דֶּרֶךְ, and contrary to customary Gk. usage (but single cases of ὁδός take on the functions of adverbs or prepositions in the Gk. language as well: cp. Diog. L. 7, 156; Synes., Providence 1, 8 ὁδῷ βαδίζειν=‘go straight forward’; Appian, Hann. 47 §201 ὁδὸν ἐλάσσονα by a shorter [or the shortest] way; Plut., Mor. 371c.—The nearest parallel to the NT usage cited below would be the report of Diog. L. 9, 8 concerning Heraclitus: τὴν μεταβολὴν ὁδὸν ἄνω κάτω γίνεσθαι, if it might be translated: ‘Change [in the universe] is accomplished in an upward and downward direction’.) is used as a prep. toward (Dt 11:30; 3 Km 8:48; 18:43 ὁδὸν τῆς θαλάσσης. Cp. B-D-F §161, 1) ὁδ. θαλάσσης toward the sea Mt 4:15 (Is 8:23 LXX, Aq., Sym.).—LCasson, Travel in the Ancient World ’74; OEANE IV 431–34.

② the action of traveling, way, trip, journey, transf. sense of 1 (Hes., Theogon. 754; X., Mem. 3, 13, 5; Herodian 2, 11, 1; JosAs 9:4 al.; Just., D. 85, 5) εἰς (τὴν) ὁδ. for the trip/journey (Jos., Ant. 12, 198) Mt 10:10; Mk 6:8; Lk 9:3; on the way Mk 10:17. ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ on the way (Gen 45:24; Jos., Ant. 6, 55; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 2, end) Mt 15:32; 20:17; Mk 8:3, 27; 9:33f; 10:52; Lk 9:57; 12:58; 24:32; Ac 9:27. τὰ ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ what had happened to them on the way Lk 24:35. εἶναι ἐν τῇ ὁδῷ Mt 5:25; Mk 10:32. ἐξ ὁδοῦ from a trip (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 91 §418; Damasc., Vi. Isid. 203 p. 138, 8 W.; Jos., Vi. 246; 248 ἐκ τ. ὁδοῦ) Lk 11:6. ἔκαμνον ἐκ τῆς ὁδοῦ GJs 15:1. κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. along the way (Arrian, Anab. 1, 26, 5; 3, 19, 3; PKöln VI, 245, 20 καθʼ ὁδόν ‘on my way’; Jos., Ant. 8, 404; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 10, 2) 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. ἀνὰ μέσον τῆς ὁδοῦ halfway GJs 17:3. τ. ὁδὸν αὐτοῦ πορεύεσθαι go on his way Ac 8:39 (cp. X., Cyr. 5, 2, 22; TestAbr B 2 p. 106, 2 [Stone p. 60]). πορεύεσθαι τῇ ὁδῷ 1 Cl 12:4. ὁδὸν ποιεῖν make one’s way (Judg 17:8) Mk 2:23; s. ὁδοποιέω.—σαββάτου ὁδός a Sabbath day’s trip could also belong under 1; it signified the distance an Israelite might travel on the Sabbath, two thousand paces or cubits (=about 800 meters.—Mishnah: ˓Erubin 4, 3; 7; 5, 7; Origen, Princ. 4, 17; Schürer II 472f; 484f; Billerb. II 590–94; Moore, Judaism II 32) Ac 1:12. ἡμέρας ὁδός a day’s trip Lk 2:44 (Diod S 19, 17, 3; Appian, Samn. 1 §5; Polyaenus 7, 21, 1; Lucian, Syr. Dea 9; Procop., Aed. 6, 1, 12; cp. Hdt. 4, 101; X., Cyr. 1, 1, 3 παμπόλλων ἡμερῶν ὁδός; Ael. Aristid. 36, 87 K.=48 p. 473 D.: τριῶν ἡμ. ὁδ.; Gen 30:36; 31:23; Ex 3:18; Jdth 2:21; 1 Macc 5:24; 7:45; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 5 Jac.; Jos., Ant. 15, 293).

③ course of behavior, way, way of life, fig. ext. of 1 and 2, but oft. w. the picture prominently in mind (SibOr 3, 233; ὁδὸς τις γίνεται one finds a way (out) Did., Gen. 228, 7).

ⓐ way εἰς ὁδ. ἐθνῶν μὴ ἀπέλθητε do not go in the way of the Gentiles i.e. do not turn to the Gentiles Mt 10:5 (but s. 1.—JJeremias, Jesu Verheissung für d. Völker, ’56). εὐρύχωρος ἡ ὁδ. ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ἀπώλειαν 7:13 (Pla., Gorg. 524a τὼ ὁδώ, ἡ μὲν εἰς μακάρων νήσους, ἡ δʼ εἰς Τάρταρον). Also ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:1; ἡ τοῦ μέλανος ὁδ. 20:1. ἡ τοῦ θανάτου ὁδ. (Herm. Wr. 1, 29) D 5:1. Cp. 1:1 (on this Jer 21:8; TestAsh 1:3, 5 ὁδοὶ δύο, καλοῦ κ. κακοῦ; SibOr 8, 399 ὁδοὶ δύο, ζωῆς θανάτου τε; Ael. Aristid. 30 p. 577 D.: δυοῖν ὁδοῖν τὴν μὲν … τὴν δέ.—The two ὁδοί of Heracles: X., Mem. 2, 1, 21ff; Maximus Tyr. 14, 1a; e; k). ὁδ. σκότους 5:4b. Description of the way B 20; D 5:1ff. τεθλιμμένη ἡ ὁδ. ἡ ἀπάγουσα εἰς τὴν ζωήν Mt 7:14 (TestAbr A 2 p. 88, 28 [Stone p. 4]). Also ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ζωῆς D 1:2. ἡ ὁδ. τοῦ φωτός 19:1. Description of the way B 19; D 1–4. ὁδ. εἰρήνης Lk 1:79; Ro 3:17 (Is 59:8; Ps 13:3). ὁδ. ζωῆς Ac 2:28 (Ps 15:11); cp. D 1:2 above. ὁδ. σωτηρίας Ac 16:17. ὁδ. πρόσφατος κ. ζῶσα Hb 10:20. ὁδ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:4; 5:4a (in these two pass. the imagery of ‘way’ is stronger than in Mt 21:32 and 2 Pt 2:21, on the latter two pass. s. below in b). Of love ὁδ. ἡ ἀναφέρουσα εἰς θεόν IEph 9:1 (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 1, 56, 6 [Christ as teacher of the ‘way’]). αὕτη ἡ ὁδ. ἐν ᾗ εὕρομεν τὸ σωτήριον ἡμῶν 1 Cl 36:1.—Christ calls himself ἡ ὁδ. (i.e., to God) J 14:6, cp. 4f (s. Orig., C. Cels. 6, 66, 28; cp. Iren. 1, 15, 2 [Harv. I 149, 6].—Hdb. and Bultmann [p. 466ff—Engl. 603ff w. other lit.]; JPascher, Η ΒΑΣΙΛΙΚΗ ΟΔΟΣ; D. Königsweg. z. Wiedergeb. u. Vergottung b. Philon v. Alex. ’31).

ⓑ way of life, way of acting, conduct (Did., Gen. 168, 8) (ἡ) ὁδ. (τῆς) δικαιοσύνης (Pr 21:16, 21; Job 24:13); En 99:10; Mt 21:32 (ἐν ὁδῷ δικ. [cp. Pr 8:20] denotes either the way of life practiced by the Baptist [Zahn; OHoltzmann] or the type of conduct he demanded [described in Just., D. 38, 2 as ἡ τοῦ βαπτίσματο ὁδ.; cp. HHoltzmann; BWeiss; JWeiss; EKlostermann; Schniewind]. S. JKleist, CBQ 8, ’46, 192–96); 2 Pt 2:21. τῇ ὁδ. αὐτοῦ ἐπλανήθη he went astray in his path (=‘in his conduct’) 1 Cl 16:6 (Is 53:6). ἐκ πλάνης ὁδοῦ αὐτοῦ from his misguided way of life Js 5:20. ἡ ὁδ. τῆς ἀληθείας (Ps 118:30) vs. 19 v.l. (cp. 2 Pt 2:2 in c below); 1 Cl 35:5. ἀφιέναι τὴν ὁδ. τὴν ἀληθινήν Hv 3, 7, 1. τῇ ὁδ. τοῦ Κάϊν πορεύεσθαι follow the way of Cain Jd 11. ὁδ. δικαίων, ἀσεβῶν 11:7 (Ps 1:6). (ἡ) ὁδ. (ἡ) δικαία (Jos., Ant. 13, 290) 12:4; 2 Cl 5:7. τὸ δίκαιον ὀρθὴν ὁδ. ἔχει the way of righteousness is a straight one Hm 6, 1, 2. τῇ ὀρθῇ ὁδ. πορεύεσθαι ibid.; cp. 6, 1, 4 (Just., D. 8, 2). Opp. ἡ στρεβλὴ ὁδ. the crooked way 6, 1, 3. θέωμεν τὴν ὁδ. τὴν εὐθεῖαν let us run the straight course 2 Cl 7:3; cp. 2 Pt 2:15. Of life in association w. polytheists αὕτη ἡ ὁδ. ἡδυτέρα αὐτοῖς ἐφαίνετο Hs 8, 9, 1. The basic mng. has disappeared to such a degree that one can speak of καρποὶ τῆς ὁδ. 1 Cl 57:6 (Pr 1:31) and ἔργα τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδ. 4:10.—Pl. ways, of one’s total conduct Ac 14:16; Ro 3:16 (Is 59:7; Ps 13:3a; PsSol 6:2; 10:4 al.; ApcSed 15:5); Js 1:8; Hv 2, 2, 6. Esp. of the ways of God, referring either to the ways that God initiates: ὡς … ἀνεξιχνίαστοι αἱ ὁδ. αὐτοῦ how inscrutable are his ways Ro 11:33; δίκαιαι καὶ ἀληθιναὶ αἱ ὁδ. σου Rv 15:3; αἱ ὁδ. τῆς εὐλογίας the ways of blessing 1 Cl 31:1; or to the ways that humans should take: οὐκ ἔγνωσαν τὰς ὁδ. μου Hb 3:10 (Ps 94:10). διαστρέφειν τὰς ὁδοὺς τοῦ κυρίου Ac 13:10. διδάσκειν τὰς ὁδ. σου 1 Cl 18:13 (Ps 50:15). Likew. the sing. τὴν ὁδ. τοῦ θεοῦ ἐν ἀληθείᾳ διδάσκειν Mt 22:16; cp. Mk 12:14; Lk 20:21. ἀφιέναι τὴν ὁδ. τοῦ θεοῦ ApcPt 20:34. παρέβησαν ἐκ τῆς ὁδ. 1 Cl 53:2 (Ex 32:8).

ⓒ of the whole way of life fr. a moral and spiritual viewpoint, the way, teaching in the most comprehensive sense (Lucian, Hermot. 46 ὁδ. of the doctrine of a philosophical school Just., D. 39, 2 ἀπολείποντας τήν ὁδ. τῆς πλάνης; 142, 3 διὰ ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ), and specif. of teaching and manner of life relating to Jesus Christ (SMcCasland, JBL 77, ’58, 222–30: Qumran parallels) κατὰ τὴν ὁδ. ἣν λέγουσιν αἵρεσιν according to the Way, which they call a (heterodox) sect Ac 24:14. ἐάν τινας εὕρῃ τῆς ὁδ. ὄντας if he should find people who belonged to the Way 9:2. ὁδ. κυρίου, θεοῦ of teaching relating to Jesus and God’s purpose 18:25f. κακολογεῖν τὴν ὁδ. ἐνώπιον τοῦ πλήθους 19:9. ταύτην τὴν ὁδ. διώκειν persecute this religion 22:4. ἐγένετο τάραχος περὶ τῆς ὁδ. there arose a disturbance concerning the Way 19:23. τὰ περὶ τῆς ὁδ. (the things) concerning the teaching 24:22. ἡ ὁδὸς τ. ἀληθείας of the true Christian teaching (in contrast to that of dissidents vs. 1) 2 Pt 2:2 (OdeSol 11:3). Of the way of love καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὁδ. a far better way 1 Cor 12:31. ἡ ὁδ. τῆς δικαιοσύνης ApcPt 7:22; 13:28. Likew. the pl. (En 104:13 μαθεῖν ἐξ αὐτῶν [τ. βίβλων] πάσας τ. ὁδοὺς τῆς ἀληθείας) τὰς ὁδούς μου ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησου my Christian directives (i.e. instructions, teachings) 1 Cor 4:17.—OBecker, D. Bild des Weges u. verwandte Vorstellungen im frühgriech. Denken ’37; FNötscher, Gotteswege u. Menschenwege in d. Bibel u. in Qumran, ’58; ERepo, D. Weg als Selbstbezeichnung des Urchr., ’64 (but s. CBurchard, Der 13te Zeuge, ’70, 43, n. 10; JPathrapankal, Christianity as a ‘Way’ according to the Acts of the Apostles: Les Actes des Apôtres, Traditions, redaction, théologie, ed. JKremer ’79, 533–39 [reflects Is 40:3 and the emphasis on דרך in CD and 1QS: the ‘dynamism of Christianity’ is ‘Way of Life’]).—B. 717; 720. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.