line+with+line

ἀναγκ-αῖος, α, ον, in [dialect] Att. also ος, ον Th.1.2, Pl.R. 554a, etc.:

A of, with, or by force:

I [voice] Act., constraining, applying force, μῦθος ἀ. a word of force, Od.17.399; χρειὼ ἀ. urgent necessity, Il.8.57; ἦμαρ ἀ. day of constraint, i.e. life of slavery, 16.836; ἀ. τύχη a doom imposed by fate, or fateful chance, S.Aj. 485, cf. 803 (but, fatal chance, Id.El.48);

πᾶν γὰρ ἀ. χρῆμ' ἀνιηρὸν ἔφυ Thgn.472

, cf. 297, E.Or. 230; τῆς ἀρχῆς τῷ ἀ. παροξυνομένους by the compulsory nature of our rule, Th.5.99;

δεσμὸς ἀ. Theoc.24.33

; ἐξ ἀναγκαίου under stress of circumstances, Th.7.60.

2 forcible, cogent,

πειθώ Pl.Sph. 265d

;

ἀποδείξεις Ti. 40e

;

διαλλακτὰς πολὺ τῶν ἐμῶν λόγων ἀναγκαιοτέρους Th.4.60

; τὰ-ότερα τῶν ἀντιγράφων the more authoritative copies, Sch.S. OC 390.

II [voice] Pass., constrained, forced, twice in Od., πολεμισταὶ ἀ. soldiers perforce, Od.24.499; so δμῶες ἀ. ib. 210 (where however Eust. expl. it χρειώδεις trusty, serviceable, v. infr. 6).

2 necessary (physically or morally), οὐκ ἀ. unnecessary (on its diff. senses in philosophy v. Arist.Metaph. 1015a20ff.), ἀ. [ἐστί] it is necessary to.., S.Ph. 1317, etc.; γίνεταί μοι ἀναγκαιότ ατον, c. inf., Hdt.3.65; ἀ. κακόν a necessary evil, Men.651, cf. Hybreasap.Str.14.2.24: also c. inf.,

ἔνιαι τῶν ἀποκρίσεων ἀναγκαῖαι διὰ μακρῶν τοὺς λόγους ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Grg. 449b

;

ὁδὸν ἀναγκαιοτάτην εἶναι τρέπεσθαι Sph. 242b

; [μαθήματα] ἀναγκαῖα προμεμαθηκέναι necessary for us to have learnt them before, Lg. 643c.

3

τὰ ἀ.

necessaries of life,

Antipho 4.1.2

, Pl.Lg. 848a;

τὰ ἀ. τοῦ βίου Isoc.4.40

;

ἀ. τροφή Th.1.2

.

b

τὰ ἀ.

things necessary to be done,

X.Mem.1.1.6

; τὰ ἐκ θεοῦ ἀ. the appointed order of things, HG 1.7.33;

θεῶν ἀναγκαῖον τόδε E.Hec. 584

codd.: τὸ ἀ., = ἀνάγκη, Arist. Ph. 200a31.

4 indispensable, i. e. a bare minimum, freq. in [comp] Sup., τὸ ἀναγκαιότατον ὕψος the least height that was absolutely necessary, Th.1.90; ἡ ἀναγκαιοτάτη πόλις the least that could be called a city, Pl.R. 369d;

ἐκ τεττάρων ἀναγκαιοτάτων συγκεῖσθαι πόλιν Arist.Pol. 1291a12

; αὐτὰ τἀναγκαιότατ' εἰπεῖν give a bare outline of the facts, D.18.126, cf. 168; ἡ ἀ. συγγένεια the most distant degree of kinship recognized by law, 44.26: less freq. in Posit.,

οὐδὲ τἀναγκαῖα ἐξικέσθαι Th.1.70

: hence, scanty, makeshift,

παρασκευή 6.37

.

5 of persons, connected by necessary or natural ties, i. e. related by blood, Antipho 1.4, Pl.R. 574b;

ἀ. δόμοις E.Alc. 533

;

οἱ ἀ.

kinsfolk,

X.An.2.4.1

;

ἀ. φίλοι E.Andr. 671

;

συγγενεῖς καὶ ἀ. ἄνθρωποι D.19.290

;

τοὺς συγγενεῖς αὐτοῦ καὶ ἀ. φίλους Act.Ap.10.24

, cf. PFlor.2.142.2 (iii A. D.).

6 Astrol., efficacious, Vett.Val.63.1 ([comp] Comp.): ἀ. γραμμή line of fate, Cat.Cod.Astr.7.238.

7 costly,

ὄξος POxy. 1870

(v A. D.);

ἐσθής Suid.

s.v. βεστιάριον.

III Adv. - ως of necessity, perforce, ἀ. ἔχει it must be so, Hdt.1.89, A.Ch. 239, S.Tr. 723, Pl. Phd. 91e, etc.;

ἀ. ἔχει μοι ποιέειν ταῦτα Hdt.8.140

.ά, al.; ἀ. φέρειν, opp. ἀνδρείως, Th.2.64; as best might be, Pl. Ti. 69d.

2 γελοίως καὶ ἀ. λέγειν in a narrow sense (cf. 11.4, but prob. with play on 111.1), Id.R. 527a;

πτωχῶς μέν, ἀλλ' ἀ. Babr.55.2

:—[comp] Sup.

ἀναγκαιότατα, λέγεις Pl.Phlb. 40c

.

3 strictly,

κελεύειν OGI669.41

(i A. D.).

IV οἱ ἀ. τόποι privy parts, Vett.Val.113.9.

V ἀναγκαῖον, τό, v. sub v.

ἀπονέομαι,

A go away, depart, freq in Hom., only in [tense] pres. (sts. with [tense] fut. sense, as Il.2.113 ) and [tense] impf., always at the end of the line, with the first syll. long, metri gr.,

ἀπονέεσθαι Il.

l. c., etc.;

ἀπονέωνται Od. 5.27

;

ἀπονέοντο Il.3.313

, al.

ἐκβάλλω, Arc. [full] ἐσδέλλω IG5(2).6.49 (Tegea, iv B.C.), [tense] fut. - βᾰλῶ: [tense] aor. - έβαλον: [tense] pf. - βέβληκα: [voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

A

- βεβλήσομαι E.Ba. 1313

:— throw or cast out of, c. gen.,

Ὀδίον μέγαν ἔκβαλε δίφρου Il.5.39

, etc.: abs., throw out,

ἐκ δ' εὐνὰς ἔβαλον 1.436

, etc. ; καὶ τὴν μὲν..ἰχθύσι κύρμα γενέσθαι ἔκβαλον threw her overboard, Od.15.481, cf. Hdt.1.24 : then in various relations, ἐκπίπτω being freq. used as its [voice] Pass. :

1 throw ashore,

τὸν δ' ἄρ'..νεὸς ἔκβαλε κῦμ' ἐπὶ χέρσου Od.19.278

;

ἄνεμος.. τρηχέως περιέσπε..πολλὰς τῶν νεῶν ἐκβάλλων πρὸς τὸν Ἄθων Hdt.6.44

;

ἐ. ἐς τὴν γῆν Id.7.170

(but in 2.113 ἄνεμοι..ἐκβάλλουσι ἐς τὸ πέλαγος carry out to sea ; ἐξέβαλεν ἄνεμος ἡμᾶς drove us out of our course, E.Cyc.20):—[voice] Med., put ashore,

ἵππους ἐξεβάλλοντο Hdt. 6.101

; jettison, Syngr. ap. D.35.11.

2 cast out of a place,

Κιμμερίους ἐκβαλόντες ἐκ τῆς Εὐρώπης Hdt.1.103

; ἐ. ἐκ τῆς χώρας, of an enemy, Lycurg.99, cf. D.60.8 ; esp. of banishment, ἐκ πόλεως ἐ. drive out of the country, Pl.Grg. 468d, cf. Ar.Pl. 430, etc. ; of a corpse, ἔξω τῆς πόλεως, τῶν ὁρίων, Pl.Lg. 873b, 909c : c. acc. only. drive out, banish, Heraclit.121, S.OC6<*>6, 770, etc. ; turn out,

νεοττούς Arist. HA 618b12

; cast out of the synagogue, Ev.Jo.34 ;

ἐκ τοῦ τάγματος J.BJ2.8.8

; exorcize, cast out evil spirits, Ev.Marc.1.34, al. ; also in weakened sense, cause to depart, ib.43.

3 expose on a desertisland, S.Ph. 257, 1034, 1390 ; expose a dead body,

ταφῆς ἄτερ Id.Aj. 1388

; ἐ. τέκνα expose children, E. Ion 964.

4 ἐ. γυναῖκα ἐκ τῆς οἰκίας divorce her, D. 59.83 : with simple acc., And.1.125, D.59.63, D.S.12.18, etc.:—[voice] Pass., LXXLe.21.7.

5 cast out of his seat, depose a king,

ἐ. ἕδρας Κρόνον A.Pr. 203

; ἐκ τυραννίδος θρόνου τ' ib. 910 ;

ἐκ τῆς τιμῆς X.Cyr.1.3.9

: without

ἐκ, ἐ. τινὰ πλούτου S.El. 649

:—[voice] Pass., to be ejected, of an occupier, PPetr.2p.143 (iii B.C.), PMagd. 12.8 (iii B.C.), etc. ;

χάριτος ἐκβεβλημένη S.Aj. 808

;

ἐκ τῆς φιλίας X.An.7.5.6

; ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς ἐξεβλήθησαν Isoc.4.70.

6 throw decisively in wrestling.

τίν' οὐ παλαίουσ' ἐς τρὶς ἐ. ; S.Fr.941.13

.

7 ἐ. φρέατα dig wells, Plu. Pomp.32.

8 of drugs, get rid of,

τοξεύματα Dsc.3.32

.

9 expel afterbirth, Hp. Mul.1.78.

10 publish,

σύνταξιν Plb.30.4.11

; issue, δόγμα ib.19.6 ;

ἀπόκρισιν Id.29.19.5

.

II strike out of,

χειρῶν δ' ἔκβαλλε κύπελλα Od.2.396

, cf. Theoc.22.210 ; ἐκβάλλεθ'..τευχέων πάλους throw them out of the urns, A.Eu. 742 : abs., δοῦρα ἐ. fell trees (prop., cut them out of the forest), Od.5.244.

2 strike open, break in, ἐ. θύρετρα, πύλας, θύρας, E.Or. 1474, Hec. 1044, Lys.3.23, D.47.53.

III let fall, drop,

χειρὸς δ' ἔκβαλεν ἔγχος Il.14.419

;

σφῦραν B.17.28

;

ξίφος E. Andr. 629

, cf. Ar.Lys. 156 ;

οἰστούς X.An.2.1.6

: metaph., ἦ ῥ' ἅλιον ἔπος ἔκβαλον let fall an idle word, Il.18.324 ;

εἰ μὴ ὑπερφίαλον ἔπος ἔκβαλε Od.4.503

, cf. Hdt.6.69, A.Ag. 1662, etc. ;

ἐ. ῥῆμα Pl.R. 473e

: abs., utter, speak, D.L.9.7 ; shed,

δάκρυα δ' ἔκβαλε θερμά Od. 19.362

; ἐ. ἕρκος ὀδόντων cast, shed one's teeth, Sol.27, cf. E.Cyc. 644, etc. ; throw up blood, S.Ant. 1238 ; spit out, Thphr.HP4.8.4 ; ἐκβαλεῦσι τὰς κούρας their eyes will drop out, prov. of covetous persons, Herod.4.64.

IV throw away, cast aside, reject, εὐμένειαν, χάριν, S.OC 631, 636, cf. Plb.1.14.4 ;

προγόνων παλαιὰ θέσμια E.Fr.360.45

;

θεούς Ar.Nu. 1477

; recall, repudiate,

ἐ. λόγους Pl.Cri. 46b

; annul,

τοὔπος S.OT 849

; remoue an official from his post, D.21.87 ; drive an actor from the stage, Id.19.337 : metaph., of a politician, Pl.Ax. 368d : —[voice] Pass., Ar.Eq. 525 ;

ἐκβάλλεσθαι ἄξια Antipho 4.3.1

.

V lose, properly by one's own fault,

φρένας, τἀγαθόν. S.Ant. 649

, Aj. 965, cf. Ar.Eq. 404, Ec.75.

VI produce, of women, Hp.Epid.4.25 (of premature birth), Plu.Publ.21 ; esp. in case of a miscarriage or abortion, Hp.Mul.1.60, Thphr.HP9.18.8;

βρέφος ἐκ τῆς γαστρός Ant.Lib. 34

; with play on 1.2, D.L.2.102, etc. ; hatch chicks, Sch.Ar.Av. 251.

b of plants, ἐ. καρπόν put forth fruit, Hp.Nat.Puer.22 ;

ἐ. στάχυν E.Ba.75

):—[voice] Pass.,

τὰ ἐκβαλλόμενα BGU197.12

(i A.D.).

VII put out a bone or joint, Hp.Fract.31, Art.67 ;

χεῖρα Arr.Epict.3.15.4

.

VIII upset, undo the effect of a speech, Plb.11.10.6.

IX Math., produce a line, in [voice] Pass., Arist. Cael. 71b29, Mech. 850a11, Str. 2.1.29, etc. ; ἐ. εἰς ἄπειρον produce to infinity, in metaph. sense,

τὰ δεινά Phld.D.1.12

, cf. 13.

2 start counting, in astronomical calculations, Procl.Par.Ptol. 252.

X intr., go out, depart,

ἵν' ἐκβάλω ποδὶ ἄλλην ἐπ' αἶαν E.El.96

; of the sea, break out of its bed, Arist. Mete. 367b13 ; of a rivcr, branch off, Pl.Phd. 113a : metaph.,

ἐπειδὰν ἐς μειράκια ἐκβάλωσιν D.C.52.26

.

ἐμπίπτω, [tense] fut. - πεσοῦμαι: [tense] aor. ἐνέπεσον, [dialect] Ep. ἔμπεσον (v. infr.): lyr. [tense] aor.

A

ἔμπετες Pi.P.8.81

:— fall in or on, c. dat.,

τρύφος ἔμπεσε πόντῳ Od.4.508

;

ὁ δ' ὕπτιος ἔμπεσε πέτρῃ Il.4.108

; ἐν δ' ἔπεσ' ὠκεανῷ, of the Sun, 8.485; πῦρ ἔμπεσε νηυσίν fire fell upon them, 16.113;

αὐχένι.. ἔμπεσεν ἰός 15.451

, cf. 624; with

ἐν, ὡς δ' ὅτε πῦρ.. ἐν ἀξύλῳ ἐμπέσῃ ὕλῃ 11.155

;

κεραυνοὶ αὐτοῖσι ἐνέπιπτον Hdt.8.37

; ἐμπέσοι γέ σοι (sc. ὁ πύργος) Ar.Pl. 180, etc.: abs., ῥύμῃ ἐ. Th.2.76, cf. Hdt.1.34: c. gen.,

ὠκεανοῖο Arat.635

.

b Geom., meet, of a line meeting another, Euc. 1 Post.5, etc.; to be placed,

ἐὰν εἰς τὸν κύκλον εὐθεῖα ἐμπέσῃ Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.9

; ἡ ἐμπεσοῦσα ibid.

c of a dislocated limb, fall into place, Hp.Art.8.

2 fall upon, attack,

ἐν δ' ἔπεσον προμάχοις Od.24.526

, cf. Il.16.81;

στρατῷ E.Rh. 127

;

τοῖς πολεμίοις X.Eq.Mag.8.25

, etc.; ἐμπεσόντες having fallen on them, Hdt. 3.146, cf. 7.16.ά: metaph., insult,

ἄλλοισι δ' ἐμπίπτων γελᾷ Pi.I.1.68

; so,

3 of evils, diseases, etc., fall on one, attack,

κακὸν ἔμπεσε οἴκῳ Od.2.45

;

λὺγξ τοῖς πλέοσιν ἐνέπιπτε κενή Th.2.49

;

νόσημα ἐμπέπτωκεν εἰς τὴν Ἑλλάδα D.19.259

;

πρὶν ἐμπεσεῖν σπαραγμόν S. Tr. 1253

; ὕπνος ἐ. Pl.Ti. 45e: of passions, of frames of mind, χόλος, δέος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ, Il.9.436, 17.625;

ἔρως μή τις ἐμπίπτῃ στρατῷ A.Ag. 341

;

Ἔρως, ὃς ἐν κτήμασι πίπτεις S.Ant. 782

(lyr.);

ἐμοὶ.. οἶκτος Id.Ph. 965

;

τοῖς Ἀθηναίοις ἐνέπεσέ τι γέλωτος Th.4.28

;

μὴ λύσσα τις ἡμῖν ἐμπεπτώκοι X.An.5.7.26

;

ἔλεος ἐμπέπτωκέ τίς μοι Philippid.9.1

; ἐ. εἰς .., Hdt.7.43, E.IA 443, Th.2.48 codd., Lys.1.18, etc.: rarely c.acc.,

οὐδείς ποτ' αὐτοὺς.. ἂν ἐμπέσοι ζῆλος S.OC 942

;

ἐμπέπτωκ' ἔρως.. Ἑλλάδα E.IA 808

.

b of words, καί μοι ἔπος ἔμπεσε θυμῷ came into my mind, Od.12.266; λόγος ἐμπέπτωκεν ἀρτίως ἐμοί came to my ears, S.OC 1150; κἂν περὶ ἀνδρῶν γ' ἐμπέσῃ λόγος τις a report arose, Ar.Lys. 858, cf. Pl.R. 354b, Lg. 799d, Thphr.Char.2.2; so τόποι ἐμπίπτοντες available, suitable topics, Hermog.Prog.7, etc., cf. Ph.1.179.

4 light or fall upon, πρὶν ἁλίῳ γυῖον ἐμπεσεῖν before his body was exposed to the sun, Pi.N.7.73; [

θηρία] ἐμπίπτοντα ταῖς ὄψεσι Hdn.3.9.5

; also εἰς τὴν ὄψιν, εἰς τὴν αἴσθησιν, Pl.Ti. 67d, R. 524d.

b fall into,

ἐ. ἐν ἀπορίᾳ Id.Euthd. 293a

;

ἐπὶ συμφορήν Hdt. 7.88

; more freq.

ἐ. εἰς.., ἐ. εἰς ἄτας S.El. 216

(lyr.);

εἰς βάρβαρα φάσγανα E.Hel. 864

;

εἰς ἐνέδραν X.Cyr.8.5.14

;

εἰς ἔρωτα Antiph.235.3

;

εἰς νόσον Antipho 1.20

;

εἰς ὑποψίας Id.2.2.3

;

εἰς φαῦλον σκέμμα Pl.R. 435c

;

εἴς τινα βυθὸν φλυαρίας Id.Prm. 130d

;

εἰς πράγματα D. 18.292

; ἐ. εἰς τὰ πεπραγμένα, in speaking, come upon the exploits, ib.211; εἰς λόγους ib.42, cf. 59.

5 τῷ ἀκοντίῳ ἐ. τῷ ὤμῳ throw oneself on the javelin with one's shoulder, i.e. to give all one's force to the throw, Hp.Aër.20.

6 break in, burst in,

στέγῃ S.OT 1262

;

πύλαις E.Ph. 1146

;

εἰς τὴν θύραν κριηδόν Ar.Lys. 309

; intrude,

εἰς τὸ ἀρχεῖον Arist.Pol. 1270b9

: abs., A.Ag. 1350; ἐμπεσών violently, rashly, Hdt.3.81.

7 εἴς τι fall within the province of, Pl.Tht. 205d;

εἰς τὰς εἰρημένας αἰτίας Arist.Metaph. 986a15

, cf.Rh. 1401b29, Ph. 196b9;

εἰς ἄλλο πρόβλημα Id.Pol. 1268b25

.

b of income, εἰς τὸν λόγον τινὸς ἐ. PLille 16.5 (iii B.C.), cf. POxy.494.21 (ii A.D.).

c of suits, come before,

εἰς δικαστῶν πλῆθος Arist.Pol. 1300b35

, cf. Plu. Sol.18.

8 ἐ. εἰς δεσμωτήριον to be thrown into prison, Din.2.9, cf.D.25.60(abs., get into prison, Luc.Tox.28);

εἰς ζήτρειον Eup.19

D.; so

ἐ. εἰς τὸν Τάρταρον Pl.Phd. 114a

: Com.,

εἰς τὸν οὐρανόν Com.Adesp. 9D.

9 of circumstances, happen, occur, Paus.7.8.4.

10 desert,

πρός τινα LXX 4 Ki.25.11

.

ἐξῐσ-όω,

A make equal or even, bring to a level with,

τινί τινα S.OT 425

; μηδ' ἐξισώσῃς τάσδε τοῖς ἐμοῖς κακοῖς ib. 1507;

ἐ. τοῖς μεγίστοις ἐγκλήμασι τὸ πρᾶγμα Antipho4.2.1

; ἐ. ζυγά bring the teams abreast, S.El. 738:—[voice] Med., make oneself equal,

δράκοντι μῆκος ἐξισουμένην σαύραν Babr.41.2

:—[voice] Pass., to be or become equal, c. dat., Hdt. 2.34,6.111, Pl.R. 563a, etc.; to be reduced to a level with,

τινί Hdt.8.13

; to be a match for, rival, Th.2.97, D.S.2.52;

πρός τινα Plu. Agis 7

.

2 put on a level,

τοὺς πολίτας Ar.Ra. 688

, cf. Isoc.4.91, Arist. Mu. 397a8 ([voice] Pass.).

3 [voice] Pass., φύλοπις οὐκέτ' ἐξισοῦται is levelled, equalized, i.e. resolved in harmony, S.El. 1072 (lyr.); lit.,

ἐξισωθέντος τοῦ μέχρι τῶν τειχῶν διαστήματος

levelled,

J.BJ5.3.5

.

II intr., to be equal or like, μητρὶ δ' οὐδὲν ἐξισοῖ acts in no way like a mother, S. El. 1194;

ἐ. τοῖς ἄλλοις Th.6.87

; τισί make a line of battle equal to the enemy's, Id.5.71.

ἐπέχω, [tense] fut. ἐφέξω (v. infr. IV. 1,2) and

A

ἐπισχήσω E.Andr. 160

, D. 45.88: [tense] aor. ἐπέσχον, imper. ἐπίσχες, inf. ἐπισχεῖν; poet.

ἐπισχέθοι A.Th. 453

(lyr.),

ἐπέσχεθον A.R.4.1622

: [tense] pf.

ἐπέσχηκα Supp.Epigr. 1.362.12

(Samos, iv B.C.):— have or hold upon, θρῆνυν.., τῷ κεν ἐπισχοίης (v.l. ἐπίσχοιας)

λιπαροὺς πόδας Il.14.241

, cf. Od.17.410; ποτῷ κρωσσὸν ἐ. hold it to or for.., Theoc.13.46; λόγον ζωῆς ἐπέχοντες (sc. κόσμῳ) holding it out like a torch, Ep.Phil.2.16:—[voice] Med., hold by,

χειρός A.R.4.751

.

II hold out to, present, offer,

οἶνον ἐπισχών Il. 9.489

;

ἐπέσχε τε οἶνον ἐρυθρόν Od.16.444

;

κοτύλην.. ἐπέσχε Il.22.494

; εἴ ποτέ τοι.. μαζὸν ἐπέσχον ib.83, cf. E.Andr. 225; also γάλακτι δ' οὐκ ἐπέσχον οὐδὲ μαστῷ τροφεῖα ματρός I offered not mother's food with my breast, Id. Ion 1492: c. inf.,

πιεῖν ἐπέσχον Ar.Nu. 1382

: abs., Id. Pax 1167:—[voice] Med., ἐπισχόμενος (sc. τὴν κύλικα) ἐξέπιεν having put it to his lips, Pl.Phd. 117c, cf. Stesich.7, A.R.1.472, Luc.Tox.37;

ἐπὶ χείλεσι.. μαστὸν ἐπισχομένη Euph.92

; present a sum of money, τῇ πόλει Supp.Epigr.l.c.

2 extend, spread out,

τὴν πλεκτάνην Arist. HA 550b6

.

3 simply, hold,

σκῆπτρα IPE2.37

([place name] Panticapaeum); of writings, contain, Philostr.VS2.24.2, cf. 2.9.1.

4 enjoin, impose a task, c. dat. pers., Procop.Arc.17, Vand.1.8.

III hold or direct towards,

ἔπεχε τόξον σκοπῷ Pi.O.2.89

;

ἄλλῳ ἐπεῖχε τόξα E.HF 984

:— [voice] Med., abs., ἐπισχόμενος βάλεν ἰῷ having aimed at him he hit him, Od.22.15.

b intr., aim at, attack, τί μοι ὧδ' ἐπέχεις; why thus launch out against me? 19.71; in tmesi,

ἐπὶ αὐτῷ πάντες ἔχωμεν 22.75

;

ἀλλήλοις ἐ. Hes.Th. 711

;

ἄνδρα ἐπέχοντα τῷ Πύρρῳ Plu.Pyrrh. 16

;

ἐπέχειν ἐπί τινα Hdt.9.59

;

τὰς ἐπὶ σφίσι ναῦς ἐπεχούσας Th.8.105

;

πρός τι Plu.Ant.66

: c. dat., ἀκτῇσιν ἐπέσχεθον held straight for the beach, A.R.4.1766: abs., E.Ba. 1131.

2 ἐπέχειν τὴν διάνοιαν ἐπί τινι direct one's mind to a thing, Pl.Lg. 926b;

τῷ πολέμῳ τὴν γνώμην Plu.Aem.8

, etc.; also ἐ. ἑαυτόν τινι attend to him, Pl.R. 399b codd.

b abs., ἐπέχειν (sc. τὸν νοῦν) intend, purpose, c. inf.,

ἐπεῖχε ἐλλάμψεσθαι Hdt.1.80

, cf. 153, 6.96: c. dat. rei, to be intent upon, ταῖς ἀρχαῖς, διαβάσει, etc., Ar.Lys. 490, Plb.3.43.2, etc.

3 stand facing, face in a line of battle, οὗτοι (sc. οἱ Μῆδοι)

ἐπέσχον Κορινθίους Hdt.9.31

.

IV hold back, keep in check,

ἐπέσχε δὲ καλὰ ῥέεθρα Il. 21.244

;

καὶ πῶς ἐπέσχε χεῖρα μαιμῶσαν φόνου; S.Aj.50

; ἐπισχὼν ἡνίαν ib. 847;

ἐπίσχωμεν τὸ πλεῖν Id.Ph. 881

;

ὀργάς E.Hel. 1642

;

οὐκ ἐφέξετε στόμα; Id.Hec. 1283

; χρησμοὺς ἐ. withhold them, Id.Ph. 866; ἐπέχειν τινὰ τῷ ξύλῳ keep him down with the stick, Ar. Pax 1121;

τὸ εὐθέως ἐπιχειρεῖν Th.7.33

; confine, as the earth a corpse, AP7.461 (Mel.);

ἐ. τῇ χειρὶ τὸ στόμα

cover,

Plu.Cat.Mi.28

;

ἐπέχομεν τὴν ἐκπνοήν Gal.6.172

;

τὰς διαχωρήσεις ἐ. Id.Vict.Att.12

:—[voice] Med.,

ἐπισχόμενος τὰ ὦτα Pl.Smp. 216a

:—[voice] Pass.,

τοῦ βάθους ἐπεσχημένου J. AJ5.1.3

; to be prevented, hindered,

ὑπό τινος PFreib.11.13

(iv A.D.); of the menses, Gal.1.184.

b stay or adjourn proceedings,

τὰ πρὸς Ἀργείους Th.5.46

; τὴν ζημίαν καὶ τὴν κατασκαφήν ib.63;

τὴν δίαιταν D.21.84

; suspend payments, in [voice] Pass., PTeb.337.4 (ii/iii A.D.), cf. PGiss.48.11 (iii A.D.).

c

ἐ. τινά τινος

stop, hinder from,

E.Andr. 160

, Ar.Lys. 742, D.S.13.87: c. inf., σε μήτε νὺξ μήτε ἡμέρα ἐπισχέτω ὥστε ἀνεῖναι.. let them not stop thee so that thou neglect.., Th.1.129;

ἐ. τινὰ μὴ πράσσειν τι S.El. 517

, Ph. 349;

κλαυθμυρίζον τὸ βρέφος ἐπισχεῖν μὴ δυνάμεναι Sor.1.88

:—[voice] Pass., μηδενὸς ἐπεχομένου no objection being taken, PTeb.327.37 (ii A.D.).

d impers.,

ἐπέχει

there is a hindrance,

Astramps.Orac.97.3

.

2 abs., stay, pause,

Ἀντίνοος δ' ἔτ' ἐπεῖχε Od.21.186

; refrain, Hdt.1.32, 5.51, 7.139; εἰ δ' ἐφέξετον if you tarry, S.El. 1369, etc.: folld. by a Conj., esp. in imper., ἐπίσχες ἢν.. wait and see whether.., E.Supp. 397;

ἐπίσχες ἔστ' ἂν.. προσμάθῃς A.Pr. 697

;

ἐ. ἕως.. D.4.1

;

μέχρι τοσούτου ἔως.. Th.1.90

; ἐπίσχες, abs., hold! stop! A.Ch. 896, S.OC 856, etc.;

ἐπίσχετε, μηδὲ συρίξητε Timocl.2.6D.

;

ἐπίσχετον, μάθωμεν S.Ph. 539

, cf. E. Hipp. 567; in part.,

ἐπισχὼν ὀλίγον χρόνον Hdt.1.132

, al.; τὸ ἐπισχεῖν, opp. τὸ παραχρῆμα, Antipho 5.73; οὐ πολὺν χρόνον ἐπισχὼν ἧκεν came after a short interval, Pl.Phd. 59e; μικρὸν ἐπισχόντα διεφθείροντο they very shortly died, Thphr.HP4.4.13, cf. Diocl.Fr.43; in Th.2.81 οὐκ ἐπέσχον τὸ στρατόπεδον καταλαβεῖν did not halt for the purpose of occupying a camp (unless it, = ' had no intention of occupying').

b c. gen. rei, stop or cease from,

ἐπίσχες τοῦ δρόμου Ar.Av. 1200

;

τῆς πορείας X.Cyr.4.2.12

;

τούτου Th.8.31

; also

ἐ. περί τινος Id.5.32

, cf. 8.5: so c. inf., leave off, cease to do, X.Mem.3.6.10: c. part., cease doing,

ἀναλῶν οὐκ ἐφέξεις Ar.Eq. 915

(lyr.), cf. E.Ph. 449.

c as technical term of the Sceptics, suspend judgement, doubt, Str.2.1.11, Ph.1.387, S.E.P.1.196;

ἐ. ἐν τοῖς ἀδήλοις Plu. 2.955c

;

< πρὸς> τὰ ἄδηλα Arr. Epict.1.7.5

.

3 [voice] Med., maintain reserve,

ἐπείχετο [ἡ σύγκλητος] κατὰ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Plb.30.19.17

(s. v.l.).

V reach or extend over a space,

ἐπτὰ δ' ἐπέσχε πέλεθρα Il. 21.407

; ὁπόσσον ἐπέσχε πυρὸς μένος so far as the fire reached, 23.238, cf. Hdt.7.19, Th.2.77, f.l. in Hp.Aër.5, etc.: [tense] aor. [voice] Med., ἐπέσχετο he lay outstretched, Hes. Th. 177;

βούβρωστις ἐπέσχετο κόσμον

prevailed over..,

Epigr.Gr.793.5

([place name] Apollonia);

ἀφορία ἐ. τὸν βίον Longin.44.1

.

VI have power over, occupy a country,

οἱ Σκύθαι τὴν Ἀσίην πᾶσαν ἐπέσχον Hdt.1.104

, cf. 108, 8.32, Th.2.101, 7.62, etc.; of things, ἐπ' ὀκτὼ μῆνας Κυρηναίους ὀπώρη ἐ. occupies or engages them, Hdt.4.199;

τὴν πόλιν ἐπεῖχε κλαυθμός Plu.Oth.17

; ὧν τὰς χρόας τὸ

ἡμερινὸν φῶς ἐ.

overspreads,

Pl.R. 508c

:

κραυγῆς ἐπεχούσης τὴν ἐκκλησίαν D.S.13.87

;

πρὸ τοῦ τὰ σώματα τὰς ὠδῖνας ἐπισχεῖν Sor.2.53

: generally, occupy, τὴν κρατίστην μοῖραν ἐ. hold the foremost place, Longin.9.1, cf. 44.12;

ὕλης ἐ. τάξιν Stoic.3.27

;

τὴν γῆν κέντρου λόγον ἐπέχουσαν D.L.7.155

, cf. Placit.3.Praef.;

τὸν τέλειον ἐ. λόγον Gal.19.160

; δίκην ἐπέχειν ἡμᾶς φυτῶν we are like plants, MenoIatr. 6.18.

2 abs., prevail, predominate,

ἢν μὴ λαμπρὸς ἄνεμος ἐπέχῃ Hdt.2.96

;

σεισμοὶ ἐπέσχον ἐπὶ πλεῖστον μέρος γῆς Th.1.23

; πάντῃ ἐπεῖχε γαλήνη Timo 63; [

τῶν νεῶν] ἐπὶ πολὺ τῆς θαλάσσης ἐπεχουσῶν

being spread over..,

Th.1.50

;

τὴν [τύχην].., ἣ νῦν ἐπέχει D.18.253

;

ἐτησίων ἐπεχόντων Plb.5.5.6

.

b of Time, continue,

τὴν θύραν ἐπεῖχε κρούων Ar.Ec. 317

;

ἐπέχων καὶ οὐκ ἀνιείς

continuously,

Pl.Tht. 165e

;

ἐπὶ πλείους ἡμέρας ὁ σεισμὸς ἐπεῖχεν D.C.68.25

; σκότος, νὺξ ἐπέσχε, came on, Plu.Mar.20, Crass.30, etc.

VII [voice] Med., [tense] fut. ἐπιέξομαι, meet, Orac. in Michel855.39 (Magn. Mae.).

ἐπιπροσ-θέω,

A to be before or in the way, Thphr.Vent.32; of occultations or eclipses, Zeno Stoic.1.34, Chrysipp.ib.2.199, Procl.Hyp. 5.14, al.; but

τούτοις ἐ. <ἡ> ἡλίου ἀνταύγεια Ascl.Tact.12.10

; μηδὲν ἔχειν τὸ -προσθοῦν τοῖς πνεύμασι protection from the wind, Ath.Med. ap.Orib.9.12.1: c. dat., Hp.Medic.7, etc.; τὸ μέσον ἐ. τοῖς πέρασι stands before, intercepts the view of, Arist.Top. 148b27; ἐ. τοῖς πύργοις is in a line with them, so as to cover one with the other, Plb.1.47.2: metaph.,

ἡ ὀργὴ.. πολλάκις τοῖς καταλαμβανομένοις-προσθεῖ Chrysipp.Stoic.3.95

;

τὸν χρόνον -προσθοῦντα τῇ γνώσει τῶν πραγμάτων Plu. Per.13

; veil, Longin.32.1:—[voice] Pass., to be occulted, Theo Sm.p.193 H.: metaph.,ὑπὸ τῶν σαρκῶν -ουμένη [ψυχή] Max.Tyr.15.6; περισπασμοῖς Hierocl.p.53A.;

ὑπ' αἰδοῦς Parth.17.3

; [τὴντραγῳδίαν] ὑπὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων ἐπιπροσθουμένην obscured, Melanthiusap.Plu.2.41d.

ἰθύν-ω, [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf.

A

ἰθύνεσκον Q.S.1.273

, al., Hymn.Is.153: [tense] aor. 1

ἴθυνα Od.23.197

:—[voice] Med. (v. infr. 2), [tense] aor. 1 inf.

ἰθύνασθαι Q.S.14.500

:—[voice] Pass., [tense] aor. 1

ἰθύνθην Il.16.475

: [tense] pf.

ἴθυμμαι D.P.341

,

ἀπ-ίθυνται Hp.Fract.7

: ( ἰθύς A). [ ῑθῡνω: ῐ- only in APl. 74]:—[dialect] Ion. and [dialect] Ep. for εὐθύνω (sts. used in Trag., generally with v.l. εὐθυν-; never in Com. or [dialect] Att. Prose), make straight, straighten, ἐπὶ στάθμην ἴθυνεν by the rule, Od.5.245, 23.197, al.:—[voice] Pass.,

ἐκ στάθμης ἰθυμμένος D.P.

l.c.

2 guide in a straight line, ἵππους τε καὶ ἅρμ' ἰθύνομεν ([dialect] Ep. for - ωμεν) let us drive them straight, Il.11.528; νῆα θοὴν ἰθύνει [the pilot] keeps it straight, 23.317;

τὴν δ' ἄνεμός τε κυβερνήτης τ' ἴθυνε Od.11.10

, etc.; τρόπιν Hymn.Is.l.c.; ἰ. δρόμον, κῶλον, E.Hipp. 1227 (v.l. εὐθ-), Or. 1016 (lyr.);

κέντρα Id.Ph. 178

(lyr.); βέλος δ' ἴθυνεν Ἀθήνη she sped it straight, Il.5.290: in late Prose,

λεπτοὶ ὕπνοι ἰθύνοντες τὰ σιτία Philostr.Gym.48

:—[voice] Med., guide or steer for oneself, of missiles, ἐπ' Ἀντινόῳ ἰθύνετο πικρὸν ὀϊστόν aimed his arrow straight at.., Od.22.8; πηδαλίῳ ἰθύνετο (sc. σχεδίην) 5.270;

ἡνίοχος ἰθύνετο ἅρμα Hes.Sc. 324

: c. gen., ἀλλήλων ἰθυνομένων.. δοῦρα as they drove their spears straight at each other, Il.6.3:—[voice] Pass., run straight or evenly, of horses yoked abreast,

τὼ δ' ἰθυνθήτην Il.16.475

(but, to be guided, οὐ γὰρ ἄτερ μάστιγος ἰθύνεται ἵππος APl. l.c.); of a boat, to be steered, Hdt.1.194.

3 guide, direct, rule,

Ζεὺς.. πάντ' ἰθύνει Il.17.632

;

ἀμηχανίη ἰ. νόον Parm.6.6

; ἰ. στρατόν (corr. from ηὔθ- in cod. M) A.Pers. 773; ἰ. ἑορτάς Orac. ap. D.21.52;

ζωήν AP6.68

(Jul.Aegypt.); of a judge, μύθους ἰ. put straight, rectify unjust judgements, Hes.Op. 263 (dub.), cf. Call.Jov.83; ἰ. τὸ πλέον τινί adjudge the greater part to him, Theoc.5.71:—[voice] Pass., ἰθύνεσθαι θανάτῳ to be visited with the penalty of death, Hdt.2.177.

ὀβελ-ός, [dialect] Dor. [full] ὀδελός, ὁ,

A spit,

ἀμφ' ὀβελοῖσιν ἔπειραν Il.1.465

, al., cf. Hdt.2.41, 135, E.Cyc. 303 ;

αἱματίου ὀβελὸς τρικώλιος SIG1025.53

([place name] Cos) ;

ὀδελοί Epich.79

; κρῆς.. ἂν τὸν ὀδελὸν ἀμπεπαρμένον Megar. in Ar.Ach. 796 ; τὸ θερμὸν τοῦ ὀ., prov. of taking a thing by the wrong end, S.Fr. 814.

2

ὀ. λίθινος

pointed square pillar, obelisk,

Hdt.2.111

, 170, Jul.Ep.59.

3 = ὀβολός, IG12.6.95, al., Milet.7.59:—so in [dialect] Dor. form [full] ὀδελός, Leg.Gort.2.14, GDI5011.5 (Crete, iv B. C.), ib. 2561 D 27, al. (Delph., iv B. C.), etc.: Thess. [full] ὀβελλός IG9(2).1229.20.

II horizontal line,—(representation of an arrow acc. to Isid.Etym.1.21.3), used as a critical mark to point out that a passage was spurious, Gal.15.110, Luc.Pr.Im.24, Sch.Il. ip.xliii Dind. ; with an asterisk to denote misplaced lines, ibid. ; but with one point below and one above, <*>, ὀ. περιεστιγμένος, in texts of Plato, denoted τὰς εἰκαίους ἀθετήσεις, D.L.3.66.

ὁμᾰλ-ός, ή, όν, ([etym.] ὁμός, ἅμα) of a surface,

A even, level,

οἱ δ' ὁμαλὸν ποίησαν Od.9.327

: freq. in Prose, opp. τραχύς, X.An.4.6.12, cf. SIG996.32 ([place name] Smyrna), etc. ; ἐν τῷ ὁ., ἐς τὸ ὁ., on (to) level ground, Th.5.65, X. An.4.2.16 : [comp] Sup.

- ώτατον Th.4.31

, cf. Hp.Aër.13 ; λεῖον καὶ ὁ... σῶμα ἐποίησε smooth and even, Pl.Ti. 34b.

2 uniform in consistency, of a sediment, Hp.Prog.12, cf. Judic.3, Gal.9.605.

3 of sound,

φωνὴ ὁ. καὶ λεία Pl.Ti. 67b

, cf. Arist.HA 581a19.

4 even, equable,

κατάτασις δικαίη καὶ ὁ. Hp.Fract.30

; of motion, Arist.Ph. 223a1, etc. ;

δίνη Epicur.Ep.2p.53U.

; τὸ ὁ. καὶ σύμμετρον, opp. τὸ ἄκρατον, Pl.Lg. 773a ; τὸ ὁ. consistency, of ἦθος, Arist.Po. 1454a26. Adv. -λῶς, ἀνώμαλος regularly irregular, ib. a27.

5 of circumstances, on a level, equal,

- ώτεραι ἂν αἱ οὐσίαι εἶεν Id.Pol. 1309a25

; ὁ. ὁ γάμος marriage with an equal, A.Pr. 901 (lyr.) ;

ὁ. ἔρωτες Theoc.12.10

; ἀλλάλοις ὁμαλοί on a level with one another, equal, Id.15.50, cf. Erinn.4.2 ;

ὁ. βίος IG14.463

. Adv. -λῶς, ἡ δίαιθ' ὁ. διάκειται is equable, Critias 6.25.

6 not remarkable, middling, average, ὁ. στρατιώτης an ordinary sort of soldier, Theoc.14.56.

II Adv. ὁμαλῶς (cf. supr. 1.4,5) evenly,

ἀλείφειν καὶ περιστέλλειν ὁ. Hp.Acut.17

; ὁ. βαίνειν march in an even line, Th.5.70 ;

ὁ. προϊέναι X.An.1.8.14

; ὁ. ῥίπτειν, σπείρειν, Id.Oec.17.7, 20.3 ;

κινεῖσθαι Arist.Ph. 238a21

, cf. Epicur.Ep.2pp.49,51 U. ;

εὐφραίνεσθαι Id.Sent.Vat.48

.

2 on terms of equalily,

ὁ. βιῶναι Isoc.4.151

; πραγμάτων ὁ. πάντων of all alike, Plu.Per.6 ; πάντες ὁ. ib.10, etc. ;

ὁ. πανταχοῦ Damox.2.30

.—Cf. ὁμαλής.

ῥήγνῡμι or [suff] ῥηγ-ύω (

A

ἀναρ- Hp.Flat.10

: [tense] impf.

κατ-ερρήγνυε D.21.63

, etc.); later [full] ῥήσσω, Gal.10.640, Orib.Fr.93, Gloss.;

ῥήσσεσθαι PHolm.6.3

, cf. 4.22; ἀπο-, δια-ρρήσσεσθαι, Hp.Int.17,42; [full] ῥήττω, Str.11.14.8, Dsc.4.150 (v.l. ῥήσσει), ([etym.] περι-) Id.2.98, 3.18 (v.l. περιρρήσσει)

; ῥήττεσθαι Bito 45.8

, Str.7.3.18: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.

ῥήγνυσκε Il.7.141

: [tense] fut.

ῥήξω 12.262

, Hdt.2.2, ([etym.] ἐκ-) S.Aj. 775: [tense] aor.

ἔρρηξα Il.3.348

, Pi.N.8.29, Ar.Nu. 960;

ῥῆξα Il.6.6

: [tense] pf. ἔρρηχα ([etym.] δι-) LXX 2 Ki.14.30, 15.32:—[voice] Med. ῥήγνῠμαι, [tense] fut. ῥήξομαι, [tense] aor. ἐρρηξάμην, all in Il. (12.257, 224, 291), [tense] pres. also in Hp.VC4,12: [tense] aor.

ἐρρηξάμην E.Heracl. 835

, ([etym.] κατ-) X.Cyr.3.1.13; [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3pl.

ῥήξαντο Il.11.90

:—[voice] Pass., subj.

ῥήγνῡται Hippon.19.4

: [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg. [tense] impf.

ῥηγνύατο Arat.817

: [tense] fut.

ῥᾰγήσομαι Plu.2.668a

, ([etym.] διαρ-, ἐκ-) Ar.Eq. 340, A.Pr. 369, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐρράγην [ᾰ] S.Fr. 578, Ar.Nu. 583, etc.; later ἐρρήχθην, Tryph.11; δια-ρρηχθῇ (v.l. -ρραγῇ) Hp.Int.29: [tense] pf. ἔρρηγμαι ([etym.] συν-) Od.8.137; but intr. [tense] pf. ἔρρωγα is more freq., v. infr. c. 1; [tense] pf. part. fem. ἐρρηγεῖα, v. infr. c. 2; masc. pl.

κατ-ερρηγότας Hsch.

The word is hardly used by correct [dialect] Att. Prose-writers, exc. in [voice] Pass.:—break asunder, rend, shatter,

τεῖχος Il.12.198

;

πύλας 13.124

;

σάκος 21.165

;

θώρηκας 2.544

;

ἱμάντα 3.375

;

νευρήν 8.328

;

ὀστέον 20.399

;

χρόα 23.673

; only once in Od.,

προτόνους ἔρρηξ' ἀνέμοιο θύελλα 12.409

:—later, esp. rend garments, in sign of grief,

ῥ. πέπλους A.Pers. 199

, 468; ῥ. ἕλκεα make grievous wounds, Pi.N.8.29; ῥ. ὀστᾶ, σάρκας, E.HF 994, Ba. 1130;

ἀρότροις γῆς δάπεδον Ar.Pl. 515

: in [dialect] Ion. and later Prose,

ῥήγνυσι.. τὸν ἀμφὶ τὴν ὄψιν χιτῶνα Hp.VM19

;

ῥήττειν νευράν Str.15.1.57

;

τὰ δεσμά Luc.DDeor.17.1

;

τὰς πύλας Id.Par.46

;

μὴ στραφέντες ῥήξωσιν ὑμᾶς Ev.Matt.7.6

:—[voice] Med., break for oneself, get broken,

ὄρνυσθ'.. ῥήγνυσθε δὲ τεῖχος Il.12.440

, cf. 224, 257, 291:—[voice] Pass., v. infr. B.

2 break a line of battle or body of men, ῥ. φάλαγγα, ὅμιλον, στίχας ἀνδρῶν, Il.6.6, 11.538, 15.615; τὸ μέσον ῥῆξαι break through the centre, Hdt. 6.113: abs., ἐρρηξάτην ἐς κύκλα.. ὅπλων broke through, S.Fr.210.9:— [voice] Med., ῥήξασθαι φάλαγγας, στίχας, break oneself a way through the lines, Il.11.90, 13.680, cf. E.Heracl. 835;

ῥηξαμένῳ θέσθαι παρὰ νηυσὶ κέλευθον Il.12.411

.

3 let break loose, ἔριδα ῥ. 20.55 ([voice] Med.).

4 after Hom., ῥῆξαι φωνήν let loose the voice, of children and persons who have been dumb or silent, break into speech, speak out, Hdt.1.85, 2.2, 5.93, cf. Ar.Nu. 357, 960;

ῥῆξαι αὐδήν E.Supp. 710

; later ῥήξασθαι φωνήν, θρόον αὐδῆς, φθόγγον, utter, AP5.221 (Agath.), 7.597 (Jul.), 9.61: abs., ῥῆξον καὶ βόησον cry aloud, LXXIs.54.1; v. infr.c.

5 also δακρύων ῥήξασα.. νάματα having let loose, having burst into floods of tears, S.Tr. 919; κλαυθμὸν ῥ. Plu.Per.36;

ῥ. τὰ ὄρη εὐφροσύνην LXX Is.49.13

;

ῥήγνυσι πηγὰς ὁ χῶρος Plu.Mar.19

;

ῥ. νεφέλην ἔς τινας Philostr.Im.2.27

; v. infr. B.

B [voice] Pass., break, break asunder, burst,

κῦμα ῥήγνυτο Il.18.67

;

κῦμα.. χέρσῳ ῥηγνύμενον 4.425

, Hes.Sc. 377; of clouds, Ar.Nu. 378; ῥαγῆναί τι τῆς γῆς, as in an earthquake, Pl.R. 359d;

ῥαγεῖσα Θηβαίων κόνις S.Fr. 958

;

ἱμάτια ῥαγέντα X.Cyr.1.6.16

;

ὀστέον ῥήγνυται τιτρωσκόμενον Hp.VC4

; ῥήττονται ὑδρίαι (by the cold) Str.7.3.18; τοῖς βασκάνοις εἶναι ῥήγνυσθαι may the envious burst, Aristid.Or.50 (26).69;

τοῖς εἴ τις εὐδοκιμήσειεν ἐπί τῳ ῥηγνυμένοις Lib.Or.29.13

, cf. Or.1.207.

2 burst forth, like lightning, βροντὴ δ' ἐρράγη δι'

ἀστραπῆς S.Fr. 578

, Ar.Nu. 583, cf. Plu.2.919b; so

καταμηνίων ῥαγέντων Hp.Aph.5.32

, cf. Nat.Mul.13, Arist.HA 582b10, etc.

3 of ships, to be wrecked, D.56.21: metaph.,

πολλῶν ῥαγεισῶν ἐλπίδων A.Ag. 505

.

4 of a stone, γράμματι ῥηγνύμενον scored with lettering, i.e. inscribed, Puchstein Epigr.Gr.p.76 (Memphis, i B.C.).

C intr., like [voice] Pass., break or burst forth,

ἔρρηξεν ἔμετος Hp.Epid. 4.24

;

τὸ πνεῦμα ῥήγνυσι Id.Nat.Puer.12

;

εἰ ἐθελήσει ῥήξας ὑπερβῆναι ὁ ποταμός Hdt.2.99

: metaph.,

ὁποῖα χρῄζει ῥηγνύτω S.OT 1076

(in answer to the words δέδοιχ' ὅπως μὴ.. ἀναρρήξει κακά): freq. in this signf. in [tense] pf. ἔρρωγα, to have broken out,

ἔρρωγε παγὰ δακρύων Id.Tr. 852

(lyr.): metaph.,

κακῶν πέλαγος ἔρρωγεν A.Pers. 433

;

τάδ' ἐκ δυοῖν ἔρρωγεν.. κακά S.OT 1280

;

σοὶ τάδ' ἔρρωγεν κακά E.Hipp. 1338

;

ἐρρωγότες λόγοι

broken, disjointed,

Com.Adesp.661

.

2 in lit. sense, γῆ ἐρρηγεῖα ([etym.] - υῖα) broken, arable, opp. ἄρρηκτος, Tab.Heracl.1.18,al. ( ϝρηγ- (cf. [dialect] Aeol. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. εὐράγη Hdn.Gr.2.640, ϝρῆξις, αὔρηκτος), cogn. with Lith. rēžti 'cut, notch, furrow', rúožas 'stripe, streak, strip'.)

παρουσία, ας, ἡ (πάρειμι; Trag., Thu.+)

① the state of being present at a place, presence (Aeschyl. et al.; Herm. Wr. 1, 22; OGI 640, 7, SIG 730, 14; Did.; cp. Hippol., Ref. 7, 32, 8 ‘existence’) 1 Cor 16:17; Phil 2:12 (opp. ἀπουσία). ἡ π. τοῦ σώματος ἀσθενής his bodily presence is weak i.e. when he is present in person, he appears to be weak 2 Cor 10:10.—Of God (Jos., Ant. 3, 80; 203; 9, 55) τῆς παρουσίας αὐτοῦ δείγματα proofs of his presence Dg 7:9 (cp. Diod S 3, 66, 3 σημεῖα τῆς παρουσίας τοῦ θεοῦ; 4, 24, 1).

② arrival as the first stage in presence, coming, advent (Soph., El. 1104; Eur., Alc. 209; Thu. 1, 128, 5. Elsewh. mostly in later wr.: Polyb. 22, 10, 14; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 11, 18 Jac.; Diod S 15, 32, 2; 19, 64, 6; Dionys. Hal. 1, 45, 4; ins, pap; Jdth 10:18; 2 Macc 8:12; 15:21; 3 Macc 3:17; TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 26 [Stone p. 4]; Jos., Bell. 4, 345, Vi. 90; Tat. 39, 3).

ⓐ of human beings, in the usual sense 2 Cor 7:6f. ἡ ἐμὴ π. πάλιν πρὸς ὑμᾶς my coming to you again, my return to you Phil 1:26.—RFunk, JKnox Festschr. ’67, 249–68.

ⓑ in a special technical sense (difft. JWalvoord, BiblSacr 101, ’44, 283–89 on παρ., ἀποκάλυψις, ἐπιφάνεια) of Christ (and the Antichrist). The use of π. as a t.t. has developed in two directions. On the one hand the word served as a sacred expr. for the coming of a hidden divinity, who makes his presence felt by a revelation of his power, or whose presence is celebrated in the cult (Diod S 3, 65, 1 ἡ τοῦ θεοῦ π. of Dionysus upon earth; 4, 3, 3; Ael. Aristid. 48, 30; 31 K.=24 p. 473 D.; Porphyr., Philos. Ex Orac. Haur. II p. 148 Wolff; Iambl., Myst. 2, 8; 3, 11; 5, 21; Jos., Ant. 3, 80; 203; 9, 55; report of a healing fr. Epidaurus: SIG 1169, 34).—On the other hand, π. became the official term for a visit of a person of high rank, esp. of kings and emperors visiting a province (Polyb. 18, 48, 4; CIG 4896, 8f; SIG 495, 85f; 741, 21; 30; UPZ 42, 18 [162 B.C.]; PTebt 48, 14; 116, 57 [both II B.C.]; O. Wilck II, 1372; 1481. For the verb in this sense s. BGU XIII, 2211, 5.—O. Wilck I 274ff; Dssm., LO 314ff [LAE 372ff]; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. after the expl. of 1 Th 2:20). These two technical expressions can approach each other closely in mng., can shade off into one another, or even coincide (Ins. von Tegea: BCH 25, 1901 p. 275 ἔτους ξθ´ ἀπὸ τῆς θεοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ τὸ πρῶτον ἰς τὴν Ελλάδα παρουσίας).—Herm. Wr. 1, 26 uses π. of the advent of the pilgrim in the eighth sphere.

α. of Christ, and nearly always of his Messianic Advent in glory to judge the world at the end of this age: Mt 24:3 (PSchoonheim, Een semasiolog. onderzoek van π. ’53); 1 Cor 1:8 v.l.; 15:23; 2 Th 2:8 (on the expr. ἐπιφάνεια παρουσίας s. FPfister, Pauly-W. Suppl. IV ’24, 322); 2 Pt 3:4; 1J 2:28; Dg 7:6; Hs 5, 5, 3. ἡ π. τοῦ υἱοῦ τ. ἀνθρώπου Mt 24:27, 37, 39 (cp. the suggestion of retribution SIG 741, 21–23; 31f). ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου 1 Th 4:15; Js 5:7f. ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ 1 Th 3:13; cp. 2:19. ἡ π. τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ 5:23; 2 Th 2:1 (on the use in 1 and 2 Th s. RGundry, NTS 33, ’87, 161–78); 2 Pt 1:16 (δύναμις w. παρουσία as Jos., Ant. 9, 55; cp. Ael. Aristid. 48, 30 K. [both passages also b above]).—This explains the expr. ἡ π. τῆς τοῦ θεοῦ ἡμέρας the coming of the Day of God 2 Pt 3:12.—EvDobschütz, Zur Eschatologie der Ev.: StKr 84, 1911, 1–20; FTillmann, D. Wiederkunft Christi nach den paulin. Briefen 1909; FGuntermann, D. Eschatol. des hl. Pls ’32; BBrinkmann, D. Lehre v. d. Parusie b. hl. Pls u. im Hen.: Biblica 13, ’32, 315–34; 418–34; EHaack, E. exeg.-dogm. Studie z. Eschatol. über 1 Th 4:13–18: ZST 15, ’38, 544–69; OCullmann, Le retour de Christ² ’45; WKümmel, Verheissg. u. Erfüllg.² ’53; TGlasson, The Second Advent ’45; AFeuillet, CHDodd Festschr. ’56 (Mt and Js).—On delay of the Parousia WMichaelis, Wikenhauser Festschr. ’53, 107–23; EGrässer, D. Problem der Parousieverzögerung (synopt and Ac), ’57.—JATRobinson, Jesus and His Coming, ’57.

β. in our lit. prob. only in a few late pass. of Jesus’ advent in the Incarnation (so TestLevi 8:15; TestJud 22:2; Just., A I, 52, 3, D. 14, 8; 40, 4; 118, 2 ἐν τῇ πάλιν παρουσίᾳ; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 52; 8, 5; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 68, 5; Hippol., Ref. 9, 30, 5) τὴν παρουσίαν τοῦ σωτῆρος, κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τὸ πάθος αὐτοῦ καὶ τὴν ἀνάστασιν IPhld 9:2; PtK 4 p. 15, 33. But 2 Pt 1:16 (s. α above) can hardly be classed here.

γ. Sense α gave rise to an opposing use of π. to designate the coming of the Antichrist (s. ἄνομος 4; Iren. 3, 7, 2 [Harv. II 26f]; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 45, 5) in the last times οὗ ἐστιν ἡ π. κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ σατανᾶ whose coming is in keeping with / in line with Satan’s power 2 Th 2:9. KThraede, Grundzüge griechisch-römischer Brieftopik ’70, 95–106.—New Docs 4, 167f. DELG s.v. εἰμί. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

υἱός, οῦ, ὁ (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) prim. ‘son’

① a male who is in a kinship relationship either biologically or by legal action, son, offspring, descendant

ⓐ the direct male issue of a person, son τέξεται υἱόν Mt 1:21; GJs 14:2 (cp. Mel., P. 8, 53 ὡς γὰρ υἱὸς τεχθείς). Cp. Mt 1:23 (Is 7:14) and 25; 10:37 (w. θυγάτηρ); Mk 12:6a; Lk 1:13, 31, 57; 11:11; 15:11 (on this JEngel, Die Parabel v. Verlorenen Sohn: ThGl 18, 1926, 54–64; MFrost, The Prodigal Son: Exp. 9th ser., 2, 1924, 56–60; EBuonaiuti, Religio 11, ’35, 398–402); Ac 7:29; Ro 9:9 (cp. Gen 18:10); Gal 4:22 al. W. gen. Mt 7:9; 20:20f; 21:37ab; Mk 6:3; 9:17; Lk 3:2; 4:22; 15:19; J 9:19f; Ac 13:21; 16:1; 23:16; Gal 4:30abc (Gen 21:10abc); Js 2:21; AcPlCor 2:29. Also ἐγὼ Φαρισαῖός εἰμι υἱὸς Φαρισαίων Ac 23:6 is prob. a ref. to direct descent. μονογενὴς υἱός (s. μονογενής 1) Lk 7:12. ὁ υἱὸς ὁ πρωτότοκος (πρωτότοκος 1) 2:7.

ⓑ the immediate male offspring of an animal (Ps 28:1 υἱοὺς κριῶν; Sir 38:25. So Lat. filius: Columella 6, 37, 4) in our lit. only as foal ἐπὶ πῶλον υἱὸν ὑποζυγίου Mt 21:5 (cp. Zech 9:9 πῶλον νέον).

ⓒ human offspring in an extended line of descent, descendant, son Ἰωσὴφ υἱὸς Δαυίδ Mt 1:20 (cp. Jos., Ant. 11, 73); s. 2dα below. υἱοὶ Ἰσραήλ (Ἰσραήλ 1) Mt 27:9; Lk 1:16; Ac 5:21; 7:23, 37; 9:15; 10:36; Ro 9:27; 2 Cor 3:7, 13; Hb 11:22 al.; AcPlCor 2:32. οἱ υἱοὶ Λευί (Num 26:57) Hb 7:5. υἱὸς Ἀβραάμ Lk 19:9. υἱοὶ Ἀδάμ 1 Cl 29:2 (Dt 32:8). υἱοι Ῥουβήλ GJs 6:3.

ⓓ one who is accepted or legally adopted as a son (Herodian 5, 7, 1; 4; 5; Jos, Ant. 2, 263; 20, 150) Ac 7:21 (cp. Ex 2:10).—J 19:26.

② a pers. related or closely associated as if by ties of sonship, son, transf. sense of 1

ⓐ of a pupil, follower, or one who is otherw. a spiritual son (SIG 1169, 12 οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ θεοῦ=the pupils and helpers [40] of Asclepius; sim. Maximus Tyr. 4, 2c; Just., D. 86, 6 οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν προφητῶν.—Some combination w. παῖδες is the favorite designation for those who are heirs of guild-secrets or who are to perpetuate a skill of some kind: Pla., Rep. 3, 407e, Leg. 6, 769b; Dionys. Hal., Comp. Verbi 22 p. 102, 4 Us./Rdm. ῥητόρων παῖδες; Lucian, Anach. 19, Dial. Mort. 11, 1 Χαλδαίων π.=dream-interpreters, Dips. 5 ἱατρῶν π., Amor. 49; Himerius, Or. 48 [=Or. 14], 13 σοφῶν π.): the ‘sons’ of the Pharisees Mt 12:27; Lk 11:19. Peter says Μᾶρκος ὁ υἱός μου 1 Pt 5:13 (perh. w. a component of endearment; s. Μᾶρκος). As a familiar form of address by a cherished mentor Hb 12:5 (Pr 3:11; ParJer 5:28; 7:24). υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες B 1:1.

ⓑ of the individual members of a large and coherent group (cp. the υἷες Ἀχαιῶν in Homer; also PsSol 2:3 οἱ υἱοὶ Ἰερουσαλήμ; Dio Chrys. 71 [21], 15; LXX) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ λαοῦ μου 1 Cl 8:3 (scripture quot. of unknown origin). υἱοὶ γένους Ἀβραάμ Ac 13:26. οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων (Gen 11:5; Ps 11:2, 9; 44:3; TestLevi 3:10; TestZeb 9:7; GrBar 2:4) the sons of men=humans (cp. dγ below) Mk 3:28; Eph 3:5; 1 Cl 61:2 (of the earthly rulers in contrast to the heavenly king).

ⓒ of one whose identity is defined in terms of a relationship with a person or thing

α. of those who are bound to a personality by close, non-material ties; it is this personality that has promoted the relationship and given it its character: son(s) of: those who believe are υἱοὶ Ἀβραάμ, because Abr. was the first whose relationship to God was based on faith Gal 3:7. In a special sense the devout, believers, are sons of God, i.e., in the light of the social context, people of special status and privilege (cp. PsSol 17:27; Just., D, 124, 1; Dio Chrys. 58 [75], 8 ὁ τοῦ Διὸς ὄντως υἱός; Epict. 1, 9, 6; 1, 3, 2; 1, 19, 9; Sextus 58; 60; 135; 376a; Dt 14:1; Ps 28:1; 72:15; Is 43:6 [w. θυγατέρες μου]; 45:11; Wsd 2:18; 5:5; 12:21 al.; Jdth 9:4, 13; Esth 8:12q; 3 Macc 6:28; SibOr 3, 702) Mt 5:45; Lk 6:35; Ro 8:14, 19 (‘Redeemer figures’ EFuchs, Die Freiheit des Glaubens, ’49, 108; against him EHommel in ThViat 4, ’52, 118, n. 26); 9:26 (Hos 2:1); 2 Cor 6:18 (w. θυγατέρες, s. Is 43:6 cited above); Gal 3:26 (cp. PsSol 17:27); 4:6a, 7ab (here the υἱός is the κληρονόμος and his opposite is the δοῦλος); Hb 2:10 (JKögel, Der Sohn u. die Söhne: Eine exeget. Studie zu Hb 2:5–18, 1904); 12:5–8 (in vs. 8 opp. νόθος, q.v.); Rv 21:7; 2 Cl 1:4; B 4:9. Corresp. there are sons of the devil (on this subj. cp. Hdb. on J 8:44) υἱὲ διαβόλου Ac 13:10. οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ (masc.) Mt 13:38b. τοῦ υἱοῦ τοῦ ἐν Ἅιδου ApcPt Rainer. In υἱοί ἐστε τῶν φονευσάντων τοὺς προφήτας Mt 23:31 this mng. is prob. to be combined w. sense 1c. The expr. υἱοὶ θεοῦ Mt 5:9 looks to the future (s. Betz, SM ad loc.; cp. KKöhler, StKr 91, 1918, 189f). Lk 20:36a signifies a status akin to that of angels (Ps 88:7; θεῶν παῖδες as heavenly beings: Maximus Tyr. 11, 5a; 12a; 13, 6a.—Hierocles 3, 424 the ἄγγελοι are called θεῶν παῖδες; HWindisch, Friedensbringer-Gottessöhne: ZNW 24, 1925, 240–60, discounts connection w. angels and contends for the elevation of the ordinary followers of Jesus to the status of Alexander the Great in his role as an εἰρηνηποιός [cp. Plut., Mor. 329c]; for measured critique of this view s. Betz, SM 137–42.).

β. υἱός w. gen. of thing, to denote one who shares in it or who is worthy of it, or who stands in some other close relation to it, oft. made clear by the context; this constr. is prob. a Hebraism in the main, but would not appear barbaric (B-D-F §162, 6; Mlt-H. 441; Dssm., B p. 162–66 [BS 161–66]; PASA II 1884, no. 2 υἱὸς πόλεως [time of Nero; on this type of formulation SEG XXXIX, 1864]; IMagnMai 167, 5; 156, 12) οἱ υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου (αἰών 2a) Lk 16:8a (opp. οἱ υἱοί τοῦ φωτός vs. 8b); 20:34. τῆς ἀναστάσεως υἱοί (to Mediterranean publics the functional equivalent of ἀθάνατοι ‘immortals’; cp. ἀνάστασις 2b) 20:36b. υἱοὶ τῆς ἀνομίας (ἀνομία 1; cp. CD 6:15) Hv 3, 6, 1; ApcPt 1:3; τῆς ἀπειθείας (s. ἀπείθεια) Eph 2:2; 5:6; Col 3:6; τῆς ἀπωλείας ApcPt 1:2. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας of Judas the informer J 17:12 (cp. similar expressions in Eur., Hec. 425; Menand., Dyscolus 88f: s. FDanker, NTS 7, ’60/61, 94), of the end-time adversary 2 Th 2:3. υἱοὶ τῆς βασιλείας (βασιλεία 1bη; s. SEG XXXIX, 1864 for related expressions) Mt 8:12; 13:38a. υἱοὶ βροντῆς Mk 3:17 (s. Βοανηργές). υἱὸς γεέννης (s. γέεννα) Mt 23:15; τ. διαθήκης (PsSol 17:15) Ac 3:25; εἰρήνης Lk 10:6. υἱοὶ τοῦ νυμφῶνος (s. νυμφών) Mt 9:15; Mk 2:19; Lk 5:34. υἱὸς παρακλήσεως Ac 4:36 (s. Βαρναβᾶς). υἱοὶ (τοῦ) φωτός (Hippol., Ref. 6, 47, 4 in gnostic speculation) Lk 16:8b (opp. υἱοὶ τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου); J 12:36. υἱοὶ φωτός ἐστε καὶ υἱοὶ ἡμέρας 1 Th 5:5 (EBuonaiuti, ‘Figli del giorno e della luce’ [1 Th 5:5]: Rivista storico-critica delle Scienze teol. 6, 1910, 89–93).

ⓓ in various combinations as a designation of the Messiah and a self-designation of Jesus

α. υἱὸς Δαυίδ son of David of the Messiah (PsSol 17:21) Mt 22:42–45; Mk 12:35–37; Lk 20:41–44; B 12:10c. Specif. of Jesus as Messiah Mt 1:1a; 9:27; 12:23; 15:22; 20:30f; 21:9, 15; Mk 10:47f; Lk 18:38f.—WWrede, Jesus als Davidssohn: Vorträge u. Studien 1907, 147–77; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 4, Rel.³ 226f; ELohmeyer, Gottesknecht u. Davidssohn ’45, esp. 68; 72; 77; 84; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 251–56; WMichaelis, Die Davidsohnschaft Jesu usw., in D. histor. Jesus u. d. kerygm. Christus, ed. Ristow and Matthiae, ’61, 317–30; LFisher, ECColwell Festschr. ’68, 82–97.

β. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, υἱὸς θεοῦ (the) Son of God (for the phrase s. JosAs 6:2 al. Ἰωσὴφ ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ; there is no undisputed evidence of usage as messianic title in pre-Christian Judaism [s. Dalman, Worte 219–24, Eng. tr. 268–89; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 53f; EHuntress, ‘Son of God’ in Jewish Writings Prior to the Christian Era: JBL 54, ’35, 117–23]; cp. 4Q 246 col. 2, 1 [JFitzmyer, A Wandering Aramean ’79, 90–93; JCollins, BRev IX/3, ’93, 34–38, 57]. Among polytheists on the other hand, sons of the gods in a special sense [s. Just., A I, 21, 1f] are not only known to myth and legend, but definite historical personalities are also designated as such. Among them are famous wise men such as Pythagoras and Plato [HUsener, Das Weihnachtsfest² 1911, 71ff], and deified rulers, above all the Roman emperors since the time of Augustus [oft. in ins and pap: Dssm., B 166f=BS 166f, LO 294f=LAE 346f; Thieme 33]. According to Memnon [I B.C./ I A.D.]: 434 Fgm. 1, 1, 1 Jac., Clearchus [IV B.C.] carried his boasting so far as Διὸς υἱὸν ἑαυτὸν ἀνειπεῖν. Also, persons who were active at that time as prophets and wonder-workers laid claim to the title υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ, e.g. the Samaritan Dositheus in Origen, C. Cels. 6, 11; sim. an Indian wise man who calls himself Διὸς υἱός Arrian, Anab. 7, 2, 3; cp. Did., Gen. 213, 18 ὁ Ἀβρὰμ υἱὸς θεοῦ διὰ δικαιοσύνην. S. GWetter, ‘Der Sohn Gottes’ 1916; Hdb. exc. on J 1:34; s. also Clemen² 76ff; ENorden, Die Geburt des Kindes 1924, 75; 91f; 132; 156f; EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 1:11 [4th ed. ’50]; M-JLagrange, Les origines du dogme paulinien de la divinité de Christ: RB 45, ’36, 5–33; HPreisker, Ntl. Zeitgesch. ’37, 187–208; HBraun, ZTK 54, ’57, 353–64; ANock, ‘Son of God’ in Paul. and Hellen. Thought: Gnomon 33, ’61, 581–90 [=Essays on Religion and the Anc. World II, ’72, 928–39]—originality in Paul’s thought): Ps 2:7 is applied to Jesus υἱός μου εἶ σύ, ἐγὼ σήμερον γεγέννηκά σε Lk 3:22 D; GEb 18, 37.—Ac 13:33; Hb 1:5a; 5:5; 1 Cl 36:4. Likew. Hos 11:1 (w. significant changes): Mt 2:15, and 2 Km 7:14: Hb 1:5b. The voice of God calls him ὁ υἱός μου ὁ ἀγαπητός (s. ἀγαπητός 1) at his baptism Mt 3:17; Mk 1:11; Lk 3:22; GEb 18, 37 and 39 and at the Transfiguration Mt 17:5; Mk 9:7; Lk 9:35 (here ἐκλελεγμένος instead of ἀγαπ.); 2 Pt 1:17. Cp. J 1:34. The angel at the Annunciation uses these expressions in referring to him: υἱὸς ὑψίστου Lk 1:32; GJs 11:3 and υἱὸς θεοῦ Lk 1:35 (Ar. 15, 1 ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ τοῦ ὑψίστου. Cp. Just., A I, 23, 2 μόνος ἰδίως υἱὸς τῷ θεῷ γεγέννηται). The centurion refers to him at the crucifixion as υἱὸς θεοῦ Mt 27:54; Mk 15:39; GPt 11:45; cp. vs. 46 (CMann, ET 20, 1909, 563f; JPobee, The Cry of the Centurion, A Cry of Defeat: CFDMoule Festschr. ’70, 91–102; EJohnson, JSNT 31, ’87, 3–22 [an indefinite affirmation of Jesus]). The high priest asks εἰ σὺ εἶ ὁ Χριστὸς ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Mt 26:63 (DCatchpole, NTS 17, ’71, 213–26). Passers-by ask him to show that he is God’s Son 27:40; sim. the devil 4:3, 6; Lk 4:3, 9. On the other hand, evil spirits address him as the Son of God Mt 8:29; Mk 3:11; 5:7; Lk 4:41; 8:28; and disciples testify that he is Mt 14:33; 16:16. S. also Mk 1:1 (s. SLegg, Ev. Sec. Marc. ’35).—Jesus also refers to himself as Son of God, though rarely apart fr. the Fourth Gosp.: Mt 28:19 (the Risen Lord in the trinitarian baptismal formula); Mt 21:37f=Mk 12:6 (an allusion in the parable of the vinedressers).—Mt 27:43; Mk 13:32; Rv 2:18. The main pass. is the so-called Johannine verse in the synoptics Mt 11:27=Lk 10:22 (s. PSchmiedel, PM 4, 1900,1–22; FBurkitt, JTS 12, 1911, 296f; HSchumacher, Die Selbstoffenbarung Jesu bei Mt 11:27 [Lk 10:22] 1912 [lit.]; Norden, Agn. Th. 277–308; JWeiss, Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 120–29, Urchristentum 1917, 87ff; Bousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 45ff; EMeyer I 280ff; RBultmann, Gesch. d. synopt. Trad.² ’31, 171f; MDibelius, Die Formgeschichte des Evangeliums² ’33, 259; MRist, Is Mt 11:25–30 a Primitive Baptismal Hymn? JR 15, ’35, 63–77; TArvedson, D. Mysterium Christi: E. Studie zu Mt 11:25–30, ’37; WDavies, ‘Knowledge’ in the Dead Sea Scrolls and Mt 11:25–30, HTR 45, ’53, 113–39; WGrundmann, Sohn Gottes, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; JBieneck, Sohn Gottes als Christusbez. der Synopt. ’51; PWinter, Mt 11:27 and Lk 10:22: NovT 1, ’56, 112–48; JJocz, Judaica 13, ’57, 129–42; OMichel/OBetz, Von Gott Gezeugt, Beih. ZNW [Jeremias Festschr.] 26, ’60, 3–23 [Qumran]).—Apart fr. the synoptics, testimony to Jesus as the Son of God is found in many parts of our lit. Oft. in Paul: Ro 1:3, 4, 9; 5:10; 8:3, 29, 32; 1 Cor 1:9; 15:28; 2 Cor 1:19; Gal 1:16; 2:20; 4:4; Eph 4:13; Col 1:13; 1 Th 1:10. Cp. Ac 9:20. In Hb: 1:2, 8; 4:14; 5:8; 6:6; 7:3, 28; 10:29. In greatest frequency in John (cp. Herm. Wr. 1, 6 the Λόγος as υἱὸς θεοῦ. Likew. Philo, Agr. 51 πρωτόγονος υἱός, Conf. Lingu. 146 υἱὸς θεοῦ.—Theoph. Ant. 2, 1 [p. 154, 12] ὁ λόγος ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ, ὅς ἐστιν καὶ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ; Iren. 3, 12, 2 [Harv. II 55, 2]): J 1:49; 3:16–18 (s. μονογενής 2), 35f; 5:19–26; 6:40; 8:35f; 10:36; 11:4, 27; 14:13; 17:1; 19:7; 20:31; 1J 1:3, 7; 2:22–24; 3:8, 23; 4:9f, 14f; 5:5, 9–13, 20; 2J 3, 9.—B 5:9, 11; 7:2, 9; 12:8; 15:5; Dg 7:4; 9:2, 4; 10:2 (τὸν υἱὸν αὐτοῦ τὸν μονογενῆ; also ApcEsdr 6:16 p. 31, 22 Tdf.; ApcSed 9:1f); IMg 8:2; ISm 1:1; MPol 17:3; Hv 2, 2, 8; Hs 5, 2, 6 (ὁ υἱὸς αὐτοῦ ὁ ἀγαπητός); 8; 11; 5, 4, 1; 5, 5, 2; 3; 5; 5, 6, 1; 2; 4; 7 (on the Christology of the Shepherd s. Dibelius, Hdb. on Hs 5, also ALink and JvWalter [πνεῦμα 5cα]); Hs 8, 3, 2; 8, 11, 1. Cp. 9, 1, 1; 9, 12, 1ff.—In trinitarian formulas, in addition to Mt 28:19, also IMg 13:1; EpilMosq 5; D 7:1, 3.—The deceiver of the world appears w. signs and wonders ὡς υἱὸς θεοῦ D 16:4 (ApcEsdr 4:27 p. 28, 32 Tdf. ὁ λέγων• Ἐγώ εἰμι ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ [of Antichrist]).—EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 16–44; GVos, The Self-disclosure of Jesus 1926.—EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 404–17; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 211–36; MHengel, The Son of God (tr. JBowden) ’76; DJones, The Title υἱὸς θεοῦ in Acts: SBLSP 24, ’85, 451–63.

γ. ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου lit. ‘the son of the man’ (the pl. form οἱ υἱοὶ τῶν ἀνθρώπων appears freq. in the LXX to render בְּנֵי אָדָם = mortals, e.g. Gen 11:5; Ps 10:4; 11:2; cp. ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπολείας J 17:12 [s. 2cβ]) ‘the human being, the human one, the man’ in our lit. only as a byname in ref. to Jesus and in an exclusive sense the Human One, the Human Being, one intimately linked with humanity in its primary aspect of fragility yet transcending it, traditionally rendered ‘the Son of Man.’ The term is found predom. in the gospels, where it occurs in the synoptics about 70 times (about half as oft. if parallels are excluded), and in J 12 times (s. EKlostermann, Hdb. exc. on Mk 8:31). In every case the title is applied by Jesus to himself. Nowhere within a saying or narrative about him is it found in an address to him: Mt 8:20; 9:6; 10:23; 11:19; 12:8, 32, 40; 13:37, 41; 16:13, 27f; 17:9, 12, 22; 18:10 [11] v.l.; 19:28; 20:18, 28; 24:27, 30, 37, 39, 44; 25:13 v.l., 31; 26:2, 24ab, 45, 64; Mk 2:10, 28; 8:31, 38; 9:9, 12, 31; 10:33, 45; 13:26; 14:21ab, 41, 62; Lk 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56 v.l., 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22, 24, 26, 30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7.—John (FGrosheide, Υἱὸς τ. ἀνθρ. in het Evang. naar Joh.: TSt 35, 1917, 242–48; HDieckmann, D. Sohn des Menschen im J: Scholastik 2, 1927, 229–47; HWindisch, ZNW 30, ’31, 215–33; 31, ’32, 199–204; WMichaelis, TLZ 85, ’60, 561–78 [Jesus’ earthly presence]) 1:51; 3:13, 14; 5:27 (BVawter, Ezekiel and John, CBQ 26, ’64, 450–58); 6:27, 53, 62; 8:28; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. Whether the component of fragility (suggested by OT usage in ref. to the brief span of human life and the ills to which it falls heir) or high status (suggested by traditions that appear dependent on Da 7:13, which refers to one ‘like a human being’), or a blend of the two dominates a specific occurrence can be determined only by careful exegesis that in addition to extra-biblical traditions takes account of the total literary structure of the document in which it occurs. Much neglected in the discussion is the probability of prophetic association suggested by the form of address Ezk 2:1 al. (like the OT prophet [Ezk 3:4–11] Jesus encounters resistance).—On Israelite thought contemporary w. Jesus and alleged knowledge of a heavenly being looked upon as a ‘Son of Man’ or ‘Man’, who exercises Messianic functions such as judging the world (metaph., pictorial passages in En 46–48; 4 Esdr 13:3, 51f) s. Bousset, Rel.³ 352–55; NMessel, D. Menschensohn in d. Bilderreden d. Hen. 1922; ESjöberg, Kenna 1 Henok och 4 Esra tanken på den lidande Människosonen? Sv. Ex. Årsb. 5, ’40, 163–83, D. Menschensohn im äth. Hen. ’46. This view is in some way connected w. Da 7:13; acc. to some it derives its real content fr. an eschatological tradition that ultimately goes back to Iran (WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 160–223; Reitzenstein, Erlösungsmyst. 119ff, ZNW 20, 1921, 18–22, Mysterienrel.³ 418ff; Clemen² 72ff; CKraeling, Anthropos and Son of Man: A Study in the Religious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient 1927); acc. to this tradition the First Man was deified; he will return in the last times and usher in the Kingdom of God.—Outside the gospels: Ac 7:56 (v.l. τοῦ θεοῦ; GKilpatrick, TZ 21, ’65, 209); Rv 1:13; 14:14 (both after Da 7:13; sim. allusion to Da in Just., D. 31, 1). The quot. fr. Ps 8:5 in Hb 2:6 prob. does not belong here, since there is no emphasis laid on υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου. In IEph 20:2 Jesus is described as υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου καὶ υἱὸς θεοῦ. Differently B 12:10 Ἰησοῦς, οὐχὶ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου ἀλλὰ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Jesus, not a man’s son, but Son of God.—HLietzmann, Der Menschensohn 1896; Dalman, Worte 191–219 (Eng. tr., 234–67); Wlh., Einl.² 123–30; PFiebig, Der Menschensohn 1901; NSchmidt, The Prophet of Nazareth 1905, 94–134, Recent Study of the Term ‘Son of Man’: JBL 45, 1926, 326–49; FTillmann, Der Menschensohn 1907; EKühl, Das Selbstbewusstsein Jesu 1907, 65ff; HHoltzmann, Das messianische Bewusstsein Jesu, 1907, 49–75 (lit.), Ntl. Theologie² I 1911, 313–35; FBard, D. Sohn d. Menschen 1908; HGottsched, D. Menschensohn 1908; EAbbott, ‘The Son of Man’, etc., 1910; EHertlein, Die Menschensohnfrage im letzten Stadium 1911, ZNW 19, 1920, 46–48; JMoffatt, The Theology of the Gospels 1912, 150–63; WBousset, Kyrios Christos² 1921, 5–22 (the titles of the works by Wernle and Althaus opposing his first edition [1913], as well as Bousset’s answer, are found s.v. κύριος, end); DVölter, Jesus der Menschensohn 1914, Die Menschensohnfrage neu untersucht 1916; FSchulthess, ZNW 21, 1922, 247–50; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919 (see also the works by the same author referred to above in this entry); EMeyer II 335ff; HGressmann, ZKG n.s. 4, 1922, 170ff, D. Messias 1929, 341ff; GDupont, Le Fils d’Homme 1924; APeake, The Messiah and the Son of Man 1924; MWagner, Der Menschensohn: NKZ 36, 1925, 245–78; Guillaume Baldensperger, Le Fils d’Homme: RHPR 5, 1925, 262–73; WBleibtreu, Jesu Selbstbez. als der Menschensohn: StKr 98/99, 1926, 164–211; AvGall, Βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ 1926; OProcksch, D. Menschensohn als Gottessohn: Christentum u. Wissensch. 3, 1927, 425–43; 473–81; CMontefiore, The Synoptic Gospels² 1927 I 64–80; ROtto, Reich Gottes u. Menschensohn ’34, Eng. tr. The Kgdm. of God and the Son of Man, tr. Filson and Woolf² ’43; EWechssler, Hellas im Ev. ’36, 332ff; PParker, The Mng. of ‘Son of Man’: JBL 60, ’41, 151–57; HSharman, Son of Man and Kingdom of God ’43; JCampbell, The Origin and Mng. of the Term Son of Man: JTS 48, ’47, 145–55; HRiesenfeld, Jésus Transfiguré ’47, 307–13 (survey and lit.); TManson, ConNeot 11, ’47, 138–46 (Son of Man=Jesus and his disciples in Mk 2:27f); GDuncan, Jesus, Son of Man ’47, 135–53 (survey); JBowman, ET 59, ’47/48, 283–88 (background); MBlack, ET 60, ’48f, 11–15; 32–36; GKnight, Fr. Moses to Paul ’49, 163–72 (survey); TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 237–50; TManson (Da, En and gospels), BJRL 32, ’50, 171–93; TPreiss, Le Fils d’Homme: ÉThR 26/3, ’51, Life in Christ, ’54, 43–60; SMowinckel, He That Cometh, tr. Anderson, ’54, 346–450; GIber, Überlieferungsgesch. Unters. z. Begriff des Menschensohnes im NT, diss. Heidelb. ’53; ESjöberg, D. verborgene Menschensohn in den Ev. ’55; WGrundmann, ZNW 47, ’56, 113–33; HRiesenfeld, The Mythological Backgrd. of NT Christology, CHDodd Festschr. ’56, 81–95; PhVielhauer, Gottesreich u. Menschensohn in d. Verk. Jesu, GDehn Festschr. ’57, 51–79; ESidebottom, The Son of Man in J, ET 68, ’57, 231–35; 280–83; AHiggins, Son of Man- Forschung since (Manson’s) ‘The Teaching of Jesus’: NT Essays (TW Manson memorial vol.) ’59, 119–35; HTödt, D. Menschensohn in d. synopt. Überl. ’59 (tr. Barton ’65); JMuilenburg, JBL 79, ’60, 197–209 (Da, En); ESchweizer, JBL 79, ’60, 119–29 and NTS 9, ’63, 256–61; BvIersel, ‘Der Sohn’ in den synopt. Jesusworten, ’61 (community?); MBlack, BJRL 45, ’63, 305–18; FBorsch, ATR 45, ’63, 174–90; AHiggins, Jesus and the Son of Man, ’64; RFormesyn, NovT 8, ’66, 1–35 (barnasha=‘I’); SSandmel, HSilver Festschr. ’63, 355–67; JJeremias, Die älteste Schicht der Menschensohn-Logien, ZNW 58, ’67, 159–72; GVermes, MBlack, Aram. Approach³, ’67, 310–30; BLindars, The New Look on the Son of Man: BJRL 63, ’81, 437–62; WWalker, The Son of Man, Some Recent Developments CBQ 45, ’83, 584–607; JDonahue, Recent Studies on the Origin of ‘Son of Man’ in the Gospels, CBQ 48, ’86, 584–607; DBurkitt, The Nontitular Son of Man, A History and Critique: NTS 40, ’94 504–21 (lit.); JEllington, BT 40, ’89, 201–8; RGordon, Anthropos: 108–13.—B. 105; DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ἀρέσκω impf. ἤρεσκον; fut. ἀρέσω; 1 aor. ἤρεσα. Mid. impf. ἠρέσκετο (Tat. 2, 1) (s. ἀρεσκεία; Hom.+). In Gk. lit. ἀ. is used in a variety of senses ranging from conciliatory action (s. Od. 22, 55, of satisfaction pledged to Odysseus) to undertaking of civic responsibility that meets with public approval (s. 2 below). Most oft. w. dat. of pers.

① to act in a fawning manner, win favor, please, flatter, w. focus on the winning of approval (Aristot., EN 2, 7, 13; 4, 6, 1; Theophr., Char. 5 [e.g. in a dispute the flatterer endeavors to please friend and foe alike; and he will tell foreigners that they speak with greater sense of justice than do his fellow citizens]. That the original sense of basic civility in human relations [s. 2a below] suffered debasement is affirmed by Anaxandrides Com., cited Athen. 6, 255b: τὸ γαρ κολακεύειν νῦν ἀρέσκειν ὄνομʼ ἔχει ‘flattery’ is now called ‘being accommodating’; s. ἀνθρωπαρεσκέω, ἀνθρωπάρεσκος) ἀνθρώποις (Pla., Ep. 4, 321b; Simplicius in Epict. p. 118, 30 ἀρέσκειν ἀνθρώποις βουλόμενος) Gal 1:10ab (conative impf.); 1 Th 2:4 here in both a neg. and a positive sense: ‘flattering’ humans, but ‘pleasing’ God (in the sense of 2 below), who tests (δοκιμάζω) for motivation.

② to give pleasure/satisfaction, please, accommodate.

ⓐ a favored term in the reciprocity-conscious Mediterranean world, and frequently used in honorary documents to express interest in accommodating others by meeting their needs or carrying out important obligations. Oft. almost serve Nägeli 40. The use of the term in a good sense in our lit. contributes a tone of special worth and diginity to some of the relationships that are depicted. τινί someone τῷ πλησίον Ro 15:2 (w. τὸ ἀγαθόν and οἰκοδομή as decisive semantic components); cp. Hs 5, 2, 7 a servant doing good work. Lord/God ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32; 1 Th 4:1; inability to do so Ro 8:8; cp. 1 Th 2:15; rather than humans 1 Th 2:4 (s. 1 above); IRo 2:1 (note the semantic problem cited 1 above). God/Lord as commander (military imagery) IPol 6:2; cp. 2 Ti 2:4.—Concern for a broad public is a common theme in honorary documents (e.g. OGI 339, 29f; s. Danker, Benefactor 336f) and other lit. (cp. Demosth., Ep. 3, 27 πᾶσιν ἀ.; Ath. 26:1 τοῖς πολλοῖς ἀρέσκοντες θεοί) πάντα πᾶσιν ἀ. in everything I endeavor to please all, i.e. without deference to one at the expense of another, 1 Cor 10:33 (w. σύμφορον, q.v., along w. συμφέρω, for cultural significance); sim. κατὰ πάντα τρόπον πᾶσιν ἀ. ITr 2:3. (Cp. the negative appraisal 1 Th 2:15.)—Sacrifice of self-interest is a major component of the foregoing theme, hence the caution μὴ ἑαυτῷ ἀ. Ro 15:1, and the exhibition of Jesus as role model vs. 3; cp. 2 Cl 13:1 (w. ἀνθρωπάρεσκος s. 1 above); Hs 9, 22, 1; in a marriage relationship, wife or husband ἀ. τ. γυναικί 1 Cor 7:33; ἀ. τ. ἄνδρι vs. 34.

ⓑ of pleasure (without any suggestion of mere amusement) as a condition generated by an action (cp. POxy 1153, 25 ἐὰν αὐτῷ ἀρέσκῃ; PGiss 20, 15). A fine line cannot always be drawn between a focus on endeavor to please and focus on the impact of pleasure produced by the activity. Some of the pass. cited in 2a may equally belong here and some of those included here could be cited above. But the gener. sense in those that follow is satisfaction produced by the behavior of another please God ἀ. θεῷ (Theopomp. [IV B.C.]: 115 Fgm. 344 Jac. τ. θεοῖς ἀ. here the concern is to meet divine expectations; Num 23:27; Ps 68:32; Mal 3:4; Jos., Ant. 6, 164; 13, 289) Ro 8:8; 1 Th 2:15; cp. Hs 5, 2, 7; ἀ. τ. κυρίῳ 1 Cor 7:32 (on these four last pass. s. also a above); 1 Cl 52, 2 (Ps 68, 32); wife/husband 1 Cor 7:33f (s. a above); 2 Ti 2:4; Herod Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22. W. focus on someth. that provides pleasure (Ael. Aristid. 46, 380 D.: θεοῖς ἀρέσκοντα) Hv 1, 4, 2; Hs 5, 6, 6. ἤρεσεν ὁ λόγος ἐνώπιον (for בְּעֵינֵי or לִפְנֵי) τοῦ πλήθους (= τῷ πλήθει) the saying pleased the whole group (cp. 2 Ch 30:4; 1 Macc 6:60; 8:21; Jos., Vi. 238) Ac 6:5 (B-D-F §4, p. 4, 5; 187, 2; 214, 6).—Salome, daughter of Herodias, pleases Herod and his company, and in keeping w. Mediterranean reciprocity system receives her award, in this instance a grisly one Mt 14:6; Mk 6:22.—Implied, i.e. impers. (Philo, Aet. M. 87; Jos., Ant. 14, 205; 207) ἀρέσκει μοι it pleases me (=mihi placet) w. inf. foll. (Hdt. 8, 19; Josh 24:15; 1 Macc 14:23; 15:19; Jos., Ant. 14, 352) Hm 6, 1, 5.—B. 1099. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

ἐπαγγελία, ας, ἡ (s. ἀγγέλλω; Demosth. et al.; Aristot., EN 10, 1 p. 1164a, 29; ins, pap, LXX, pseudepigr., Philo, Joseph.) in many authors ἐ. refers to the act of making someth. known publicly, but in our lit. it most often bears the sense of

① declaration to do someth. with implication of obligation to carry out what is stated, promise, pledge, offer (Polyb. 1, 43, 6; 7, 13, 2; 18, 11, 1 al.; Diod S 1, 5, 3; 4, 16, 2; Epict. 1, 4, 3 ἡ ἀρετὴ ταύτην ἔχει τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν εὐδαιμονίαν ποιῆσαι; Michel 473, 10; IPriene 123, 9; 1 Macc 10:15; Philo, Mut. Nom. 201; Jos., Ant. 5, 307).

ⓐ of humans ὅπως ἀποδῶμεν τὴν ἐ. ἣν ἐπειγγειλάμεθα so that we might keep our promise GJs 7:1. Of one who lays claim to being a Christian IEph 14:2.

ⓑ in our lit. more generally of divine promises (Herm. Wr. in Stob. I 387, 15 W.; Fgm. XXIII 8 v.l.; cp. Herm. Wr. 18, 14; Jos., Ant. 2, 219; Prayer of Manasseh [=Odes 12] 6; PsSol 12:6; perh. Ps 55:9).

α. God’s promise sg. Ac 2:39; Ro 4:13f, 16; 9:9 (where λόγος is to be supplied w. the gen. ἐπαγγελίας: this word is a word of promise); Gal 3:17; 2 Pt 3:9; 1 Cl 26:1; 2 Cl 15:4; B 5:7; 16:9. Pl. Ro 9:4; 2 Cor 7:1; Gal 3:16; Hb 7:6; 8:6; 11:17; 1 Cl 27:1; H 3, 4; ApcPt Rainer (figura etymol.; cp. 1a and 1bβ). Prep. phrases: διʼ ἐπαγγελίας by or because of a promise Gal 3:18b; 4:23; also ἐξ ἐπαγγελίας 3:18a. ἐν ἐπαγγελίᾳ with promise Eph 6:2. κατʼ ἐπαγγελίαν in accordance w. the promise (PSI 281, 58 κατὰ τ. ἐπανγελίας αὐτου; sim. IK IX–X/2: Nikaia II/1, 702, 6; 1 Esdr 1:7; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 68, 43) Ac 13:23; Gal 3:29; cp. 2 Ti 1:1 (on these three s. New Docs 4, 147).—For var. reasons the gen. is used w. ἐ.: to denote the one fr. whom the promise comes (τ.) θεοῦ Ro 4:20; 2 Cor 1:20; Gal 3:21; 2 Cl 11:1; 1 Ti 1:1 v.l.; to denote the thing promised (Jos., Ant. 3, 77 τ. ἀγαθῶν) ἐ. τ. αἰωνίου κληρονομίας Hb 9:15. τ. ζωῆς 1 Ti 4:8; τ. παρουσίας 2 Pt 3:4; to denote the one(s) for whom the promise is intended τ. πατέρων Ro 15:8 (TestJob 20:1; on βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐ. cp. InsPriene 123, 9 ἐβεβαίωσεν τ. ἐπαγγελίαν).—On the other hand, τῆς ἐπαγγελίας is oft. added, as a kind of gen. of quality, to indicate the relation of the noun in question to the promise: γῆ τ. ἐ. the promised land Hb 11:9 (TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 16 [Stone p. 18] al).; τέκνα τ. ἐ. children of the promise, i.e. those born because of the promise Ro 9:8; Gal 4:28; πνεῦμα τ. ἐ. Eph 1:13; διαθῆκαι τ. ἐ. 2:12. As an obj. gen. in πίστις τῆς ἐ. faith in the promise B 6:17.—ἐ. w. inf. foll. εἰσελθεῖν to enter Hb 4:1.—ἐ. γενομένη πρὸς τ. πατέρας a promise made to the fathers Ac 13:32; also εἰς τ. πατ. 26:6 (Diod S 2, 60, 4 γεγενημένη ἐ.=a promise given).—Of Christ’s promise (Orig., C. Cels. 2, 2, 43) 2 Cl 5:5.

β. w. specification of what was promised (Vi. Aesopi G 79 P.; PsSol 12:6) 1J 2:25 (figura etymol. as Hs 1, 7). Hv 3, 2, 1 (ἐπαγγελίαι w. δῶρα). δεκτὸς τῆς ἐ. recipient of the promised benefit ApcPt Rainer 20. W. epexeg. gen. foll. ἡ ἐ. τοῦ πνεύματος what was promised, namely the Spirit Ac 2:33; Gal 3:14. Foll. by gen. of the one who promises ἐ. τοῦ πατρός Lk 24:49; Ac 1:4; κομίσασθαι τὴν ἐ. Hb 10:36; 11:13 v.l., 39. λαβεῖν Hb 11:13; 2 Cl 11:7; ἀπολαβεῖν B 15:7; Hv 2, 2, 6; ἡ μέλλουσα ἐ. 2 Cl 10:3f.

γ. It is not always poss. to draw a hard and fast line betw. α and β (cp. Hippol., Ref. 5, 7, 19: ἐ. τοῦ λουτροῦ): Ac 7:17; Gal 3:22; Eph 3:6; Hb 6:12, 15, 17; 11:9b, 33; 1 Cl 10:2; 34:7.—FBaumgärtel, Verheissung: Zur Frage des evang. Verständnisses des AT ’52.

② The pregnant use of ἐ. Ac 23:21 is in effect an extension of mng. 1 and involves two major components: entertainment of a request and approval of it assurance of agreement προσδέχεσθαι τὴν ἀπό τινος ἐ. wait for assurance fr. someone or consent (namely, to do what has been proposed).—DELG s.v. ἄγγελος. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ἐπισκοπή, ῆς, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Lucian, D. Deor. 20, 6= ‘visit’; OGI 614, 6 [III A.D.]=‘care, charge’; Etym. Gud. 508, 27= πρόνοια; LXX; TestBenj 9:2; JosAs 29, end cod. A ἐπισκοπῇ ἐπισκέπτεσθαί τινα of God; Just., D. 131, 3).

① the act of watching over with special ref. to being present, visitation, of divine activity

ⓐ of a salutary kind (so Gen 50:24f; Ex 3:16; Wsd 2:20; 3:13; Job 10:12; 29:4 al.) καιρὸς τῆς ἐ. the time of your gracious visitation (Wsd 3:7) Lk 19:44. ἐν ἐ. τῆς βασιλείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ when the kingdom of Christ visits us 1 Cl 50:3. ἡμέρα ἐπισκοπῆς 1 Pt 2:12 is understood in this sense by the majority (e.g. Usteri, BWeiss, Kühl, Knopf, Windisch, FHauck, et al.). S. also b below.—The gracious visitation can manifest itself as protection, care (Job 10:12; Pr 29:13; 3 Macc 5:42; Just., D. 131, 3; Orig., C. Cels. 6, 71, 8 [as providential care w. πρόνοια]) ἐν ἑνότητι θεοῦ καὶ ἐπισκοπῇ in unity w. God and under God’s care IPol 8:3.

ⓑ of an unpleasant kind (Hesych.= ἐκδίκησις; Jer 10:15; Sir 16:18; 23:24; Wsd 14:11; Theoph. Ant. 2, 35 [p. 188, 26]); ἡμέρα ἐ. (cp. Is 10:3) 1 Pt 2:12 is so understood by the minority (e.g. HvSoden, Bigg, Goodsp.; Danker, ZNW 58, ’67, 98f, w. ref. to Mal 3:13–18). S. a above.

② position of responsibility, position, assignment (Num 4:16) of Judas’ position as an apostle τὴν ἐ. λαβέτω ἕτερος let another take over his work (not an office as such, but activity of witnessing in line with the specifications in Ac 1:8, 21f) Ac 1:20 (Ps 108:8).

③ engagement in oversight, supervision, of leaders of Christian communities (a Christian ins of Lycaonia [IV A.D.] in CB I/2 p. 543; Iren. 3, 3, 3 [Harv. II 10, 2] al.; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 48, 20) 1 Ti 3:1 (s. UHolzmeister, Biblica 12, ’31, 41–69; CSpicq, RSPT 29, ’40, 316–25); 1 Cl 44:1, 4.—DELG s.v. σκέπτομαι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.

① marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.

ⓐ after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.

ⓑ after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.

ⓒ after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.

ⓓ after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).

ⓔ after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.

ⓕ Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.

② marker of explanatory clauses, that

ⓐ as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the use

ⓑ in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.

③ marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.

④ marker of causality

ⓐ subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.

ⓑ The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach³, ’67, 70ff.

⑤ special uses

ⓐ ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.² 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.² 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.

ⓑ ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.

ⓒ consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.² 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.

-ου ⁺ τό N 2 215-342-308-249-183=1297 Gn 2,6.7; 3,8.19; 4,5

face Gn 3,19; countenance, expression Gn 4,5

face, surface Gn 2,6; face, front (of pot) Jer 1,13; foremost part or line of hostile army, front Hab 1,9; mouth (of well) 2 Sm 17,19; form (of speech) 2 Sm 14,20; person Mal 1,8; the presence of [τινος] Gn 27,30

ἐκ τοῦ ἑνὸς προσώπου from one side (semit., rendering MT פניה על־עבר) Ex 25,37; κατὰ πρόσωπον on (his) forehead Lv 13,41; personally Dt 7,10

often used as part of an expression rendering semi-prep. with פני (semit.): ἐπὶ πρόσωπόν τινος in front of Ex 16,14; ἀπὸ προσώπου τινός from (the face of) Ex 14,25; on account of, because of Hos 10,15; confronted by Na 1,6; κατὰ πρόσωπόν τῆς πόλεως facing the city, fronting or in front of the city Gn 33,18; πρό προσώπου σου before you Ex 33,2; κατὰ πρόσωπόν σου against you Dt 7,24

πρόσωπον κατὰ πρόσωπον ἐλάλησεν he spoke face to face Dt 5,4; μὴ ἀποστρέψῃς τὸ πρόσωπόν σου do not reject my prayer 1 Kgs 2,20, cpr. Mi 3,4; ἄρτοι τοῦ προσώπου the bread placed before (the Lord) 1

Sm 21,7, cpr. ἐνώπιος, πρόθεσις; οὐ θαυμάζει πρόσωπον he does not show favour, he is not partial Dt 10,17, cpr. Gn 32,21, Lv 19,15, Dt 28,50; ἠλλοίωσεν τὸ πρόσωπον he changed countenance 1 Sm 21,14

*Jgs^B 20,2 κατὰ πρόσωπον before-פני for MT פנות chiefs?; *Jer 47(40),9 ἀπὸ προσώπου τῶν παίδων

before the servants, because of the servants-מעבדי for MT מעבד to serve, cpr. 2 Kgs 25,24

Cf. DANIEL, S. 1966 150.152; DOGNIEZ 1992 55-56.163.184.318; GHIRON-BISTAGNE 1983, 155-174;

HARL 1984a=1992a 39; 1986a, 54.241; LE BOULLUEC 1989, 264; LEE, J. 1983, 51; SOLLAMO 1979, 13-

122; VAN ROMPAY 1976, 569-575; →NIDNTT, TWNT

γράφω [pron. full] [ᾰ], [tense] fut.

A

- ψω Hdt.1.95

, etc.: [tense] aor. ἔγραψα, [dialect] Ep.

γράψα Il.17.599

: [tense] pf.

γέγραφα Cratin.124

, Th.5.26, etc.; later

γεγράφηκα PHib. 1.78.2

(iii B. C.):—[voice] Med., [tense] fut.

γράψομαι Ar. Pax 107

, etc. (but in pass. sense, Gal.Protr.13): [tense] aor.

ἐγραψάμην Ar.V. 894

, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

γρᾰφήσομαι Hp.Acut.26

, Nicom.Com.1.39, ([etym.] μετεγ-) Ar.Eq. 1370; more freq.

γεγράψομαι S.OT 411

, Theoc.18.47, etc.: [tense] aor. ἐγράφην [ᾰ], Hdt.4.91, Pl.Prm. 128c, etc.;

ἐγράφθην SIG57.5

(Milet., v B. C.), Archim.Fluit.2.4: [tense] pf. γέγραμμαι (also in med. sense, v. fin.), [ per.] 3sg.

ἔγραπται Opp.C.3.274

; part. ἐγραμμένος or

ἠγρ- SIG9

(Elis, dub.), Leg.Gort.1.45, al.; later

γεγράφημαι Ph.2.637

: [ per.] 3pl.

γεγράφαται IG 12.57.10

, [dialect] Dor.

γεγράβανται Schwyzer 90.12

([place name] Argos): [tense] plpf.

ἐγέγραπτο X.Mem.1.2.64

: [ per.] 3pl.

ἐγεγράφατο D.C.56.32

. Used by Hom. only in [tense] aor. [voice] Act.:—scratch, graze,

αἰχμὴ γράψεν οἱ ὀστέον ἄχρις Il.17.599

; γράψας ἐν πίνακι πτυκτῷ θυμοφθόρα πολλά having marked or drawn signs thereon, 6.169: hence, later, represent by lines, draw, paint, Hdt.2.41, A.Eu.50, Pl.R. 377e; γῆς περιόδους γ. draw maps, Hdt.4.36;

γ. Ἔρωθ' ὑπόπτερον Eub.41.1

;

προσπεπατταλευμένον γ. τὸν Προμηθέα Men.535.2

;

ἀνδριάντα γ. Pl.R. 420c

; ζῷα γ., = ζωγραφεῖν (q. v.), Id.Grg. 453c: metaph.,

ὁπόσα τοὺς λειμῶνας αἱ ὧραι γράφουσι Philostr.Im.Praef.

:—[voice] Med.,

ζῷα γράφεσθαι Hdt.4.88

:—[voice] Pass.,

εἰκὼν γεγραμμένη Ar.Ra. 537

;

πίνακες γεγραμμένοι τὰ Ἀλεξάνδρου ἔργα Philostr.VA2.20

.

2 Math., describe a figure, Euc.Post.3, al., Archim.Sph.Cyl.1.23, al., Gal.1.47.

b of a point or line in motion, generate a figure, Arist.Mech. 848b10, al.;

τὸ σαμεῖον ἕλικα γράψει Archim.Sph.Cyl.1

, cf.Apollon.Perg.Con.1.2, Hero Aut.8.1.

3 brand, mark, Opp.C.1.326:—[voice] Pass. in form γεγράφαται, ib. 322.

II express by written characters, write, τι Hdt.1.125, etc.;

γ. διαθήκην Pl.Lg. 923c

, cf. X.Cyr.4.5.34 ([voice] Pass.); γ. τινὶ ὅτι .. Th.7.14; γ. τινί, c. inf., SIG552.13 (Abae, iii B. C.);

γ. τι εἰς διφθέρας Hdt.5.58

: prov.,

ὅρκους.. γυναικὸς εἰς ὕδωρ γράφω S.Fr. 811

, cf. Xenarch.6;

εἰς τέφραν γ. Philonid.7

; εἰς ὕδωρ, ἐν ὕδατι, Men. Mon.25, Pl.Phdr. 276c;

ἐν χρυσῷ πίνακι Id.Criti. 120c

;

ἐν φλοιῷ Theoc.18.47

;

καθ' ὕδατος Luc.Cat.21

;

εἰς πέλαγος γράμματα γράψαι Epigr.Gr.1038.8

([place name] Attalia):—[voice] Pass., πόθι φρενὸς γέγραπται in what leaf of memory it is written, Pi.O.10(11).3.