facta+alicujus+sil

făcĭo, feci, factum, 3, v. a. and n.; in pass.: fio, factus, fieri ( imper. usually fac, but the arch form face is freq., esp. in Plaut. and Ter., as Plaut. As. prol. 4; 1, 1, 77; id. Aul. 2, 1, 30; id. Cist. 2, 1, 28; id. Ep. 1, 1, 37; 2, 2, 117; id. Most. 3, 2, 167 et saep.; Ter. And. 4, 1, 57; 4, 2, 29; 5, 1, 2; 14; id. Eun. 1, 2, 10 al.; Cato, R. R. 23, 1; 26; 32 al.; Cat. 63, 78; 79; 82; Ov. Med. fac. 60; Val. Fl. 7, 179 al.; futur. facie for faciam, Cato ap. Quint. 1, 7, 23; cf. dico, init., and the letter e:

faxo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 199; 2, 1, 42; 3, 3, 17; 3, 4, 14; 5, 1, 55 et saep.; Ter. And. 5, 2, 13; id. Eun. 2, 2, 54; 4, 3, 21 al.; Verg. A. 9, 154; 12, 316; Ov. M. 3, 271; 12, 594: faxim, Enn. ap. Non. 507, 23; Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 13; id. Aul. 3, 2, 6; 3, 5, 20 al.; Ter. And. 4, 4, 14; id. Heaut. 1, 2, 13:

faxis,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 38; Sil. 15, 362: faxit, Lex Numae in Paul. ex Fest. s. v. ALIVTA, p. 6 Mull.; Fragm. XII. Tab. ap. Gell. 20, 1, 12; Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 90; 3, 5, 54; id. Cas. 3, 5, 6 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 24; id. Phorm. 3, 3, 21:

faximus,

Plaut. Truc. 1, 1, 40: faxitis, an old form in Liv. 23, 11, 2; 25, 12, 10; 29, 27, 3:

faxint,

Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 85; id. Aul. 2, 1, 27; 2, 2, 79 al.; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 109; id. Hec. 1, 2, 27; 3, 2, 19; Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81; id. Fam. 14, 3, 3.—In pass. imper.:

fi,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 87; Hor. S. 2, 5, 38; Pers. 1, 1, 39:

fite,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 89 al. — Indic.: facitur, Nigid. ap. Non. 507, 15: fitur, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 789:

fiebantur,

id. ib.: fitum est, Liv. Andron. ap. Non. 475, 16.— Subj.: faciatur, Titin. ib.— Inf.: fiere, Enn. ap. Charis. p. 75 P.; Ann. v. 15, ed. Vahl.; Laev. ap. Gell. 19, 7, 10.—On the long i of fit, v. Ritschl, prol. p. 184, and cf. Plaut. Capt. prol. 25: ut fit in bello) [prob. root bha-; Sanscr. bhasas, light; Gr. pha-, in phainô, phêmi; cf. fax, facetiae, facilis, Corss. Ausspr. 1, 423.—But Curt. refers facio to root the- (strengthened THEK), Griech. Etym. p. 64], to make in all senses, to do, perform, accomplish, prepare, produce, bring to pass, cause, effect, create, commit, perpetrate, form, fashion, etc. (cf. in gen.:

ago, factito, reddo, operor, tracto): verbum facere omnem omnino faciendi causam complectitur, donandi, solvendi, judicandi, ambulandi, numerandi,

Dig. 50, 16, 218.

In gen.

With acc.: ut faber, cum quid aedificaturus est, non ipse facit materiam, sed ea utitur, quae sit parata, etc.... Quod si non est a deo materia facta, ne terra quidem et aqua et aer et ignis a deo factus est, Cic. N. D. Fragm. ap. Lact. 2, 8 (Cic. ed. Bait. 7, p. 121):

sphaera ab Archimede facta,

Cic. Rep. 1, 14:

fecitque idem et sepsit de manubiis comitium et curiam,

id. ib. 2, 17:

aedem,

id. ib. 2, 20:

pontem in Arari faciundum curat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 13, 1:

castra,

id. ib. 1, 48, 2; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 4:

faber vasculum fecit,

Quint. 7, 10, 9:

classem,

Caes. B. G. 4, 21, 4:

cenas et facere et obire,

Cic. Att. 9, 13, 6:

ignem lignis viridibus,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 17, § 45:

poema,

to compose, id. Pis. 29, 70:

carmina,

Juv. 7, 28:

versus,

id. 7, 38:

sermonem,

Cic. Fam. 9, 8, 1; cf.

litteram,

id. Ac. 2, 2, 6: ludos, to celebrate, exhibit = edere, id. Rep. 2, 20; id. Att. 15, 10;

also i. q. ludificari,

Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 47:

sementes,

i. e. to sow, Caes. B. G. 1, 3, 1:

messem,

Col. 2, 10, 28:

pecuniam,

to make, acquire, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

manum (with parare copias),

to collect, prepare, id. Caecin. 12, 33; so,

cohortes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 87, 4:

exercitum,

Vell. 2, 109, 2; and:

auxilia mercede,

Tac. A. 6, 33:

iter,

Cic. Att. 3, 1; id. Planc. 26, 65; id. Div. 1, 33, 73 et saep.; cf.

also the phrases: aditum sibi ad aures,

Quint. 4, 1, 46:

admirationem alicujus rei alicui,

to excite, Liv. 25, 11, 18; Sen. Ep. 115:

aes alienum,

Cic. Att. 13, 46, 4; Liv. 2, 23, 5; Sen. Ep. 119, 1:

alienationem disjunctionemque,

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

animum alicui,

Liv. 25, 11, 10:

arbitrium de aliquo,

to decide, Hor. C. 4, 7, 21;

opp. arbitrium alicui in aliqua re,

i. e. to leave the decision to one, Liv. 43, 15, 5:

audaciam hosti,

id. 29, 34, 10:

audientiam orationi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

auspicium alicui,

Liv. 1, 34, 9; Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 86:

auctoritatem,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 15, 43:

bellum,

Cic. Off. 1, 11, 35; Caes. B. G. 3, 29, 2:

multa bona alicui,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 46:

castra,

to pitch, Tac. H. 5, 1:

caulem,

to form, Col. Arb. 54:

clamores,

to make, raise, Cic. Brut. 95, 326:

cognomen alicui,

to give, Liv. 1, 3, 9:

commercium sermonis,

id. 5, 15, 5:

concitationes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 106 fin.:

conjurationes,

to form, id. B. G. 4, 30 fin.:

consuetudinem alicui cum altero,

Cic. Fam. 13, 23, 1:

consilia alicui,

Liv. 35, 42, 8:

contentionem cum aliquo,

Cic. Off. 1, 38, 137:

controversiam,

to occasion, id. Or. 34, 121:

convicium magnum alicui,

id. Fam. 10, 16, 1:

copiam pugnandi militibus,

Liv. 7, 13, 10:

corpus,

to grow fat, corpulent, Cels. 7, 3 fin.; Phaedr. 3, 7, 5:

curam,

Tac. A. 3, 52:

damnum,

to suffer, Cic. Brut. 33, 125:

detrimentum,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 20:

desiderium alicujus, rei alicui,

Liv. 3, 34, 7; 7, 24, 10:

dicta,

Ov. F. 2, 375; 3, 515:

difficultatem,

Quint. 10, 3, 10 and 16:

discordiam,

to cause, Tac. H. 3, 48:

discrimen,

Quint. 7, 2, 14; 11, 1, 43:

disjunctionem (with alienationem),

Cic. Lael. 21, 76:

dolorem alicui,

id. Att. 11, 8, 2:

dulcedinem,

Sen. Ep. 111:

eloquentiam alicui (ira),

Quint. 6, 2, 26:

epigramma,

to write, Cic. Arch. 10, 25:

errorem,

Sen. Ep. 67:

eruptiones ex oppido,

Caes. B. C. 2, 2, 5:

exemplum,

Quint. 5, 2, 2: exempla = edere or statuere, Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 66. exercitum, to raise, muster, Tac. A. 6, 33:

exspectationem,

Quint. 9, 2, 23:

facinus,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 1; Cic. Fin. 2, 29, 95; Tac. A. 12, 31:

facultatem recte judicandi alicui,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 73, § 179:

fallaciam,

Ter. And. 1, 8, 7:

famam ingenii,

Quint. 11, 2, 46:

fastidium,

Liv. 3, 1, 7:

favorem alicui,

id. 42, 14, 10; Quint. 4, 1, 33:

fidem alicui,

Cic. Cat. 3, 2, 4; id. Att. 7, 8, 1; Quint. 6, 2, 18:

finem,

Cic. Att. 16, 16, 16; id. Rep. 2, 44:

formidinem,

to excite, Tac. H. 3, 10:

fortunam magnam (with parare),

Liv. 24, 22, 9:

fraudem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 9; Cic. Att. 4, 12:

fugam fecerunt, stronger than fugerunt,

Liv. 8, 9, 12 Weissenb.; Sall. J. 53, 3;

but: cum fugam in regia fecisset (sc. ceterorum),

Liv. 1, 56, 4; so,

fugam facere = fugare,

id. 21, 5, 16; 21, 52, 10:

fugam hostium facere,

id. 22, 24, 8; 26, 4, 8 al.:

gestum vultu,

Quint. 11, 3, 71:

gradum,

Cic. de Or. 2, 61, 249; id. Verr. 2, 2, 1, § 3; Quint. 3, 6, 8:

gratiam alicujus rei,

Liv. 3, 56, 4; 8, 34, 3:

gratulationem alicui,

Cic. Fam. 11, 18, 3; Sen. Ep. 6:

gratum alicui,

Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 56; Cic. Rep. 1, 21; cf.:

gratissimum alicui,

id. Fam. 7, 21 fin.:

histrioniam,

Plaut. Am. prol. 152:

homicidium,

to commit, Quint. 5, 9, 9:

hospitium cum aliquo,

Cic. Balb. 18, 42:

imperata,

Caes. B. G. 2, 3, 3:

impetum in hostem,

Cic. Fin. 1, 10, 34; Liv. 25, 11, 2:

incursionem,

Liv. 3, 38, 3:

indicium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 57, § 150:

inducias,

id. Phil. 8, 7, 20:

initium,

to begin, id. Agr. 2, 29, 79; cf.:

initia ab aliquo,

id. Rep. 1, 19:

injuriam,

id. ib. 3, 14 (opp. accipere); Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4; Quint. 3, 6, 49; 10, 1, 115:

insidias alicui,

Cic. Mil. 9, 23:

iram,

Quint. 6, 1, 14:

jacturam,

Cic. Off. 3, 23, 89; id. Fin. 2, 24, 79; Caes. B. G. 7, 77, 7:

judicium,

Cic. Att. 7, 23, 2:

judicatum,

to execute, id. Fl. 20, 48:

jus alicui,

Liv. 32, 13, 6:

jussa,

Ov. F. 1, 379:

laetitiam,

Cic. Fin. 1, 7, 25:

largitiones,

id. Tusc. 3, 20, 48:

locum poetarum mendacio,

Curt. 3, 1, 4:

locum alicui rei,

Cels. 2, 14 fin.; 7, 4, 3; Curt. 4, 11, 8; Sen. Ep. 91, 13 et saep.:

longius,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 22 al.:

valde magnum,

id. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 2, § 7:

medicinam alicui,

to administer, id. Fam. 14, 7:

memoriam,

Quint. 11, 2, 4:

mentionem,

Cic. Q. Fr. 2, 11, 2:

metum,

to excite, Tac. A. 6, 36:

turbida lux metum insidiarum faciebat,

suggested, Liv. 10, 33, 5:

metum alicui,

id. 9, 41, 11:

missum aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 134:

modum irae,

Liv. 4, 50, 4:

moram,

Cic. Att. 16, 2, 1; Plaut. Most. 1, 1, 72:

morem alicujus rei sibi,

Liv. 35, 35, 13:

motus,

id. 28, 46, 8: multam alicui, Cato ap. Gell. 11, 1, 6:

munditias,

id. R. R. 2, 4:

mutationem,

Cic. Sest. 12, 27; id. Off. 1, 33, 120:

multa alicui,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 5, § 16:

naufragium,

to suffer, id. Fam. 16, 9, 1:

negotium alicui,

to give to do, make trouble for, Quint. 5, 12, 13; Just. 21, 4, 4:

nomen alicui,

Liv. 8, 15, 8; cf.

nomina,

to incur debts, Cic. Off. 3, 14, 59:

odium vitae,

Plin. 20, 18, 76, § 199:

officium suum,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 5, 12:

omnia amici causa,

Cic. Lael. 10, 35; id. Fam. 5, 11, 2:

opinionem alicui,

id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 45:

orationem,

id. de Or. 1, 14, 63; id. Brut. 8, 30; id. Or. 51, 172:

otia alicui,

to grant, Verg. E. 1, 6:

pacem,

to conclude, Cic. Off. 3, 30, 109:

pecuniam ex aliqua re,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

periculum,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 23; id. Heaut. 2, 1, 9; Tac. A. 13, 33; 16, 19; Sall. C. 33, 1: perniciem alicui, to cause, = parare, Tac. H. 2, 70:

planum,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

potestatem,

id. Cat. 3, 5, 11; id. Rep. 2, 28:

praedam,

Caes. B. G. 4, 34, 5; Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 60, § 156; Plaut. Poen. 3, 6, 8:

praedas ab aliquo,

Nep. Chabr. 2, 2:

proelium,

to join, Caes. B. G. 1, 13; Cic. Deiot. 5, 13; Liv. 25, 1, 5; Tac. H. 4, 79; id. A. 12, 40:

promissum,

Cic. Off. 3, 25, 95:

pudorem,

Liv. 3, 31, 3:

ratum,

id. 28, 39, 16:

rem,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 12:

reum,

to accuse, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38: risum, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 40; 48:

scelus,

to commit, Tac. H. 1, 40:

securitatem alicui,

Liv. 36, 41, 1:

sermonem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 26, § 66:

significationem ignibus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 33, 3:

silentium,

Liv. 24, 7, 12:

somnum,

to induce, Juv. 3, 282:

spem,

Cic. Att. 3, 16; Liv. 30, 3, 7:

spiritus,

id. 30, 11, 3:

stercus,

Col. 2, 15:

stipendia,

Sall. J. 63, 3; Liv. 3, 27, 1; 5, 7, 5:

stomachum alicui,

Cic. Att. 5, 11, 2; id. Fam. 1, 9, 10:

suavium alicui,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 53:

suspicionem,

Cic. Fl. 33, 83:

taedium alicujus rei,

Liv. 4, 57, 11:

terrorem iis,

to inflict, id. 10, 25, 8:

timorem,

to excite, id. 6, 28, 8:

mihi timorem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2:

totum,

Dig. 28, 5, 35:

transitum alicui,

Liv. 26, 25, 3:

turbam,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 2:

urinam,

Col. 6, 19:

usum,

Quint. 10, 3, 28:

vadimonium,

Cic. Quint. 18, 57:

verbum, verba,

to speak, talk, id. Verr. 2, 4, 65, § 147:

verbum,

to invent, id. Fin. 3, 15, 51:

versus,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 5:

vestigium,

id. Rab. Post. 17, 47: viam [p. 717] sibi, Liv. 3, 5, 6:

vim alicui or in aliquem,

id. 38, 24, 4; 3, 5, 5:

vires,

to get, acquire, Quint. 10, 3, 3:

vitium,

Cic. Top. 3, 15 al. —

With ut, ne, quin, or the simple subj.:

faciam, ut ejus diei locique meique semper meminerit,

Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 20:

facere ut remigret domum,

id. Pers. 4, 6, 3; id. Capt. 3, 4, 78; 4, 2, 77:

ea, quantum potui, feci, ut essent nota nostris,

Cic. Ac. 1, 2, 8:

facito, ut sciam,

id. Att. 2, 4, 4:

non potuisti ullo modo facere, ut mihi illam epistolam non mitteres,

id. ib. 11, 21, 1:

si facis ut patriae sit idoneus,

Juv. 14, 71:

ut nihil ad te dem litterarum facere non possum,

Cic. Ac. 8, 14, 1; for which, with quin:

facere non possum, quin ad te mittam,

I cannot forbear sending, id. ib. 12, 27, 2:

fecisti, ut ne cui maeror tuus calamitatem afferret,

id. Clu. 60, 168:

fac, ne quid aliud cures,

id. Fam. 16, 11, 1:

domi assitis, facite,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 53:

fac fidele sis fidelis,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 79:

fac cupidus mei videndi sis,

Cic. Fam. 5, 21, 5:

fac cogites,

id. ib. 11, 3, 4.—In pass.:

fieri potest, ut recte quis sentiat, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 3, 6: potest fieri, ut iratus dixerit, etc., Crass. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 285:

nec fieri possit, ut non statim alienatio facienda sit,

id. Lael. 21, 76; so with ut non, id. Verr. 2, 2, 77, § 190 (Zumpt, Gram. § 539).—

With inf. = efficere, curare, to cause (rare):

nulla res magis talis oratores videri facit,

Cic. Brut. 38, 142; Pall. 6, 12:

aspectus arborum macrescere facit volucres inclusas,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 3; Sall. Fragm. ap. Sen. Ep. 114:

qui nati coram me cernere letum Fecisti,

Verg. A. 2, 539; Ov. H. 17, 174:

mel ter infervere facito,

Col. 12, 38, 5 (perh. also in Ov. H. 6, 100, instead of favet, v. Loers. ad h. l.; cf. infra, B. 4.).—

Absol.:

ego plus, quam feci, facere non possum,

Cic. Fam. 11, 14, 3:

faciam, ut potero, Laeli,

id. de Sen. 3, 7; cf. id. Rep. 1, 24:

noli putare, pigritia me facere, quod non mea manu scribam,

id. Att. 16, 15, 1; so,

facere = hoc or id facere,

Lucr. 4, 1112 (cf. Munro ad loc.); 1153: vereor ne a te rursus dissentiam. M. Non facies, Quinte, Cic. Leg. 3, 15, 33;

so after scribam,

id. Att. 16, 16, 15:

nominaverunt,

id. Rep. 2, 28, 50;

after disserere: tu mihi videris utrumque facturus,

id. ib. 2, 11, 22;

after fingere: ut facit apud Platonem Socrates,

id. ib.:

necesse erit uti epilogis, ut in Verrem Cicero fecit,

Quint. 6, 1, 54:

qui dicere ac facere doceat,

id. 2, 3, 11:

faciant equites,

Juv. 7, 14; Liv. 42, 37, 6:

petis ut libellos meos recognoscendos curem. Faciam,

Plin. Ep. 4, 26, 1; 5, 1, 4 et saep. (cf. the use of facio, as neutr., to resume or recall the meaning of another verb, v. II. E. infra; between that use and this no line can be drawn).

In partic.

With a double object, to make a thing into something, to render it something:

senatum bene firmum firmiorem vestra auctoritate fecistis,

Cic. Phil. 6, 7, 18:

te disertum,

id. ib. 2, 39 fin.:

iratum adversario judicem,

id. de Or. 1, 51, 220:

heredem filiam,

to appoint, constitute, id. Verr. 2, 1, 43, § 111:

aliquem regem,

Just. 9, 6:

aliquem ludos,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 75:

aliquem absentem rei capitalis reum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 38, § 93:

animum dubium,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 27:

injurias irritas,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 26, § 63:

vectigalia sibi deteriora,

Caes. B. G. 1, 36, 4:

hi consules facti sunt,

Cic. de Sen. 5, 14:

disciplina doctior facta civitas,

id. Rep. 2, 19:

di ex hominibus facti,

id. ib. 2, 10; cf.:

tua virtute nobis Romanos ex amicis amicissimos fecisti,

Sall. J. 10, 2.—In pass.:

quo tibi sumere depositum clavum fierique tribuno?

to become a tribune, Hor. S. 1, 6, 25.—

to value, esteem, regard a person or thing in any manner (like the Engl. make, in the phrase to make much of).—Esp. with gen. pretii:

in quo perspicere posses, quanti te, quanti Pompeium, quem unum ex omnibus facio, ut debeo, plurimi, quanti Brutum facerem,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 2:

te quotidie pluris feci,

id. ib. 3, 4, 2:

voluptatem virtus minimi facit,

id. Fin. 2, 13, 42:

dolorem nihili facere,

to care nothing for, to despise, id. ib. 27, 88:

nihili facio scire,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 42:

negat se magni facere, utrum, etc.,

Quint. 11, 1, 38:

parum id facio,

Sall. J. 85, 31: si illi aliter nos faciant quam aequum sit. Plaut. Stich. 1, 1, 43.—

With gen., to make a thing the property of a person, subject it to him: omnia, quae mulieris fuerunt, viri fiunt, Cic. Top. 4, 23.—Esp.: facere aliquid dicionis alicujus, to reduce to subjection under a person or power:

omnem oram Romanae dicionis fecit,

Liv. 21, 60, 3:

dicionis alienae facti,

id. 1, 25, 13; 5, 27, 14; cf.: ut munus imperii beneficii sui faceret, to make it ( seem) his own bounty, Just. 13, 4, 9:

ne delecto imperatore alio sui muneris rempublicam faceret,

Tac. A. 15, 52.—

To represent a thing in any manner, to feign, assert, say. —Constr. with acc. and adj. or part., or with acc. and inf.

Acc. and part.:

in eo libro, ubi se exeuntem e senatu et cum Pansa colloquentem facit,

id. Brut. 60, 218:

Xenophon facit... Socratem disputantem,

id. N. D. 1, 12, 31; cf.:

ejus (Socratis) oratio, qua facit eum Plato usum apud judices,

id. Tusc. 1, 40 fin. al.—

Acc. and inf.:

qui nuper fecit servo currenti in via decesse populum,

Ter. Heaut. prol. 31:

fecerat et fetam procubuisse lupam,

Verg. A. 8, 630; cf. Ov. M. 6, 109, v. Bach ad h. l.:

poetae impendere apud inferos saxum Tantalo faciunt,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 16, 35:

quem (Herculem) Homerus apud inferos conveniri facit ab Ulixe,

id. N. D. 3, 16, 41:

Plato construi a deo mundum facit,

id. ib. 1, 8, 19:

Plato Isocratem laudari fecit a Socrate,

id. Opt. Gen. 6, 17; id. Brut. 38, 142:

M. Cicero dicere facit C. Laelium,

Gell. 17, 5, 1:

caput esse faciunt ea, quae perspicua dicunt,

Cic. Fia. 4, 4, 8, v. Madv. ad h. l.—

In double construction:

Polyphemum Homerus cum ariete colloquentem facit ejusque laudare fortunas,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 39 fin. —

To make believe, to pretend:

facio me alias res agere,

Cic. Fam. 15, 18:

cum verbis se locupletem faceret,

id. Fl. 20:

me unum ex iis feci, qui, etc.,

id. Planc. 27, 65.—

Hypothetically in the imper. fac, suppose, assume:

fac, quaeso, qui ego sum, esse te,

Cic. Fam. 7, 23, 1; cf.:

fac potuisse,

id. Phil. 2, 3, 5:

fac animos non remanere post mortem,

id. Tusc. 1, 34, 82; 1, 29, 70:

fac velit,

Stat. Ach. 2, 241:

fac velle,

Verg. A. 4, 540.—

In mercant. lang., to practise, exercise, follow any trade or profession:

cum mercaturas facerent,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 28, § 72:

naviculariam,

id. ib. 2, 5, 18, §

46: argentariam,

id. ib. 2, 5, 49, § 155; id. Caecin. 4, 10:

topiariam,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 2, § 5:

haruspicinam,

id. Fam. 6, 18, 1:

praeconium,

id. ib.; so,

piraticam,

id. Post. Red. in Sen. 5, 11:

medicinam,

Phaedr. 1, 14, 2.—

In relig. lang., like the Gr. rhezein, to perform or celebrate a religious rite; to offer sacrifice, make an offering, to sacrifice:

res illum divinas apud eos deos in suo sacrario quotidie facere vidisti,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 8, § 18:

sacra pro civibus,

id. Balb. 24, 55:

sacrificium publicum,

id. Brut. 14, 56.— Absol.:

a sacris patriis Junonis Sospitae, cui omnes consules facere necesse est, consulem avellere,

Cic. Mur. 41, 90.—With abl.:

cum faciam vitula pro frugibus,

Verg. E. 3, 77:

catulo,

Col. 2, 22, 4.— Pass. impers.:

cum pro populo fieret,

Cic. Att. 1, 13, 3:

quibus diis decemviri ex libris ut fieret, ediderunt,

Liv. 37, 3, 5.—

In gram., to make, form in inflecting:

cur aper apri et pater patris faciat?

Quint. 1, 6, 13; so id. 14; 15; 27; cf.:

sic genitivus Achilli et Ulixi fecit,

id. 1, 5, 63; 1, 6, 26:

eadem (littera) fecit ex duello bellum,

id. 1, 4, 15.—

In late Lat., (se) facere aliquo, to betake one's self to any place:

intra limen sese facit,

App. 5, p. 159, 25;

without se: homo meus coepit ad stelas facere,

Petr. 62:

ad illum ex Libya Hammon facit,

Tert. Pall. 3.—

Peculiar phrases.

Quid faciam (facias, fiet, etc.), with abl., dat., or (rare) with de, what is to be done with a person or thing? quid hoc homine facias? Cic. Sest. 13, 29; id. Verr. 2, 2, 16, § 40:

nescit quid faciat auro,

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 100:

quid tu huic homini facias?

Cic. Caecin. 11, 30; cf.:

quid enim tibi faciam,

id. Att. 7, 3, 2: quid faceret huic conclusioni, i. e. how should he refute, etc., id. Ac. 2, 30, 96:

quid facias illi?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 63:

miserunt Delphos consultum quidnam facerent de rebus suis,

Nep. Them. 2: quid fecisti scipione? what have you done with the stick? or, what has become of it? Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 6; cf. id. ib. 5, 4, 9.—In pass.:

quid Tulliola mea fiet?

Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 3:

quid illo fiet? quid me?

id. Att. 6, 1, 14:

quid fiet artibus?

id. Ac. 2, 33, 107:

quid mihi fiet?

Ov. A. A. 1, 536:

quid de illa fiet fidicina igitur?

Plaut. Ep. 1, 2, 48: de fratre quid fiet? Ter. Ad. 5, 9, 39.— Absol.:

quid faciat Philomela? fugam custodia claudit?

Ov. M. 6, 572:

quid facerem? neque servitio me exire licebat, etc.,

Verg. E. 1, 41 al. —

Fit, factum est aliquo or aliqua re, it happens to, becomes of a person or thing:

volo Erogitare, meo minore quid sit factum filio,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 32:

nec quid deinde iis (elephantis) factum sit, auctores explicant,

Plin. 8, 6, 6, § 17:

quid eo est argento factum?

Plaut. Most. 3, 1, 106.—Hence,

Esp., si quid factum sit aliquo, if any thing should happen to one (i. q. si quid acciderit humanitus), euphemistically for if one should die:

si quid eo factum esset, in quo spem essetis habituri?

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 20, 59; cf.:

eum fecisse aiunt, sibi quod faciendum fuit,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 1, 23. —

Ut fit, as it usually happens, as is commonly the case:

praesertim cum, ut fit, fortuito saepe aliquid concluse apteque dicerent,

Cic. Or. 53, 177:

queri, ut fit, incipiunt,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 23, § 56:

dum se uxor, ut fit, comparat,

id. Mil. 10, 28:

fecit statim, ut fit, fastidium copia,

Liv. 3, 1, 7.—

Fiat, an expression of assent, so be it! very good! fiat, geratur mos tibi, Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 146; id. As. 1, 1, 27; id. Am. 2, 2, 138; id. Most. 4, 3, 44 al.—

Dictum ac factum, no sooner said than done, without delay, at once; v. dictum under dico, A. d.—

In certain phrases the ellipsis of facere is common, e. g. finem facere:

Quae cum dixisset, Cotta finem,

Cic. N. D. 3, 40, 94; id. Fin. 4, 1 init. —With nihil aliud quam, quid alium quam, nihil praeterquam, which often = an emphatic Engl. only (but not in Cic.):

Tissaphernes nihil aliud quam bellum comparavit,

Nep. Ages. 2:

per biduum nihil aliud quam steterunt parati,

Liv. 34, 46; Suet. Caes. 20; id. Aug. 83; Liv. 2, 63; 4, 3; 3, 26.—So with nihil amplius quam, nihil prius quam, nihil minus quam, Liv. 26, 20; 35, 11; Suet. Dom. 3.

With adverbs, to do, deal, or act in any manner:

recta et vera loquere, sed neque vere neque recte adhuc Fecisti umquam,

Plaut. Capt. 5, 2, 7;

v. recte under rego: bene fecit Silius, qui transegerit,

Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1:

seu recte seu perperam,

to do right or wrong, id. Quint. 8, 31:

Dalmatis di male faciant,

id. Fam. 5, 11 fin.:

facis amice,

in a friendly manner, id. Lael. 2, 9; cf.:

per malitiam,

maliciously, id. Rosc. Com. 7, 21:

humaniter,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 1, 1:

imperite,

id. Leg. 1, 1, 4:

tutius,

Quint. 5, 10, 68:

voluit facere contra huic aegre,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10: bene facere, to profit, benefit (opp. male facere, to hurt, injure), Ter. Ad. 5, 8, 25; 5, 7, 19; Plaut. Most. 3, 2, 22; id. Capt. 5, 2, 23; v. also under benefacio and benefactum.—

Facere cum or ab aliquo, to take part with one, to side with one; and opp. contra (or adversus) aliquem, to take part against one:

si respondisset, idem sentire et secum facere Sullam,

Cic. Sull. 13, 36; cf.:

cum illo consulem facere,

id. Att. 6, 8, 2; and:

secum consules facere,

id. Planc. 35, 86:

auctoritatem sapientissimorum hominum facere nobiscum,

id. Caecin. 36, 104; cf.:

rem et sententiam interdicti mecum facere fatebatur,

id. ib. 28, 79:

cum veritas cum hoc faciat,

is on his side, id. Quint. 30, 91:

commune est, quod nihilo magis ab adversariis quam a nobis facit,

id. Inv. 1, 48, 90:

omnes damnatos, omnes ignominia affectos illac (a or cum Caesare) facere,

id. Att. 7, 3, 5:

quae res in civitate duae plurimum possunt, eae contra nos ambae faciunt in hoc tempore,

id. Quint. 1, 1:

neque minus eos cum quibus steterint quam adversus quos fecerint,

Nep. Eum. 8, 2:

cum aliquo non male facere,

to be on good terms with, Ov. Am. 3, 762.—

In late Lat. facere cum aliqua = vivere cum aliqua, to live in matrimony, to be married, Inscr. Orell. 4646. —

Ad aliquid, alicui, or absol., to be good or of use for any thing; to be useful, of service:

chamaeleon facit ad difficultatem urinae,

Plin. 22, 18, 21, § 46; Scrib. Comp. 122:

ad talem formam non facit iste locus,

Ov. H. 16, 190; cf. id. ib. 6, 128; id. Am. 1, 2, 16 al.:

radix coronopi coeliacis praeclare facit,

Plin. 22, 19, 22, § 48; so with dat., Plin. Val. 2, 1; Prop. 3 (4), 1, 20:

facit autem commode ea compositio, quam, etc.,

Col. 7, 5, 7; 8, 17, 13:

nec caelum, nec aquae faciunt, nec terra, nec aurae,

do not benefit me, Ov. Tr. 3, 8, 23:

mire facit in peroratione confessio,

Quint. 11, 3, 173; 171; cf. with a subject-clause: plurimum facit, totas diligenter [p. 718] nosse causas, id. 6, 4, 8: ad aliquid or alicui signifies also to suit, fit:

non faciet capiti dura corona meo,

Prop. 3, 1, 19; cf. Ov. H. 16, 189.—

Like the Gr. poiein or dran, and the Engl. to do, instead of another verb (also for esse and pati):

factum cupio (sc. id esse),

Plaut. Truc. 4, 4, 24:

factum volo,

id. Bacch. 3, 3, 91; id. Most. 3, 2, 104:

an Scythes Anacharsis potuit pro nihilo pecuniam ducere, nostrates philosophi facere non potuerunt?

Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 90:

nihil his in locis nisi saxa et montes cogitabam: idque ut facerem, orationibus inducebar tuis,

id. Leg. 2, 1, 2; cf.:

Demosthenem, si illa pronuntiare voluisset, ornate splendideque facere potuisse,

id. Off. 1, 1 fin.; and:

cur Cassandra furens futura prospiciat, Priamus sapiens hoc idem facere nequeat?

id. Div. 1, 39, 85; so id. Ac. 2, 33, 107; id. Att. 1, 16, 13; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 18, 2; Nep. Chabr. 3, 4; 4, 3 al.:

vadem te ad mortem tyranno dabis pro amico, ut Pythagoreus ille Siculo fecit tyranno (here also with the case of the preceding verb),

Cic. Fin. 2, 24 fin. (v. Madv. ad h. l. p. 278):

jubeas (eum) miserum esse, libenter quatenus id facit (i. e. miser est),

what he is doing, Hor. S. 1, 1, 64:

in hominibus solum existunt: nam bestiae simile quiddam faciunt (i. q. patiuntur or habent),

Cic. Tusc. 4, 14; so,

ne facias quod Ummidius quidam (= ne idem experiaris, ne idem tibi eveniat),

Hor. S. 1, 1, 94. —

Facere omitted, especially in short sentences expressing a judgment upon conduct, etc.:

at stulte, qui non modo non censuerit, etc.,

Cic. Off. 3, 27, 101.—Hence,

factus, a, um, P. a.

As adjective ante-class. and very rare:

factius nihilo facit, sc. id, i. e. nihilo magis effectum reddit,

is no nearer bringing it about, Plaut. Trin. 2, 3, 6; cf. Lorenz ad loc.—Far more freq.,

In the neutr. as subst.: factum, i ( gen. plur. factum, Enn. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 31, 66 Trag. 81), that which is done, a deed, act, exploit, achievement (syn.: res gestae, facinus).

In gen.:

depingere,

Ter. Phorm. 1, 5, 38:

facere factum,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 5; id. Mil. 3, 1, 139:

dicta et facta,

Ter. Eun. 5, 4, 19; id. Heaut. 4, 5, 12:

opus facto est,

id. Phorm. 4, 5, 4:

ecquod hujus factum aut commissum non dicam audacius, sed, etc.,

Cic. Sull. 26, 72: meum factum probari abs te triumpho gaudio, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16, A. 1;

14, 9, 2: quod umquam eorum in re publica forte factum exstitit?

id. ib. 8, 14, 2:

praeclarum atque divinum,

id. Phil. 2, 44, 114:

egregium,

id. Fam. 10, 16, 2; id. Cael. 10, 23:

factum per se improbabile,

Quint. 7, 4, 7; 6, 1, 22:

illustre,

Nep. Arist. 2, 2; cf.:

illustria et gloriosa,

Cic. Fin. 1, 11, 37:

forte,

id. Att. 8, 14, 2:

dira,

Ov. M. 6, 533:

nefanda,

id. H. 14, 16 al.; but also with the adv.:

recte ac turpiter factum,

Caes. B. G. 7, 80, 5; cf.:

multa huius (Timothei) sunt praeclare facta sed haec maxime illustria,

Nep. Timoth. 1, 2;

v. Zumpt, Gram. § 722, 2: dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 40:

quo facto aut dicto adest opus,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 15 et saep.:

famam extendere factis,

Verg. A. 10, 468: non hominum video. non ego facta boum, doings, i. e. works, Ov. H. 10, 60.—

In partic., bonum factum, like the Gr. agathê tuchê, a good deed, i. e. well done, fortunate (ante-class. and post-Aug.):

bonum factum'st, edicta ut servetis mea,

Plaut. Poen. prol. 16; cf. id. ib. 44; cf.:

hoc factum est optimum, ut, etc.,

id. Ps. 1, 2, 52:

majorum bona facta,

Tac. A. 3, 40; cf. id. ib. 3, 65. —At the commencement of edicts, Suet. Caesar, 80; id. Vit. 14; Aur. Vict. Vir. Ill. 49, 17; Tert. Pudic. 1.—(But in the class. per. factum in this sense is a participle, and is construed with an adv.:

bene facta,

Sall. C. 8, 5; id. J. 85, 5; Cic. Tusc. 2, 26, 64:

recte, male facta,

id. Off. 2, 18, 62:

male facto exigua laus proponitur,

id. Leg. Agr. 2, 2, 5; id. Brut. 43, 322; Quint. 3, 7, 13; cf. Krebs, Antibarb. p. 460).—

facteon, a word jestingly formed by Cicero, after the analogy of the Greek, for faciendum: quare, ut opinor, philosophêteon, id quod tu facis, et istos consulatus non flocci facteon, Cic. Att. 1, 16, 13 Orell. N. cr. (for facteon, Ernesti has eateon).

prĕmo, essi, essum, 3, v. a. [etym. dub.; cf. prelum], to press (class.).

Lit.:

pede pedem alicui premere,

Plaut. As. 4, 1, 30:

et trepidae matres pressere ad pectora natos,

Verg. A. 7, 518:

veluti qui sentibus anguem Pressit humi nitens,

id. ib. 2, 379:

novercae Monstra manu premens,

id. ib. 8, 288:

pressit et inductis membra paterna rotis,

i. e. drove her chariot over her father's body, Ov. Ib. 366:

trabes Hymettiae Premunt columnas,

press, rest heavily upon them, Hor. C. 2, 18, 3:

premere terga genu alicujus,

Ov. Am. 3, 2, 24:

ubera plena,

i. e. to milk, id. F. 4, 769:

vestigia alicujus,

to tread in, to follow one's footsteps, Tac. A. 2, 14:

nudis pressit qui calcibus anguem,

Juv. 1, 43:

dente frena,

to bite, to champ, Ov. M. 10, 704:

ore aliquid,

to chew, eat, id. ib. 5, 538; cf.:

aliquid morsu,

Lucr. 3, 663:

presso molari,

with compressed teeth, Juv. 5, 160:

pressum lac,

i. e. cheese, Verg. E. 1, 82.—In mal. part.:

Hister Peucen premerat Antro,

forced, Val. Fl. 8, 256:

uxorem,

Suet. Calig. 25.—Of animals:

feminas premunt galli,

Mart. 3, 57, 17.—

Transf.

Poet., to bear down upon, to touch:

premere litora,

Ov. M. 14, 416:

litus,

to keep close to the shore, Hor. C. 2, 10, 3:

aëra,

i. e. to fly, Luc. 7, 835.—

Poet., to hold fast, hold, firmly grasp:

premere frena manu,

Ov. M. 8, 37:

ferrum,

to grasp, Sil. 5, 670:

capulum,

id. 2, 615.—

Poet., to press a place with one's body, i. e. to sit, stand, lie, fall, or seat one's self on any thing:

toros,

Ov. H. 12, 30:

sedilia,

id. M. 5, 317:

hoc quod premis habeto,

id. ib. 5, 135:

et pictam positā pharetram cervice premebat,

id. ib. 2, 421:

humum,

to lie on the ground, id. Am. 3, 5, 16; cf. id. F. 4, 844:

frondes tuo premis ore caducas,

id. M. 9, 650; Sen. Hippol. 510.—

To cover, to conceal by covering (mostly poet.):

aliquid terrā,

to conceal, bury in the earth, Hor. Epod. 1, 33:

nonumque prematur in annum,

kept back, suppressed, id. A. P. 388:

omne lucrum tenebris alta premebat humus,

Ov. Am. 3, 8, 36:

ossa male pressa,

i. e. buried, id. Tr. 5, 3, 39; Plin. 2, 79, 81, § 191; hence, to crown, to cover or adorn with any thing:

ut premerer sacrā lauro,

Hor. C. 3, 4, 18:

molli Fronde crinem,

Verg. A. 4, 147:

canitiem galeā,

id. ib. 9, 612:

mitrā capillos,

Ov. F. 4, 517; cf. Verg. A. 5, 556.—

To make, form, or shape any thing by pressing ( poet.):

quod surgente die mulsere horisque diurnis, Nocte premunt,

they make into cheese, Verg. G. 3, 400:

os fingit premendo,

id. A. 6, 80:

caseos,

id. E. 1, 35:

mollem terram,

Vulg. Sap. 15, 7; Calp. Ecl. 5, 34.—

To press hard upon, bear down upon, to crowd, pursue closely:

hostes de loco superiore,

Caes. B. G. 7, 19:

Pompeiani nostros premere et instare coeperunt,

id. B. C. 3, 46:

hac fugerent Graii, premeret Trojana juventus,

Verg. A. 1, 467:

Pergamenae naves cum adversarios premerent acrius,

Nep. Hann. 11, 5:

hinc Rutulus premit, et murum circumsonat armis,

Verg. A. 8, 473:

obsidione urbem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 32.—Of the pursuit or chase of animals:

ad retia cervum,

Verg. G. 3, 413:

spumantis apri cursum clamore,

id. A. 1, 324:

bestias venatione,

Isid. 10, 282.—

To press down, burden, load, freight:

nescia quem premeret,

on whose back she sat, Ov. M. 2, 869:

tergum equi,

id. ib. 8, 34;

14, 343: et natat exuviis Graecia pressa suis,

Prop. 4, 1, 114 (5, 1, 116):

pressae carinae,

Verg. G. 1, 303:

pressus membra mero,

Prop. 2, 12 (3, 7), 42:

magno et gravi onere armorum pressi,

Caes. B. G. 4, 24:

auro phaleras,

to adorn, Stat. Th. 8, 567.—

To press into, force in, press upon:

(caprum) dentes in vite prementem,

Ov. F. 1, 355:

presso sub vomere,

Verg. G. 2, 356; cf.:

presso aratro,

Tib. 4, 1, 161:

alte ensem in corpore,

Stat. Th. 11, 542:

et nitidas presso pollice finge comas,

Prop. 3, 8 (4, 9), 14:

et cubito remanete presso,

leaning upon, Hor. C. 1, 27, 8. —

To make with any thing ( poet.):

aeternā notā,

Ov. F. 6, 610:

littera articulo pressa tremente,

id. H. 10, 140:

multā via pressa rotā,

id. ib. 18, 134.—

To press down, let down, cause to sink down, to lower:

nec preme, nec summum molire per aethera currum,

Ov. M. 2, 135:

humanaeque memor sortis, quae tollit eosdem, Et premit,

id. Tr. 3, 11, 67:

mundus ut ad Scythiam Rhiphaeasque arduus arces Consurgit, premitur Libyae devexus in Austros,

sinks down, Verg. G. 1, 240; Sen. Herc. Fur. 155. —

In partic.

To set, plant:

virgulta per agros,

Verg. G. 2, 346; 26.—

To make or form by pressing down, to make any thing deep, to dig:

vestigio leviter presso,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 24, § 53; cf.

(trop.): vestigia non pressa leviter, sed fixa,

id. Sest. 5, 13:

sulcum premere,

to draw a furrow, Verg. A. 10, 296:

fossam transversam, inter montes pressit (al. percussit),

Front. Strat. 1, 5:

fossa pressa,

Plin. Ep. 10, 69, 4:

cavernae in altitudinem pressae,

Curt. 5, 1, 28.—

To strike to the ground, to strike down:

tres famulos,

Verg. A. 9, 329:

paucos,

Tac. H. 4, 2.—

To press closely, compress, press together, close:

oculos,

Verg. A. 9, 487:

alicui fauces,

Ov. M. 12, 509:

laqueo collum,

to strangle, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 37:

angebar ceu guttura forcipe pressus,

Ov. M. 9, 78:

presso gutture,

compressed, Verg. G. 1, 410; cf.:

siquidem unius praecordia pressit ille (boletus) senis,

i. e. stopped his breath, Juv. 6, 621:

quibus illa premetur Per somnum digitis,

choked, id. 14, 221:

amplexu presso,

united, in close embrace, Sen. Oedip. 192:

oscula jungere pressa,

to exchange kisses, Ov. H. 2, 94; so,

pressa basia,

Mart. 6, 34, 1:

presso gradu incedere,

in close ranks, foot to foot, Liv. 28, 14:

pede presso,

id. 8, 8.—

In partic.

To shorten, tighten, draw in:

pressis habenis,

Verg. A. 11, 600 (cf.:

laxas dure habenas,

id. ib. 1, 63).—

To keep short, prune:

Calenā falce vitem,

Hor. C. 1, 31, 9:

luxuriem falce,

Ov. M. 14, 628:

falce premes umbras (i. e. arbores umbrantes),

Verg. G. 1, 157; 4, 131:

molle salictum,

Calp. Ecl. 5, 110.—

To check, arrest, stop:

premere sanguinem,

Tac. A. 15, 64:

vestigia pressit,

Verg. A. 6, 197:

attoniti pressere gradum,

Val. Fl. 2, 424 ' dixit, pressoque obmutuit ore, was silent, Verg. A. 6, 155.—

To press out, bring out by pressure:

tenerā sucos pressere medullā,

Luc. 4, 318; cf.: (equus) collectumque fremens volvit sub naribus ignem, Verg. ap. Sen. Ep. 95, 68, and id. G. 3, 85 Rib.—

To frequent: feci ut cotidie praesentem me viderent, habitavi in [p. 1441] oculis, pressi forum, Cic. Planc. 27, 66.—

Trop.

To press, press upon, oppress, overwhelm, weigh down; to urge, drive, importune, pursue, to press close or hard, etc. (class.):

ego istum pro suis factis pessumis pessum premam,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 49 Lorenz ad loc.:

quae necessitas eum tanta premebat, ut, etc.,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 34, 97:

ea, quae premant, et ea, quae impendeant,

id. Fam. 9, 1, 2:

aerumnae, quae me premunt,

Sall. J. 14, 22:

pressus gravitate soporis,

bound by heavy, deep sleep, Ov. M. 15, 21:

cum aut aere alieno, aut magnitudine tributorum, aut injuriā potentium premuntur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 13:

invidia et odio populi premi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 53, 228:

premi periculis,

id. Rep. 1, 6, 10:

cum a me premeretur,

id. Verr. 2, 1, 53, § 139; cf.:

aliquem verbo,

id. Tusc. 1, 7, 13:

criminibus veris premere aliquem,

Ov. M. 14, 401:

cum a plerisque ad exeundum premeretur, exire noluit,

was pressed, urged, importuned, Nep. Ages. 6, 1:

a Pompeii procuratoribus sescentis premi coeptus est,

Cic. Att. 6, 1, 3: numina nulla premunt;

mortali urgemur ab hoste,

Verg. A. 10, 375:

premere reum voce, vultu,

Tac. A. 3, 67:

crimen,

to pursue obstinately, Quint. 7, 2, 12:

confessionem,

to force a confession from one, id. 7, 1, 29:

argumentum etiam atque etiam,

to pursue steadily, Cic. Tusc. 1, 36, 88:

ancipiti mentem formidine pressus,

Verg. A. 3, 47:

maerore pressa,

Sen. Oct. 103:

veritate pressus negare non potuit,

overcome, overpowered, Lact. 4, 13.—

Transf.

To repress, hide, conceal (mostly poet.):

dum nocte premuntur,

Verg. A. 6, 827:

curam sub corde,

id. ib. 4, 332:

odium,

Plin. Pan. 62:

iram,

Tac. A. 6, 50:

pavorem et consternationem mentis vultu,

id. ib. 13, 16:

interius omne secretum,

Sen. Ep. 3, 4:

dolorem silentio,

Val. Max. 3, 3, 1 ext.; cf. silentia, Sil. 12, 646:

aliquid ore,

Verg. A. 7, 103:

jam te premet nox,

Hor. C. 1, 4, 16.—

To lower, diminish, undervalue, disparage, depreciate:

premendorum superiorum arte sese extollebat,

Liv. 22, 12:

arma Latini,

Verg. A. 11, 402:

opuscula ( = deprimere atque elevare),

Hor. Ep. 1, 19, 36:

famam alicujus,

Tac. A. 15, 49:

premere ac despicere,

Quint. 11, 1, 16:

premere tumentia, humilia extollere,

id. ib. 10, 4, 1.—

To surpass, exceed:

facta premant annos,

Ov. M. 7, 449:

ne prisca vetustas Laude pudicitiae saecula nostra premat,

id. P. 3, 1, 116:

quantum Latonia Nymphas Virgo premit,

Stat. S. 1, 2, 115.—

To rule ( poet.):

dicione premere populos,

Verg. A. 7, 737:

imperio,

id. ib. 1, 54:

Mycenas Servitio premet,

id. ib. 1, 285.—

To suppress, pull down, humble, degrade:

quae (vocabula) nunc situs premit,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 118:

nec premendo alium me extulisse velim,

Liv. 22, 59, 10; cf. id. 39, 41, 1:

premebat reum crimen,

id. 3, 13, 1.—

To compress, abridge, condense:

haec enim, quae dilatantur a nobis, Zeno sic premebat,

Cic. N. D. 2, 7, 20.—

To check, arrest, repress, restrain:

cursum ingenii tui, Brute, premit haec importuna clades civitatis,

Cic. Brut. 97, 332:

sub imo Corde gemitum,

Verg. A. 10, 464:

vocem,

to be silent, id. ib. 9, 324:

sermones vulgi,

to restrain, Tac. A. 3, 6.—

To store up, lay up in the mind, muse upon:

(vocem) ab ore Eripuit pater ac stupefactus numine pressit,

Verg. A. 7, 119.—Hence, pressus, a, um, P. a.

Moderate, slow, suppressed, kept down.

Lit.:

presso pede eos retro cedentes principes recipiebant,

Liv. 8, 8, 9:

presso gradu,

id. 28, 14, 14; cf.:

pressoque legit vestigia gressu,

Ov. M. 3, 17.—

Trop.

Of the voice or manner, subdued:

haec cum pressis et flebilibus modis, qui totis theatris maestitiam inferant,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 44, 106.—

Of color, lowered, depressed; hence, dark, gloomy:

color pressus,

Pall. 4, 13, 4:

color viridi pressior,

Plin. 35, 6, 13, § 32:

spadices pressi,

Serv. Verg. G. 3, 82.—

Esp., of an orator or of speech.

Compressed, concise, plain, without ornament (class.):

fiunt pro grandibus tumidi, pressis exiles, fortibus temerarii, etc.,

Quint. 10, 2, 16:

cum Attici pressi et integri, contra Asiani inflati et inanes haberentur,

id. 12, 10, 18.—Of style:

pressa et tenuia, et quae minimum ab usu cotidiano recedant,

Quint. 10, 1, 102:

pressus et demissus stilus,

Plin. Ep. 1, 8, 5; Quint. 4, 2, 117.— Comp.: in concionibus pressior, et circumscriptior, et adductior, more moderate, keeping more within bounds, Plin. Ep. 1, 16, 4.—

Close, exact, accurate:

Thucydides ita verbis aptus et pressus, ut,

Cic. de Or. 2, 13, 56: quis te fuit umquam in partiundis rebus pressior? more exact, more accurate, id. Fragm. ap. Non. 364, 24:

sicuti taxare pressius crebriusque est, quam tangere,

Gell. 2, 6, 5:

quod (periculum) observandum pressiore cautelā censeo,

stricter, greater, App. M. 5, p. 160, 36:

cogitationes pressiores,

id. ib. 5, p. 163, 32.—So of sounds, precise, intelligible:

(lingua) vocem profusam fingit atque sonos vocis distinctos et pressos facit,

Cic. N. D. 2, 59, 149.—Hence, adv.: pressē, with pressure, violently (class.): artius pressiusque conflictata, Atei. Capito ap. Gell. 10, 6, 2.—

Closely, tightly.

Lit.:

vites pressius putare,

Pall. 12, 9:

pressius colla radere,

Veg. Vet. 1, 56.—

Trop.

Of pronunciation, shortly, neatly, trimly:

loqui non aspere, non vaste, non rustice, sed presse, et aequabiliter, et leniter,

Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 45; id. Off. 1, 37, 133.—

Of the mode of expression, etc., concisely, not diffusely:

definire presse et anguste,

Cic. Or. 33, 117:

abundanter dicere, an presse,

Quint. 8, 3, 40:

pressius et astrictius scripsi,

Plin. Ep. 3, 18, 10.—

Without ornament, simply:

unum (genus oratorum) attenuate presseque, alterum sublate ampleque dicentium,

Cic. Brut. 55, 202:

aliquid describere modo pressius, modo elatius,

Plin. Ep. 4, 14, 3.—

Closely, exactly, correctly, accurately:

mihi placet agi subtilius, et pressius,

Cic. Fin. 4, 10, 24:

definiunt pressius,

id. Tusc. 4, 7, 14:

anquisitius, et exactius pressiusque disserere,

Gell. 1, 3, 21.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

incĭdo, cĭdi, cāsum, 3 ( fut. part. act. incasurus, Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97; perf. scanned incĭdĕrunt, Lucr. 6, 1174), v. n. [in-cado], to fall into or upon a thing, to fall, light upon (freq. and class.).

Lit.

In gen., constr. with in and acc.; less freq. with other prepp., with the dat., or absol.

With in and acc.:

in foveam,

Cic. Phil. 4, 5, 12:

ex spelunca saxum in crura ejus incidit,

id. Fat. 3, 6:

e nubi in nubem vis incidit ardens fulminis,

Lucr. 6, 145; cf. id. 296:

in segetem flamma,

falls, Verg. A. 2, 305:

pestilentia in urbem,

Liv. 27, 23 fin.:

ut incideret luna tum in eam metam, quae esset umbra terrae, etc.,

entered, Cic. Rep. 1, 14, 22:

in oculos,

Plin. 20, 17, 73, § 187:

incidentibus vobis in vallum portasque,

Liv. 27, 13, 2:

in laqueos,

Juv. 10, 314.—

With other prepp.:

incidit ictus Ingens ad terram duplicato poplite Turnus,

Verg. A. 12, 926:

(turris) super agmina late incidit,

id. ib. 2, 467.—

With dat.:

incidere portis,

to rush into, Liv. 5, 11, 14; 5, 26, 8:

lymphis putealibus,

Lucr. 6, 1174:

caput incidit arae,

Ov. M. 5, 104: Sagunti ruinae nostris capitibus incident, Liv. 21, 10, 10:

ultimis Romanis,

id. 28, 13, 9:

jacenti,

Stat. Th. 5, 233:

hi duo amnes confluentes incidunt Oriundi flumini,

empty, fall into, Liv. 44, 31, 4:

modo serius incidis (sol) undis,

sink, Ov. M. 4, 198.—

Absol.:

illa (hasta) volans, umeri surgunt qua tegmina summa, incidit,

Verg. A. 10, 477: incidit Adriaci spatium admirabile rhombi, i. e. into the fisherman ' s net, Juv. 4, 39. —

In partic., to fall upon, meet, or come upon unexpectedly, fall in with a person or thing.

With in and acc.:

in aliquem incurrere atque incidere,

Cic. Planc. 7, 17:

cum hic in me incidit,

id. ib. 41, 99:

C. Valerius Procillus, cum in fuga catenis vinctus traheretur, in ipsum Caesarem incidit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 53, 5:

in insidias,

Cic. Fam. 7, 3, 3; cf.:

in quos (milites), si qui ex acie fugerint, de improviso incidant,

id. Rosc. Am. 52, 151:

in manus alicujus,

id. Clu. 7, 21:

in vituperatores,

id. Fam. 7, 3, 6; 6, 1, 25.—

With inter:

inter catervas armatorum,

Liv. 25, 39.—

With dat.:

qui (oculi) quocumque inciderunt,

Cic. Mil. 1, 1; Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 13; Quint. 11, 3, 50:

sane homini praeter opinionem improviso incidi,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 74, § 182:

incidit huic Appennicolae bellator filius Anni,

Verg. A. 11, 699.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

bene quod meas potissimum manus incidisti,

App. M. 6, p. 176, 24; id. ib. p. 179, 4:

fatales laqueos,

Vulc. Gall. Avid. Caes. 2, § 2.—

Transf., to fall upon, attack, assault: triarii consurgentes... in hostem incidebant. Liv. 8, 8, 13:

postquam acrius ultimis incidebat Romanus,

id. 28, 13, 9.

Trop.

In gen., to fall into any condition.

With in and acc.:

in morbum,

Cic. Fam. 13, 29, 4: in febriculam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21 fin.:

in miserias,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24; cf.:

qui inciderant (sc. in morbum) haud facile septimum diem superabant,

Liv. 41, 21, 5:

ut si in hujusmodi amicitias ignari casu aliquo inciderint,

Cic. Lael. 12, 42:

quodsi quis etiam a culpa vacuus in amicitiam ejus inciderat,

Sall. C. 14, 4:

in honoris contentionem,

Cic. Lael. 10, 34:

in imperiorum, honorum, gloriae cupiditatem,

id. Off. 1, 8, 26:

in furorem et insaniam,

Cic. Pis. 20, 46. —

With acc. alone:

caecitatem, Ambros. de Tobia, 2: iram,

Lact. Plac. Narr. Fab. 1, 10:

amorem,

id. ib. 14, 1.—

To fall upon, befall:

eo anno pestilentia gravis incidit in urbem agrosque,

Liv. 27, 23, 6:

tantus terror incidit ejus exercitui,

fell upon, Caes. B. C. 3, 13, 2; cf.:

ut nihil incidisset postea civitati mali, quod, etc.,

happened, Cic. de Or. 1, 7, 26.—

In partic.

To fall upon accidentally; to light upon, in thought or conversation:

non consulto, sed casu in eorum mentionem incidi,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 50; id. Lael. 1, 3; cf.:

fortuito in sermonem alicujus incidere,

id. de Or. 1, 24, 111:

in eum sermonem incidere, qui, etc.,

id. Lael. 1, 2:

in varios sermones,

id. Att. 16, 2, 4:

cum in eam memoriam et recordationem nuper ex sermone quodam incidissemus,

id. Brut. 2, 9:

iterum in mentionem incidimus viri,

Tac. H. 4, 5; Plin. Ep. 9, 33, 1.—

To come or occur to one's mind:

sapiens appeteret aliquid, quodcumque in mentem incideret et quodcumque tamquam occurreret,

come into his mind, Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 43; cf. Ter. Phorm. 1, 3, 5; id. Heaut. 3, 1, 75:

redeunti, ex ipsa re mihi incidit suspicio,

id. And. 2, 2, 22; 3, 2, 21:

tanta nunc suspicio de me incidit,

id. Ad. 4, 4, 5:

dicam, verum, ut aliud ex alio incidit,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 37:

nihil te effugiet atque omne. quod erit in re occurret atque incidet,

Cic. de Or. 2, 34, 147:

potantibus his apud Sex. Tarquinium incidit de uxoribus mentio,

Liv. 1, 57, 6.—

To fall upon, happen in a certain time.

With in and acc.:

quod in id rei publicae tempus non incideris, sed veneris — judicio enim tuo, non casu in ipsum discrimen rerum contulisti tribunatum tuum—profecto vides, quanta vis, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 2, 7, 2:

quorum aetas in eorum tempora, quos nominavi, incidit,

Cic. Or. 12, 39; cf. id. Fam. 5, 15, 3:

quoniam in eadem rei publicae tempora incidimus,

id. ib. 5, 8, 3 fin.:

facies me in quem diem Romana incidant mysteria certiorem,

id. Att. 6, 1, 26:

cum in Kalendas Januarias Compitaliorum dies incidisset,

id. Pis. 4, 8:

quae (bella) in ejus aetatem gravissima inciderunt,

Quint. 12, 11, 16: in eum annum quo erat Hortensius consul futurus, incidere, to fall into, i. e. to extend the case until, etc., id. 6, 5, 4; cf.:

quintus annus cum in te praetorem incidisset,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 56, § 139.—

With acc. alone (late Lat.):

ut menses... autumnale tempus inciderent,

Sol. 1, § 44.—

To fall out, happen, occur:

et in nostra civitate et in ceteris, multis fortissimis atque optimis viris injustis judiciis tales casus incidisse,

Cic. Fam. 5, 17, 3:

si quid tibi durius inciderit,

Prop. 1, 15, 28; cf.: si casus inciderit, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 21, 6:

incidunt saepe tempora cum, etc.,

id. Off. 1, 10, 31:

eorum ipsorum, quae honesta sunt, potest incidere saepe contentio et comparatio,

id. ib. 1, 43, 152:

potest incidere quaestio,

Quint. 7, 1, 19:

verbum si quod minus usitatum incidat,

id. 2, 5, 4:

in magnis quoque auctoribus incidunt aliqua vitiosa,

id. 10, 2, 15; 11, 1, 70; Cels. 5, 27, 3: ea accidisse non quia haec facta sunt, arbitror;

verum haec ideo facta, quia incasura erant illa,

Plin. 2, 27, 27, § 97:

si quando ita incidat,

Quint. 2, 5, 5; cf.:

forte ita incidit, ut, etc.,

Liv. 26, 23, 2:

forte ita inciderat, ne, etc.,

id. 1, 46, 5.—

To fall in with, coincide, agree with, in opinion, etc.:

ne ipse incidat in Diodorum, etc.,

Cic. Fat. 8, 15.—

To stumble upon, undertake at random:

sic existumes non me fortuito ad tuam amplitudinem meis officiis amplectendam incidisse, etc.,

Cic. Fam. 5, 8, 3.— Hence in part. pres.: incĭdentĭa, subst., occurrences, events, Amm. 14, 5, 4; 22, 9, 2 al.

incīdo, cīdi, cīsum, 3, v. a. [in-caedo], to cut into, cut through, cut open, cut up (class.).

Lit.:

teneris arboribus incisis atque inflexis,

Caes. B. G. 2, 17, 4:

arbores,

Plin. 12, 14, 30, § 54; 32, § 58:

inciditur vitro, lapide, osseisve cultellis,

id. 12, 25, 54, § 115; cf.:

palmes inciditur in medullam,

id. 14, 9, 11, § 84:

venam,

to open, id. 29, 6, 58, § 126; Cels. 2, 8; Tac. A. 16, 19; cf.:

incisi nervi,

Plin. 11, 37, 88, § 218:

circa vulnus scalpello,

Cels. 5, 27, 3:

pinnas,

to clip, Cic. Att. 4, 2, 5; so,

vites falce,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

pulmo incisus,

cut up, divided, Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85; cf.:

eupatoria foliis per extremitates incisis,

i. e. notched, indented, Plin. 5, 6, 29, § 65:

nos linum incidimus, legimus,

cut through, cut, Cic. Cat. 3, 5, 10:

funem,

Verg. A. 3, 667: corpora mortuorum, to dissect, Cels. praef.:

nocentes homines vivos,

id. ib.:

quid habet haruspex cur pulmo incisus etiam in bonis extis dirimat tempus?

Cic. Div. 1, 39, 85:

si rectum limitem rupti torrentibus pontes inciderint,

cut through, broken through, Quint. 2, 13, 16:

squamisque incisus adaestuat amnis,

Stat. Th. 5, 517:

non incisa notis marmcra publicis,

engraved, Hor. C. 4, 8, 13:

tabula... his ferme incisa litteris fuit,

Liv. 6, 29 fin. —

Transf.

To cut in, to carve, engrave, inscribe on any thing; usually constr. with in and abl.; less freq. with in and acc., the dat., or absol.

With in and abl.:

id non modo tum scripserunt, verum etiam in aere incisum nobis tradiderunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; cf.:

foedus in columna aenea incisum et perscriptum,

id. Balb. 23, 53; id. Verr. 2, 2, 63, § 154:

in qua basi grandibus litteris P. Africani nomen erat incisum,

id. ib. 2, 4, 34, §

74: nomina in tabula incisa,

id. Fam. 13, 36, 1:

notum est carmen incisum in sepulcro,

id. de Sen. 17, 61; id. Pis. 29, 72; id. Font. 14, 31:

incidens litteras in fago recenti,

Plin. 16, 9, 14, § 35:

indicem in aeneis tabulis,

Suet. Aug. 101:

quae vos incidenda in aere censuistis,

Plin. Pan. 75, 1.—

With in and acc.:

quae (acta) ille in aes incidit,

Plin. Pan. 1, 7, 16:

leges in aes incisae,

Liv. 3, 57 fin.:

lege jam in aes incisā,

Suet. Aug. 28 fin.:

quod ita erit gestum, lex erit, et in aes incidi jubebitis credo illa legitima: consules populum jure rogaverunt, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 1, 10, 26.—

With dat. ( poet. and post-Aug.):

verba ceris,

Ov. M. 9, 529:

amores arboribus,

Verg. E. 10, 53:

fastos marmoreo parieti,

Suet. Gramm. 17:

nomen non trabibus aut saxis,

Plin. Pan. 54, 7; cf.:

primum aliquid da, quod possim titulis incidere,

i. e. among your titles, Juv. 8, 69.—

Absol.:

incidebantur jam domi leges,

Cic. Mil. 32, 87; cf.:

tabula his litteris incīsa,

Liv. 6, 29, 9:

sine delectu morum quisquis incisus est,

inscribed, registered, Sen. Ben. 4, 28:

Victorem litteris incisis appellare,

Macr. S. 3, 6, 11.—

To make by [p. 921] cutting, to cut (rare):

ferroque incidit acuto Perpetuos dentes et serrae repperit usum,

Ov. M. 8, 245:

novas incide faces, tibi ducitur uxor,

Verg. E. 8, 29; Col. 2, 21, 3.

Trop.

To break off, interrupt, put an end to:

poëma ad Caesarem, quod institueram, incidi,

have broken off, stopped, Cic. Q. Fr. 3, 1, 4, § 11:

inciditur omnis jam deliberatio, si intellegitur non posse fieri,

id. de Or. 2, 82, 336; cf. Liv. 32, 37, 5:

tandem haec singultu verba incidente profatur,

Stat. Th. 9, 884:

novas lites,

Verg. E. 9, 14:

ludum,

Hor. Ep. 1, 14, 36:

vocis genus crebro incidens,

broken, interrupted, Cic. de Or. 3, 58, 217.—

To cut off, cut short, take away, remove:

media,

to cut short, Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

qui mihi pinnas inciderant nolunt easdem renasci,

id. 4, 2, 5:

Tarquinius spe omni reditus incisā exsulatum Tusculum abiit,

cut off, Liv. 2, 15, 7:

spe incisā,

id. 3, 58, 6; 35, 31, 7; cf. id. 44, 6, 13; 44, 13, 3:

tantos actus,

Sil. 3, 78:

ipsam, quam promimus horam casus incidit,

Sen. Ep. 101:

testamentum,

to annul, invalidate, Dig. 28, 4, 3.—

In rhet., to make by cutting, to cut:

aequaliter particulas,

Cic. Or. 61, 205.— Hence,

incī-sum, i, n., rhet. t. t. for the Gr. komma, a section or division of a sentence, a clause: quae nescio cur, cum Graeci kommata et kôla nominent, nos non recte incisa et membra dicamus, Cic. Or. 62, 211 (for which:

incisiones et membra,

id. 64, 261):

incisum erit sensus non expleto numero conclusus, plerisque pars membri,

Quint. 9, 4, 122; cf. id. ib. 22; 32; 44; 67; 123.—

incīsē, adv., in short clauses:

quo pacto deceat incise membratimve dici,

Cic. Or. 63, 212; cf. incisim.

con-cēdo, cessi, cessum, 3, v. n. and a. (a strengthened cedo, and corresp. with it in most of its signiff.); lit., to go, walk; hence,

Neutr., with reference to the terminus a quo, to go or walk away from a place, to depart, retire, withdraw, remove from (in lit. signif. rare but class.).

In gen.:

concedite atque abscedite omnes, de viā decedite,

Plaut. Am. 3, 4, 1; so absol., Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 102; id. Hec. 4, 2, 21; cf.:

ipsae concedite silvae,

farewell, Verg. E. 10, 63.—With prep.:

a foribus,

Plaut. Most. 2, 1, 82:

abs te,

id. Pers. 1, 1, 51:

ab oculis alicujus,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91:

ex aedibus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 57.—With abl. only:

oculis,

Plaut. Ep. 5, 2, 16:

caelo,

Verg. A. 10, 215:

solio,

Sil. 3, 628.—With adv.:

hinc,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126; id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11.—

Esp.

Pregn. ( = cedo, II. A. 2.), to pass away, disappear, vanish, in Tac. (with and without vitā), to depart from life, die:

tumor et irae Concessere deūm,

Verg. A. 8, 41:

vitā,

to die, Tac. A. 1, 3; 3, 30; 6, 39; 12, 39; 14, 51; and absol.: quandoque concessero, id. ib. 4, 38; 13, 30;

the same: concessit superis ab oris,

Verg. A. 2, 91; cf.:

vitā per auras concessit ad Manes,

id. ib. 10, 820. —

With dat. or absol., prop. qs. to go out of the way for one (on account of his wishes, or his superior power or excellence), i. e. to yield to, submit, give way to, adapt one's self to.

To yield or submit to power or compulsion:

ut magnitudini medicinae doloris magnitudo concederet,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 29, 63:

certum est, concedere homini nato nemini,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 4, 15:

neque nox quoquam concedit die (i. e. diei),

id. Am. 1, 1, 120 (cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 48): cedant arma togae, concedat laurea linguae, Cic. Poët. Off. 1, 22, 77 (cf. id. Pis. 30, 74, and Quint. 11, 1, 24):

bellum ac tumultum paci atque otio concessurum,

id. Pis. 30, 73:

voluptatem concessuram dignitati,

id. Fin. 3, 1, 1:

injuriae,

Sall. J. 14, 24:

obsidioni,

i. e. permit, Tac. A. 13, 40:

operi meo concedite,

Ov. M. 8, 393; id. F. 1, 222:

naturae,

i. e. to die, Sall. J. 14, 15; so,

fato,

Plin. Pan. 11, 3:

fatis magnis,

Val. Fl. 1, 554:

apparebat aut hostibus aut civibus de victoriā concedendum esse,

Liv. 4, 6, 6; cf. so impers.:

postquam concessum propemodum de victoriā credebant,

id. 3, 60, 4.—

To give place to in excellence, dignity, rank, etc., to yield to, to give precedence:

me amantissimum tui, nemini concedentem,

Cic. Fam. 10, 3, 2; so id. ib. 4, 3, 1;

4, 3, 4: etsi de cupiditate nemini concedam,

id. Att. 12, 47, 2:

sese unis Suebis concedere,

Caes. B. G. 4, 7:

majestati ejus viri concedere,

Liv. 6, 6, 7:

aetati,

Sall. J. 11, 4; id. H. Fragm. 1, 17; cf. so impers.:

Sulla, cujus facundiae, non aetati a Manlio concessum,

id. J. 102, 4:

vigenti Silio,

Tac. A. 3, 43:

seniori Sentio,

id. ib. 2, 74:

ut vix Apronio illi de familiaritate concedere videatur,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 44, § 108:

Antario Varoque de gloriā,

Tac. H. 3, 64:

nemini in illa causā studio et cupiditate concedere,

Cic. Deiot. 10, 28:

nec amore in hanc patriam nobis concedunt,

Tac. A. 11, 24:

nec, si muneribus certes, concedat Iollas,

Verg. E. 2, 57.—With acc. of quantity (cf. 3. infra):

magistro tantulum de arte,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 40, 118:

alicui quicquam in desperatione,

id. Att. 14, 18, 3. —

To yield, submit to one's will, comply with one's wishes:

ut tibi concedam, neque tuae libidini advorsabor,

Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 3:

matri meae,

id. ib. 3, 5, 28:

concessit senatus postulationi tuae,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47:

jurisconsultis concedi,

id. Caecin. 24, 67.— Impers.:

Caesar... concedendum non putabat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7.—

Like sunchôrein tini, to assent to, concede to:

nunquamne hodie concedes mihi Neque intelleges, etc.,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 3, 22 (credes, consenties, Ruhnk.):

stultum me fateor, liceat concedere veris,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 305 (cf. in Gr. sunchôrein têi alêtheiai).—

To assent to, grant, pardon, allow, etc.:

quos (judices) alienis peccatis concessuros putes, quo facilius ipsis peccare liceat,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 96, § 223:

poëtae non ignoscit, nobis concedit,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 198:

dicto concedi,

id. Rosc. Am. 1, 3:

cui (vitio) si concedere nolis,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 140; cf. id. ib. 1, 3, 85.—Hence (cf. cedo, II. A. 3. fin.),

Act., with acc. (and dat.) aliquid alicui.

To grant, concede, allow; to consign something over to, to resign, yield, vouchsafe, confirm to, etc. (very freq. in all perr. and species of composition):

illum mihi aequius est quam me illi quae volo concedere,

Plaut. Cas. 2, 3, 47:

si nunc de tuo jure concessisses paululum,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 9:

partem octavam pretii,

Plin. Ep. 8, 2, 3:

date hoc et concedite pudori meo, ut, etc.,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 12, § 32; cf. Ter. Hec. 2, 2, 16:

alicui primas in dicendo partis,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15, 49:

amicis quicquid velint,

id. Lael. 11, 38:

neque quicquam illius audaciae,

id. Caecin. 35, 103:

doctrinam alicui,

Quint. 11, 1, 89; cf.:

artes tibi,

Cic. Quint. 30, 93:

intellegentiam, prudentiam,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

principatum imperii maritimi Atheniensibus,

Nep. Timoth. 2, 2; cf. id. Dion, 6, 3; Suet. Aug. 66; id. Tib. 4; Prop. 2 (3), 15, 37; cf.:

tempus quieti, aut luxuriae,

Sall. J. 61, 3:

tempestivum pueris ludum,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 142:

libertatem his,

Caes. B. G. 4, 15 fin.:

vitam alicui,

Suet. Caes. 68; id. Aug. 13; 16: crimen gratiae, i. e. to accuse or inform against for the sake of favor, Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 19:

peccata alicui,

to pardon him, id. Verr. 2, 1, 49, § 128:

delicta,

Suet. Ner. 29.— Pass.: Siciliam nimis celeri desperatione rerum concessam, [p. 397] had been ceded, given up, Liv. 21, 1, 5:

Scaevolae concessa est facundiae virtus,

Quint. 12, 3, 9; 10, 1, 100 et saep.:

acrius... Ulcisci, quam nunc concessum est legibus aequis,

Lucr. 5, 1148; cf. Nep. Them. 10 fin.; Suet. Tib. 18.— Poet., with in and acc.:

concessit in iras Ipse... genitor Calydona Dianae,

gave over to be punished, Verg. A. 7, 305.—

With dat. and inf.:

nec nostrā dicere linguā Concedit nobis patrii sermonis egestas,

Lucr. 1, 831; so,

ducere neptem,

Cat. 64, 29:

esse poëtis,

Hor. A. P. 373; Suet. Aug. 44 et saep.— Impers. pass.:

de re publicā nisi per concilium loqui non conceditur,

Caes. B. G. 6, 20 fin.:

quo mihi fortunam, si non conceditur uti,

Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 12; Quint. 12, 1, 37; 12, 1, 42; 8, 6, 76; Suet. Ner. 12:

servis quoque pueros hujus aetatis verberare concedimus,

Curt. 8, 8, 3:

concedunt plangere matri,

Stat. Th. 6, 134:

cum accusare etiam palam concessum sit,

Quint. 6, 3, 28; 2, 17, 27; 11, 3, 150: 8, 3, 30; 12, 3, 8 al.— Poet.:

fatis numquam concessa moveri Camarina,

not allowed. forbidden to be removed, Verg. A. 3, 700; cf.

also personally: haec ubi conceduntur esse facta, for conceditur haec esse facta,

Cic. Caecin. 15, 44.—

With acc. and inf.:

non omnia corpora vocem Mittere concedis,

you grant, Lucr. 2, 835:

oculos falli,

id. 4, 380; Quint. 2, 5, 25:

culpam inesse concedam,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 28, 76:

poëtas legendos oratori futuro,

Quint. 1, 10, 29.— Pass. impers.:

concedatur profecto verum esse, ut, etc.,

Cic. Lael. 14, 50. —

With ut or ne:

nec vero histrionibus oratoribusque concedendum est, ut iis haec apta sint, nobis dissoluta,

Cic. Off. 1, 35, 129:

verum concedo tibi ut ea praetereas, quae, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 19, 54:

concedant ut viri boni fuerint,

id. Lael. 5, 18; id. de Or. 1, 13, 57; Lucr. 2, 658:

non concedo, ut sola sint,

Quint. 6, 2, 11 al.: cui concedi potest, ut? etc., Cic. Fragm. ap. Quint. 5, 13, 21:

ut concedatur ne in conspectum veniat,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 48.—

With a simple subj.:

concedo sit dives,

Cat. 114, 5; Ov. A. A. 1, 523. —

Absol.:

beatos esse deos sumpsisti: concedimus,

Cic. N. D. 1, 31, 89; id. Verr. 2, 2, 32, § 78; cf. Quint. 1, 1, 2:

consules neque concedebant neque valde repugnabant,

Cic. Fam. 1, 2, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 44.—

= condono, to grant or yield something to one as a favor or from regard, to desist from, forbear, give up; forgive, pardon:

inimicitias rei publicae,

to give up for the sake of the State, Cic. Prov. Cons. 18, 44:

petitionem alicui,

from regard to, id. Phil. 2, 2, 4:

peccata liberum parentum misericordiae,

id. Clu. 69, 195:

cum Marcellum senatui reique publicae concessisti,

id. Marcell. 1, 3:

ut concessisti illum (sc. Marcellum) senatui, sic da hunc (sc. Ligarium) populo,

as you have pardoned him in deference to the Senate, id. Lig. 12, 37; cf. Nep. Att. 7 fin.; Tac. A. 2, 55; 4, 31:

Montanus patri concessus est,

id. ib. 16, 33 fin.

Neutr., in respect to the terminus ad quem, to go, walk, betake one's self somewhere, to retire, withdraw to, etc.; with ad, in, or adv.:

tantisper hic ego ad januam concessero,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 5, 6 Wagn.; cf.:

ad Manes,

i. e. to die, Verg. A. 10, 820:

ad victorem,

Tac. H. 2, 51:

ad dexteram,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 12:

caeli distributio docet unde fulmen venerit, quo concesserit,

Cic. Div. 2, 20, 45; so Lucr. 1, 380:

huc,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 19; id. Bacch. 4, 2, 28; id. Trin. 2, 4, 116; Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 122; Caecil. ap. Non. p. 270, 8:

istuc,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 56; Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 39:

vis animae in altum,

Lucr. 4, 919:

in delubrum,

Liv. 30, 20, 6:

in hiberna,

id. 26, 20, 6; cf.:

Carthaginem Novam in hiberna,

id. 21, 15, 3:

Argos habitatum,

Nep. Them. 8, 1:

Cythnum,

Tac. A. 3, 69:

Neapolin,

id. ib. 14, 10:

Patavium,

id. H. 3, 11:

in insulam,

id. ib. 5, 19:

in turbam,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 143:

trans Rhenum,

Tac. H. 5, 23:

concede huc a foribus,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 48:

hinc intro,

id. Ps. 1, 5, 158; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 126:

hinc aliquo ab ore eorum,

id. Heaut. 3, 3, 11; cf.:

aliquo ab eorum oculis,

Cic. Cat. 1, 7, 17:

hinc rus,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 7.—

Trop.: in aliquid, of entering into an alliance, yielding to, etc., to agree or consent to, to assent, to submit, yield, or resign one's self, to acquiesce in, to go or pass over to any thing (freq. in the histt.):

mulier, conjuncta viro, concessit in unum Conubium,

Lucr. 5, 1010; cf.:

in matrimonium,

Just. 24, 2, 10: victi omnes in gentem nomenque imperantium concessere, were merged in, passed over into, Sall. J. 18, 12; so,

in paucorum potentium jus atque dicionem,

id. C. 20, 7; cf.:

in dicionem,

Liv. 38, 16, 9:

in dominationem,

Sall. H. Fragm. 3, 22 Gerl.:

in deditionem,

Liv. 28, 7, 9; 39, 2, 4; 42, 53, 7:

in Tyrias leges,

Sil. 15, 6:

in condiciones,

Liv. 2, 33, 1:

in sententiam,

id. 32, 23, 12; 32, 36, 8; Tac. A. 1, 79 fin.; cf.: in illos, assent to, yield to them, Cic. Fragm. ap. Aug. contr. Avid. 3, 7:

in partes,

Tac. H. 2, 1.

contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.

Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).

Local.

Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.

With verb of being or position expressed or understood.

Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

Liv. 1, 18, 8:

stat contra starique jubet,

Juv. 3, 290:

stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

Mart. 1, 55, 12:

ulmus erat contra,

in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

templa vides contra,

in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

contra conserta manu,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—

Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

Manil. 2, 253:

posita contra Hispania,

Tac. Agr. 11:

promuntorium quod contra procedit,

Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—

With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.

Referring to persons:

accede ad me atque adi contra,

come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

contra adspicere,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

contra intueri,

Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

cum veniret contra Marcianus,

Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—

Of things:

hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—

Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,

In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—

In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—

Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.

In gen.:

te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

audi nunc contra jam,

listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

Liv. 1, 28, 1:

contra ut me diligat illa,

Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

cui latrans contra senex,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

contra talia reddit,

Claud. B. Gild. 379.—

With dat. pers.:

consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

facere contra huic aegre,

Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

hiscine contra insidiabere?

id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

tibi contra gratiam Referre,

id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—

With item:

item a me contra factum est,

Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—

Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

Consonat terra,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

confer gradum Contra pariter,

id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

Cat. 62, 6.—

Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

agedum pauca accipe contra,

Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.

Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.

Of physical exertion.

Lit.:

concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

at ille contra nititur,

resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—

Trop.:

te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—

Of mental exertion:

si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

siti contra... pugnandum,

Cels. 4, 2 fin. —

Of hostile opposition in gen.

Lit.:

quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—

Trop.:

aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—

Of warfare.

Lit.:

ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

Liv. 7, 39, 17:

cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

Tac. A. 11, 10.—

Trop.:

quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—

Of legal contests.

With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—

Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—

On the part of the adversary:

inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—

Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—

Of literary opposition.

Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—

With other verbs:

astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

Lucr. 5, 728:

contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—

Of public and political opposition.

With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—

With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

honores contra petere,

Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

Tac. A. 14, 45.—

Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—

With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).

Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

id. Caecin. 33, 97:

dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—

To make charges against (rare):

si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

id. Fl. 21, 51.—

In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

contra disputare and contra scribere,

id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—

To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

contradicente nullo,

Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—

To reply:

contradixit edicto,

answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —

Abl. absol. impers.:

explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—

With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—

With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).

To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

tibi,

Suet. Aug. 54:

Curioni...,

id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—

To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—

To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—

With dat. of the petition:

preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—

To contest the validity of a law (rare):

quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

Quint. 7, 7, 4.—

To contradict an assertion (very rare):

pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

Quint. 5, 10, 13.—

With quin, to object:

praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.

To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

Quint. 7, 3, 14:

cum verba (legis) contra sint,

id. 7, 1, 49:

sed experimentum contra fuit,

unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

ubi fortuna contra fuit,

id. ib. 3, 18:

si fortuna contra daret,

should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.

Of logical opposition, with negative force.

Of a direct contrast.

Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

in stultitia contra est,

with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

quod contra est,

Sall. J. 85, 21:

quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

contra fore si, etc.,

ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

ib. 41, 3, 49:

ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—

With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

contra evenit in iis morbis,

Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

ego contra sentio,

Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

licet Celsus contra scribat,

ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —

Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.

To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

quod contra, id turpe,

id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

sit sapienter usus aut contra,

Quint. 2, 5, 15:

lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

Col. 11, 3, 25.—

To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—

To a verbal predicate:

an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

Dig. 34, 5, 19.—

To a subject infinitive:

laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—

To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

mihi contra,

id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—

To an attributive genitive:

Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

Sall. J. 88, 2:

verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

Quint. 2, 4, 21:

alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—

Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.

With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

quae etiam contra valent,

i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—

Belonging to the same predicate:

ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

Cic. Or. 36, 123:

cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

Dig. 35, 2, 48:

in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

id. 1, 5, 68:

ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

Cic. Or. 42, 143:

qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.

In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).

In independent clauses.

Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

Just. 13, 1, 7.—

Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—

In opposition to a dependent clause:

ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

at contra,

Lucr. 2, 392.—

With co-ordinate conjunctions.

Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.

With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

Quint. 10, 2, 22.—

With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—

With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

Dig. 13, 7, 21:

equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—

After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

et contra,

Suet. Tit. 7.—

With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).

At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

Lucr. 2, 400:

cogunt,

id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—

Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

Liv. 45, 18, 1:

tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—

Contra autem (rare;

in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—

Contra vero (very rare;

not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —

Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—

With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).

Aut contra:

num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—

Vel contra:

hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—

Seu contra:

seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

Prop. 1, 11, 25.—

With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —

In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,

In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

aliis vero econtra videtur,

Hier. Ep. 12.—

Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—

With emphatic particles.

Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—

Immo contra (post-Aug.).

= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—

= sed contra, but on the contrary:

proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

immo contra ea,

Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—

Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.

With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.

Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.

With atque:

item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—

With ac:

itaque contra est ac dicitis,

Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

Sall. C. 60, 5.—

With ac and atque:

si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—

With quam (post-Aug.):

cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

contra quam licet,

id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—

Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

contra quam ista causa postulasset,

id. Caecin. 24, 67:

contra quam sanctum legibus est,

Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.

Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).

Local uses.

Opposite, over against, facing.

Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

Carthago Italiam contra,

Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—

Of the heavenly bodies:

donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

Lucr. 5, 708:

contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—

Of opposite ends of a line.

Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—

Of a line drawn:

contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—

Of buildings, etc.:

contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—

Of places on the human body:

id quod contra stomachum est,

Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

Cels. 4, 1 fin. —

Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

adversus, ad, e regione,

Caes. B. G. 7, 61).

In gen.:

quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

rex constiterat contra pedites,

Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

ne contra septentrionem paveris,

Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

contra solem varie refulgens,

placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—

Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

Dig. 48, 8, 4.—

Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—

Against an opposing action, etc.:

contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

contra stimulum calces,

kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—

Of local actions with hostile intent.

Lit.:

quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—

Trop.:

castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—

In partic.

Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

contra populi studium,

Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

id. ib. 79, 273; so,

a mendacio contra veritatem,

id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

contra cives in acie,

id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —

Contra aliquem ire:

aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

uti contra injurias armati eatis,

Sall. J. 31, 6:

interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—

Transf.,

To persons placed together for comparison:

C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

Quint. 10, 1, 114:

CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—

To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.

Lit. (very rare):

quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—

Prop.:

cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

id. ib. 13, 2;

so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,

Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

Petr. 7, 6.—

Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

quae contra breviter fata est vates,

Verg. A. 6, 398:

contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).

Denoting hostility or disadvantage.

With verbs of hostile action.

Of physical exertion:

pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —

Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

contra Antonium,

Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

contra patriam,

id. Sull. 20, 58:

pugnare contra patriam,

id. ib. 25, 70:

contra conjuges et liberos,

Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

armis contendere contra,

Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

arma alicui dare (trop.),

Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

aciem instruere (trop.),

Liv. 25, 4, 4:

exercitum comparare,

Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

exercitum instruere,

id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

exercitum ducere and adducere,

id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

naves ducere contra,

Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

ducere contra hostes,

Liv. 1, 27, 4:

florem Italiae educere contra,

Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

proficisci contra,

to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

juvare aliquem contra,

Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

consilium inire contra Sequanos,

to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—

Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).

In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

esse contra,

id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

causam defendere contra,

against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

actio competit contra,

Dig. 49, 14, 41:

querelam instituere contra,

ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

bonorum possessionem petere contra,

ib. 5, 2, 23:

jus obtinere contra,

Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

pugnare contra,

to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

judicare contra aliquem,

id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

pronuntiare contra,

Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

decernere contra,

Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

appellare contra aliquem,

Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

contra sententiam,

Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—

Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—

With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

causam dicere,

id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

causam perorare,

id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

testimonium in aliquem dicere,

id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

contra juris consultos dicere,

against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

contra testes dicendum est,

Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —

Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

contra Brutum,

id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

contra Academiam,

id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—

Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).

In gen.:

sentire contra,

Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

pugnare contra bonos,

id. Sull. 25, 71:

contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

Liv. 39, 32, 12.—

Of political speaking:

cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—

Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

manum comparare contra aliquem,

id. Sull. 24, 68:

conjurationem facere,

id. ib. 4, 12:

congredi,

id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—

Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—

Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—

Dependent on adjectives (rare):

contra se ipse misericors,

to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

severissimus judex contra fures,

Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—

With nouns.

Acc. to 1. b.:

ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—

Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).

Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—

Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—

Acc. to 1. f.:

contra patres concitatio et seditio,

Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.

With inanimate and abstract objects.

Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).

Of physical or moral exertion:

cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

Verg. A. 10, 567:

pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

contra verum niti,

Sall. J. 35, 8:

contra fortunam luctari,

Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—

Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

Quint. 5, 13, 30.—

Of legal contention.

Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

contra ratiocinationem,

id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

contra caput dicere,

to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

servum in caput domini interrogare,

Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—

Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

contra tabulas judicare,

Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

contra testamentum,

Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

contra sententiam dicere,

ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—

Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

inmittere in bona),

Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—

Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.

To contend that something is false:

dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

in sententiam dicere,

in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

contra sensus dicere,

Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

contra rhetoricen dicere,

Quint. 2, 17, 40.—

Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—

Ethically:

contra voluptatem dicere,

that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

contra mortem loqui,

that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

id. ib. 100, 10:

contra fortunam gloriari,

that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—

Of public and political acts and speeches:

contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

contra legem dicere or verba facere,

id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—

Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.

In gen.:

senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

contra rem publicam se commovere,

id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

incitari,

id. Sest. 47, 100:

consilia inire,

id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

conjurationem facere,

Sall. C. 30, 6:

contra salutem urbis incitari,

Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—

In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

contra salutem rei publicae facere,

Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

contra majestatem,

against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

contra leges,

Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

contra edictum (praetoris),

Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

contra foedus,

Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—

Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).

With esse expressed as the predicate:

hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

contra leges or legem est,

Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

contra officium est,

id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—

With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

aliquid contra animum audiendi,

something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —

Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—

Adverbially with the predicate.

In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

advocare contra,

Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—

With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

contra hominis salutem,

with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—

In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

pecuniam contra leges auferre,

id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

contra legem,

id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

contra jus fasque,

id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

contra jus,

Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

contra jus gentium,

Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

aliquid contra fidem constituere,

Quint. 5, 13, 34:

quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—

Dependent on substt.

Of physical strife:

scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —

Of warfare:

imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—

Of legal contention:

causa contra scriptum,

Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—

Of political speaking:

divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—

Of literary opposition:

Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—

Of hostility, etc.:

cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

Liv. 6, 40, 5.—

Of injury:

vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—

Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

contra consuetudinem somnium,

Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—

Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.

Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).

Against persons.

Dependent on verbs:

cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

Pall. 10, 3, 2.—

Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

paratus contra,

Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

Sall. J. 80, 1:

contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—

Against inanimate and abstract things.

Dependent on verbs:

contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

contra tantas difficultates providere,

Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

contra ea,

id. ib. 57, 5:

patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—