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21 διδράσκω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: aor. ἀπ-έδρᾱν, perf. ἁποδέδρακα. Also ἐκ-διδράσκω; the simplex is hardly attested; s. DELG.Derivatives: ἀπόδρασις (Hdt.). δρᾱσμός `flight' (Hdt.). - ἄδρᾱστος intr. `who does not run away' (Hdt.), also as PN ῎Αδρηστος, - δραστος (Il.); fem. Άδρά̄στεια name of Nemesis `from whom one cannot flee' (A.; s. Schwyzer 475); - δρᾱπέτης m. `runaway (slave)' (Hdt.); the - π- is unclear. δραπετεύω `run away'. δρᾱ́ψ (Ar. fr. 768; old?). Also δρασκάζω `try to run away" (Lys.).Etymology: IE [204] * dreh₂- `run' The athematic root aorist ἔ-δρᾱ-ν agrees with Skt. drā́-ti `escapes'. Root * dr-eh₂- beside * dr-em- in δραμεῖν, δρόμος.See also: s. ἀποδιδράσκω.Page in Frisk: 1,387Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διδράσκω
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22 ἕρμα 1
ἕρμα 1.Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `prop', in the Il. (and h. Ap. 507) in plur. of the supports (stones or beams), put under the ships when drawn on land; metaph. of men, `support, column' (Il.); `cliff under the sea, on which the ship gets stuck' (Alk. Supp. 26, 6, Hdt. 7, 183, Th. 7, 25); `stone, or another weight, that can serve as ballast' (Ar., Arist.); `hope of stones' (S. Ant. 848 [lyr.], AP 9, 319).Compounds: XX [etym. unknown]Derivatives: ἑρμί̄ς (or -ί̄ν), acc. ἑρμῖνα, dat. pl. - ῖσιν `post of a bed' (θ278, ψ 198, Hdt. 3, 16; cf. ῥηγμῖν- from ῥῆγμα, σταμῖν- etc.); vgl. Hdn. Gr. 2, 431 with etymological speculations. ἕρμαξ f. `heap of stones' (Nic. a. o.), Ngr. ἑρμακιά ( ἁρ-) `wall of dry stones', many derivv. in the lower Ital. diall, s. Rohlfs WB 78f.; ἕρμακες ὕφαλοι πέτραι H. (cf. λίθαξ, μύλαξ a. o.). ἑρμεών σωρὸς λίθων H. (cf. βολεών s. βάλλω etc.). ἑρματίτης πέτρος `stone serving as ballast' (Lyk. 618). ἑρματικός `standing fest, resting..' ( κράββατος, PGen. 68, 10; IVp). ἑρμαῖος λόφος `heap of stones' (π 471; uncertain, cf. on Έρμῆς). - Denomin. verbs. ἑρμάζω `support, make stable' (Hp.) with ἕρμασμα, - σμός (Hp.), ἕρμασις (Erot., also Trozen IVa [- σσ-]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 149); ἑρματίζω `id.' (Hp.). - On Έρμῆς ( Έρμείας, Έρμάων) s. v.Etymology: Difficult because of the divergent meanings. One supposed two or three diffrent words. So in WP. 1, 267 ἕρμα `cliff' is considered a separate word (with Froehde BB 17, 304) and connected with Skt. várṣman- n. `height, hill, top, point'. This etymology however disregards the most important element of cliffs under the sea. On the other hand ἕρμα as ballast of a ship in WP. 1, 265 is with Vaniček and Fick (s. also W.-Hofmann s. sērius) connected with Lith. sveriù `weigh', svarùs `heavy', OHG swār(i) ` schwer'. In the meaning `support, prop' (2, 528) one connects words for `pole etc.', e. g. Skt. sváru- `pole,...at a sacrifice', OE swer `post, column', Lat. surus `twig, sprout, pole'. But it is very doubtful whether ἕρμα ever meant `pole'. - An attempt to combime all meanings makes Porzig Satzinhalte 266: the orig. meaning would be a `stone (for propping up a ship)', from where `Ballast-stones', and on the other hand - sarcastically - also `cliffs under the sea'. - Formally ἕρμα seems a verbal noun in - μα with regular ε-vowel. For an etym. one might think of Lith. sveriù `weigh' and relatives (s. above); so orig. `heavy weight, stone', IE *su̯ér-mn̥. - Kretschmer Kleinas. Forsch. 1, 4 thinks ἕρμα is Anatolian, pointing to the Lydian river Ε῝ρμος ( πολυψήφιδα παρ' Ε῝ρμον Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 55), partly to Lycian PN in Erm-, Arm-. For non-IE origin also Chantraine L'Ant. class. 22, 69. - Wrong Gonda Mnemos. 3: 6, 165f. (Lat. sĕra, Gr. ἅρπη `sickle', IE * ser-.) - I see no reason for foreign origin.Page in Frisk: 1,562-563Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρμα 1
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23 ἥρως
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `lord, hero' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Myc. tiriseroeDerivatives: ἡρώϊος, ἡρῳ̃ος `heroic' (Pi., Pl.) with ἡρώϊον, - ῶον `sanctuary of a hero' (IA); ἡρωϊκός `id.' (Att., Arist.). Several feminine-formations (cf. on βασιλεύς): 1. ἡρωΐς (Pi.); 2. ἡρωΐνη, ἡρῴνη, ἡροΐνα (Ar., inscr.); 3. ἡρώϊσσα, ἡρῳ̃σσα (A. R., inscr.; cf. v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 9 n. 1); 4. ἡρώασσα (Creta); 5. ἡρυς (Lilybaeum IIa), prob. innovation (after θῆλυς, γρηΰς?); - ἡρωϊασταί, ἡρωϊσταί (-οϊσταί, - ωσταί) pl. ` adorer of Heros' (inscr. IVa); after the nouns in - αστής, - ιστής, s. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 175ff.; ἡρωϊσμός `adoration of heros' (Mytilene); the verb ἡρωΐζω only Eust. 4, 1, as `write epic poems'. - PN Ἥρυλλα (Chantraine Formation 252).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Not from ἡρωϜ- as was assumed, because of the Myc. form. A Pre-Greek word.Page in Frisk: 1,644-645Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἥρως
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24 κεραΐζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `destroy' (Il.).Other forms: aor. κεραΐσαι (Hdt.), - ΐξαι (Nonn.), fut. inf. κεραϊξέμεν (Π 830 after Bekker for κεραϊζέμεν),Compounds: also with ἐκ- (Call., AP),Derivatives: κεραϊστής `destroyer' (h. Merc. 336; Zumbach Neuerungen 7), κεραϊσμός `destruction' (D. H.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [578] *ḱerh₂- `damage, intr. fall apart'Etymology: The secondary present κεραΐζω, the basis of the group, may have replaced an older primary verb, which is retained in the nasalpresents Skt. śr̥ṇā́ti `breaks', OIr. ar-a-chrin `fall into decay'. The disyll. stem κερα- has an exact counterpart in Skt. aorist a-śarī-t (length of the ī secondary) and in the OIr. preterite do-cer `he fell' (IE. ḱerh₂-). In Greek he is still seen in ἀ-κέρα-ιος `unhurt', perhaps also in ἀ-κήρα-τος `id.' (η metr. lengthening?, cf. s. v.). An intermediate noun *κερα-Ϝός (Bechtel Lex. s. v.; cf. also Schwyzer 735) is improbable and unecessary. - Independent formations are κεραυνός; not here κήρ; s. vv.Page in Frisk: 1,822Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεραΐζω
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25 λεῖος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `level', of bottom a. o., `smooth', of urfaces etc. (Il.), also `rubbed, well-ground' (Delos, pap., Dsc.; cf. λε(ι)αίνω, - όω below); adv. λείως, also λέως (after τελέως, ἡδέως a. o., cf. also λε(ι)αίνω below), also metaph. `completely, quite ' (IA.; cf. Lat. plānē, NHG glatt).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. λειό-φλοιος `with smooth bark' (Thphr.), also with adverbial value (with - ω- after λε(ί)-ως), e. g. λειώλης = πανώλης (Rhodos VIa), λεω-κόνιτος, - κόρητος `changed in fine dust' resp. `swept smooth', i. e. `completely destroyed' (Theognost., H., Phot.), λεω-πάτητος `completely trodden (down)' (S. Ant. 1275 with v. l. λακ-πάτητος, s. λάξ); cf. further λεωργός = πανοῦργος, κακοῦργος (Archil. 88, 3, A. Pr. 5, X.), s. Chantraine Glotta 33, 25 ff. w. extensive treatment and many details; on λεῖος etc. also Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 89 n. 1.Derivatives: λειότης f. `smoothness' (Att.), λείαξ `beardless boy' (EM, H.); two denomin.: λε(ι)αίνω (on the phonetics Schwyzer 236, Lejeune Traité de phon. 216), also with ἐκ-, συν-, ἀπο-etc., `(make) smooth, ground' (Il.) with λε(ί)αν-σις, - τήρ, - τικός, ἐκλεα-σμός a.o. (Arist.); λειόω, also συν-, ἀπο- a. o., `id.' (Arist.) with λείω-μα `powder' (Thphr.); - σις `grinding' (Gal.).Etymology: Beside the o-stem in *λεῖϜος Latin has in lēvis `smooth' an i-stem, which may have replaced as lĕvis, brevis a. o. an older u-stem; *λεῖϜος too therefore first for *lei-u̯-os? The stemvowel is uncertain; beside lei- also lēi- has been supposed, cf. πλε(ί)ων \< *πληΐων and Schulze KZ 28, 266 n. 1 = Kl. Schr. 434 n 1; cf. W. -Hofmann s. 2. lēvis. Connection with the root of λείμαξ seems probable; s. also 2. λίς and λιτός.Page in Frisk: 2,99Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λεῖος
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26 νεκρός
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `corpse, the dead' (Il.), pl. `the dead' = `inhabitant of the Underworld' (Od., Th., LXX, NT), also attributive and adjectival (-ά, - όν) `dead' (hell.; Pi. Fr. 203 νεκρὸν ἵππον prob. predicative).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. νεκρο-δέγμων `receiving dead' (Α῝ιδης, A. Pr. 153 [lyr.]); rarely as 2. member, e.g. μυριό-νεκρος `with uncountable dead' ( μάχη, Plu.).Derivatives: 1. Subst. νεκρών, - ῶνος m. (Tegea IIa, AP), νεκρια f. (hell. pap.; on the unknown accent Scheller Oxytonierung 46) `place of the dead, grave-yard'. 2. Adj. νεκρ-ιμαῖος `belonging to a corpse', τὸ ν. `corpse' (LXX; after θνησιμ-αῖος, Chantraine Form. 49, Mél. Maspero 2, 221); νεκρ-ικός `regarding the dead', τὰν. `inheritance' (Luc., Vett. Val.); νεκρ-ώδης `corpse-like' (Luc., Gal.). 3. Verb νεκρόομαι, - όω `die, kill, enervate' (late) with νέκρωσις `be dead, the killing' (late), - ώσιμα n. pl. = νεκύσια (church-writers, gloss.; Arbenz 93: θανάσιμος), - ώματα pl. `dead bodies' (Arist.-comm.), - ωτικός `causing death' (Gal.). -- In the same meaning νέκῡς (posthom. -ῠ-) m., also adj. `dead' (ep. poet Il., also Hdt. and Gortyn; νέκυρ νεκρός. Λάκωνες H.); some compp., e.g. νεκυο-μαντήϊον, - εῖον `oracle of the dead' (Hdt.), ἰσό-νεκυς `corpse-like' (E. Or. 200 [lyr.], after ἰσό-θεος, s. on ἴσος). Derivv.: νέκυια f. `offer to the dead, so as to call up the dead' (D. S., Plu., Nic.), abstractformation in - ιᾰ for -ίᾱ as ἀλήθεια for - εία etc. (cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 248ff.); in the same meaning νεκυϊσμός (Man.; *νεκυΐζω; on the formations in - ισμός Chantraine Form. 142 ff.); νεκύσια n. pl. `feats of the dead' (hell. pap.; cf. θαλύσια, γενέσια and Stengel Herm. 43, 645ff.) with Νεκύσιος m. Cret. month-name (IIa); νεκυϊκός `belonging to the dead' (Cyran.); νεκύα f. plantname = φλόμος (Cyran.), because used in the conjuration of the dead; after καρύα, σικύα etc.; on νεκύδαλ(λ)ος s. v. -- Besides νέκες νεκροί H. with νεκ-άς, - άδος f. `heap of dead' (E 886, AP; like νιφάς etc. Bechtel Lex. s.v., Chantraine Form. 352). -- Not here νῶκαρ, - αρος n. s.v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] *neḱ-(u-) `violent death, corpse'.Etymology: The monosyllabic stem νέκ-ες agrees formally excatly to Lat. nex, necis f. `violent death, murder' and to GAv. nas- f. `need, distress', IE *neḱ-s. Also the u-stem in νέκ-υ-ς returns on Iranian soil in Av. nas-u-š gen. nas-āv-ō f. m. `corpse'; orig. the Gr. υ is short beside Iran. ŭ: āv (\< ou̯), Beeekes-Cuypers, Mnemosyne LVI(2003)485-391; wrong Schwyzer 463. Here perh. Lat. nequālia `detrimenta'. The alternatings r(o)-formation in νεκ-ρό-ς has no parallel outside Greek. ( νῶκαρ will rather be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek; Fur. 133; s.v.) Greek has no parallels to the primary verbs (e.g. Skt. náś-ya-ti, Toch. A näk-näṣ-tär `disappear, perish'). -- WP. 2, 326, Pok. 762, W.-Hofmann s. necō with further forms, Mayrhofer s. náśyati. -- Not here νέκταρ.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νεκρός
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27 πῖαρ
Grammatical information: Nom. acc. n.Meaning: `fat, tallow' (ep. Ion. Il).Derivatives: πίων, n. πῖον, f. πίειρα `fat, fertile, rich' (Il.), with as innovation πιερός, πιαρός `id.' (Hp., Arist.); comp. forms πιό-τατος, - τερος (Hom.) with new posit. πῖος (Epich., Nic.; cf. Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,5f. = Kl. Schr. 219); πιότης f. `fattness' (Hp., Arist.). Poet. enlargement πιήεις `id.' (AP). Denom. verb πιαίνω, aor. πιᾶναι, also w. δια-, κατα- a.o., `to make fat, to tallow, to enrich' (Pi., IA.) with πία-σμα n. `fattening, tallowing food' (A.), ποτι-πίαμμα n. ` fat that stayed (on the altar)' (Cyrene; on the phonetics cf. Schwyzer 524 w. n. 2), - σμός m. `fattening' (Ael.); - ντήριος (Hp.), - ντικός (Apoll. Lex.) `making fat, tallowing'. -- With λ-suffix: πιαλέος `fat' (Ion. poet.; Chantraine Form. 253), rarely πίαλος `id.' (v. l. for σίαλος [Hp.], prob. reshaped after it; cf. Güntert Reimwortbild. 127 f., where wrong on πιαλέος). -- On itself stands πιμελ-ή f. `fat, lard' (IA) with - ώδης `fatty' (Hp., Arist.), - ής `id.' (Aq., Luc.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [793] *piH-u̯er- `fat'Etymology: With πίων, πίειρα from *πίϜων, *πίϜειρα agree Skt. pī́van-, pī́varī `fat, full'; with the r-stem in πῖ[F]αρ agrees in Indo-Iran. an s-stem Skt. pī́vas- = Av. pī́vah- n. `fat, bacon'. To it, as Ind. innovation, pīvará like πιερός to πίειρα. Here still Myc. PN pi-we-ri-di, -si (Heubeck Praegraeca 42)? An old r-derivation is also supposed in OIr. īriu `earth's surface, land' (phonetically unclear). The l-stem in πιαλέος however is not found outside Greek. An old athemat. byform may be found in Epeirotic gen. sg. Πείαλ-ος (Schwyzer 484 w. lit.). -- Beside this group with the wellknown suffixvariation u̯er: u̯en: u̯es: u̯el (e.g. Benveniste Origines 45 f.; IE *pī-u̯er-, -u̯r̥- etc.) stands with mel-suffix πῑ-μελ-ή (Frisk Eranos 41, 50ff.). (The m-formation contained in it seems also to be found in Lat. opīmus `fat, wellnourished' but the anlaut. o- is unexplained.) -- All these formations go back on a verb, which is retained in Skt., e.g. pres. páyate `be full', esp. of fat or milk, ptc. pīná- `obese, thick'. On the Skt. words extensively Mayrhofer KEWA 212 a. 297 f. w. lit.; on the group in gen. WP. 2, 73ff., Pok. 793f., also W.-Hofmann s. opīmus and pinguis (cf. also παχύς); also w. lit. -- (Not here πῖδαξ.)Page in Frisk: 2,532Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πῖαρ
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28 πιέζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to press, to push, beset' (Il.).Other forms: - έω (Hom. as v.l.; Hp., Herod., Plb.), aor. πιέσαι (IA.), pass. πιεσθῆναι (θ 336), also πι-έξαι, - εχθῆναι (Hp., Epidaur.); fut. πιέσω, perf. midd. πεπίεσμαι (Arist.; - ίεγμαι Hp.), act. πεπίεκα; besides πιάζω (Alcm., Alc., hell.). πιάσαι (- άξαι Theoc.), πιασθῆναι, πεπίασμαι (hell.), rarely w. ἐπ-, ἀπο- a.o.Derivatives: 1. πίε-(πία-)σις ( συν-, ἀπο-πιέζω) f. `pressing, pressure' (Pl., Arist.); 2. - σμός ( ἐκ-, συν- πιέζω a.o.) m. `id.' (Hp., Arist.); 3. - σμα ( ἀπο-, ἐκ- πιέζω a.o.) n. `pressure, pressed mass' (Hp., Eub.); 4. - στήρ m. `presser, press' (Att. inscr., medic.) with - στήριος `pressing', n. `press' (Dsc.); 5. - στρον n. `id.' (Hp., Gal.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: On πιεζ-έω as innovation beside older πιέζ-ω cf. κυρ-έω beside κύρ-ω a.o. (Schwyzer 721). Also πιάζω is an innovation (after the verbs in - άζω; perh. also phonet. explainable; s. Schwyzer 244 w. lit., a.o. Wackernagel IF 25, 336f. = Kl. Schr. 2, 1032 f.). -- Not certainly interpreted. Great semantic and phonetic similarity shows Skt. pīḍáyati `squeeze, press, hurt', which stands first for * pizd- and would give Gr. *πίζω. For it πιέζω after ἕζω (Schwyzer 721 n. 5)? Diff., very hard, Kuiper Acta Or. 12, 227f.: πιέζω from *pii̯es-dō as full grade of * pis-d- in Skt. pīḍ-. Further combinations hypothetic: * piz-d- from * pis-d- as d-enlargement of IE * pis- in Lat. pīnsō `pound, crush' (Fick, Curtius a. A.; cf. πτίσσω). -- Earlier (Brugmann, Osthoff etc.; s. Bq s.v. and WP. 2, 486 [Pok. 887]) from *(e)pi-sed-i̯ō resp. *( e)pi-zd- (\> pīḍáyati) prop. *"sit upon" = `squeeze' explained; against this Kuiper l.c. and Mayrhofer s.v. w. rich lit. and many details.Page in Frisk: 2,533-534Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πιέζω
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29 ῥέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to flow, to stream', also metaph., `to stream off, to fall off' (of hair, ripe fruits etc.), (Il.).Other forms: Aor. ῥυῆναι (γ 455), Dor. ἐρρύᾱ, fut. ῥυῆσομαι, perf. ἐρρύηκα (Att.); fut. ῥεύσομαι (Thgn., com., Hp.), ῥευσοῦμαι (Arist.), ῥεύσω (AP), aor. ῥεῦσαι (Ar. in anap., Hp., hell.).Derivatives: Many derivv., also from the prefixcompp. (here only indicated): A. with full grade. 1. ῥέεθρον (ep. Ion. Il.), ῥεῖθρον (Att.) n. `stream, river, water'; 2. ` Ρεῖτος m. name of a stream or brook, (Eleusis Va, Th., Paus.; Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 89); 3. ῥεῦμα n. `current, stream' (IA.; cf. Porzig Satzinhalte 267f.), `stream, rheumatism' (medic.), with - μάτιον, - ματώδης, - ματικός, - ματίζομαι, - ματισμός; 4. ῥέος n. `stream' (A; cf. on ἐυ-ρρεής below); 5. ῥεῦσις f. (hell. for ῥύσις); 6. ῥευστός `streaming, fluid' (Emp., Arist. a.o.), - στικός (Plu.), - σταλέος (Orac. ap. Eus.); 7. - ρρεί-της (from - ρρεϜέ-της) in compounds, e.g. ἐϋ-ρρείτης `streaming beautifully' (Hom. a.o.), ἀκαλα-ρρείτης (s. v.); 8. - ρρεής only in gen. ἐϋ-ρρεῖος = ἐϋ-ρρεϜέος (Il.) from ἐϋ-ρρεής `id.'; rather to ῥέω than to ῥέος (Schwyzer 513). -- B. With ο-ablaut: 1. ῥόος ( κατά- etc.), Att. ῥοῦς, Cypr. ῥόϜος m. `stream, flow'; 2. ῥοή ( ἐκ- etc.), Dor. -ά, Corc. ρhοϜαῖσι f. `flowing, stream, outflow' (Il.); from 1. or 2. ῥοΐσκος m. `brooklet' (Halaesa), ῥοώδης ( ῥοι- Gal.) `flowing, suffering of flux, having strong currents, watery, falling off' (Hp., Th., Arist. etc.), ῥοϊκός `fluid' (Hp., Dsc.), ῥοΐζω `to drench', of horses (Hippiatr.) with ῥοϊσμός H.; 3. ῥοῖαι f. pl. `floods' (Hp.); 4. - ρροια f. in prefixcompp., e.g. διάρροια (: δια-ρρέω) `flowing through, diarrhoea' (IA.; on the formation Schwyzer 469). -- C. With zero grade: 1. ῥυτός `streaming, pouring out, flowing strongly' (trag. a.o.; ἀμφί-, περί- ῥέω Od. a.o.); ῥυτόν n. `drinking horn' (Att., hell.); 2. ῥύσις ( ἔκ- a.o.) f. `flowing, flow' (IA.); 3. ῥύμα = ῥεῦμα (late) s.v.; 4. ῥύᾱξ, -ᾱκος m. `strong current, rushing stream, stream of lava' (Th., Pl., Arist. a.o.), prob. Sicil. (Björck Alpha impurum 61 a. 285); cf. ῥύαγξ (cod. ῥοί-) φάραγξ H. [note that of the last two the suffixes are Pre-Greek]; 5. ῥυά̄χετος m. `multitude of people' (Lac.; Ar. Lys. 170), expressive enlargment of ῥύαξ after ὀχετός, συρφετός?; 6. ῥυάς f. (m., n.) `fluid, falling off' (Arist., Thphr. a.o.), also adjunct of ἰχθῦς or des. of certain fishes, that live in warms and follow the currents (Arist. a.o.; Strömberg Fischn. 50f., Thompson Fishes s.v.), `flow' with ῥυαδικός, `suffering flux etc.' (medic.); 7. ῥυδόν (ο 426), ῥύδην (Crates a.o.) `flooding, abounding'. -- On ῥυθμός s. v.; on ῥύτρος, ῥόα ( ῥοιά), ῥοῦς as plantnames s. ῥόα.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1003] *sreu̯- `flow, stream'Etymology: The the themat. root-present ῥέω (\< *ῥέϜω; cf. ῥόϜος a.o. above) agrees Skt. srávati `flow', IE *sréu̯-eti. Also to other forms there are exact agreements outcide Greek, of which the age is however uncertain because of the strong productivity of the relevent form-categories: ρόος = Skt. srava- m. `the flowing'; cf. OCS o-strovъ, Russ. óstrov `island' (prop. "surrounded by stream(s)"); ῥοή = Lith. sravà f. `flowing, flow of blood, menstruation'; cf. Skt. giri-sravā f. `mountainstream', ῥύσις = Skt. srutí- f. `way, stret' (but e.g. vi-sruti- `flowing out'; cf. Liebert Nom. suffix -ti- 39); ambiguous Arm. aṙu `canal'; ῥυτός = Skt. srutá- `flowing'; cf. Lith. srùtos pl. (dial. -tà sg.) f. `liquid manure, (animal)urine'; (ἐϋ) - ρρεής: Skt. ( madhu) - sravas- m. "dripping of honey", plantname (lex.). Over aginst the neuter ῥεῦμα (IE *sreu̯-mn̥) stands in Balto-Slav. a corresponding masc., e.g. Lith. sraumuõ, gen. -meñs `rapid' (IE *srou̯-mon-); similar Thrac. rivername Στρυμών. An m-suffix also in Germ., e.g. OWNo. straumr ' stream' (IE *srou̯-mo-), in Celt., e.g. OIr. sruaim `stream' and in Alb. rrymë `stream' (Mann Lang. 28, 37). -- Genetic connection has also been supposed between Dor. aor. ἐ-ρρύᾱ and Lith. pret. pa-srùvo `flowed' (\< *-āt; Schwyzer 743 w. n. 11 a. lit.), also between Ion.-Att. ἐρρύη and Lith. inf. sravė́ti. Formally identical are also the futures ῥεύσομαι (- σω) and Skt. sroṣyati. Further the Greek and Sanskrit as well as the Balt. verbal systems go different ways. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 702 f., Pok. 1003; Fraenkel s. sravė́ti, Vasmer s. strúmenъ; older lit. also in Bq. -- Vgl. ῥώομαι.Page in Frisk: 2,650-652Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέω
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30 σάτυρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `Satyr', mostly in plur. as des. of mythical beings of nature, which belong to the company of Dionysos and which are often represented as (he-)goats (since Hes. Fr. 198, 2); metaph. as des. of apes with tail (Paus., Ael.).Derivatives: 1. dimin. σατυρ-ίσκος m. (Theoc. a.o.), also as plantname (Ps.-Dsc.), - ίδιον n. (Stratt.); 2. - ικός `satyr-like, belonging to the satyr play' (Pl., X., Arist. etc.; Chantraine Études 150), - ιος `id.' (pap.), - ώδης `satyr-like' (Luc. a.o.); 3. - ιον n. name of several plants, which were used as sexual rousing means (Dsc., Plu., Gal. a.o.; Strömberg Pfl.namen 93 a. 100), also name of an aquarian animal (Arist.); 4. - ιστής m. `actor in a satyr play' (D. H.; after κιθαριστής etc.); 5. - ιάω `to suffer from satyriasis' (Arist., medic.) with - ίασις, Ion. - ίησις f., also - ι(α)σμός m. (medic.); also - ιακός `causing satyriasis' (Ruf.), - ιακή f. `remedy against s.' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Appellative meaning unknown (on the notion Nilsson Gr. Rel. I2 232ff. w. lit.), so without etymology; without doubt foreign word. Several hypotheses 1. old, inherited: a. Solmsen IF 30, 36 ff.: prop. "cui membrun... turget", from *σήν `penis' (s. σαίνω) and tū̆- `swell' (s. τύλη). b. Brugmann IF 39, 114ff.: σα- strengthening (s. σαφής) with 2. member like Solmsen. c. Grošelj Živa Ant. 2, 215ff.: to ψῆν with suffix - τυ-ρο-ς, prop. "the gnawer". 2. Illyrian: a. Krahe Sprache 1, 37ff. (after Eisler; w. lit.): to IE * sē- `sow', prop. "the sower" and identical with Lat. sator. b. Kerényi Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni 9, 151 ff. and Rev. int. ét. balk. 2: 1--2, 21: to IE * sā- `satiate' (s. ἅδην and ἆσαι), prop. "full, plump being" and identical with Lat. satur. -- Cf. Σιληνός and τίτυρος. -- The word is prob. Pre-Greek: suffix - υρ-.Page in Frisk: 2,681-682Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σάτυρος
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31 σέβομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to shy from smth., to feel ashamed', posthom. `to be in awe, to honour', esp. as regards the gods (Δ 242).Other forms: also σέβω (Pi., trag., rarely in prose; cf. Schw.-Debrunner 234), nonpres. forms quite rare: aor. pass. σεφθῆναι (S. Fr. 164, Pl. Phdr. 254b), fut. σεβήσομαι (pap. IIp).Derivatives: A. σέβας n. (only nom. a. acc.; pl. σέβη A. Supp. 755) `(sacred) awe, amazement, worship, object of awe, of worship' (ep. poet. Il.); after γέρας? (cf. Chantraine Form. 422; s. also on σεμνός); as 2. member, after the εσ-stems, - σεβής (Schwyzer 514; aslo relation to σέβομαι is possible), s.g. εὑ-σεβής `God-fearing, pious' (Thgn., Pi. etc.) with εὑσέβ-εια, - έω, - ημα; after this and after ἀσέβημα the simplex σέβημα n. `worship' (Orph.). From σέβας: 1. the aorist σεβάσσατο (Il.), to which σεβάζομαι, σεβασθῆναι (late) = σέβομαι. From this a. σεβάσεις pl. `deferences' (Epicur.); b. - σμα n. `object of worship, shrine' (D. H., NT etc.); c. - σμός m. `worship' (hell. a. late) with - σμιος, - σμιότης; d. - στός `venerable, reverend, elevated', = Lat. Augustus (D. H., Str. etc.; also to σέβας) with - στιος, - στικός, - στεύω, - στεῖον. 2. σεβίζομαι, - ίζω = σέβο-μαι (Pi., trag. a.o.; can also be enlargement of σέβομαι) with - ισμα n. (sch.). -- B. Verbal adj. σεπτός `venerable' (A. Pr. 812, late prose), mostly comp., ἄ-, περί-, θεό-σεπτος a.o. (trag. a.o.); σεπτ-ικός, - εύω H. C. nom. ag. θεο-σέπτωρ m. `worshiper of gods' (E. Hipp. 1364 [anap.]; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 28). D. σέβερος εὑσεβής, δίκαιος H. -- On σεμνός and σοβέω s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1086] *ti̯egʷ- `have respcct for smb.'Etymology: Phonetically possible, but at least at first sight semant. not very convincing is the connection with Skt. tyajati `desert, leave alone, abandon' (Brugmann IF 25, 301 ff., WP. 1, 746, Pok. 1086). The causative σοβέω (s. v.) points for σέβομαι to an orig. meaning `run away, flee' v. t.; from this `(schameful) redress for sth., yield'? Doubts by Mayrhofer s.v. (w. lit.); agreement by v. Erffa Αἰδώς (Phil. Supp. 30: 2) 27 f. The equation of σεπτός with tyaktá-, of θεο-σέπτωρ with tyaktar-, to which also the s-stems σέβας: tyajas- (Porzig Satzinhalte 301), is without impostance for the etymology, as it could be monolingual innovations. Acc. to v. Windekens Orbis 14, 117 here also Toch. AB yäk- `negligent, careless, be c.'; doubtable.Page in Frisk: 2,686-687Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σέβομαι
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32 σείω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `shake, agitate, sway', midd. a. pass. also `to quake, to shiver'.Other forms: (ep. ἐπι-σσείω, s. bel.), aor. σεῖσαι (Il.), aor. 2. ptc. acc. σιόντα (Anacr.), pass. σεισθῆναι, fut. σείσω (IA.), perf. midd. σέσεισμαι (Pi. etc.), act. σέσεικα (hell. a. late).Compounds: Very often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, κατα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐν-, ἐπι-. -- Some compp., e.g. σεισ-άχθεια (: *σεισ-αχθής) f. `burden-', i. e. `the casting off of debts', des. of a law of Solon. (Arist., Plu. a. o.); δορυ-σσόος, s. δόρυ and Schwyzer 450 n. 4.Derivatives: 1. σεῖ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- a. o.) f. `shaking' (medic. a.o.); 2. - σμός ( ἀνα-, δια- a.o.) m. `shock, earthquake, extortion' (IA.) with - σμώδης `earthquake-like' (late); 3. - σμα ( παρά-, διά- a.o.) f. `shaking' (LXX), `extortion' (pap.) with - σματίας m. `concerning an earthquake' (D. L., Plu.; Chantraine Form. 95); 4. - στρον n. `rattle', Lat. sistrum (Delos IIa, Plu. a.o.); - στρος m. plantname `Rhinanthus maior' (Arist., Plu.; after the trembling fruit-group, Strömberg 77); 5. - σων, - σωνος m. "shaker", kind of vase (middl. com.; as καύσων, s. on καίω w. lit.); 6. - στης m. kind of earthquake (Lyd.); 7. - στός `shaken' (Ar.), `rattling', of ear-pendants (Delos III--IIa).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1099] *tu̯ei(s)- `excite, sparkle'Etymology: Except the isolated zero-grade ptc. σιόντα, which because of the form σείω that stands beside it must be taken as aorist, and the ablauting nominal -( σ)σόος, the whole system is built on a full grade σει(σ)-. The geminate in ep. ἐπι-σσείω, ἐ-σσείοντο shows an orig. consonantgroup, so that σείω from *tu̯eis-ō can be identified with Skt. tvéṣati (gramm.) `excite', almost only midd. `be excited, inflame, sparkle' (rejecteing Wackernagel KZ 25, 277 = Kl. Schr. 1, 221). The two languages have developped diff. in this sense, that in OInd. the middle forms have become almost completely dominating and the zero grades (e.g. ipf. 3. pl. a-tvis-anta, perf. 3. sg. ti-tviṣ-é) strongly predominate. -- Beside this stands in Iran. forms without -s- and in slightly deviating meaning, e.g. Av. ʮway-ah- n., ʮwy-ā f. `fright, danger' (IE *tu̯ei-os-, *tu̯i-ā), thus with -s- in ʮwaēšah- n. `fear'. A further member of this group is supposed in Σείριος, s. v. w. lit.; see also Mayrhofer s. tvéṣati.Page in Frisk: 2,689Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σείω
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33 σέλας
σέλας, - αοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `light, glow, beam' (ep. poet. Il., Arist. etc.; on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od. 310ff.).Compounds: σελασ-φόρος `bringing light' (A. a. o.), with analog. - η-: σελαη-φόρος (Man.), - γενέτης (AP).Derivatives: 1. σελά-ω `to shine, to glow' (Nic. Th. 691) with - σμα, - σμός `glow' (Man.); 2. - γέομαι (E., Ar.), - γέω (Opp.) `to glow, to radiate' with - γησις f. `glow' (Zonar.); backformation - γος n. `beam' (Hymn. Is.); 3. enlarged - γίζω `id.' (Nonn. a. o.) with - γισμα n. `lightning, flash' (Man.); 4. - σσομαι `to shine, to glow' (Nic. Th. 46); with σελα-γέομαι: - σσομαι cf. πατα-γέω, - σσω a. o., Debrunner IF 21, 220f.; 5. - σκω `to glow' (Theognost.). -- On σελήνη, σέλαχος s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No flawless etymology. Semant. attractive is the connection with Av. xvarǝnah- n. `glory of fame' (and Skt. svàrnara- approx. `splendour of light'?), where also the word for `sun' (s. ἥλιος) and the expressions for `smoulder, singe' (s. 2. εἵλη `heatof the sun') are relevant. Yet `glow, gleam, glory' and `smoulder' can at least not directly be combined with each other (cf. WP. 2, 531 f.). A special problem is moreover presented by the preservation of the anlaut. σ- in σέλας, for which several explanations have been advanced (Kretschmer KZ 31, 422f., Prellwitz s. v., Solmsen Unt. 209 n. 2; s. also Schwyzer 322). Already for this reason the comparison of σελαγ-έω with Skt. svarg-á- m. `heaven' (Persson Beitr. 2, 579 n. 2) is hardly recommendable, what however does not exclude, that the γ-element in σελαγέω may have a high age (Benveniste Origines 28; also Specht Ursprung 212). -- Diff. attempts at explanation from IE by Pisani Rend. Acc. Lincei Scr. VI: 7, 75 and Jb. f. kleinas. Forsch. 3, 150.Page in Frisk: 2,689-690Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σέλας
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34 σπάω
σπάω, σπάομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw', e.g. a sword, `to pull out, to tug, to wince, to attract, to snatch, to pull off, to sprain, to drag or to lure somewhere, to pull in, to suck in, to slurp down' (S., Ar. a. o.)Other forms: Aor. σπάσαι, σπάσ(σ)ασθαι, pass. σπασθῆναι (Il.), fut. σπάσω, - ομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπασμαι (IA.), act. ἔσπακα (Ar., Arist. a. o.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix in different shades of meaning, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-.Derivatives: A. From the unenlarged root: 1. σπάσις, mostly to the prefixed verbs, e.g. ἀνάσπα-σις (: ἀνα-σπάσαι, - σπᾶν) `pulling in' etc. (Hp., Arist. etc.). 2. σπασμός ( ἐπισπασμός etc.) m. `wincing, spasm, violent movement' (IA.) with σπασμ-ώδης, κατα-σπασμ-ικός. 3. σπάσμα ( ἀπόσπασμα etc.) n. `spasm, sprain, shred, scrap' (IA); on σπάσις, - σμός, - σμα Chantraine Form. 145 a. 147. -- 4. - σπαστος in ἐπίσπασ-τος `brought upon oneself, incurred' (Od. etc.) a.o.; σπαστικός ( κατα-, περι-) `pulling in, slurping in' (Arist.). -- 5. - σπα-στήρ, - ῆρος m. in ἐπισπαστήρ (Hdt., AP; - σπατήρ inscr.), ποτισπαστήρ (Epid. IV--IIIa) "attractor", `thong which draws the door, bird string, net'; ἐπίσπαστρον n. `id.' (LXX, D.S. a. o.). --B. With δ-enlargement: 1. παρα-σπάς, - άδος f. `shoot torn off and planted' (Thphr.), ἀπο- σπάω `twig torn off' (AP, Nonn.). 2. σπάδῑξ, -ῑκος m. `(torn off) twig, espec. palm twig' (Nic., Plu. etc.); Lat. LW [loanword] spădīx `date-coloured' (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.). 2. σπάδιον n. `race-track' (Argos, H; "the lenghty one"; cf. στάδιον). 3. σπαδών, - όνος f. `spasm, convulsion' (Hp., Nic.) with - ονίζω, - ονισμός. 4. σπάδων, - ωνος m. `eunuch' (LXX, Plb. a.o.), also σπάδος (Eust.; vgl. E. Maass RhM 74, 432ff.). -- C. With τ-enlargement: σπάτος n. `(removed) skin' (H., sch. Ar. Pax 48 [Boeot.]) with σπάτειος in σπατείων δερματίνων H., as 1. member in Σ\<πα\> το-ληασταί m. pl. guild of fullers in Argos (Rom. time; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176). -- D. Derived verbs: σπάζει σκυζᾳ̃. Άχαιοί H.; σπαδίξας aor. ptc. of σπαδίζω `to remove' (Hdt. 5, 25); σπατίζει τῶν \<σ\> πατέων ἕλκει, τῶν δερμάτων, τῶν τιτθῶν H. -- On σπάθη s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The regular inflectional system of σπάω may have developed from the aorist σπάσαι. From there first σπασθῆναι, ἔσπασμαι, σπάσω, further σπάω, lastly ἔσπακα (cf. on κλάω). The σ-forms σπασθῆναι etc. are prob. analogical beside σπα-δ-, σπα-τ- (diff. Schwyzer 761; doubting 706). -- No immediate agreement outside Greek. Semantically very tempting is the comparison with Toch. B pāss- `draw off (the skin)' in the preterital forms passāre-ne (3. pl. act.), passāmai (1. sg. midd.), s. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 343; 12, 191, though the absence of the "movable" s- must raise doubts (- ss- moreover from - sw- acc. to v. W.). An old verbal noun seems preserved in the Lat. relict-word spatium `space etc.' (: σπάδιον with alternative dental, Schwyzer 498 n. 13 w. lit.). -- The other under spē(i)- grouped words `draw, stretch etc.' in WP. 2, 655ff. (similar Pok. 981 ff.) after Persson Beitr. 1, 386--415, a. o. OHG spanan `allure, entice' (prop. *"allure"), spāti `late', are because of the extensible meaning, the short size of the words and the variating phonetics not well usable for an exact, detailed etymological demonstration and do not help to undertsand σπάω. -- Cf. σπίδιος and σφαδάζω; also cf. σπατάλη and σπατίλη.Page in Frisk: 2,759-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπάω
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35 σπάομαι
σπάω, σπάομαιGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw', e.g. a sword, `to pull out, to tug, to wince, to attract, to snatch, to pull off, to sprain, to drag or to lure somewhere, to pull in, to suck in, to slurp down' (S., Ar. a. o.)Other forms: Aor. σπάσαι, σπάσ(σ)ασθαι, pass. σπασθῆναι (Il.), fut. σπάσω, - ομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπασμαι (IA.), act. ἔσπακα (Ar., Arist. a. o.).Compounds: Very often w. prefix in different shades of meaning, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-.Derivatives: A. From the unenlarged root: 1. σπάσις, mostly to the prefixed verbs, e.g. ἀνάσπα-σις (: ἀνα-σπάσαι, - σπᾶν) `pulling in' etc. (Hp., Arist. etc.). 2. σπασμός ( ἐπισπασμός etc.) m. `wincing, spasm, violent movement' (IA.) with σπασμ-ώδης, κατα-σπασμ-ικός. 3. σπάσμα ( ἀπόσπασμα etc.) n. `spasm, sprain, shred, scrap' (IA); on σπάσις, - σμός, - σμα Chantraine Form. 145 a. 147. -- 4. - σπαστος in ἐπίσπασ-τος `brought upon oneself, incurred' (Od. etc.) a.o.; σπαστικός ( κατα-, περι-) `pulling in, slurping in' (Arist.). -- 5. - σπα-στήρ, - ῆρος m. in ἐπισπαστήρ (Hdt., AP; - σπατήρ inscr.), ποτισπαστήρ (Epid. IV--IIIa) "attractor", `thong which draws the door, bird string, net'; ἐπίσπαστρον n. `id.' (LXX, D.S. a. o.). --B. With δ-enlargement: 1. παρα-σπάς, - άδος f. `shoot torn off and planted' (Thphr.), ἀπο- σπάομαι `twig torn off' (AP, Nonn.). 2. σπάδῑξ, -ῑκος m. `(torn off) twig, espec. palm twig' (Nic., Plu. etc.); Lat. LW [loanword] spădīx `date-coloured' (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.). 2. σπάδιον n. `race-track' (Argos, H; "the lenghty one"; cf. στάδιον). 3. σπαδών, - όνος f. `spasm, convulsion' (Hp., Nic.) with - ονίζω, - ονισμός. 4. σπάδων, - ωνος m. `eunuch' (LXX, Plb. a.o.), also σπάδος (Eust.; vgl. E. Maass RhM 74, 432ff.). -- C. With τ-enlargement: σπάτος n. `(removed) skin' (H., sch. Ar. Pax 48 [Boeot.]) with σπάτειος in σπατείων δερματίνων H., as 1. member in Σ\<πα\> το-ληασταί m. pl. guild of fullers in Argos (Rom. time; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 176). -- D. Derived verbs: σπάζει σκυζᾳ̃. Άχαιοί H.; σπαδίξας aor. ptc. of σπαδίζω `to remove' (Hdt. 5, 25); σπατίζει τῶν \<σ\> πατέων ἕλκει, τῶν δερμάτων, τῶν τιτθῶν H. -- On σπάθη s. v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The regular inflectional system of σπάω may have developed from the aorist σπάσαι. From there first σπασθῆναι, ἔσπασμαι, σπάσω, further σπάω, lastly ἔσπακα (cf. on κλάω). The σ-forms σπασθῆναι etc. are prob. analogical beside σπα-δ-, σπα-τ- (diff. Schwyzer 761; doubting 706). -- No immediate agreement outside Greek. Semantically very tempting is the comparison with Toch. B pāss- `draw off (the skin)' in the preterital forms passāre-ne (3. pl. act.), passāmai (1. sg. midd.), s. v. Windekens Orbis 11, 343; 12, 191, though the absence of the "movable" s- must raise doubts (- ss- moreover from - sw- acc. to v. W.). An old verbal noun seems preserved in the Lat. relict-word spatium `space etc.' (: σπάδιον with alternative dental, Schwyzer 498 n. 13 w. lit.). -- The other under spē(i)- grouped words `draw, stretch etc.' in WP. 2, 655ff. (similar Pok. 981 ff.) after Persson Beitr. 1, 386--415, a. o. OHG spanan `allure, entice' (prop. *"allure"), spāti `late', are because of the extensible meaning, the short size of the words and the variating phonetics not well usable for an exact, detailed etymological demonstration and do not help to undertsand σπάω. -- Cf. σπίδιος and σφαδάζω; also cf. σπατάλη and σπατίλη.Page in Frisk: 2,759-761Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπάομαι
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36 σύρω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to draw, to trail, to drag, to pull, to ravish, to sweep'(IA.).Other forms: Aor. σῦραι, pass. σῠρῆναι (late), fut. συρῶ (LXX), perf. σέσυρμαι, - κα (hell. a. late).Compounds: Very often w. prefix in diff. shades of meaning, e.g. δια- (also `to hackle, to mock'), ἐπι- (also `to be, treat neglectful etc.'), κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member in σύργαστρος (s.v.)?Derivatives: 1. σύρμα ( ἀπό-, ἐπί-, παρά-, περί-) n. `train-dress, sweepings, dragging movement' (Ion., X., hell. a. late) with συρμα-τῖτις κόπρος `manure-heap consisting of sweepings' (Thphr.; Redard 109), - τικη φωνή `drawn-out accent' (VIIp), - τὶς στρατιά ἡ τὰ συμψήγματα καὶ φρύγανα σύρουσα καὶ συλλέγουσα H. 2. συρμός ( ἐπι-, περι-, ὑπο-) m. `grinding, dragging, pulling movement' (of a wind, a gulf, a meteor, a snake a.o.; Arist. etc), `the vomiting' (Nic.); δια- σύρω `the pulling apart, to bemock' (hell. a. late); from this συρ-μάδες f. pl. `snowdrifts' (late), - μαία, Ion. - μαίη f. `vomitive, radish' (Ion., Ar. etc.), also name of a Lacon. priestrank (inscr., H.), with - μαΐζω `to take a vomitive', -μαϊσμός m. (Hdt., medic.), - μίον λάχανόν τι σελίνῳ ἐοικός H., - μιστήρ ξυλο-πώλης H. 3. συρμή f. `trailing tail of a snake' (sch.). -- 4. σύρ-της m. `towing-rope' (Man., H.), - τῶν gen. pl. (nom. sg. - της or - τός) name of a dance (Akraiphia Ip), διασύρ-της m. `slanderer' (Ptol.), δια-, ἐκ-συρτικός (hell. a. late). 5. ἀνασυρτ-όλις f. `lewd woman' (Hippon.; cf. οἰφόλις and Chantraine Form. 237 f.). 6. Prob. also Σύρτις f. name of a sea-gulf on the northcoast of Africa with sandy shores and dangerous breakers (Hdt. etc.) as "the pulling one" (cf. v. Wilamowitz on Tim. Pers. 99); metaph. `destruction' (Tim. Pers. 99, H.). 7. σύρσις f. ( διά- σύρω) `the drawing of a plough' (late). -- With φ -enlargement: 8. σύρφη φρύγανα H. 9. συρφ-ετός m. `sweepings, filth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a.o.), `rabble' (Pl. a.o.) with - ετώδης `vulgar' (Plb., Luc. a.o.); cf. νιφετός a.o. (Chantraine Form. 300, Schwyzer 501). 10. -ᾱξ m. `rabble' (Ar. V. 673 [anap.], Luc.), popular-hypocoristic formation. -- On σύρφος s. σέρφος. Cf. ἀσυρής.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Prob. to σαίρω `sweep' (s. v. w. lit.), but without certain cognates outside Greek. With σύρφ-η, - ετός, - αξ one compares a Germ. word for `sweep, turn (sweep turning), wipe off' in Goth. af-, bi-swairban ' εξαλεῖψαι, ἐκμάξαι', OHG swerban `drive quickly to and fro, whirl, wipe off' etc., to which also Celt., e.g. Welsh chwerfu `whirl, turn around' (Persson Stud. 55, WP. 2, 529f., Pok. 1050f. w. lit.). The semant. certainly possible connection presents the same phonetic problem as σέλας, σῦς etc. (s. vv.). In auslaut agrees σύρφη, prob. not accidentally, to the synonymous κάρφη; so formally influenced by it? An old variation bh: m in σύρ-φη: συρ-μός (Specht Ursprung 269) does not help; but it would show Pre-Greek origin -- The connection with σαίρω, both from *tu̯r̥- is hardly convincing.Page in Frisk: 2,823-824Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σύρω
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