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21 cualquier
adj.any, any given, either, any and all.* * *► adjetivo (pl cualesquier)1 (indefinido) any* * *adj.(see cualquiera. Used before nouns)* * *cualquier, -a I(pl cualesquier(a))ADJ INDEF1) [antes de s] any•
en cualquier lugar del mundo — anywhere in the world•
en cualquier momento — at any time, (at) any moment2) [después de s] any-¿cuál prefieres? -me da igual, uno cualquiera — "which one do you prefer?" - "it doesn't matter, any one (will do)"
el presidente tendrá que ir a juicio, como un ciudadano cualquiera — the president will have to go to court, like any ordinary citizen
3) LAm (=bastante)II ( pl cualesquiera)1. PRON INDEF1) (=cualquier persona) anyone, anybody; (=cualquier cosa) any oneen un club como ese no admiten a cualquiera — they don't accept just anyone o anybody into that club
cualquiera puede ser candidato a la presidencia — anyone o anybody can stand for president
esos precios están al alcance de cualquiera — those prices are within everyone's o everybody's means
tal como gritaban los niños, cualquiera diría que los estaba torturando — the way the children were screaming anyone would think I was torturing them
2)• cualquiera de — any, any of
puede acudir a cualquiera de las sucursales del banco — you can go to any branch o any of the branches of the bank
cualquiera de mis alumnos podría realizar este proyecto — any o any one of my pupils could do this project
•
cualquiera de los dos — either (one) of them, either of the twollama a Pedro o a Carlos, cualquiera de los dos — call Pedro or Carlos, either (one) of them o either of the two
cualquiera de los dos equipos — either team o either (one) of the two teams
3)a) [en general] whatever; [ante una elección] whichevercualquiera que sea tu problema — whatever your problem is, no matter what your problem is
respetaremos el resultado de la votación, cualquiera que sea — we will respect the result of the vote, whatever that may be
es caro, pero cualquiera que compres te va a costar una fortuna — it's expensive, but whichever (one) you buy it'll cost you a fortune
b) (=persona) anyone who, anybody whocualquiera que lo conozca te diría lo mismo — anyone o anybody who knows him o whoever knows him would tell you the same
4) [en exclamaciones]¡cualquiera sabe! — who knows?
¡cualquiera le interrumpe ahora! — I wouldn't interrupt him at the minute!
¡así cualquiera! — it's all right for some! *
2.SM•
un cualquiera — a nobody3.SF pey* * ** * *= any, any one, either, whatever, any and all.Ex. UNIBID is an attempt to offer a standard record format for use by abstracting and indexing services, independent of any existing description or cataloguing rules.Ex. Note that the librarian may choose any one of the five items shown on the screen in Figure 8.Ex. Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.Ex. In producing this subject, or conceptual, analysis the indexer names the selected concepts in whatever words, or terms, he chooses.Ex. The survey aimed to ascertain the degree of computerisation of any and all library functions in any type of school-related setting.----* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any time of the day or night, at any hour of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* ante cualquier adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* apostarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.* capaz de hacer cualquier cosa = capable of anything.* casi cualquier = almost any.* casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.* cualquiera que sea lo que = whichever.* cualquiera que sea + Nombre = whichever + Nombre.* cualquier cosa = anything.* cualquier cosa que no sea = anything but.* cualquier (de) = any one (of).* cualquier fulano = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier hijo de vecino = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier mindundi = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier otra cosa = you name it, anything else, whatever else.* cualquier otra persona = anybody else.* cualquier otro = you name it.* cualquier persona = anyone, any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier trabajo temporal = casual job.* dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any case, in any way at all.* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].* de cualquier modo = however, either way.* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).* en cualquier caso = for that matter, in any event, in any case, in either case.* en cualquier domingo = on any given Sunday.* en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.* en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily, on any given Sunday.* en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.* en cualquier orden = either way round.* en cualquier otra circunstancia = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.* en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.* en cualquier otra situación = in the normal run of events.* en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else, everywhere else.* en cualquier otro momento = some other time.* en cualquier otro sitio = anywhere else.* en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.* en cualquier sitio = everywhere, anywhere.* en cualquier situación = in any given situation.* en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things.* en un domingo cualquiera = on any given Sunday.* hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.* jugarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.* ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* un trabajo cualquiera = casual job.* * ** * *cualquier(de)Ex: Any one document may be required by author, title, subject, form or other characteristics, but this one document can only be grouped according to one of these characteristics at any one time.
= any, any one, either, whatever, any and all.Ex: UNIBID is an attempt to offer a standard record format for use by abstracting and indexing services, independent of any existing description or cataloguing rules.
Ex: Note that the librarian may choose any one of the five items shown on the screen in Figure 8.Ex: Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.Ex: In producing this subject, or conceptual, analysis the indexer names the selected concepts in whatever words, or terms, he chooses.Ex: The survey aimed to ascertain the degree of computerisation of any and all library functions in any type of school-related setting.* a cualquier hora = anytime, around the clock.* a cualquier hora del día o de la noche = at any time of the day or night, at any hour of the day or night.* a cualquier precio = at any cost, at all costs, at any price.* ante cualquier adversidad = in the face of + adversity.* apostarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.* capaz de hacer cualquier cosa = capable of anything.* casi cualquier = almost any.* casi cualquier cosa = just about anything.* cualquiera que sea lo que = whichever.* cualquiera que sea + Nombre = whichever + Nombre.* cualquier cosa = anything.* cualquier cosa que no sea = anything but.* cualquier (de) = any one (of).* cualquier fulano = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier hijo de vecino = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier mindundi = any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier otra cosa = you name it, anything else, whatever else.* cualquier otra persona = anybody else.* cualquier otro = you name it.* cualquier persona = anyone, any Tom, Dick or Harry.* cualquier trabajo temporal = casual job.* dar cualquier cosa por Algo = give + an eye-tooth for/to.* de cualquier forma = in any event, in any case, in any way at all.* de cualquier forma posible = in any and all ways.* de cualquier manera = anyhow, higgledy-piggledy, willy-nilly, in any way at all, in any way [in anyway].* de cualquier modo = however, either way.* de cualquier tipo = in any way [in anyway], in all forms.* desde cualquier punto de vista = by any standard(s).* en cualquier caso = for that matter, in any event, in any case, in either case.* en cualquier domingo = on any given Sunday.* en cualquier lugar = everywhere, anywhere.* en cualquier momento = anytime, at any one time, at any point, at any point in time, at any time, at any moment, at any given point, at any moment in time, at any given moment, momentarily, on any given Sunday.* en cualquier momento en el futuro = at some stage.* en cualquier orden = either way round.* en cualquier otra circunstancia = in the normal run of things, in the normal run of events.* en cualquier otra parte = anywhere else, everywhere else.* en cualquier otra situación = in the normal run of events.* en cualquier otro lugar = anywhere else, everywhere else.* en cualquier otro momento = some other time.* en cualquier otro sitio = anywhere else.* en cualquier parte = anywhere, everywhere.* en cualquier sitio = everywhere, anywhere.* en cualquier situación = in any given situation.* en el curso normal de las cosas = in the normal run of things.* en un domingo cualquiera = on any given Sunday.* hacer cualquier cosa = do + anything, give + Posesivo + right arm.* jugarse cualquier cosa = bet + Posesivo + life.* ser capaz de hacer cualquier cosa por = go to + any lengths to, go to + great lengths to.* ser un momento tan bueno como cualquier otro = be as good a time as any.* un trabajo cualquiera = casual job.* * ** * *
cualquier adjetivo: apocopated form of◊ cualquiera used before nouns
cualquier adjetivo indef any: cualquier persona normal puede hacerlo, any normal person can do it
cualquier cosa, anything
cualquier sitio, anywhere
en cualquier momento, at any moment o time
' cualquier' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bar
- barrio
- chalet
- como quiera
- comoquiera
- cuestión
- disipar
- dondequiera
- eventualidad
- manera
- nadería
- parte
- precio
- simplón
- simplona
- sitio
- toda
- todo
- tuntún
- adaptar
- antes
- barbaridad
- cantidad
- caso
- cosa
- cualquiera
- distraer
- entre
- entretener
- forma
- gaseosa
- lado
- lugar
- modo
- momento
- soltura
- tal
- tontería
English:
alert
- anomaly
- any
- anyhow
- anything
- anywhere
- blank out
- cancel out
- case
- decline
- either
- embarrassment
- eruption
- gullible
- haphazardly
- precedence
- scan
- section
- shove on
- slap on
- throw on
- time
- whatever
- anybody
- comprehensive
- drop
- event
- higgledy-piggledy
- indulgence
- inquiry
- length
- murder
- now
- old
- other
- qualify
- slap
- welcome
- wherever
- will
- willy-nilly
* * ** * *adj any;cualquier día any day;cualquier cosa anything;forma anyway;en cualquier caso in any case* * ** * *cualquier adj any -
22 encontrarse
1 (estar) to be2 (persona) to meet; (por casualidad) to bump into, run into, meet3 (dificultades) to run into4 (chocar) to collide5 figurado (sentirse) to feel, be* * *1) to meet2) be, feel3) clash* * *VPR1) (=descubrir) to find¿qué te has encontrado? — what have you found?
•
encontrarse con, al llegar nos encontramos con la puerta cerrada — when we arrived we found the door lockedencontrarse con algo de pura casualidad — to come across sth by pure o sheer chance
•
encontrarse con que, me encontré con que no tenía gasolina — I found (that) I was out of petrol•
encontrarse a sí mismo — to find oneself2) (=coincidir) to meeteste es el punto en el que se encuentran las dos calles — this is the point where the two streets meet
•
encontrarse a algn — to run into sb, meet sbme encontré con Isabel en el supermercado — I ran into o met Isabel in the supermarket
me lo encontré por la calle de casualidad — I ran into o bumped into him in the street by chance
nos encontramos con muchos problemas en la escalada — we encountered o ran into o came up against a lot of problems during the ascent
3) (=quedar citados) to meet¿nos encontramos en el aeropuerto? — shall we meet at the airport?
4) (=chocar) [vehículos] to crash, collide; [opiniones] to clashal tomar la curva se encontró de frente con el camión — he collided head-on with the lorry when he went round the bend
5) (=estar) to beel ayuntamiento se encuentra en el centro de la ciudad — the city hall is situated o is in the town centre
este cuadro se encuentra entre los más famosos de Goya — this picture is one of Goya's most famous ones, this picture is amongst Goya's most famous ones
6) [de salud] (=estar) to be; (=sentirse) to feel¿te encuentras mejor? — are you feeling better?
me encuentro mal — I feel ill, I don't feel very well
* * *(v.) = occur, be positioned, reside, stand on, come upon, be poised, meet up, find + ReflexivoEx. In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.Ex. The cursor is always positioned at the beginning of the first field in which input can be made.Ex. Column ten is the CD-ROM disc number on which the MARC record resides.Ex. Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.Ex. The term Hyptertext generaly describes a medium wherein a reader can study a particular document and, coming upon a word or phrase that he or she does not understand, open a second document that provides further information.Ex. We are all aware of the nature of the threshold on which the catalog -- that often maligned instrument that spells the difference between the library as a chaotic warehouse of recorded artifacts and a coherent collection of information organized for efficient access -- is poised.Ex. Try to meet up with them, and share the experience of your first IFLA conference.Ex. She took a shine to Sheldon, and before he knows what has happened, the misanthropic physicist finds himself with a girlfriend.* * *(v.) = occur, be positioned, reside, stand on, come upon, be poised, meet up, find + ReflexivoEx: In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
Ex: The cursor is always positioned at the beginning of the first field in which input can be made.Ex: Column ten is the CD-ROM disc number on which the MARC record resides.Ex: Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.Ex: The term Hyptertext generaly describes a medium wherein a reader can study a particular document and, coming upon a word or phrase that he or she does not understand, open a second document that provides further information.Ex: We are all aware of the nature of the threshold on which the catalog -- that often maligned instrument that spells the difference between the library as a chaotic warehouse of recorded artifacts and a coherent collection of information organized for efficient access -- is poised.Ex: Try to meet up with them, and share the experience of your first IFLA conference.Ex: She took a shine to Sheldon, and before he knows what has happened, the misanthropic physicist finds himself with a girlfriend.* * *
■encontrarse verbo reflexivo
1 (tropezarse) (con alguien) to meet: me encontré con María en la parada del autobús, I met María at the bus stop
(con una oposición) to come up against
2 (sentirse) to feel, be: se encuentra muy sola, she feels very lonely
3 (hallarse) to be: se encuentra en la cima del monte, it's at the top of the mountain
4 (descubrir) to discover: te encontrarás con que no tienes amigos, you'll discover you have no friends
' encontrarse' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
bien
- coincidir
- cruzarse
- disgusto
- hallar
- hallarse
- salsa
- tropezarse
- encontrar
- reunir
- toparse
- tropezar
- ver
English:
come across
- encounter
- find
- grim
- lie
- meet
- meet up
- occur
- rendezvous
- rotten
- run across
- stand
- arrange
- come
- danger
- half-way
- off
- run
* * *vpr1. [estar] to be;se encuentra en París she's in Paris;¿dónde se encuentra la Oficina de Turismo? where's the Tourist Information Office?;Méxel Sr. López no se encuentra Mr López isn't in;entre los supervivientes se encuentran dos bebés two babies are amongst the survivors;varias ciudades, entre las que se encuentra Buenos Aires several cities, including Buenos Aires2. [de ánimo, salud] to feel;¿qué tal te encuentras? how are you feeling?;no se encuentra muy bien she isn't very well;no me encuentro con ganas de salir I don't feel like going out;el médico ha dicho que se encuentra fuera de peligro the doctor said she's out of danger3. [descubrir] to find;me he encontrado un reloj I've found a watch;encontrarse con que: fui a visitarle y me encontré con que ya no vivía allí I went to visit him only to discover that he no longer lived there;nos encontramos con que no quedaba comida we found that there was no food leftme encontré con Juan I ran into o met Juan5. [reunirse] to meet;¿dónde nos encontraremos? where shall we meet?;quedaron en encontrarse a la salida del cine they arranged to meet outside the cinema6. [chocar] to collide;los dos trenes se encontraron con violencia the two trains were involved in a violent collision* * *v/r1 ( reunirse) meet;encontrarse con alguien meet s.o., run into s.o.2 ( estar) be;me encuentro bien I’m fine, I feel fine* * *vr1) reunirse: to meet2) : to clash, to conflict3) : to besu abuelo se encuentra mejor: her grandfather is doing better* * *encontrarse vb3. (hallarse) to be -
23 verdad
intj.right, isn't that right, isn't that so.f.1 truth.decir la verdad to tell the trutha decir verdad to tell the truth¿es verdad? is that true o right?eso no es verdad that isn't true o soen verdad truly, honestlyla verdad, no me importa to tell the truth o to be honest, I don't carela verdad es que no lo sé to be honest, I don't know, I don't really knowcantarle o decirle a alguien cuatro verdades (figurative) to tell somebody a few home truths2 fact (principio aceptado).3 true statement, true thing.* * *1 truth, truthfulness■ es bonita, ¿verdad? she's pretty, isn't she?■ vendrás, ¿verdad? you'll come, won't you?■ hay tres, ¿verdad? there are three, aren't there?\a decir verdad to tell the truthde verdad que... I swear...decir a alguien cuatro verdades familiar to give somebody a piece of one's minden verdad reallyfaltar a la verdad to liela verdad sea dicha to tell the truth¿no es verdad? isn't that so?tan verdad como que es de día / tan verdad como que Dios existe familiar it's as true as I'm standing herela pura verdad the plain truthverdad a medias a half truth* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=veracidad) truthhay una parte de verdad en todo esto — there is some truth o an element of truth in all this
•
decir la verdad — to tell the trutha decir verdad, si te digo la verdad — to be honest, to tell you the truth
•
en verdad — to be honest, reallyen verdad no sé qué contestarte — to be honest I don't know what to say to you, I really don't know what to say to you
en verdad os digo que seréis recompensados — (Biblia) verily I say unto you, you shall be rewarded
•
faltar a la verdad — to be untruthful, be economical with the truth eufhora 2), b)•
en honor a la verdad — to be perfectly honest, in all honesty2)•de verdad — (como adj) real; (como adv) really
¿son de verdad estas balas? — are those real bullets?
-mañana vendré a ayudarte -¿de verdad? — "I'll come and help you tomorrow" - "really?" o"will you?"
de verdad que no me importa ir — I really don't mind going, I don't mind going, honestly o really
3)•es verdad — it's true
¿es verdad que a Diego le ha tocado la lotería? — is it true that Diego has won the lottery?
bien es verdad que es aún pronto para juzgar los resultados — of course, it's too soon to make any judgement about the results
•
si bien es verdad que — although, even thoughsi bien es verdad que llevamos poco tiempo aquí, ya puedo decir que... — although o even though we haven't been here long, I can already say that...
4) *(para enfatizar)pues la verdad, no sé — to be honest I don't know, I don't really know
la verdad es que no me gusta mucho — to be honest I don't like it much, I don't really like it much
estás cansado ¿verdad? o¿no es verdad? — you're tired, aren't you?
hace frío ¿verdad? o¿no es verdad? — it's cold, isn't it?
no os gustó ¿verdad? — you didn't like it, did you?
¿verdad que sí fuimos? — we went, didn't we?, we did go, didn't we?
¿verdad que has sido tú? — it was you, wasn't it?
6) (=afirmación verdadera) truth- ser una verdad como un puño* * *1)a) ( veracidad) trutha decir verdad... — to tell you the truth...
la verdad, no lo sé — I don't honestly know
la verdad es que... — the truth is that...
si bien es verdad que... — it might well be true that...
b)de verdad — (loc adv) really; (loc adj) real
c) ( buscando corroboración)es muy guapa ¿verdad? — she's very beautiful, isn't she?
¿verdad que tú me entiendes? — you understand me, don't you?
2) ( enunciado verdadero) trutheso es una gran verdad — that is so true!
cantarle or decirle cuatro verdades a alguien — to tell somebody a few home truths
verdades como puños: dice verdades como puños — he isn't afraid to tell the truth
* * *= truth, verity.Ex. This is when children are not really concerned with scientific truth; they believe in Father Christmas anyway, even if there lurks the suspicion that there is something rather fishy about it all.Ex. His listeners looked around at each other and acknowledged the verity of his statement by nodding assents.----* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* amigo de verdad = true friend.* apartarse del camino de la verdad = stray from + the straight and narrow.* aunque a decir verdad = Mind you.* averiguar la verdad = discern + the truth.* bala de verdad = live bullet.* búsqueda de la verdad = truth-seeking.* camino de la verdad, el = straight and narrow (path), the.* conocer la verdad = discern + the truth.* cuatro verdades = home truth.* cuatro verdades bien dichas = home truth.* decir la verdad = tell + the truth, speak + the truth, come + clean.* decir la verdad sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.* de verdad = wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], for real.* en honor a la verdad = in fairness, in all honesty.* en verdad = in truth, true, in all truth.* hallar el camino de la verdad = think + Posesivo + way to the truth.* hora de la verdad = moment of truth.* hora de la verdad, la = showdown.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la verdad sobre = the skinny on.* llegada la hora de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* media verdad = half truth, half-fact.* munición de verdad = live ammunition, live munition.* nada + estar + más apartado de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.* nada + estar + más lejos de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.* no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.* no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.* no ser verdad = be untrue.* para decir la verdad = to be honest.* pura verdad, la = unvarnished truth, la, pure truth, the.* ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.* revelar la verdad = reveal + the truth.* saber cúal es la verdad = discern + the truth.* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.* ser verdad = be true.* ser verdad de = be true of.* suero de la verdad = truth serum.* toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.* una pizca de verdad = a grain of truth.* ¿verdad? = do you?, do you?, right?, weren't you?, weren't you?.* verdad amarga = home truth.* verdad a medias = half truth, half-fact.* verdades eternas = nuggets of truth.* verdades eternas, las = eternal verities, the.* verdad eterna = eternal truth.* verdad evangélica = gospel truth.* verdad incómoda = inconvenient truth.* verdad molesta = inconvenient truth.* verdad obvia = truism.* * *1)a) ( veracidad) trutha decir verdad... — to tell you the truth...
la verdad, no lo sé — I don't honestly know
la verdad es que... — the truth is that...
si bien es verdad que... — it might well be true that...
b)de verdad — (loc adv) really; (loc adj) real
c) ( buscando corroboración)es muy guapa ¿verdad? — she's very beautiful, isn't she?
¿verdad que tú me entiendes? — you understand me, don't you?
2) ( enunciado verdadero) trutheso es una gran verdad — that is so true!
cantarle or decirle cuatro verdades a alguien — to tell somebody a few home truths
verdades como puños: dice verdades como puños — he isn't afraid to tell the truth
* * *= truth, verity.Ex: This is when children are not really concerned with scientific truth; they believe in Father Christmas anyway, even if there lurks the suspicion that there is something rather fishy about it all.
Ex: His listeners looked around at each other and acknowledged the verity of his statement by nodding assents.* a decir verdad = to tell the truth, if the truth be known, if the truth be told, in all truth, in truth, fact is, the fact is (that), to be fair.* a decir verdad... = the fact of the matter is that....* a la hora de la verdad = when push comes to shove, if it comes to the crunch, when it comes to the crunch, when the worst comes to the worst, if the worst comes to the worst, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* amigo de verdad = true friend.* apartarse del camino de la verdad = stray from + the straight and narrow.* aunque a decir verdad = Mind you.* averiguar la verdad = discern + the truth.* bala de verdad = live bullet.* búsqueda de la verdad = truth-seeking.* camino de la verdad, el = straight and narrow (path), the.* conocer la verdad = discern + the truth.* cuatro verdades = home truth.* cuatro verdades bien dichas = home truth.* decir la verdad = tell + the truth, speak + the truth, come + clean.* decir la verdad sobre = give + Nombre + the lowdown on.* decir la verdad, toda la verdad y nada más que la verdad = to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth.* de verdad = wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly], for real.* en honor a la verdad = in fairness, in all honesty.* en verdad = in truth, true, in all truth.* hallar el camino de la verdad = think + Posesivo + way to the truth.* hora de la verdad = moment of truth.* hora de la verdad, la = showdown.* la verdad = the lowdown (on).* la verdad es que = if the truth be known, if the truth be told, the fact is (that), fact is.* la verdad es que... = the fact of the matter is that....* la verdad sea dicha = to tell the truth.* la verdad sea dicha que = if the truth be told.* la verdad sobre = the skinny on.* llegada la hora de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* llegado el momento de la verdad = if it comes to the crunch, when the crunch comes to the crunch, if the crunch comes to the crunch.* media verdad = half truth, half-fact.* munición de verdad = live ammunition, live munition.* nada + estar + más apartado de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.* nada + estar + más lejos de la verdad = nothing + can + be further from the truth.* no haber nada de verdad en = there + be + any/no truth to.* no preguntes porque no te puedo decir la verdad = ask no questions and hear no lies.* no ser verdad = be untrue.* para decir la verdad = to be honest.* pura verdad, la = unvarnished truth, la, pure truth, the.* ¡qué verdad que es! = how true!.* revelar la verdad = reveal + the truth.* saber cúal es la verdad = discern + the truth.* seguir el camino de la verdad = keep on + the straight and narrow.* ser verdad = be true.* ser verdad de = be true of.* suero de la verdad = truth serum.* toda la verdad sobre = the skinny on.* una pizca de verdad = a grain of truth.* ¿verdad? = do you?, do you?, right?, weren't you?, weren't you?.* verdad amarga = home truth.* verdad a medias = half truth, half-fact.* verdades eternas = nuggets of truth.* verdades eternas, las = eternal verities, the.* verdad eterna = eternal truth.* verdad evangélica = gospel truth.* verdad incómoda = inconvenient truth.* verdad molesta = inconvenient truth.* verdad obvia = truism.* * *A1 (veracidad) truthno sé cuánto habrá de verdad en lo que dice I don't know how much truth there is in what he sayses la pura verdad it's the gospel truthdime la verdad tell me the trutha decir verdad or si te digo la verdad, a mí tampoco me gustó to tell you the truth, I didn't like it eitherla verdad, sólo la verdad y nada más que la verdad the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truthme dijo la verdad a medias she only told me half the truth¿cuántos años tiene? — la verdad, no lo sé how old is he? — I don't honestly know o to tell you the truth, I don't knowla verdad es que me olvidé to be perfectly honest I forgot, the truth is I forgot¿te ayudaron? — la verdad es que no mucho did they help you? — well, frankly not a loten honor a la verdad in all fairnessla verdad de la verdad es que no quiero ir to be quite honest I don't want to go, the truth of the matter is I don't want to go¡eso no es verdad, yo no dije semejante cosa! that's not true, I said no such thing!en verdad os digo que … ( Bib) verily I say unto you …faltar a la verdad to be untruthfulcreer que se está en posesión de la verdad to think one is always rightir con la verdad por delante ( Esp); to be completely honestser verdad de la buena ( fam); to be really true2de verdad: ¿de verdad (que) hiciste eso? did you really do that?¡sí, hombre, de verdad que me gusta! yes, I mean it, I really do like it!mira que me voy a enojar or ( Esp) enfadar de verdad this time I really am going to get angryde verdad que lo siento I really am sorryuna pistola/un caballo de verdad a real gun/horse3(buscando corroboración): ¡qué guapa es! ¿verdad? she's really beautiful, isn't she?¿verdad que tú me entiendes? you understand me, don't you?B (enunciado verdadero) truthuna verdad científica a scientific trutheso es una gran verdad that is so true!, how right you are!cantarle or decirle cuatro verdades or las verdades del barquero a algn to tell sb a few home truthsser una verdad como un templo to be self-evidentser una verdad de Perogrullo to be patently obviousverdades como puños: dice verdades como puños he isn't afraid to tell the truth, however much it hurts o however unpalatable* * *
verdad sustantivo femenino
es la pura verdad it's the gospel truth;
a decir verdad … to tell you the truth …;
la verdad, no lo sé I don't honestly know;
¡no es verdad! that's not true!;
eso es una gran verdad that is so true!b)
( loc adj) real;◊ ¡de verdad que me gusta! I really do like it!;
una pistola de verdad a real gunc) ( buscando corroboración):◊ es guapa ¿verdad? she's beautiful, isn't she?;
¿verdad que tú me entiendes? you understand me, don't you?
verdad sustantivo femenino
1 truth: debes decir la verdad, you must tell the truth
eso no es verdad, that is not true
la pura verdad, the plain truth
2 (buscando asentimiento: tras una afirmación) es una gran soprano, ¿verdad?, she's a great soprano, isn't she?
¿verdad que tocas el violín?, you play the violin, don't you?
(: tras una negación) no eres racista, ¿verdad?, you're not racist, are you?
♦ Locuciones: a decir verdad, to tell the truth, de verdad, (ciertamente) really: de verdad que lo lamento, I really am sorry
(en serio) in earnest: están luchando de verdad, they are fighting for real
(auténtico) un amigo de verdad, a real friend
' verdad' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- afrontar
- callar
- congruencia
- decir
- deformar
- derrumbarse
- desnuda
- desnudo
- encubrir
- esconder
- faltar
- honor
- hora
- infiel
- ocultar
- poder
- pura
- puro
- razón
- tonta
- tonto
- alteración
- alterar
- creer
- cuando
- demostrar
- disfrazar
- falsear
- grande
- hecho
- indiscutible
- le
- lejos
- media
- osar
- prueba
- reconocer
- revelar
- simulacro
- sonsacar
- tanto
- triunfar
English:
actually
- admittedly
- be
- bend
- blue
- chip
- coax
- credit
- crunch
- dark
- departure
- deviation
- do
- element
- embroider
- face
- fudge
- get
- have
- hold back
- honest
- impact
- moment
- naked
- outspoken
- overboard
- perversion
- pervert
- plain
- proper
- really
- rile
- should
- show
- simple
- strictly
- tell
- them
- think through
- tough
- truth
- truthful
- turn off
- uncover
- will
- bound
- but
- dearly
- degree
- effect
* * *♦ nf1. [realidad, afirmación real] truth;decir la verdad to tell the truth;di la verdad, ¿a ti qué te parece? tell the truth o be honest, what do you think?;a decir verdad to tell the truth;estás faltando a la verdad you're not telling the truth;¿es verdad? is that true o right?;eso no es verdad that isn't true o so;¿no es verdad? isn't that so?;bien es verdad que…, verdad es que… it's certainly true that…;si bien es verdad que… while it is true that…;en verdad truly, honestly;cree que está en posesión de la verdad she thinks she's always right about everything;ser la pura verdad to be the absolute truth;ir con la verdad por delante to be honest and up-front;las verdades del barquero home truths;Famtodo lo que dice son verdades como puños she always speaks the truth, however unpalatableverdad a medias half-truth;verdad de Perogrullo truism, platitude2. [con valor enfático]la verdad, no me importa to tell the truth o to be honest, I don't care;la verdad es que no lo sé to be honest, I don't know, I don't really know;la verdad es que nunca me ha gustado the truth is I've never liked her;la verdad es que la sopa está buenísima the soup's actually really good3. [buscando confirmación]no te gusta, ¿verdad? you don't like it, do you?;está bueno, ¿verdad? it's good, isn't it?;¿verdad que me quieres? you do love me, don't you?4. [principio aceptado] fact;su libro no es fiel a la verdad histórica his book doesn't accurately reflect historical fact♦ de verdad loc adv[en serio] seriously; [realmente] really;me gusta – ¿de verdad? I like it – (do you) really? o seriously?;de verdad que no sé qué decir I honestly o really don't know what to say♦ de verdad loc adj[auténtico] real;un héroe de verdad a real hero* * *f1 truth;a decir verdad to tell the truth;en verdad in truth;la verdad es que … the truth (of the matter) is that …;es verdad it’s true, it’s the truth;faltar a la verdad be untruthful;media verdad, verdad a medias half truth;decir cuatro verdades a alguien tell s.o. a few home truths;ser una verdad de Perogrullo be blindingly obvious2:de verdad real, proper;es un amigo de verdad he’s a real friend3:no te gusta, ¿verdad? you don’t like it, do you?;vas a venir, ¿verdad? you’re coming, aren’t you?* * *verdad nf1) : truth2)de verdad : really, truly3)¿verdad? : right?, isn't that so?* * *verdad n truth¿es verdad que has ganado? is it true that you won? / did you really win?de verdad, iré mañana por la mañana really, I'll go tomorrow morningPara traducir ¿verdad? como coletilla, hay que utilizar el verbo auxiliar y el pronombre adecuados, siempre en negativo si la frase es afirmativa y viceversaestás de acuerdo conmigo, ¿verdad? you agree with me, don't you?es de Santander, ¿verdad? he's from Santander, isn't he?son franceses, ¿verdad? they're French, aren't they?no se han ido, ¿verdad? they haven't gone, have they? -
24 querido
adj.1 dear, dearest.2 dear, beloved, loved.f. & m.darling, sweetheart, sweetie, honey.past part.past participle of spanish verb: querer.* * *1→ link=querer querer► adjetivo1 (amado) dear, beloved; (en carta) dear► nombre masculino,nombre femenino2 familiar (apelativo) darling* * *1. (f. - querida)noundear, honey2. (f. - querida)adj.dear, beloved* * *querido, -a1. ADJ1) (=amado) dearqueridos amigos, nos hemos reunido para... — dear friends, we are assembled here to...
queridos hermanos — (Rel) dearly beloved
un alcalde querido por todos — a mayor who is well-liked in the community, a popular mayor
2) [en cartas] dearQueridos padres: — Dear parents,
3) And nice2. SM / F1) [uso apelativo] darling¡sí, querido! — yes, darling!
2) (=amante) lover* * *I- da adjetivob) (Corresp) Dearc) (Col fam) ( simpático) niceII- da masculino, femeninoa) ( como apelativo) darling, dear, sweetheartb) ( amante) (m) fancy man; (f) fancy woman* * *= beloved, dear [dearer -comp., dearest -sup.], beloved, darling.Ex. If one were to think of an analogue outside the library situation, one would conjure up the image of a miser cackling with delight as he counts and recounts his beloved coins.Ex. Heaney noted that 'in the first place and in the last resort, libraries are for dear life also'.Ex. This shows how quickly he lost his heart to his beloved, and that he believes in love at first sight.Ex. Anyhow, family -- including my darling niece and nephew, who were a little bit off their oats when I arrived.----* muy querido = much-loved.* ser querido = loved-one.* tan querido de todos = so beloved of all.* tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.* un querido = a little something on the side.* * *I- da adjetivob) (Corresp) Dearc) (Col fam) ( simpático) niceII- da masculino, femeninoa) ( como apelativo) darling, dear, sweetheartb) ( amante) (m) fancy man; (f) fancy woman* * *= beloved, dear [dearer -comp., dearest -sup.], beloved, darling.Ex: If one were to think of an analogue outside the library situation, one would conjure up the image of a miser cackling with delight as he counts and recounts his beloved coins.
Ex: Heaney noted that 'in the first place and in the last resort, libraries are for dear life also'.Ex: This shows how quickly he lost his heart to his beloved, and that he believes in love at first sight.Ex: Anyhow, family -- including my darling niece and nephew, who were a little bit off their oats when I arrived.* muy querido = much-loved.* ser querido = loved-one.* tan querido de todos = so beloved of all.* tan querido por todos = so beloved of all.* un querido = a little something on the side.* * *1(amado): mi querida patria my beloved countryes uno de mis recuerdos más queridos it's one of my fondest o dearest o most cherished memoriesrodeado de su familia y de sus seres queridos surrounded by his family and loved onestu querido hermano me ha vuelto a dejar plantada ( iró); your darling o dear brother has stood me up again ( iro)2 ( Corresp) DearQueridos padres/tíos Dear Mother and Father/Aunt and UncleMi querido Carlos My dear Carlos, Dearest CarlosMi querida amiga Dear friend ( frml)¡mira qué querido! how nice o kind of him!es una niña muy querida she's such a nice o ( BrE) lovely girlmasculine, feminine1 ( como apelativo) darling, dear, sweetheartlo vi en el restaurante con su querida I saw him in the restaurant with his fancy woman o with that woman he's having an affair with* * *
Del verbo querer: ( conjugate querer)
querido es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
querer
querido
querer ( conjugate querer) verbo transitivo ( amar) to love;
sus alumnos lo quieren mucho his pupils are very fond of him;
¡por lo que más quieras! for pity's sake!, for God's sake!
1a) (expresando deseo, intención, voluntad):
quisiera una habitación doble I'd like a double room;
¿qué más quieres? what more do you want?;
hazlo cuando/como quieras do it whenever/however you like;
iba a hacerlo pero él no quiso I was going to do it but he didn't want me to;
tráemelo mañana ¿quieres? bring it tomorrow, will you?;
no quiero I don't want to;
quiero ir I want to go;
quisiera reservar una mesa I'd like to book a table;
quisiera poder ayudarte I wish I could help you;
no quiso comer nada she wouldn't eat anything;
quiero que estudies más I want you to study harder;
¡qué quieres que te diga …! quite honestly o frankly …;
el destino así lo quiso it was destined to be;
querido es poder where there's a will there's a wayb) ( al ofrecer algo):◊ ¿quieres un café? would you like a coffee?;
( menos formal) do you want a coffee?c) ( introduciendo un pedido):◊ ¿querrías hacerme un favor? could you do me a favor?;
¿te quieres callar? be quiet, will you?
2 ( en locs)
donde quiera que wherever;
queriendo ( adrede) on purpose, deliberately;
sin querer accidentally;
fue sin querido it was an accident;
querer decir to mean;
¿qué quieres decir con eso? what do you mean by that?
3 ( como precio):◊ ¿cuánto quieres por el coche? how much do you want o are you asking for the car?
quererse verbo pronominal ( recípr):
querido -da adjetivo
seres queridos loved ones;
un profesor muy querido por todos a well-liked teacherb) (Corresp) Dear
■ sustantivo masculino, femenino
(f) fancy woman
querer
I verbo transitivo
1 (a alguien) to love
2 (algo) to want, wish ➣ Ver nota en want
3 (intención, ruego, ofrecimiento) to like: ¿quieres otra taza de té?, would you like another cup of tea?
¿quieres callarte?, will you shut up?
II sustantivo masculino love, affection
♦ Locuciones: quieras o no, tendrás que oírme, you'll have to listen to me, whether you want to or not
querer decir, to mean
ser algo un quiero y no puedo, to try to make people think that one is more affluent than one actually is
como quiera que, since: como quiera que no pueden vernos, no saben qué aspecto tenemos, since they can't see us, they don't know what we look like
sin querer, unintentionally, by accident
querido,-a
I adjetivo dear, beloved
II sustantivo masculino y femenino
1 darling
2 pey (hombre) lover
(mujer) mistress
' querido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
cariño
- querida
- reparar
- ser
English:
baby
- darling
- dear
- ducky
- elementary
- precious
- beloved
- bereaved
- bereavement
- loved one
* * *querido, -a♦ adj1. [en cartas] dear;Querido Juan Dear Juan;Queridos padres Dear Mum and Dad;Mi querido amigo Dear friend2. [amado]la pena que causa la muerte de alguien querido the pain of losing a loved one o someone dear to you;el alcalde era querido por todos the mayor was loved by everyone;una ciudad especialmente querida para el cantante a city that is particularly close to the singer's heart♦ nm,f1. [amante] lover2. [apelativo afectuoso] darling* * *I part → querer1II adj dear* * *querido, -da adj: dear, belovedquerido, -da n: dear, sweetheart* * *querido adj dear -
25 baza
f.1 trick.no pude meter baza (en la conversación) I couldn't get a word in edgewayssiempre trata de meter baza (en la conversación) she's always trying to butt in2 advantage.la gran baza del producto es su reducido precio the product's great advantage is its low priceel delantero ruso es la gran baza del equipo the Russian forward is the team's main weapon3 trump card.* * *1 (naipes) trick2 (ventaja) asset, advantage3 (ocasión) chance\meter baza figurado to butt in, stick one's oar inno poder meter baza not to be able to get a word in edgeways* * *SF1) (Naipes) trick•
hacer una baza — to make o win a trick2) [en asunto, negocio] (=recurso) weapon; (=oportunidad) chance•
jugar una baza, si juega bien su baza, conseguirá el trabajo — if he plays his cards right, he'll get the jobAlemania juega una baza muy firme para el Mundial — Germany has a good chance of winning the World Cup
le encanta meter baza aunque no tenga ni idea del tema — she loves butting in even though she has no idea about the subject
cuando habla no deja meter baza a nadie — when he's speaking he doesn't let anybody get a word in edgeways
es de los que siempre sacan baza de todo — he's one of those people who always turns everything to their own advantage
* * *1) ( en naipes) trickhacer or ganar una baza — to win a trick
meter baza — (fam) to butt in (colloq)
Pedro nunca deja meter baza a nadie — Pedro never lets anybody get a word in edgewise (AmE) o (BrE) edgeways
2) (recurso, arma)* * *= trump card, bargaining chip.Ex. Having failed apparently with her trump card, she fell back on finesse.Ex. The only ones 'using' the war dead as a political bargaining chip are the Republicans who have fought to keep the images of these fallen heroes in the dark.----* jugar bien + Posesivo + baza = play + Posesivo + cards right.* * *1) ( en naipes) trickhacer or ganar una baza — to win a trick
meter baza — (fam) to butt in (colloq)
Pedro nunca deja meter baza a nadie — Pedro never lets anybody get a word in edgewise (AmE) o (BrE) edgeways
2) (recurso, arma)* * *= trump card, bargaining chip.Ex: Having failed apparently with her trump card, she fell back on finesse.
Ex: The only ones 'using' the war dead as a political bargaining chip are the Republicans who have fought to keep the images of these fallen heroes in the dark.* jugar bien + Posesivo + baza = play + Posesivo + cards right.* * *A (en naipes) trickhacer or ganar una baza to win a trickB1(recurso, arma): mi experiencia es la baza fundamental que puedo aportar a la empresa my experience is the most important thing I can bring to the companyparece la mejor baza del equipo colombiano he could prove to be the Colombian team's trump card, he seems to be the great hope of the Colombian teamjugaron su última baza they played their last card, they used their ultimate weapontomó la determinación de jugar la baza decisiva she decided to play her trump card2 (logro, adelanto) achievementsu gran baza ha sido la conquista del mercado escandinavo their greatest achievement o success has been their conquest of the Scandinavian marketesto constituyó la primera baza victoriosa de los rebeldes this represented the first taste of victory o first moment of triumph for the rebels3(oportunidad): esta carrera será la última baza para Romero this race will be Romero's last chance* * *
baza sustantivo femenino trick
♦ Locuciones: familiar meter baza, to butt in
' baza' also found in these entries:
English:
trick
- trump
- asset
* * *baza nf1. [en naipes] trick;hacer una baza to make a trick;jugar una baza: jugó bien sus bazas she played her cards right;están jugando su última baza they're playing their last card;Fammeter baza: no pude meter baza (en la conversación) I couldn't get a word in edgeways;siempre trata de meter baza (en la conversación) she's always trying to butt in;intentan meter baza en la gestión de la empresa they are trying to elbow in on the management of the company2. [ventaja] advantage;la gran baza del producto es su reducido precio the product's great advantage is its low price;presentaron como baza electoral la educación they played the education card in the election;el delantero ruso es la gran baza del equipo the Russian forward is the team's main weapon* * *f1 en naipes trick; figtrump card;jugar sus bazas fig play one’s cards right2:meter baza fam interfere;no dejar a alguien meter baza fam not let s.o. get a word in edgewise* * *baza nf1) : trick (in card games)2)meter baza en : to butt in on -
26 lo
art.the.pron.it.* * *lo1 the1 (objeto directo - él) him; (- usted) you2 (objeto directo - cosa, animal) it■ ¿lo has probado? have you tried it?\con lo cual solo cual whichlo que what* * *1. art.1) the2) how2. pron.1) him, it2) you•- lo que* * *IART DEF1) [con adjetivos]a)lo difícil es que... — the difficult thing is that...
es de lo más divertido — it's so o really funny
lo mejor/peor de la película — the best/worst thing about the film
b) [referido a un estilo]viste a lo americano — he dresses in the American style, he dresses like an American
c) [con valor enfático]2)• lo de, lo de ayer — what happened yesterday
olvida lo de ayer — forget what happened yesterday, forget about yesterday
fui (a) lo de Pablo — Cono Sur (=a casa de) I went to Pablo's place
3)•
lo que —a) [relativo] whatlo que digo es... — what I say is...
¡sí hombre, lo que (yo) he dicho! — yes, just like I said!
toma lo que quieras — take what o whatever you want
todo lo que puedas — as much as o whatever you can
empezó a tocar, lo que le fastidió — she began to play, which annoyed him, to his annoyance, she began to play
lo que es eso... — as for that...
•
cuesta más de lo que crees — it costs more than you think•
lo que pasa es que... — the thing is...b) [con valor intensificador]¡lo que has tardado! — how long you've taken!, you've taken so long!
¡lo que sufre un hombre honrado! — what o the things an honourable man has to suffer!
¡lo que cuesta vivir! — the cost of living is so high!
c)• a lo que — LAm [en cuanto] as soon as
d)II• en lo que... — whilst...
PRON PERS1) [refiriéndose a él] him¿lo habéis invitado? — have you invited him?
2) [refiriéndose a usted] you3) [refiriéndose a una cosa, un animal] it¿el té lo tomas con leche? — do you take milk in your tea?
¿te acuerdas de lo bien que lo pasamos? — do you remember what a good time we had?
¡con lo mal que lo pasamos! — we had such an awful time!
4) [referido a un estado, cualidad]-¿estás cansado? -sí, lo estoy — "are you tired?" - "yes, I am"
* * *I1)lo interesante del caso es que... — the interesting thing about the case is that...
¿estoy en lo cierto? — am I right?
¿sabes lo de Pablo? — have you heard about Pablo?
voy a lo de Eva — (RPl) I'm going to Eva's house
lo que es por mí or en lo que a mí respecta... — (fam) as far as I'm concerned (colloq)
lo cual or que fue desmentido por el Gobierno — which was denied by the Government
3) ( con valor ponderativo)II¿ves lo mal que habla? — you see how badly he speaks?
pronombre personal1)a) ( referido - a él) him; (- a usted) you; (- a cosa, etc) it¿lo conoces? — do you know him?
lo encuentro muy bien, señor Lara — you're looking very well, Mr Lara
b) (impers)2) (conser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am; si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy — if she can, so can I
* * *= itEx. It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.* * *I1)lo interesante del caso es que... — the interesting thing about the case is that...
¿estoy en lo cierto? — am I right?
¿sabes lo de Pablo? — have you heard about Pablo?
voy a lo de Eva — (RPl) I'm going to Eva's house
lo que es por mí or en lo que a mí respecta... — (fam) as far as I'm concerned (colloq)
lo cual or que fue desmentido por el Gobierno — which was denied by the Government
3) ( con valor ponderativo)II¿ves lo mal que habla? — you see how badly he speaks?
pronombre personal1)a) ( referido - a él) him; (- a usted) you; (- a cosa, etc) it¿lo conoces? — do you know him?
lo encuentro muy bien, señor Lara — you're looking very well, Mr Lara
b) (impers)2) (conser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am; si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy — if she can, so can I
* * *= itEx: It seems appropriate to take a retrospective look at the evolution of our catalog and the ideology which has shaped it.
* * *lo1Aprefiero lo dulce I prefer sweet thingslo difícil es más interesante difficult things are more interestingdejemos lo difícil para mañana let's leave the difficult part until tomorrowlo interesante del caso es que … the interesting thing about the case is that …¿estoy en lo correcto? am I right?desde lo alto de la sierra from high up in the mountainstrata de ser lo más objetivo posible try to be as objective as possiblelo expresado por mi colega what my colleague saidque cada cual se ocupe de lo suyo everyone should take care of their own thingsse ha enterado de lo nuestro she's found out about uslo de la enfermedad de su madre es puro cuento this business o story about his mother being ill is complete fictionlo de Rafael fue realmente trágico what happened to Rafael was really tragiclo de María es muy triste it's very sad about Maríavoy a lo de Cristina ( RPl); I'm going to Cristina's, I'm going to Cristina's house o ( colloq) placeB(con oraciones de relativo): no entiendo lo que dices I don't understand what you're sayinghaz lo que creas oportuno do as you see fit, do what you think fitlo que más me gustó fue la música what I liked most was the musiclo que es por mí, que se muera ( fam); for all I care o as far as I'm concerned, he can drop dead ( colloq)( fam): en lo que se refiere a la televisión … as far as television is concerned …lo cual or lo que fue desmentido por el Gobierno which was denied by the GovernmentC(con valor ponderativo): ¡lo que debe haber sufrido! how she must have suffered!¿no te das cuenta de lo ridículo que es? don't you realize how ridiculous it is?¡no te imaginas lo que fue aquello! you can't imagine what it was like!¿has visto lo mal que habla? you see how badly he speaks?¡lo que es tener la conciencia tranquila! it's wonderful o what it is to have a clear conscience!pobre abuelo, con lo enfermo que está … poor grandpa, he's so ill …nosotros estábamos aquí lo más tranquilos ( fam); we were just sitting here as quiet as you like ( colloq)lo2Alo presentó como su novio she introduced him as her boyfriendlo encuentro muy bien, señor Calvo you're looking very well, Mr Calvoléelo en voz alta read it alouda él no lo pienso invitar I don't intend inviting himyo a usted lo respeto mucho I have great respect for youel pollo lo voy a hacer con arroz I'm going to cook the chicken with rice2 ( impers):duele que a uno lo traten así it hurts when people treat you like thatB (con:ser, estar, haber): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I amsi ella es capaz de hacerlo yo también lo soy if she can do it, so can Ino será estúpido, pero lo parece he may not be stupid but he certainly acts like it¿hay algo que hacer? — sí, lo hay, y mucho is there anything needs doing? — yes, there is, plenty* * *
lo art
1:
lo interesante del caso es … the interesting thing about the case is …;
¿estoy en lo cierto? am I right?;
en lo alto de la sierra high up in the mountains;
ser lo más objetivo posible to be as objective as possible;
me dijo lo de siempre he came out with the same old story;
se ha enterado de lo nuestro/de lo de Pablo she's found out about us/about Pablo;
voy a lo de Eva (RPl) I'm going to Eva's (place)
2a)
lo cual fue desmentido por el gobierno which was denied by the Governmentb)
no entiendo lo que dices I don't understand what you're saying;
pide lo que quieras ask for whatever you want;
límpialo con un trapo o lo que sea clean it with a cloth or whatever;
¡lo que debe haber sufrido! how she must have suffered!;
¡no te imaginas lo que fue aquello! you can't imagine what it was like!;
¡lo que es saber idiomas! it sure is something (AmE) o (BrE) what it is to be able speak languages
■ pron pers
1
(— a usted) you;
(— a cosa, etc) it;◊ ¿lo conozco? do I know you?;
lo compré hoy I bought it today;
ya lo sé I knowb) ( impers):
2 ( con◊ estar, ser): ¿que si estoy harta? pues sí, lo estoy am I fed up? well, yes, I am;
si ella es capaz, yo también lo soy if she can, so can I
lo 1 art det neut the
lo mío, mine
lo nuestro, ours
lo otro, the other thing
lo peor, the worst (thing)
lo 2 pron pers m & neut
1 (objeto) it: no lo compliques, don't complicate it
(no se traduce) díselo, tell her
no lo sé, I don't know ➣ le 2 lo cual..., which... 3 lo de..., the business of...: no me dijo lo de su divorcio, he didn't tell me about his divorce 4 lo que..., what...: pídeme lo que quieras, ask me for whatever you want
5 (persona) no lo humilles, don't humiliate him
'lo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
A
- abogada
- abogado
- acabose
- acanallar
- acariciar
- acaso
- aconsejar
- acreditar
- adelantarse
- agarrar
- agradecer
- alargarse
- alta
- alto
- amarre
- amortizar
- ancha
- ancho
- ánimo
- animosidad
- antes
- anticiparse
- apenas
- aprovecharse
- arramblar
- arrastrar
- así
- aunque
- aviso
- bailar
- baja
- bajinis
- bajo
- bandeja
- bar
- bastante
- bendita
- bendito
- berrinche
- bestia
- bien
- bolsillo
- bombo
- buenamente
- caber
- cacarear
- cachaza
- cada
- caer
English:
abandon
- absent-mindedly
- abuse
- accident
- accidentally
- account
- account for
- accurate
- aching
- advise
- afraid
- again
- agreeable
- ahead
- all
- along
- aloud
- amok
- anticipate
- anticlimax
- anybody
- apparently
- appearance
- appease
- apply
- arbitration
- as
- at
- atop
- bad
- bang up
- bare
- basic
- bat
- be-all and end-all
- beat down
- beautiful
- beauty
- because
- belief
- believe
- below
- bend
- benefit
- besides
- best
- better
- between
- beyond
- bite
* * *(complemento directo)1. [a él, a ella] him, f her;pl them;lo conocí en una fiesta I met him at a party;la han despedido she's been sacked, they've sacked her;¡si lo insultan a uno, habrá que contestar! if people insult you, you have to answer back!2. [a usted] you;¿la acerco a algún sitio? can I give you a Br lift o US ride anywhere?3. [ello, esa cosa] it;pl them;no lo he visto I haven't seen it;esta pared hay que pintarla this wall needs paintinglo2♦ pron personal1. (neutro & predicado) it;lo pensaré I'll think about it;no lo sé I don't know;me gusta – ¡ya lo veo! I like it – I can see that!;su hermana es muy guapa pero él no lo es his sister is very good-looking, but he isn't;¿estás cansado? – sí que lo estoy are you tired? – yes, I am;es muy bueno aunque no lo parezca it's very good, even if it doesn't look itcompré este vestido en lo de Vicky I bought this dress at Vicky's (shop)♦ art(neutro)1. (antes de adjetivo, frase sustantiva o pronombre)lo antiguo me gusta más que lo moderno I like old things better than modern things;te olvidas de lo principal you're forgetting the most important thing;lo interesante viene ahora now comes the interesting bit o part;lo mejor/peor es que… the best/worst part is (that)…;quiere lo mejor para sus hijos she wants the best for her children;¿y lo de la fiesta? what about the party, then?;siento lo de ayer I'm sorry about yesterday;lo de abrir una tienda no me parece mala idea opening a shop doesn't seem at all a bad idea to me;lo de la huelga sigue sin resolverse that strike business still hasn't been resolved;lo mío son los toros [lo que me va] bullfighting's my thing, I'm a big bullfighting fan;el ajedrez no es lo mío [mi punto fuerte] chess isn't really my thing o game, I'm not very good at chess2. (con valor enfático)¡mira que no gustarle el queso, con lo bueno que está! how can she say she doesn't like cheese when it's so good?;no me quiere ayudar, ¡con todo lo que yo he hecho por ella! she doesn't want to help me – and after all I've done for her!;no te imaginas lo grande que era you can't imagine how big it was;¡lo que me pude reír con sus chistes! I did laugh o I really laughed at his jokes!3. (con frases de relativo)lo cual which;no quiso participar, lo cual no es de extrañar she didn't want to take part, which is hardly surprising;acepté lo que me ofrecieron I accepted what they offered me;gano menos de lo que te imaginas I earn less than you think;lo que ocurre es que… the thing is (that)…;puedes tomar lo que te apetezca you can have whatever you want;en lo que respecta a… as far as… is concerned, with regard to…♦ a lo que loc conjAndes, RP [en cuanto] as soon as;a lo que lo vio, salió corriendo she ran away as soon as she saw him* * *loI art sg the;lo bueno the good thing;no sabes lo difícil que es you don’t know how difficult it islo sé I knowIII pron rel sg:lo que what;lo cual which* * *lo pron1) : him, itlo vi ayer: I saw him yesterdaylo entiendo: I understand itno lo creo: I don't believe so2) (formal, masculine) : youdisculpe, señor, no lo oí: excuse me sir, I didn't hear you3)lo que : what, that whicheso es lo que más le gusta: that's what he likes the mostlo art1) : thelo mejor: the best, the best thing2) : howsé lo bueno que eres: I know how good you are* * *lo1 det (en general) the... thinglo2 pron1. (él) him2. (usted) you3. (cosa) it -
27 constituir
v.1 to make up.2 to be.constituye una falta grave it is o constitutes a serious misdemeanorno creo que constituya ningún obstáculo I don't think it constitutes an obstacle, I don't see it as an obstacle3 to set up, to constitute.Ellos constituyeron un club They constituted a club.Ellos constituyen leyes They establish laws.* * *1 (formar) to comprise, make up, constitute■ el sol y los planetas constituyen el sistema solar the solar system is made up of the sun and the planets2 (ser) to be, constitute3 (crear) to create, set up, establish1 to set oneself up as, become* * *verb2) set up* * *1. VT frm1) (=crear, fundar) [+ comité, asamblea] to set up, constitute frm; [+ empresa] to set upconstituyeron una comisión de investigación — a committee of inquiry was set up o frm constituted
2) (=estar formado por) to make up, constituteel comité lo constituyen 12 miembros — the committee is made up o composed of 12 members, the committee comprises 12 members
estar constituido por — to be made up of, be composed of, comprise
3) (=representar) to constitute frmla pesca constituye la principal riqueza de la región — fishing represents o frm constitutes the region's main source of wealth
4) (=nombrar)2.See:* * *1.verbo transitivo (frml)a) (componer, formar) to make up, constitute (frml)b) (ser, representar) to represent, constitute (frml)c) ( crear) <comisión/compañía> to set up, establishd) ( nombrar) to name2.constituirse v pron (frml)a) ( erigirse)b) ( reunirse)constituirse en algo — en asamblea/consejo to form something, form oneself into something
* * *= constitute, fall into, make up, populate, fall under.Ex. One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.Ex. Certain words may fall into a short list of 35 common words such as analysis, which do not give rise to inversion within the cross-reference.Ex. Each volume is make up of several issues which appear in the next lower level.Ex. One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.Ex. It is the type of compound that is of primary importance to researchers in chemistry, not the total sum of individual compounds that fall under it.----* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.* constituir la base = form + the foundation.* constituir la base de = form + the basis of.* constituir la culminación de Algo = represent + the culmination of.* constituirse en nación = evolve into + nationhood.* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.* * *1.verbo transitivo (frml)a) (componer, formar) to make up, constitute (frml)b) (ser, representar) to represent, constitute (frml)c) ( crear) <comisión/compañía> to set up, establishd) ( nombrar) to name2.constituirse v pron (frml)a) ( erigirse)b) ( reunirse)constituirse en algo — en asamblea/consejo to form something, form oneself into something
* * *= constitute, fall into, make up, populate, fall under.Ex: One of the most obvious of the limitations of this approach is that it is difficult to decide what constitutes a separate work.
Ex: Certain words may fall into a short list of 35 common words such as analysis, which do not give rise to inversion within the cross-reference.Ex: Each volume is make up of several issues which appear in the next lower level.Ex: One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.Ex: It is the type of compound that is of primary importance to researchers in chemistry, not the total sum of individual compounds that fall under it.* constituir como sociedad = incorporate.* constituir la base = form + the foundation.* constituir la base de = form + the basis of.* constituir la culminación de Algo = represent + the culmination of.* constituirse en nación = evolve into + nationhood.* constituir un obstáculo = constitute + an obstacle.* * *constituir [ I20 ]vt( frml)1 (componer, formar) to make upel consejo está constituido por siete miembros the board is made up of seven memberslas personas que constituyen el jurado the people who make up o form o ( frml) constitute the jury2 (ser, representar) to represent, constitute ( frml)eso no constituye un impedimento that does not represent o constitute an obstacleesta acción no constituye delito this action does not constitute a crimerecibir este premio constituye un honor para mí I am very honored to receive this award, I deem it an honor to receive this award ( frml)esto constituye una excepción this is an exception4 (nombrar) to namelo constituyó heredero universal she named him as her sole heir, she made him her sole heir( frml)1 (erigirse) constituirse EN algo to become sthla región se constituyó en una nación independiente the region became an independent nation2 (reunirse) constituirse EN algo to form sth, form oneself INTO sthlos trabajadores acordaron constituirse en asamblea permanente the workers agreed to form a permanent assembly* * *
constituir ( conjugate constituir) verbo transitivo (frml)
constituir verbo transitivo
1 (formar) to constitute
2 (representar) to represent
3 (fundar) to constitute, set up
' constituir' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
componer
English:
comprise
- constitute
- form
- incorporate
- represent
* * *♦ vt1. [componer] to make up;estas cinco secciones constituyen el primer capítulo these five sections make up the first chapter;la junta directiva está constituida por cinco miembros the board of directors has five members2. [ser] to be, to constitute;constituye una falta grave it is o constitutes a serious misdemeanour;no creo que constituya ningún obstáculo I don't think it constitutes an obstacle, I don't see it as an obstacle3. [crear] to set up, to constitute* * *v/t1 constitute, make up* * *constituir {41} vt1) formar: to constitute, to make up, to form2) fundar: to establish, to set up -
28 second
I
1. 'sekənd adjective1) (next after, or following, the first in time, place etc: February is the second month of the year; She finished the race in second place.) segundo2) (additional or extra: a second house in the country.) segundo3) (lesser in importance, quality etc: She's a member of the school's second swimming team.) segundo
2. adverb(next after the first: He came second in the race.) segundo
3. noun1) (a second person, thing etc: You're the second to arrive.) segundo2) (a person who supports and helps a person who is fighting in a boxing match etc.) segundo, cuidador
4. verb(to agree with (something said by a previous speaker), especially to do so formally: He proposed the motion and I seconded it.) apoyar, secundar
5. noun(a secondary school.) escuela de secundaria- seconder- secondly
- secondary colours
- secondary school
- second-best
- second-class
- second-hand
- second lieutenant
- second-rate
- second sight
- second thoughts
- at second hand
- come off second best
- every second week
- month
- second to none
II 'sekənd noun1) (the sixtieth part of a minute: He ran the race in three minutes and forty-two seconds.) segundo2) (a short time: I'll be there in a second.) segundo, instantesecond1 adj segundosecond2 n segundotr['sekənd]■ Birmingham is second only to London in population sólo Londres tiene más habitantes que Birmingham■ every second day/week/month/year cada dos días/semanas/meses/años1 segundo,-a1 (in series) segundo,-a3 SMALLAUTOMOBILES/SMALL (gear) segunda5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL segunda1 segundo, en segundo lugar■ he came second llegó segundo, quedó en segundo lugar1 (motion, proposal) apoyar, secundar1 SMALLCOMMERCE/SMALL artículos nombre masculino plural con tara, artículos nombre masculino plural defectuosos1 (food) segunda ración nombre femenino■ who wants seconds? ¿quién quiere repetir?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLon second thoughts pensándolo biento be second nature to somebody serle completamente natural a alguien■ don't worry, it'll soon become second nature to you no te preocupes, pronto te parecerá una cosa muy naturalto be second to none no tener igualto have a second string to one's bow tener otra alternativato have second helpings repetirto have second thoughts (about something) entrarle dudas a uno (sobre algo), cambiar de idea (sobre algo)to play second fiddle ser segundón,-ona, desempeñar un papel secundariosecond class segunda claseSecond Coming Segundo Advenimientosecond generation segunda generación nombre femeninosecond half segundo tiemposecond language segundo idiomasecond name apellidosecond person segunda personasecond sight clarividencia————————tr['sekənd]1 (time) segundo■ Christie's time was 9.9 seconds Christie hizo un tiempo de 9,9 segundos2 familiar momento, momentito■ have you got a second? ¿tienes un momento?\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLsecond hand (of watch) segundero————————tr[sɪ'kɒnd]1 SMALLBRITISH ENGLISH/SMALL trasladar temporalmentesecond ['sɛkənd] vt: secundar, apoyar (una moción): en segundo lugarsecond adj: segundosecond n1) : segundo m, -da f (en una serie)2) : segundo m, segunda parte f3) : segundo m, ayudante m (en deportes)4) moment: segundo m, momento madj.• segunda adj.• segundo, -a adj.adv.• en segundo lugar adv.n.• dos s.m.• segunda s.f.• segundante s.m.• segundo s.m. (In a duel)v.• apadrinar v.v.• secundar v.
I 'sekənd1)a) segundohe's already had a second helping — ya ha repetido or (Chi) se ha repetido
to give somebody a second chance — darle* a alguien otra oportunidad
every second Tuesday/week — cada dos martes/semanas, martes/semana por medio (CS, Per)
b) (in seniority, standing) segundo2) ( elliptical use)
II
a) (in position, time, order) en segundo lugarwork comes second, family first — la familia está antes que el trabajo
b) ( secondly) en segundo lugarc) ( with superl)
III
1)a) ( of time) segundo m; (before n)second hand — segundero m
b) ( moment) segundo mit doesn't take a second — no lleva ni un segundo, es cosa de un segundo
2)a) second (gear) ( Auto) (no art) segunda fb) ( in competition)he finished a good/poor second — quedó en un honroso/deslucido segundo lugar
c) (BrE Educ)upper/lower second — segunda y tercera nota de la escala de calificaciones de un título universitario
3) (in boxing, wrestling) segundo m; ( in dueling) padrino m4) ( substandard product) artículo m con defectos de fábrica5) seconds pl ( second helping) (colloq)to have seconds — repetir*, repetirse* (Chi)
IV
1) ( support) \<\<motion/candidate\>\> secundar
I ['sekǝnd]1. ADJ1) (gen) segundothey have a second home in Oxford — tienen otra casa en Oxford, en Oxford tienen una segunda vivienda
will you have a second cup? — ¿quieres otra taza?
•
in second gear — (Aut) en segunda (velocidad)•
it's second nature to her — lo hace sin pensarfor some of us swimming is not second nature — para muchos de nosotros nadar no es algo que nos salga hacer de forma natural
he had practised until it had become second nature — había practicado hasta que le salía con naturalidad
•
to be/lie in second place — estar/encontrarse en segundo lugar or segunda posición•
to have second sight — tener clarividencia, ser clarividenteto have second thoughts (about sth/about doing sth) — tener sus dudas (sobre algo/si hacer algo)
on second thoughts... — pensándolo bien...
fatherhood second time around has not been easy for him — volver a ser padre no le ha resultado fácil
•
to be second to none — no tener rival, ser inigualablefloor 1.Bath is second only to Glasgow as a tourist attraction — Bath es la atracción turística más popular aparte de Glasgow, solo Glasgow gana en popularidad a Bath como atracción turística
2) (Mus) segundofiddle 1., 1)2. ADV1) (in race, competition, election) en segundo lugar•
to come/ finish second — quedar/llegar en segundo lugar or segunda posiciónin popularity polls he came second only to Nelson Mandela — en los sondeos era el segundo más popular por detrás de Nelson Mandela
2) (=secondly) segundo, en segundo lugarthe second largest fish — el segundo pez en tamaño, el segundo mayor pez
this is the second largest city in Spain — ocupa la segunda posición entre las ciudades más grandes de España
3. N1) (in race, competition)•
he came a good/ poor second — quedó segundo a poca/gran distancia del vencedorstudying for his exams comes a poor second to playing football — prepararse los exámenes no tiene ni de lejos la importancia que tiene jugar al fútbol
closeI feel I come a poor second in my husband's affections to our baby daughter — tengo la sensación de que mi marido vuelca todo su cariño en la pequeña y a mí me tiene olvidada
2) (Aut) segunda velocidad f•
in second — en segunda (velocidad)seconds out! — ¡segundos fuera!
4) (Brit)(Univ)•
Lower/ Upper Second — calificación que ocupa el tercer/segundo lugar en la escala de las que se otorgan con un título universitarioSee:see cultural note DEGREE in degree5) secondsa) (Comm) artículos mpl con defecto de fábrica•
these dresses are slight seconds — estos vestidos tienen pequeños defectos de fábricab) (Culin)will you have seconds? — ¿quieres más?
4. VT1) [+ motion, speaker, nomination] apoyar, secundarI'll second that * — lo mismo digo yo, estoy completamente de acuerdo
2) [sɪ'kɒnd][+ employee] trasladar temporalmente; [+ civil servant] enviar en comisión de servicios (Sp)5.CPDsecond chamber N — [of parliament] cámara f alta
the Second Coming N — (Rel) el segundo Advenimiento
second cousin N — primo(-a) segundo(-a) m / f
second fiddle — see fiddle 1., 1)
second form N — curso de secundaria para alumnos de entre 12 y 13 años
second gear N — segunda f
second half N — (Sport) segundo tiempo m, segunda parte f ; (Econ) segundo semestre m (del año económico)
second house N — (Theat) segunda función f
second lieutenant N — (in army) alférez mf, subteniente mf
second mate, second officer N — (in Merchant Navy) segundo m de a bordo
second name N — apellido m
second person N — (Gram) segunda persona f
the second person singular/plural — la segunda persona del singular/plural
second sight N —
•
to have second sight — ser clarividentesecond string N — (esp US) (Sport) (=player) suplente mf ; (=team) equipo m de reserva
II ['sekǝnd]1.N (in time, Geog, Math) segundo m•
in a split second — en un instante, en un abrir y cerrar de ojosthe operation is timed to a split second — la operación está concebida con la mayor precisión en cuanto al tiempo
•
it won't take a second — es cosa de un segundo, es un segundo nada más•
at that very second — en ese mismo instante2.CPDsecond hand N — [of clock] segundero m
* * *
I ['sekənd]1)a) segundohe's already had a second helping — ya ha repetido or (Chi) se ha repetido
to give somebody a second chance — darle* a alguien otra oportunidad
every second Tuesday/week — cada dos martes/semanas, martes/semana por medio (CS, Per)
b) (in seniority, standing) segundo2) ( elliptical use)
II
a) (in position, time, order) en segundo lugarwork comes second, family first — la familia está antes que el trabajo
b) ( secondly) en segundo lugarc) ( with superl)
III
1)a) ( of time) segundo m; (before n)second hand — segundero m
b) ( moment) segundo mit doesn't take a second — no lleva ni un segundo, es cosa de un segundo
2)a) second (gear) ( Auto) (no art) segunda fb) ( in competition)he finished a good/poor second — quedó en un honroso/deslucido segundo lugar
c) (BrE Educ)upper/lower second — segunda y tercera nota de la escala de calificaciones de un título universitario
3) (in boxing, wrestling) segundo m; ( in dueling) padrino m4) ( substandard product) artículo m con defectos de fábrica5) seconds pl ( second helping) (colloq)to have seconds — repetir*, repetirse* (Chi)
IV
1) ( support) \<\<motion/candidate\>\> secundar2) [sɪ'kɒnd] ( attach) (BrE) -
29 época
f.epoch, era, season, age.* * *1 time, age2 HISTORIA period, epoch3 AGRICULTURA season, time\hacer época to be a landmark, make historypor aquella época about that timeser de su época to be with the times* * *noun f.age, epoch, time, period* * *SF1) (=momento histórico) age, period, epoch frmdurante la época isabelina — in Elizabethan times, in the Elizabethan era o age
en aquella época — at that time, in that period
hacer época — to be epoch-making, be a landmark
época de la serpiente de mar — hum silly season
época de celo — (Zool) mating season, rutting season
* * *a) ( período de tiempo - en la historia) time, period; (- en la vida) timeen la época de Franco — in Franco's time, under Franco
en aquella época — in those days o at that time
hacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época — a group which marked a new era in musical history
b) ( parte del año) time of yearc) (Geol) epoch* * *= era, epoch, age, period, time.Ex. Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.Ex. The epoch of management inquiry and research has largely developed during this century, and many schools of thought have tried to formulate the underlying principles of management.Ex. He was a frank elitist living in an age of rampant equalitarianism.Ex. Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.Ex. The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.----* anormal para la época del año = unseasonably.* atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.* coche de época = vintage car.* de época = vintage.* de esa época = of the period.* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.* de la época victoriana = Victorian.* de + Posesivo + época = of + Posesivo + day.* desde la época de = since the days of/when.* desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.* desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.* de su época = of + Posesivo + time.* de una época anterior = vestigial.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.* en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.* en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.* en épocas de = in times of.* en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.* en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.* en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.* en épocas difíciles = in times of need.* en épocas pasadas = in past ages.* en esta época del año = around this time of year.* en la época de posguerra = in the postwar period.* en la época prehistórica = in prehistoric times.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en + Posesivo + época = in + Posesivo + time.* en una época de = in a period of.* en una época de transición = in a period of transition.* en una época en donde = in an age where.* época clásica, la = classical age, the.* época colonial = frontier days, colonial times.* época del año = season.* época del celo = rutting, rutting season.* época de lluvias = rainy season.* época de paz = peacetime [peace time].* época de plantar = planting time.* época de vacaciones = holiday season.* época dorada = glory days.* época lluviosa = rainy season.* época medieval = mediaeval period [medieval period, -USA], mediaeval times [medieval times, -USA].* época pasada = bygone era.* época postcolonial = post-colonial times.* épocas anteriores = earlier times.* época universitaria = school days.* época victoriana, la = Victorian Era, the.* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.* hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.* Inglaterra de la época victoriana = Victorian England.* la época de Algo = in season.* novela de época = period novel.* posterior a la época esclavista = post-slavery.* primera época, la = early days, the.* que hace época = epoch-making.* que hizo época = epochal.* que marca época = landmark.* ser una buena época = be a good time.* tendencia de la época, la = trend of the times, the.* típico de la época = olde quaynte.* * *a) ( período de tiempo - en la historia) time, period; (- en la vida) timeen la época de Franco — in Franco's time, under Franco
en aquella época — in those days o at that time
hacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época — a group which marked a new era in musical history
b) ( parte del año) time of yearc) (Geol) epoch* * *= era, epoch, age, period, time.Ex: Thus, as we stand on the threshold of what is undoubtedly a new era in catalog control, it is worth considering to what extent the traditional services of the Library will continue in the forms now available.
Ex: The epoch of management inquiry and research has largely developed during this century, and many schools of thought have tried to formulate the underlying principles of management.Ex: He was a frank elitist living in an age of rampant equalitarianism.Ex: Library use declines during the June-October period when examinations have finished and the students are on vacation.Ex: The following highlights are what this first class of Fellows recall of their time overseas.* anormal para la época del año = unseasonably.* atípico para la época del año = unseasonably.* coche de época = vintage car.* de época = vintage.* de esa época = of the period.* de la época = of the time(s), of the day.* de la época isabelina = Elizabethan.* de la época victoriana = Victorian.* de + Posesivo + época = of + Posesivo + day.* desde la época de = since the days of/when.* desde la época prehistórica = since prehistoric times.* desde su época = since + Posesivo + day.* de su época = of + Posesivo + time.* de una época anterior = vestigial.* el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.* en aquella época = at the time, at that time, in those days.* en época de paz = in peacetime, during peacetime.* en épocas anteriores = in former times, in past eras.* en épocas de = in times of.* en épocas de guerra = in time(s) of war.* en épocas de paz = in time(s) of peace.* en épocas de prosperidad económica = in affluent times.* en épocas difíciles = in times of need.* en épocas pasadas = in past ages.* en esta época del año = around this time of year.* en la época de posguerra = in the postwar period.* en la época prehistórica = in prehistoric times.* en la misma época = contemporaneously.* en + Posesivo + época = in + Posesivo + time.* en una época de = in a period of.* en una época de transición = in a period of transition.* en una época en donde = in an age where.* época clásica, la = classical age, the.* época colonial = frontier days, colonial times.* época del año = season.* época del celo = rutting, rutting season.* época de lluvias = rainy season.* época de paz = peacetime [peace time].* época de plantar = planting time.* época de vacaciones = holiday season.* época dorada = glory days.* época lluviosa = rainy season.* época medieval = mediaeval period [medieval period, -USA], mediaeval times [medieval times, -USA].* época pasada = bygone era.* época postcolonial = post-colonial times.* épocas anteriores = earlier times.* época universitaria = school days.* época victoriana, la = Victorian Era, the.* esa época ya pasó hace tiempo = that time is long past.* hubo una época en la que = there was a time when.* Inglaterra de la época victoriana = Victorian England.* la época de Algo = in season.* novela de época = period novel.* posterior a la época esclavista = post-slavery.* primera época, la = early days, the.* que hace época = epoch-making.* que hizo época = epochal.* que marca época = landmark.* ser una buena época = be a good time.* tendencia de la época, la = trend of the times, the.* típico de la época = olde quaynte.* * *1 (período de tiempo — en la historia) time, period; (— en la vida) timeuna época de grandes cambios sociales a period o time o an age of great social changedurante la época victoriana in Victorian times, in the Victorian age o eraen la época de Franco in Franco's time, under Francouna época gloriosa de nuestra historia a glorious time in o period of our historyen aquella época había dos pretendientes al trono at that time o in that period o during that period there were two pretenders to the thronemuebles de época period furniturela época más feliz de su vida the happiest time o period of her lifeen aquella época yo trabajaba en la fábrica in those days o at that time I was working in the factoryen épocas de crisis in times of crisisestá pasando por una buena época she's doing very wellhacer época: un grupo musical que hizo época a group which represented a landmark o marked a new era in musical history2 (parte del año) time of yearodio esta época del año I hate this time of yeardurante la época de lluvias during the rainy seasonno es época de naranjas oranges are not in season at the moment, it's the wrong time of year for orangeses la época de las cometas it's the kite-flying season3 ( Geol) epochuna formación de la época eocena a formation of the Eocene epochCompuestos:mating season● época dorada or de orogolden age* * *
época sustantivo femenino
la época de los Tudor the Tudor period;
muebles de época period furniture;
en aquella época in those days o at that time;
esa época de mi vida that period of my life;
es música de mi época it's music from my time
época sustantivo femenino
1 (periodo de tiempo) period, time: vivió en la época de Felipe II, he lived in the time of Felipe the second
en aquella época, at that time
2 Agr season: es época de vendimia, it's grape harvest season
no es época de fresas, strawberries aren't in season
3 Geol age, epoch
♦ Locuciones: hacer época, to be a landmark
' época' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
antigüedad
- apuro
- estrechez
- extemporánea
- extemporáneo
- marco
- moral
- recrear
- remontarse
- temporada
- tiempo
- traje
- transcurrir
- adelantar
- conflictivo
- cosecha
- dorado
- edad
- era
- extender
- lejano
- lluvioso
- manifestación
- momento
- pasado
- paz
- remoto
- suceder
English:
accomplished
- age
- antique
- dawn
- day
- epoch
- later
- mating season
- period
- season
- time
- vintage
- contemporary
- era
- golden
- peace
* * *época nf1. [periodo histórico] epoch, era;la época victoriana the Victorian era;en la época de Zapata at the time of Zapata;en aquella época los dinosaurios poblaban la Tierra at that time dinosaurs roamed the Earth;coche de época vintage car;muebles de época period furniture;vestido de época period dress;hacer época to become a symbol of its time;una película/una victoria de las que hacen época a movie/victory that will go down in history2. [periodo de la vida] period;prefiere no recordar esa época de su vida he prefers not to recall that period in his life;un Dalí de su época joven an early Dali;en aquella época vivíamos en Manchester at that time we lived in Manchester;lleva una época larga sin trabajar he's been out of work for a long period;la empresa ha pasado por una mala época the company has been through a bad spell3. [estación] season;la época de las lluvias the rainy season;la época del apareamiento the mating season4. Geol age* * *f1 time, period;en aquella época at that time;hacer época be epoch-making3 GEOL epoch* * *época nf1) edad, era, período: epoch, age, period2) : time of year, season3)de época : vintage, antique* * *época n timesu época de estudiante his student days / when he was a student -
30 INTRODUCTION
For a small country perched on the edge of western Europe but with an early history that began more than 2,000 years ago, there is a vast bibliography extant in many languages. Since general reference works with bibliography on Portugal are few, both principal and minor works are included. In the first edition, works in English, and a variety of Portuguese language works that are counted as significant if not always classic, were included. In the second and third editions, more works in Portuguese are added.It is appropriate that most of the works cited in some sections of the bibliograpy are in English, but this pattern should be put in historical perspective. Since the late 1950s, the larger proportion of foreign-language works on Portugal and the Portuguese have been in English. But this was not the case before World War II. As a whole, there were more studies in French, with a smaller number in German, Italian, and Spanish, than in English. Most of the materials published today on all aspects of this topic continue to be in Portuguese, but English-language works have come to outnumber the other non-Portuguese language studies. In addition to books useful to a variety of students, a selection of classic works of use to the visitor, tourist, and foreign resident of Portugal, as well as to those interested in Portuguese communities overseas, have been included.Readers will note that publishers' names are omitted from some Portuguese citations as well as from a number of French works. There are several reasons for this. First, in many of the older sources, publishers no longer exist and are difficult to trace. Second, the names of the publishers have been changed in some cases and are also difficult to trace. Third, in many older books and periodicals, printers' names but not publishers were cited, and identifying the publishers is virtually impossible.Some recommended classic titles for beginners are in historical studies: José Hermano Saraiva, Portugal: A Companion History (1997); A. H. de Oliveira Marques, History of Portugal (1976 ed.), general country studies in two different historical eras: Sarah Bradford, Portugal (1973) and Marion Kaplan, The Portuguese: The Land and Its People (2002 and later editions); political histories, Antônio de Figueiredo, Portugal: Fifty Years of Dictatorship (1975) and Douglas L. Wheeler, Republican Portugal: A Political History ( 1910-1926) (1978; 1998). On Portugal's Revolution of 25 April 1974 and contemporary history and politics: Kenneth Maxwell, The Making of Portuguese Democracy (1995); Phil Mailer, The Impossible Revolution (1977); Richard A. H. Robinson, Contemporary Portugal: A History (1979); Lawrence S. Graham and Douglas L. Wheeler (eds.), In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences (1983); Lawrence S. Graham and Harry M. Makler (eds.), Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and its Antecedents (1979). On contemporary Portuguese society, see Antonio Costa Pinto (ed.), Contemporary Portugal: Politics, Society, Culture (2003).Enduring works on the history of Portugal's overseas empire include: C. R. Boxer, The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825 (1969 and later editions); and Bailey W. Diffie and George Winius, The Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580 (1977); on Portugal and the Age of Discoveries: Charles Ley (ed.), Portuguese Voyages 1498-1663 (2003). For a new portrait of the country's most celebrated figure of the Age of Discoveries, see Peter Russell, Prince Henry 'The Navigator': A Life (2000). A still useful geographical study about a popular tourist region is Dan Stanislawski's Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve (1963). A fine introduction to a region of rural southern Portugal is José Cutileiro's A Portuguese Rural Society (1971).Early travel account classics are Almeida Garrett, Travels in My Homeland (1987) and William Beckford, Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcobaca and Batalha (1969 and later editions). On travel and living in Portugal, see Susan Lowndes Marques and Ann Bridge, The Selective Traveller in Portugal (1968 and later editions); David Wright and Patrick Swift, Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide (1968 and later editions); Sam Ballard and Jane Ballard, Pousadas of Portugal (1986); Richard Hewitt, A Cottage in Portugal (1996);Ian Robertson, Portugal: The Blue Guide (1988 and later editions); and Anne de Stoop, Living in Portugal (1995). Fine reads on some colorful, foreign travellers in Portugal are found in Rose Macauley, They Went to Portugal (1946 and later editions) and They Went to Portugal Too (1990). An attractive blend of historical musing and current Portugal is found in Paul Hyland's, Backing Out of the Big World: Voyage to Portugal (1996); Datus Proper's The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal (1992); and Portugal's 1998 Nobel Prize winner in Literature, José Sarmago, writes in Journey through Portugal (2001).For aspects of Portuguese literature in translation, see Aubrey F. G. Bell, The Oxford Book of Portuguese Verse (1952 edition by B. Vidigal); José Maria Eça de Queirós, The Maias (2007 and earlier editions); and José Sara-mago's Baltasar and Blimunda (1985 and later editions), as well as many other novels by this, Portugal's most celebrated living novelist. See also Landeg White's recent translation of the national 16th century epic of Luis de Camóes, The Lusiads (1997). A classic portrait of the arts in Portugal during the country's imperial age is Robert C. Smith's The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800 (1968).For those who plan to conduct research in Portugal, the premier collection of printed books, periodicals, and manuscripts is housed in the country's national library, the Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, in Lisbon. Other important collections are found in the libraries of the major universities in Coimbra, Lisbon, and Oporto, and in a number of foundations and societies. For the history of the former colonial empire, the best collection of printed materials remains in the library of Lisbon's historic Geography Society, the Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa, Lisbon; and for documents there is the state-run colonial archives, the Arquivo Historico Ultramarino, in Restelo, near Lisbon. Other government records are deposited in official archives, such as those for foreign relations in the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, housed in Necessidades Palace, Lisbon.For researchers in North America, the best collections of printed materials on Portugal are housed in the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.; New York Public Library, New York City; Newberry Library, Chicago, Illinois; and in university libraries including those of Harvard, Yale, Johns Hopkins, Brown, Indiana, Illinois, University of California at Los Angeles, University of California - Berkeley, University of California - Santa Barbara, Stanford, Florida State, Duke, University of New Hampshire, Durham, University of Toronto, University of Ottawa, McGill, and University of British Columbia. Records dealing with Portuguese affairs are found in U.S. government archives, including, for instance, those in the National Archives and Record Service (NARS), housed in Washington, D.C.BIBLIOGRAPHIES■ Academia Portuguesa de História. Guia Bibliográfica Histórica Portuguesa. Vol. I-?. Lisbon, 1954-.■ Anselmo, Antônio Joaquim. Bibliografia das bibliografias portuguesas. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional, 1923.■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Portuguese Bibliography. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1922.■ Borchardt, Paul. La Bibliographie de l'Angola, 1500-1900. Brussels, 1912. Chilcote, Ronald H., ed. and comp. The Portuguese Revolution of 25 April 1974. Annotated bibliography on the antecedents and aftermath. Coimbra: Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril, Universidade de Coimbra, 1987. Cintra, Maria Adelaide Valle. Bibliografia de textos medievais portugueses. Lisbon: Centro de Estudos Filolôgicos, 1960.■ Costa, Mário. Bibliografia Geral de Moçambique. Lisbon, 1945. Coutinho, Bernardo Xavier da Costa. Bibliographie franco-portugaise: Essai d'une bibliographie chronologique de livres français sur le Portugal. Oporto: Lopes da Silva, 1939.■ Diffie, Bailey W. "A Bibliography of the Principal Published Guides to Portuguese Archives and Libraries," Proceedings of the International Colloquium on Luso-Brazilian Studies. Nashville, Tenn., 1953. Gallagher, Tom. Dictatorial Portugal, 1926-1974: A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1979.■ Gibson, Mary Jane. Portuguese Africa: A Guide to Official Publications. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1967. Greenlee, William B. "A Descriptive Bibliography of the History of Portugal." Hispanic American Historical Review XX (August 1940): 491-516. Gulbenkian, Fundação Calouste. Boletim Internacional de Bibliografia Luso-Brasileira. Vol. 1-15. Lisbon, 1960-74.■ Instituto Camoes. Faculdade de Letras da Universidade De Coimbra. Repertorio Bibliografico da Historiografia Portuguesa ( 1974-1994). Coimbra:■ Instituto Camoes; Universidade de Coimbra, 1995. Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar. Bibliografia Da Junta De Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar Sobre Ciências Humanas E Sociais. Lisbon: Junta de Investigações Científicas Do Ultramar, 1975. Kettenring, Norman E., comp. A Bibliography of Theses and Dissertations on Portuguese Topics Completed in the United States and Canada, 1861-1983.■ Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1984. Kunoff, Hugo. Portuguese Literature from Its Origins to 1990: A Bibliography Based on the Collections at Indiana University. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1994.■ Laidlar, John. Lisbon. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 199. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1997.. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71, rev. ed. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 2000.■ Lomax, William. Revolution in Portugal: 1974-1976. A Bibliography. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1978.■ McCarthy, Joseph M. Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde Islands: A Comprehensive Bibliography. New York: Garland, 1977.■ Moniz, Miguel. Azores. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 221. Oxford: ABC-Clio, 1999.■ Nunes, José Lúcio, and José Júlio Gonçalves. Bibliografia Histórico-Militar do Ultramar Portugües. Lisbon, 1956. Pélissier, René. Bibliographies sur l'Afrique Luso-Hispanophone 1800-1890.■ Orgeval, France: 1980. Portuguese Studies. London. 1984-. Annual.■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. No. 1-23 (1976-90). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Studies Review. Vols. 1-9 (1991-2001). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal. Semi-Annual.. Vols. 10- (2002-). Durham, N.H.: Trent University; Peterborough, Ontario, Canada.■ Rocha, Natércia. Bibliografia geral da Literatura Portuguesa para Crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.■ Rogers, Francis Millet, and David T. Haberly. Brazil, Portugal and Other Portuguese-Speaking Lands: A List of Books Primarily in English. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968.■ Santos, Manuel dos. Bibliografia geral ou descrição bibliográfica de livros tantos de autores portugueses como brasileiros e muitos outras nacionalidades, impressos desde o século XV até à actualidade, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1914-25.■ Silva, J. Donald. A Bibliography on the Madeira Islands. Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1987.■ Teixeira, Carlos, and G. Lavigne. Os portugueses no Canadá: Uma bibliografia ( 1953-1996). Lisbon: Direção-Geral dos Assuntos Consulares e Comunidades Portuguesas, 1998.■ University of Coimbra, Faculty of Letters. Bibliografia Anual de História de Portugal. Vol. 1. [sources published beginning in 1989- ] Coimbra: Grupo de História; Faculdade de Letras; Universidade de Coimbra, 1992-.■ Unwin, P. T. H., comp. Portugal. World Bibliographical Series, Vol. 71. Oxford, U.K.: ABC-Clio Press, 1987.■ Viera, David J., et al., comp. The Portuguese in the United States ( Supplement to the 1976 Leo Pap Bibliography). Durham, N.H.: International Conference Group on Portugal, 1990.■ Welsh, Doris Varner, comp. A Catalogue of the William B. Greenlee Collection of Portuguese History and Literature and the Portuguese Materials in the Newberry Library. Chicago: Newberry Library, 1953.■ Wiarda, Iêda Siqueira, ed. The Handbook of Portuguese Studies. Washington, D.C.: Xlibris, 2000.■ Wilgus, A. Curtis. Latin America, Spain & Portugal: A Selected & Annotated Bibliographical Guide to Books Published 1954-1974. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1977.■ Winius, George. "Bibliographical Essay: A Treasury of Printed Source Materials Pertaining to the XV and XVI Centuries." In George Winius, ed., Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World, 1300-ca. 1600, 373-401. Madison, Wis.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.■ PERIODICALS RELATING TO PORTUGAL■ Africana. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Africa Report. New York. Monthly or bimonthly.■ Africa Today. Denver, Colo. Quarterly.■ Agenda Cultural. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Almanaque do Exército. Lisbon, 1912-40.■ American Historical Review. Washington, D.C. Quarterly.■ Anais da Académia Portuguesa da História. Lisbon.■ Anais das Bibliotecas e Arquivos. Lisbon. Annual.■ Análise do sector público administrativo e empresarial. Lisbon. Quarterly. Análise Social. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Anglo-Portuguese News. Monte Estoril and Lisbon. 1937-2003. Biweekly and weekly.■ Antropológicas. Oporto. 1998-. Semiannual. Anuário Católico de Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Archipélago. Revista do Instituto Universitário dos Açores. Punta Delgado. Semiannual. Architectural Digest. New York. Monthly. Archivum. Paris. Quarterly. Arqueologia. Oporto. Annual.■ Arqueólogo Portugües, O. Lisbon. 1958-. Semiannual Arquivo das Colónias. Lisbon. 1917-33. Arquivo de Beja. Beja. Annual. Arquivo Histórico Portuguez. Lisbon.■ Arquivos da Memória. Lisbon. 1997-. Semiannual.■ Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües [Fundação Gulbenkian, Paris]. Paris. Annual.■ Boletim da Academia Internacional da Cultura Portuguesa. Lisbon. Boletim da Agência Geral das Colónias. Lisbon.■ Boletim da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon Quarterly; Bimonthly.■ Boletim da Sociedade Geológica de Portugal. Oporto. Annual.■ Boletim de Estudos Operários. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Arquivo Histórico Militar. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Boletim do Instituto Histórico da Ilha Terceira. Angra do Heroismo, Terceira, Azores Islands. Semiannual. Boletim Geral do Ultramar. Lisbon. Bracara Augusta. Braga. Brigantia. Lisbon. 1990-. Semiannual.■ British Bulletin of Publications on Latin America... Portugal and Spain. London. 1949-. Semiannual. British Historical Society of Portugal. Annual Report and Review. Lisbon. Brotéria. Lisbon. Quarterly. Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises. Paris. Quarterly.■ Bulletin des Etudes Portugaises et de l'Institut Français au Portugal. Lisbon. Annual.■ Cadernos de Arqueologia. Braga. Semiannual and annual. Monographs.■ Cadernos do Noroeste. Braga, University of Minho. Semiannual.■ Camões Center Quarterly. New York.■ Capital, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Clio. Lisbon. 1996-. Annual.■ Clio-Arqueologia. Lisbon. 1983-. Annual.■ Conimbriga. Coimbra.■ Cultura. London. Quarterly.■ Democracia e Liberdade. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Dia, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário da Assembleia Nacional e Constituente. Lisbon. 1911.■ Diário da Câmara de Deputados. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Diário de Lisboa. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Diário de Notícias. Lisbon. Daily newspaper of record.■ Diário do Governo. Lisbon. 1910-74.■ Diário do Senado. Lisbon. 1911-26.■ Documentos. Centro de Documentação 25 de Abril. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ E-Journal of Portuguese History. Providence, R.I. Quarterly.■ Economia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Economia e Finanças. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Economia e Sociologia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Estratégia Internacional. Lisbon.■ Estudos Contemporâneos. Lisbon.■ Estudos de economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Estudos históricos e económicos. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Estudos Medievais. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Estudos Orientais. Lisbon, 1990. Semiannual.■ Ethnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Ethnologie Française. Paris. Quarterly.■ Ethnos. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ European History Quarterly. Lancaster, U.K., 1970-. Quarterly.■ Expresso. Lisbon. 1973-. Weekly newspaper.■ Facts and Reports. Amsterdam. Collected press clippings.■ Financial Times. London. Daily; special supplements on Portugal.■ Finisterra. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Flama. Lisbon. Monthly magazine.■ Garcia de Orta. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Gaya. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Geographica: Revista da Sociedade de Geografia de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Hispania. USA. Quarterly.■ Hispania Antiqua. Madrid. Semiannual.■ Hispanic American Historical Review. Chapel Hill, N.C. Quarterly. História. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Iberian Studies. Nottingham, U.K. Quarterly or Semiannual.■ Indicadores económicos. Lisbon. Bank of Portugal. Monthly. Ingenium. Revista da Ordem dos Engenheiros. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ International Journal of Iberian Studies. London and Glasgow, 1987-. Semiannual.■ Illustração Portugueza. Lisbon. 1911-1930s. Magazine. Instituto, O. Coimbra. Annual.■ Itinerário. Leiden (Netherlands). 1976-. Semiannual. Jornal, O. Lisbon. Weekly newspaper. Jornal de Letras, O. Lisbon. Weekly culture supplement. Jornal do Fundão. Fundão, Beira Alta. Weekly newspaper. Journal of European Economic History. Quarterly.■ Journal of Modern History. Chicago, Ill. Quarterly.■ Journal of Southern European Society & Politics. Athens, Greece. 1995-. Quarterly.■ Journal of the American Portuguese Culture Society. New York. 1966-81. Semiannual or annual. Ler História. Lisbon. Quarterly. Lisboa: Revista Municipal. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Lusíada: Revista trimestral de ciência e cultura. Lisbon. 1989-. Three times a year.■ Lusitania Sacra. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Luso-Americano, O. Newark, N.J. Weekly newspaper.■ Luso-Brazilian Review. Madison, Wisc. 1964-. Semiannual.■ Lusotopie. Paris. 1995-. Annual.■ Nova economia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Numismática. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Oceanos. Lisbon. Bimonthly.■ Ocidente. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Olisipo. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Ordem do Exército. Lisbon. 1926-74. Monthly.■ Penélope. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Política Internacional. Lisbon. 1990-. Quarterly.■ Portugal. Annuário Estatístico do Ultramar. Lisbon. 1950-74.■ Portugal em Africa. Lisbon. 1894-1910. Bimonthly.■ Portugal socialista. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Portugália. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Portuguese & Colonial Bulletin. London. 1961-74. Quarterly. Portuguese Studies. London. 1985-. Annual.■ Portuguese Studies Newsletter. Durham, N.H. 1976-90. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Studies Review. Durham, N.H. 1991-2001; Trent, Ont. 2002-. Semiannual.■ Portuguese Times. New Bedford, Mass. Weekly newspaper.■ Povo Livre. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Primeiro do Janeiro. Oporto. Daily newspaper.■ Quaderni Portoghesi. Rome. 1974-. Semiannual.■ Race. A Journal of Race and Group Relations. London. Quarterly.■ Recherches en Anthropologie au Portugal. Paris. 1995-. Annual.■ República, A. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ Revista da Biblioteca Nacional. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de Lisboa. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Lisbon. Quarterly. Revista da Faculdade de Letras. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista da Universidade de Coimbra. Coimbra. Quarterly. Revista de Ciência Política. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Ciências Agrárias. Lisbon. Semiannual. Revista de Economia. Lisbon. 1953-. Three times a year. Revista de Estudos Anglo-Portugueses. Lisbon. Annual. Revista de Estudos Históricos. Rio de Janeiro. Semiannual. Revista de Guimarães. Guimarães. Semiannual. Revista de História. São Paulo, Brazil. Semiannual. Revista de História Económica e Social. Oporto. Semiannual. Revista de Infanteria. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Internacional de Estudos Africanos. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Revista Lusitana. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Militar. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Revista Portuguesa de História. Coimbra. Quarterly.■ Revue Geographique des Pyrenees et du Sud-Ouest. Paris. Semiannual.■ Sábado. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.■ Seara Nova. Lisbon. 1921-. Bimonthly.■ Século, O. Lisbon. Daily Newspaper.■ Selecções do Readers Digest. Lisbon. Monthly.■ Semanário económico. Lisbon. Weekly.■ Setúbal arqueologica. Setúbal. Semiannual.■ Sigila. Paris. 1998-. Semiannual.■ Sintria. Sintra. Annual.■ Sociedade e Território. Revista de estudos urbanos e regionais. Oporto. 1986-. Quarterly.■ Studia. Lisbon. Quarterly.■ Studies in the History of Gardens and Designed Landscapes. New York. Quarterly.■ Studium Generale. Oporto. Quarterly.■ Tempo, O. Lisbon. Daily newspaper.■ Tempo e o Modo, O. Lisbon. 1968-74. Quarterly.■ Trabalhos da Sociedade Portuguesa de Antropologia. Oporto. Semiannual.■ Trabalhos de Antropologia E Etnologia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Trabalhos de Arqueologia. Lisbon. Annual.■ Translation. New York. Quarterly.■ Ultramar. Lisbon. 1960-71. Quarterly.■ Veja. São Paulo. Weekly news magazine.■ Veleia. Lisbon. Semiannual.■ Vida Mundial. Lisbon. Weekly news magazine.■ West European Politics. London. Quarterly. -
31 apellido
m.1 surname, family name.apellido de soltera maiden name2 last name, surname, family name.pres.indicat.1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: apellidar.* * *1 family name, surname, (US last name)\con nombre y apellidos figurado with all the details* * *noun m.last name, surname* * *SM1) (=nombre de familia) surname, family name2) (=apodo) nicknameAPELLIDO In the Spanish-speaking world most people use two apellidos, the first being their father's first surname, and the second their mother's first surname: e.g. the surname of the children of Juan García López, married to Carmen Pérez Rodríguez, would be García Pérez. Married women can either use the surnames they were born with or add their husband's first surname to theirs; so e.g. Carmen Pérez Rodríguez could also be known as Carmen Pérez de García or Carmen Pérez Rodríguez de García. In this particular case she could also be referred to as la señora de García. However most women continue to use their own surnames.* * *masculino surname, last name (AmE)apellido de soltera/de casada — maiden/married name
* * *= family name, last name, surname.Ex. Another issue is whether names should be inverted, i.e. family name followed by forename.Ex. Do not use your first name, last name, or initials as a password, since this information is easily guessed by an unauthorized person.Ex. Corporate names and multiple surnames are permuted or KWIC-indexed, and thus displayed on the screen under each significant word.----* apellido compuesto = compound surname.* apellido de soltera = maiden name.* nombre y apellidos = full name.* * *masculino surname, last name (AmE)apellido de soltera/de casada — maiden/married name
* * *= family name, last name, surname.Ex: Another issue is whether names should be inverted, i.e. family name followed by forename.
Ex: Do not use your first name, last name, or initials as a password, since this information is easily guessed by an unauthorized person.Ex: Corporate names and multiple surnames are permuted or KWIC-indexed, and thus displayed on the screen under each significant word.* apellido compuesto = compound surname.* apellido de soltera = maiden name.* nombre y apellidos = full name.* * *surnameapellido de soltera/de casada maiden/married name* * *
Del verbo apellidar: ( conjugate apellidar)
apellido es:
1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
apellidó es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo
apellido sustantivo masculino
surname, last name (AmE);◊ apellido de soltera/de casada maiden/married name
apellido sustantivo masculino surname
apellido de soltera, maiden name ➣ Ver nota en name
Suele traducirse por surname, aunque también puedes usar las palabras name, last name o family name.
' apellido' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
don
- doña
- señor
- señora
English:
double-barrelled
- family name
- maiden name
- name
- surname
- deed
- maiden
* * *apellido nmsurnameapellido de casada married name;apellido de soltera maiden nameAPELLIDOSIn the Spanish-speaking world people commonly use the last name of both their father and their mother (in that order). Thus, if Pedro García Fernández and María Piñedo Saavedra have a daughter called Eva, she will be known as Eva García Piñedo. This custom is followed in all official documents, though in everyday use many people use only their first surname. When a woman gets married, she usually keeps her full maiden name, rather than adopting her husband's. However, she can choose to adopt her husband's first surname as her second, or she can be known by her husband's name. So, if Eva García Piñedo married Carlos Hernández Río, she could either keep her own name intact, change it to Eva García Hernández or be known as Señora de Hernández Río. In Latin America she might also be known as Eva García Piñedo de Hernández.* * *m surname* * *apellido nm: last name, surname* * *apellido n surname -
32 but
1. conjunction(used to show a contrast between two or more things: John was there, but Peter was not.) pero
2. preposition(except (for): no-one but me; the next road but one.) exceptobut1 conj1. peroI'd like to come to the party, but I can't me gustaría ir a la fiesta, pero no puedo2. sinothe party's not on Saturday, but on Sunday la fiesta no es el sábado, sino el domingobut2 prep salvo / excepto / menostr[bʌt]1 pero■ it's cold, but dry hace frío, pero no llueve■ I'd like to, but I can't me gustaría, pero no puedo2 (after negative) sino■ not two, but three no dos, sino tres3 (after negative with verb) sino que■ she told him not to wait, but to go home le dijo que no se esperara, sino que se fuera para casa1 (nada) más que, no... sino, solamente, sólo,1 excepto, salvo, menos1 pero\SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALLbut for de no ser por, si no fuera por■ but for him, we would have failed de no ser por él, habríamos fracasadohad I but «+ pp»... si lo + imperf subj...there is nothing for it but to «+ inf» no hay más remedio que + infthe last but one el/la penúltimo,-abut ['bʌt] conj1) that: quethere is no doubt but he is lazy: no cabe duda que sea perezoso2) without: sin que3) nevertheless: pero, no obstante, sin embargoI called her but she didn't answer: la llamé pero no contestó4) yet: perohe was poor but proud: era pobre pero orgullosobut prepexcept: excepto, menoseveryone but Carlos: todos menos Carlosthe last but one: el penúltimoadv.• pero adv.• sino adv.• solamente adv.conj.• ahora conj.• empero conj.• mas conj.• pero conj.• sino conj.n.• objeción s.f.• pero s.m.prep.• excepto prep.
I bʌt, weak form bət1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV bʌtnoun pero m[bʌt]no buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
1. CONJ1) (contrasting) peroI want to go but I can't afford it — quiero ir, pero no tengo el dinero
but it does move! — ¡pero sí se mueve!
2) (in direct contradiction) sino•
he's not Spanish but Italian — no es español sino italiano•
we never go out but it rains — nunca salimos sin que llueva4) (as linker)•
but then he couldn't have known — por otro lado, no podía saber or haberlo sabidobut then you must be my cousin! — ¡entonces tú debes ser mi primo!
2.ADV (=only) solo, sólo, solamente; (=no more than) no más queIn the past the standard spelling for solo as an adverb was with an accent (sólo). Nowadays the Real Academia Española advises that the accented form is only required where there might otherwise be confusion with the adjective solo.
if I could but speak to him — si solamente or solo pudiese hablar con él
•
you can but try — con intentar no se pierde nada•
all but naked — casi desnudo•
had I but known — de haberlo sabido (yo), si lo hubiera sabido3.PREP (=except) menos, excepto, salvo•
anything but that — cualquier cosa menos eso•
everyone but him — todos menos él•
but for you — si no fuera por ti•
the last but one — el/la penúltimo(-a)•
there is nothing for it but to pay up — no hay más remedio que pagar•
who but she could have said something like that? — ¿quién sino ella podría haber dicho semejante cosa?4.N pero m, objeción f•
no buts about it! — ¡no hay pero que valga!BUT There are three main ways of translating the conjunction but: pero, sino and sino que.come on, no buts, off to bed with you! — ¡vale ya! no hay pero que valga, ¡a la cama!
Contrasting
► To introduce a contrast or a new idea, use pero:
Strange but interesting Extraño pero interesante
I thought he would help me but he refused Creí que me ayudaría, pero se negó ► In informal language, pero can be used at the start of a comment:
But where are you going to put it? Pero ¿dónde lo vas a poner? NOTE: In formal language, s in embargo or no obstante may be preferred:
But, in spite of the likely benefits, he still opposed the idea Sin embargo or No obstante, a pesar de las probables ventajas, todavía se oponía a la idea
Correcting a previous negative
► When but or but rather introduces a noun phrase, prepositional phrase or verb in the infinitive which corrects a previous negative, translate but using sino:
Not wine, but vinegar No vino, sino vinagre
They aren't from Seville, but from Bilbao No son de Sevilla, sino de Bilbao
His trip to London was not to investigate the case but to hush it up Su viaje a Londres no fue para investigar el caso sino para taparlo ► When but or but rather introduces a verb clause (or requires a verb clause in Spanish) which corrects a previous negative, translate using sino que:
He's not asking you to do what he says but (rather) to listen to him No te pide que hagas lo que él dice, sino que le escuches
Not only... but also
► When the but also part of this construction contains ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino que también or sino que además:
It will not only cause tension, but it will also damage the economy No solo or No sólo or No solamente provocará tensiones, sino que además or sino que también dañará la economía ► When the but also part does not contain ((subject)) + ((verb)), translate using no solo or no sólo or no solamente... sino también or sino además:
Not only rich but also powerful No solo or No sólo or No solamente rico sino también or sino además poderoso
We don't only want to negotiate but also to take decisions No queremos solo or sóloor solamente negociar, sino también tomar decisiones For further uses and examples, see main entry* * *
I [bʌt], weak form [bət]1)a) ( however) peroshe was fired, but they were not — la despidieron a ella pero no a ellos
everybody, but everybody knows that — eso no hay nadie que no lo sepa
you're really bugging me but good! — (AmE colloq) qué manera de darme la lata! (fam)
b) ( used for introductory emphasis) perobut what made you say it? — ¿pero por qué lo dijiste?
surely he doesn't believe that? - oh, but he does! — no puede ser que se crea eso - pues sí que se lo cree
c)but then — (as linker) (however, still) pero; ( in that case) pero entonces
but then you never were very ambitious, were you? — pero la verdad es que tú nunca fuiste muy ambicioso ¿no?
I don't want to, but then again I do — no quiero, pero a la vez or al mismo tiempo sí quiero
2)not... but... — no... sino...
it appears that she's not Greek but Albanian — parece que no es griega, sino albanesa
not only did she hit him, but she also... — no sólo le pegó, sino que también...
II
a) ( except)everyone but me — todos menos or excepto or salvo yo
the next street but one — la próxima calle no: la siguiente
there's nothing we can do but wait — no podemos hacer otra cosa sino esperar, lo único que podemos hacer es esperar
b)but for: but for them, we'd have lost everything — de no haber sido or si no hubiera sido por ellos, habríamos perdido todo
III
adverb (frml)
IV [bʌt]noun pero mno buts: come here at once! — no hay pero que valga, ven aquí inmediatamente!
-
33 waste
weist 1. verb(to fail to use (something) fully or in the correct or most useful way: You're wasting my time with all these stupid questions.) kaste bort, sløse, ødelegge2. noun1) (material which is or has been made useless: industrial waste from the factories; ( also adjective) waste material.) avfall(sprodukt), skrap, søppel2) ((the) act of wasting: That was a waste of an opportunity.) sløsing, sløseri3) (a huge stretch of unused or infertile land, or of water, desert, ice etc: the Arctic wastes.) øde-/villmark•- wastage- wasteful
- wastefully
- wastefulness
- waste paper
- wastepaper basket
- waste pipe
- waste awayavfall--------sløsingIsubst. \/weɪst\/1) sløseri, sløsing, ødselhet2) avfall, skrot, søppel, rester3) feilgods, vrakgods4) ( typografi) makulatur5) spill, svinn, bortfall6) ( også waste pipe) avløpsrør7) ødemark, villmark, vidde8) ødeleggelse, herjing9) nedsliting, avsliping10) forfall, forringelse (jus)go to waste gå til spillewaste of sløsing med, (noe) bortkastet• what a waste of money!IIverb \/weɪst\/1) sløse med, la gå til spille, kaste bort, gå tapt2) gå til spille, sløses med, renne bort3) forsømme, forspille4) ( litterært) ødelegge, herje, plyndre5) tære på, fortæres, svekke, uttære6) ( gammeldags) forbruke (penger), fordrive (tid), tilbringe (tid)7) ( jus) la forfalle, vanskjøtte, forringe8) ( litterært) svinne9) ( slang) drepe11) tømmes, utømmes, krympe (sammen), tørke utbe wasted være bortkastet, være til ingen nyttegå tapt, gå til spille( slang) være dritings, være snydens fullwaste away tære bort, fortæres, svekkes, svinne henwasted by herjet av, svekket avwaste not, want not ( ordtak) den som sparer, den harwaste one's breath tale for døve ørerwaste words tale for døve ører prate uten stansIIIadj. \/weɪst\/1) øde, brakk, udyrket2) avfalls-, spill-lay waste herje, ødelegge, legge i ruinerlie waste ligge øde -
34 atrás
adv.1 behind, fro, back.2 back, back in time.3 ago.4 backward, backwards.intj.get back, jump back, back, back up.* * *► adverbio1 back2 (tiempo) ago1 stand back!, move back!\ir hacia atrás to go backwards* * *adv.1) back, behind2) ago•- atrás de- hacia atrás
- para atrás* * *1. ADV1) [posición]a) (=a la espalda) behindquedarse atrás — to fall behind, get left behind
b) (=al final) at the backla parte de atrás — the back, the rear
asientola rueda de atrás — the back o rear wheel
2) [dirección] backwardsir hacia o para atrás — to go back(wards)
échense atrás, por favor — move back please
marcha 5)lo has prometido y no puedes echarte atrás — you can't back out now, you promised
3) [en sentido temporal]mirar atrás, volver la vista atrás — to look back
4)= detrás 3)2.EXCL¡atrás! — back!, get back!
* * *1) ( en el espacio)a) ( expresando dirección) backmuévelo para or hacia atrás — move it back
b)c) (lugar, parte)tiene los bolsillos atrás — (esp AmL) the pockets are at the back
estar hasta atrás — (Méx fam) to be as high as a kite (colloq)
saberse algo de atrás para adelante — (CS fam) to know something backwards
2) ( en el tiempo)3)atrás de — (loc prep) (AmL) behind
atrás de mí/ti — behind me/you
* * *= in the back.Ex. The attackers shot the nun three times in the back before fleeing the scene.----* asiento de atrás = pillion seat.* caerse hacia atrás = fall backwards.* cuenta atrás = count down.* dar la cuenta atrás = count + Nombre + out.* dar macha atrás = backpedal [back-pedal].* dar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back up.* de atrás = rear.* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.* dejar atrás = leave + behind, outstrip, outpace, outdistance, leave + Nombre + behind, leave by + the wayside, move on from.* desplazarse hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track], draw back, move + backwards.* echar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back out, back up.* echarse atrás = draw back, draw back, chicken out (on/of), back out, get + cold feet, backpedal [back-pedal].* empujar hacia atrás = push back.* en el asiento de atrás = in the back seat.* en la parte de atrás = at the rear.* enumerar hacia atrás = list + backwards.* hacia adelante y hacia atrás = to and fro.* hacia atrás = backwards, backward(s).* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.* ir marcha atrás = back up.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* marcha atrás = about-face.* mirando hacia atrás = in retrospect.* mirar hacia atrás = look back.* mirar para atrás = look back.* moverse hacia atrás y hacia delante = move back and forth.* muy atrás = far behind.* no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.* parte de atrás = back, backside, rear.* pasajero de atrás = pillion passenger, pillion.* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.* pase hacia atrás = back pass.* paso atrás = backward step, retrograde step.* paso hacia atrás = retrograde step, step backward(s), step back.* pirueta hacia atrás = backflip.* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.* que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.* salto mortal hacia atrás = backflip.* ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.* tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth.* trabajar hacia atrás = work backward.* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.* viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.* voltereta hacia atrás = backflip.* volver atrás = turn + the clock back, go + backwards.* volver hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track].* volver la vista atrás = look back.* vuelta atrás = fall-back [fallback].* vuelta de campana hacia atrás = backflip.* * *1) ( en el espacio)a) ( expresando dirección) backmuévelo para or hacia atrás — move it back
b)c) (lugar, parte)tiene los bolsillos atrás — (esp AmL) the pockets are at the back
estar hasta atrás — (Méx fam) to be as high as a kite (colloq)
saberse algo de atrás para adelante — (CS fam) to know something backwards
2) ( en el tiempo)3)atrás de — (loc prep) (AmL) behind
atrás de mí/ti — behind me/you
* * *= in the back.Ex: The attackers shot the nun three times in the back before fleeing the scene.
* asiento de atrás = pillion seat.* caerse hacia atrás = fall backwards.* cuenta atrás = count down.* dar la cuenta atrás = count + Nombre + out.* dar macha atrás = backpedal [back-pedal].* dar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back up.* de atrás = rear.* de atrás para adelante = back and forth.* de delante hacia atrás = front to back, fore and aft.* dejar atrás = leave + behind, outstrip, outpace, outdistance, leave + Nombre + behind, leave by + the wayside, move on from.* desplazarse hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track], draw back, move + backwards.* echar marcha atrás = do + an about-face, back out, back up.* echarse atrás = draw back, draw back, chicken out (on/of), back out, get + cold feet, backpedal [back-pedal].* empujar hacia atrás = push back.* en el asiento de atrás = in the back seat.* en la parte de atrás = at the rear.* enumerar hacia atrás = list + backwards.* hacia adelante y hacia atrás = to and fro.* hacia atrás = backwards, backward(s).* ir hacia atrás = page + backward.* ir marcha atrás = back up.* la parte de atrás de = the back of.* marcha atrás = about-face.* mirando hacia atrás = in retrospect.* mirar hacia atrás = look back.* mirar para atrás = look back.* moverse hacia atrás y hacia delante = move back and forth.* muy atrás = far behind.* no volver la vista atrás = never + look back.* parte de atrás = back, backside, rear.* pasajero de atrás = pillion passenger, pillion.* pasar hojas hacia atrás = page + backward.* pase hacia atrás = back pass.* paso atrás = backward step, retrograde step.* paso hacia atrás = retrograde step, step backward(s), step back.* pirueta hacia atrás = backflip.* quedarse atrás = fall behind, hang back, trail, trail behind, be behind.* que se abrocha por atrás = back-buttoning.* salto mortal hacia atrás = backflip.* ser demasiado tarde para echar atrás = reach + the point of no return.* tambalearse hacia delante y hacia atrás = wobble back and forth.* trabajar hacia atrás = work backward.* venir de mucho tiempo atrás = go back + a long way.* viajar hacia atrás en el tiempo = travel back in + time.* voltereta hacia atrás = backflip.* volver atrás = turn + the clock back, go + backwards.* volver hacia atrás = backtrack [back-track].* volver la vista atrás = look back.* vuelta atrás = fall-back [fallback].* vuelta de campana hacia atrás = backflip.* * *1 (expresando dirección, movimiento) backmuévelo un poco para or hacia atrás move it back a littletuvo que volver atrás she had to go backda un paso atrás take one step back o backward(s)2¡atrás! ( como interj) get back!3(lugar, parte): está allí atrás it's back there¿nos sentamos más atrás? shall we sit further back o nearer the back?la parte de atrás the backiba sentado (en la parte de) atrás he was sitting in the rearme estaba quedando atrás I was getting left behinddejamos atrás la ciudad we left the city behind ustiene los bolsillos atrás ( esp AmL); the pockets are at the backB(en el tiempo): sucedió tres años atrás it happened three years agohabía sucedido tres años atrás it had happened three years earlier o beforeCatrás de mí/ti/él or ( crit) atrás mío/tuyo/suyo behind me/you/himatrás de la puerta behind the door* * *
atrás adverbio
1 ( en el espacio)
muévelo para or hacia atrás move it back;
b)◊ ¡atrás! ( como interj) get back!c) (lugar, parte):
me senté atrás ( en coche) I sat in the back;
(en clase, cine) I sat at the back;
me estaba quedando atrás I was getting left behind;
dejamos atrás la ciudad we left the city behind us;
estar hasta atrás (Méx fam) to be as high as a kite (colloq)
2 ( en el tiempo):
había sucedido tres años atrás it had happened three years earlier o before
3
atrás
I adverbio
1 (lugar) at the back, behind
echarse hacia/para atrás, to move backwards
mirar hacia/ para atrás, to look back
fig (arrepentirse) echarse atrás, to back out
quedarse atrás, to fall behind
2 (tiempo) previously, in the past, ago
dos meses atrás, two months ago
II exclamación ¡atrás!, get back!
' atrás' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
arrepentirse
- atrasarse
- coleta
- cuenta
- descolgar
- descolgarse
- echarse
- hacia
- marcha
- retroceder
- revés
- salto
- vista
- volver
- bien
- dar
- detrás
- echar
- fondo
- inclinar
- ir
- más
- meter
- mirar
- parte
- pasar
- paso
- quedar
- retroceso
English:
back
- back down
- back out
- back up
- backpedal
- backward
- backwards
- behind
- countdown
- drop behind
- fall behind
- foot
- further
- get back
- get behind
- lag behind
- lean back
- leave behind
- lineage
- look back
- move back
- outdistance
- outrun
- point
- rear
- remain behind
- reverse
- smooth back
- step back
- tilt
- tip
- tip back
- tip backward
- tip backwards
- bump
- count
- fall
- get
- go
- lag
- lean
- leave
- look
- out
- pull
- push
- retrospect
- shrink
- slope
- step
* * *♦ adv1. [movimiento] backwards;echarse para atrás to move backwards;dar un paso atrás to take a step backwards;hacia atrás backwards;Méx Famestar hasta atrás [borracho] to be plastered2. [en el tiempo] earlier;se habían casado tres años atrás they had married three years earlier;cinquenta años atrás pocos tenían televisores not many people had televisions fifty years agoel asiento de atrás the back seat;la parte de atrás the back;la falda es más larga por atrás the skirt is longer at the back;prefiero sentarme atrás I'd rather sit at the back;CSursaberse algo de atrás para adelante to know sth back to front♦ atrás de loc prepAm behind;me escondí atrás de un árbol I hid behind a tree;hace meses viene enfrentando un problema atrás de otro he's had one problem after another over the past few months♦ interjget back!* * *I advde opor atrás behind, in back of;quedarse atrás get left behind;dejar atrás leave behind;años atrás years ago o backhacia atrás back, backwards;echar atrás el asiento push one’s seat back;¡atrás! get back!;venir de atrás come from behind; fig go back a long way;mi amistad con Carlos viene de atrás fig Carlos and I go back a long way;venir por atrás come from behind;volverse oecharse atrás fig fam back outII prp:atrás de L.Am. behind* * *atrás adv1) detrás: back, behindse quedó atrás: he stayed behind2) antes: agomucho tiempo atrás: long ago3)para atrás orhacia atrás : backwards, toward the rear4)atrás de : in back of, behind* * *atrás1 adv1. (posición) back¿oyen bien los de atrás? can those at the back hear all right?2. (en el tiempo) agoatrás2 interj get back! -
35 yo
pron.I.yo me llamo Luis I'm called Luis* * *yo1 I■ yo en tu lugar... if I were you...■ yo que tú... if I were you...1 the ego, the self* * *pron.1) I2) me* * *1. PRON PERS1) [sujeto] I¡y yo que confiaba en ti! — and to think that I trusted you!
-¿quién es? -soy yo — "who is it?" - "it's me"
-¿quién lo dijo? -yo no — "who said that?" - "not me"
2) [en comparaciones, después de prep] mees más delgada que yo — she is slimmer than me o than I am
2.SM(Psic)el yo — the self, the ego
* * *Ipronombre personala) ( como sujeto) I¿quién quería verme? - yo no — who wanted to see me? - not me o it wasn't me
¿quién quiere más? - yo! — who wants some more? - me! o I do!
fui yo el que llamó — it was me o (frml) I who called
¿quién, yo? — who?, me?
estoy cansada - yo también — I'm tired - so am I o me too
¿y yo qué? — what about me?
yo que tú/él — if I were you/him
b) (en comparaciones, con ciertas preposiciones) mecome más que yo — he eats more than me o more than I do
IIes tan alto como yo — he's as tall as me o as tall as I am
* * *= I, I for one.Nota: Utilizado por énfasis.Ex. Under 'American Scholar' he found editions published beginning, I believe, in the 1880s.Ex. And I for one would urge that more time be given to try to fashion the best possible code since the greatest costs lie ahead of us.----* entre tú y yo = between you and me, between ourselves.* es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.* según yo = in my books.* yo mismo = myself.* yo también = same here, me too.* * *Ipronombre personala) ( como sujeto) I¿quién quería verme? - yo no — who wanted to see me? - not me o it wasn't me
¿quién quiere más? - yo! — who wants some more? - me! o I do!
fui yo el que llamó — it was me o (frml) I who called
¿quién, yo? — who?, me?
estoy cansada - yo también — I'm tired - so am I o me too
¿y yo qué? — what about me?
yo que tú/él — if I were you/him
b) (en comparaciones, con ciertas preposiciones) mecome más que yo — he eats more than me o more than I do
IIes tan alto como yo — he's as tall as me o as tall as I am
* * *= I, I for one.Nota: Utilizado por énfasis.Ex: Under 'American Scholar' he found editions published beginning, I believe, in the 1880s.
Ex: And I for one would urge that more time be given to try to fashion the best possible code since the greatest costs lie ahead of us.* entre tú y yo = between you and me, between ourselves.* es lo que yo pienso = my two cents' worth.* según yo = in my books.* yo mismo = myself.* yo también = same here, me too.* * *yo11 (como sujeto) I¿quién quería verme? — yo no who wanted to see me? — not me o it wasn't me¿quién quiere más helado? — ¡yo! who wants more ice cream? — me! o I do!¿quién es? — soy yo who is it? — it's mefui yo el que llamó it was me o ( frml) I who called¿y tú qué haces aquí? — ¿quién, yo? what are you doing here? — who, me?lo pinté yo misma I painted it myselfestoy cansada — yo también I'm tired — so am I o me too¿y yo qué? ¿no como? what about me? don't I get anything to eat?yo, Juan Gutiérrez, certifico que … ( frml); I, Juan Gutiérrez, hereby certify that …2 (en comparaciones, con ciertas preposiciones) mecome más que yo he eats more than me o more than I does tan alto como yo he's as tall as me o as tall as I amllegó después que yo she arrived after me o after I didse sentó entre Isabel y yo he sat between Isabel and melo preparamos entre Charo y yo Charo and I prepared it between ustodos excepto Juan y yo everyone except Juan and me o Juan and myselfCompuesto:masculine Confiteoryo2el yo the ego* * *
yo pron pers
¿quién quiere más? — ¡yo! who wants some more? — me! o I do!;
soy yo it's me;
¿quién, yo? who, me?;
yo misma myself;
estoy cansada — yo también I'm tired — so am I o me toob) (en comparaciones, con ciertas preposiciones) me;◊ come más que yo he eats more than me o more than I do;
llegó después que yo she arrived after me
yo pron pers I: ¿quién está ahí?, - soy yo, who is there?, - it's me
no hay nada entre Paco y yo, there's nothing between Paco and me
yo mismo, I myself
'yo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
advertir
- balde
- bastarse
- campante
- caso
- cierta
- cierto
- comida
- comido
- coña
- cotarro
- decir
- decirse
- distraerse
- doblarse
- doble
- encargarse
- encuadrar
- enterarse
- entre
- espalda
- estarse
- fregar
- frescura
- gasto
- gracia
- idea
- igual
- incluso
- inri
- intromisión
- limitarse
- mal
- misma
- mismo
- mu
- ninguna
- ninguno
- opinar
- palo
- pelearse
- poner
- que
- responder
- rozarse
- saber
- si
- sí
- también
- tampoco
English:
agree
- all
- also
- as
- averse
- bar
- behind
- best
- bet
- butt in
- care
- charge
- condition
- dead
- disapprove
- do
- either
- even
- far
- follow
- for
- fulfillment
- fulfilment
- get in
- grind
- handle
- head
- I
- if
- imagine
- it
- know
- knowledge
- likewise
- look up to
- lucky
- man
- me
- mention
- much
- myself
- need
- neither
- nor
- on
- one
- opposed
- outfox
- place
- propose
* * *yo♦ pron personal1. (sujeto) I;yo me llamo Luis I'm called Luis, my name is Luis;¿quién dijo eso? – yo who said that? – I did o me;¡eh, usted! – ¿quién? ¿yo? hey, you! – who, me?;algunos hacen deporte, yo no some of them do sports, but I don't o but not me;yo mismo lo preparé todo I got it ready (all by) myself;he aprobado – yo también I passed – me too o so did I2. (predicado)soy yo it's me;el invitado soy yo I'm the guest3. (complemento con preposición o conjunción) me;es más alta que yo she's taller than me o than I am;se fueron antes/después que yo they left before/after me, they left before/after I did;excepto/incluso yo except/including me♦ nmPsiel yo the ego* * *yopron I;soy yo it’s me;yo que tú if I were you* * *yo nm: ego, selfyo pron1) : I2) : metodos menos yo: everyone except metan bajo como yo: as short as me3)soy yo : it is I, it's me* * *yo pron1. (sujeto) I2. (complemento, en comparaciones) me -
36 Chronology
15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence ofBrazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister. -
37 indigenismo
m.Indianism.* * *1 (movimiento) indigenous movement2 (vocablo) native language borrowing* * *SM1) (=movimiento) indigenism, pro-Indian political movement; (=estudio) study of Indian societies and cultures2) (Ling) word/phrase borrowed from a native language* * *A (doctrina, estudio) indigenism* * *indigenismo nm1. [cultural] Indianism2. [político] indigenism3. [palabra, frase] indigenism, = word originating from an indigenous languageINDIGENISMODuring the colonial period, and even after independence, the indigenous peoples of Latin America were often regarded as inferior by the leaders of cultural thought among those of European or mixed-race descent. This generated a sense of guilt among many intellectuals when they confronted the issue of indigenous peoples in their society, and led to the growth of a movement in their favour. The political and cultural analyses of the Peruvian Marxist José Carlos Mariátegui (1895-1930) were one manifestation of this tendency. In Mexico, the pro-Indian policies of the government of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-40) redressed many injustices, but scandalized the traditional urban elite. In literature, “indigenista” writers took as their subject the lives, and more particularly the sufferings, of the Indian. Major works of this kind, such as the Ecuadoran Jorge Icaza's “Huasipungo” (1934) or “Los ríos profundos” (1958) by Peru's José María Arguedas have undoubted power, though latterly their sometimes crude realism has been contrasted unfavourably with “magic realist” treatments of Indian culture, such as “Hombres de Maíz” (1949) by Guatemala's Miguel Angel Asturias. -
38 transición
f.transition, passing.* * *1 transition\sin transición abruptly* * *noun f.* * *SF transition (a to) (de from)LA TRANSICIÓN The death of General Franco on 20 November 1975 ushered in a period of transition to democracy in Spain which was to end with the democratic transfer of power to the PSOE (Spanish Socialist Party) on 28 November 28 1982. On 22 November 1975 Juan Carlos I was proclaimed king. Though initially handicapped by a constitutional system devised by Franco, the King was able to appoint the aperturista Adolfo Suárez as Prime Minister in July 1976. Within three months Suárez rushed through a political reform bill introducing universal suffrage and a two-chamber parliament which was put to a referendum and endorsed by 94.2% of the electorate. Political parties were legalized and elections were held on 15 June 1977. Suárez and his party, the newly-formed UCD (Unión de Centro Democrático), won without gaining an overall majority. Through accords with the other parties - the Pactos de la Moncloa - they were able to manage the transitional process, which included the drafting and endorsement of the 1978 Constitution.la transición — Esp (Pol) the transition ( to democracy after Franco's death)
* * *femenino transition* * *= transition, bridge passage, changeover [change-over].Ex. Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that users may make the transition from a first access point to related terms or access points.Ex. This sort of informal discussion between teacher and pupils is really a ' bridge passage' leading smoothly from one occupation -science, or P.E. or maths, etc.- to literary reading.Ex. The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.----* en una época de transición = in a period of transition.* en un período de transición = in a period of transition.* hacer la transición = make + the transition.* transición política = political transition.* zona de transición = buffer zone.* * *femenino transition* * *= transition, bridge passage, changeover [change-over].Ex: Hierarchical relationships must be indicated in order that users may make the transition from a first access point to related terms or access points.
Ex: This sort of informal discussion between teacher and pupils is really a ' bridge passage' leading smoothly from one occupation -science, or P.E. or maths, etc.- to literary reading.Ex: The changeover has resulted in more rapid machine-editing of input and reduced costs for cataloguing.* en una época de transición = in a period of transition.* en un período de transición = in a period of transition.* hacer la transición = make + the transition.* transición política = political transition.* zona de transición = buffer zone.* * *la Transición (↑ transición a1)transitionpasar por un período de transición to go through a period of transition o a transitional periodtransición A algo transition TO sthla transición a la democracia the transition to democracy* * *
transición sustantivo femenino
transition;
transición de algo a algo transition from sth to sth
transición sustantivo femenino transition
una etapa de transición, a period of transition
' transición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
artífice
English:
transition
- transitional
* * *transición nftransition;un país en transición a country in transition;simplificar la transición a un nuevo sistema to simplify the transition to a new system;periodo de transición transition o transitional periodtransición democrática transition to democracy* * *f transition;de transición transitional* * *período de transición: transition period -
39 ejido
m.common land (history). (Mexican Spanish)* * *1 common land* * *SM common land* * *1) (Hist) common2) ( en Méx) ( sistema) system of communal or cooperative farming; ( sociedad) cooperative; ( terreno) land belonging to a cooperative* * *1) (Hist) common2) ( en Méx) ( sistema) system of communal or cooperative farming; ( sociedad) cooperative; ( terreno) land belonging to a cooperative* * *A ( Hist) common, area of common landB (en Méx)2 (sociedad) cooperative* * *
ejido sustantivo masculino ( en Méx) ( sistema) system of communal or cooperative farming;
( sociedad) cooperative;
( terreno) land belonging to a cooperative
* * *ejido nm1. Hist common landEJIDOAfter the Mexican Revolution, the 1917 Constitution brought in land reform measures which established ejidos (government-owned farms run by a collective of farmers). This was actually a tradition dating back to pre-Columbian culture. The original implementation of the reform was far from thorough, but the huge land reform programme carried out under the presidency of Lázaro Cárdenas (1934-40) meant that around half of the country's arable land fell within the ejido system, and Article 27 of the Constitution guaranteed that the land could not be sold. This remained the case until 1992, when the neoliberal policies of President Carlos Salinas de Gortari officially allowed ejido land to be sold.* * *m Méxtraditional communal farming unit* * *ejido nm1) : common land -
40 Cinema
Portuguese cinema had its debut in June 1896 at the Royal Coliseum, Lisbon, only six months after the pioneering French cinema-makers, the brothers Lumiere, introduced the earliest motion pictures to Paris audiences. Cinema pioneers in Portugal included photographer Manuel Maria da Costa Veiga and an early enthusiast, Aurelio da Paz dos Reis. The first movie theater opened in Lisbon in 1904, and most popular were early silent shorts, including documentaries and scenes of King Carlos I swimming at Cascais beach. Beginning with the Invicta Film company in 1912 and its efforts to produce films, Portuguese cinema-makers sought technical assistance in Paris. In 1918, French film technicians from Pathé Studios of Paris came to Portugal to produce cinema. The Portuguese writer of children's books, Virginia de Castro e Almeida, hired French film and legal personnel in the 1920s under the banner of "Fortuna Film" and produced several silent films based on her compositions.In the 1930s, Portuguese cinema underwent an important advance with the work of Portuguese director-producers, including AntônioLopes Ribeiro, Manoel de Oliveira, Leitao de Barros, and Artur Duarte. They were strongly influenced by contemporary French, German, and Russian cinema, and they recruited their cinema actors from the Portuguese Theater, especially from the popular Theater of Review ( teatro de revista) of Lisbon. They included comedy radio and review stars such as Vasco Santana, Antônio Silva, Maria Matos, and Ribeirinho. As the Estado Novo regime appreciated the important potential role of film as a mode of propaganda, greater government controls and regulation followed. The first Portuguese sound film, A Severa (1928), based on a Julio Dantas book, was directed by Leitão de Barros.The next period of Portuguese cinema, the 1930s, 1940s, and much of the 1950s, has been labeled, Comédia a portuguesa, or Portuguese Comedy, as it was dominated by comedic actors from Lisbon's Theatre of Review and by such classic comedies as 1933's A Cancáo de Lisboa and similar genre such as O Pai Tirano, O Pátio das Cantigas, and A Costa do Castelo. The Portuguese film industry was extremely small and financially constrained and, until after 1970, only several films were made each year. A new era followed, the so-called "New Cinema," or Novo Cinema (ca. 1963-74), when the dictatorship collapsed. Directors of this era, influenced by France's New Wave cinema movement, were led by Fernando Lopes, Paulo Rocha, and others.After the 1974-75 Revolution, filmmakers, encouraged by new political and social freedoms, explored new themes: realism, legend, politics, and ethnography and, in the 1980s, other themes, including docufiction. Even after political liberty arrived, leaders of the cinema industry confronted familiar challenges of filmmakers everywhere: finding funds for production and audiences to purchase tickets. As the new Portugal gained more prosperity, garnered more capital, and took advantage of membership in the burgeoning European Union, Portuguese cinema benefited. Some American producers, directors, and actors, such as John Malkovich, grew enamored of residence and work in Portugal. Malkovich starred in Manoel de Oliveira's film, O Convento (The Convent), shot in Portugal, and this film gained international acclaim, if not universal critical approval. While most films viewed in the country continued to be foreign imports, especially from France, the United States, and Great Britain, recent domestic film production is larger than ever before in Portugal's cinema history: in 2005, 13 Portuguese feature films were released. One of them was coproduced with Spain, Midsummer Dream, an animated feature. That year's most acclaimed film was O Crime de Padre Amaro, based on the Eça de Queirós' novel, a film that earned a record box office return. In 2006, some 22 feature films were released. With more films made in Portugal than ever before, Portugal's cinema had entered a new era.
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