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21 ἀπορέω
------------------------------------Aἀπορίομες X.HG1.1.23
: [tense] aor.ἠπόρησα Th.1.63
, etc.: [tense] pf. , etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. ἀπορηθήσομαι ([etym.] συν-) S.E.M.10.5, but [voice] Med. in pass. senseἀπορήσομαι Arist. MM 1200a11
: [tense] aor. ἠπορήθην, [tense] pf. ἠπόρημαι, both in act. and pass. sense (v. infr.):— to be ἄπορος, i. e. without means or resource: hence,1 to be at a loss, be in doubt, be puzzled, mostly folld. by relat. clause,ἀ. ὅκως διαβήσεται Hdt.1.75
;ὅτῳ τρόπῳ διασωθήσεται Th.3.109
;ὅ τι λέξω δ' ἀπορῶ S.OT 486
(lyr.); ἀ. ὅπῃ, ὁπόθεν, ὅποι, Th.1.107, 8.80, X. HG5.4.44;ὅτι χρὴ ποιεῖν Id.Cyr.4.5.38
;τίνα χρὴ τρόπον.. D.3.3
;ἀ. εἰ.. Pl.Prt. 326e
;πότερα.. X.Mem.1.4.6
; ἀ. ὁποτέραν τῶν ὁδῶν τράπηται ib.2.1.21; ἀ. μή.. fear lest.., Pl.Alc.2.142d: with acc.added, ἀ. τὴν ἔλασιν ὅκως διεκπερᾷ to be at a loss about his march, how to cross, Hdt.3.4: c. acc. only, ἀ. τὴν ἐξαγωγήν to be at a loss about it, Id.4.179, cf. Ar.Ec. 664, Pl.Prt. 348c, al.: also c. inf., to be at a loss how to do, Ar.V. 590, Pl.Plt. 262e, Lys.9.7:—alsoἀ. περί τινος Pl.Phd. 84c
, Grg. 462b, al.;ἀ. διὰ τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων ὅθεν ἄρξομαι And. 4.10
; : abs., Hdt.6.134; οὐκ ἀπορήσας without hesitation, Id.1.159; , etc.:— [voice] Med. used like [voice] Act., Hdt.2.121.γ; ὡς ἠπόρημαι.. τάδε E.IA 537
;ἠπορούμην ὅτι χρησαίμην Lys.3.10
, cf. Pl.Prt. 321c: so in [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.,πολλὰ.. ἀπορηθείς D.27.53
.2 in Dialectic, start a question, raise a difficulty,ἀπορία ἣν ἀπορεῖς Pl.Prt. 324d
;ἀ. περί τινος Arist.Ph. 194a15
, al.;τὰ αὐτὰ περί τινος Metaph. 1085a35
;ἀ. πότερον.. Pol. 1283b36
;ἀπορήσειε δ' ἄν τις τί.. EN 1096a34
, cf. 1145b21, Plb.1.64.1, al.:—[voice] Pass., τὸ ἀπορούμενον, τὸ ἀπορηθέν, the difficulty just started, the puzzle before us, Pl.Sph. 243b, Lg. 799c, cf. Hp.VM1;τὰ ἠπορημένα Arist.Pol. 1281a38
; ἀπορεῖται there is a question or difficulty,πότερον.. Id.EN 1c99
b9; μή.. ib. 1159a6.3 [voice] Pass., of things, to be left wanting, left unprovided for,τῶν δεομένων γίγνεσθαι οὐδὲν ἀπορεῖται X.Lac.13.7
, cf. Oec.8.10; to fail, turn out a failure, opp. εὐπορεῖσθαι, Hp.Art.47.II c. gen. rei, to be at a loss for, in want of,ἀπορεῖς δὲ τοῦ σύ; S.Ph. 898
; ; ; τροφῆς Thuc.8.81;ξυμμάχων X.Cyr.4.2.39
;τοσαύτης δαπάνης Id.Mem.1.3.5
; :—[voice] Med., Id.Lg. 925b.III ἀ. τινί to be at a loss by reason of, by means of something, X.An.1.3.8, Isoc.4.147.IV to be in want, be poor, opp. εὐπορέω, in [voice] Med.,ὅταν ἀπορῆταί τις Antiph.123
, but [voice] Act., Timocl.11, E.Fr.953.19; opp. πλουτέω, Pl. Smp. 203e:—[voice] Pass.,ἄνθρωπος ἠπορημένος Com.Adesp.249
.—Chiefly Prose and Com.; never in A., thrice in S., twice in E. -
22 ἐνστατικός
II opposing, checking, Plu.2.975a; ἐ. ταύτης τῆς ὁδοῦ hindering from this course, M.Ant.5.20. Adv. -κῶς, gloss on διασταδόν, Sch.Opp.H.1.502.III able to find objections, Arist.Top. 164b3, Cael. 294b11; controversial,ἐνέργεια Procl.in Prm.p.502S.
; addicted to controversy, Id.in Alc.p.23C.; οἱ ἐνστατικοί Grammarians who started difficulties in Homer, opp. λυτικοί or ἐπιλυτικοί, Eust.1166 fin.: -κόν, τό, Hermog.Inv.3.6. Adv. - κῶς ibid.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐνστατικός
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23 ἐξυπανίστημι
Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐξυπανίστημι
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24 ἐπιχέω
ἐπιχέω, [tense] fut. -χέω, [ per.] 2sg. : [tense] aor. 1 ἐπέχεα; [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. I ἐπέχευα, inf. ἐπιχεῦαι (v. infr.):—A pour over,χέρνιβα δ' ἀμφίπολος προχόῳ ἐπέχευε..νίψασθαι Od.1.136
, etc.; in full,χερσὶν ὕδωρ ἐπιχεῦαι Il.24.303
;χερσὶ δ' ἐφ' ὕδωρ χευάντων Od.4.213
, etc.; alsoοἴνῳ ἐπιχεῖν ὕδωρ X.Oec.17.9
.2 metaph.,τοῖσι δ' ἐφ' ὕπνον ἔχευε Il. 24.445
; ;ἀνέμων ἐπ' ἀϋτμένα χεῦε Od. 3.289
; θρῆνον pour a lament over one, Pi.I.8(7).64 (tm.);ὀδμήν A.R. 2.191
(tm.); βλασφημιῶν ἐ. (gen. partit.) Luc.JTr.35.3 of solids, heap up,θανόντι χυτὴν ἐπὶ γαῖαν ἔχευαν Od.3.258
, cf. Il.23.256 ;ἐπὶ σῆμ' ἔχεεν 6.419
:—[voice] Med.,ὕπερθ' ἐπὶ σῆμα χέεσθαι A.R.3.205
.II pour in,ἀπαντλοῦντα καὶ ἐ. Pl.R. 407d
;ἓν ἀγαθὸν ἐπιχέασα, τρί' ἐπαντλεῖ κακά Diph.107
codd. Stob.; fill a cup,Ναννοῦς καὶ Λύδης ἐπίχει δύο AP12.168
(Posidipp.).B [voice] Med., pour or throw over oneself,χύσιν δ' ἐπεχεύατο φύλλων Od.5.487
; ap. Orib.10.8.4 ; ἐπεχεύατο πήχεε παιδί she threw her arms round the boy, A.R. 1.268 ; but for himself,Od.
5.257.2 pour itself over, Q.S.14.604.II have poured out for one to drink, ἐ. ἄκρατόν τινος drink it to any one's health or honour, esp. of lovers' toasts, Theoc.14.18, cf. Antiph.81.2 codd.Ath.; ἔρωτος ἀκράτω (gen. partit.)ἐπεχεῖτο Theoc.2.152
; also simplyἐπιχεῖσθαί τινος Phylarch.31J.
C [voice] Pass., to be poured over,ἰλύος ἐπιχυθείσης X.Oec.17.12
: metaph.,τοῖς Ἑλληνικοῖς ὀνόμασι τῶν Ἰταλικῶν ἐπικεχυμένων Plu.Rom. 15
.2 metaph., of a crowd, stream on or in pursuit, ἐπέχυντο ([dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. 2 [voice] Pass.) Il.15.654 ;ἀνὰ νῆας 16.295
; so, come like a stream over,τοῖσι ἐναντίοισι ἐπιχυθέντας..μῦς ἀρουραίους Hdt.2.141
;τοσούτων μοι πραγμάτων ἐπικεχυμένων Theopomp.Hist.217c
.3 to be poured in as an addition, τοῦ νῦν ἐπικεχυμένου λόγου, of the discussion, that has now been started, Pl.Plt. 302c ;ὁ νυνδὴ λόγος ἡμῖν ἐπιχυθείς Id.Lg. 793b
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25 ἐρωέω
A rush, rush forth,αἷμα κελαινὸν ἐρωήσει περὶ δουρί Il.1.303
, Od.16.441 ; ἠρώησαν ὀπίσσω, of horses, they started back, Il.23.433 ; escape harm, Nic.Th. 117.2 c. gen. rei, draw back or rest from,ἐρωῆσαι πολέμοιο Il.13.776
, cf. 17.422 ;ἐρωήσουσι δὲ χάρμης 14.101
;ἐρώησαν καμάτοιο h.Cer. 301
; οῐνου Epic. in Arch.Pap. 7.4 ; [νεφέλη] οὔ ποτ' ἐρωεῖ (sc. σκοπέλου ) the cloud never fails from it, never leaves it, Od.12.75 ; ἴθι νῦν κατὰ λαὸν Ἀχαιῶν, μήδ' ἔτ' ἐρώει (sc. τοῦ ἰέναι) Il.2.179 : c. acc., leave, quit, Theoc.13.74, 24.101.II trans., drive or force back, once in Hom., ;χεῖρας ὑσμίνης Theoc.22.174
; ;θηρὸς ὀλοὸν κέρας Id.Fr. 249
; δρόμον ἐλεφάντων cj. in Nonn. D.36.188 : c. acc. et inf.,Ἀχαιοὺς ἐ. κορέσασθαι Q.S.3.520
.—Dub. in late Prose, Ant.Lib.7.3. -ή, ἡ, [dialect] Ep. Noun (Hom. only in Il.), quick motion, rush, force,ἀνδρὸς ἐ. Il.3.62
, cf. 14.488 ; mostly of things,δουρὸς ἐ. 15.358
;βελέων ἐ. 4.542
; λείπετο δουρὸς ἐ. a spear's throw behind, 23.529, cf. 21.251 ; λικμητῆρος ἐ. the force or swing of the winnower's (shovel), 13.590 ;ἐκτὸς ἐρωῆς πετράων A.R.4.1657
;πυρός AP9.490
(Heliod.).2 impulse, desire, περὶ Κύπριν ἐ. ib.10.112, cf. Procl.H.3.10 ;γαστρὸς ἐ. Opp.C.3.175
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26 ὁρμάω
A : [tense] aor.ὥρμησα Il.6.338
, Pl. Ion 534c; [dialect] Lacon. imper. ὅρμᾱον, i.e. ὅρμαὁν, = ὅρμησον, Ar.Lys. 1247: [tense] pf. :—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., Pi.N.1.5, A.Pr. 339, Hdt.1.17, etc.: [dialect] Ep. [tense] impf.ὡρμᾶτο Il.3.142
: [tense] fut.ὁρμήσομαι Hdt.5.34
, X.Cyr.7.1.9,ὁρμηθήσομαι Gal.5.85
: [tense] aor.ὡρμησάμην Il.21.595
, v.l. in Hes.Sc. 127 ([etym.] ἐφ-), never in Prose, exc.ἐξ- X.HG6.5.20
codd.: more freq. in pass. formὡρμήθην Il.5.12
, al., Th.3.98, etc.: [tense] pf.ὥρμημαι S.El.70
, E. El. 340, Th.6.33, etc.: [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. ὁρμέαται and - έατο (with vv. ll. ὡρμ-) Hdt.5.121, 8.35 ; in Hom. codd. usu. have the augm., but Aristarch. read ὁρμήθησαν in Il.10.359: ([etym.] ὁρμή):A [voice] Act.,I causal, set in motion, urge on, cheer on,τινὰ εἰς πόλεμον Il.6.338
, Th.1.127 ;τινὰ ποτὶ κλέος Pi.O.10(11).21
;τὸ στράτευμα ὁ. ἐπὶ τὰς Ἀθήνας Hdt.8.106
, cf. S.Aj. 174 (lyr.), E.Or. 352 (anap.); , cf. Ion 534c ;[τὰ] ὁρμῶντα [σώματα] Hp.Epid.6.8.7
; (lyr.); ὁ. τινὰ ἐκ χερός tear from one's arms, Id.Hec. 143 (anap.):—[voice] Pass., ὁρμηθεὶς θεοῦ ἄρχετο inspired by the god he began, Od.8.499 ;πρὸς θεῶν ὡρμημένος S.El.70
;ὑπὸ ἔρωτος Pl.Smp. 181d
; ἵπποι.. ὁρμηθέντες ὑπὸ πληγῇσιν ἱμάσθλης urged on by.., Od.13.82.2 with a thing as the object, stir up,πόλεμον 18.376
: c. acc. et inf.,τὰς διόδους τῶν πτερῶν.. ὥρμησε πτεροφυεῖν Pl.Phdr. 255d
:—[voice] Pass., was sped,S.
El. 196 (lyr.).II more freq. intr., start,1 c. inf., ἴρηξ ὃς ὁρμήσῃ διώκειν ὄρνεον ἄλλο starts in chase of.., Il.13.64; ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε πυλάων.. ἀντίον ἀΐξασθαι whenever he started to rush for the gates, 22.194 ;ὁσσάκι δ' ὁρμήσειε.. στῆναι ἐναντίβιον 21.265
; ἐξελαύνειν ὁρμῆσαι τὸν στρατόν began to lead out.., Hdt.1.76, cf.7.150 ; eager to..,S.
Ant. 133 (lyr.); .2 c. gen., rush headlong at one,Τρώων Il.4.335
: more freq. with Preps.,ὁ. ἐπί τινα Hes.Sc. 403
, Hdt. 1.1, etc.;πύργωμα Καδμείων ἔπι E.Supp. 1220
;εἴς τινας X.Cyr.7.1.17
;καθ' αὑτούς Id.An.5.7.25
; also ὁ. ἐς μάχην hasten to battle, A.Pers. 394 ; (lyr.) ;εἰς τὸ διώκειν X.An.1.8.25
;ἐπὶ ἁρπαγάς Pl.R. 391d
;ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀθηναίους Th.7.34
; ὥρμασε ([dialect] Dor.) (Chersonesus, ii B. C.): without any sense of hostility, rush, (lyr.);ἐς πατρὸς δόμους Id.Med. 1178
; set out,ἀπὸ [τῆς Οἰνόης] Th.2.19
;ἐς φυγήν Hdt.7.179
, etc.;εἰς τὸ ἐπ' ἐκεῖνα τῆς γῆς Pl.Phd. 112b
;ἐπ' ἄλλον λόγον Antipho 3.4.5
;ἐπὶ τὸ σκοπεῖν X.Mem.3.7.9
; ἐπὶ τραγῳδίαν ὥρμηκε has turned to tragedy, Alex.135.14 ; δηλώσεις.. τὴν φύσιν ἐπὶ τί μάλισθ' ὥρμηκε, i. e. what your natural bent is, ib.8 ;φυσικῶς ἐπὶ τὴν ὀργὴν ὁρμᾶν Phld.Ir.93
W.;πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Id.Mus.p.71
K.;ἐπὶ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Acad.Ind.p.64
M. ;πρὸς τὰς ὀχείας Arist.HA 546a15
: c. acc. cogn.,ὁδόν X.An.3.1.8
;στρατείαν Id.Cyr.8.6.20
.3 abs., start, begin,ὥσπερ ὡρμήσαμεν, ἴωμεν Pl.Prt. 314b
, cf. R. 425c; αἱ μάλιστα ὁρμήσασαι [νῆες] the ships that were hottest in pursuit, Th.8.34.B [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., like the intr. [voice] Act., A. II:1 c. inf., μὴ φεύγειν ὁρμήσωνται that they put not themselves in motion, set not themselves to flee, Il.8.511 ; soδιώκειν ὁρμήθησαν 10.359
, cf. Od.4.282 ; ὡρμήθη κόρυθα κρατὸς ἀφαρπάξαι he rushed to snatch.., Il.13.188, cf. 182 ; ἦτορ ὡρμᾶτο πτολεμίζειν ἠδὲ μάχεσθαι was eager to.., 21.572 ; μᾶλλον ὅρμητο στρατεύεσθαι was eager to march, Hdt.7.1, cf. 19, al., Th.3.45 ; ὅδε ὁ λόγος ὅρμηται λέγεσθαι this account has begun to be given, Hdt.4.16, cf. 6.86.δ' ( λέγεσθαι is restored for λέγεται in 3.56); but λόγον, τὸν ὅρμητο λέγειν which he purposed to make, Id.5.50.2 the object for or after which one goes is sts. in gen., Il.14.488, 21.595 : a case with a Prep.,ὡρμήθησαν ἐπ' ἀνδράσιν Od.10.214
;ἐπί τινα S.Aj.47
, etc.;εἴς τινα X.Cyr.7.1.9
; μετά τινα after one, Il.17.605 ; soὁ. ἐπὶ τὸ ἱρόν Hdt.8.35
;ἐς πύλας A.Th.31
;πρὸς δόμους E.Hipp. 1152
;ἐπ' ἀλήθειαν Pl.Sph. 228c
;ἐς φυγήν Th.4.14
;πρὸς τίσιν S.OC 1328
;πρὸς τὸ κρατεῖν Pl.R. 581a
;[ἡ ποίησις] πρὸς ἡδονὴν ὥρμηται Id.Grg. 502c
; οἱ περὶ λόγον ἢ παιδείαν ὁρμώμενοι persons keen about.., Vett.Val.199.5 : rarely c. acc. loci,νερτέρας πλάκας S.OC 1576
(lyr.).b the starting-point is expressed byἐκ, ὡρμᾶτ' ἐκ θαλάμοιο Il.3.142
, cf. 9.178, etc. ; or ἀπό, S.Tr. 156, Pl. Phd. 101d, etc.;ἀπὸ φιλοσοφίας Phld.Rh.1.357
S.; or by a form in-θεν, σέθεν.. ὕμνος ὁρμᾶται θέμεν αἶνον Pi.N.1.5
: in historical Prose, ὁρμᾶσθαι ἐκ.. start from, begin from, esp. of the place where one carries on any regular operations, ἐνθεῦτεν ὁρμώμενοι living there and going out from thence to do their daily work, Hdt.1.17 ; of fishers,ἐκ πλοίων ὁρμώμενοι Id.3.98
; of a general, making that place his head-quarters or base of operations, Id.8.133, cf. 5.125, al., Th.1.64, 2.69, al.; ἀπ' ἐλασσόνων ὁρμώμενος setting out, beginning with smaller means, ib.65, cf. 1.144 ; of rivers,ἐκ τῆς Ἴδης ὁ.
rising..,Pl.
Lg. 682b.3 abs., rush, dart, attack, Il.5.12, Od.12.126, al., S.OC 1068 (lyr.); also with ἔγχεϊ, ξιφέεσσι, etc., added, Il. 5.855, 17.530, 13.496, al.b generally, hasten, be eager, , cf. 395 ;ἀλλ' ἥδε.. ὁρμᾶται
comes forth,Id.
Pers. 151 (anap.);τὸ φέγγος ὁρμάσθω πυρός Id.Eu. 1029
; ὕβρις ἀτάρβητα ὁρμᾶται insolence goes fearless forth, S.Aj. 197 (lyr.). -
27 ὕσπληξ
ὕσπληξ, ηγος, ἡ (Phryn.54, etc., but ὁ CIG2824.14 ([place name] Aphrodisias), Eust.598.23), IG12.313.116, 314.129, Inscr.Perg.10.3 (iii B. C.), Pl. Phdr. 254e, Eust. l. c., etc.: rarely [full] ὕσπληγξ, ηγγος, ἡ (ὁ Hero Aut. 24.4), D.P.121, Dionys.Av.3.18; [dialect] Dor. [full] ὕσπλαγξ Theoc.8.58; gen.Aὕσπλᾱκος IG42(1).98.2
(Epid., iii B. C.): dat. pl.ὕσπληξιν Plu.2.588f
, [dialect] Ep.ὑσπλήγεσσι AP6.259
(Phil.): [dialect] Dor. [full] ὑσπλᾱγίς (q.v.):— snare or gin of a bird-catcher, Theoc. l.c.; wolf-trap, Hsch.; also the part of a springe or noose trap which slips down when touched, Dionys.Av.l.c., cf. 3.13; = ῥόπτρον, Hsch.; = πάσσαλος, κρίκος κεράτινος, Id., Sch.Pl.Phdr. 254e.2 a twisted strand, the untwisting of which releases motive power in an automaton (cf.στρέβλη 1.2
), Hero Aut.2.8 (also, a piece of wood made to rise or fall by this or similar means, ib.6, cf. 24.4);ψυχὴ ἀνθρώπου μυρίαις ὁρμαῖς οἷον ὕσπληξιν ἐντεταμένη Plu.2.588f
; [τὸ θερμὸν] ἀθροῖσαν ἑαυτὸ καὶ οἷον συνεσπειραμένον γεγονός,.. σφοδρᾷ τῇ φορᾷ χρώμενον καὶ οἷον ἀπὸ ὕσπληγος ἐξαλλόμενον Gal.7.623
; ὥσπερ ἀπὸ ὕ. ἀναπεσών throwing himself back as from a ὕ., i. e. violently, Pl.Phdr. 254e; ὥσπερ ἀπὸ ὕ. θέοντες, i.e. running at top speed, Luc.Cat.4.3 a contrivance (of uncertain nature, but prob. on the principle ofὕ. 1
or 2; = Lat. transenna, Gloss.) for starting a race, starting-machine ( κυρίως τὸ μηχάνημα τὸ ἀποκροῦον τὸν κανόνα τοῦ δρομέως Sch.D.P.121; cf. ), ὕσπληγος ἀγκῶνας τρεῖς παραστάδας ὑσπλήγων τέτταρας καὶ κίονας δύο, σύριγγας τῶν ὑ. δύο, in a list of wooden objects, Inscr.Délos 1400.9 (ii B. C.), cf. 1409 Ba ii43 (ii B. C.); ὕσπληγα λαμπαδίειον (for the torch-race) IG11(2).203B96 (Delos, iii B. C.); ἀφέσεις τὰς ἀπὸ τῶν ὑσπλήγων τοῦ Παναθηναϊκοῦ σταδίου ib.22.1035.50 (i B. C.);ἔπεσεν ἡ ὕ. Luc.Tim.20
;τῆς ὕ. εὐθὺς καταπεσούσης Id.Cal.12
; (v.l. ὑφ' ὕσπληγος);διήκει πρὸ αὐτῶν καλῴδιον ἀντὶ ὕσπληγος Paus.6.20.11
; χαλῶσιν αἱ ὕ. ib.13; ἀθρόα δ' ὕσπληξ πάντα (sc. τὰ ἅρματα) διὰ στρεπτοῦ τείνα [τ' ἔ]χουσα κάλω· [ἦ] μέγ' ἐπαχήσασα θοὰς ἐξήλασε πώλους Inscr.Perg. l.c.; ψόφος ἦν ὕσπληγος ἐν οὔασιν, i.e. the race had just started, AP11.86, cf. Plu.2.804e;ἔσχαστο ἡ ὕ. Hld.4.3
;ψαλιδωτὰς ἱππαφέσεις διὰ μιᾶς ὕ. ἅμα πάσας ἀνοιγομένας D.H.3.68
: metaph., κἀπὸ γῆς ἐσχάζοσαν ὕσπληγας were loosing the starting-machine from land, i. e. were starting out from land, Lyc.22.4 = καμπτήρ 11, metaph., D.P.121, cf. Eust. ad loc.; ὕσπληγας ὑποφήνας τῶν κατὰ φιλοσοφίαν λόγων setting limits to.., dub. in metrod.Herc.831.11.6 = μύωψ 11.2 or μάστιξ, Herm. in Phdr.p.170A., Hsch., Suid.; = ὑστριχίς 1, Eust.ad D.P.121 (deriving it from ὗς and πλήσσω). -
28 βαίνω
βαίνω, fut. βήσομαι, aor. 1 ἔβησα, aor. 2 ἔβην or βῆν, βῆ, du. ἐβήτην, βήτην, βάτην, pl. ἔβησαν, βῆσαν, ἔβαν, βάν, subj. βῶ, βείω, βήῃς, βήῃ, inf. βήμεναι, perf. βέβηκα, 3 pl. βεβάᾶσι, inf. βεβάμεν, part. βεβαώς, -ῶτα, fem. βεβῶσα, plup. 3 sing. βεβήκειν, 3 pl. βέβασαν, mid. aor. (ἐ) βήσετο: walk, step, go, perf., tread, stand (have a footing); strictly of moving the legs apart, hence to denote the attitude of standing over to protect one, ἀμφὶ δ' ἄῤ αὐτῷ βαῖνε λέων ὥς, Il. 5.299; hence, too, the phrase βῆ δ' ἰέναι, βῆ δὲ θέειν, ‘started for to go,’ a graphic periphrasis for ᾔει, etc.; often in the sense of departing, ἣ δ' Οὔλυμπόνδε βηβήκει, ‘was gone,’ Il. 1.221 ; ἐννέα βεβάᾶσιν ἐνιαυτοί, ‘have passed,’ Il. 2.134 ; πῇ δὴ συνθεσίαι τε καὶ ὅρκια βήσεται ἥμιν, ‘what is to become of?’ Il. 2.339; so, ἔβαν φέρουσαι, βῆ φεύγων, etc.; βήσετο δίφρον, ‘mounted,’ apparently trans., really w. acc. of limit of motion, Il. 3.262; causative, aor. 1 act., φῶτας ἐείκοσι βῆσεν ἀφ' ἵππων, made to go, ‘brought’ down from their cars, Il. 16.180 ; βῆσαι ἵππους ἐπὶ Βουπρασίου, ‘bring’ horses to B., Il. 11.756.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > βαίνω
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29 δίω
δίω, ipf. δίε, δίον, mid. subj. δίηται, δίωνται, opt. δίοιτο: act., intrans., flee, Il. 22.251; fear, be afraid; mid., causative, scare or drive away; of the hound, οὔ τι φύγεσκε κνώδαλον ὅττι δίοιτο, that he ‘started,’ ‘chased,’ Od. 17.317; ἐπεί κ' ἀπὸ ναῦφι μάχην ἐνοπήν τε δίηται, ‘repel,’ Il. 16.246.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > δίω
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30 ἐξυπανίστημι
ἐξ - υπ - αν - ίστημι: only aor. 2 intrans., σμῶδιξ μεταφρένου, started up from (on) his back under the blows of the staff, Il. 2.267†.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ἐξυπανίστημι
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31 ὑπερωέω
ὑπ - ερωέω: only aor., ὑπερώησαν, started back. (Il.)A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > ὑπερωέω
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32 βερβέριον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `kind of headdress' (Anacr. 21, 3; LSJSup.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Older suggestions which started from a meaning `shabby garment' must now be abandoned.Page in Frisk: 1,233Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βερβέριον
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33 δάκρυ
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: παρά- δακρυ plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); many bahuvrihi's in - δακρυς.Derivatives: Demin. δακρύδιον as plant name (Ps.-Dsc.); - δακρυ-όεις `rich in tears' (Il.) on which Risch, Museum Helv. 3 (1946) 255; δακρυώδης `with tears' (of wounds, Hp.); denomin. δακρύω `weep (over)' (Il.) with δάκρῡμα `wept over' (Orac. ap. Hdt. 7, 169), `tear' (A.); hell. *δάκρῠμα to Lat. dacrŭma, lacrĭma, s. Leumann Sprache 1, 206.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [179] *drḱ-h₂ḱru `eye-bitter' \> `tear'Etymology: Old word for `tear'. Arm. artasu-k` pl. (\< *draḱu-, s. below), sg. artawsr (\< *draḱu-r); Germ., e. g. OHG zahar, Goth. tagr (with grammat. change); Celt., e. g. OBret. dacr, OIr. dēr, \< *daḱr(o)-. - Beside it OHG trahan, \< PGm. * trahnu-, \< *draḱnu-. One started from *draḱru- with dissimilation. - The eastern languages have no initial consonants: Skt. áśru-, Av. asrū-, Balt., e. g. Lith. ašarà, Toch. A ākär. "Eine befriedigende Erklärung ist noch nicht gefunden; vielleicht liegt alte Kreuzung mit einem anderen Wort vor." (Frisk) - Kortlandt assumes a compound from *dr̥ḱ-h₂ḱru `eye-bitter', the first element from *derḱ- `to see', the second element being `bitter'. Cf. Pinault FS Beekes 1997, 291-233. - Note Hitt. išḫaḫru- n. `tears'. Kortlandt supposes *skʷ-h₂ḱru (from * sekʷ- `see'). - See W.-Hofmann s. lacrima; further Sapir Lang. 15, 180ff..Page in Frisk: 1,344Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάκρυ
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34 δοῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slave, servant', also as adj. with the comp. δουλότερος (Hdt.); δούλη f. `slave-woman, maid' (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.Other forms: δῶλος Cret.;Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.Derivatives: δουλίς f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with δουλίδιον (H.), δουλάριον (Ar.). - δουλοσύνη `servanthood' (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with δουλόσυνος (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - δούλιος, - ειος `slavish, of a servant' (Hom.), δούλεος `id.' (A. R.), δουλικός `id.' (Att. etc.), δουλικά ( σώματα) n. pl. `slaves' (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. δουλεύω `be slave, serve' (Ion.-Att.) with δουλεία, ion. - ηΐη `servanthood', δούλευμα `id.' (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), δουλεύτρια `female servant' (Eust.); δουλόομαι, - όω `be made servant' (Ion.-Att.) with δούλωσις (Th.) and δουλωτικός (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms point to *δόελος, prob. from *δοhελος. One adduces: δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία, η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν H. (unclear δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in δοῦμος (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from *dm̥-sel-o- \> * doh-elo-, with sel- the root of ἑλεῖν. But `home-taken' does not give the right meaning (while Fr. domestique is perfect), and for o \< *m̥ in Attica etc. he gives only ὄπατρος as example.Page in Frisk: 1,412Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δοῦλος
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35 ἐλλύτας
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: name of something baked, kind of cake, `Kringel, Brezel' (Thera)Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Connected with εἰλύω (s. v.), either from the verbal stem (Ϝ)ελυ- or from the present-stem Ϝελνυ- or the perfect stem ϜεϜλῡ-. Other attempts to accomodate the different forms by Solmsen Unt. 240. Also Bechtel Dial. 1, 304. The connection with εἰλύω may well be wrong; the interchange λ\/λλ rather points to a Pre-Greek word; so the word will have started with *ely-Page in Frisk: 1,500-501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλλύτας
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36 ἴωψ
ἴωψ, - ωποςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: name of a small fish (Nic., Call. in Ath., Ael., Hdn. Gr. 1, 247).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Thompson Fishes s. v. No doubt a local word (small useless fishes, cf. α..., ἰκταρ 3, i.e. a Pre-Greek word. I think therefore, that is started with wy-, on which see ἰύζω. It will have had - ap-, which became - op- before the labial (and long vowel, as the - normal - o was longer than the i indicating palatalization?).Page in Frisk: 1,749Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἴωψ
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37 κλᾰω
κλᾰ́ωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `break, break off'Other forms: ( ἐνι-κλᾶν, κατ-έκλων) Il., aor. κλάσ(σ)αι, pass. κλασθῆναι (Il.), athem. ptc. ἀπο-κλά̄ς (Anacr. 17; cf. below), fut. κλάσω, perf. pass. κέκλασμαι (IA.),Derivatives: κλάσις `breaking' (IA.), κλάσμα `broken piece' (Att.) with κλασμάτιον (Delos IIIa), ἀνα-κλασμός `bending back' (Heliod.), κλάστης ἀμπελουργός H., also ὀστο-κλάστης (Kyran.) a. o., κλαστήριον `knife for clipping the vine' (Delos IIa u. a.); sec. κλαστάζω `clip the vine', metaph. `chastize' (Ar. Eq. 166); on the formation Schwyzer 706. - On κλών, κλωνός m. `sprout' (Att.) with the diminutives κλωνίον, - ίδιον, - άριον, - ίσκος (Thphr., hell. inschr., Gp.), further κλωνίτης `with sprouts' (Hdn.), κλῶναξ = `κλάδος' (H.), κλωνίζω `clip' (Suid.) see on κλάδος; not from *κλα-ών (Schwyzer 521; s. also 487 n. 3). On κλῶμαξ, ἀπόκλωμα below. - With diff. ablaut κλῆμα `twig (of the vine), tendril of the vine', κλῆρος ( κλᾶρος) `lot', κλῶμαξ `heap of stones' (s. vv.), ἀπόκλωμα. ἀπολογία ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον H. - Quite doubtful Κλαζομεναί PlN (Anatolia), acc. to Fraenkel KZ 42, 256; 43, 216 "where the waves break" (free imagination).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The uniform verbale system, is based on κλᾰ(σ)-; it may be the result of simplification. Whether this started from a presens or an aorist cannot be decided because there are no non-Greek cognates; cf. the presentation in Schwyzer 676 a. 752 and in Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 354 (who considers the present κλάω as secondary against κλάσαι). In the isolated ἀπο-κλά̄ς an old athematic form (present or aorist? Schwyzer 676 a. 742) could have been preserved; but an analogical innovation (as after φθᾰ́σαι: φθάς?) cannot be excluded however. For the old passive κλασθῆναι one might think of κλαδ- (Schwyzer 761), but extension of an aorist-stems κλασ- combined with analogy is also possible (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404f.). An old s-present *κλά[σ]-ω from IE. *kl̥-s-ō (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 342, Schwyzer 706) has no support. - The primary verbs of the other languages are completely deviant: Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer' = OCS koljǫ, klati, Russ. kolótь `sting, split, hew' (full grade IE. * kolH-; on the meaning WP. 1, 438 and Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); Lith. kuliù, kùlti (zero grade, IE. kl̥H-); Lat. per-cellō `smash' (basis uncertain). Further forms Pok. 545ff., W.-Hofmann s. clādēs. S. also κλαδαρός, κλάδος, κόλος etc. So no IE etym. It cannot comes from IE *klas- as this form cannot be made from IE. So prob. the word is of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 1,866-867Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλᾰω
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38 κτίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `found, lay out, build, create' (Emp.).Other forms: aor. κτίσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. κτισθῆναι (IA.), fut. κτίσω (A.), perf. midd. ἔκτισμαι (Hdt.), act. ἔκτικα (hell.; on the reduplication Schwyzer 649).Derivatives: κτίσις f. `foundation, creation' (Pi., IA.; cf. below), κτιστύς f. `foundation' (Hdt. 9, 97; on the meaning Benveniste Noms d'agent 72), κτίσμα `foundation, colony, building' (hell.), κτισμός `foundation' (Asia Minor., Empire); - κτίστωρ `founder' (Pi., E.), κτιστήρ `id.' (Corinth, IVa), f. κτίστρια (Asia Minor, Empire), κτίστης `founder, builder' (Arist.) with κτίστιον (- εῖον) `temple of a founder' (pap. IVp), older συγκτίστης `co-founder' (Hdt. 5, 46) ; κτιστός `laid out, founded' (h. Ap. 299, pap.; Zumbach Neuerungen 26); n. κτιστόν `building' (pap.). - Further several formations, with the intransitive meaning `live, abide' and thus outside the system: ἐυ κτίμενος `where you can live well' (Hom.); περι-κτί-ονες pl. `those living around, neighbours' (Il.), ἀμφι-κτί-ονες `id.' (Pi.), also as PN (Att. inscr. Va), besides - κτύονες (Hdt., inscr. IVa) with unclear υ (cf. Hoffmann Dial. 3, 290); περι-κτί-ται pl. `id.' (λ 288), after it as simplex κτί-ται `id.' (E. Or. 1621), κτίτης = κτίστης (Delph. IIa); ἐΰ-κτι-τος = ἐυ κτίμενος (Β 592), ὀρεί-κτι-τος `living in the mountains' (Pi.); but e.g. θεό-κτι-τος `founded by the gods' (Sol.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 44; there (and 1, 179 f.) also on κτίστωρ. - On itself stands with diff. ablaut Rhod. κτοίνα (also πτοίνα with unexplained πτ-) name of an admin. region in Rhodos (Myc. koto(i)na) with κτοινᾶται, - έται (s. Fraenkel 1,207; 2, 126).Etymology: With περι-κτί-ται agrees but for the lengthening ā-stem Skt. pari-kṣí-t-'living round about', with ( ἐΰ)-κτιτος Av. ( ana)- šita- `uninhabited'. Besides stands the athemat. root-present Skt. kṣé-ti, pl. kṣi-y-ánti (= Myc. ki-ti-je-si [trans.]) - Av. šaēiti, šyeinti `live'. An agreeing athematic ptc. is κτί-μενος. The transitive-causative meaning `make as living, found', which is a Greek innovation, started from the aorist κτίσ(σ)αι, which arose beside an intransitive root-aorist (still preserved in κτί-μενος), like ἔ-στη-σα to ἔ-στη-ν (s. ἵστημι). To κτίσ(σ)αι arose κτίζω, and to these the other forms (Schwyzer 674 a. 716, Wackernagel Unt. 77). κτί-σις too has an exact parallel in Skt. kṣi-tí-, Av. ši-ti- `living (place)', but the deviant meaning makes it as innovation to κτίζω suspect (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 95 n. 5). With κτοίνα agrees, except for the i-stem, Arm. šēn, gen. šini `inhabited (place)'. - Cf. Bq and Pok. 626. As with κτείνω we now assume * tkei-. Cf. κτίλος.Page in Frisk: 2,34-35Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτίζω
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39 -νέω 3
-νέω 3Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `heap (up), load w. sthing'.Other forms: Aor. νῆσαι, - ασθαι, perf. midd. νένη(σ)μαι, also with ἐπι-, περι-, συν- a.o. (IA.), aor. pass. νησθῆναι (Arr.), fut. νήσω (Suid.), νησόμεθα κορεσθησόμεθα H.; ipf. also νήει, νήεον, aor. νηῆσαι (ep. Il.; ναήσατο B. 3, 33), besides νήνεον (only v. l. Ψ 139), ἐπ-, παρ-ενήνεον (Hom.).Derivatives: νήησις f. `heaping up' (sch. A. R. 1, 403).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Hom. - ενήνεον may have a lengthened grade intensive reduplication [but δη-δέχ-αται does not exist] (Brugmann-Thumb 304); by Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3, 27 strongly doubted with agreement of Schwyzer 648 n. 3, who assumes a mistake for - ενήεον. The pres. νηέω, supposed on the basis of νήει, νήεον, can like other presents in - έω have started from the mon-present stem in η in νηῆσαι (cf. Schwyzer 721), thus - νέω from νῆσαι (the last shortened from νηῆσαι [LSJ, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 348]?; "improbable" Schwyzer l.c.); the forms remain anyhow unclear. Also νῶντος σωρεύοντος (Phot.) can be explained in diff. ways. -- No etymology.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > -νέω 3
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40 ὀδάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the teeth, to clench ones teeth' ( ὀδὰξ ἐν χείλεσι φύντες α 381 = σ 410 = υ 268; also Com., e.g. Ar. V. 164 διατρώξομαι τοίνυν ὀδὰξ τὸ δίκτυον); perh. in diff. meanings at three places of the Il. (e.g. Λ 749 ὀδὰξ ἕλον οὖδας; cf Χ 17, Β 418), cf. below.Derivatives: Beside it three verbs: 1. ὀδακ-τάζω (Call., A. R.), - τίζω (D. H.) `to bite, to gnaw' (cf. λακτίζω: λάξ); ἀδακτῶ κνήθομαι H. 2. ὀδάξ-ομαι, -ω, - άομαι (- έομαι), - άω, also ἀδάξομαι, - άομαι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. ptc. ὠδαγμένος (S.), aor. ὠδάξατο (AP); ὠδάγμην ἐκνησάμην H. `to scratch oneself, to be itching, to be scratchy, to itch, to scratch, to gnaw'; ὀδάξει τοῖς ὀδοῦσι δάκνει H.; ὀδαγμός (ἀ-, S. Tr. 770), ὀδαξ-ησμός (Hp., Ph., Plu.) `itch', - ητικός (Poll.), - ώδης (Aret.) `scratchy, to cause itch'. -- 3. ἀδαχεῖ `scratches, itches' (Ar. Fr. 410), ἀδαχᾳ̃ κνᾳ̃, κνήθει κεφαλήν, ψηλαφᾳ̃ H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Both ὀδακ-τάζω, - τίζω and ὀδάξει in H. can be derived from ὀδάξ `with the teeth'. But the earlier and better attested ὀδάξ-ομαι, - άομαι as well as ἀδαχ-εῖ, -ᾳ̃ deviate considerably in meaning. As for the oldest attestations of ὀδάξ (Il.) a meaning `with the teeth' is not directly evident (but it seems possible), Bechtel Lex. wants to render ὀδάξ in these places after ὀδάξομαι with `itching, scratching'; agreeing Wackernagel Unt. 157, WP. 1, 791, Hofmann Et. Wb. The later meaning `with the teeth' would have arisen from a folketymological connection with ὀδών and δάκνω. (The connection suggested by Bechtel (after Fick) with Germ., e.g. Os. bi-tengi `nahe an einen rührend' a.o. is not convincing however; cf. WP. l.c.) -- Whether ὀδάξ, if orig. `biting together, with the teeth' (on -ξ cf. λάξ w. lit.), started from ὀδών in connection with δάκνω or, the other way round, from δάκνω in connection with ὀδών, can hardly be decided; cf. beside the lit. in Bq and Bechtel also Güntert Reimwortbildungen 153, Winter Prothet. Vokal 22. Bechtel Lex. and Schwyzer-Debrunner 491 assume a prefix ὀ-, not very convincingly. The forms with ἀ- may rest on vowelassimilation (Schmidt KZ 32, 391 f.); the aspiration in ἀδαχ-ᾳ̃, - εῖ must not be explained as analogical (Schmidt l.c.; rejected by Bechtel). Cf. s.v. ἀδαγμός. So we can conclude that the orig. reading was ἀδαγ-; as the word was less well known, it was at one time replaced by ὀδ-.Page in Frisk: 2,348-349Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀδάξ
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