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1 διαπορίαι
διαπορίαι, αἱ,A Questions, Problems, title of work by Epicurus, D.L.10.27;διαπορίας τοῖς ἰατροῖς παρέχειν Gal.5.721
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > διαπορίαι
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2 εὔλυτος
A easy to untie or loose, X.Cyn.6.12;ὑποδέσεις D.S.15.44
; loose,θύραι στροφὰς ἔχουσαι εὐ. Id.3.22
.3 loosely knit, supple, of joints, Id.Phgn. 809b26 ([comp] Comp.), 811a1; loose, of a machine, Hero Aut.26.3.4 soluble, easily dissolved, Dsc.5.159; σπλήν friable, Aret.SD1.14; soft, yielding, of the os uteri, Hp.Mul. 2.115: hence metaph., easily dissolved or broken, (anap.); of engagements, X.HG5.2.19; of health, Gal.5.443; of problems, easy to solve, Arist.GA 755b23, Just.Nov.97.6 Intr.5 easily released, of the foetus,εὐ. πρὸς τὸν τόκον Hp.Septim.4
([comp] Comp.): so metaph.,στόμα εὔ. πρὸς λοιδορίαν Thphr.Char.6.10
.II Adv. - τως easily, freely,οὖρα οὐκ εὐ. ἰόντα Hp.Coac. 446
;εὐ. στρέφεσθαι Hero Aut.18.1
;εὐ. [πέλτην] μεταφέρειν D.S.5.34
; loosely,ἐναγκυλίζεσθαι Plb.27.11.5
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > εὔλυτος
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3 κεντροβαρικά
κεντρο-βᾰρικά, τά, title of a treatise of ArchimedesA on the centre of gravity: problems relating to this subject, Simp.in Cael.543.30: theory of the subject, An.Ox.3.168
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κεντροβαρικά
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4 λυτός
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5 μηλίτης
II ( μῆλον A) μ. ἀριθμοί arithmetical problems about a number of sheep, Sch.Pl.Chrm. 165e, cf. Hero *Deff.135.5.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μηλίτης
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6 νεῦσις
A inclination, tendency of physical forces to or from a centre, Ti.Locr.100d.2 νεύσεις, αἱ, title of work by Apollonius of Perga, problems where a straight line has to be drawn through a point so as to intercept a given length between two lines or curves, Papp.670.4.3 downward tendency, gravitation, Plu. 2.1122c, prob. in Alex.Aphr.Pr.1.131.4 tendency, inclination, Plot.1.1.12.5 in Neo-Platonic philosophy, declension in the scale of Being, esp. of the Soul,ν. ἡ πρὸς σῶμα καὶ ὕλην Id.1.6.5
; ν. εἰς or πρὸς τὴν γένεσιν, Hierocl. in CA26p.479M., Porph.Antr.11;ἡ πρὸς τὸ χεῖρον ν. Jul.Or.5.166d
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7 προβληματοπλόκος
προβλημ-ᾰτοπλόκος, ον,Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προβληματοπλόκος
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8 ἀγεωμέτρητος
ἀγεωμέτρητος, ον, of persons,A ignorant of geometry, Arist.APo. 77b13; ἀ. μηδεὶς εἰσίτω, Inscr. on Plato's door, Elias in Cat.118.18, cf. Phlp. in de An.117.29. Adv. .2 of problems, not geometrical, Arist.APo. 77b17.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἀγεωμέτρητος
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9 βούλομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `want, wish' (Il.).Dialectal forms: Arc.-Cypr. Eretr. (also Hom., s. Chantr. Gramm. hom. 1, 311) βόλομαι, Lesb. βόλλομαι, Dor. (Cret.) βώλομαι; Thess. βέλλομαι, Boeot. βείλομη, Dor. (Heracl. etc.) δήλομαι, Locr. Delph. δείλομαι. - Other tempora are based on the present: βουλήσομαι, ἐβουλήθην, βεβούλημαι; to βέβουλα (Α 113) below.Derivatives: βουλή `will, decision, council' (Il.); Dor. Arc. βωλά, Lesb. βόλλα. Denomin. βουλεύω ( βωλ-, βολλ-εύω), - ομαι `deliberate' (Il.), with many deriv.: βούλευμα, βουλεία, βουλευτής, βουλευτήριον `council-chamber'.Etymology: The verb is much discussed and there is no agreement on its history. The root must have been *gʷel-\/gʷol-. - There may have been a perfect with present meaning *βέβολα, a trace of which could be προ-βέβουλα (Α 113) with newly introduced ου from βούλομαι. The o-vocalism and the β- may have been spread from the perfect. (There may also have been influence of βουλή, but this may itself have been derived from the present.) But it seems doubtful that the perfect alone is the source of all the o-vowels. - The central problem is the origin of the present. One has assumed an n- or an s-suffix; Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 315f. thinks only - λν- can explain the compensatory lengthening. S. Slings, Mnemosyne 28 (1975) 1-16. - Recently Peters, FS Risch 1986, 311, suggests a root in -h₃. This may help explain the o-vocalism. A nasal present * gʷl-n-h₃- would have given *βαλνο- [or βλανο-?] which was replaced by *βολν-. Pamphylian βΟλΕμενος would have βολε- \< *βελο- \< * gʷelh₃-. Many problems of detail remain. E.g. there is no evidence for βλω- and no basis for the introduction of the o-vocalism; in this view the e-vocalism is also problematic. - On the relation between βούλομαι, ἐθέλω and λῆν s. Braun Atti R. Ist. Veneto 98, 337ff.; Rödiger Glotta 8, 1ff.; Wifstrand Eranos 40, 16ff.Page in Frisk: 1,258-259Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βούλομαι
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10 γέφῡρα
γέφῡραGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `bridge'; on other meanings in Homer s. below (Il.)Derivatives: γεφυρίς πόρνη τις ἐπὶ γεφύρας, ὡς ` Ηρακλέων H. (also with another meaning); denomin. γεφυρόω `make a bridge' (Ion.-Att.; Il. `dam up' s. below',) with γεφύρωσις (Str.), γεφύρωμα `bridge' (J.), γεφυρωτής `builder of b.' (Plu.); γεφυρίζω `abuse' (Plu.), acc. to H. "ἐπεὶ ἐν Έλευσῖνι ἐπὶ τῆς γεφύρας τοῖς μυστηρίοις καθεζόμενοι ἔσκωπτον τοὺς παριόντας"; from there γεφυρισμός (Str.), γεφυριστής (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The variation of the first consonant suggests labiovelar gʷ-, but then the γ- cannot be explained. The evidently cognate Arm. kamurǰ `bridge' gives also unsurmountable problems if the word were IE. Beekes, Glotta ?? (2004), ??-?? follows Fur. 97 etc. in connecting Hattic hammuruwa `beam'. The word is an Anatolian loan (or Pre-Greek?). An original meaning `beam' fits all passages in Homer, and notably the expression πολέμοιο γεφύρας, where it has the same meaning as phalanx (`tree, beam'). The form with - ι- and - ου- point to Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 1,302-303Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέφῡρα
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11 δήνεα
Grammatical information: n. pl.Compounds: several compounds, mostly only lexically known: ἀδηνής ἄκακος H., EM (from where Semon. 7, 53 for text. ἁληνής), ἀδηνέως (Chios, H.), ἀδανές ἀπρονόητον, ἀδηνείη ἀπειρία, πολυδηνέα πολύβουλον H.Etymology: Brugmann Sächs. Ber. 1897, 187 ( Grundr.2 2: 1, 518) assumed *δάνσεα with analogical α from δαῆναι, δαΐφρων (s. vv.) for *δένσεα, *δένσος = Skt. dáṃsas- n. `wonderful craft', Av. daŋhah- n. `adroitness', IE *dénsos beside *dn̥s- in δα-ῆναι, δα-ί-φρων. But one would rather expext *δάος; see the objections in Bechtel Lex. 99 and Lasso de la Vega Emerita 22, 92, who also has semantic problems. (Wackernagel KZ 29, 137 prefers connection with δήω,which is not better.) - Ruijgh, Lingua 25 (1970) 319f. thinks the word is Myc., where * dens- would have given δην- (cf. τελη-(Ϝ)εντ- \< *τελεσ-Ϝεντ-). Also Schmitt, Dicht. 161.Page in Frisk: 1,382Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δήνεα
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12 ἑστία
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hearth, fireplace, altar', metaph.. `house, family etc.' (Od.), also with beginning of a personification as goddess of the hearth (h. Hom., Hes. Th. 454 etc.); later identified with Lat. Vesta (Str.).Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in ἑστι-οῦχος `containing the hearth' = `domestic', `protecting the hearth' (trag. etc.); as 2. member in ἐφ-έστιος, Ion. ἐπ-ίστιος `on the hearth, belonging to...' (Β 125), ἀν-έστιος `without hearth' (Ι 63), συν-, ὁμ-έστιος etc.; on Att. - έστιος in Homer Wackernagel Unt. 9ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 15; diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 214.Derivatives: Ίστιήϊα n. pl. `monetary means of a `I.-temple' (Miletos Va); ἑστιῶτις `belonging to hearth (house)' (S. Tr. 954 [lyr.]; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 208 n. 2); Έστ-ιασταί m. pl. name of the der H.-adorers (Rhod.; cf. Άπολλων-ιασταί a. o.); ἕστιος `belonging to the hearth' (Hld., after ὁμέστιος a. o.). As translation of Lat. Vesta, Vestālēs Έστιαῖον `Vesta-temple' (D. C.), Έστιάδες pl. `Vestales' (D. H., Plu.). Normal denomin. ἑστιάω, ἱστιάω (augm. εἱσ- in εἱστίων [Lys.] etc.), also with prefix, e. g. συν-, `receive at the hearth, feed, receive as guest' (Ion.-Att. Dor.) with several derivv.: ἑστί-ασις, -ᾱμα, - ασμός `entertain', ἑστιάτωρ ( ἱστ-) `host', with ἑστιατόριον ( ἱστια-, ἱστιη-), also ἑστιατήριον (after the nouns in - ήριον) `dining-room' (cf. Benveniste Noms d'agent 34 and 48); ἑστιατορία ( ἱστ-) `feast'. - Also ἑστιόομαι (E. Ion 1464 [lyr.] δῶμα) `get a hearth, be settled'.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: As collective- or abstractformation in - ία (cf. esp. οἰκ-ία, κλισ-ία) ἑστία, from where secondarily ἱστία, - ίη through sound-reduction or assimilation (Schwyzer 256 and 531, Lejeune Traité de phon. 208; diff. Buck IF 25, 259 [after ἵστημι] and Solmsen l. c. [unaccented ἱ-]), presupposes a noun ἑστο-, -ᾱ v. t.. - For the etymology the question of the anlaut is decisive. Against the evidence for anlaut. Ϝ-, Ϝιστιαυ (PN, Mantineia IVa), γιστία ἐσχάρη (cod. - τη) H., which are doubted, there are dialect forms, where expected F fails; s. Solmsen Unt. 213ff. Therefore the old, still defended equation with Lat. Vesta is uncertain. Another explanation has not been found: to ἐσχάρα (Solmsen l.c.), Lat. sīdus (Ehrlich KZ 41, 289ff.), ἕζομαι (Bq; with ἱστία after ἵζω?), Slav. jestěja `hearth' (Machek Lingua posnan. 5, 59ff.). - See Bq and W.-Hofmann s. Vesta; also Schwyzer 58 and 227 w. n. 1, Scheller Oxytonierung 60, Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237, Benveniste BSL 44, 53. On Έστία in gen. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 337f., v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 156ff. - As the wau is improbable, the old etymology is prob. incorrect; also ε \> ι is unusual, unexpected, whereas ε\/ι in Pre-Greek is frequent; so there are two serious problems. The conclusion must be that the word is of Pre-Greek origin. Cf. Furnée, 358 A 2.Page in Frisk: 1,576-577Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἑστία
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13 ἐύς
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `good, brave, (in war) strong' (ep. Il.), only of men, never in fem. (s. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 37ff.); ntr. ἐΰ, εὖ `good' (A., E.), mostly as adverb `well' (Il.).Other forms: also ἠΰς, ἠΰ (s. below), gen. sg. ἐῆος, ἑ-, gen. pl. n. ἐά̄ων (at verse-end, e. g. δωτῆρες ἐάων θ 325)Dialectal forms: Myc. names with eu-, e.g. Eumene \/Eumenēs\/.Compounds: Very often as 1. member, both adject. and adverbial.Derivatives: ἐυτής (cod. ἐητής) ἀγαθότης H.; on the accent Wackernagel-Debrunner Philol. 95, 177. - Note further ἠέα αγαθά H.Etymology: The Greek forms present several problems. As for ἠΰς beside ἐΰς, old ablaut (Schulze Q. 33ff.) is very improbable, it must prob. be connected with metrics ( ἠΰς mostly in expressions at the end of the verse; Schwyzer IF 38, 159ff.); analogical introduction of the length from compounds, e. g. ἠΰ-κομος, where metrical lengthening was necessary, is certainly possible (cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 317 n. 107). Metrical lengthening can also be assumed in ἐῆος for *ἐέος; often ἑῆος (so mostly the mss.) seems to stand for *ἑῆο = *ἑεῖο, *ἑέο `sui', from ε῝, ἑέ `se' (s. v.); cf. ἐμεῖο = ἐμέο from ἐμέ. The comparison of ἐυ- with Skt. su- points to * h₁su-. One should compare Hitt. aššuš `good, useful, pleasant', n. `good, possession, prosperity' (Friedrich IF 41, 370ff.; further Hier.-Hitt. wa-su(-u), with w- added?; Kronasser Μνημης χάριν 1, 201). On the one hand Skt. vásu-, Av. vohu- `good', with further Gaulish PN like Bello-vēsus and Ir. feb f. `eminence', and Illyr. gen. Ves-cleveses (cf. Εὑ-κλέης, Skt. vásu-śravas-). Further the expression δωτῆρες, δῶτορ ἐάων (ritual formula?, Shipp Studies 24) has a pendant in Skt. dātā́ vásūnām (beside dā́tā vásu [acc.]. Certain traces of digamma fail ( ἕτερος δε ἐάων Ω 528 is young). We must also reckon with merger of IE * esu- and *u̯esu-. - See Schwyzer 432 n. 8, 433 n. 1, 476: 7, 574 κ; also Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 201; 254; 274. - S. also ὑγιής, where the laryngeal will have been lost in the compound. - Hoffmann, (1975\/6) 593-604 suggests that ἑηος continues hysterodynamic *h₁u̯esu̯-os.Page in Frisk: 1,594-595Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐύς
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14 ἐφιάλτης
ἐφιάλτης, - ουGrammatical information: m. (Phryn. Kom., Dsk.),Meaning: `nightmare' (Phryn. Kom., Dsk.) - Έφιάλτης ( Έπι-) 1. mythical PN, son of Aloeus (or of Poseidon) and Iphimedeia, famous because of his unusual greatness and strength (Ε 385, λ 308, Pi. P. 4, 89); 2. PN (Hdt. etc.).,Other forms: also ἐπιάλτης (Alc. in Eust. 1687, 52); in the same meaning also ἠπιάλης, acc. - ητα (Sophr.), ἠπιόλης (Hdn. Gr.).Dialectal forms: Myc. E-pi-ja-ta?Derivatives: ἐφιαλτικός `suffering from nightmare' (Medic.), and the plant-name ἐφιάλτιον, - τία (Ps.-Dsc., Aët., because of its prophylactic use, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 90).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: No etymology. In antiquity the name of `nightmare', which is clearly as original name of a demon identical with the mythical name (cf. Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 226), was connected with ἐφάλλομαι `jump (up)on somebody'; cf. ἐφιάλτης ὁ ἐπιπηδῶν H. and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 33 n.1. The explanation, which is phonetically not without problems (Leumann Hom. Wörter 80 n. 45; s. also Schwyzer-Debrunner 465 n. 9 with different interpretation), must be considered as folk-etymology. The suggestion of Leumann l. c. (with Meister Dial. 1, 117), that ἐφιάλτης came from ἠπίαλος, name of a fever, through ἐπίαλος, ἐπιάλτης reshaped through folk-etymology after ἐφάλλομαι, is, acc. to Frisk, less probable because of the difference in meaning. Leumann separates the PN Έφιάλτης from that of the demon and connects it with ἐπ-ιάλλειν (but this does not explain the φ). - The forms ἠπιάλης, - όλης are based on mixing with ἠπίαλος, s. v. Other folk-etymological reshapings ( ἐφέλης, ἐπωφέλης etc.) in H. s. ἐπιάλης. If the name is identical with the noun ἠπίαλος, as Leumnn and Fur. 159, 258, 342 assume, it is Pre-Greek, which is what one might expect.Page in Frisk: 1,598-599Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐφιάλτης
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15 νέομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `(happily) reach (some place), get away, return, get home' (Il.; on the aspect Bloch Suppl. Verba 38ff.); besides νίσομαι (- σσ-), only presentstem except for uncertain or late attestations of a supposed aorist νίσ(σ)ασθαι, often w. prefix. e.g. μετα-, ποτι-, ἀπο-, `drive, go, come' (Il.).Compounds: Also with prefix, esp. ἀπο-.Derivatives: 1. νόστος m. `return, home-coming, (happy) journey' (Il.), also `income, produce' (Trypho ap. Ath. 14, 618d; ἄ-νοστος `without yield' Thphr.); from it νόστιμος `belonging to the return' (Od.), also `giving produce, fruitful, feeding' (Call., Thphr., Plu.), NGr. `plaisant' (Arbenz 20 f., Chantraine Rev. de phil. 67, 129 ff., also Frisk Adj. priv. 8); denominative verb νοστέω, also w. prefix, e. g. ἀπο-, ὑπο-, περι-, `return, come home, jouney in gen.' (ep. poet. Il., also Hdt.) with ἀπο-, ὑπο-, περι-νόστησις f. `return, drawing back etc.' (late). -- 2. Νέστωρ, - ορος m. PN (Il.), litt. "who happily gets somewhere" v.t. conventional name without symbolic content; on the meaning (quite diff.) Palmer Eranos 54, 8 w. n. 4, also Kretschmer Glotta 12, 104f. against Meister HK228; from it Νεστόρεος (Il.; Aeol. for - ιος? Wackernagel Unt. 68f.), - ειος (Pi., E.), νεστορίς, - ίδος f. name of a beaker (Ath. 11, 487f).Etymology: The themat. rootpresent νέομαι, which because of νόσ-τος must stand for *νέσ-ομαι, agrees formally with Germ., e.g. Goth. ga-nisan `heal, be saved', OE ge-nesan `escape, be saved, survive', NHG genesen; semantically the connection between these verbs is, which agree also as to the confective aspect (Bloch Suppl. Verba 39ff.) to each other, immediately clear. Semantically farther off stands the also formally identical Skt. násate `come near, approach, meet smbody, unite'; if the also connected Nā́satyā m., dual. indicating the Aśvins prop. means "Healers, Saviours", it fits well with νέομαι, ga-nisan with the caus. Goth. nasjan `save', OHG nerian `save, heal, feed' (cf. νόστος, - ιμος) etc. Less clear is Alb. knellem `recover, become lively again'; Jokl WienAkSb. 168: 1, 40); non-committal the comparison with Toch. A nasam, B nesau `I am'; quite diff. Pedersen Tocharisch 160 f. (On ναίω `live' s.v.) Cf. also ἄσμενος. -- In νί̄σομαι (false νίσσομαι) one supposes generally a reduplicated *νί-νσ-ομαι; on the phonetical problems (one would have expected *νί̄νομαι) see Brugmann-Thumb 332 and (with diff. explanation) Wackernagel KZ 29,136 (= Kl. Schr. 1, 639) as well as Bechtel Lex. s.v. (s. also Schwyzer 287 and Lasso de la Vega Emer. 22, 91 f.). The usual connection with Skt. níṃsate (\< * ni-ns-) `they kiss, touch with the mouth' (e.g. Brugmann Grundr.1 II: 3, 106) is semantically rather in the air; cf. also Mayrhofer s.v. After Meillet BSL 27, 230 a. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 440 νίσ(σ)ομαι would rather be a desiderative with reduced vowelgrade and inner gemination; phonetically very difficult. -- Further details in WP. 2, 334f., Pok. 766f., Schwyzer 690 w. n. 4.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νέομαι
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16 νευρα
νευράGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `string of a bow, sinew' (Il., X., Arist.); diminutive νευρίον n. (AP). Lengthened form νευρειή (Theoc. 25, 213; verse-begin); cf. ἐγχείη (: ἔγχος) a.o.; oxytonon after νευρή.Other forms: Ion. -ήCompounds: Many compp., e.g. νευρό-σπαστος `drawn by strings', pl. subst. n. `puppets' (Hdt., X.) with νευροσπάστ-ης, - ικός, - ία, - έω (Arist., hell.).Derivatives: Besides νεῦρον n. `sinew, bowstring, cord, string, male member', metaph. in plur. `strength, power' (Il.). 1. diminut. νευρίον (Hp.). -- 2. plantname νευράς, - άδος f. = ποτίρριον (Dsc., Plin.), δορύκνιον (Plin.). -- 3. Adj. νευρ-ώδης `sinewy' (IA.), - ινος `made from sinews' (Pl., Arist.), - ικός `have problems with the sinews' (medic.). -- 4. Verb νευρόομαι, - όω, also with ἀπο-, ἐκ-, `be provided with sinews' (Ar., Ph., Gal.) with ἀπονεύρωσις f. `the end of the muscels, where the sinews begin' (Gal.). On νεῦρον: νευρά cf. φῦλον: φυλή and, with masc. ο-stem, the numerous verbal nouns of the type τόμος: τομή.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [977] *sneh₁-ur\/n- `band, sinew'Etymology: With νεῦρον agrees except for the gender Lat. nervus `sinew, muscel, nerve' from * neuros ; in both words we have a thematic enlargement of the r-stem in Av. snāvarǝ n. `sinew', Toch. B ṣñaura `sinews, nerves', Arm. neard `sinew, Faser, Fiber' (with final IE -t; cf. on ἧπαρ); beside it the alternating n-stem in Skt. snāvan- n. `band, sinew'; IE *sneh₁-u̯(e)r \/ n-, deriv. in -u̯er \/ n- from a verb for ` twist together (threads)' in 2. νέω `spin'. -- W.-Hofmann s. nervus w. rich lit., Benveniste Origines 21 a. 111; on the old- a. m.ind. forms s. Tedesco Μνήμης χάριν 2, 182ff.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νευρα
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17 ὄβριμος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `strong, mighty' (Il.).Other forms: (also ὄμβριμος with anticipation of the nasal; cf. Schwyzer 257 and below).Compounds: As 1. member e.g. in ὀβριμο-πάτρη f. surname of Athena a.o. `having a mighty father'; on the formation Sommer Nominalkomp. 144 f. w. lit.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: With ὄβριμος one compares since long (Curtius 532 f. etc.) some words without initial ὀ- and with long stemvowel: βριμός μέγας, χαλεπός H., βριμάομαι ' χαλεπαίνω', Βριμώ f. surname of Hekate and Persephone a.o. (s. βρίμη), with further βρίθω, βριαρός. The shortness of the ι in ὄβριμος could have been taken from ἄλκιμος and other nearly synonymous adj., but the ὀ- gives serious problems: neither a prefix (Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 2, 817) nor a prothetic vowel (Meillet BSL 27, 129ff.) gives a solution; cf. Austin Lang. 17, 87. To be rejected Arbenz 24f. with Fay ClassRev. 11, 89 (to ὄμβρος); a not convincing Slavic combination (Pol. olbrzym `giant' from older obrzym) by Machek Zeitschr. für Slavistik 1 (1956) 38. -- Older lit. in Bq. - The variation ὀβρι-\/ βρι- is prob. Pre-Greek (Furnée 246 etc.).Page in Frisk: 2,345Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄβριμος
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18 πρευμενής
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `gentle, merciful, pleasing, welcome' (A., E.).Derivatives: πρευμένεια f. `gentleness' (A., E.).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Prob. from *πρηϋ-μενής with diphthongisation and shortening of the long diphthong; so Ionism in the language of the tragedians. Diff. Chantraine Maia N. S. 1, 17 ff. (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *προ-ευμενής; formally not without problems. On προευμενής (Soloi, Cyprus) may be a reinterpretation, Brixhe-Hodot, Asie Mineure (1988) 147f.Page in Frisk: 2,593Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρευμενής
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19 σπάνις
σπάνις, - εωςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `rarity, scarcity' (IA.).Other forms: Ion. dat. -ι.Derivatives: 1. σπάνιος `rare, scarce' (IA.); in compp. for it σπανο-, e.g. σπανο-σιτ-ία f. `lack of grain, provision' (X., Arist., inscr. a. o.; σπανι- σπάνις Delos IIIa); σπανο-πώγων, - ωνος `having a scarce growth of beard' (Ion Hist., pap.), shortened from this σπανός `id.', also `eunuch' (Ptol. a. o., Byz.; Fraenkel Μνήμ. χάριν 1, 100, E. Maass RhM 74, 432); σπανι-άκις `infrequent' (Luc. a. o.), - ότης f. = σπάνις (Isoc., Ph.), also σπανία `id.' (E. Rh. 245 [lyr.]; from σπάνιος or enlarged from σπάνις; Scheller Oxytonierung 38). 2. Verb σπανίζω, - ομαι, also w. ὑπο-, `to lack in smth., to lack, to be sparse, to be missing' (Pi., IA.) with σπαν-ιστός `meagre, sparse' (S. a.o.), - ιστικός `id.' (Vett. Val.); σπανίζω also factitive `to exhaust, to spend, to dispense' (LXX, pap., Ph. Byz.); backformed from the verb σπανόν τίμιον, πολλοῦ ἄξιόν ἐστιν H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin] (V)Etymology: Etymology doubted. Rather with νι-suffix to σπάω (Persson Beitr. 1, 397 n. 1 as supposition with Curtius 272) than with zero grade to πένομαι (s. Curtius a. O.; anl. σπ- gives problems). Diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 157 (to Lat. pēnūria). -- Furnée 378, however, may be right in connecting ἠπανᾳ -νεῖ ἀπορεῖ, σπανίζει, ἀμηχανεῖ H, assuming a prothetic σ- and a prothetic α- lengthened to ἠ-. If so, the word is Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,756-757Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπάνις
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20 σπεύδω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to hurry, to hasten, to strive, to exert oneself', trans. `to drive, to quicken, to ply, to aspire after'.Other forms: Aor. σπεῦσαι, fut. σπεύσομαι (Il.), σπεύσω (E. a.o.), σπευσίω (Cret.), perf. ἔσπευκα (hell.), rare midd. σπεύ-δομαι (A.), pass. ἔσπευσμαι (late),Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, συ-. Compp., e.g. κενό-σπουδ-ος `seriously prosecuting frivolities' with - έω, - ία (hell.). -- 2. κατάσπευ-σις (: κατα-σπεύδω) f. `hurry' (Thd.; σπεῦσις Gloss.), σπευσ-τός (Phryn.), - τικός ( ἐπι-) `hurried' (Arist., Eust.).Derivatives: 1. σπουδ-ή f. `haste, zeal, labour, seriousness, good will' (Il.), with - αῐος `zealous, striving, serious, good' (IA) with - αιότης f. (Pl. Def., LXX a. o.), -ᾱξ ἀλετρίβανος H. (cf. below); - άζω ( ἐπι-, κατα-, συ- a. o.) `to be quick, to carry on seriously, etc.' (IA) with - ασμα, - ασμάτιον, - ασμός, - αστής, - αστός, - αστικός.Etymology: Through the maintenance of the ου-diphthong σπουδή proves to be an old derivation (cf. Schwyzer 347); the primary σπεύδω on the opposite has resisted any vowelchange. -- Good formal and semantic agreement shows Lith. spáusti (\< *spáud-ti), with pres. spáudžiu `press, squeeze', also `push, drive on', intr. `hutty'. A trace of the meaning `push' has also been supposed in σπούδαξ = ἀλετρίβανος, `pestle of a mortar' (*"oppressor"; Fick BB 29, 197). The inf. spáus-ti can be equated with σπεύδ-ω, but the pres. spáudžiu can as well be an old iterative IE *spoudéiō. With σπουδή agrees formally spaudà f. `pressure, literature'. Beside it with ū-vowel spūdà f. `throng, urgency, pressure' and spūdė́ti `be oppressed, thrust down, pain oneself, meddle'. With zero grade also Alb. punë `work, business', if from * spud-nā. Arm. p'oyt`, gen. p'ut`oy (o-stem) `zeal' however gives problems both in the an- and auslaut; cf. Lidén GHÅ 39 [1933]: 2, 49; also Hiersche Ten. aspiratae 237. -- Hypothetic further combinations with rich lit. in WP. 2, 659, Pok. 998 f. (esp. Szemerényi ZDMG 101, 205ff.) and Fraenkel s. spaudà; older lit. also in Bq.Page in Frisk: 2,765Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπεύδω
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