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41 μονογενής
μονογενής, ές (μόνος, γένος; Hes.; LXX; PsSol 18, 4; TestSol 20:2; TestBenj 9:2; ParJer 7:26; ApcEsdr 6:16; ApcSed 9:2; Joseph., Just.; loanw. in rabb.) acc. μονογενῆ (-ῆν J 3:16 v.l.; Hb 11:17 D; also ApcEsdr 6:16)① pert. to being the only one of its kind within a specific relationship, one and only, only (so mostly, incl. Judg 11:34; Tob 3:15; 8:17) of children: of Isaac, Abraham’s only son (Jos., Ant. 1, 222) Hb 11:17. Of an only son (PsSol 18:4; TestSol 20:2; ParJer 7:26; Plut., Lycurgus 59 [31, 8]; Jos., Ant. 20, 20) Lk 7:12; 9:38. Of a daughter (Diod S 4, 73, 2) of Jairus 8:42. (On the motif of a child’s death before that of a parent s. EpigrAnat 13, ’89, 128f, no. 2; 18, ’91, 94 no. 4 [244/45 A.D.]; GVI nos. 1663–69.)② pert. to being the only one of its kind or class, unique (in kind) of someth. that is the only example of its category (Cornutus 27 p, 49, 13 εἷς κ. μονογενὴς ὁ κόσμος ἐστί. μονογενῆ κ. μόνα ἐστίν=‘unique and alone’; Pla., Timaeus 92c; Theosophien 181, §56, 27). Of a mysterious bird, the Phoenix 1 Cl 25:2.—In the Johannine lit. (s. also ApcEsdr and ApcSed: ὁ μονογενής υἱός; Hippol., Ref. 8, 10, 3; Did., Gen. 89, 18; ὑμνοῦμέν γε θεὸν καὶ τὸν μ. αὐτοῦ Orig., C. Cels. 8, 67, 14; cp. ἡ δύναμις ἐκείνη ἡ μ. Hippol., Ref. 10, 16, 6) μονογενὴς υἱός is used only of Jesus. The renderings only, unique may be quite adequate for all its occurrences here (so M-M., NRSV et al.; DMoody, JBL 72, ’53, 213–19; FGrant, ATR 36, ’54, 284–87; GPendrick, NTS 41, ’95, 587–600). τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἔδωκεν J 3:16 (Philo Bybl. [100 A.D.]: 790 Fgm. 2 ch. 10, 33 Jac. [in Eus., PE 1, 10, 33]: Cronus offers up his μονογενὴς υἱός). ὁ μ. υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ vs. 18; τὸν υἱὸν τὸν μ. ἀπέσταλκεν ὁ θεός 1J 4:9; cp. Dg 10:2. On the expr. δόξαν ὡς μονογενοῦς παρὰ πατρός J 1:14 s. Hdb. ad loc. and PWinter, Zeitschrift für Rel. u. Geistesgeschichte 5, ’53, 335–65 (Engl.). See also Hdb. on vs. 18 where, beside the rdg. μονογενὴς θεός (considered by many the orig.) an only-begotten one, God (acc. to his real being; i.e. uniquely divine as God’s son and transcending all others alleged to be gods) or a uniquely begotten deity (for the perspective s. J 10:33–36), another rdg. ὁ μονογενὴς υἱός is found. MPol 20:2 in the doxology διὰ παιδὸς αὐτοῦ τοῦ μονογενοῦς Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. Some (e.g. WBauer, Hdb.; JBulman, Calvin Theological Journal 16, ’81, 56–79; JDahms, NTS 29, ’83, 222–32) prefer to regard μ. as somewhat heightened in mng. in J and 1J to only-begotten or begotten of the Only One, in view of the emphasis on γεννᾶσθαι ἐκ θεοῦ (J 1:13 al.); in this case it would be analogous to πρωτότοκος (Ro 8:29; Col 1:15 al.).—On the mng. of μονογενής in history of religion s. the material in Hdb.3 25f on J 1:14 (also Plut., Mor. 423a Πλάτων … αὐτῷ δή φησι δοκεῖν ἕνα τοῦτον [sc. τὸν κόσμον] εἶναι μονογενῆ τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἀγαπητόν; Wsd 7:22 of σοφία: ἔστι ἐν αὐτῇ πνεῦμα νοερὸν ἅγιον μονογενές.—Vett. Val. 11, 32) as well as the lit. given there, also HLeisegang, Der Bruder des Erlösers: Αγγελος I 1925, 24–33; RBultmann J (comm., KEK) ’50, 47 n. 2; 55f.—DELG s.v. μένω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
42 ἀπολαμβάνω
ἀπολαμβάνω fut. ἀπολή(μ)ψομαι; 2 aor. ἀπέλαβον; pf. ptc. ἀπειληφότες 4 Macc 18:23. Mid.: 2 aor. ptc. ἀπολαβόμενος; pf. ptc. ἀπειλημμένων Is. 5:17 (s. λαμβάνω; Eur., Hdt.+).① to obtain someth. from a source, receive τὶ: τ. υἱοθεσίαν adoption Gal 4:5. τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν B 15:7; pl. Hv 2, 2, 6, cp. 5:7. πάντα Hm 9:4. τ. ἐκκλησίαν 2 Cl 14:3. τ. αἰώνιον ζωήν 8:6.—As commercial t.t. (s. ἀπέχω) receive (UPZ 162 VIII, 28 [117 B.C.] τ. τιμὴν ἀπολαβεῖν) τὰ ἀγαθά σου you have already received your good things Lk 16:25 (difft. KBornhäuser, NKZ 39, 1928, 838f); cp. 2 Cl 11:4. Esp. of wages (since Hdt. 8, 137 μισθόν; Sb 7438, 13 [VI A.D.]; GrBar 15:3 μισθόν) ἀ. πολλαπλασίονα receive many times more Lk 18:30; ἄξια ἀ. 23:41; τ. μισθόν 2 Cl 9:5; Hs 5, 6, 7; μισθὸν πλήρη 2J 8; ἀντιμισθίαν ἀ. Ro 1:27; ἀπὸ κυρίου ἀ. τ. ἀνταπόδοσιν Col 3:24; τ. κλῆρον ἀ. obtain one’s lot IRo 1:2; τ. μέλλοντα αἰῶνα the future age (w. its glory) Pol 5:2; τ. τῆς ἀφθαρσίας στέφανον MPol 19:2 (cp. τὴν δόξαν TestJob 43:15). It appears to be used abs. οὐ γὰρ | ἐν τοῖς ζωοῖς μόνοις ἀπολαμβάνουσιν οἱ κακοῦργοι τῶν ἀν(θρώπ)ων ἀλλὰ [κ]αὶ| κόλασιν ὑπομένουσιν καὶ πολ[λ]ὴν| βάσανον Ox 840, 4–7, but the primary obj. is probably κόλασις which does duty for the two clauses, w. β. being an additional feature in the endtime: not only among the living do human evildoers receive punishment, but they also await it and much torment as well.—EPreuschen, ZNW 9, 1908, 4.② to receive back someth. that one previously possessed, recover, get back (Jos., Ant. 5, 19; Just., A I, 18, 6 τὰ … ἑαυτῶν σώματα) τὰ ἴσα the same amount Lk 6:34 (a commercial term as Sb 7516, 24 [II A.D.] τὰ ὀφειλόμενα). ὑγιαίνοντα αὐτὸν ἀπέλαβεν he has gotten him back safe and sound 15:27. Fig. τ. λαὸν καθαρόν take his people back pure Hs 9, 18, 4. τὸ ἴδιον μέγεθος ISm 11:2.③ to lead or take away from a particular point, take away of persons (so since Hdt. 1, 209; Aristoph., Ran. 78 αὐτὸν μόνον; PLond I, 42, 13 p. 30; Witkowski 32, 13 p. 62; sim. 36, 10f p. 65 for confinement; Jos., Bell. 2, 109 ἀπολαβόμενος αὐτὸν κατʼ ἰδίαν; 2 Macc 6:21) mid. ἀπολαβόμενος αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τ. ὄχλου κατʼ ἰδίαν he took him aside, away fr. the crowd, by himself Mk 7:33.④ to accept someone’s presence with friendliness, welcome (PLips 110, 6; PIand 13, 17f ἵνα μετὰ χαρᾶς σε ἀπολάβωμεν) 3J 8 v.l.; τὴν πολυπληθίαν ὑμῶν your entire congregation IEph 1:3. ὸ̔ν ἐξεμπλάριον τ. ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἀγάπης ἀπέλαβον whom I have welcomed as a living example of your love 2:1.—M-M. TW. -
43 εἶδος
A that which is seen: form, shape, freq. in Hom., of the human form or figure, esp. abs. in acc. with Adjs., εἶδος ἄριστος, ἀγητός, κακός, Il.3.39,5.787, 10.316;ἀλίγκιος ἀθανάτοισιν Od.8.174
; opp. φρένες, 17.454; opp. βίη, Il.21.316; δευτέρα πεδ' Ἀγιδὼν τὸ εἶ. Alcm.23.58; , etc.; appearance, of a dog, Od.17.308;ὄφιες ποικίλοι τὰ εἴδεα Hdt.3.107
;εἴδεα [τῶν θεῶν] σημήναντες Id.2.53
;γυνὴ τό γ' εἶδος Ar.Th. 267
: hence, periphr. for person, S.El. 1177;τὸ ἐπ' εἴδει καλόν Pl.Smp. 210b
.b esp. of beauty of person, comeliness,εἴδεος ἐπαμμένος Hdt.1.199
;πλούτῳ καὶ εἴδει προφέρων Id.6.127
.c Medic., physique, habit of body, constitution, Hp.Nat.Hom.9, Hum.1: more freq. in pl., Id.Aër.3, al.; εἴδεα εὔχροά τε καὶ ἀνθηρά ib.5.2 generally, shape,σχῆμα καὶ εἶδος Id.Off.3
, cf. Mochl.6, etc.; pattern, of 'figurate' numbers, Arist. Ph. 203a15;ἡ μονὰς εἶδος εἰδῶν τυγχάνει Theol.Ar.4
, cf. 17; decorative pattern or figure, Plu. Them.29 (pl.); of a musical scale,τοῦ διὰ τεσσάρων τρία εἰδη Aristox.Harm.p.74
M. (identified with σχῆμα, ibid.): in pl., shapes, i.e. various kinds of atoms (cf. ἰδέα), Democr. ap. Thphr. Sens.51.b Geom., δύο εἴδη τῷ εἴδει δεδομένα two figures given in species, Euc.Dat.53, etc.; esp. in central conics, rectangle formed by a transverse diameter and the corresponding parameter, Apollon.Perg. Con.1.14,21, al.; also, species of numbers, of the terms in an algebraical expression involving different powers of the unknown quantity, Dioph.Def.11.II form, kind, or nature,τῶν ἀλλέων παιγνιέων τὰ εἴδεα Hdt.1.94
;τὸ εἶ. τῆς νόσου Th.2.50
, etc.; ἐν ἁρμονίας εἴδει εἶναι, γενέσθαι, to be or become like.., Pl.Phd. 91d, cf. Cra. 394d; ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου εἴδει by way of medicine, Id.R. 389b; νόμων ἔχει εἶδος is in the province of law, Arist.Pol. 1286a3; situation, state of things,σκέψασθε ἐν οἵῳ εἴδει.. τοῦτο ἔπραξαν Th.3.62
; plan of action, policy,ἐπὶ εἶδος τρέπεσθαι Id.6.77
, 8.56; ἐπ' ἄλλ' εἶδος τρέπεσθαι take up another line, Ar.Pl. 317; specific notion, meaning, idea,ἂν παρέχῃ τὸ ἓν εἶ. δύο ὀνόματα.., περὶ ἑνὸς εἴδεος δύο ὀνόματα οὐ τὰ αὐτά Aen.Tact.24.1
; department, Hp.VM12 (but also, elementary nature or quality, ib. 15); type, sort,πυρετῶν Id.Epid.3.12
;αὐγῆς Id.Off.3
, etc.: Rhet., style of writing,τὰ εἴδη τῶν λόγων Isoc.13.17
, cf. Arist.Rh.Al. 1441b9 (pl.); later, definite literary form, Men.Rh.init., Procl.Chrest. p.243 W., EM295.52; also, example of a style,ὅλοις εἴδεσι Isoc.15.74
; later, single poem, applied to Pindar's odes by Sch.; also, written statement,ἀναγνωσθέντος εἴδους PAmh.2.65.11
(ii A.D.), cf. PTeb.287.12 (ii A.D.).III class, kind,πᾶν τὸ τῶν πίστεων εἶδος Isoc.15.280
, cf. D.24.192: freq. in Pl., περὶ παντὸς τοῦ εἴδους.. ἐν ᾧ .. Tht. 178a; ἑνὶ εἴδει περιλαβεῖν ib. 148d; εἰς ταὐτὸν ἐμπέπτωκεν εἶδος ib. 205d, etc.; logical species, Sph. 235d;ἓν εἶδος ἀποχωρίζειν Plt. 262e
; τὰς διαφορὰς ὁπόσαιπερ ἐν εἴδεσι κεῖνται, ib. 285b, al., cf. Arist.Metaph. 1057b7, al., Cat. 2b7; as a subdivision of γένος, Id.Rh. 1393a27; ἐπὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ γένους πεύκη, εἴδει διαφέρουσα, Dsc.1.69.3 form, opp. matter ([etym.] ὕλη), Id.Ph. 187a18, al., Metaph. 1029a29: hence, formal cause, essence, ib. 1032b1, etc.IV in later Gr., wares of different kinds, goods, POxy.109.1 (iii/iv A.D.), PFay.34.7 (ii A.D.): hence, payments in kind, opp. χρυσίον, Just.Nov.17.8, cf. Cod.Just.1.4.18, al.; spices, Lyd.Mag.3.61; groceries, Anon.post Max.p.120 L.; εἶ. ἰατρικόν drug, Hsch. s.v. νίτρον, cf. Hippiatr.129.54 and v. ἑξάειδος, τετράειδος, τρίειδος; of a chemical reagent, Zos.Alch.p.205 B. -
44 προφέρω
προφέρω, [dialect] Ep. and [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. προφέρεσκον, Q.S.4.275, IG14.1747.6 ([place name] Rome): [tense] fut. προοίσω: [tense] aor. 1 προήνεγκα: [tense] aor. 2Aπροήνεγκον Th.5.17
: Hom.only [tense] pres.; [ per.] 3sg.[tense] pres.subj.προφέρῃσι Il.9.323
:— bring before or to one, present,ὡς ὄρνις.. νεοσσοῖσι προφέρῃσι μάστακα Il.
l.c.;νέκυν Ἀχιλλῆϊ 17.121
;μάντεις σφάγια προὔφερον Th.6.69
;προενέγκας τὴν ἐπιστολήν BGU1141.11
(i B.C.), cf. PTeb.291.43 (ii A.D.), etc.2 of words, σφιν ὀνείδεα π. cast reproaches in their teeth, Il.2.251; π. τινί throw in one's teeth, bring forward, allege, esp. in the way of reproach or objection, , cf. Hdt.1.3, 8.61, 125, Isoc.4.100;π. τοὔνομα τοῦθ' ὡς ὄνειδος D.21.190
;δικαιώσεις ἀλλήλοις Th.5.17
: abs., reproach (folld. by words quoted), Hdt.3.120:—also in [voice] Med.,τὴν ἐν Δωδώνῃ ἀσέβειαν Plb.5.11.2
;εἶναι βασιλικὴν γῆν PTeb.81.17
(ii B.C.), cf. PAmh.2.30.7 (ii B.C.), etc.b π. Αἴγιναν πάτραν proclaim it as their country, Pi.I.5(4).43; π. εἰς μέσον or εἰς τὸ μ. publish, Pl.Lg. 812c, 936a:—[voice] Med., ὁπόσσω κα προφέρηται for whatever sum [the priest] lays down, Berl.Sitzb.1927.169 ([place name] Cyrene).4 bring forward, cite,μὴ π. τὴν τότε γενομένην ξυνωμοσίαν Th.3.64
, cf. 5.26 ([voice] Pass.), Pl. Sph. 259d; προφέρων Ἄρτεμιν putting forward her authority, A.Ag. 201 (lyr.); π. τὰς ἐπονειδίστους τῶν ἡδονῶν citing by way of example, Arist.EN 1173b21, cf. Pol. 1288a20:—also in [voice] Med., Pl.Phlb. 57a, X. Oec.14.6; ἀναμνήσεως χάριν π. Plb.4.66.10; αὐτοῦ -ομένου τὴν περὶ τὸ σῶμα γεγενημένην ἀσθένειαν pleading.., OGI244.10 (Daphne, ii B.C.); cite, Plu.Lyc.21; recite,ποιήματα D.S.14.109
, cf. 16.92; , cf. 660.3 (Delph., ii B.C.).5 of an oracle, propose as a task,τοῖσι Θηραίοισι προέφερε ἡ Πυθίη τὴν ἐς Λιβύην ἀποικίην Hdt.4.151
;ἡ Πυθίη προφέρει σφι, τὰς Ἀθήνας ἐλευθεροῦν Id.5.63
:—[voice] Pass., δόμοισι προὐνεχθέντος ἐν χρηστηρίοις (gen. abs.) it having been commanded to do so, A.Ag. 964.II bring forward, display,π. κρατερὸν μένος Il.10.479
; ; ἔριδα π. show, i.e. engage in, rivalry, Od.6.92;ἀντιώσεσθαι πόλεμον προφέρων Hdt.7.9
.γ:—[voice] Med., ξεινοδόκῳ ἔριδα προφέρεσθαι challenge one's host to rivalry, Od.8.210, cf. Il.3.7.2 bring out, ἐντεῦθεν ὥσπερ ἐκ ταμιείου π. Isoc.1.44; ἤνοιξα τὸν τόπον τῶν οἰναρίων καὶ προενήνεχα (sic)οἴνου κεράμια νά POxy.1288.12
(iv A.D.); ἠξίωσαν προενεχθῆναι αὐτὸν ἀπὸ τοῦ δεσμωτηρίου that he should be produced.., BGU 1024 vii 4 (iv A.D.).III carry off, sweep away, of a storm, Il.6.346, Od.20.64; of death,π. σώματα τέκνων E.Med. 1111
(anap.).IV put or move forward, (lyr.); carry forward, pass on,σκυταλίδα Aen.Tact.22.27
: hence, promote, further, ἠώς τοι προφέρει μὲν ὁδοῦ, π. δὲ καὶ ἔργου furthers one on the road and in the work, Hes.Op. 579: without gen., AP9.344 (Leon. Alex.); μέγα π. εἴς τι conduce, help to wards gaining an object, Th.1.93; μεγάλη τύχη πρὸς πάντα π. D.C.78.38:—[voice] Pass., move forward,προενεχθέντος τοῦ σώματος Arist.IA 711a29
.2 intr., surpass, excel another,δόξας ἔργα πολὺ προφέρει Simon.161
, cf. Theoc.12.5: c. dat. rei, εἴρια καλλονῇ τε προφέροντα καὶ ἀρετῇ τῶν ἀπὸ τῶν ὀΐων (tree) wool surpassing sheep's wool in beauty and goodness, Hdt.3.106;πλούτῳ καὶ εἴδεϊ προφέρων Ἀθηναίων Id.6.127
; ἡ Νάξος εὐδαιμονίῃ τῶν νήσων π. Id.5.28;π. εἰς εὐτυχίαν τινῶν E.Med. 1092
(anap.): abs., ἐν πάντα νόμον εὐθύγλωσσος ἀνὴρ π. Pi.P.2.86; πλούτῳ καὶ ἐξουσία, εὐψυχία, Th.1.123, 2.89, cf. Q.S.4.275;ἔν τινι D.C.77.11
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προφέρω
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45 προχειρίζω
A make πρόχειρος, deliver up, - κεχειρικέναι τινὰ ἐπὶ τὸ (fort. τῷ)τὴν τιμωρίαν δοῦναι Din.3.14
:—[voice] Pass., mostly in part., taken in hand, undertaken,τὸν προκεχειρις μένον λόγον Pl.Lg. 643a
; .II more freq. in [voice] Med. προχειρίζομαι, [tense] fut.- χειριοῦμαι Ar.Ec. 729
:—make ready for oneself, mobilize, προχειριοῦμαι κἀξετάσω τὴν οὐσίαν Ar.l.c.; δύναμιν, στρατόπεδα, D.4.19, Plb.1.16.2, 3.107.10;ἐσθῆτα Luc.Merc.Cond.14
;τὴν μαλάχην Id.VH2.46
; τὰς ῥήσεις, τοὺς λογισμούς, Plu.2.396c,813d;βιβλίον Gal.6.555
.2 choose, select,δημαγωγούς Isoc.8.122
;τοὺς τὴν πίστιν.. τηρήσοντας OGI339.46
(Sestos, ii B.C.);γραμματέα κοινὸν ἐκ περιόδου Plb.2.43.1
, cf. LXXJo. 3.12, al.;τινὰ ἐπί τι D.25.13
;ἐπί τινι Plu.Caes.58
;πρός τι τοὺς ἐπιτηδείους Plb.3.44.4
; appoint,τινὰ δικτάτορα D.C.54.1
, cf. IG22.1110.14:—[voice] Pass.,-ισθεὶς.. ἀγωνοθέτης OGI268.4
(Nacrasa, iii B.C.), cf. LXXDa.3.22, Plb.3.106.2, D.H.4.27, D.C.58.20;ὑπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως Str.2.3.4
, cf. Wilcken Chr.12.13 (i B.C.);- ισθεὶς θεωρός PCair.Zen. 341
(a).25 (iii B.C.), cf. 42.3 (iii B.C.);ὑπὸ τῶν πολιτῶν ἐπὶ τὴν στρατηγίαν D.S.16.66
, cf. BMus.Inscr. 1044 ([place name] Attaleia), PTeb.27.22 (ii B.C.), etc.b allot, assign, in [voice] Pass.,διὰ τὸ -κεχειρίσθαι αὐτῷ τὴν γῆν PCair.Zen.132.3
(iii B.C.);τὰ Ποπλίῳ -κεχειρισμένα στρατόπεδα Plb. 3.40.14
;τὸν -κεχειρισμένον ὑμῖν Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν Act.Ap.3.20
.4 c. inf., determine to do, Plb.3.40.2: c. acc. et inf., decide,τῆς πόλεως -κεχειρισμένης τὸν ἀγῶνα.. στεφανίτην εἶναι SIG457.14
(Thespiae, iii B.C.).5 discuss or examine,τὰς ἄλλας κατηγορίας Arist.Cat. 10b19
;τὰς πάντων δόξας Id.Top. 105a35
; alsoπ. περί τινος Id.Cael. 271b25
, cf. Ph. 200b23; περὶ ἕκαστον γένος (v.l. ἑκάστου γένους) Id.Mete. 378b6.6 ἐπὶ πραδείγματος π. propose by way of example, Id.Pr. 953a33:— [voice] Pass., Id.Cat. 2a36;ὁ περὶ τῶν -χειρισθέντων λόγος Phld.D.3.14
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > προχειρίζω
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46 χαρίεις
Aχαρίϝεττα Mon.Piot2.138
(statuette from Thebes, vii/vi B. C.), χαρίεν (for χάριεν, v. infr. iv): gen. χαρίεντος, dat. - εντι: voc. χαρίει, χαρίεν, acc. to Theodos. Can.1.11, 209 H.: ([etym.] χάρις):—graceful, beautiful:I in Hom. freq. of the works of men, [πέπλος] χαριέστατος Il.6.90
, 271;εἵματα 5.905
;ἔργα Od. 10.223
;φᾶρος 5.231
; also, gracious,ἀμοιβή 3.58
;ἀοιδή 24.197
; ; δῶρα χ. acceptable gifts, Il.8.204, Ar.Pl. 849;οὐ πάντεσσι θεοὶ χαρίεντα διδοῦσιν Od.8.167
; ; of the parts of a person, χ. μέτωπον, πρόσωπον, κάρη, 16.798, 18.24, 22.403;μέλεα Archil.12
; of a youth,πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦπερ χαριεστάτη ἥβη Il.24.348
(also- έστατος ἥβη Od.10.279
); of persons first in Hes.Th. 247; χαρίεσσα δέμας ib. 260;ὦ κάλα, ὦ χαρίεσσα Sapph.
[pron. full] η ¯ 5 App.p.48 Lobel, cf. Alc.46;φυὴν χαριέστερος Tyrt.12.5
;σοὶ χάριεν μὲν εἶδος Sapph.
[pron. full] η ¯ 9 App.p.49 Lobel; once in Trag.,σὰν χαρίεσσαν ὥραν E.Fr.453.6
(lyr.); alsoχαρίεσσα χελιδοῖ Anacr.67
: laterζῷα ὀφθῆναι χαρίεντα Luc.Prom.Es3
.II in [dialect] Att., freq. of persons, in relation to qualities of mind, elegant, accomplished,χ. ἦσαν οἱ Λακωνικοί Ar.Lys. 1226
; men of taste,Isoc.
12.8, Arist.Metaph. 1060a25, cf. Pl.R. 605b ([comp] Comp.);οἱ χ. Arist.Pol. 1297b9
, Phld.Mort.31; opp. οἱ πολλοὶ καὶ φορτικώτατοι, Arist.EN 1095b22, cf. Pol. 1267a1; τὰ τῶν χ. σκώμματα the wits, Pl.R. 452b;χ. καὶ νοῦν ἔχοντες Arist.Pol. 1320b7
; χαριέστατος τὴν μουσικήν accomplished in.., Pl.La. 180d;περὶ φιλοσοφίαν Id.Ep. 363c
;χ. ποιητής Id.Lg. 680c
;τῶν ἰατρῶν οἱ χ. Arist.EN 1102a21
;στρατηγοί D.S.12.33
([comp] Sup.); γεωργός, παιδαγωγός, etc., Plu.2.92b, Cat.Mi.1, etc.2 of things, graceful, elegant, μέλος, πόνος, Pi.P.5.107, N.3.12, cf. Ar.Pl. 145;φιλοσοφία ἐστὶν χαρίεν Pl.Grg. 484c
, cf. Sph. 234b ([comp] Comp.);χαρίεντα μὲν γὰρ ᾄδω, χ. δ' οἶδα λέξαι Anacr.45
;λόγον λέξαι χαρίεντα Ar.V. 1400
; ;ἐνθύμημα χ.
clever, smart,X.
An.3.5.12;τὸ ἀστεῖον καὶ χ. Luc.VH1.2
;χαρίεντα.. ἐσοφίσω καὶ σοφά Ar.Av. 1401
; ironical, χαρίεντα πάθοιμ' ἄν I should be nicely off, Id.Ec. 794; χαρίεν [ἐστὶ] εἰδέναι it is well to know, Hp.Art.34;χ. οὖν.. λαλεῖν Ar. Ra. 1491
(lyr.);δοκεῖ χαριέστερον εἶναι.. λέγειν Pl.Prt. 320c
; also χαρίεν γάρ, εἰ .. it would be a pretty thing, if.. ! X.Cyr.1.4.13, Luc. JTr.26.3 rarely of natural objects,θεῶν χ. ἐναύλους Hes. Th. 129
;χαρίεντα τὰ ὑδάτια φαίνεται Pl.Phdr. 229b
; πηγὴ χαριεστάτη ib. 230b;τὴν Ἰνδῶν λίθον χ. Jul.Or.2.51a
.4 name of a plant,χαρίεν τὸ ἐπονομαζόμενον, τούτου ῥίζαν πρόσθες Hp.Mul.1.78
.III Adv. χαριέντως gracefully, elegantly, cleverly;πάνυ χ. ἀποδεδεῖχθαι Pl.Phd. 87a
, cf. Plt. 300b;χ. ἔχων τὸ σῶμα
in fine condition,Id.
Phd. 80c;δείπνου χ. πεπρυτανευμένου Alex.110.4
;χ. εἰπεῖν Pl.R. 331a
: [comp] Comp.,ἀνθηρότερον καὶ -έστερον τῶν ἄλλων λέγειν Isoc. 13.18
;οἱ -εστέρως λέγοντες Arist.Metaph. 1075a26
.2 kindly, courteously, Isoc.5.22.3 with good intention,χ. μέν, ἀπειροτέρως δὲ ἐπαινεῖν Id.12.37
.IV the neut., as Adv., was written proparox. χάριεν in [dialect] Att., acc. to Hdn.Gr.1.350, A.D.Adv.160.22, etc., but no example is quoted; neut. as Adj. is proparox. acc. to Suid.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χαρίεις
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47 χρῆσις
Iemployment, use made of a thing,ἀνέμων Pi.O.11(10).2
;χρημάτων Democr.282
; , cf. SIG987.33 (Chios, iv B. C.); τὴν κατ' ἀξίαν χ. ποιοῦνται ἑκάστῳ (fort. leg. ἑκάστου) Iamb.Protr.5; use, practice, Hp.VM4; in pl., uses, advantages, Pi.N.1.30; αἱ ἐς τὰ πολεμικὰ χ. the uses of war, X.Cyr. 8.5.7;αἱ πολιτικαὶ χ. Arist.Pol. 1267a23
; opp. κτῆσις, Pl.Mx. 238b, Arist.EN 1098b32, Cic.Fam.7.29.1; opp. πώλησις, X.Oec.3.9.2 usefulness, Th.7.5; opp. ἀχρηστία, Pl.R. 333d; so as to become useful,Hp.
Art.27; ἔχειν χρῆσιν to be useful, D.11.8.3 intimacy, acquaintance, ἡ οἰκειότης καὶ ἡ χ. [τῆς πόλεως] Isoc. Ep.2.14;ἡ χ. ἡ πρὸς ἀλλήλους Arist.Pol. 1280a36
;αἱ οἴκοι χρήσεις Isoc.19.11
;ἡ τῶν ἀφροδισίων χ. Pl.Lg. 841a
, Arist.HA 581b13, cf. Pol. 1262a34 (pl.), Ep.Rom.1.26; τὰ ἐν χρήσει familiar objects, Plot.4.4.37.4 Gramm., usage, of words,ἡ ἐξαλλαγὴ τῆς συνήθους χ. D.H.Amm.2.3
; ἀναστρέφων τὰς χ. ib.2, cf. A.D.Synt.119.24, al.;ἡ Πλάτωνος χ. Id.Pron.72.18
; in concrete sense, example of a word or use, πυκνῶς αἱ χ. παρὰ Αἰολεῦσιν ib.66.3; passage cited, f. l. for κρίσει in D.H.Rh.4.3; indicated by the symbol <*>, Anon.Oxy.1611.56 (iii A. D.); <*> Ἀριστοφάνους (referring to Av. 1181) An.Ox.2.452.II ( χράω (B) A), oracular response, ἀπὸ κείνου χρήσιος at his bidding, Pi.O.13.76. -
48 οἰωνός
A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > οἰωνός
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49 βύσταξ
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `moustache' (Antiph. 44.4 ap. Ath. 4, 143a)Other forms: Cf. βύσταγα πώγωνα H.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Explained as a reshaping of μύσταξ after βυνέω (comparing βῦσαι ἐπιθεῖναι, φορτῶσαι, κρύψαι H.), which is most improbable. Acc. to Güntert Reimwortbildungen 128 a foreign word. Evidently a Pre-Gr. word with β\/μ (Fur. 116, 218; cf. κ\/γ); see the further variants s.v. μύσταξ. A typical example where the evidence for Pre-Gr. origin is explained away by all kinds of analogies and influences.Page in Frisk: 1,278Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βύσταξ
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50 δοῦλος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `slave, servant', also as adj. with the comp. δουλότερος (Hdt.); δούλη f. `slave-woman, maid' (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.Other forms: δῶλος Cret.;Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.Derivatives: δουλίς f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with δουλίδιον (H.), δουλάριον (Ar.). - δουλοσύνη `servanthood' (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with δουλόσυνος (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - δούλιος, - ειος `slavish, of a servant' (Hom.), δούλεος `id.' (A. R.), δουλικός `id.' (Att. etc.), δουλικά ( σώματα) n. pl. `slaves' (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. δουλεύω `be slave, serve' (Ion.-Att.) with δουλεία, ion. - ηΐη `servanthood', δούλευμα `id.' (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), δουλεύτρια `female servant' (Eust.); δουλόομαι, - όω `be made servant' (Ion.-Att.) with δούλωσις (Th.) and δουλωτικός (Plu.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The forms point to *δόελος, prob. from *δοhελος. One adduces: δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία, η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν H. (unclear δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in δοῦμος (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from *dm̥-sel-o- \> * doh-elo-, with sel- the root of ἑλεῖν. But `home-taken' does not give the right meaning (while Fr. domestique is perfect), and for o \< *m̥ in Attica etc. he gives only ὄπατρος as example.Page in Frisk: 1,412Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δοῦλος
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51 ἰσοφαρίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `match oneself with, be equal' (Il., Hes., Simon., Theoc.); `make equal' (Nic. Th. 572).Other forms: only presentOrigin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: For *ἰσοφορίζω = ἴσα φέρειν from an hypothetical *ἰσο-φόρος with unclear α-vowel, after an unknown example (type ἰσοβαρής?); but cf. also the α-vowel in φαρέτρα. In comparable meaning also ἀντιφερίζω `to oppose somebody' (Il.) after ἀντι-φέρω. - After this αὑτοφαρίζειν αὑτοματεῖν H. - Cf. Schwyzer 736 n. 5, 449 n. 4, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 339.Page in Frisk: 1,738Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰσοφαρίζω
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52 κελεύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `urge, drive on, exhort, command' (Il.).Derivatives: Derivv. also from prefixcompp. (here not esp. noted): κέλευ(σ)μα `exhortation, command' (IA.), also `call of the κελευστής', from where Rom. LW [loanword], e. g. Ital. ciurma, Fr. chiourme `the total of rowers of a ship' (vgl. Kahane Byz.-Neugriech. Jbb. 15, 97), κελευσμός (IA.), κελευσμοσύνη (Hdt.), κέλευσις (Att.) `id.' (on the analogical - σ- in κέλευσμα s. Schwyzer 773 and 761); κελευστής "driver", i. e. `master of the rowers' (Att.; on the meaning Richardson Class. Quart. 37, 55ff.); κελευστικός `exhorting' (Att.). Lengthned ptc.: κελευτιόων, - όωντε (- άων, - άοντε) `driving on' (Ν 125, Μ 265), example uncertain, vgl. Schwyzer 732 w. n. 5.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: From κέλομαι `drive on, set in movement' with unexplained - ευ-, the same as in κέλευθος `road'? (on the meaning cf. Weg, be-wegen, and Luther Weltansicht und Geistesleben 28f.) and which may also occur in τελευ-τη. Improbable Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367ff.: κελεύω after κέλομαι for *κλεύω to *κλεῦσαι (to κλύω); gainst this Frisk GHÅ 56: 3, 8f.Page in Frisk: 1,816Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κελεύω
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53 κεντέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `sting' (Pi.).Other forms: aor. κένσαι (Ψ 337), κεντῆσαι (Hp., κέντᾱσα Theoc. 19, 1), pass. κεντηθῆναι (Arist.) with κεντηθήσομαι (Hdt.), κεντήσω (S.), κεκέντημαι (Hp.),Derivatives: 1. κένσαι for *κέντ-σαι (Schwyzer 287) points to κεντ- (present or aorist?; s. below) of which the dental before dental gave κεσ-. Thus κεσ-τός (\< *κεντ-τός) `stitched' (ep.; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 17); κέσ-τρον `pointed iron ' (Plin.) with κεστρωτός and κέστρωσις (H.; *κεστρόω), κέσ-τρος `kind of arrow etc.' (Plb., D. H., H.) with dimin. κεστρίον (Attica) and κέστρειον `stock of arrows (?)' (Delos IIIa); κέσ-τρα f. `sharp hammer, arrow' (S., Ph. Bel., Hero), also a fishname = σφύραινα (Ar.; after te form of the body, Strömberg Fischnamen 35); here κεστρεύς `mullet' (IA.; Bosshardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 51) and κεστρῖνος, - ινίσκος `id.' (Com.). - 2. Through reshaping after κεντ-έω (not with ρο-suffix as Fraenkel KZ 42, 118 n. 1) rose κέντρον `sting', as geometrical term. techn. `resting bone of a compass, center of a cirkel' (Il.), with many compounds and derivv., e. g. κεντρ-ηνεκής `driven by the sting' (Il.; cf. with diff. function δουρ-, ποδ-ηνεκής); subst. κέντρων s. v.; adj. like κεντρικός, κεντρώδης, κεντρήεις; fish- and plant names as κεντρίνης, κεντρίσκος, κεντρίτης (Strömberg Fischnamen 47, Redard Les noms grecs en - της 83, 111); denomin. verbs κεντρόω `with a sting, sting' (IA), κεντρίζω `sting' (X.); from κέντρον as backformation κέντωρ m. `goader, driver' (Il., AP; Fraenkel Glotta 2, 32). - 3. From κεντέω ( κεντῆ-σαι, - σω): κέντημα `the sting, the mosaic' (Arist., inscr. Smyrna [Rom. Emp.]), κεντητής `mosaic-worker' ( Edict. Diocl.), κεντητήριον `picker' (Luc.), κεντητικός `stingy' (Thphr.), κεντητός `stitched, with mosaic' (Epikt., pap.). - 4. With old ablaut κοντός m. "the stinger", `pole, crutch, staf to drive on cattle' (ι 487; LW [loanword] Lat. contus with percontor) with κοντά-κιον, - άριον, - ίλος, - ωτός a. o.; here κοντός `short' (Adam.) from κοντο-μάχος, - βόλος, - βολέω, where κοντός was taken as `short'; thus in κοντο-πορεία (Plb.), s. Hatzidakis Festschrift Kretschmer 35ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [567] *ḱent- `sting'Etymology: To the sigmatic aorist κένσαι \< *κέντ-σαι was after unknown example a present κεντ-έω created (cf. Schwyzer 706), to which came κεντῆ-σαι, κεντή-σω etc. - Other languages have only isolated nominal formations: OHG hantag `pointed', deriv. from PGm. * handa- (formally = κοντός), Latv. sīts `hunting spear' (= Lith. *šiñtas \< IE. *ḱentos- n.?), and some Celtic words, e. g. Bret. kentr `spur', Welsh cethr `nail', but these are all prob. loans from Lat. centrum. - See W.-Hofmann 2, 423, Pok. 567.Page in Frisk: 1,820-821Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κεντέω
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54 λαγαίω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: aor. λαγάσαι (Crete),Compounds: also with ἀπο-.Derivatives: ἀπολάγαξις `release' (Crete; on the formation Chantraine Form. 281, Bechtel Dial. 2, 746). - Several nouns, that do not directly depend from the verb: 1. λαγαρός `slack, emaciated, thin' (IA.) with λαγαρότης `slackness etc.', λαγαρόομαι `get slack' (AP) with λαγάρωσις (Eust.; of στίχοι λαγαροί). λαγαρίζομαι meaning unclear (com.); 2. λάγανον `thin cake' (hell.) with λαγάνιον (late) and λαγανίζω (?; Hp. Morb. Sacr. 13 ; cf. Kind Herm. 72, 368) ; 1. a. 2. first from a noun *λαγαρ \/ ν-? (vgl. Benveniste Origines 18; to the frequent nom. in - ανον Chantraine Form. 198 f.). A ν-suffix also in the semantically deviant 3. λάγνος (- νης; on the barytone acc. Schwyzer 489) `lascivious, voluptuous' with λαγνεύω `be lascivious, be lecherous', λαγνεία `the act of coition etc.' (IA.). 4. *λαγος (*λάξ) `slack, thin' in λαγόνες pl. f. (m..), rarely - ών sg. `the hollows on the side, the flanks' (IA.), also in λαγώς `hare' (s. v.).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Eur. substr.XEtymology: A direct agreement to *λαγος, if from *σλαγος (s. on λήγω) gives a Germ. adj. for `slack': Nord. slakr , OS slac, OE slæc etc.; here with anlaut. l- (= IE.) MLG. lak `id.', thus OIr. lacc `id.' (with expressive gg). The formal identity of λαγών and WNo. lake `flap', of λάγανον and OS lakan, OHG lahhan `cloth' rests on parallel innovations of the separate languages. - With λαγαρός we can directly compare Toch. A slākkär `sad'. Beside it with s-suffix Lat. laxus `slack, weak etc.'; also Skt. ślakṣṇá- `slippery, meagre, thin' (from *slakṣ- assim., Hendriksen IF 56, 27 f.)? - Disyllabic λαγά-σαι (: λαγαρός) has an example in the synonymous χαλά-σαι (: χαλαρός); λαγαίω is innovation like κεραίω, ἀγαίομαι (s. κεράννυμι and ἀγα-; diff. Specht Ursprung 325); besides NGr. (Cret.) λαγάζω, s. Schulze Kl. Schr. 354 n. 1. Cf. also on κλαδαρός. - With diff. ablaut here λήγω, λωγάνιον, λωγάς, s. vv. - As * slh₂g- would have given *slāg-, the form has not been explained; is it a Eur. substratum word?Page in Frisk: 2,68Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγαίω
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55 μέσφα
Grammatical information: adv. and prep.Meaning: `until' (Θ 508).Other forms: beside μέσφι (Aret.); μέστα (Cret. IIa, Cyren.), μεττ'ἐς (Gortyn), μέστε (Arc.), μεσποδι, μες (Thess.); cf. Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 137.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Beginning as in μέχρι (s. v.; also μετά ?), after it also -ι in μέσφι. Auslaut. - φα is isolated; τόφρα, by Schwyzer 630 n. 1 asking supposed as example, differs strongly. With μέστε agrees ἔστε (s.v.); μεσποδι contains pob. * pod-i Garcia Ramón (RPh. LXXIV92000)275); μες, only in μες τᾶς πέμπτας, can stand haplologically for μέστε, - τα. Details remain unclear, as usually with these fixed words; cf. Schwyzer 629ff., and Fraenkel IF 60, 134 f.Page in Frisk: 2,215-216Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέσφα
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56 *πέμφιξ
*πέμφιξ, -ῑγοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: poet. word of unstable meaning, which is based partly on the artificialities of hell. poets (s. Wenkebach Phil. 86, 300ff.): `bubble of air or water' (secondarily of the soul, s. Nehring IF 40, 100ff.), `blister on the skin, drop (of water or blood), drizzle, spraying spark, also said of the sunlight' (Ibyc., trag., hell. poetry).Derivatives: πεμφιγώδης `full of vesications' (Hp.). Besides πεμφίς, only gen. pl. - ίδων (Lyc. 686; v. 1. - ίγων). -- With ο-vowel: πομφός m. `blister on the skin' (Hp.); more often with λ-suffix in πομφρολύζω (- ύσσω?), only aor. 3. pl. πομφόλυξαν `sprang up' ( δάκρυα; Pi.), and πομφόλυξ, -ῠγος f. (also m.) `bubble' (Hp., Pl., Arist., Thphr.), metaph. of a female hair-ornament (Ar., att. inscr.), of an architecton. ornament (Att. inscr.), of shieldknobs (H.), of a zincoxyde (medic.); as 1. member in πομφολυγο-παφλάσματα pl. joking formation (Ar. Ra. 249). From it πομφολυγ-ωτός `provided with bosses' (Ph. Bel.), - ώδης `like bubbles', - ηρόν n. `plaster with zinc oxyde' (medic.), - όω `to make bubbles' (Arist.), - όομοι, - ίζω `to bubble' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Expressive words, which may be old as regards the kernel but in Greek preserved their special morphological character. The nearest example of πέμφιξ is not recognisable ( μάστιξ and τέττιξ are too far off; Chantraine Form. 397); the hapax πεμφίς after the many words in -ῑ̆δ- (cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 201 n. 2; to far-going Specht Ursprung 212 a. 228). The ablauting πομφός was adapted to the o-stems; here with λ-suffix πομφο-λύξαι, - υξ (s. on μορμώ); cf. also φλύζω, οἰνό-φλυξ, φλύκταινα and Persson Beitr. 1, 58 a. 2, 879; similar βομβυλίδας πομφόλυγας H. -- To a group popular and onomatop. expressions for `blow up etc.', which are found esp. in Baltic, e.g. Lith. pam̃p-ti `swell, aufdinsen', pempùs `fatt-bodied', pumpùlis `roundish, thick-bellied thing', with voiced cons., e.g. bum̃balas `knob, bladder', with aspirate Arm. p'amp'ušt `urine-bladder'. -- Cf. βέμβιξ and βόμβος w. lit., also W.-Hofmann s. pampinus. - The words may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2,503Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > *πέμφιξ
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57 πρόσθε(ν)
πρόσθε(ν)Grammatical information: Adv. a. prep. w. gen.Meaning: `ahead, before, formerly, yore; in front of' (Il., IA.)Compounds: Also combined with other adv. (prep.), e.g. ἔμ-προσθε(ν), - θα `in front (of), before' (IA. resp. Dor. Aeol.) with ἐμπρόσθ-ιος `in the front', esp. of bodyparts (Hdt., Att., Arist.), - ίδιος `id.' (A. D., pap.), ἐπί-προσθεν `close before, near' Att., hell.) with ἐπιπροσθ-έω `to be in the way, in front of it, to hinder, to cover' (Hp., hell.), ὑπό-προσθε `just before' (Hp.) with ὑπαπροσθ-ίδιος `earlier (immigrated), older inhabintant' (Locr.).Derivatives: πρόσθ-ιος `in the front', esp. of bodyparts (Hdt. as v. l., trag., Arist.; cf. ἐμπρόσθιος above), - ίδιος `id.' (Nonn.), προστ-ίζιος = προσθ-ίδιος `earlier, the former' (El.).Origin: IE [Indo-European] or GR [a formation built with Greek elements] [000]Etymology: Formation in - θε(ν), - θα, because of the meaning and spread hardly with Kretschmer Glotta 1, 55 from πρός, but rather from πρό with analog. - σ- ( πρό-θεν only Greg. Cor.). Example hardly ὄπισθεν, as this seems to stand itself for ὄπι-θεν (rather the other way round ὄπισθεν after πρόσθεν). So after ἔκτοσ-θε(ν), ἔντοσ-θε(ν) (cf. Schwyzer 628) or to πρόσ(σ)-ω (cf. WP. 2, 38)? Extensive Lejeune Adv. en - θεν 333 ff.Page in Frisk: 2,601Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρόσθε(ν)
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58 ῥῖγος
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `frost, cold, shivering fit' (ε 472).Compounds: Some compp., e.g. ῥιγο-πύρετος m. (- ον n.) `tertian fever, ague' (Gal., Ptol. a.o.) for older (Hp.) πυρετὸς καὶ ῥῖγος (Strömberg Wortstud. 85), ἀ-ρριγής (adv. - γέως) `not sensitive to cold' (Hp.); also ἄ-ρ(ρ)ιγος `id., not shivering (Arist., Aret.) as δύσ-ριγος `to tolerate cold badly' (Hdt., Arist., Thphr.); both connected with ῥιγέω as e.g. δύσ-φορος with φορέω, φέρω. From it as denom. ῥιγώω, - ῶσαι, rarely w. ἐπι-, ἐν- a.o., `to freeze' (ξ 481), after the opposite ἱδρώω (not from *ῥιγωσ- with e.g. Schwyzer 724).Derivatives: ἔρρῑγα perf. `freeze, congeal, shudder', aor. ῥιγῆσαι (ep. Il.), fut. ῥιγήσω (Ε 351), pres. ῥιγέω (Pi.); rarely w. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, κατα-. -- Primary comp. ῥίγιον `colder, ghastlier, terribler' (Hom., Hes., Semon.), sup. ῥίγιστα (Ε 873), - ος, - ον (A. R., Nic.). -- Further adj.: 1. ῥιγεδανός `ghastly, terrible' (Τ 325, A. R., Opp.), after unknown example to ῥιγος or from *ῥιγεδών? (Chantraine Form. 362, Schwyzer 530, Specht Ursprung 199 a. 345); 2. ῥιγαλέος `id.' (Emp.); to ῥῖγος as ἀργαλέος to ἄλγος (Debrunner IF 23, 21, Benveniste Origines 46); 3. ῥιγηλός ( κατα-) `id.' (ξ 226, Hes. Sc., Nic., Nonn. Ap), from ἔριγα, ῥιγέω; 4. ῥιγώδης `causing a shivering fit' (Hp., Gal.), from ῥῖγος; 5. ` Ρῖγμος m. n. of a Thracian (Υ 485); to ῥῖγος as θερμός to θέρος (Risch $ 19f)?Etymology: With ἔρριγα: ῥῖγος agree γέγηθα: γῆθος, λέληθα: Dor. λᾶθος, with ablaut γέγονα: γένος a.o.; as ῥίγιον: ῥῖγος also e.g. ἄλγιον: ἄλγος, κέρδιον: κέρδος (Schwyzer 539). -- With ῥῖγος agrees exactly Lat. frīgus n. `cold, frost, shivering' when we posit IE * sriHgos n. Thus ῥῑγέω = Lat. frīgeō, but they may originate from parallel innovation. Further connection quite uncertain; s. WP. 2, 7 05 f. and W.-Hofmann s. frīgeō w. rich lit.Page in Frisk: 2,654-655Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥῖγος
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59 ῥώδιγγες
Grammatical information: ?Other forms: ῥώτιγγες.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: May belong to a Slav. word for `ulcer, wound', e.g. OCS vrědъ, Russ. véred, perh. with further connection with Lat. rōdō `gnaw' etc.; Lidén KZ 56, 222. The form ῥώτιγγες (H.) must then be a derailment (example?; diff. Specht Ursprung 231 n. 3). Or the other way round ῥώδιγγες after σμώδιγγες ? -- The variant rather points to a Pre-Greek word (note also the suffix).Page in Frisk: 2,667Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥώδιγγες
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60 στένω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to moan, to drone, to groan, to lament', also trans. `to mourn, to bewail' (ep. poet. Il., also late prose).Other forms: rare - ομαι, only pres. a. ipf.Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἐπι-, μετα-, ὑπο-. Compp. e.g. ἀγά-στονος `moaning loudly, roaring' (Od. a.o.)Derivatives: Expressive enlargements, partly metr. condit. (Schwyzer 105 w. lit., 736; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 112): 1. στεν-άζω, aor. - άξαι, fut. - άξω, also w. ἀνα-, ἐπι- a.o. (poet., also Hdt., D., LXX, Plu. a.o.). 2. στεν-άχω, - άχομαι, - αχέω, - αχῆσαι, - αχίζω, - αχίζομαι, also w. ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι- a.o. (mostly ep. Il.); on the formation Schwyzer 702; nearest example ἰάχω (Risch 243) ?, not old disyll rootform (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,330). -- From στένω: 1. Στέν-τωρ m. PN (Ε 785; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 14 w. n. 1, Benveniste Noms d'agent 54). 2. στόνος m. `the moaning etc.' (ep. poet. Il.); στονό-εις ( στονόϜεσαν f. sg. Corc. VIa) `full of moaning, causing moaning, woeful' (ep. poet. Il.; untenable on Ω 721 Szemerényi Sprache 11, 13 ff.). From στενάζω: στεναγ-μός m. `the moaning, sighing (Pi., trag., Pl.) with - μώδης (Paul. Aeg.); - μα n. `id.' (S., E., Ar.) with - ματώδης (Gal.). From στενάχω: στοναχή f. `id.' (ep. poet. Il.) with - αχέω, - αχῆσαι, - αχίζω, also w. ἐπι-, παρα- a.o. (ep. poet. Il.; besides, often as v.l., στεναχέω, - αχίζω); the o-vowel after στόνος (*στονή?), cf. also φορέω etc. (diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 231); with στοναχή cf. also καναχή, ταραχή a.o. (Schwyzer 498).Etymology: The fullgrade thematic στένω agrees in form and sense exactly with Skt. stanati `drone, thunder', Lith. stenù, Germ., e.g. OE stenan `moan, groan', IE *sténō. Thus στόνος = Russ. stón `groan, moan', Skt. abhiṣṭaná- `roaring thunder'; perh old parallel formations. Besides yotpresents: with full grade OCS. stenjǫ `στένω', with zero grade OE stunian, OWNo. stynja `id.' Athemat. ipf. Skt. stan (IE * sten-t); to this ipv. stanihi after anihi, rudihi a.o. A riming word or an old s-less byform is Aeol. τέννει στένει, βρύχεται H., (may be from *sten(h₂)ye\/o- with Pinault 1981, 267) which may agree with Skt. tanyati `sound loudly, thunder'; tanyati cann however also contain a zero grade and is then to be identified with OE Þunian `sound, recound'. Whether the velar in στενάχω is genetically connected to the similar formation in OE stenecian `cough', OWNo. stan-ka `moan', is very doubtful; in any case στενάζω is to be sonsidered as a Greek innovation. -- Further forms, for Greek without interest, in WP. 2, 626 f., Pok. 1021, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. tonō, Fraenkel s. stenė́ti, Vasmer s. stenátь and stón; there also further lit.Page in Frisk: 2,789-790Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στένω
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