βρύχεται

βρύκω

bite: pres ind mp 3rd sg

βρῡχ-άομαι, [tense] aor. ἐβρυχησάμην, [dialect] Ep.

A

βρυχ- A.R.4.19

, Max.Tyr. 31.3, D.C.68.24, ([etym.] ἀν-) Pl.Phd. 117d; also ἐβρυχήθην (v. infr.): [dialect] Ep. [tense] pf.

βέβρῡχα Od.5.412

, al.: [tense] plpf.

ἐβεβρύχει 12.242

:—onomatop. Verb, roar, bellow, prop. of lions, acc. to Hsch. and Ammon.; of a bull,

ταῦρος ὣς βρυχώμενος S.Aj. 322

, cf. Ar.Ra. 823; of wild beasts,

δεινὸν δ' ἐβρυχῶντο Theoc.25.137

; of the elephant, Plu.Pyrrh.33: in Il. mostly of the death-cry of wounded men,

κεῖτο τανυσθείς, βεβρυχώς 13.393

; so βρυχώμενον σπασμοῖσι, of Hercules, S.Tr. 805, cf. 904; βέβρυχα κλαίων ib. 1072;

δεινὰ βρυχηθείς Id.OT 1265

; later, of an infant's wail, Men.1004;

κλαίων καὶ β. Alciphr.1.35

; also of the roaring of waves,

ἀμφὶ δὲ κῦμα βέβρυχεν ῥόθιον Od.5.412

, cf. Il.17.264;

ἀμφὶ δὲ πέτρη δεινὸν βεβρύχει Od.12.242

, cf. Aristid.Or.17(15).14; βρυχομένη (as if from βρύχομαι ) is required by the metre in Q.S. 14.484, cf. βρύχεται· μαίνεται, Hsch.; but βρυχῶνται, -ώμενος shd. be read in Hp.Morb.Sacr.1, Luc.DMar.1.4.

τένθω,

A v. τένδω. [full] τέννει· στένει, βρύχεται, Hsch. [full] τέννος· στέφανος ἐλάϊνος ἐρίῳ πεπλεγμένος, Id.

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to moan, to drone, to groan, to lament', also trans. `to mourn, to bewail' (ep. poet. Il., also late prose).

Other forms: rare - ομαι, only pres. a. ipf.

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἐπι-, μετα-, ὑπο-. Compp. e.g. ἀγά-στονος `moaning loudly, roaring' (Od. a.o.)

Derivatives: Expressive enlargements, partly metr. condit. (Schwyzer 105 w. lit., 736; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 112): 1. στεν-άζω, aor. - άξαι, fut. - άξω, also w. ἀνα-, ἐπι- a.o. (poet., also Hdt., D., LXX, Plu. a.o.). 2. στεν-άχω, - άχομαι, - αχέω, - αχῆσαι, - αχίζω, - αχίζομαι, also w. ἀνα-, ἐπι-, περι- a.o. (mostly ep. Il.); on the formation Schwyzer 702; nearest example ἰάχω (Risch 243) ?, not old disyll rootform (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,330). -- From στένω: 1. Στέν-τωρ m. PN (Ε 785; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 14 w. n. 1, Benveniste Noms d'agent 54). 2. στόνος m. `the moaning etc.' (ep. poet. Il.); στονό-εις ( στονόϜεσαν f. sg. Corc. VI<sup>a</sup>) `full of moaning, causing moaning, woeful' (ep. poet. Il.; untenable on Ω 721 Szemerényi Sprache 11, 13 ff.). From στενάζω: στεναγ-μός m. `the moaning, sighing (Pi., trag., Pl.) with - μώδης (Paul. Aeg.); - μα n. `id.' (S., E., Ar.) with - ματώδης (Gal.). From στενάχω: στοναχή f. `id.' (ep. poet. Il.) with - αχέω, - αχῆσαι, - αχίζω, also w. ἐπι-, παρα- a.o. (ep. poet. Il.; besides, often as v.l., στεναχέω, - αχίζω); the o-vowel after στόνος (*στονή?), cf. also φορέω etc. (diff. Porzig Satzinhalte 231); with στοναχή cf. also καναχή, ταραχή a.o. (Schwyzer 498).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1021] * sten- `groan'

Etymology: The fullgrade thematic στένω agrees in form and sense exactly with Skt. stanati `drone, thunder', Lith. stenù, Germ., e.g. OE stenan `moan, groan', IE *sténō. Thus στόνος = Russ. stón `groan, moan', Skt. abhiṣṭaná- `roaring thunder'; perh old parallel formations. Besides yotpresents: with full grade OCS. stenjǫ `στένω', with zero grade OE stunian, OWNo. stynja `id.' Athemat. ipf. Skt. stan (IE * sten-t); to this ipv. stanihi after anihi, rudihi a.o. A riming word or an old s-less byform is Aeol. τέννει στένει, βρύχεται H., (may be from *sten(h₂)ye\/o- with Pinault 1981, 267) which may agree with Skt. tanyati `sound loudly, thunder'; tanyati cann however also contain a zero grade and is then to be identified with OE Þunian `sound, recound'. Whether the velar in στενάχω is genetically connected to the similar formation in OE stenecian `cough', OWNo. stan-ka `moan', is very doubtful; in any case στενάζω is to be sonsidered as a Greek innovation. -- Further forms, for Greek without interest, in WP. 2, 626 f., Pok. 1021, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. tonō, Fraenkel s. stenė́ti, Vasmer s. stenátь and stón; there also further lit.

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