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101 κλᾰω
κλᾰ́ωGrammatical information: v.Meaning: `break, break off'Other forms: ( ἐνι-κλᾶν, κατ-έκλων) Il., aor. κλάσ(σ)αι, pass. κλασθῆναι (Il.), athem. ptc. ἀπο-κλά̄ς (Anacr. 17; cf. below), fut. κλάσω, perf. pass. κέκλασμαι (IA.),Derivatives: κλάσις `breaking' (IA.), κλάσμα `broken piece' (Att.) with κλασμάτιον (Delos IIIa), ἀνα-κλασμός `bending back' (Heliod.), κλάστης ἀμπελουργός H., also ὀστο-κλάστης (Kyran.) a. o., κλαστήριον `knife for clipping the vine' (Delos IIa u. a.); sec. κλαστάζω `clip the vine', metaph. `chastize' (Ar. Eq. 166); on the formation Schwyzer 706. - On κλών, κλωνός m. `sprout' (Att.) with the diminutives κλωνίον, - ίδιον, - άριον, - ίσκος (Thphr., hell. inschr., Gp.), further κλωνίτης `with sprouts' (Hdn.), κλῶναξ = `κλάδος' (H.), κλωνίζω `clip' (Suid.) see on κλάδος; not from *κλα-ών (Schwyzer 521; s. also 487 n. 3). On κλῶμαξ, ἀπόκλωμα below. - With diff. ablaut κλῆμα `twig (of the vine), tendril of the vine', κλῆρος ( κλᾶρος) `lot', κλῶμαξ `heap of stones' (s. vv.), ἀπόκλωμα. ἀπολογία ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον H. - Quite doubtful Κλαζομεναί PlN (Anatolia), acc. to Fraenkel KZ 42, 256; 43, 216 "where the waves break" (free imagination).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: The uniform verbale system, is based on κλᾰ(σ)-; it may be the result of simplification. Whether this started from a presens or an aorist cannot be decided because there are no non-Greek cognates; cf. the presentation in Schwyzer 676 a. 752 and in Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 354 (who considers the present κλάω as secondary against κλάσαι). In the isolated ἀπο-κλά̄ς an old athematic form (present or aorist? Schwyzer 676 a. 742) could have been preserved; but an analogical innovation (as after φθᾰ́σαι: φθάς?) cannot be excluded however. For the old passive κλασθῆναι one might think of κλαδ- (Schwyzer 761), but extension of an aorist-stems κλασ- combined with analogy is also possible (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 404f.). An old s-present *κλά[σ]-ω from IE. *kl̥-s-ō (Brugmann Grundr.2 2: 3, 342, Schwyzer 706) has no support. - The primary verbs of the other languages are completely deviant: Lith. kalù, kálti `forge, hammer' = OCS koljǫ, klati, Russ. kolótь `sting, split, hew' (full grade IE. * kolH-; on the meaning WP. 1, 438 and Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. v.); Lith. kuliù, kùlti (zero grade, IE. kl̥H-); Lat. per-cellō `smash' (basis uncertain). Further forms Pok. 545ff., W.-Hofmann s. clādēs. S. also κλαδαρός, κλάδος, κόλος etc. So no IE etym. It cannot comes from IE *klas- as this form cannot be made from IE. So prob. the word is of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 1,866-867Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλᾰω
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102 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
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103 κράτος
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. ἀ-κρατής `without strength, power (over others or over oneself)'; oppos. ἐγ-κρατής `having power over, controlling (oneself)' with ἐγκράτεια, - έω etc.; αὑτο-κρατής `having power over oneself, independent'; more usual αὑτο-κράτωρ `with unlimited power' (Ar., Th.); details in Debrunner FS Tɨèche (Bern 1947) 11f.; also - κρέτης in Aeol. and Arc. Cypr. PN, e. g. Σω-κρέτης.Derivatives: Beside κράτος, κρέτος there are several adjectives: 1. κρατύς `strong, powerful' (Hom.; only κρατὺς Άργεϊφόντης, verse-end) with κρατύνω, ep. also καρτ- `strengthen, conso;idate, rule' (Il.) with κρατυσμός `strenghtening', κρατυντήριος `id.', - τικός `id.' (medic.), κρατύντωρ `controller' ( PMag. Leid.). - 2. κρατερός (Il., A. Pr. 168, anap.), καρτερός (Il.) `id.' (IA.); also as 1. member, e.g. κρατερό-φρων (Il.). καρτερέω, also with prefix, e.g. δια-, `be steadfast, hold out, overcome onseself' (IA.) with καρτερία (Pl., X.), - ρησις (Pl.) `holding on, firmness', - ρικός (Att.); καρτερόω `strengthen' (Aq., Herm.). - 3. κραταιός `id.' (Il.), also as plant-name (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 82); rarely as 1. member, e.g. κραταιό-φρων ( PMag.). With κραταιότης = κράτος (LXX), κραταιόω `strengthen' (LXX, NT) with κραταίωμα, - ωσις (LXX). Fem. κραταιίς (Od.; Schwyzer 385). - 4. Primary comparison: comp. κρείττων, (Atticising) κρείσσων with sec. - ει- for κρέσσων (Ion., Pi.); Dor. κάρρων, Cret. κάρτων; denomin. κρειττόομαι `have excrescences', with κρείττωσις (Thphr.). sup. κράτιστος, ep. κάρτ-, (Il.), with - τεύω `be the best, surpass' (Pi., Att.); -( ε)ία as title, `highness' (pap.). -- 5. Adv. κάρτα `in a high degree, very' (Ion. and trag.). - 6. As 1. member often κραται- ( καρται-), e.g. κραται-γύαλος `with strong breast-pieces' (T 361). Further Κρατι-, Καρτι- in PN, e.g. Κρατί-δημος, Καρτί-νικος; also Κρατ(ο)-, Κρατε- a. o. (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 256). Hypocoristic short-names Κρατῖνος (Schwyzer 491, Chantraine Formation 205), Κρατύλος, Κράτυλλος (Leumann Glotta 32, 217 a. 225 A. 1), Κρατιεύς (Boßhardt Die Nom. auf - ευς 126). On Κρεσφόντης s. v. - 7. Verb: κρατέω (Il.), Aeol. κρετέω, aor. κρατῆσαι (posthom.), κρέτησαι (Sapph.), often with prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, κατα-, περι-, `controll, possess, rule, conquer'; with ( ἐπι- etc.) κράτησις `power, rule' (Th., LXX), ( δια-, ἐπι-) κρατητικός `controlling' (late), ( δια-)κράτημα `support, grip' (medic.); κρατητής `possessor' (Procl.); κρατῆρας τοὺς κρατοῦντας H. for κρατητῆρας (Lewy KZ 59, 182). But ἐγκρατέω from ἐγ-κρατής, ναυ-κρατέω, - τία from ναυ-κρατής etc.; s. above. καρταίνειν κρατεῖν H. -- 8. On κρατευταί s. v.Etymology: With the full grade in Aeol. κρέτος interchanges regularly the zero grade in κρατύς, κάρτα (on ρα: αρ Schwyzer 342). Through analogy arose both κράτος, κάρτος and the compp. κάρρων \< *κάρσ(σ)ων \< *κάρτι̯ων and κάρτων beside the old fullgrade κρέσσων \< *κρέτι̯ων; details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 53 ff. A zero grade of the σ-stem in κρέτος is supposed in Κρεσ-φόντης ( \< *Κρετσ-; Kretschmer Glotta 24, 237, Heubeck Beitr. z. Namenforsch. 5, 26). - The relation of the forms is not always clear. The adjective κρατερός, καρτερός may conrain a alternating ρ-stem (Benveniste Origines 17, Leumann Hom. Wörter 115), if it is not an analogical innovation to κράτος, κρατέω (e.g. Schwyzer 482). The form Κρατι-, Καρτι-, which appears only in PN, will not be old (like e.g. in κυδι-άνειρα: κῦδος), but rest on analogy (after Άλκι-, Καλλι- a. o.; Frisk Nom. 70). On κάρτα cf. e.g. τάχα, ἅμα. The 1. member κραται- may have been built after παλαι- a. o.; and κραταιός after παλαιός? (cf. Schwyzer 448). Diff. Risch 117: κραταιός back formation to κραταιή for *κράταια, fem. to κρατύς ( Πλαταιαί: πλατύς). Also κρατέω is discussed. Against the obvious explanation as denominative of κράτος (Schwyzer 724; κρατῆσαι only posthom.) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 113ff.; he assumes in κρατέω a backformation to ἐπικρατέω from ἐπι-κρατής (Hom. only adv. ἐπικρατέως). Again diff. Specht KZ 62, 35 ff. - An exact agreement to κράτος etc. is not found. Close are Skt. krátu- m. `power, mind, will', Av. xratu- m. `id.'. The objections that the Indo-Ir. word indicates primarily spiritual qualities ar refuted by OE cræft ` Kraft, physical strength, power', also `insight, craft etc.'. The Germanic word for `hard', Got. hardus etc., which is usually adduced, differs in vowel (IE *kortú- against *kr̥tú- to * kret-). - Cf. Mayrhofer KEWA s. krátuh.Page in Frisk: 2,8-10Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράτος
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104 κρέας
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `meat, piece of meat'.Other forms: Gen. κρέως (sec. κρέατος; Attica 338a); Pl. nom. κρέᾰ (Il., innovation; very uncertain κρέατα Od.), gen. κρεῶν (IA.), also κρειῶν (Hom.; prob. for κρεέων), κρεάων (h. Merc. 130; Zumbach Neuerungen 3), dat. κρέασι (Il.), also κρέεσσι (Orac. ap. Hdt. 1, 47), κρεάεσσι (late Ep.).Dialectal forms: Dor. κρῆςCompounds: As 1. member usually κρεο- (after the ο-stems), e.g. κρεο-κοπέω `cut meat' (A., E.), also κρεω- (after γεω-, λεω- a. o.) as v. l. and e.g. in κρεω-δαίτης `meat-distributor' (Phld.), κρε-άγρα `meat-pincer' (Ar.; elision, from κρεο-), κρεᾱ-νόμος, - έω, - ία `distributing meat' (E., Is., hell.; after ἀγορᾱ-νόμος; after this κρεᾱ-δοτέω, - σία), κρεη-φαγέω `eat meat' (Hp., analogical beside κρεο-φ.). Details on the inflexion Schwyzer 516, Sommer Μνήμης χάριν 2, 145 ff., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 209 f.; on the form of the 1. member Solmsen Unt. 23 n. 1. Rarely as 2. member: πάγ-κρεας `sweetbread, pancreas' (Arist., medic.), γλυκύ-κρεος `with sweet meat' (Sophr.) a. o.Derivatives: Diminut. κρεᾳδιον (IA.), κρεΐσκος (Alex. 189), κρεύλλιον (Theognost.); with κρεώδης `meaty' (Arist., Thphr.), κρεῖον `butcher' stall' (I 206; H. κρήϊον), after ἀγγεῖον a.o.; not with Specht KZ 62, 230 n. 2 and Ursprung 126 from *κρέϜι-ον with old i-stem; quite uncertain κρηστήριον (Attica IVa).Etymology: But for the accent κρέας can be identical with Skt. kravíṣ- n. `raw flesh'; basis * kreuh₂s- n. Wrong Benveniste Origines 31. Skt. krūr-á- `raw, bloody' \< * kruh₂-ro-. Beside it Skt. kravyám n. `raw flesh' = OPr. krawian n., Lith. kraũjas m. `blood' (all *kreuh₂-i̯-); with diff. ablaut e.g. OCS krъvь f. `blood' (* kruh-i-). - More forms Pok. 621f., W.-Hofmann s. cruor, crūdus, cruentus, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kraũjas, Vasmer Russ. et.Wb. s. krovь.See also: S. auch κρύος.Page in Frisk: 2,11-12Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρέας
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105 κρείων
κρείων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `ruler, prince' (Il.)Derivatives: f. κρείουσα (X 48), κρέουσα (B.) `ruler (fem.), princess'; PN Κρέων, - ουσα (posthom.), Patron. Κρειοντιάδης (Τ 240).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [618] *ḱreiH- `be resplendent'Etymology: As word of the poetic high language certainly inherited. As in other words (Schwyzer 526) the ντ-inflexion (after ἄρχων, μέδων a. o.) may have replaced an older ν-stem. As ep. κρείων can have metr. lengthening for κρέων, it can be identified with an Indo-Iran. comparative, Av. srayah-, Skt. śréyas- (e sec. for a). The basis was a noun, Av. srī-, Skt. śrī- f. `magnificence, riches, splendour, fame'. The soc. comparative meaning is no objection, as it is secondary against the absolute function (śréyas- prop. `who possesses in high degree the śrī- '); Benveniste Noms d'agent 121 ff. - Extensively Osthoff MU 6, 93 f., 102 f., 115f. (rejected by Seiler Steigerungsformen 120f.); cf Gonda KZ 73, 153f. ( εὑρὺ κρείων: Skt. pr̥thu-śrī- `with broad śrī-'). Cf. Narten, ZVS 100 (1987) 270-96, who points out that the oldest Greek forms must be those in PN in - κρέων e.g. Φιλο-, Cyprus; therefore the relation with the Indo-Ir. comp. must be given up. Peters. Miscellanea lingu. graeco-latina 106-8 starts from the idea of `be brilliant' and connects Skt. srī- `beauty'.Page in Frisk: 2,12Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρείων
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106 κρομπος
Grammatical information: ?Meaning: `a piece of land'Other forms: with sec. vowel κορομπος ( Schwyzer 664, 12; 16, only dat. sg. - ποι; Orchom. in Arcad., 369a).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Fraenkel IF 41, Anz. 21 f. considers a meaning `fold, trough, cleft', which would make possible connection with OHG hrimfan `wrinkle, curb', OCS krǫpъ `small', Lith. krumplys `finger-knuckle' etc. (Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kremblỹs, Pok. 948f.) Most words are Germ. or Balto-Slav., so non-IE? - Fur. 381 considers the word as Pre-Greek because of the anaptyctic vowel (see pp.378-385).Page in Frisk: 2,24Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κρομπος
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107 κτάομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `acquire, win', perf. `possess'.Other forms: Ion. ipf. ἐκτέετο (as v. l. Hdt. 8, 112), aor. κτήσασθαι (Il.), pass. κτηθῆναι (Th., E.), fut. κτήσομαι (posthom.), perf. ἔκτημαι, κέκτημαι (Hes., Att.),Derivatives: Also from the prefixcompp. (here not specif. noted): 1. Dat.pl. κτεάτεσσι (Hom., Pi., E.), sg. κτέαρ (hell.) `(acquired) goods, possessions, property' with κτεατίζω `acquire' (Il.), κτεατισμός (Man.; cod. κτεαν-). - 2. κτέανα n. pl., sec. a. rare - ον sg. `id.' (Hes., also Hp.), φιλο-κτεανώτατε voc. (A 122; Sommer Nominalkomp. 69), πολυ-κτέανος (Pi.). On κτεάτεσσι and κτέανα s. below. - 3. κτήματα n. pl. (Il.), also sg. (ο 19), `goods, landed property', also `domestic animals' (Chantraine Rev. de phil. 72, 5ff.), with κτημάτ-ιον (Alkiphr., pap.), - ίδιον (pap. VIp), - ικός `rich' (hell.), - ίτης `id.' (Lycurg.; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 28); as 2. member a. o. in πολυ-κτήμων `rich in possessions' (Il.) with - μοσύνη (Poll.). - 4. κτήνεα, - νη n. pl., rarely - νος sg. `domestic animals' (esp. Ion., hell.), prob. directly from κτάομαι with νος-suffix (Chantraine Formation 420; very complicated hypothesis in Egli Heteroklisie 48 f.); from it κτηνηδόν `after the kind of animals' (Hdt.), κτηνύδριον (pap.); often as 1. member, e.g. κτηνο-τρόφος `cattle-keeper' (hell.). - 5. κτῆσις `acquisition, possession' (Il.; Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 82 ff.) with κτήσιος `regarding the possessions', Ζεὑς Κτήσιος as protector of possessions (IA.; Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 403 ff.); dimin. κτησ(ε) ίδιον (Arr.). - 6. κτεάτειρα f. `who possesses (fem.)' (A. Ag. 356), archaising after κτεάτεσσι a. o. for - κτήτειρα, - τρια (in προ-κτήτρια `former possessor', pap.) to κτήτωρ m. `possessor' (D. S., pap., Act. Ap.) with κτητορικός (pap.); details in Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 29f., 1, 183 n. 1, Schwyzer 474 n. 3. - 7. Φιλο-κτή-της PN (Il.), compound from φίλος and κτάομαι with τη-suffix; Att. Φιλοσκήτης (Kretschmer Glotta 4, 351). -8. Verbal adjectives: κτητός `to acquire, acquired' (I 408; Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1,14); usu. ἐπίκτη-τος `also acquired, newly acquired' (IA.); κτητικός `of what was acquired' (Att.), cf. Chantraine Ét. sur le vocab. grec 137. - 9. Unclear is ἀκτῆνες πένητες, ἠργηκότες (EM55, 11); after Solmsen Wortforsch. 143 prob. from *ἀ-κτη-ῆνες. Except the rare and relatively late attested present κτάομαι all forms have κτη-(ἔγκτασις hyperdoric after ἔμπᾱσις; s. πάσασθαι). Also κτεάτεσσι, κτέαρ go back to a heteroklitic *κτῆ-Ϝαρ, - Ϝατος; besides κτέανα as rest of the old oblique n-stem *κτη-Ϝαν-α, which gave sg. κτέανον, s. Schwyzer 519 n. 6, Egli Heteroklisie 32.Etymology: The oldcomparison with Indo-Iran. present Skt. kṣáyati = Av. xšayeiti, -te `rule, order, have power' is semantically unproblemtic, but formally already less convincing, as κτάομαι makes the inpression of being an innovation and the well established non-present forms of Greek have no Indo-Iran. agreements. A further problem was Skt. kṣáy-ati; this form does not continue *ksǝi̯eti; the solution is * ksH-ei-, which was unknown until recently; this solution can also be used to explain Skt. kṣa-trám - Av. xša-θ rǝm `rule'. The equation of κτάομαι `acquire' and Skt. kṣáyati is therefore less evident. Cf. LIV 334, 562; EWAia 426 -- Pok. 626.Page in Frisk: 2,31-33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτάομαι
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108 κτείνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Att. also κτείνυμι, - ύω, Aeol. κτέννω (Hdn.), fut. κτενῶ, ep. also - έω, κτανέω, aor. κτεῖναι, Aeol. κτένναι (Alc.), and κτανεῖν, ep. also κτάμεν(αι) and midd. -pass. κτάσθαι, pass. 3. pl. ἔκταθεν (ep.), hell. κταν(θ)ῆναι, perf. ἀπ-, κατ-έκτονα (Hdt., Att.), hell. also ἀπ-εκτόνηκα, - έκτα(γ)κα, pass. - εκτάνθαι Il.Compounds: As 2. member - κτόνος, e.g. πατρο-κτόνος `who kills his father' (trag.) with - κτονέω, - ία; rarely passive: νεό-κτονος `recently killed' (Pi.); simplex κτόνος (Zonar.) prob. from the compp.; also - κτασία, e.g. ἀνδρο-κτασία, usu. pl. - ίαι f. `murther of men' (Il.), as if from *ἀνδρό-κτα-τος, cf. below and Schwyzer 469.Etymology: The present κτείνυμι (incorrect - εινν- and - ινν-) with sec. full grade after ἔκτεινα ( δείκνυμι: ἔδειξα a. o.) stands for zero grade *κτά-νυ-μι, which agrees exactly to Skt. kṣa-ṇó-mi `injure' ( κτείνω `kill' therefore euphemistical; Chantraine Sprache 1, 143). Other agreements with Indian (and Iranian) are the aorist ἔ-κτα-το (Il.) = Skt. a-kṣa-ta (gramm.) and the ptc. *-κτα-τος (in ἀνδρο-κτασίαι a.o.; s. above) = Skt. á-kṣa-ta-, OP. a-xša-ta- `uninjured'. The Greek system seems further to be based on an athematic root aorist: 1. sg. *ἔ-κτεν-α, 3. sg. - ἔ-κτεν (cf. Gortyn. conj. κατα-σκένε̄ [with σκ for κτ, Schwyzer 326]), 1. pl. ἔ-κτᾰ-μεν, 3. pl. ἔ-κτᾰν; to this the present -κτέν-ι̯ω \> κτείνω, the aorist ἔκτᾰν-ον, ἔκτεινα. Further details in Schwyzer 697 u. 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 380f. a. 449f. - Cf. καίνω. - The root was prob. * tken-, Hardarsson, Stud. Wurzelaor. 186. - Against connection with Skt. akṣata Strunk, Nasalpräs. u. Aoriste 99 n. 265.Page in Frisk: 2,33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτείνω
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109 κῦδος
κῦδος, - εοςGrammatical information: n.Meaning: `fame, honour, glory, renown' (Il.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 196 ff.; also Greindl RhM 89, 220).Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. ἐπι-κυδής `famous' (Il.); very often PN, e.g. Φερε-κύδης, Κυδό-νικος (Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 269f.)Derivatives: Further with regular ι-, ρ-, ν-change: 1. κυδι-άνειρα f. conventional epithet, prop. "with renowned men', `in which partake renowned men' ( μάχη, after it ἀγορά, Il.; Schwyzer 447, 474; Sommer Nominalkomp. 181); with - ι- further κύδιμος `famous' (Hes., h. Merc., Pi.; Schwyzer 494f.). κυδιάω `boast, be proud' (Il., Hes. Sc., h. Cer [only ptc κυδιόων etc.], h. Hom. 30, 13 [ κυδιόωσι], A. R., Q. S. [ κυδιάασκον]), cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 359. - 2. κυδρ-ός `famous' (Il.) with κυδρότερος (Xenoph., B.) beside the primary κύδιστος (Il.; Seiler Steigerungsformen 76), κύδιον (E.); also κυδέστερος (Plb.) and κυδίστατος (Nic. Th. 3, voc. - τε for Il. κύδιστε). Late denomin. κυδρόομαι `boast' (Ael., Polyaen.). - 3. κυδαίνω, aor. κυδῆναι `honour, glorify' (Il.), also κυδάνω `glorify, boast' (Il.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,315); cf. also κυδνός = κυδρός (vv. ll. in Hes., IG 14, 2117) with sec. suffix-change. Here also κυδάλιμος = κυδρός (Il.), cross of *κυδαλέος and κύδιμος? (Arbenz Die Adj. auf - ιμος 27); κυδήεις, Dor. - άεις (AP, Man., Epid.; late analogical formation, cf. Schwyzer 527, Thieme Studien 71 n. 3); ὑπερ-κύδᾱς ptc., only - αντα(ς) `boasting' (Il.); prob. analogical, s. Schwyzer 526 n. 5, Schwyzer-Debrunner 518 n. 8, Risch 23 n. 189. Also the Demos-name Κυδαντίδαι? (Wackernagel Glotta 14, 54 = Kl. Schr. 2, 862).Etymology: With κῦδος is connected since Bezzenberger BB 27, 145 a Slavic word for `wonder', e.g. OCS, Russ. čúdo, gen. - ese, SCr. čȕdo, with the assumption of an ablaut * keuHdos-: *kuHdos \> *kūdos- (s. Porzig Gliederung 170). The Slavic noun is derived with d-suffix from a verb `learn, understand, hear', e.g. OCS čujǫ, čuti (with which also κοέω, s. v.); so čudo, κῦδος prop. "what was heard" like κλέος from ἔκλυον. Details in Pok. 587f., Vasmer Wb. s. čúdo and čúju, W.-Hofmann s. caveō. (Diff. on κῦδος Persson Beitr. 1, 188 n. 2: as "Ruf" to κῠδάζω). DELG doubts. - (On κυδρός a "gewagte Vermutung" in Wackernagel Berl. Sb. 1918, 411 (= Kl. Schr. 1, 330): to (Iran.) Σύδροι, people in Arachosia (prop. *"the famous one"), from where Skt. śūdrá- `member of the 4th caste'; cf. W.-Debrunner Aind. Gramm. 2: 2, 853 f.; cf. also Thieme KZ 69, 173 f. Mayrhofer refers to KEWA III 364f. and 798.)Page in Frisk: 2,40-41Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κῦδος
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110 λᾶας
Grammatical information: m. (late also f.),Meaning: `stone'; as GN (Laconia) Λᾱ̃ς and Λᾶ (Th., Paus., St.Byz. a.o.; acc. Λᾰ́ᾱν Β 585).Other forms: gen. etc. λᾱ̃-ος, -ι, - αν (-α Call.), pl. λᾶ-ες etc. (Il.); also as ο-stem λᾶος, - ου etc. (Hes.Fr. 115[?], S., Cyrene, Gortyn; details in Schwyzer 578),Compounds: Compp., e. g. λᾱ-τόμος (beside uncontracted or restored λαο-) `stone-cutter' with λᾱτομ-ίαι `quarry' (= Lat. lātomiae beside lautumiae \< *λαο-; s.W.-Hofmann s. v.), Arg., Syracus., hell. (Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 125f.); λα(ο)-ξό(ο)ς with λαξεύω etc. (Georgacas Glotta 36, 165 f.), λατύπος; as 2. member in κραταί-λεως (\< -*ληϜος or -*λᾱϜος; cf. below) `with hard rock' (A., E.), prob. also in ὑπο-λαΐς, - ίδος (H. also - ληΐς) f. name of an unknown bird (Arist.); cf. Thompson Birds s.v.; s. also 2. λαιός.Derivatives: λάϊγγες f. pl. `small stones' (Od., A. R.; on the formation Chantraine Formation 399; wrong Specht Ursprung 127; s. also below); λάϊνος, - ΐνεος `(of) stone' (Il.); uncertain λαιαί f. pl. (Arist.), λεῖαι (Gal.), sg. λεία (Hero) `the stones used as weights hanging from the upright loom'; unclear λαίεται καταλεύεται H. and λαυστήρ μοχθηρός... η οἴκου λαύρα, λαύστρανον τινες λύκον, τινες φρέατος ἅρπαγα H.; hypotheses by Jokl Rev. int. ét. balk. 1,46ff.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: On λαύρα and λεύω s. vv. The unique stemformation of λᾶας is unexplained. One supposes an old neuter with sec. transition to the masc. (fem.) after λίθος, πέτρος (Brugmann IF 11, 100 ff.). The further evaluation is quite uncertain. After Brugmann orig. nom.-acc. *λῆϜας (\< IE. *lēu̯ǝs-; on the full grade cf. λεύω and λεῖαι), gen., dat. etc. *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι (IE. *lǝu̯ǝs-os, -i) \> λᾶ-ος, -ι, to which analogically the nom. λᾶ-ας was formed. The simpler assumption, that only the vowellength in λᾶας (for older *λᾰ́Ϝας) was taken from (gen.) λᾶ-ος etc., is rejected by B. Metrical objections against a contraction of *λᾰ́Ϝᾰσ-ος, -ι to λᾶ-ος, -ι by Ruijgh l.c.; he prefers, with Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 211 to see in λᾶ-ος, -ι etc. an (unenlarged) consonant-stem λᾱϜ-. Who accepts these, not decisive, objections but also does not want to assume heteroclis, might assume a full grade monosyllabic oblique stem *λᾱϜσ- (beside *λᾰϜᾰσ-). The abandoning of the old σ-flection was anyhow connected with the gender-change. - Quite diff. Pedersen Cinq. decl. lat. 44ff. (with de Saussure Rec. 587 f.): λᾶας old masc. ablauting ā-stem: *λᾱϜᾱ-: λᾱϜ(ᾰ)- \< IE. * leh₂ueh₂-: *leh₂u̯(h₂)-; the supposed full grade -ā- (*- eh₂-) is however quite hypothetical, but it would nicely explain the absence of the root-vowel in the inflection; followed by Beekes, Origins (1985)15-17. - The word λᾶας was apparently unknown to Ion.-Attic (Wackernagel Hell. 9 f., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1,22; doubts in Björck Alpha impurum 69 and 76 n. 1); Ion.-Att. form shows κραταί-λεως (or only poetical analogy after λαός: Μενέ-λεως a.o.?); thus the free-standing λεύω (s. v.). Connections to λᾶας outside Greek are rare and not without doubt. First Alb. lerë, -a `stone, heap of stones, stony plain, rockslope' from IE. *lā̆uerā (Jokl Rev. int. et. balk. 1, 46ff.; to λαύρα?, s.v.); Illyr. PN Lavo f. prop. "which belongs to the rock (stone)" (from * lava `stone'; Krahe ZNF 19, 72; Spr. d. Illyr. 1,69 f.). One considers further the orig. Celtic Lat. lausiae f. `small stones from stone-cuttings', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. The suffixal agreement between λάϊγγες and OIr. līe, gen. līac (\< Celt. *līu̯ank-; cf. Pok. 683 against Loth Rev. celt. 44, 293; also Lewy Festschr. Dornseiff 226 f.) is no doubt accidental. Further uncertain combinations in Bq, WP. 2, 405 ff., W.-Hofmann s. lausiae. - For Aegaean origin also Chantraine Formation 421, Güntert Labyrinth 5,9. - Since the Myc. form shows that there was no -w- in the form, we must assume *lāh- (but not from *lās-, as the -s- would have been retained. Hence the relation to λεύω, λαύρα has become quite unclear. See Heubeck, IF 66 (1961) 29-34. Fur. 329 compares λέπας; he considers (n. 53) λαίνθη λάρναξ λιθίνη Cyr. as proof of Pre-Greek origin.Page in Frisk: 2,64-66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λᾶας
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111 λάβδα
Grammatical information: n. indecl.Meaning: the eleventh letter of the Greek alphabet (Att.); later (with sec. nasal) λάμβδα (Ar., Arist. as v. l.).Derivatives: λαβδακισμός m. `special use or pronunciation of the λ' (Quint.); cf. on ἰωτακισμός s. ἰῶτα.Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Sem.Etymology: From Semit.; cf. Hebr. lāmedh. Gr. λαβδ- agrees with Sem. lamb-; Schwyzer 140 n. 2, 826; Schulze Kl. Schr. 283 f. Doubts in Kretschmer Glotta 6, 307.Page in Frisk: 2,66Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάβδα
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112 λαγγάζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `slacken' (Antiph., Phot., AB [= ἐν- δίδωμι]); λαγγάζει ὀκνεῖ, οἱ δε λαγγεῖ; λαγγάσαι περιφυγεῖν H.Derivatives: Other formations in H.: λαγγεύει φεύγει, λαγγανώμενος περιϊστάμενος, στραγγευόμενος (cf. Schwyzer 700γ), λαγγαρεῖ ἀποδιδράσκει (correct?). - λαγγών ( λάγγων?) ὁ εὑθὺς λανθάνων τοῦ ἀγῶνος καὶ τοῦ φόβου EM 554, 15 (cf. Chantraine Form. 160). - Also with - ο-: λογγάζω, λογγάσαι. s.v.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Expressive -popular words, which agree formally and semantically to Lat. langueō, - ēre `be faint, slack' (with sec. -u-) and like this can be understood as nasalized present formations to λαγά-σαι ( λαγαίω); cf. Kretschmer Glotta 11, 235 (to Bogiatzides Άρχ. Έφ. 27, 115ff.); partly diff. We must separate several Baltic words with the meaning `rock, sling, vacillate', e. g. Lith. langóti, lingúoti (WP. 2, 436); s. Fraenkel Wb. 331 (s. láigyti); thus Germ., e. g. OHG slinc ' link', Swed. etc. linka, lanka, lunka `limp, go slowly etc.', s. WP. 2, 713, Pok. 959f., W.-Hofmann s. langueō. Same problem as λαγαίω, s.v. Does the form with - ο- point to Pre-Greek?Page in Frisk: 2,68-69Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγγάζω
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113 λαγχάνω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `obtain by lot (office, complains), obtain one's portion' (on the meaning Debrunner Mus. Helv. 1, 36ff.) (Od.)Other forms: aor. λαχεῖν (Il.), causat. λελαχεῖν (Il.), perf. λέλογχα (λ 304), λέλᾰχα (Emp.), εἴληχα (A., Att.), fut. λάξομαι (Hdt.), λήξομαι (Pl.), pass. perf. εἴληγμαι, aor. ληχθῆναι (Att.),Derivatives: 1. With old o-coloured full grade: λόγχη f. `share' (Ion.; on the acc. cf. Schwyzer 459 b 1); with εὔ-λογχος = εὔ-μοιρος (Democr.) with εὑλογ\<χ\> εῖν εὑμοι-ρεῖν H. 2. With zero grade: λάξις `portion, share (of land)' (Hdt., Miletus), Άπόλαξις (Eretria); Λάχεσις f. name of one of the Moirai, also appellat. `share, lot' (Hes., Pi.; after γένεσις? Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 93, Porzig Satzinhalte 336f.; cf. esp. Νέμεσις and Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 51 n. 1); younger formations λάχος n. `lot, share' (Thgn., Pi., A.; also Arc.) and λάχη ( λαχή?) f. `id.' (A. Th. 914, H.); cf. on λαχαίνω; PN Λάχης, - ητος m. (Th.); λαχμός = λάχος `id.' (Sch., Eust.). 3. With sec. full grade (cf. below): λῆξις ( σύν-, διά-, ἀντί-) `drawing (lot), lot, i. e. written complaint' (Att.). To the old λέλογχα, λόγχη and λαχεῖν, λάξις arose after εἴληφα, λήψομαι, λῆψις ( λαγχάνω: λαμβάνω, λαχεῖν: λαβεῖν) as innovations εἴληχα, λήξομαι, λῆξις etc.Etymology: No certain agreement. Quite doubtful hypothesis by Mayrhofer ZDMG 105, 181 n. 2 (S. 182; after Thieme): to Skt. lakṣá- `stake' (: λάχος as vatsá-: Ϝέτος; but λάχος is innovation). On earlier attempts s. Bq. - A notable agreement with Λάχεσις is Messap. Logetibas (dat.pl.), to which Λάγεσις θεός. Σικελοί H.; it must be an old loan; cf. Krahe Arch. f. Religionswiss. 30, 393ff., Kretschmer Glotta 12, 278ff.; on the o-vowel also Krahe Glotta 17, 102 n. 2.Page in Frisk: 2,69-70Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγχάνω
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114 λάξ
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `with the foot' (Il.);Compounds: as 1. member in λακ-πατέω (for λαξ-π.; Schwyzer 324) `tread (with the foot), trample underfoot' (Pherecr. 136, S. Ant. 1275 as v. l.; cf. λεω-πάτητος s. λεῖος); isolated (as sec. backformation) subst. = λάκτισμα (H.), `sole of the foor' (sch. A. R. 2, 106), s. Thierfelder SächsAbh. 43: 2, 42 A.3.Derivatives: λάγ-δην = λάξ (S. Fr. 683, 3). Denomin. verbs. 1. λακτίζω, also with prefix, e. g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, `kick with the foot, the hoof' (Od.); rather after the verbs in - τίζω as with Schwyzer 620 from *λακτι; from it λάκτισμα (A., S.; λάκτιμα pap., H.; Schwyzer 217, Arbenz 105), ( ἐκ-)λακτισμός (H.) `treading, pushing'; - ιστής `who kicks with the foot' (X.), - ιστική, sc. τέχνη (in boxing; late). 2. λάξας = λακτίσας (Lyc. 137; λάζειν ἐξυβρίζειν H.) with λαχμός = λακτισμός (Antim.); λάκτις f. `pounder' (Call., Nic.; or backformation from λακτίζω?; on the formation Schwyzer 270).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Formed as πύξ, γνύξ, ὀδάξ a. o. (Schwyzer 620, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 250); not certainly explained. Semantically adequate is the connection with Lat. calx `heel'; λάξ then from *κλάξ dissimilated? (Schulze BerlSb. 1921, 295 = Kl. Schr. 259; also Specht Glotta 31, 128 n. 1). Diff. Bezzenberger BB 4, 318f.: to Lith. lakstùs `fleeting, stormy', lekiù, lẽkti `fly, run', to which also (Fick 1, 539, Bechtel Lex. s. λακτίζω) ληκᾶν τὸ πρὸς ᾠδην ὀρχεῖσθαι H.; further ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι πατάξαι H. and several expressions for `limbs etc.', e. g. Lat. lacertus `upperarm' (Bq, WP. 2, 420f., Pokorny 673, Fraenkel Wb. s. lẽkti, Vasmer Russ. et. Wb. s. letétъ). The last group must anyhow be kept separated for the meaning; also the Lith. words and ληκᾶν deviate strongly semantically. Remain ληκῆσαι, λακῆσαι; the interpretation πατάξαι can be interpreted in diff. ways. - The word for `salmon', OHG lahs etc., adduced by Paul WuS N. F. 2, 40 ("the swift one, the jumper"), has a palatal ḱ (Russ. losósъ) and annot therefore be ombined with Lith. lakstùs. - No good IE etym; is it Pre-Greek? See on ὀδάξ.Page in Frisk: 2,82-83Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λάξ
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115 λέων
λέων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `lion' (Il.), dat. pl. also λείουσι (Il.; metr. length., cf. Schwyzer 571, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102),Dialectal forms: Myc. instr. rewopi \/lewomphi\/, rewotejo \/lewonteios\/Compounds: Compp., e.g λεοντό-πους `lionfooted' (E., inscr.) with λεοντο-πόδιον plantname (Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 42), χαμαι-λέων `lizard, `Chamaileon' (Arist.; Risch IF 59, 256), also as plantn. (Thphr., Dsc.; because of the changing colour, Strömberg 110); on - λέων, - λέωνος in PN (second.) Bechtel Hist. Personenn. 277. Cf. on λεό-παρδος.Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: λεόντ-ιον (Theognost. Can., Med.), - άριον (inscr., pap.), also as f. PN (Epicur), - ίς `lion-like ornament' (Lydia), - ιδεύς `young lion' (Ael., Boßhardt 126). 2. λεοντέη, - τῆ f. `lion skin' (IA.). - 3. Adj. λεόντ-ειος `of a lion, lionlike' (A., Theoc., AP), ; - ώδης `lionlike' (Pl., Arist.), - ικός `of a lion' (Porph.), - ιανός `born under the sign of a lion' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 4. Adv. λεοντ-ηδόν `like a lion' (LXX; Schwyzer 626). - 5. λεοντ-ιάω with - ίασις name of a disease (medic.; after ἐλεφαντ-ιάω, - ίασις). - 6. PN Λεοντ-εύς, - ίας etc., s. Boßhardt 72, Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 276 f., Namenst. 36. - Fem. λέαινα `lioness' (Hdt., A., Ar.). Acc. to λέαινα λέων was like δράκων a. o. orig. an n-stem (diff Specht KZ 63, 221: sec. loss of dental in λέαινα).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] SemitXEtymology: LW [loanword] of unknown source; Hebr. lābī', Assyr. labbu, Egypt. labu are rather diff. phonetcally. From λέων Lat. leō, - ōnis (n-stem Lat. innovation); from there direct or indirectly the Europ. forms like OIr. leon (gen. pl.), OE. lēo, OHG lewo (from there Slav., e.g. Russ. lev, with Lith. lẽvas), second. louwo (\> Latv. laũva), Löwe. Details in W.-Hofrnann s. leō, Vasmer Wb. s. lev, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 18 f. - On itself stands λῖς ( λίς; on the acc. Berger Münch. Stud. 3, 6 f.), acc. λῖν m. `lion' (Il.; Schwyzer 570f.), already by Pott and Benfey compared with resembling Hebr. lajiš `lion'.Page in Frisk: 2,113Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέων
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116 μίτυλος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: adjunct of αἴξ (Theoc. 8, 86), meaning uncertain, acc. to H. μίτυλον ἔσχατον, νήπιον. Λακεδαίμονες, μύτιλον ἔσχατον, ἀφ' οὗ καὶ τὸν νεώτατον. οἱ δε καὶ τὸ ἀποβαῖνον ( ?) καὶ ὁ νήπιος καὶ ὁ νέος; see Leumann Gl. 32, 217 w. n. 6 (Kl. Schr. 244).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Usu. explained as `hornless' and connected with μιστύλλω (s.v.); through metathesis μύτιλος (cf. Schwyzer 268). If we follow the reverse interpretation, μύτιλος would be original (= Lat. mutilus, s. W.-Hofmann s.v.) and μίτυλος sec. Also an orig. *μύτυλος with dissimilation could be imagined; similar cases by Specht KZ 61, 277ff., also Schwyzer 258. The similarity with the PN Μυτιλήνη ( Μιτυλ-) is prob. irrelevant (cf. W.-Hofmann s. mūtulus).Page in Frisk: 2,246Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μίτυλος
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117 νίζω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `wash, bathe'.Other forms: - ομαι (Il.), analog. νίπτω (Men., NT), - ομαι (v. l. σ 179, Hp.), aor. νίψαι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. νιφθῆναι (Hp.). fut. νίψω, - ομαι (Od.), pass. νιφήσομαι (LXX), perf. midd. νένιπται (Ω 419), νένιμμαι (Ar.).Derivatives: 1. νίπτρον ( ἀπό-), mostly pl., n. `water for washing' (trag., Ar.), ποδάνιπτρα pl. (- ον) through syllabledissim. from *ποδ-απόνιπτρον (to be rejected Bechtel Lex. s.v.), second. ποδό-νιπτρον, `water for washing one's feet' (Od.); besides ποδανιπτήρ m. (sec. ποδο-) `washing basin for one's feet' (Stesich., Hdt., inscr.), νιπτήρ m. `washing basin' (Ev. Jo.); 2. κατανίπ-της m. `washer', who washes the peplos of Athene Polias (AB, EM; 3. ( ἀπό-, κατά-)νίμμα n. `washing water'; 4. ( ἀπό-, ἔκ-)νίψις f. `washing' (Plu., medic.). On the forms in gen. Wackernagel Syntax 2, 187. -- On χέρνιψ s. v.Etymology: From νίψαι, νίψω (from where second. νίπτω) it follows that for νίζω the basis was a zero grade yot-present IE *nigʷ-i̯ō, which is also retained in Celt., OIr. nigim `wash'. Sankrit has a full grade athematic reduplicated formation né-nek-ti `washes' with zero grade niddle ne-nik-té. The sigmatic aorist is also in Sanskrit represented by middle nik-ṣ-i (1. sg.), beside which with regular lengthened grade act. a-naik-ṣam. Greek abandoned ablaut completely and generalized the zero grade ( νίψω, νίμμα etc.). Formal agreement show the privative verbal adj. ἄ-νιπ-τος and Skt. nik-tá- `washen', OIr. necht `pure'. An isolated verbal noun seems preserved in Germ., e.g. OHG nihhus, nichus `river-monster, waterghost', f. nihhussa, NHG. Nix, Nixe, PGm. *nik-u̯es-, * nik-us-; Lat. pollingō `wash the corpses' prob. remains far, s. W.-Hofmann s.v. -- Further details in WP. 2, 322, Pok. 761, Mayrhofer s. nénekti and niktáḥ.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νίζω
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118 νῶτον
Grammatical information: n.Compounds: Compp., e.g. νωτο-φόρος `carrying om the back', m. `bearer', n. `beast of burden' (X., hell.) with - έω, - ία (D. S.); ποικιλό-νωτος `with motley back' (Pi., E.)Derivatives: Adj. νωτ-ιαῖος (Hp., Pl., E.; Chantraine Form. 49), also - αῖος (Nic.), - ιος (Ti. Locr.) `belonging to the back', f. - ιάς (Hp.). Subst. νωτιδανός m. `kind of shark' (Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 530), also ἐπινωτιδεύς `id.' (Epaen. ap. Ath. 7, 294 d; explanation uncertain, s. Thompson Fishes s.v.; diff. Strömberg Fischnamen 49f.; cf. also Bosshardt 86); νωτεύς m. `beast of burden' (Poll., H.; Bosshardt l.c.). Verb νωτίζω, also w. prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ἐπι-, `turn one's back, cover one's back, besmear, beat on the back' (trag.; cf. Kretschmer Glotta 5, 287) with νώτισμα n. `cover of the back' = `wing' ( Trag. Adesp.).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No certain cognates. One compares since Curtius 320 Lat. natis, natēs, gen. pl. - ium f. `the buttock', s. W.-Hofmann s.v. with further attempts at connection.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νῶτον
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119 ὀϊζύ̄ς
ὀϊζύ̄ςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `bale, wailing, suffering' (Il.).Other forms: οἰζύ̄ς (trag., Herod.), - ύος.Compounds: πάν-οιζυς `consisting of nothing but wailing, filled with wailing' (A. in lyr.).Derivatives: ὀϊζῡ-ρός (- ρώτερος, - ρώτατος metr. length., Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102 a. 258), sec. οἰζῠρός `woeful, miserable, poor' (ep. ion. Il., Ar.); ὀϊζύω (ῡ̆), aor. - ῦσαι `to wail, to suffer'.Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations].Etymology: Expressive word, finally from the interj. οἴ (Ion. ὀΐ after Ar. Pax 933), prob. through a verb οἴζω, ὀΐζω (only A.D. Adv 128, 7 ff.). Wrong explanations by Bq, Brugmann IF 29, 209, Schwyzer Glotta 5, 197 (cf. WP. 1, 667 n.). -- Cf. οἰμώζω and οἶκτος.Page in Frisk: 2,359Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀϊζύ̄ς
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120 ὀμίχλη
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `fog' (Il., A., Ar., X.);Other forms: (Att. ὁ- w. sec. asp., cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 187).Compounds: ἀν-όμιχλος `without fog' (Arist.).Derivatives: ὀμιχλ-ώδης `hazy' (hell.), - ήεις `id.' (Nonn.). - όομαι (hell.), - αίνω (Lyd.) `to become vapour'.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [712] *h₃migh-lā `fog'Etymology: Identical with a Balto-Slav. word for `fog', e.g. Lith. miglà, OCS mъgla f., IE * mighlā (ὀ- prothet., suffix as in νεφέλη); beside this old l-formation (to which also Dutch dial. miggelen `missle') stands partly a zero grade rootnoun in Skt. mih- f. `fog', partly a fullgrade o-stem, e.g. Skt. meghá- m. `cloud'; IE * migh- resp. * moigho-. More forms in WP. 2, 247, Pok. 712, Fraenkel s. miglà, Vasmer s. mglá; see also Porzig Gliederung 161 a. 169 f. -- To be kept separate ὀμείχω `irinate' a. cogn. (IE *h₃meiǵh-, with palatal). On ἀμιχθαλόεσσα s.v. (also Ruijgh L'élém. ach. 145).Page in Frisk: 2,387Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀμίχλη
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sec — sec, sèche [ sɛk, sɛʃ ] adj. et n. m. • v. 980 « desséché »; lat. siccus, sicca I ♦ (Concret) 1 ♦ Qui n est pas ou est peu imprégné de liquide. ⇒ desséché. Feuilles sèches. Bois sec. « demandez de la pluie; nos blés sont secs comme vos tibias »… … Encyclopédie Universelle
sec — sec, sèche (sèk, sè ch ) adj. 1° Qui a peu ou qui n a pas d humidité. 2° Qui n est plus frais. 3° Que l on a fait sécher, que l on a rendu moins humide 4° Qui n est pas mouillé, n est pas moite. 5° Vin sec, vin qui n a rien de liquoreux … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
sec — sec·a·lin; sec·a·lose; sec·a·mo·ne; sec; sec·a·teur; Sec·co·tine; sec·o·barbital; sec·odont; Sec·o·nal; sec·ond·ar·i·ly; sec·ond·ar·i·ness; sec·ond hand·ed·ness; sec·ond·ly; sec·ond·ness; sec·re·taire; sec·re·tar·i·al; sec·re·tar·i·at;… … English syllables
sec — SEC, [s]eche. adj. Qui participe de celle des quatre premieres qualitez qui est opposée à humide. Les philosophes considerent la terre comme estant froide & seche, & le feu comme estant chaud & sec. l esté a esté fort sec. il fait un temps bien… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
sec — SEC, SEÁCĂ, seci, adj. 1. Lipsit de apă; care a secat, s a uscat. Albia seacă a unui râu. ♦ (Despre locuri) Lipsit de umezeală; p. ext. arid, neproductiv. ♢ Tuse seacă = tuse uscată, fără expectoraţie. Timbru (sau sigiliu) sec = urmă de ştampilă… … Dicționar Român
Seč u Nasavrk — Seč … Deutsch Wikipedia
SEC Rule 10b5-1 — is an administrative rule [http://www.sec.gov/rules/final/33 7881.htm enacted] by the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2000. The SEC states that Rule 10b5 1 was enacted in order to resolve an… … Wikipedia
Sec-Butyllithium — is the chemical compound with the formula CH3CHLiCH2CH3, abbreviated sec BuLi or s BuLi This organolithium reagent is used as a source of sec butyl carbanion in organic synthesis.Ovaska, T. V. s Butyllithium in Encyclopedia of Reagents for… … Wikipedia
SEC — abbrSecurities and Exchange Commission see also the important agencies section Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996. SEC … Law dictionary
Seč — ist der Name von Seč u Nasavrk, Stadt im Okres Chrudim, Tschechien Seč u Blovic, Gemeinde im Okres Plzeň jih, Tschechien Seč u Brandýsa nad Orlicí, Gemeinde im Okres Ústí nad Orlicí Seč (Slowakei), Gemeinde im Okres Prievidza, Slowakei Seč,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
SEC Rule 10b-5 — is one of the most important rules promulgated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, pursuant to its authority granted under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The rule prohibits any act or omission resulting in fraud or deceit in… … Wikipedia
