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1 αἴξ
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἴξ
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2 αἰγός
αἴξ, αἰγόςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `goat' rarely m. `he-goat' (Il.). Also a waterbird (Janzén [s. below] 17), a meteor (Arist.) and a star (Aratos).Compounds: αἰπόλος `goatherd' \< *αἰγ-πολος s. s.v. πέλω (cf. Meier-Brügger Gr. Sprachw. 1, 92). αἰγί-βοτος `browsed by goats' (Od.) Unclear αἰπόλος κάπηλος παρὰ Κυπρίοις H (see Leumann Hom. W. 271ff; to be rejected Latte's corr. ἀί- = ἀεί).Derivatives: αἰγίς `goatskin', q.v.;Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [13] *h₂eiǵ-Etymology: The compounds in - ι- are unexplained (unclear Heubeck IF 69 (1963) 13-21); old is in any case the type αἰπόλος. αἴξ is cognate with Arm. ayc `goat' (i-stem); see Clackson 88-90, who reconstructs, with Meillet, *h₂eiǵ-ih₂. Zero grade is mostly supposed in Av. ī̆zaēna- `of leather', but it is not certain that it refers to the skin of a goat. If the connection is correct, the word would be IE; the word is often considered as an Anatolian loanword in both Greek and Armenian. - See A. Janzén Bock und Ziege (GHÅ 43 [1937: 5]) 9ff.and EIEC s.v. - The gloss αἶγες τὰ κύματα, Δωριεῖς H. may be a metaphor, s. αἰγιαλός. In Greek geogr. names ( Αἰγαί, Αἰγαῖος, Αἴγινα etc.) we may have not the word for `goat', Sommer IF 55, 259f. (Pre-Greek), V. Burr Nostrum mare (Würzb. Stud. zur Altertumswiss.) Stuttgart 1932. Connection with * h₂eig- as `to jump' is rejected by Mayrhofer EWAia 1, 264 as éjati had a labio-velar (also it does not mean `jump'). Not to Skt. ajá- `goat'.Page in Frisk: 1,41-42Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > αἰγός
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3 ἄκμων
ἄκμων, - ονοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `anvil' (Il.), also `meteoric stone' (Hes. Th. 722), = οὑρανός η σίδηρον H., = ἀλετρίβανος (`pestle'), Κύπριοι H.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [19] *h₂eḱmōn `stone'Etymology: Old word for `stone', found in several languages: Skt. áśman- m. `stone, heaven(?)' (a stone vault?, Reichelt IF 32, 23ff., Fraenkel KZ 63, 183f., cf. ἄκμων `meteoric stone' and `heaven'); Av. asman- `stone, heaven', OP. asman- `heaven'; Lith. akmuõ, -eñs `stone' (with regular depalatalization before m; ãšmens `sharp side, edge' with aš- from other positions). - The relation of these words to OCS kamy, - ene `stone' and the Germanic group ON hamarr `hammer' (orig. of stone) is much discussed. One supposes the root aḱ- `sharp' in ἀκή etc. On these questions see the lit. in Mayrh. EWAia 1.137, e.g. Maher, JIES 1 (1973) 441ff. and EIEC 547.Page in Frisk: 1,54Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄκμων
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4 ἄλφι
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: `barley-groats' (h. Cer. 208), pl. ἄλφιτα (Il.), from which the sg. ἄλφιτον, in Hom. only in ἀλφίτου ἀκτή.Etymology: One assumes a plural *ἄλφατα from an i-n-stem as in Skt. ásth-i, asth-n-ás `bone', on the basis of ἀλίφατα ἄλφιτα η ἄλευρα H. But i\/n-stems are doubtful, and ἀλίφατα has been read as *ἀληφατα (Latte; cf. DELG, who compares ἀλήφατον ἄνθος ἐλαίης Peek, Grab-Epigramme 1897; the form would have been derived from ἀλέω.) - ἄλφι can be identical with Alb. elb, -i `barley' (from. * albhi), s. Demiraj. Further origin uncertain; perhaps PIE * h₂(e)lbh-i. - Here also Turc. arpa `barley', perhaps from an Iran. * arbi, Vasmer Stud. alb. Wortforsch. I, 1921, 16ff. - ἄλφι is mostly connected with ἀλφός (cf. λεύκ' ἄλφιτα Σ 560); "wenig wahrscheinlich", Demiraj. S. EIEC 51 with Iranian forms. On the meaning Moritz Class. Quart. 43, 1949, 113ff.See also:.Page in Frisk: 1,81Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄλφι
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5 ἄργυρος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `silver' (Il.).Compounds: As first member, e.g. ἀργυρό-πεζα (Il.), of Thetis etc. (acc. to Pisani Rev. ét. anc. 37, 145ff. `with a foot of siver' like Celt. Άργεντόκοξος.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [64[ *h₂erg̀- `white'Etymology: ἄργυρος from an u-stem, seen in ἄργυφος (q.v.) and in Skt. árju-na- `white, light', Lat. argū-tus etc.; cf. also Messap. argorian (: ἀργύριον), Krahe Sprache 1, 39. Other languages have an n-stem, Lat. argentum, Av. ǝrǝzatǝm and Skt. rajatám \< *h₂rǵn-to-, Gaul. arganto-(magus) (difficult Arm. arcat` (like erkat` `iron')). On silver s. EIEC.Page in Frisk: 1,133-134Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἄργυρος
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6 γαλέη
γαλέη, γαλῆGrammatical information: f.Compounds: γαλε-άγκων (Arist.), also γαλι-άγκων (Hp.; after the many first members in -ι: ἀργι-, κυδι- etc.; s. below), prop. `with weaselarms', i. e. `with short upperarm', cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 225f.; γαλεό-βδολον n. "weaselstench", `dead nettle', substant. bahuvrihi, = γαλήοψις "weaseleye" (Dsc.); on the names Strömberg Pflanzennamen 138f., Lehmann IF 21, 193 A. 1. Denom. γαλιάω = ἀκολασταίνω "ce qui serait sémantiquement satisfaisant"(?) DELG.Derivatives: γαλιδεύς `young weasel' (Crat.), after λυκ-ιδεύς etc. (Chantr. Form. 364; s. below); γαλεώτης `gecko lizard' (Ar.), `weasel' (Luc.); on the formation s. Schwyzer 500; also `swordfish' (Plb.), cf. s. γαλεός. - On γαλεός s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The formation of γαλέη shows that the word originally indicated the skin, cf. ἀλωπεκ-έη etc. (Chantr. Form. 91), cf. Lat. galea below. The basis is unknown. One compares Lat. glīs `dormouse' and Skt. giri-, girikā f. `mouse' (lexic.; prob. it did not exist, Mayrhofer EWAia1, 488; γαλ-ιδεύς, γαλι-άγκων do not prove a Greek ι-stem, s. above). γαλ- could be * glH-, and Lat. glīs perhaps * glHi- (Schrijver, Laryngeals 242), but this remains uncertain. γαλέη must not be IE. On the IE word (*ḱormen-_) see Pok. 573, EIEC 638 - Not to Welsh bele `weasel' (pace Schwyzer 299; cf. W.-Hofmann s. fēlēs). - The original meaning `weasel-skin' in Lat. galea `leather helmet', cf. κυνέη prop. `dog-skin'. - From γαλέη also Ital. galea, -ia, Dutch galei etc., a ship (for its speed); cf. γαλία εἶδος πλοίου λῃστρικοῦ H.; cf. also Germ. Galeere; but see H. and R. Kahane, FS Wartburg 1958, 428-439: rather form γαλεός `shark' with the comment of Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 663 s.v. γαλέη: as Lat. galea also means `vessel', this word could have been used as `ship'. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer, 414.Page in Frisk: 1,284-285Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαλέη
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7 γαλῆ
γαλέη, γαλῆGrammatical information: f.Compounds: γαλε-άγκων (Arist.), also γαλι-άγκων (Hp.; after the many first members in -ι: ἀργι-, κυδι- etc.; s. below), prop. `with weaselarms', i. e. `with short upperarm', cf. Solmsen Wortforsch. 225f.; γαλεό-βδολον n. "weaselstench", `dead nettle', substant. bahuvrihi, = γαλήοψις "weaseleye" (Dsc.); on the names Strömberg Pflanzennamen 138f., Lehmann IF 21, 193 A. 1. Denom. γαλιάω = ἀκολασταίνω "ce qui serait sémantiquement satisfaisant"(?) DELG.Derivatives: γαλιδεύς `young weasel' (Crat.), after λυκ-ιδεύς etc. (Chantr. Form. 364; s. below); γαλεώτης `gecko lizard' (Ar.), `weasel' (Luc.); on the formation s. Schwyzer 500; also `swordfish' (Plb.), cf. s. γαλεός. - On γαλεός s.v.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: The formation of γαλέη shows that the word originally indicated the skin, cf. ἀλωπεκ-έη etc. (Chantr. Form. 91), cf. Lat. galea below. The basis is unknown. One compares Lat. glīs `dormouse' and Skt. giri-, girikā f. `mouse' (lexic.; prob. it did not exist, Mayrhofer EWAia1, 488; γαλ-ιδεύς, γαλι-άγκων do not prove a Greek ι-stem, s. above). γαλ- could be * glH-, and Lat. glīs perhaps * glHi- (Schrijver, Laryngeals 242), but this remains uncertain. γαλέη must not be IE. On the IE word (*ḱormen-_) see Pok. 573, EIEC 638 - Not to Welsh bele `weasel' (pace Schwyzer 299; cf. W.-Hofmann s. fēlēs). - The original meaning `weasel-skin' in Lat. galea `leather helmet', cf. κυνέη prop. `dog-skin'. - From γαλέη also Ital. galea, -ia, Dutch galei etc., a ship (for its speed); cf. γαλία εἶδος πλοίου λῃστρικοῦ H.; cf. also Germ. Galeere; but see H. and R. Kahane, FS Wartburg 1958, 428-439: rather form γαλεός `shark' with the comment of Szemerényi, Gnomon 43 (1971) 663 s.v. γαλέη: as Lat. galea also means `vessel', this word could have been used as `ship'. Ahrweiler, Byzance et la mer, 414.Page in Frisk: 1,284-285Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γαλῆ
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8 κηρός (2)
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `wax' (Od.).Compounds: Often as 1. member, e. g. in κηρό-δε-τος `with wax fitted together' (Theoc. a. o.), κηρο-πλάσ-της `wax-sculptor' (Pl.), κηρο-τακ-ίς f. "hot plate", (to keep wax paints hot) ( PHolm. 6, 33; cf. Lagercrantz ad loc.); as 2. member e. g. in πισσό-κηρος m. `propolis, a mix of resin and wax, with which bees line their hives, bee-bread' (Arist., Plin.; beside it κηρό-πισσος `ointment from wax and resin' [Hp.], cf. Risch IF 59, 58), μελί-κηρος `bee-wax' (pap.); beside it: μελι-κήρ-ιον `honeycomb' (Sm.), μελι-κηρ-ίς `id.', metaph. `cyst or wen' (which resembles a honeycomb) (Hp., pap.), μελί-κηρᾰ f. `spawn of the murex' (Arist.).Derivatives: 1. κηρίον `wax-cake, honeycomb' (IA. h. Merc. 559; Zumbach Neuerungen 11) with κηρίδιον (Aët.), κηριώδης `honeycomb-like' (Thphr.), κηρίωμα `tearing eyes' (S. Fr. 715), κηριάζω `spawn', of the purple (snail), as its spawn resembles a honeycomb (Arist.). - 2. κήρινος `of wax' (Alcm., Att.) with κηρίνη (sc. ἔμπλαστρος) name of a plaster (medic.); 3. κήρινθος m. `bee-bread' (Arist., Plin., H.; on the identical GN s. v. Blumenthal ZONF 13, 251); 4. κηρίων, - ωνος `wax-candle, -torch' (Plu., Gal.; Chantraine Formation 165, Schwyzer 487); 5. κηρών, - ῶνος `bee-hive' (sch.); 6. κηρίς fish-name = κιρρίς? (Diph. Siph., Alex. Trall.; s. κιρρός), prob. after the yellow colour; cf. Strömberg Fischnamen 20f., Thompson Fishes s. v.; 7. κηρῖτις ( λίθος) `wax-like stone' (Plin. HN 37, 153: "cerae similis"; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 55); 8. *κηροῦσσα in Lat. cērussa `white-lead' ( Plaut.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v. and Friedmann Die jon. u. att. Wörter im Altlatein 94f.). - Denominative verbs: 1. κηρόομαι, - όω `be covered with wax resp. cover' (Hp., Herod., AP) with κήρωσις `bee-wax' (Arist.); κήρωμα `wax-ointment, -plaster' (Hp.; cf. Chantraine Formation 186f., Lat. cērōma), - ματικός, - ματίτης, - ματιστής (Redard 47); κηρωτή `id.' (Hp., Ar., Dsc.) with κηρωτάριον `id.' (medic.); 2. κηρίζω `look like wax' (Zos. Alch.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: The connexion by Curtius 149 with a Baltic word for `honeycomb', Lith. korỹs, Latv. kâre(s), is rejected or doubted by several scholars (Osthoff Etym. parerga 1, 18ff., Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. korỹs, Specht Ursprung 52). As a Dor. *κᾱρός cannot be shown (Osthoff l. c.) and as borrowing of IA. κηρός in another language cannot be demonstrated, the comparison seems impossible (Lith. has IE.ā, the Greek form ē). As further for the Indoeuropeans bee-culture can hardly be expected (on IE. names for the products of bees s. on μέλι and μέθυ), one must reckon for κηρός with foreign origin (cf. Haupt Actes du 16éme congr. des orientalistes [1912] 84f., Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 140f., Chantraine Formation 371, Deroy Glotta 35, 190, Alessio Studi etr. 19, 161ff., Belardi Doxa 3, 210). - From κηρός prob. as LW [loanword] Lat. cēra (-a after tabella, crēta; details in W.-Hofmann s. v.); from Lat. cēreolus Gr. κηρίολος `wax-candle' (Ephesos IIp). The word κήρινθος `bee-bread' seems Pre-Greek. Wrong Huld in EIEC 637Page in Frisk: 1,843-844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κηρός (2)
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