201a

αἶσχος, εος, τό,

A shame, disgrace, Hom. (freq. in pl., as Il.3.242), Hes.Op. 211, Sol.3, A.Supp. 1008, etc.

2 in pl., disgraceful deeds, Od.1.229.

II ugliness, deformity, of mind or body, Pl.Smp. 201a, X.Cyr.2.2.29, etc. ;

αἶ. περὶ τὴν κάτηξιν Hp.Art.14

;

αἶ. ὀνόματος Arist.Rh. 1405b8

.

βούλομαι ([dialect] Ep. also [full] βόλομαι, q. v.), [dialect] Dor. [pref] βώλ- (q. v.), [dialect] Aeol. [pref] βόλλ- (v. βόλομαι), Thess. [pref] βέλλ- IG9(2).517.20, [dialect] Boeot. [pref] βείλ- ib.7.3080, [pref] βήλ- SIG1185.18 (Tanagra, iii B. C.), [dialect] Locr.and Delph. [pref] δείλ- IG9(1).334.3, GDI2034.10, Coan, etc. [pref] δήλ- (q. v.), [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 2sg.

A

βούλεαι Od.18.364

, Hdt.1.11: [tense] impf.

ἐβουλόμην Il.11.79

, etc.;

ἠβουλόμην E.Hel. 752

, D.1.15, etc.; [dialect] Ion. [ per.] 3pl. ἐβουλέατο codd. in Hdt.1.4, 3.143: [tense] fut.

βουλήσομαι A.Pr. 867

, S.OT 1077, etc.; later [tense] fut. βουληθήσομαι v.l. in Aristid.Or.48(24).8, Gal.13.636: [tense] aor. ἐβουλήθην, also ἠβ- (v. infr.),

βουληθείς S.OC 732

, IG22.1236, etc., but [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. subj. [ per.] 3sg. βούλεται (from Βόλς-ε-ται) Il.1.67: [tense] pf.

βεβούλημαι D.18.2

; also βέβουλα ([etym.] προ-) Il.1.113 ( ἐβέβουλε dub. in Epigr. in Berl.Sitzb.1894.907):— forms with augm. ἠ- are found in [dialect] Att. Inscrr. from 300 B.C. onwards, as IG22.657, al., and occur frequently in Mss. as ἠβούλοντο v.l.in Th. 2.2, 6.79,

ἠβούλου Hyp.Lyc.11

; said to be Ionic in An.Ox.2.374.— An [voice] Act. βούλητε ( = βούλησθε ) Mitteis Chr.361.10 (iv A. D.):—will, wish, be willing, Hom., etc.: usu. implying choice or preference (cf. IV) opp. ἐθέλω 'consent',

εἰ βούλει, ἐγὼ ἐθέλω Pl.Grg. 522e

, cf. R. 347b, 437b;

ἐὰν βούλῃ σὺ.. ἐὰν θεὸς ἐθέλῃ Id.Alc.1.135d

;

ἂν οἵ τε θεοὶ 'θέλωσι καὶ ὑμεῖς βούλησθε D.2.20

;

οὔτ' ἀκούειν ἠθέλετ' οὔτε πιστεύειν ἐβούλεσθε Id.19.23

; but ἐθέλω is also used = 'wish', λέξαι θέλω σοι, πρὶν θανεῖν, ἃ βούλομαι, E.Alc. 281 (so

ἐθέλω εἰπεῖν Pl.Prt. 309b

, but

φράσαι τι βούλομαι Ar.Pl. 1090

): Hom. uses βούλομαι for ἐθέλω in the case of the gods, for with them wish is will: ἐθέλω is more general, and is sts. used where βούλομαι might have stood, e.g. Il. 7.182.—Construct.: mostly c. inf.,

Τρώεσσιν ἐβούλετο κῦδος ὀρέξαι 11.79

, etc.; sts. c. inf. [tense] fut., Thgn.184; c. acc. et inf., Od.4.353, and freq. in Prose: when βούλομαι is folld. by acc. only, an inf. may generally be supplied, as καί κε τὸ βουλοίμην (sc. γενέσθαι) Od.20.316; ἔτυχεν ὧν ἐβούλετο (sc. τυχεῖν) Antiph.18.6; πλακοῦντα β. (sc. σε λέγειν) Id.52.11; καὶ εἰ μάλα βούλεται ἄλλῃ [Ποσειδάων] (sc. τοῦτο γενέσθαι) Il.15.51; so εἰς τὸ βαλανεῖον βούλομαι (sc. ἰέναι) Ar.Ra. 1279; βουλοίμην ἄν (sc. τόδε γενέσθαι) Pl.Euthphr.3a.

2 in Hom. of gods, c. acc. rei et dat. pers., Τρώεσσιν.. ἐβούλετο νίκην he willed victory to the Trojans, Il.7.21, cf. 23.682: later c. acc., τὸ βουλόμενον τὴν πολιτείαν πλῆθος that supports the constitution, Arist.Pol. 1309b17.

II [dialect] Att. usages:

1 βούλει or βούλεσθε folld. by Verb in subj., βούλει λάβωμαι; would you have me take hold? S.Ph. 761; βούλει φράσω; Ar.Eq.36, cf. Pl.Phd. 79a, R. 596a; ποῦ δὴ βούλει ἀναγνῶμεν; Id.Phdr. 228e.

2 εἰ βούλει if you please, S.Ant. 1168, X.An.3.4.41; also εἰ δὲ βούλει, ἐὰν δὲ βούλῃ, to express a concession, or if you like, Pl.Smp. 201a, etc.;

εἰ μὲν β., φρονήσει, εἰ δὲ β., ἰσχύι Id.R. 432a

.

3 ὁ βουλόμενος any one who likes, Hdt.1.54, Th.1.26, etc.;

ἔδωκεν ἅπαντι τῷ βουλομένῳ D.21.45

; ὁ β. the 'common in former', Ar. Pl. 918 (whence, in jest, βούλομαι ib. 908); ὅστις βούλει who or which ever you like, Pl.Grg. 517b, Cra. 432a.

4 βουλομένῳ μοί ἐστι, c. inf., it is according to my wish that.., Th.2.3;

εἰ σοὶ β. ἐστὶν ἀποκρίνεσθαι Pl.Grg. 448d

; also

τὰ θεῶν οὕτω βουλόμεν' ἔσται E.IA33

; τὸ κεἰνου βουλόμενον his wish, ib. 1270; but with pass. sense, τὸ β. the object of desire, Luc.Am.37, Plu.Art.28.

5 τί βουλόμενος; with what purpose? Pl.Phd. 63a, D.18.172;

τί βουληθεὶς πάρει

;

S.El. 1100

.

III mean, Pl.R. 362e, 590e, etc.; τί ἡμῖν βούλεται οὗτος ὁ μῦθος; (folld. by β. λέγειν ὡς ..) Id.Tht. 156c;

τί β. σημαίνειν τὸ τέρας D.H.4.59

; βούλεται εἶναι professes or pretends to be, Pl.R. 595c;

β. τὸ ὄνομα ἐπικεῖσθαι Id.Cra. 412c

; freq. in Arist., τὸ ἀκούσιον βούλεται λέγεσθαι οὐκ εἰ .. EN 1110b30; β. ἄσωτος εἶναι ὁ ἕν τι κακὸν ἔχων ib. 1119b34; β. ὁ πρᾶος ἀτάραχος εἶναι ib. 1125b33; tend to be,

ἡ τοῦ ὕδατος φύσις β. εἶναι ἄχυμος Id.Sens. 441a3

; β. ἤδη τότε εἶναι πόλις ὅταν .. Id.Pol. 1261b12, cf. 1293b40; ἡ φύσις β. μὲν τοῦτο ποιεῖν πολλάκις, οὐ μέντοι δύναται ib. 1255b3, cf. GA 778a4, al.

2 to be wont, X.An.6.3.18.

IV folld. by ἤ .., prefer, for βούλομαι μᾶλλον (which is more usu. in Prose), βούλομ' ἐγὼ λαὸν σόον ἔμμεναι ἢ ἀπολέσθαι I had rather.., Il.1.117, cf. 23.594, Od.3.232, 11.489, 12.350;

β. τὸ μέν τι εὐτυχέειν.. ἢ εὐτυχέειν τὰ πάντα Hdt.3.40

; β. παρθενεύεσθαι πλέω χρόνον ἢ πατρὸς ἐστερῆσθαι (for πολὺν χρόνον, μᾶλλον ἤ ..) ib. 124, cf. E.Andr. 351; less freq. without ἤ.., πολὺ βούλομαι αὐτὴν οἴκοι ἔχειν I much prefer.., Il.1.112, cf. Od.15.88. (g[uglide]el-g[uglide]ol-, cf. the dialectic forms.)

δῐκᾱνικός, ή, όν,

I of persons, skilled in pleading, Pl.Grg. 512b, Tht. 201a, X.Mem.1.2.48, etc.: in bad sense, lawyer-like, pettifogging,

σμικρὸς τὴν ψυχὴν καὶ δ. Pl.Tht. 175d

.

II belonging to trials, judicial,

λόγοι Isoc.13.20

; ῥημάτιον δ. law-term, Ar. Pax 534; ἡ-κή (sc. τέχνη) forensic oratory, Pl.R. 405a, Arist.Rh. 1371a7; μετὰ δικανικήν after serving as advocate, Epigr.Gr.919;

τὸ δ. S.E.M.2.89

;

τὰ δικανικά Arist.Rh. 1354b23

.

2 in bad sense, savouring of the law-courts,

φορτικὰ μὲν καὶ δ. Pl.Ap. 32a

;

ὡς μακρὸν τὸ ἐνύπνιον καὶ δ. Luc.Somn.17

. Adv.

- κῶς Charito 5.4

.

ζητ-έω, [dialect] Dor. part. [full] ζάτεισα Theoc.1.85: [tense] impf. ἐζήτουν, [dialect] Ep. [ per.] 3sg.

A

ζήτει Il.14.258

(nowh. else in Hom.): [tense] aor. 1

ἐζήτησα Isoc.16.14

: [tense] pf.

ἐζήτηκα Din.2.19

:—[voice] Med., [tense] aor. 1 ἐζητησάμην ([etym.] ἀν-) Longus Prooem.2:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ζητηθήσομαι S.E.P.1.60

, M.8.16; but ζητήσομαι in pass. sense, ib.1.28, Gal.1.649:—seek, seek for, ἐμὲ δ' ἔξοχα πάντων ζήτει Il.l.c.;

ζ. πημάτων ἀπαλλαγάς A.Pr. 318

, cf. 264;

εὑρήσεις ζητῶν Ar.Pl. 105

; μὴ ζητῶν without seeking, X.Ages. 8.1; τὸ ζητούμενον ἁλωτόν what is sought for may be found, S.OT 110.

2 mquire for,

τὰ πινάκια καὶ τὰ γραμματ εῖα IG12.91.11

;

τοὺς ἄρχοντας X.An.2.3.2

: with relat. clause,

ὅτου δέοιτο ὁ Κῦρος Id.Cyr. 8.5.13

.

3 search after, search out,

τὸν αὐτόχειρα S.OT 266

;

μεγάλοις μηνύτροις ἐζητοῦντο οἱ δράσαντες Th.6.27

; of huntsmen,

ζ. τὸν λαγώ X.Cyn.6.25

.

4 search or inquire into, investigate, examine, of philosophical investigation,

ζ. τὰ θεῖα X.Mem.1.1.15

;

ζ. καὶ ἐρευνῶ κατὰ τὸν θεόν Pl.Ap. 23b

;

ζητουμένης ἀρετῆς ὅ τι ἐστίν Id.Men. 79d

; τὸ ζητούμενον the matter of inquiry, the question, Id.Tht. 201a, Arist. Top. 110a7, Str.2.1.18, A.D.Adv.188.13; also of judicial inquiry,

ζ. περὶ ἀδικημάτων Din.1.8

; ζήτησιν τὴν ὑπέρ τινος ζ. ib.10; ἔνοχος εἶναι τοῖς ζητουμένοις ib.55: generally,

ζ. πότερον.. ἤ Pl.Phlb. 27c

;

ζ. πρὸς ἐμαυτόν Luc.Lex.17

.

5 require, demand,

τῶν πράξεων παρὰ τοῦ στρατηγοῦ τὸν λόγον ζητοῦντες D.4.33

: metaph., ὁ περικράνιος ὑμὴν.. τὴν ἐπιδιαίρεσιν ζ. requires the opening up of the wound, Heliod. ap. Orib.46.7.3.

II seek after, desire,

ἀμήχανα E.Alc. 203

;

ἐμοὶ ζητῶν ὄλεθρον S.OT 659

; of natural tendencies,

ὁ θερμὸς ὕφαμμον χώραν ζητεῖ Thphr.HP8.11.8

:—[voice] Pass.,

ζητούμενος

sought after, in great demand,

PMag.Par.1.3086

,3114.

2 c. inf., seek to do, ἐκμαθεῖν τι ζ. Hdt.3.137, A.Pr. 776;

μεταλαβεῖν Ar.Pl. 370

. cf. Pl.Prt. 322b, Men. 90e, SIG372.7 (Samothrace, iii B.C.): c. [tense] fut. inf.,

ζητεῖς ἀναπείσειν Ar.Pl. 573

codd. (sed leg. - πείθειν): c. acc. et inf., seek or desire that, Pl.R. 443b, Chrm. 172c.

III have to seek, feel the want of,

ἵνα μὴ ζητέοιεν σιτία Hdt.1.94

;

Νέρωνα Plu.Galb.8

:—[voice] Pass.,

ζητούμενος οἷς ἀπέλειπες Epigr.Gr.215.3

([place name] Rhenea).

κάλλος, εος, [dialect] Att. ους, τό, ([etym.] καλός)

A beauty, esp. of body, Il.9.130, 20.235, etc.;

κάλλεΐ τε στίλβων καὶ εἵμασιν 3.392

;

κάλλεϊ καὶ Χάρισι στίλβων Od.6.237

;

περί τ' ἀμφί τε κ. ἄητο h.Cer. 276

: in a concrete sense, as though external to the body,

κάλλεϊ μέν οἱ πρῶτα προσώπατα καλὰ κάθηρεν ἀμβροσίῳ, οἵῳ Κυθέρεια Χρίεται Od.18.192

: freq. i<*> Trag. and Prose,

γυναῖκε.. κάλλει ἀμώμω A.Pers. 185

;

κ. σώματος Democr.105

; opp. αἶσχος, Pl.Smp. 201a: in a general sense,

τῶν ἔργων τῷ μεγέθει καὶ τῷ κάλλει Χαλεπὸν ἐξισῶσαι τοὺς ἐπαίνους Isoc.12.36

;

Χώρη κάλλεϊ καὶ ἀρετῇ μέγα ὑπερφέρουσα Hdt.8.144

, cf. Pl.Chrm. 157e, D.S.1.30; of ships, Th.[3.17];

ἀρετὴ ἂν εἴη κ. ψυχῆς Pl.R. 444d

; τὸ τῶν μαθημάτων κ. Id.Grg. 475a; ἐς κάλλος with an eye to beauty, so as to set off her beauty, E.El. 1073; οὐ γὰρ ἐς κ. τύχας δαίμων δίδωσιν so as to regard beauty or show, Id.Tr. 1201; ὁ εἰς κ. βίος, opp. αἰσχρουργία, X. Ages.9.1;

ἐς κ. ζῆν Id.Cyr.8.1.33

; but ἐς κ. κυνηγετεῖν hunt for pleasure, Arr.Cyn.25.9: in pl., σωμάτων κάλλη, opp. ψυχῶν ἀρετή, Pl. Criti. 112e.

2 concrete, of persons,

κ. κακῶν ὕπουλον S.OT 1396

; of a bird, Clitarch.21 J. codd.; mostly of women, a beauty,

τὴν θυγατέρα, δεινόν τι κάλλος καὶ μέγεθος X.Cyr.5.2.7

;

Γαλάτεια, κάλλος Ἐρώτων Philox.8

(nisi leg. θάλος)

; Ἑλένη καὶ Λήδα καὶ ὅλως τὰ ἀρχαῖα κάλλη Luc.DMort.18.1

, cf. Im.2.

3 in pl., beautiful things, as garments and stuffs,

ἐν ποικίλοις.. κάλλεσιν βαίνειν A.Ag. 923

; βάπτειν τὰ κ. Eup.333, cf. Pl.Phd. 110a, Poll.7.63, Hsch. s.v.;

κυπαρίττων ὕψη καὶ κάλλη Pl.Lg. 625c

;

μεγέθεσιν κάλλεσίν τε ἔργων Id.Criti. 115d

, etc.; τὰ κ. τῆς ἑρμηνείας beauties of style, Longin.5.1 (also in sg., τὸ κ. τῆς ἑρμ. D.H.Comp.3); κάλλεα κηροῦ beautiful works of wax, i.e. honeycombs, AP9.363.15 (Mel.);

κάλλη τοιαῦτα καὶ τοσαῦτα ἱερῶν D.3.25

; κ. οἰκοδομημάτων, = καλὰ οἰκοδομήματα, Plu.2.409a, cf. 935a, D.C.65.15.

4 Pythag. name for six, Iamb.in Nic. p.34 P.

περισυν-άγω,

A gloss on ἀφροίζω, Sch.E.Hec. 1139 :—[voice] Pass., gloss on ἀμφαγέρονται, Sch.Opp.H.3.231 ; περισυνηγμένων collected from all round, gloss on παντοδαπῶν, Sch.Them.Or.16.201a.

σκέψις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] σκέπτομαι)

A viewing, perception by the senses, ἡ διὰ τῶν ὀμμάτων ς. Pl.Phd. 83a; observation of auguries, Hdn.8.3.7.

II examination, speculation, consideration,

τὸ εὕρημα πολλῆς σκέψιος Hp. VM4

, cf. Pl.Alc.1.130d; βραχείας ς. Id.Tht. 201a; νέμειν σ. take thought of a thing, v.l. in E.Hipp. 1323; ἐνθεὶς τῇ τέχνῃ ς. Ar.Ra. 974;

σ. ποιεῖσθαι Pl.Phdr. 237d

;

σ. προβέβληκας Id.Phlb. 65d

;

σ. λόγων Id.R. 336e

; σ. περί τινος inquiry into, speculation on a thing, Id.Grg. 487e, etc.;

περί τι Id.Lg. 636d

;

ἐπὶ σκέψιν τινὸς ἐλθεῖν X. Oec.6.13

.

2 speculation, inquiry,

ταῦτα ἐξωτερικωτέρας ἐστὶ σκέψεως Arist.Pol. 1254a34

; ἔξω τῆς νῦν ς. Id.Ph. 228a20; οὐκ οἰκεῖα τῆς παρούσης ς. Id.EN 1155b9, etc.

3 hesitation, doubt, esp. of the Sceptic or Pyrthonic philosophers, AP7.576 (Jul.); the Sceptic philosophy, S.E.P.1.5; οἱ ἀπὸ τῆς ς. the Sceptics, ib. 229.

4 in politics, resolution, decree,

συνεδρίον Hdn.4.3.9

, cf. Poll.6.178.

ἐμπόδ-ιος, ον,

A at one's feet, Pl.Tht. 201a; coming in the way, meeting, Eleg. ap. Plu.Rom.21.

2 commonly, in the way, presenting an obstacle, impeding, c. dat. pers. et rei,

ἡ Βαβυλών οἱ ἦν ἐ. Hdt.1.153

, cf. 2.158, 5.90;

ἐ. κώλυμα E. Ion 862

(lyr.);

εἰ τοῦτ' ἐ. σοι Ar. Lys. 531

, etc.;

ἐ. ταῖς ἐνεργείαις Arist.EN 1175b2

;

ἐ. τινὶ πρός τι Id.Mu. 399b12

.

3 c. gen. rei,

εἰρήνης Th.1.139

;

ἐ. γίγνεσθαι τοῦ μὴ ἀσκεῖν Pl.Lg. 832b

: c. inf.,

μὴ.. ἐ. γένηται θέσθαι τι Th.1.31

.

4 ὅπῃ ταύτῃ ἀρετὴ ἀσκεῖται πάντῃ ἐ. Pl.R. 407c.

5

ἐ. πρός τι Arist.EN 1170b27

, Pol. 1311a18, Plb.4.81.4, Hierocl. in CA11p.441M.

ἔκφορ-ος, ον,

A exportable, f.l. for ἐκφορά, Ar.Pl. 1138.

2 to be made known or divulged,

εἰ δ' ἔ. σοι ξυμφορὰ πρὸς ἄρσενας E.Hipp. 295

;

οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἔ. λόγος Pl.La. 201a

; cf.

ἐκφορά 1.2

.

3 carried astray, Plu.2.424a; ἵππος ἔ. a runaway horse, Gal.5.510.

4 ἔκφορα, τά, produce of the earth, Antipho Soph.60.

II [voice] Act., carrying out:—in A.Eu. 910 τῶν δυσσεβούντων ἐκφορωτέρα is not, more ready to carry them out to burial (v.

ἐκφορά 1

), but rather, more ready to weed them out, as a gardener does noxious plants ( ἀνδρὸς φιτυποίμενος δίκην, in next line).

2 blabbing, betraying secrets, Ar.Th. 472.

3 = εὐέκφορος (quod fort. leg.),

γυναῖκες Arist.Fr. 283

.

4 expressive,

κίνησις ἔ. τινος Chrysipp.Stoic.3.112

.

III as Subst., ἔκφοροι, οἱ, reefing-ropes,= τέρθριοι, Sch.Ar.Eq. 438, Phot. s.v. ἡνιόχους.

ἔν-στᾰσις, εως, ἡ, ([etym.] ἐνίσταμαι)

A origin, beginning,

τῶν ὅλων πραγμάτων Aeschin.2.20

;

τοῦ πολέμου Plb.4.62.3

;

πραγμάτων Ph.2.75

; institution of legal proceedings,

τὴν ὅλην ἔ. τοῦ ἀγῶνος Aeschin.1.132

.

2 ἔ. βίου a way of life, D.L.6.103, cf. Jul.Or.6.201a.

3 institution of an heir, Cod.Just.1.2.25 Intr., PMasp.151.274 (vi A. D.); inheritance, ib.312.55 (vi A. D.).

II in Medic., lodgement,

λίθων Aret.CD2.3

.

2 impaction, obstruction,

ὄγκων Asclep.

ap. Gal.10.101, Herod.Med. ap. Orib.5.30.5, etc.: generally, interference,

ὀνύχων Iamb.Protr.21

.ιθ'.

III in Logic, objection to an argument,

ἔ. πρότασις προτάσει ἐναντία Arist.APr. 69a37

, cf. Top. 157a35, Rh. 1402a31, Hermog.Inv.3.6, etc.

2 generally, opposition, Plb.6.17.8 (pl.), Ph.2.60.

3 prosecution,

ἐν μολποῖς SIG 633.66

(Milet., ii B. C.).

4 χαλεπὴ ἔ. difficult situation, IG12(5).509.4 (Seriphos, iii/ii B. C.).

IV ([etym.] ἐνίστημι) winding up an engine, Ph.Bel.61.21, 57.41 (nisi leg. ἔντασις).

V impact, interference of an object of vision, Placit.4.13.2, Plot.4.5.2.

μέσος, η, ον (Hom.+). The distinction between ‘middle’ and ‘among’ for μ. is sometimes rather fluid, and some of the passages here cited may fit equally well under 1 or 2.

① pert. to a middle position spatially or temporally, middle, in the middle.

ⓐ as adj. (of intermediate terms: Pla., Rep. 330b, Pol. 303a) ὁ μέσος αὐτῶν ἀνήρ the man in their midst, apparently surrounded by them Hs 9, 12, 7. μέσης νυκτός at midnight (3 Km 3:20.—B-D-F §270, 2; Rob. 495; Lobeck, Phryn. p. 53; 54; 465) Mt 25:6. ἡμέρας μέσης at midday (Jos., Bell. 1, 651, Ant. 17, 155) Ac 26:13. εἰς μέσην τὴν οἰκοδομήν into the middle of the building Hs 9, 7, 5; cp. 9, 8, 2; 4; 6 (cp. Philo, Fuga 49 εἰς μέσον τὸν ποταμόν; Jos., Ant. 4, 80 εἰς μέσον τὸ πῦρ). ἐσταύρωσαν … μέσον τὸν Ἰησοῦν they crucified Jesus between (them) J 19:18. ἐσχίσθη τὸ καταπέτασμα μέσον the curtain was torn in two Lk 23:45 (cp. Artem. 4, 30 τὸ ἱμάτιον μέσον ἐρρωγέναι). ἐλάκησεν μέσος Ac 1:18 (cp. Aristoph., Ran. 955). ἐν μέσοις τοῖς ὀργάνοις τοῦ διαβόλου in the midst of the tools of the devil 2 Cl 18:2 (for the syntax cp. Gen 2:9 ἐν μέσῳ τῷ παραδείσῳ).

ⓑ as subst. neut. τὸ μ. the middle (on the absence of the art. s. B-D-F §264, 4; cp. Rob. 792) ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) ἀνὰ μέσον τῶν ὁρίων within or through the region Mk 7:31. ἀνὰ μ. αὐτῶν between them GPt 4:10; Hs 9, 2, 3; 9, 15, 2. ἀνὰ μ. ἐκκλησίας ἁγίων B 6:16; 4:10; διακρῖναι ἀνὰ μ. τοῦ ἀδελφοῦ between one (congregation) member and another 1 Cor 6:5 (s. ἀνά 1b. Perh. μέσος prompted a shortening of the sentence tending to obscurity; cp. the Stoic expr. μέσα καθήκοντα = καθήκοντα ἃ ἐν μέσῳ ἐστὶ κατορθωμάτων κ. ἁμαρτημάτων: MPohlenz, D. Stoa II ’49, 73f). τὸ ἀρνίον τὸ ἀ. μ. τοῦ θρόνου the lamb who is (seated) on the center of the throne Rv 7:17. ἀνὰ μ. τῆς ὁδοῦ (they made) half their journey GJs 17:3.—διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν through the midst of them (X., An. 1, 4, 4; Aesop. Fab. 147 P.=247 H./201a Ch./152 [I, II] H-H.; Am 5:17; Jer 44:4; Jdth 11:19; 1 Macc 5:46; Ath. 18, 3 ‘between’) Lk 4:30; J 8:59 v.l. διὰ μέσον Σαμαρείας καὶ Γαλιλαίας Lk 17:11 prob. can only mean through Samaria and Galilee; but this raises a practical difficulty, since we should expect to find the provinces mentioned in the opposite order. Perh. the text is damaged (cp. the vv.ll. διὰ μέσου and μέσον; s. B-D-F §222; Rob. 648; JBlinzler, AWikenhauser Festschr. ’54, 46ff. If the v.l. διὰ μέσου Σ. καὶ Γ. should be correct, we could compare Maximus Tyr. 28, 4a διὰ μέσου πίστεως κ. ἀπιστίας=throughout between). For the view that μέσον signifies the area betw. S. and G. s. the comm. Cp. δια B1.—εἰς τὸ μέσον into the middle or center (X., Cyr. 3, 1, 6; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 24; 3 Km 6:8; Jos., Ant. 9, 149) Mk 3:3; Lk 4:35; 5:19; 6:8; J 20:19, 26 (ἔστη εἰς τὸ μέσον as Vi. Aesopi G 82 P.); Hs 9, 8, 5; also in the middle 9, 6, 1. W. gen. (X., An. 1, 5; 14a; Jer 21:4; 48:7; Sb 6270, 13) εἰς τὸ μ. αὐτῶν in the midst of them 9, 11, 7. Without the art. (LXX; Jos., Vi. 334; SibOr 3, 674) εἰς μ. τοῦ πεδίου in the middle of the plain Hs 9, 2, 1 (εἰς μ.=‘in the middle’, as Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 30 p. 44, 21 Lag.). τί … τὸ ἔριον εἰς μ. τῶν ἀκανθῶν τιθέασιν; Why do they place the wool in the middle of the thorns? 7:11. ἀναστὰς εἰς μ. he arose (and came) forward Mk 14:60 (cp. Theocr. 22, 82 ἐς μέσον=into the middle; Himerius, Or. 63 [=Or. 17], 2 εἰς μέσον ἔρχεσθαι=come into the open; X., Cyr. 4, 1, 1 στὰς εἰς τὸ μ.).—ἐν τῷ μ. among, before (more closely defined by the context, or = in public [so Clearch., Fgm. 45 οἴκοι καὶ μὴ ἐν τῷ μέσῳ; Appian, Liby. 15 §63]) Mt 14:6 (Dio Chrys. 30 [79], 39 ὀρχεῖσθαι ἐν τῷ μέσω; Lucian, Pereg. 8) and into the middle, before (them) (Vi. Aesopi W c. 86 στὰς ἐν τῷ μέσῳ ἔφη) Ac 4:7. Without the art. (LXX) ἐν μέσῳ (on the spelling ἐμ μέσῳ, which occurs several times as v.l., s. B-D-F §19, 1; Mlt-H. 105) abs. into the middle, before (someone) (Appian, Hann. 16 §67, Liby. 14 §59; Jos., Ant. 7, 278) J 8:3; MPol 18:1 and in the middle (Pla., Rep. 558a; Herm. Wr. 4, 3; PLille 1 recto, 5 [259 B.C.]; GrBar 13:4) J 8:9. W. gen. of place (Aeneas Tact. 1529; 1532; TestAbr A 12 p. 90, 21 [Stone p. 28], B 8 p. 113, 3 [St. p. 74]; ParJer 1:2; GrBar 10:2) τῆς θαλάσσης (En 97:7) in the middle of the lake Mk 6:47. τῆς πλατείας through the middle of the street Rv 22:2. ἐν μ. τῆς αὐλῆς in the middle of the courtyard Lk 22:55a; τοῦ τάφου GPt 13:55. ἐν μ. αὐτῆς within it (the city of Jerusalem) Lk 21:21; cp. Dg 12:3; MPol 12:1; 12:2(?). ἐν μ. τοῦ θρόνου καὶ τῶν τεσσάρων ζῴων on the center of the throne and among the four living creatures Rv 5:6a (w. double gen. also between: Appian, Hann. 14 §60, Bell. Civ. 5, 23 §92; Arrian, Anab. 1, 20, 2; 3, 28, 8 al.; Lucian, Fugit. 10 ἐν μ. ἀλαζονείας κ. φιλοσοφίας). ἐν μέσῳ τ. θρόνου around (on every side of) the throne 4:6 (but between the throne and a more remote point: RBrewer, JBL 71, ’52, 227–31).—ἐν μέσῳ ἐκκλησίας Hb 2:12 (Ps 21:23); cp. Ac 17:22. κατὰ μέσον (Jos., Bell. 5, 207; SibOr 3, 802 κατὰ μέσσον=‘in the middle’ [of the day]) κατὰ μ. τῆς νυκτός about midnight Ac 16:25 D; 27:27.

ⓒ The neut. μέσον serves as adv. (e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 43 §175 μ.=meanwhile) ἦν μέσον ὡς he was in the center of it as MPol 15:2; and is used as prep. w. gen. (B-D-F §215, 3; Rob. 644. Cp. Hdt. 9, 107, 2; Polyb. 8, 25, 1; Epict. 2, 22, 10; LXX, TestSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 80, 31 [Stone p. 8]; JosAs 24:21; Jos., Ant. 6, 65; SibOr 3, 319) μ. τῆς θαλάσσης in the middle of the lake Mt 14:24 v.l.; μ. γενεᾶς σκολιᾶς in the midst of a crooked generation Phil 2:15 (cp. Maximus Tyr. 36, 5a ἐν μέσῳ τῷ σιδηρῷ τούτῳ γένει).

② pert. to a position within a group, without focus on mediate position, among.

ⓐ as adj. ἐκάθητο ὁ Πέτρος μέσος αὐτῶν Peter was sitting among them Lk 22:55 (the point being not as center of attention but inconspicuously in the group; cp. Jos., Ant. 9, 107). μέσος ὑμῶν ἕστηκεν J 1:26 (Jos., Ant. 14, 23). τοῦ πύργου μέσου Hs 9, 8, 2. εἶδον … μέσον αὐτῶν τὸν Παῦλον AcPl Ha 11, 14.

ⓑ as subst. neuter ἀνὰ μέσον τινός (s. ἀνά 1) among someth. Mt 13:25. W. gen. pl. (TestJob 32:6 ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου) in the midst of, among in answer to the questions where and whither (B-D-F §215, 3 app.) Mt 18:2, 20; Mk 9:36; Lk 2:46; 24:36; Ac 1:15; 2:22; 6:15 D; 27:21; Rv 5:6b; cp. 6:6. Of close personal relationship ἐν μέσῳ ὑμῶν among you = in communion with you Lk 22:27; 1 Th 2:7.—ἐν μ. λύκων among wolves Mt 10:16; Lk 10:3; 2 Cl 5:2.—W. gen. pl. of things (Alciphron 3, 24, 3) Lk 8:7; Rv 1:13; 2:1. ἐκ (τοῦ) μ. from among (X., An. 1, 5, 14b; oracular response in Diod S 9, 3, 2; LXX=מִתּוֹךְ): αἴρειν τι (or τινά) ἐκ (τοῦ) μέσου (τινῶν) Col 2:14; 1 Cor 5:2 (s. αἴρω 3). ἁρπάσαι αὐτὸν ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν Ac 23:10 (s. ἁρπάζω 2a). ἀφορίζειν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μ. τῶν δικαίων Mt 13:49 (s. ἀφορίζω 1). γίνεσθαι ἐκ μ. 2 Th 2:7 (s. γίνομαι 6b). ἐξέρχεσθαι ἐκ μ. αὐτῶν from among them Ac 17:33; cp. 2 Cor 6:17 (cp. Is 52:11). κύριος λαμβάνει ἑαυτῷ ἔθνος ἐκ μ. ἐθνῶν 1 Cl 29:3 (cp. Dt 4:34).—B. 864. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.