the+program+object

   Until soccer ( futebol) assumed that role in the 20th century, bull-fighting was perhaps Portugal's most popular national sport. Portugal's variation of this blood sport, which is also pursued in Spain and a number of Latin American countries (as well as occasionally the United States), differs from that found in neighboring Spain. The contemporary Portuguese bullfight emphasizes pageantry, spectacle, horsemanship, and bull-jumping during a typical "program" of six bulls.

   The Portuguese participants wear 18th-century costumes, including plumed three-cornered hats, silk breeches, and buckled shoes and boots, and the bulls are not killed in the arena. In the early stages of each "fight," the bull is taunted and harassed by participants on foot or on horses. In the final stage of each bull's appearance, the bull is challenged to charge by a group of seven men called forcados, who proceed to incite the bull to charge the first man in front of the lined-up row of six other men. The object is to jump on the bull's head, hold the horns, and stop the bull's forward progress. Even though the bull's horns are cut and padded and horses wear padding, injuries to persons and horses do occur. In Portuguese tradition, it is said that the bull-jumping activity goes back to the ancient Phoenician or even Minoan customs of bull-jumping as a popular sport.

   In recent years, bullfight audiences have decreased in number while soccer has increasingly drawn greater crowds. During the 18th century, when killing the bull was part of the Portuguese bullfight, during one series of incidents a number of aristocratic bullfighters died in the arena. In 1928, the government of the day banned killing the bull and made such an act against the law. Matadores who killed the bull in the fight then were fined. In 2007, the matador Pedro de Portugal was fined 137,000 euros for killing a bull in the ring as an act of protest against the ban.

   The traditional bullfight season in Portugal runs from May into October each year. It was customary during the Estado Novo that after the bullfight the bulls, although not killed in the bullring, were slaughtered soon afterward and the meat donated to feed the poor. The supply of horses and bulls for this blood sport remains a business of some consequence in the Ribatejo district, north of the Tagus River, the "cowboy" and cattle section of central Portugal.

run

A n

1 ( act or period of running) course f ; a two-mile run une course de deux miles ; that was a splendid run by Reeves Reeves a fait une course magnifique ; to go for a run aller courir ; to take the dog for a run in the park aller faire courir le chien au parc ; to break into a run se mettre à courir ; to do sth at a run faire qch en courant ; to take a run at prendre son élan pour franchir [fence, hedge, stream] ; to give sb a clear run fig laisser le champ libre à qn (at doing pour faire) ;

2 ( flight) on the run [prisoner] en fuite, en cavale ○ ; to be on the run from sb/sth fuir qn/qch ; to have sb on the run lit mettre qn en fuite ; fig réussir à effrayer qn ; to make a run for it fuir, s'enfuir ; to make a run for the door se précipiter vers la porte ;

3 ( series) (of successes, failures, reds, blacks) série f (of de) ; to have a run of (good) luck être en veine ; to have a run of bad luck jouer de malchance ; a run of fine weather une période de beau temps ; we've had a long run without any illness nous avons eu une longue période sans maladie ; the product has had a good run but… le produit a bien marché mais… ;

4 Theat série f de représentations ; to have a long run tenir longtemps l'affiche ; to have a six-month run tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the play is beginning its Broadway run la pièce commence à se jouer à Broadway ;

5 ( trend) (of events, market) tendance f ; the run of the cards/dice was against me le jeu était contre moi ; against the run of play Sport en sens inverse du cours réel du jeu ; in the normal run of things dans l'ordre normal des choses ; out of the common run hors du commun ;

6 ( series of thing produced) ( in printing) tirage m ; ( in industry) série f ; a paperback run of 10,000 un tirage de 10 000 exemplaires en poche ;

7 Fin ( on Stock Exchange) ( rush) ruée f ; a run on une ruée sur [stock market, bank, item] ; a run on sterling/the dollar une ruée spéculative sur la livre sterling/le dollar ;

8 (trip, route) route f, trajet m ; it's only a short run into town ( in car) avec la voiture on est tout de suite en ville ; to go out for a run in the car aller faire un tour en voiture ; the run up to York la route jusqu'à York ; he does the Leeds run twice a week il fait le trajet jusqu'à Leeds deux fois par semaine ; a ferry on the Portsmouth-Caen run le ferry faisant la traversée Portsmouth-Caen ; a bombing run une mission de bombardement ;

9 (in cricket, baseball) point m ; to score ou make a run marquer un point ;

10 (for rabbit, chickens) enclos m ;

11 (in tights, material) échelle f ;

12 ( for skiing etc) piste f ;

13 ( in cards) suite f ; a run of three une suite de trois cartes ; ⇒ practice run, test run, trial run.

B runs ○ npl the runs la courante ○, la diarrhée.

C vtr ( prét ran ; pp run)

1 ( cover by running) courir [race, heat, stage, distance, marathon] ; I ran the rest of the way j'ai couru le reste du chemin ; she ran a brilliant race/a very fast time elle a fait une course superbe/un très bon temps ; the race will be run at 10.30 la course se court à 10 h 30 ;

2 ( drive) to run sb to the station/to hospital conduire qn à la gare/à l'hôpital ; to run sb home ou back reconduire qn ; to run the car over to the garage conduire la voiture au garage ; to run sth over to sb's house apporter qch chez qn en voiture ; to run the car into a tree jeter la voiture contre un arbre ;

3 (pass, move) to run one's hand over sth passer la main sur qch ; to run one's finger down the list parcourir la liste du doigt ; to run one's eye(s) over sth parcourir rapidement qch ; to run a duster/the vacuum cleaner over sth passer un coup de chiffon/d'aspirateur sur qch ; to run one's pen through sth rayer qch ;

4 ( manage) diriger [business, hotel, store, school, country] ; a well-/badly-run organization une organisation bien/mal dirigée ; who is running things here? qui est-ce qui commande ici? ; I'm running this show ○ ! c'est moi qui commande ○ ! ; stop trying to run my life! arrête de vouloir diriger ma vie! ;

5 ( operate) faire fonctionner [machine] ; faire tourner [motor, engine] ; exécuter [program] ; entretenir [car] ; to run sth off the mains/off batteries faire fonctionner qch sur secteur/avec des piles ; the car is cheap to run la voiture est peu coûteuse à entretenir ; to run a tape/a film mettre une cassette/un film ; to run tests on sth effectuer des tests sur qch ; to run a check on sb [police] vérifier les antécédents de qn ; ( generally) prendre des renseignements sur qn ;

6 (organize, offer) organiser [competition, lessons, course] ; mettre [qch] en place [train, bus, service] ;

7 (extend, pass) (of cable, wire, pipe) to run sth between/from/to/around faire passer qch entre/de/à/autour de ; to run a rope through a ring faire passer une corde dans un anneau ;

8 ( cause to flow) faire couler [water, bath] ; ouvrir [tap] ; I'll run you a bath je vais te faire couler un bain ; to run water into/over sth faire couler de l'eau dans/sur qch ;

9 Journ [newspaper] publier, faire passer ○ [story, article] ;

10 ( pass through) franchir [rapids] ; forcer [blockade] ; brûler [red light] ;

11 ( smuggle) faire passer [qch] en fraude [guns, drugs] ;

12 ( enter in contest) faire courir [horse] ; présenter [candidate].

D vi ( prét ran ; pp run)

1 ( move quickly) [person, animal] courir ; to run to catch the bus/to help sb courir pour attraper le bus/pour aider qn ; to run to meet sb courir à la rencontre de qn ; to run across/down/up sth traverser/descendre/monter qch en courant ; to run around the house/around (in) the garden courir dans toute la maison/dans le jardin ; will you run over to the shop and get some milk? peux-tu courir au magasin chercher du lait? ; to run for the train courir pour attraper le train ; to run for the exit courir vers la sortie ; to run for one's country Sport courir pour son pays ; to run in the 100 metres/in the 3.30 (race) courir le 100 mètres/dans la course de 15 h 30 ; she came running towards me elle a couru vers moi ; the customers will come running fig les clients vont se précipiter ;

2 ( flee) fuir, s'enfuir ; I dropped everything and ran j'ai tout jeté et je me suis enfui ; to run for one's life s'enfuir pour sauver sa peau ○ ; run for your life!, run for it ○ ! sauve qui peut!, déguerpissons ○ ! ; I had to run for it ○ j'ai dû déguerpir ○ ; there's nowhere to run (to) il n'y a nulle part où aller ; to go running to the police courir à la police ; to go running to one's parents se réfugier chez ses parents ;

3 ○ ( rush off) filer ○ ; sorry-must run! ○ désolé-il faut que je file! ○ ;

4 ( function) [machine, generator] marcher ; [engine, press] tourner ; to leave the engine running laisser tourner le moteur ; to run off fonctionner sur [mains, battery] ; to run on marcher à [diesel, unleaded] ; to run fast/slow [clock] prendre de l'avance/du retard ; the organization runs very smoothly l'organisation fonctionne parfaitement ;

5 (continue, last) [contract, lease] courir ; to have another month to run avoir encore un mois à courir ; to run from… to… [school year, season] aller de… à… ;

6 Theat [play, musical] tenir l'affiche ; this show will run and run! ce spectacle tiendra l'affiche pendant des mois! ; to run for six months tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the film will run (for) another week le film reste à l'affiche une semaine encore ;

7 ( pass) to run past/through sth [frontier, path, line] passer/traverser qch ; to run (from) east to west aller d'est en ouest, être orienté est-ouest ; the road runs north for about ten kilometres la route va vers le nord sur une dizaine de kilomètres ; to run parallel to sth être parallèle à qch ; the stripes run vertically les rayures sont verticales ; the bird has a green stripe running down its back l'oiseau a une bande verte le long du dos ; a scar runs down her arm une cicatrice court le long de son bras ;

8 ( move) [sledge, vehicle] glisser (on sur ; forward vers l'avant ; back vers l'arrière) ; [curtain] coulisser (on sur) ; to run through sb's hands [rope] filer entre les mains de qn ; a pain ran up my leg une douleur m'est remontée le long de la jambe ; a wave of excitement ran through the crowd un frisson d'excitation a parcouru la foule ; his eyes ran over the page il a parcouru la page des yeux ; the news ran from house to house la nouvelle s'est transmise de maison en maison ;

9 ( operate regularly) [buses, trains] circuler ; they don't run on Sundays ils ne circulent pas le dimanche ; a taxi service/ferry runs between X and Y il existe un service de taxi/un ferry entre X et Y ; the train is running late le train est en retard ; programmes are running late this evening ( on TV) les émissions ont du retard ce soir ; we are running 30 minutes behind schedule ou late nous avons 30 minutes de retard ; we're running ahead of schedule nous sommes en avance ;

10 ( flow) [water, liquid, stream, tap, bath, nose] couler ; the tap is running le robinet coule or est ouvert ; my nose is running j'ai le nez qui coule ; tears ran down his face les larmes coulaient sur son visage ; there was water running down the walls il y avait de l'eau qui coulait le long des murs ; my body was running with sweat mon corps ruisselait de sueur ; the streets will be running with blood fig le sang coulera à flots dans les rues ; the river ran red with blood la rivière est devenue rouge de sang ; the meat juices ran pink/clear le jus qui est sorti de la viande était rose/incolore ;

11 ( flow when wet or melted) [colour, dye, garment] déteindre ; [ink, makeup, butter, cheese] couler ;

12 Pol ( as candidate) se présenter ; to run for être candidat/-e au poste de [mayor, governor] ; to run for president être candidat/-e à la présidence ; to run against se présenter or être candidat/-e contre [person] ;

13 ( be worded) [message, speech] se présenter, être libellé sout ; the telex runs… le télex se présente or est libellé comme suit… ; so the argument runs selon l'argument habituellement avancé ;

14 ( snag) [tights, material] filer.

to have the run of sth avoir qch pour soi ; to give sb the run of sth mettre qch à la disposition de qn ; in the long run à la longue, à longue échéance ; in the short run à brève échéance.

■ run about, run around:

▶ run around

1 (hurrying, playing etc) courir ; I've been running around all over the place looking for you j'ai couru partout pour essayer de te trouver ;

2 ○ ( have affair with) courir ○ ; to run around ○ with voir ○, sortir avec [woman, man].

■ run across ○:

▶ run across [sth/sb] tomber sur ○ [acquaintance, reference].

■ run after:

▶ run after [sb] lit, fig courir après [thief, woman, man].

■ run along se sauver ○, filer ○ ; run along! sauve-toi ○ !

■ run at:

▶ run at [sth]

1 ( charge towards) se précipiter sur [door, person] ;

2 ( be at) [inflation, unemployment] atteindre, être de l'ordre de [percentage, rate, figure] ; with inflation running at 12% avec une inflation de l'ordre de 12%.

■ run away:

▶ run away

1 ( flee) s'enfuir (from sb devant qn ; to do pour faire) ; to run away from home s'enfuir de chez soi ; to run away from one's responsibilities/a situation fuir ses responsabilités/une situation ;

2 ( run off) [water, liquid] couler ;

▶ run away with [sth/sb]

1 ( flee) partir avec [profits, object, person] ;

2 ( carry off easily) rafler ○ [prizes, title] ;

3 GB dial ( use up) [activity] engloutir [money] ;

4 ( get into one's head) to run away with the idea ou notion that s'imaginer que ; I don't want him running away with that idea je ne veux pas qu'il s'imagine ça ; to let one's emotions/one's enthusiasm run away with one se laisser emporter par ses émotions/son enthousiasme.

■ run back:

▶ run back [sth], run [sth] back rembobiner [tape, film].

■ run back over:

▶ run back over [sth] revenir sur [points, plans].

■ run down:

▶ run down [battery] se décharger ; [watch] retarder ; [exports, reserves] diminuer ; [machine, industry, company] s'essouffler ;

▶ run down [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] down

1 ( in vehicle) renverser ; to be ou get run down by sth être renversé par qch ;

2 (reduce, allow to decline) réduire [production, operations, defences, industry, reserves] ; user [battery] ;

3 ( disparage) dénigrer [person, economy] ;

4 Naut éperonner, heurter [boat] ;

5 ( track down) retrouver [person] ; dénicher ○ [thing].

■ run in:

▶ run in [sth], run [sth] in roder [car, machine] ; ‘running in-please pass’ ‘en rodage’ ;

▶ run [sb] in ○ ( arrest) épingler ○ [person].

■ run into:

▶ run into [sth/sb]

1 ( collide with) [car, person] heurter, rentrer dans ○ [car, wall] ;

2 ( encounter) rencontrer [person, difficulty, opposition, bad weather] ; to run into debt s'endetter ;

3 ( amount to) [debt, income, sales] se compter en [hundreds, millions] ; the trial could run into months le procès pourrait durer des mois.

■ run off:

▶ run off

1 [person, animal] partir en courant ; to run off with partir avec [person, savings] ;

2 [liquid, water] couler ;

▶ run off [sth], run [sth] off

1 ( print) sortir [copy] (on sur) ;

2 ( contest) disputer [heats].

■ run on:

▶ run on [meeting, seminar] se prolonger ;

▶ run on [sth] ( be concerned with) [mind] être préoccupé par ; [thoughts] revenir sur ; [conversation] porter sur ;

▶ run on [sth], run [sth] on

1 Print faire suivre [qch] sans alinéa ;

2 Literat faire enjamber [line].

■ run out:

▶ run out

1 ( become exhausted) [supplies, resources, oil] s'épuiser ; time is running out le temps manque ; my money ran out mes ressources s'étaient épuisées ; my patience is running out je suis en train de perdre patience ;

2 ( have no more) [pen, vending machine] être vide ; sorry, I've run out désolé, je n'en ai plus ; quick, before we run out vite, avant que nous n'ayons plus rien ;

3 ( expire) [lease, passport] expirer ;

▶ run out of ne plus avoir de [petrol, time, money, ideas] ; the car ran out of petrol la voiture est tombée en panne d'essence ; to be running out of n'avoir presque plus de [petrol, time, money, ideas].

■ run out on:

▶ run out on [sb] abandonner, laisser tomber ○ [family, lover, ally].

■ run over:

▶ run over

1 [meeting, programme] se prolonger, dépasser l'horaire prévu ; to run over by 10 minutes/by an hour dépasser l'horaire prévu de 10 minutes/d'une heure ;

2 ( overflow) [container] déborder ; my cup runneth over Bible la coupe est pleine ;

▶ run over [sth] ( run through) passer [qch] en revue [arrangements, main points] ;

▶ run over [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] over

1 ( injure) renverser [person, animal] ; ( kill) écraser [person, animal] ; you'll get run over tu vas te faire écraser ;

2 ( drive over) passer sur [log, bump, corpse].

■ run through:

▶ run through [sth]

1 ( pass through) [thought, tune, murmur] courir dans ;

2 ( be present in) [theme, concern, prejudice] se retrouver dans [work, society] ;

3 ( look through) parcourir [list, article, notes] ; ( discuss briefly) passer [qch] en revue [main points, schedule] ;

4 (use, get through) dépenser [money, inheritance] ;

▶ run through [sth], run [sth] through ( rehearse) répéter [scene, speech] ;

▶ run [sb] through littér ( with sword) transpercer [person] (with avec, de) ; to run sth through the computer passer qch dans l'ordinateur ; to run sth through a series of tests faire passer une série de tests à qch.

■ run to:

▶ run to [sth] ( extend as far as) [book, report] faire [number of pages, words] ; her tastes don't run to modern jazz ses goûts ne vont pas jusqu'au jazz moderne ; his salary doesn't run to Caribbean cruises son salaire ne lui permet pas une croisière aux Caraïbes ; I don't think I can run to that je ne crois pas pouvoir me permettre cela.

■ run up:

▶ run up [sth], run [sth] up

1 ( accumulate) accumuler [bill, debt] ;

2 ( make) fabriquer [dress, curtains] ;

3 ( raise) hisser [flag].

■ run up against:

▶ run up against [sth] se heurter à [obstacle, difficulty].

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1) Компьютерная техника: Object Storage Device, Outsourced Software Development

2) Медицина: ocular surface disease (заболевание поверхностных тканей глаза), Ocular Surface Disorder

3) Военный термин: Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Administration, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Atomic Energy, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Ballistic Missile Committee, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Defense Security Assistance Agency, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Director of Defense Research and Engineering, Office of the Secretary of Defense, General Counsel, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Health and Environment, Office of the Secretary of Defense, ISMA, International Satellite Monitoring Agency, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Installation and Logistics, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Legislative Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Military Liaison Committee, Office of the Secretary of Defense, OS, office of the secretary, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of Director of Defense Program Analysis and Evaluation, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Public PAS, public address system, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Scientific Advisory Committee, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Systems Analysis, Operating Strength Deviation, Operational Sequence Diagram, office of student detachment, officer service date, operational support directive, optical scanning device, ordnance supply depot, over, short and damaged, overseas duty, overseas supply division, (C) OSD (Comptroller)

4) Техника: operational systems development

5) Политика: Old School Democrat

6) Телекоммуникации: экранное меню (монитора)

7) Сокращение: Office of the Secretary of Defence (USA), Order of St Dominic, On Screen Display

8) Электроника: A Onscreen System Display, Oscillator Strength Distribution, Over Sampling Depth

9) Вычислительная техника: OnScreen Display, Open Software Description, оптическое сканирующее устройство, Open Software Description (manifest / standard, MS, Marimba, XML, DU, DUP, MSIE), отображение выполняемых функций на экране (on screen display)

10) Автоматика: original software developer

11) Сахалин Р: Offshore Safety Division

12) Химическое оружие: office of secretary of defense

13) Расширение файла: Open Software Description/Distribution

14) Программное обеспечение: Open Source Definition

1) (esp. Electr.) Schalter, der

2) (Amer. Railw.) Weiche, die

3) (change with another) Wechsel, der

4) (flexible shoot, whip) Gerte, die

1) (change)

2) (exchange) tauschen

- academic.ru/112524/switch_around">switch around

- switch off

- switch on

- switch over

- switch round

- switch through

* * *

1) (a small lever, handle or other device eg for putting or turning an electric current on or off: The switch is down when the power is on and up when it's off; He couldn't find the light-switch.) der Schalter

2) (an act of turning or changing: After several switches of direction they found themselves on the right road.) der Wechsel

3) (a thin stick.) die Gerte

- switchback

* * *

I. n

<pl -es>

1. (control) Schalter m

to flick [or flip] a \switch (turn on) einen Schalter anknipsen; (turn off) einen Schalter ausknipsen

to throw a \switch einen Schalter betätigen

2. (substitution) Wechsel m meist sing, Austausch m kein pl

3. (alteration) Änderung f; (change) Wechsel m, Wandel m kein pl

4. (thin whip) Rute f, Gerte f

5. AM RAIL (points) Weiche f

6. COMPUT (additional character) Befehlszeilenschalter m

7. COMPUT (point in program) Verzweigung f; (device) Verteiler m

II. vi wechseln

the country seemed to \switch from dictatorship to democracy das Land schien von einer Diktatur zu einer Demokratie zu werden

▪ to \switch with sb mit jdm tauschen

III. vt

1. (adjust settings)

▪ to \switch sth etw umschalten

to \switch the heater to maximum die Heizung auf die höchste Stufe stellen

2. (change abruptly)

▪ to \switch sth etw wechseln

in the 1980s, several companies \switched their attention to the US market in den 80er-Jahren richteten zahlreiche Unternehmen ihre Aufmerksamkeit auf den amerikanischen Markt

3. (substitute)

▪ to \switch sth etw auswechseln [o eintauschen]

* * *

1. n

1) (ELEC ETC) Schalter m

2) (US RAIL) Weiche f

3) (= change) Wechsel m; (in plans, policies) Änderung f, Umstellung f (

4) (= stick, cane) Rute f, Gerte f; (= riding whip) Gerte f

5) (of hair) falscher Zopf

2. vt

1) (= change, alter) wechseln; direction, plans ändern; allegiance übertragen (to auf +acc); attention, conversation lenken (to auf +acc)

2) (= move) production verlegen; object umstellen

3) (= exchange) tauschen; (= transpose also switch over, switch round) objects, letters in word, figures in column vertauschen

4) (ELEC) (um)schalten

5) tail, cane schlagen mit

6) (esp US RAIL) rangieren

3. vi

1) (= change also switch over) (über)wechseln (to zu); (ELEC, TV, RAD) umschalten (to auf +acc = exchange also switch round, switch over) tauschen

2) (RAIL) rangieren

* * *

switch [swıtʃ]

A s

1. a) Rute f, Gerte f

b) Peitsche f

2. (Ruten)Streich m

3. falscher Zopf

4. Schwanzquaste f (eines Rindes)

5. ELEK

a) Schalter m

b) Schalten n

6. BAHN US

a) Weiche f:

shift the switches for fig die Weichen stellen für

b) Stellen n (einer Weiche)

7. WIRTSCH Umstellung f (bei Kapitalanlagen etc)

8. (to) fig Umstellung f (auf akk), Wechsel m (zu):

make a switch eine Umstellung oder einen Wechsel vornehmen

9. a) Austausch m ( for gegen)

b) Verwandlung f (to in akk)

10. Kartenspiel: Farbwechsel m

B v/t

1. peitschen

2. mit einem Muskel etc zucken

3. mit dem Schwanz schlagen (Kuh etc)

4. auch switch over ELEK, TECH (um)schalten:

a) einschalten, das Licht anschalten,

b) umg jemanden anturnen (in Erregung etc versetzen),

c) umg jemanden anturnen (zum Gebrauch von Drogen veranlassen);

a) ab-, ausschalten, den Motor abstellen,

b) umg jemanden anöden;

switch through TEL einen Anrufer, ein Gespräch durchstellen ( beide:

to zu); → charm A 1

5. BAHN besonders US

a) einen Zug rangieren

b) Waggons umstellen

6. fig

a) auch switch over die Produktion etc umstellen (to auf akk)

b) switch methods (lanes) die Methode (die Spur) wechseln;

switch positions SPORT rochieren;

switch roles fig die Rollen tauschen

c) überleiten:

switch the talk to another topic auf ein anderes Thema überleiten

7. austauschen ( for gegen):

switch (a)round Möbel umstellen;

switch sb (a)round within a department (between the departments) jemanden eine Abteilung (die einzelnen Abteilungen) durchlaufen lassen

C v/i

1. ELEK, TECH ( auch switch over um)schalten:

switch off abschalten (a. fig umg):

2. BAHN besonders US rangieren

3. fig umstellen:

switch (over) to übergehen zu, sich umstellen auf (akk), UNIV umsatteln auf (akk)

4. Kartenspiel: die Farbe wechseln

* * *

1) (esp. Electr.) Schalter, der

2) (Amer. Railw.) Weiche, die

3) (change with another) Wechsel, der

4) (flexible shoot, whip) Gerte, die

1) (change)

2) (exchange) tauschen

- switch around

- switch off

- switch on

- switch over

- switch round

- switch through

* * *

Weiche -n f. (twig) n.

Rute -n f. n.

= Gerte -n f.

Schalter - m. v.

rangieren v.

schalten v.

umschalten v.

verschieben v.

wechseln v.

call

A n

1 Telecom appel m (téléphonique) (from de) ; business call appel professionnel ; private ou personal call appel privé ; (tele)phone call appel m (téléphonique) ; I have a call for you j'ai un appel pour vous ; to make a call appeler, téléphoner ; to make a call to Italy appeler l'Italie, téléphoner en Italie ; to receive/take a call recevoir/prendre un appel ; to give sb a call appeler qn ; to return sb's call rappeler qn ; to put a call through to sb passer un appel à qn ;

2 ( audible cry) ( human) appel m (for à) ; ( animal) cri m ; to give sb a call appeler qn ;

3 ( summons) appel m, this is the last call for passengers to Berlin Aviat ceci est le dernier appel pour les passagers à destination de Berlin ; this is your ten minute call Theat en scène dans dix minutes ; to put out a call for sb ( over public address) faire appeler qn ; ( over radio) lancer un appel à qn ; the Red Cross has put out a call for blankets la Croix Rouge a lancé un appel pour obtenir des couvertures ;

4 ( visit) visite f ; social call visite f de courtoisie ; to make ou pay a call lit rendre visite (on à) ; to pay a call euph aller aux toilettes ; to return sb's call rendre sa visite à qn ;

5 ( demand) demande f ; the strikers' call for a pay rise la demande d'augmentation de salaire de la part des grévistes ; there were calls for his resignation sa démission a été réclamée ; a call for reform une demande de réforme ; she has many calls on her time elle est très sollicitée ; there's no call for it Comm il n'y a pas de demande (pour cet article) ; we don't get much call for that nous n'avons guère de demande pour cela ; to have first call on sth avoir la priorité sur qch ;

6 ( need) there's no call for sth/to do il n'y a pas de raison pour qch/de faire ; there was no call for her to say that elle n'avait aucune raison or aucun besoin de dire cela ;

7 ( allure) (of mountains, sea, the unknown) appel m (of de) ;

8 Sport décision f ;

9 Fin ( for repayment of loan) demande f de remboursement ; ( request) appel m ; ( right to buy) option f d'achat ; money at ou on call argent à court terme or au jour le jour ; on three months' call à trois mois ; payable at call remboursable sur présentation or à vue ; a call for capital/tenders un appel de fonds/d'offres ;

10 ( duty) to be on call [doctor] être de garde ; [engineer] être de service ;

11 Relig ( vocation) vocation f.

B vtr

1 ( say loudly) ( also call out) appeler [name, number] ; crier [answer, instructions] ; annoncer [result] ; Games parier [heads, tails] ; annoncer [flight] ; to call the register Sch faire l'appel ; he called (out) ‘Goodbye’ il a crié ‘au revoir’ ;

2 ( summon) appeler [lift] ; ( by shouting) appeler [person, animal, witness] ; ( by phone) appeler [person, police, taxi] ; ( by letter) convoquer [applicant, candidate] ; he was called before the committee il a été convoqué devant la commission ; the boss called me into his office le chef m'a fait venir dans son bureau ; the police were called to the scene la police a été appelée sur les lieux ; I've called you a taxi je vous ai appelé un taxi ; come when you're called venez quand on vous appelle ; call the next witness appelez le témoin suivant ; you may be called to give evidence il se peut que vous soyez convoqué pour témoigner ;

3 ( telephone) ( also call up) appeler [person, institution, number] (at à ; from de) ; don't call us, we'll call you hum (n'appelez pas) nous vous appellerons ;

4 ( give a name) appeler [person, baby, animal, place, product] (by par) ; intituler [book, film, music, play] ; she prefers to be called by her maiden name elle préfère qu'on l'appelle par son nom de jeune fille ;

5 ( arrange) organiser [strike] ; convoquer [conference, meeting, rehearsal] ; fixer [election] ;

6 ( waken) réveiller [person] ; what time shall I call you in the morning? à quelle heure voulez-vous que je vous réveille? ;

7 ( describe as) to call sb stupid/a liar traiter qn d'imbécile/de menteur/-euse ; I wouldn't call it spacious/beautiful je ne dirais pas que c'est vaste/beau ; do you call that plate clean? tu appelles ça une assiette propre? ; it's not what you'd call an exciting film on ne peut pas dire que ce film soit passionnant ; it's what you might call a delicate situation c'est ce qui s'appelle une situation délicate ; call that a garden ○ ! tu appelles ça un jardin! ; call it what you will appelle ça comme tu veux ; parapsychology or whatever they ou you call it ○ la métapsychologie ou quelque chose dans ce goût-là ○ ; (let's) call it £5 disons cinq livres sterling ; he hasn't a place to call his own il n'a pas de chez-lui ;

8 Sport [referee, linesman] déclarer ; the linesman called the ball in le juge de ligne a déclaré que la balle était bonne ;

9 Fin demander le remboursement de [loan] ;

10 Comput appeler [file, program].

C vi

1 ( cry out) ( also call out) [person, animal] appeler ; ( louder) crier ; [bird] crier ; London calling Radio ici Londres ;

2 ( telephone) appeler ; where are you calling from? d'où appelez-vous? ; I'm calling about your advertisement j'appelle au sujet de votre annonce ; thank you for calling merci d'avoir appelé ; please call back in an hour rappelez dans une heure s'il vous plaît, veuillez rappeler dans une heure fml ; to call home appeler chez soi or à la maison ; who's calling? qui est à l'appareil? ;

3 ( visit) passer ; to call at [person] passer chez [person, shop] ; [person] passer à [bank, library, town] ; [train] s'arrêter à [town, station] ; [boat] faire escale à [port] ; the London train calling at Reading and Slough le train à destination de Londres desservant les gares de Reading et Slough ;

4 (tossing coins, racquet) parier ; you call, heads or tails? à toi de parier, pile ou face?

D v refl to call oneself se faire appeler [Smith, Bob] ; ( claim to be) se dire, se prétendre [poet, designer] ; he calls himself a writer but… il se dit or se prétend écrivain mais… ; call yourself a sailor ○ ? et tu te prétends marin? ; I am proud to call myself European je suis fier d'être européen.

it was a close call c'était de justesse.

■ call away:

▶ call [sb] away appeler ; to be called away être obligé de s'absenter.

■ call back:

▶ call back

1 ( on phone) rappeler ;

2 ( return) repasser ;

▶ call [sb] back

1 (summon by shouting, phone back) rappeler [person] ;

2 ( recall) rappeler [representative, diplomat].

■ call by passer.

■ call down:

▶ call down ( shout from above) appeler ;

▶ call down [sth], call [sth] down appeler [blessing, curse, vengeance] (on sur).

■ call for:

▶ call for [sth]

1 ( shout) appeler à [help] ; appeler [ambulance, doctor] ;

2 ( demand) [person] demander [food, drink, equipment, tool] ; [report, article, politician, protesters] réclamer [changes, improvements] ; they are calling for talks to be extended ils réclament la prolongation des négociations ;

3 ( require) [situation, problem, conditions] exiger [treatment, skill, action, understanding] ; nécessiter [change, intervention, improvements] ; this calls for a celebration! ça se fête! ; that was not called for c'était déplacé ;

4 ( collect) passer prendre [person] ; passer chercher [object].

■ call forth littér:

▶ call forth [sth], call [sth] forth susciter.

■ call in:

▶ call in

1 ( visit) passer ;

2 ( telephone) appeler ; to call in sick [employee] appeler pour dire qu'on est malade ;

▶ call in [sb], call [sb] in

1 lit ( summon inside) faire rentrer [person, animal] ; faire entrer [candidate, client, patient] ;

2 ( send for) faire appel à [expert, police, engineer] ;

▶ call in [sth], call [sth] in

1 ( recall) demander le retour de [library book, ticket, surplus, supplies] ; retirer [qch] de la circulation [currency] ; retirer [qch] du commerce [product] ;

2 Fin demander le remboursement de [loan].

■ call off:

▶ call off [sth], call [sth] off

1 lit rappeler [dog, attacker] ;

2 fig ( halt) interrompre [arrangement, deal, plan, search, investigation, strike] ; ( cancel) annuler [show, meeting, wedding] ; to call off one's engagement rompre ses fiançailles ; to call off a strike annuler un ordre de grève ; let's call the whole thing off laissons tomber.

■ call on:

▶ call on [sb/sth]

1 ( visit) ( also call in on) rendre visite à [relative, friend] ; visiter [patient, client] ;

2 ( invite) demander à [speaker, lecturer] (to do de faire) ;

3 ( urge) demander à (to do de faire) ; ( stronger) enjoindre fml (to do de faire) ; he called on his colleagues to oppose it il a demandé à ses collègues de s'y opposer ;

4 (appeal to, resort to) s'adresser à [person] ; avoir recours à [services] ; faire appel à [moral quality] ; neighbours she can call on des voisins à qui elle peut s'adresser ; we will call on your services nous aurons recours à vos services ; you will have to call on all your patience and courage il faudra faire appel à toute ta patience et tout ton courage.

■ call out:

▶ call out ( cry aloud) appeler ; ( louder) crier ;

▶ call out [sb], call [sb] out

1 ( summon outside) appeler ; the teacher called me out to the front of the class le professeur m'a fait venir devant le reste de la classe ;

2 ( send for) appeler [expert, doctor, emergency service, repairman, troops] ;

3 Ind [union] lancer un ordre de grève à [members] ; to call sb out on strike lancer un ordre de grève à qn ;

▶ call [sth] out, call out [sth] appeler [name, number].

■ call over:

▶ call over to [sb] appeler ;

▶ call [sb] over appeler.

■ call round ( visit) venir.

■ call up:

▶ call up appeler ;

▶ call up [sb/sth], call [sb/sth] up

1 ( on phone) appeler ;

2 ( summon) appeler [reserves, reinforcements] ; appeler [qn] sous les drapeaux [soldier] ; invoquer [ghost, spirit] ;

3 ( evoke) rappeler [memory, past event, scene] ;

4 Comput appeler (à l'écran), afficher [data, file, menu] ;

5 Sport sélectionner [player].

■ call upon = call on.

1) время || измерять [определять\] время; отмечать время; хронометрировать

2) период [интервал\] времени

3) момент времени

4) срок; длительность, продолжительность

5) темп; такт

6) хронировать; синхронизировать; осуществлять привязку по времени

7) регулировать взаимное положение фаз периодических процессов

1) космос

patch [pætʃ]

1 noun

(a) (of fabric) pièce f; (on garment) pièce f (rapportée); (on sail) placard m; (on inner tube) Rustine ® f;

∎ a jacket with suede patches on the elbows une veste avec des pièces en daim aux coudes;

∎ familiar figurative he's not a patch on you il ne t'arrive pas à la cheville;

∎ his last novel isn't a patch on the others son dernier roman est loin de valoir les autres^□

(b) (over eye) bandeau m;

∎ he wore a black eye patch il avait un bandeau noir sur l'œil

(c) (sticking plaster) pansement m (adhésif)

(d) (beauty spot) mouche f

(e) Military (on uniform) insigne m

(f) (plot of land) parcelle f, lopin m;

∎ cabbage/strawberry patch carré m de choux/de fraises;

∎ cotton patch champ m de coton;

∎ vegetable patch carré m de légumes

(g) (of light, colour, grease, dampness) tache f; (of fog, mist) nappe f; (of oil) flaque f; (of ice) plaque f;

∎ there were damp patches on the ceiling il y avait des taches d'humidité au plafond;

∎ patch of blue sky pan m ou coin m ou échappée f de ciel bleu;

∎ snow still lay in patches on the slopes les pistes étaient encore enneigées par endroits;

∎ we crossed a rough patch of road nous sommes passés sur un tronçon de route défoncé;

∎ a bald patch une (petite) tonsure

(h) British (period) période f, moment m;

∎ to go through a bad or sticky or rough patch traverser une période difficile ou une mauvaise passe;

∎ the company had a bad patch in 1998 la firme a connu des moments difficiles en 1998

(i) British (of prostitute, salesperson, police officer) secteur m;

∎ familiar keep off my patch! ne mets pas les pieds sur mon territoire!

(j) Computing modification f (de programme); (correction) correction f

(k) Medicine (for administering substance through skin) patch m, timbre m

2 transitive verb

(a) (mend → clothes) rapiécer; (→ tyre, canoe) réparer; Nautical (→ sail) placarder;

∎ his jeans were patched at the knees son jean avait des pièces ou était rapiécé aux genoux;

∎ they patched the hole in the roof ils ont colmaté ou bouché le trou dans la toiture

(b) Computing (program) modifier

(c) Telecommunications raccorder;

∎ I'll patch you through je vous passe votre communication;

∎ patch me through to headquarters passez-moi le siège social

►► Telecommunications patch board tableau m de raccordement;

Sewing patch pocket poche f plaquée;

Medicine patch test test m cutané

➲ patch together separable transitive verb

familiar (temporary shelter, broken object) assembler^□ ; (business plan, team, government) mettre sur pied^□ ;

∎ they patched together a documentary ils ont monté un documentaire tant bien que mal;

∎ we are beginning to patch together an understanding of… petit à petit nous commençons à nous faire une idée de…^□ ;

∎ pejorative the whole thing is a bit patched together tout est un peu mal fichu

➲ patch up separable transitive verb familiar

(a) (repair → clothes) rapiécer^□ ; (→ car, boat) réparer^□ ; (→ in makeshift way) rafistoler;

∎ they patched him up in hospital ils l'ont rafistolé à l'hôpital

(b) (relationship)

∎ he's trying to patch things up with his wife il essaie de se rabibocher avec sa femme;

∎ they patched up their differences ils ont réglé leurs différends^□

1) (thick paper or thin board: shapes cut out from card.) lepenka

2) ((also playing card) a small piece of such paper etc with designs, used in playing certain games: a pack of cards.) karta

3) (a similar object used for eg sending greetings, showing membership of an organization, storing information etc: a birthday card; a membership card; a business card.) čestitka, izkaznica, vizitka

•

- cards

* * *

karta, vizitka, izkaznica; lepenka; program; American časopisna objava; familiarly človek, dečko; čudak

compass card — vetrovnica (na kompasu)

to fling ( —ali throw up) one's cards — opustiti igro

to have all one's cards in one's hand — imeti vse prednosti

figuratively a house of cards — negotov položaj ali načrt

it is ( —ali that's) the card — tako kaže, to je pravo, to je treba

it is on the card — to je mogoče

a lively card — veseljak

pack of cards — igra kart

to play at cards — kvartati

to tell fortunes upon cards — vedeževati iz kart

to play one's best cards — uporabiti svoje najboljše možnosti

to play one's cards well (badly) — biti spreten (nespreten)

to speak by the card — jasno se izražati

to throw one's cards (on the table) — vse odkrito povedati, priznati

a queer card — čudak

trump card — adut

to have a card up one's sleeve — imeti nekaj za bregom

a knowing card — navihanec

to lay one's cards on the table — igrati z odprtimi kartami

a loose card — razuzdanec

a sure card — zanesljiv človek

to speak by the card — jasno se izražati

to leave cards on s.o. — obiskati koga

to make a card — vzeti (pri kartah)

visiting card — vizitka

ration card — živilska nakaznica

mikalnik; strgača; gradaše;

mikati, grebenati

1) (withstand) widerstehen (+ Dat.) [Druck]; standhalten (+ Dat.) [Angriff]; tragen [Gewicht]

2) (support, uphold) aufrechterhalten

3) (suffer) erleiden [Niederlage, Verlust, Verletzung]

4) (maintain) bestreiten [Unterhaltung]; bewahren [Interesse]

* * *

1) (to bear (the weight of): The branches could hardly sustain the weight of the fruit.) tragen

2) (to give help or strength to: The thought of seeing her again sustained him throughout his ordeal.) aufrecht halten

* * *

1. ( form: suffer)

to \sustain damages Schäden erleiden [o davontragen]; object beschädigt werden

to \sustain injuries/losses Verletzungen/Verluste erleiden

2. (maintain)

▪ to \sustain sth etw aufrechterhalten

the economy looks set to \sustain its growth next year es sieht so aus, als würde das Wirtschaftswachstum im nächsten Jahr anhalten

3. (keep alive)

▪ to \sustain sb/sth jdn/etw [am Leben] erhalten

to \sustain a family eine Familie unterhalten [o versorgen

4. (support emotionally)

▪ to \sustain sb jdn unterstützen, jdm [unterstützend] helfen

5. AM LAW (uphold)

▪ to \sustain sth etw zulassen

objection \sustained! Einspruch stattgegeben!

to \sustain a case against sb jdn anklagen

6. MUS

to \sustain a note eine Note halten

7. COMPUT

▪ to \sustain sth bei etw dat [Spannung f] aufrechterhalten

* * *

1) (= support) load, weight aushalten, tragen; life erhalten; family unterhalten; charity unterstützen; (= nourish) body bei Kräften halten