multos

* * *

* * *

ăb, ā, abs, prep. with abl. This IndoEuropean particle (Sanscr. apa or ava, Etr. av, Gr. upo, Goth. af, Old Germ. aba, New Germ. ab, Engl. of, off) has in Latin the following forms: ap, af, ab (av), au-, a, a; aps, abs, as-. The existence of the oldest form, ap, is proved by the oldest and best MSS. analogous to the prep. apud, the Sanscr. api, and Gr. epi, and by the weakened form af, which, by the rule of historical grammar and the nature of the Latin letter f, can be derived only from ap, not from ab. The form af, weakened from ap, also very soon became obsolete. There are but five examples of it in inscriptions, at the end of the sixth and in the course of the seventh century B. C., viz.:

AF VOBEIS,

Inscr. Orell. 3114;

AF MVRO,

ib. 6601;

AF CAPVA,

ib. 3308;

AF SOLO,

ib. 589;

AF LYCO,

ib. 3036 ( afuolunt =avolant, Paul. ex Fest. p. 26 Mull., is only a conjecture). In the time of Cicero this form was regarded as archaic, and only here and there used in account-books; v. Cic. Or. 47, 158 (where the correct reading is af, not abs or ab), and cf. Ritschl, Monum. Epigr. p. 7 sq.—The second form of this preposition, changed from ap, was ab, which has become the principal form and the one most generally used through all periods—and indeed the only oue used before all vowels and h; here and there also before some consonants, particularly l, n, r, and s; rarely before c, j, d, t; and almost never before the labials p, b, f, v, or before m, such examples as ab Massiliensibus, Caes. B. C. 1, 35, being of the most rare occurrence.—By changing the b of ab through v into u, the form au originated, which was in use only in the two compounds aufero and aufugio for abfero, ab-fugio; aufuisse for afuisse, in Cod. Medic. of Tac. A. 12, 17, is altogether unusual. Finally, by dropping the b of ab, and lengthening the a, ab was changed into a, which form, together with ab, predominated through all periods of the Latin language, and took its place before all consonants in the later years of Cicero, and after him almoet exclusively.—By dropping the b without lengthening the a, ab occurs in the form a- in the two compounds a-bio and a-perio, q. v.—On the other hand, instead of reducing ap to a and a, a strengthened collateral form, aps, was made by adding to ap the letter s (also used in particles, as in ex, mox, vix). From the first, aps was used only before the letters c, q, t, and was very soon changed into abs (as ap into ab):

abs chorago,

Plaut. Pers. 1, 3, 79 (159 Ritschl):

abs quivis,

Ter. Ad. 2, 3, 1:

abs terra,

Cato, R. R. 51;

and in compounds: aps-cessero,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 1, 24 (625 R.); id. ib. 3, 2, 84 (710 R): abs-condo, abs-que, abs-tineo, etc. The use of abs was confined almost exclusively to the combination abs te during the whole ante-classic period, and with Cicero till about the year 700 A. U. C. (=B. C. 54). After that time Cicero evidently hesitates between abs te and a te, but during the last five or six years of his life a te became predominant in all his writings, even in his letters; consequently abs te appears but rarely in later authors, as in Liv. 10, 19, 8; 26, 15, 12;

and who, perhaps, also used abs conscendentibus,

id. 28, 37, 2; v. Drakenb. ad. h. l. (Weissenb. ab).—Finally abs, in consequence of the following p, lost its b, and became ds- in the three compounds aspello, as-porto, and as-pernor (for asspernor); v. these words.—The late Lat. verb abbrevio may stand for adbrevio, the d of ad being assimilated to the following b.The fundamental signification of ab is departure from some fixed point (opp. to ad. which denotes motion to a point).

In space, and,

Fig., in time and other relations, in which the idea of departure from some point, as from source and origin, is included; Engl. from, away from, out of; down from; since, after; by, at, in, on, etc.

Lit., in space: ab classe ad urbem tendunt, Att. ap. Non. 495, 22 (Trag. Rel. p. 177 Rib.):

Caesar maturat ab urbe proficisci,

Caes. B. G. 1, 7:

fuga ab urbe turpissima,

Cic. Att. 7, 21:

ducite ab urbe domum, ducite Daphnim,

Verg. E. 8, 68. Cicero himself gives the difference between ab and ex thus: si qui mihi praesto fuerit cum armatis hominibus extra meum fundum et me introire prohibuerit, non ex eo, sed ab ( from, away from) eo loco me dejecerit....Unde dejecti Galli? A Capitolio. Unde, qui cum Graccho fucrunt? Ex Capitolio, etc., Cic. Caecin. 30, 87; cf. Diom. p. 408 P., and a similar distinction between ad and in under ad.—Ellipt.: Diogenes Alexandro roganti, ut diceret, si quid opus esset: Nunc quidem paululum, inquit, a sole, a little out of the sun, Cic. Tusc. 5, 32, 92. —Often joined with usque:

illam (mulierem) usque a mari supero Romam proficisci,

all the way from, Cic. Clu. 68, 192; v. usque, I.—And with ad, to denote the space passed over: siderum genus ab ortu ad occasum commeant, from... to, Cic. N. D. 2, 19 init.; cf. ab... in:

venti a laevo latere in dextrum, ut sol, ambiunt,

Plin. 2, 47, 48, § 128.

Sometimes with names of cities and small islands, or with domus (instead of the usual abl.), partie., in militnry and nautieal language, to denote the marching of soldiers, the setting out of a flcet, or the departure of the inhabitants from some place:

oppidum ab Aenea fugiente a Troja conditum,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 33:

quemadmodum (Caesar) a Gergovia discederet,

Caes. B. G. 7, 43 fin.; so id. ib. 7, 80 fin.; Sall. J. 61; 82; 91; Liv. 2, 33, 6 al.; cf.:

ab Arimino M. Antonium cum cohortibus quinque Arretium mittit,

Caes. B. C. 1, 11 fin.; and:

protinus a Corfinio in Siciliam miserat,

id. ib. 1, 25, 2:

profecti a domo,

Liv. 40, 33, 2;

of setting sail: cum exercitus vestri numquam a Brundisio nisi hieme summa transmiserint,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 32; so id. Fam. 15, 3, 2; Caes. B. C. 3, 23; 3, 24 fin.:

classe qua advecti ab domo fuerant,

Liv. 8, 22, 6;

of citizens: interim ab Roma legatos venisse nuntiatum est,

Liv. 21, 9, 3; cf.:

legati ab Orico ad M. Valerium praetorem venerunt,

id. 24, 40, 2.

Sometimes with names of persons or with pronouns: pestem abige a me, Enn. ap. Cic. Ac. 2, 28, 89 (Trag. v. 50 Vahl.):

Quasi ad adulescentem a patre ex Seleucia veniat,

Plaut. Trin. 3, 3, 41; cf.:

libertus a Fuflis cum litteris ad Hermippum venit,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

Nigidium a Domitio Capuam venisse,

id. Att. 7, 24:

cum a vobis discessero,

id. Sen. 22:

multa merces tibi defluat ab Jove Neptunoque,

Hor. C. 1, 28, 29 al. So often of a person instead of his house, lodging, etc.: videat forte hic te a patre aliquis exiens, from the father, i. e. from his house, Ter. Heaut. 2, 2, 6:

so a fratre,

id. Phorm. 5, 1, 5:

a Pontio,

Cic. Att. 5, 3 fin.:

ab ea,

Ter. And. 1, 3, 21; and so often: a me, a nobis, a se, etc., from my, our, his house, etc., Plaut. Stich. 5, 1, 7; Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 50; Cic. Att. 4, 9, 1 al.

Transf., without the idea of motion. To designate separation or distance, with the verbs abesse, distare, etc., and with the particles longe, procul, prope, etc.

Of separation:

ego te afuisse tam diu a nobis dolui,

Cic. Fam. 2, 1, 2:

abesse a domo paulisper maluit,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 18, § 39:

tum Brutus ab Roma aberat,

Sall. C. 40, 5:

absint lacerti ab stabulis,

Verg. G. 4, 14.—

Of distance:

quot milia fundus suus abesset ab urbe,

Cic. Caecin. 10, 28; cf.:

nos in castra properabamus, quae aberant bidui,

id. Att. 5, 16 fin.; and:

hic locus aequo fere spatio ab castris Ariovisti et Caesaris aberat,

Caes. B. G. 1, 43, 1:

terrae ab hujusce terrae, quam nos incolimus, continuatione distantes,

Cic. N. D. 2, 66, 164:

non amplius pedum milibus duobus ab castris castra distabant,

Caes. B. C. 1, 82, 3; cf. id. lb. 1, 3, 103.—With adverbs: annos multos longinque ab domo bellum gerentes, Enn. ap. Non. 402, 3 (Trag. v. 103 Vahl.):

cum domus patris a foro longe abesset,

Cic. Cael. 7, 18 fin.; cf.:

qui fontes a quibusdam praesidiis aberant longius,

Caes. B. C. 3, 49, 5:

quae procul erant a conspectu imperii,

Cic. Agr. 2, 32, 87; cf.:

procul a castris hostes in collibus constiterunt,

Caes. B. G. 5, 17, 1; and:

tu procul a patria Alpinas nives vides,

Verg. E. 10, 46 (procul often also with simple abl.;

v. procul): cum esset in Italia bellum tam prope a Sicilia, tamen in Sicilia non fuit,

Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 2, § 6; cf.:

tu apud socrum tuam prope a meis aedibus sedebas,

id. Pis. 11, 26; and:

tam prope ab domo detineri,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 3, § 6.—So in Caesar and Livy, with numerals to designate the measure of the distance:

onerariae naves, quae ex eo loco ab milibus passuum octo vento tenebatur,

eight miles distant, Caes. B. G. 4, 22, 4; and without mentioning the terminus a quo: ad castra contenderunt, et ab milibus passunm minus duobus castra posuerunt, less than two miles off or distant, id. ib. 2, 7, 3; so id. ib. 2, 5, 32; 6, 7, 3; id. B. C. 1, 65; Liv. 38, 20, 2 (for which:

duo milia fere et quingentos passus ab hoste posuerunt castra,

id. 37, 38, 5). —

To denote the side or direction from which an object is viewed in its local relations,=a parte, at, on, in: utrum hacin feriam an ab laeva latus? Enn. ap. Plaut. Cist. 3, 10 (Trag. v. 38 Vahl.); cf.:

picus et cornix ab laeva, corvos, parra ab dextera consuadent,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 12: clamore ab ea parte audito. on this side, Caes. B. G. 3, 26, 4: Gallia Celtica attingit ab Sequanis et Helvetiis flumen Rhenum, on the side of the Sequani, i. e. their country, id. ib. 1, 1, 5:

pleraque Alpium ab Italia sicut breviora ita arrectiora sunt,

on the Italian side, Liv. 21, 35, 11:

non eadem diligentia ab decumuna porta castra munita,

at the main entrance, Caes. B. G. 3, 25 fin.:

erat a septentrionibus collis,

on the north, id. ib. 7, 83, 2; so, ab oriente, a meridie, ab occasu; a fronte, a latere, a tergo, etc. (v. these words).

Fig.

In time.

From a [p. 3] point of time, without reference to the period subsequently elapsed. After:

Exul ab octava Marius bibit,

Juv. 1,40:

mulieres jam ab re divin[adot ] adparebunt domi,

immediately after the sucrifice, Plaut. Poen. 3, 3, 4:

Caesar ab decimae legionis cohortatione ad dextrum cornu profectus,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

ab hac contione legati missi sunt,

immediately after, Liv. 24, 22, 6; cf. id. 28, 33, 1; 40, 47, 8; 40, 49, 1 al.:

ab eo magistratu,

after this office, Sall. J. 63, 5:

a summa spe novissima exspectabat,

after the greatest hope, Tac. A. 6, 50 fin. —Strengthened by the adverbs primum, confestim, statim, protinus, or the adj. recens, immediately after, soon after:

ut primum a tuo digressu Romam veni,

Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4; so Suet. Tib. 68:

confestim a proelio expugnatis hostium castris,

Liv. 30, 36, 1:

statim a funere,

Suet. Caes. 85;

and followed by statim: ab itinere statim,

id. ib. 60:

protinus ab adoptione,

Vell. 2, 104, 3:

Homerus qui recens ab illorum actate fuit,

soon after their time, Cic. N. D. 3, 5; so Varr. R. R. 2, 8, 2; Verg. A. 6, 450 al. (v. also primum, confestim, etc.).—

Sometimes with the name of a person or place, instead of an action: ibi mihi tuae litterae binae redditae sunt tertio abs te die,

i. e. after their departure from you, Cic. Att. 5, 3, 1: in Italiam perventum est quinto mense a Carthagine Nov[adot ], i. e. after leaving (=postquam a Carthagine profecti sunt), Liv. 21, 38, 1:

secundo Punico (bello) Scipionis classis XL. die a securi navigavit,

i. e. after its having been built, Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192. —Hence the poct. expression: ab his, after this (cf. ek toutôn), i. e. after these words, hereupon, Ov. M. 3, 273; 4, 329; 8, 612; 9, 764.

With reference to a subsequent period. From, since, after:

ab hora tertia bibebatur,

from the third hour, Cic. Phil. 2, 41:

infinito ex tempore, non ut antea, ab Sulla et Pompeio consulibus,

since the consulship of, id. Agr. 2, 21, 56:

vixit ab omni aeternitate,

from all eternity, id. Div. 1, 51, 115:

cum quo a condiscipulatu vivebat conjunctissime,

Nep. Att. 5, 3:

in Lycia semper a terrae motu XL. dies serenos esse,

after an earthquake, Plin. 2, 96, 98, § 211 al.:

centesima lux est haec ab interitu P. Clodii,

since the death of, Cic. Mil. 35, 98; cf.:

cujus a morte quintus hic et tricesimus annus est,

id. Sen. 6, 19; and:

ab incenso Capitolio illum esse vigesumiun annum,

since, Sall. C. 47, 2:

diebus triginta, a qua die materia caesa est,

Caes. B. C. 1, 36.—Sometimes joined with usque and inde:

quod augures omnes usque ab Romulo decreverunt,

since the time of, Cic. Vat. 8, 20:

jam inde ab infelici pugna ceciderant animi,

from the very beginning of, Liv. 2, 65 fin. —Hence the adverbial expressions ab initio, a principio, a primo, at, in, or from the beginning, at first; v. initium, principium, primus. Likewise ab integro, anew, afresh; v. integer.—Ab... ad, from (a time)... to:

ab hora octava ad vesperum secreto collocuti sumus,

Cic. Att. 7, 8, 4; cf.:

cum ab hora septima ad vesperum pugnatum sit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 26, 2; and:

a quo tempore ad vos consules anni sunt septingenti octoginta unus,

Vell. 1, 8, 4; and so in Plautus strengthened by usque:

pugnata pugnast usque a mane ad vesperum,

from morning to evening, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 97; id. Most. 3, 1, 3; 3, 2, 80.—Rarely ab... in: Romani ab sole orto in multum diei stetere in acie, from... till late in the day, Liv. 27, 2, 9; so Col. 2, 10, 17; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 2, 103, 106, § 229; 4, 12, 26, § 89.

Particularly with nouns denoting a time of life:

qui homo cum animo inde ab ineunte aetate depugnat suo,

from an early age, from early youth, Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 24; so Cic. Off. 2, 13, 44 al.:

mihi magna cum co jam inde a pueritia fuit semper famillaritas,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 9; so,

a pueritia,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 11, 27 fin.; id. Fam. 5, 8, 4:

jam inde ab adulescentia,

Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 16:

ab adulescentia,

Cic. Rep. 2, 1:

jam a prima adulescentia,

id. Fam. 1, 9, 23:

ab ineunte adulescentia,

id. ib. 13, 21, 1; cf.

followed by ad: usque ad hanc aetatem ab incunte adulescentia,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 20:

a primis temporibus aetatis,

Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 3:

a teneris unguiculis,

from childhood, id. ib. 1, 6, 2:

usque a toga pura,

id. Att. 7, 8, 5:

jam inde ab incunabulis,

Liv. 4, 36, 5:

a prima lanugine,

Suet. Oth. 12:

viridi ab aevo,

Ov. Tr. 4, 10, 17 al.;

rarely of animals: ab infantia,

Plin. 10, 63, 83, § 182.—Instead of the nom. abstr. very often (like the Greek ek paioôn, etc.) with concrete substantives: a pucro, ab adulescente, a parvis, etc., from childhood, etc.:

qui olim a puero parvulo mihi paedagogus fuerat,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 90; so,

a pausillo puero,

id. Stich. 1, 3, 21:

a puero,

Cic. Ac. 2, 36, 115; id. Fam. 13, 16, 4 (twice) al.:

a pueris,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 24, 57; id. de Or. 1, 1, 2 al.:

ab adulescente,

id. Quint. 3, 12:

ab infante,

Col. 1, 8, 2:

a parva virgine,

Cat. 66, 26 al. —Likewise and in the same sense with adject.: a parvo, from a little child, or childhood, Liv. 1, 39, 6 fin.; cf.:

a parvis,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 7; Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 9:

a parvulo,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 8; id. Ad. 1, 1, 23; cf.:

ab parvulis,

Caes. B. G. 6, 21, 3:

ab tenero,

Col. 5, 6, 20;

and rarely of animals: (vacca) a bima aut trima fructum ferre incipit,

Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 13.

In other relations in which the idea of going forth, proceeding, from something is included.

In gen. to denote departure, separation, deterring, avoiding, intermitting, etc., or distance, difference, etc., of inanimate or abstract things. From: jus atque aecum se a malis spernit procul, Enn. ap. Non. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

suspitionem et culpam ut ab se segregent,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 42:

qui discessum animi a corpore putent esse mortem,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 9, 18:

hic ab artificio suo non recessit,

id. ib. 1, 10, 20 al.:

quod si exquiratur usque ab stirpe auctoritas,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 180:

condicionem quam ab te peto,

id. ib. 2, 4, 87; cf.:

mercedem gloriae flagitas ab iis, quorum, etc.,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 15, 34:

si quid ab illo acceperis,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 2, 90:

quae (i. e. antiquitas) quo propius aberat ab ortu et divina progenie,

Cic. Tusc. 1, 12, 26:

ab defensione desistere,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12, 4:

ne quod tempus ab opere intermitteretur,

id. B. G. 7, 24, 2:

ut homines adulescentis a dicendi studio deterream,

Cic. de Or. 1, 25, 117, etc.—Of distance (in order, rank, mind, or feeling):

qui quartus ab Arcesila fuit,

the fourth in succession from, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 46:

tu nunc eris alter ab illo,

next after him, Verg. E. 5, 49; cf.:

Aiax, heros ab Achille secundus,

next in rank to, Hor. S. 2, 3, 193:

quid hoc ab illo differt,

from, Cic. Caecin. 14, 39; cf.:

hominum vita tantum distat a victu et cultu bestiarum,

id. Off. 2, 4, 15; and:

discrepare ab aequitate sapientiam,

id. Rep. 3, 9 fin. (v. the verbs differo, disto, discrepo, dissideo, dissentio, etc.):

quae non aliena esse ducerem a dignitate,

Cic. Fam. 4, 7:

alieno a te animo fuit,

id. Deiot. 9, 24 (v. alienus). —So the expression ab re (qs. aside from the matter, profit; cf. the opposite, in rem), contrary to one's profit, to a loss, disadvantageous (so in the affirmative very rare and only ante-class.):

subdole ab re consulit,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12; cf. id. Capt. 2, 2, 88; more frequently and class. (but not with Cicero) in the negative, non, haud, ab re, not without advantage or profit, not useless or unprofitable, adcantageous:

haut est ab re aucupis,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 71:

non ab re esse Quinctii visum est,

Liv. 35, 32, 6; so Plin. 27, 8, 35; 31, 3, 26; Suet. Aug. 94; id. Dom. 11; Gell. 18, 14 fin.; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 31, 22 al. (but in Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 44, ab re means with respect to the money matter).

In partic.

To denote an agent from whom an action proceeds, or by whom a thing is done or takes place. By, and in archaic and solemn style, of. So most frequently with pass. or intrans. verbs with pass. signif., when the active object is or is considered as a living being: Laudari me abs te, a laudato viro, Naev. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 31, 67: injuria abs te afficior, Enn. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 24, 38:

a patre deductus ad Scaevolam,

Cic. Lael. 1, 1:

ut tamquam a praesentibus coram haberi sermo videretur,

id. ib. 1, 3:

disputata ab eo,

id. ib. 1, 4 al.:

illa (i. e. numerorum ac vocum vis) maxime a Graecia vetere celebrata,

id. de Or. 3, 51, 197:

ita generati a natura sumus,

id. Off. 1, 29, 103; cf.:

pars mundi damnata a rerum natura,

Plin. 4, 12, 26, § 88:

niagna adhibita cura est a providentia deorum,

Cic. N. D. 2, 51 al. —With intrans. verbs:

quae (i. e. anima) calescit ab eo spiritu,

is warmed by this breath, Cic. N. D. 2, 55, 138; cf. Ov. M. 1, 417: (mare) qua a sole collucet, Cic. Ac. 2, 105:

salvebis a meo Cicerone,

i. e. young Cicero sends his compliments to you, id. Att. 6, 2 fin.:

a quibus (Atheniensibus) erat profectus,

i. e. by whose command, Nep. Milt. 2, 3:

ne vir ab hoste cadat,

Ov. H. 9, 36 al. —A substantive or adjective often takes the place of the verb (so with de, q. v.):

levior est plaga ab amico quam a debitore,

Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7; cf.:

a bestiis ictus, morsus, impetus,

id. Off. 2, 6, 19:

si calor est a sole,

id. N. D. 2, 52:

ex iis a te verbis (for a te scriptis),

id. Att. 16, 7, 5:

metu poenae a Romanis,

Liv. 32, 23, 9:

bellum ingens a Volscis et Aequis,

id. 3, 22, 2:

ad exsolvendam fldem a consule,

id. 27, 5, 6.—With an adj.:

lassus ab equo indomito,

Hor. S. 2, 2, 10:

Murus ab ingenic notior ille tuo,

Prop. 5, 1, 126:

tempus a nostris triste malis,

time made sad by our misfortunes, Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 36.—Different from per:

vulgo occidebantur: per quos et a quibus?

by whom and upon whose orders? Cic. Rosc. Am. 29, 80 (cf. id. ib. 34, 97: cujus consilio occisus sit, invenio; cujus manu sit percussus, non laboro); so,

ab hoc destitutus per Thrasybulum (i. e. Thrasybulo auctore),

Nep. Alc. 5, 4.—Ambiguity sometimes arises from the fact that the verb in the pass. would require ab if used in the active:

si postulatur a populo,

if the people demand it, Cic. Off. 2, 17, 58, might also mean, if it is required of the people; on the contrary: quod ab eo (Lucullo) laus imperatoria non admodum exspectabatur, not since he did not expect military renown, but since they did not expect military renown from him, Cic. Ac. 2, 1, 2, and so often; cf. Rudd. II. p. 213. (The use of the active dative, or dative of the agent, instead of ab with the pass., is well known, Zumpt, § 419. It is very seldom found in prose writers of the golden age of Roman liter.; with Cic. sometimes joined with the participles auditus, cognitus, constitutus, perspectus, provisus, susceptus; cf. Halm ad Cic. Imp. Pomp. 24, 71, and ad ejusdem, Cat. 1, 7 fin.; but freq. at a later period; e. g. in Pliny, in Books 2-4 of H. N., more than twenty times; and likewise in Tacitus seventeen times. Vid. the passages in Nipperd. ad Tac. A. 2, 49.) Far more unusual is the simple abl. in the designation of persons:

deseror conjuge,

Ov. H. 12, 161; so id. ib. 5, 75; id. M. 1, 747; Verg. A. 1, 274; Hor. C. 2, 4, 9; 1, 6, 2;

and in prose,

Quint. 3, 4, 2; Sen. Contr. 2, 1; Curt. 6, 7, 8; cf. Rudd. II. p. 212; Zumpt ad Quint. V. p. 122 Spalding.—Hence the adverbial phrase a se=uph heautou, sua sponte, of one's own uccord, spontaneously:

ipsum a se oritur et sua sponte nascitur,

Cic. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

(urna) ab se cantat quoja sit,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 21 (al. eapse; cf. id. Men. 1, 2, 66); so Col. 11, 1, 5; Liv. 44, 33, 6.

With names of towns to denote origin, extraction, instead of gentile adjectives. From, of:

pastores a Pergamide,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 1:

Turnus ab Aricia,

Liv. 1, 50, 3 (for which Aricinus, id. 1, 51, 1):

obsides dant trecentos principum a Cora atque Pometia liberos,

Liv. 2, 22, 2; and poet.: O longa mundi servator ab Alba, Auguste, thou who art descended from the old Alban race of kings (=oriundus, or ortus regibus Albanis), Prop. 5, 6, 37.

In giving the etymology of a name: eam rem (sc. legem, Gr. nomon) illi Graeco putant nomine a suum cuique tribuendo appellatam, ego nostro a legendo, Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 19: annum intervallum regni fuit: id ab re... interregnum appellatum, Liv. 1, 17, 6:

(sinus maris) ab nomine propinquae urbis Ambracius appellatus,

id. 38, 4, 3; and so Varro in his Ling. Lat., and Pliny, in Books 1-5 of H. N., on almost every page. (Cf. also the arts. ex and de.)

With verbs of beginning and repeating: a summo bibere, in Plaut. to drink in succession from the one at the head of the table:

da, puere, ab summo,

Plaut. As. 5, 2, 41; so,

da ab Delphio cantharum circum, id Most. 1, 4, 33: ab eo nobis causa ordienda est potissimum,

Cic. Leg. 1, 7, 21:

coepere a fame mala,

Liv. 4, 12, 7:

cornicem a cauda de ovo exire,

tail-foremost, Plin. 10, 16, 18:

a capite repetis, quod quaerimus,

Cic. Leg. 1, 6, 18 al.

With verbs of freeing from, defending, or protecting against any thing:

a foliis et stercore purgato,

Cato, R. R. 65 (66), 1:

tantumne ab re tuast oti tibi?

Ter. Heaut. 1, [p. 4] 1, 23; cf.:

Saguntini ut a proeliis quietem habuerant,

Liv. 21, 11, 5:

expiandum forum ab illis nefarii sceleris vestigiis,

Cic. Rab. Perd. 4, 11:

haec provincia non modo a calamitate, sed etiam a metu calamitatis est defendenda,

id. Imp. Pomp. 6, 14 (v. defendo):

ab incendio urbem vigiliis munitam intellegebat,

Sall. C. 32:

ut neque sustinere se a lapsu possent,

Liv. 21, 35, 12:

ut meam domum metueret atque a me ipso caveret,

Cic. Sest. 64, 133.

With verbs of expecting, fearing, hoping, and the like, ab =a parte, as, Cic. Att. 9, 7, 4: cum eadem metuam ab hac parte, since I fear the same from this side; hence, timere, metuere ab aliquo, not, to be afraid of any one, but, to fear something (proceeding from) from him:

el metul a Chryside,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 79; cf.:

ab Hannibale metuens,

Liv. 23, 36; and:

metus a praetore,

id. 23, 15, 7;

v. Weissenb. ad h. l.: a quo quidem genere, judices, ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59:

postquam nec ab Romanis robis ulla est spes,

you can expect nothing from the Romans, Liv. 21, 13, 4.

With verbs of fastening and holding:

funiculus a puppi religatus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

cum sinistra capillum ejus a vertice teneret,

Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 3.

Ulcisci se ab aliquo, to take vengeance on one:

a ferro sanguis humanus se ulciscitur,

Plin. 34, 14, 41 fin.

Cognoscere ab aliqua re to knoio or learn by means of something (different from ab aliquo, to learn from some one):

id se a Gallicis armis atque insignibus cognovisse,

Caes. B. G. 1, 22.

Dolere, laborare, valere ab, instead of the simple abl.:

doleo ab animo, doleo ab oculis, doleo ab aegritudine,

Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 62:

a morbo valui, ab animo aeger fui,

id. Ep. 1, 2, 26; cf. id. Aul. 2, 2, 9:

a frigore et aestu ne quid laborent,

Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 17; so,

a frigore laborantibus,

Plin. 32, 10, 46, § 133; cf.:

laborare ab re frumentaria,

Caes. B. G. 7, 10, 1; id. B. C. 3, 9; v. laboro.

Where verbs and adjectives are joined with ab, instead of the simple abl., ab defines more exactly the respect in which that which is expressed by the verb or adj. is to be understood, in relation to, with regard to, in respect to, on the part of:

ab ingenio improbus,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 59:

a me pudica'st,

id. Curc. 1, 1, 51:

orba ab optimatibus contio,

Cic. Fl. 23, 54; ro Ov. H. 6,156: securos vos ab hac parte reddemus, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 24 fin. (v. securus):

locus copiosus a frumento,

Cic. Att. 5, 18, 2; cf.:

sumus imparati cum a militibas tum a pecunia,

id. ib. 7, 15 fin.:

ille Graecus ab omni laude felicior,

id. Brut. 16, 63:

ab una parte haud satis prosperuin,

Liv. 1, 32, 2 al.;

so often in poets ab arte=arte,

artfully, Tib. 1, 5, 4; 1, 9, 66; Ov. Am. 2, 4, 30.

In the statement of the motive instead of ex, propter, or the simple abl. causae, from, out of, on account of, in consequence of: ab singulari amore scribo, Balb. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 7, B fin.:

linguam ab irrisu exserentem,

thrusting out the tongue in derision, Liv. 7, 10, 5:

ab honore,

id. 1, 8; so, ab ira, a spe, ab odio, v. Drak. ad Liv. 24, 30, 1: 26, 1, 3; cf. also Kritz and Fabri ad Sall. J. 31, 3, and Fabri ad Liv. 21, 36, 7.

Especially in the poets instead of the gen.:

ab illo injuria,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 129:

fulgor ab auro,

Lucr. 2, 5:

dulces a fontibus undae,

Verg. G. 2, 243.

In indicating a part of the whole, for the more usual ex, of, out of:

scuto ab novissimis uni militi detracto,

Caes. B. G. 2, 25, 1:

nonnuill ab novissimis,

id. ib.; Cic. Sest. 65, 137; cf. id. ib. 59 fin.: a quibus (captivis) ad Senatum missus (Regulus).

In marking that from which any thing proceeds, and to which it belongs:

qui sunt ab ea disciplina,

Cic. Tusc. 2, 3, 7:

ab eo qui sunt,

id. Fin. 4, 3, 7:

nostri illi a Platone et Aristotele aiunt,

id. Mur. 30, 63 (in imitation of oi upo tinos).

To designate an office or dignity (with or without servus; so not freq. till after the Aug. period;

in Cic. only once): Pollex, servus a pedibus meus,

one of my couriers, Cic. Att. 8, 5, 1; so,

a manu servus,

a secretary, Suet. Caes. 74: Narcissum ab eplstulis ( secretary) et Pallantem a rationibus ( accountant), id. Claud. 28; and so, ab actis, ab admissione, ab aegris, ab apotheca, ab argento, a balneis, a bibliotheca, a codicillis, a jumentis, a potione, etc. (v. these words and Inscr. Orell. vol. 3, Ind. xi. p. 181 sq.).

The use of ab before adverbs is for the most part peculiar to later Latinity:

a peregre,

Vitr. 5, 7 (6), 8:

a foris,

Plin. 17, 24, 37; Vulg. Gen, 7, 16; ib. Matt. 23, 27:

ab intus,

ib. ib. 7, 15:

ab invicem,

App. Herb. 112; Vulg. Matt. 25, 32; Cypr. Ep. 63, 9: Hier. Ep. 18:

a longe,

Hyg. Fab. 257; Vulg. Gen. 22, 4; ib. Matt. 26, 58:

a modo,

ib. ib. 23, 39;

Hier. Vit. Hilar.: a nune,

Vulg. Luc. 1, 48:

a sursum,

ib. Marc. 15, 38.

Ab is not repeated like most other prepositions (v. ad, ex, in, etc.) with pron. interrog. or relat. after subst. and pron. demonstr. with ab:

Arsinoen, Stratum, Naupactum...fateris ab hostibus esse captas. Quibus autem hostibus? Nempe iis, quos, etc.,

Cic. Pis. 37, 91:

a rebus gerendis senectus abstrahit. Quibus? An iis, quae in juventute geruntur et viribus?

id. Sen. 6:

a Jove incipiendum putat. Quo Jove?

id. Rep. 1, 36, 56:

res publica, quascumque vires habebit, ab iis ipsis, quibus tenetur, de te propediem impetrabit,

id. Fam. 4, 13, 5.—

Ab in Plantus is once put after the word which it governs: quo ab, As. 1, 1, 106.—

It is in various ways separated from the word which it governs:

a vitae periculo,

Cic. Brut. 91, 313:

a nullius umquam me tempore aut commodo,

id. Arch. 6, 12:

a minus bono,

Sall. C. 2, 6:

a satis miti principio,

Liv. 1, 6, 4:

damnis dives ab ipsa suis,

Ov. H. 9, 96; so id. ib. 12, 18; 13, 116.—

The poets join a and que, making aque; but in good prose que is annexed to the following abl. (a meque, abs teque, etc.):

aque Chao,

Verg. G. 4, 347:

aque mero,

Ov. M. 3, 631:

aque viro,

id. H. 6, 156:

aque suis,

id. Tr. 5, 2, 74 al. But:

a meque,

Cic. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

abs teque,

id. Att. 3, 15, 4:

a teque,

id. ib. 8, 11, §

7: a primaque adulescentia,

id. Brut. 91, 315 al. —

A Greek noun joined with ab stands in the dat.: a parte negotiati, hoc est pragmatikê, removisse, Quint. 3, 7, 1.

In composition ab,

Retains its original signif.: abducere, to take or carry away from some place: abstrahere, to draw auay; also, downward: abicere, to throw down; and denoting a departure from the idea of the simple word, it has an effect apparently privative: absimilis, departing from the similar, unlike: abnormis, departing from the rule, unusual (different from dissimilis, enormis); and so also in amens=a mente remotus, alienus ( out of one's senses, without self-control, insane): absurdus, missounding, then incongruous, irrational: abutor (in one of its senses), to misuse: aborior, abortus, to miscarry: abludo; for the privative force the Latin regularly employs in-, v. 2. in.—

It more rarely designates completeness, as in absorbere, abutor ( to use up). (The designation of the fourth generation in the ascending or descending line by ab belongs here only in appearance; as abavus for quartus pater, great-great-grandfather, although the Greeks introduced upopappos; for the immutability of the syllable ab in abpatrnus and abmatertera, as well as the signif. Of the word abavus, grandfather's grandfather, imitated in abnepos, grandchild's grandchild, seems to point to a derivation from avi avus, as Festus, p. 13 Mull., explains atavus, by atta avi, or, rather, attae avus.)

accūsātor, ōris, m. [id.], orig. one who calls another to account; hence, transferred to public life, an accuser, a plaintiff, esp. in a state-offence (while petitor signifies a plaintiff in private causes; yet accusator is often used for every kind of accuser, and then includes the petitor, v. accuso no. II. A.).

In gen. (very freq.):

accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,

Cic. Part. Or. 32, 110:

possumus petitoris personam capere, accusatoris deponere?

id. Quint. 13 fin.; cf. Quint. 6, 1, 36:

accusatores multos esse in civitate utile est, ut metu contineatur audacia,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 20:

acres atque acerbi,

id. Brut. 36:

vehemens et molestus,

id. ib. 34 fin.:

graves, voluntarii,

id. Leg. 3, 20, 47:

firmus verusque,

id. Div. in Caecil. 9, 29 al.:

eundem accusatorem capitis sui ac judicem esse,

Liv. 8, 32, 9:

ita ille imprudens ipse suus fuit accusator,

Nep. Lys. 4, 3:

graviter eos accusat quod, etc.,

Caes. B. G. 1, 16, 5:

accusatores tui,

Vulg. Act. 23, 35; 25, 18 al.—

Esp., in silv. age, an informer, a denouncer (= delator):

accusatorum denuntiationes,

Suet. Aug. 66; so Juv. 1, 161.

ăd-ĕo, ĭī, and rarely īvi, ĭtum (arch. adirier for adiri, Enn. Rib. Trag. p. 59), 4, v. n. and a. (acc. to Paul. ex Fest. should be accented a/deo; v. Fest. s. v. adeo, p. 19 Müll.; cf. the foll. word), to go to or approach a person or thing (syn.: accedo, aggredior, advenio, appeto).

Lit.

In gen., constr.

With ad (very freq.): sed tibi cautim est adeundum ad virum, Att. ap. Non. 512, 10:

neque eum ad me adire neque me magni pendere visu'st,

Plaut. Cur. 2, 2, 12:

adeamne ad eam?

Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; id. Eun. 3, 5, 30: aut ad consules aut ad te aut ad Brutum adissent, Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. 208, 5:

ad M. Bibulum adierunt, id. Fragm. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: ad aedis nostras nusquam adiit,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 24:

adibam ad istum fundum,

Cic. Caec. 29 —

With in: priusquam Romam atque in horum conventum adiretis, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 11, § 26 ed. Halm.—Esp.: adire in jus, to go to law:

cum ad praetorem in jus adissemus,

Cic. Verr. 4, § 147; id. Att. 11, 24; Caes. B. C. 1, 87, and in the Plebiscit. de Thermens. lin. 42: QVO DE EA RE IN IOVS ADITVM ERIT, cf. Dirks., Versuche S. p. 193.—

Absol.:

adeunt, consistunt, copulantur dexteras,

Plaut. Aul. 1, 2, 38:

eccum video: adibo,

Ter. Eun. 5, 7, 5.—

With acc.:

ne Stygeos adeam non libera manes,

Ov. M. 13, 465:

voces aetherias adiere domos,

Sil. 6, 253:

castrorum vias,

Tac. A. 2, 13:

municipia,

id. ib. 39:

provinciam,

Suet. Aug. 47:

non poterant adire eum,

Vulg. Luc. 8, 19:

Graios sales carmine patrio,

to attain to, Verg. Cat. 11, 62; so with latter supine:

planioribus aditu locis,

places easier to approach, Liv. 1, 33.—With local adv.:

quoquam,

Sall. J. 14:

huc,

Plaut. Truc. 2, 7, 60.—

Esp.,

To approach one for the purpose of addressing, asking aid, consulting, and the like, to address, apply to, consult (diff. from aggredior, q. v.). —Constr. with ad or oftener with acc.; hence also pass.:

quanto satius est, adire blandis verbis atque exquaerere, sintne illa, etc.,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 35:

aliquot me adierunt,

Ter. And. 3, 3, 2:

adii te heri de filia,

id. Hec. 2, 2, 9: cum pacem peto, cum placo, cum adeo, et cum appello meam, Lucil. ap. Non. 237, 28:

ad me adire quosdam memini, qui dicerent,

Cic. Fam. 3, 10:

coram adire et alloqui,

Tac. H. 4, 65.— Pass.:

aditus consul idem illud responsum retulit,

when applied to, Liv. 37, 6 fin.:

neque praetores adiri possent,

Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 2, 5.—Hence: adire aliquem per epistulam, to address one in writing, by a letter:

per epistulam, aut per nuntium, quasi regem, adiri eum aiunt,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 6, 9 and 10; cf. Tac. A. 4, 39; id. H. 1, 9.—So also: adire deos, aras, deorum sedes, etc., to approach the gods, their altars, etc., as a suppliant (cf.:

acced. ad aras,

Lucr. 5, 1199): quoi me ostendam? quod templum adeam? Att. ap. Non. 281, 6:

ut essent simulacra, quae venerantes deos ipsos se adire crederent,

Cic. N. D. 1, 27:

adii Dominum et deprecatus sum,

Vulg. Sap. 8, 21:

aras,

Cic. Phil. 14, 1:

sedes deorum,

Tib. 1, 5, 39:

libros Sibyllinos,

to consult the Sibylline Books, Liv. 34, 55; cf. Tac. A. 1, 76:

oracula,

Verg. A. 7, 82.—

To go to a thing in order to examine it, to visit:

oppida castellaque munita,

Sall. J. 94:

hiberna,

Tac. H. 1, 52.—

To come up to one in a hostile manner, to assail, attack:

aliquem: nunc prior adito tu, ego in insidiis hic ero,

Ter. Ph. 1, 4, 52:

nec quisquam ex agmine tanto audet adire virum,

Verg. A. 5, 379:

Servilius obvia adire arma jubetur,

Sil. 9, 272.

Fig.

To go to the performance of any act, to enter upon, to undertake, set about, undergo, submit to (cf.: accedo, aggredior, and adorior).—With ad or the acc. (class.):

nunc eam rem vult, scio, mecum adire ad pactionem,

Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 25:

tum primum nos ad causas et privatas et publicas adire coepimus,

Cic. Brut. 90:

adii causas oratorum, id. Fragm. Scaur. ap. Arus. p. 213 Lind.: adire ad rem publicam,

id. de Imp. Pomp. 24, 70:

ad extremum periculum,

Caes. B. C. 2, 7.—With acc.:

periculum capitis,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 38:

laboribus susceptis periculisque aditis,

id. Off. 1, 19:

in adeundis periculis,

id. ib. 24; cf.:

adeundae inimicitiae, subeundae saepe pro re publica tempestates,

id. Sest. 66, 139: ut vitae periculum aditurus videretur, Auct. B. G. 8, 48: maximos labores et summa pericula. Nep. Timol. 5:

omnem fortunam,

Liv. 25, 10:

dedecus,

Tac. A. 1, 39:

servitutem voluntariam,

id. G. 24:

invidiam,

id. A. 4, 70:

gaudia,

Tib. 1, 5, 39.—Hence of an inheritance, t. t., to enter on:

cum ipse hereditatem patris non adisses,

Cic. Phil. 2, 16; so id. Arch. 5; Suet. Aug. 8 and Dig.;

hence also: adire nomen,

to assume the name bequeathed by will, Vell. 2, 60.—

Adire manum alicui, prov., to deceive one, to make sport of (the origin of this phrase is unc.; Acidalius conjectures that it arose from some artifice practised in wrestling, Wagner ad Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 8):

eo pacto avarae Veneri pulcre adii manum,

Plaut. Poen. 2, 11; so id. Aul. 2, 8, 8; id. Cas. 5, 2, 54; id. Pers. 5, 2, 18.

ăd-ĕō̆, adv. [cf. quoad and adhuc] (acc. to Festus, it should be accented adéo, v. the preced. word; but this distinction is merely a later invention of the grammarians; [p. 33] cf. Gell. 7, 7).

In the ante-class. per.,

To designate the limit of space or time, with reference to the distance passed through; hence often accompanied by usque (cf. ad), to this, thus far, so far, as far.

Of space:

surculum artito usque adeo, quo praeacueris,

fit in the scion as far as you have sharpened it, Cato, R. R. 40, 3.— Hence: res adeo rediit, the affair has gone so far (viz., in deterioration, “cum aliquid pejus exspectatione contigit,” Don. ad Ter. Ph. 1, 2, 5):

postremo adeo res rediit: adulescentulus saepe eadem et graviter audiendo victus est,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 61; cf. id. Ph. 1, 2, 5.—

Of time, so long ( as), so long ( till), strengthened by usque, and with dum, donec, following, and in Cic. with quoad:

merces vectatum undique adeo dum, quae tum haberet, peperisset bona,

Plaut. Merc. 1, 1, 76; 3, 4, 72; id. Am. 1, 2, 10 al.:

nusquam destitit instare, suadere, orare, usque adeo donec perpulit,

Ter. And. 4, 1, 36; Cato, R. R. 67; id. ib. 76:

atque hoc scitis omnes usque adeo hominem in periculo fuisse, quoad scitum sit Sestium vivere,

Cic. Sest. 38, 82.—

For the purpose of equalizing two things in comparison, followed by ut: in the same degree or measure or proportion... in which; or so very, so much, so, to such a degree... as (only in comic poets), Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 38:

adeon hominem esse invenustum aut infelicem quemquam, ut ego sum?

Ter. And. 1, 5, 10.—Also followed by quasi, when the comparison relates to similarity:

gaudere adeo coepit, quasi qui cupiunt nuptias,

in the same manner as those rejoice who desire marriage, Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 12.—

(Only in the comic poets) = ad haec, praeterea, moreover, besides, too: ibi tibi adeo lectus dabitur, ubi tu haud somnum capias ( beside the other annoyances), a bed, too, shall be given you there, etc., Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 80.—Hence also with etiam:

adeo etiam argenti faenus creditum audio,

besides too, id. Most. 3, 1, 101.—

(Only in the comic poets.) Adeo ut, for this purpose that, to the end that:

id ego continuo huic dabo, adeo me ut hic emittat manu,

Plaut. Rud. 5, 3, 32:

id adeo te oratum advenio, ut, etc.,

id. Aul. 4, 10, 9:

adeo ut tu meam sententiam jam jam poscere possis, faciam, etc.,

id. ib. 3, 2, 26 (where Wagner now reads at ut):

atque adeo ut scire possis, factum ego tecum hoc divido,

id. Stich. 5, 4, 15. (These passages are so interpreted by Hand, I. p. 138; others regard adeo here = quin immo.)—

In narration, in order to put one person in strong contrast with another. It may be denoted by a stronger emphasis upon the word to be made conspicuous, or by yet, on the contrary, etc.:

jam ille illuc ad erum cum advenerit, narrabit, etc.: ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 4 sq.; so id. Merc. 2, 1, 8 al.

To the Latin of every period belongs the use of this word,

To give emphasis to an idea in comparison, so, so much, so very, with verbs, adjectives, and substantives:

adeo ut spectare postea omnīs oderit,

Plaut. Capt. prol. 65:

neminem quidem adeo infatuare potuit, ut ei nummum ullum crederet,

Cic. Fl. 20, 47:

adeoque inopia est coactus Hannibal, ut, etc.,

Liv. 22, 32, 3 Weiss.:

et voltu adeo modesto, adeo venusto, ut nil supra,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 92:

nemo adeo ferus est, ut, etc.,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 39.—With usque:

adeo ego illum cogam usque, ut mendicet meus pater,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 4, 10:

usque adeo turbatur,

even so much, so continually, Verg. E. 1, 12; Curt. 10, 1, 42; Luc. 1, 366.—In questions:

adeone me fuisse fungum, ut qui illi crederem?

Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 49:

adeone hospes hujus urbis, adeone ignarus es disciplinae consuetudinisque nostrae, ut haec nescias?

Cic. Rab. 10, 28; so id. Phil. 2, 7, 15; id. Fam. 9, 10; Liv. 2, 7, 10; 5, 6, 4.—With a negative in both clauses, also with quin in the last:

non tamen adeo virtutum sterile saeculum, ut non et bona exempla prodiderit,

Tac. H. 1, 3; so Suet. Oth. 9:

verum ego numquam adeo astutus fui, quin, etc.,

Ter. Ad. 2, 2, 13.—

Sometimes the concluding clause is to be supplied from the first: quis genus Aeneadum, quis Trojae nesciat urbem?... non obtusa adeo gestamus pectora Poeni, viz.,

that we know not the Trojans and their history, Verg. A. 1, 565:

adeo senuerunt Juppiter et Mars?

Juv. 6, 59.—Hence (post-Cic.): adeo non ut... adeo nihil ut... so little that, so far from that... (in reference to which, it should be noticed that in Latin the negative is blended with the verb in one idea, which is qualified by adeo) = tantum abest ut: haec dicta adeo nihil moverunt quemquam, ut legati prope violati sint, these words left them all so unmoved that, etc., or had so little effect, etc., Liv. 3, 2, 7: qui adeo non tenuit iram, ut gladio cinctum in senatum venturum se esse palam diceret, who restrained his anger so little that, etc. (for, qui non—tenuit iram adeo, ut), id. 8, 7, 5; so 5, 45, 4; Vell. 2, 66, 4: Curt. 3, 12, 22.—Also with contra in the concluding clause:

apud hostes Afri et Carthaginienses adeo non sustinebant, ut contra etiam pedem referrent,

Liv. 30, 34, 5. —

Adeo is placed enclitically after its word, like quidem, certe, and the Gr. ge, even, indeed, just, precisely. So,

Most freq. with pronouns, in order to render prominent something before said, or foll., or otherwise known (cf. in Gr. egôge, suge, autos ge, etc., Viger. ed. Herm. 489, vi. and Zeun.): argentariis male credi qui aiunt, nugas praedicant: nam et bene et male credi dico; id adeo hodie ego expertus sum, just this (touto ge), Plaut. Curc. 5, 3, 1; so id. Aul. 2, 4, 10; 4, 2, 15; id. Am. 1, 1, 98; 1, 2, 6; id. Ep. 1, 1, 51; 2, 2, 31; 5, 2, 40; id. Poen. 1, 2, 57: plerique homines, quos, cum nihil refert, pudet;

ubi pudendum'st ibi eos deserit pudor, is adeo tu es,

you are just such a one, id. Ep. 2, 1, 2:

cui tu obsecutus, facis huic adeo injuriam,

Ter. Hec. 4, 4, 68: tute adeo jam ejus verba audies, you yourself shall hear what he has to say (suge akousêi), Ter. And. 3, 3, 27: Dolabella tuo nihil scito mihi esse jucundius: hanc adeo habebo gratiam illi, i. e. hanc, quae maxima est, gratiam (tautên ge tên charin), Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 16:

haec adeo ex illo mihi jam speranda fuerunt,

even this, Verg. A. 11, 275.—It is often to be translated by the intensive and, and just, etc. (so esp. in Cic. and the histt.): id adeo, si placet, considerate, just that (touto ge skopeite), Cic. Caec. 30, 87:

id adeo ex ipso senatus consulto cognoscite,

id. Verr. 2, 4, 64, 143; cf. id. Clu. 30, 80:

ad hoc quicumque aliarum atque senatus partium erant, conturbari remp., quam minus valere ipsi malebant. Id adeo malum multos post annos in civitatem reverterat,

And just this evil, Sall. C. 37, 11; so 37, 2; id. J. 68, 3; Liv. 2, 29, 9; 4, 2, 2: id adeo manifestum erit, si cognoverimus, etc., and this, precisely this, will be evident, if, etc., Quint. 2, 16, 18 Spald.—It is rarely used with ille:

ille adeo illum mentiri sibi credet,

Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 6.—Sometimes with the rel. pron.: quas adeo haud quisquam liber umquam tetigit, Plaut: Poen. 1, 2, 57; Cic. Fin. 2, 12, 37. —With interrog. pron.:

Quis adeo tam Latinae linguae ignarus est, quin, etc.,

Gell. 7, 17.—Adeo is joined with the pers. pron. when the discourse passes from one person to another, and attention is to be particularly directed to the latter: Juppiter, tuque adeo summe Sol, qui res omnes inspicis, and thou especially, and chiefly thou, Enn. ap. Prob.:

teque adeo decus hoc aevi inibit,

Verg. E. 4, 11; id. G. 1, 24: teque, Neptune, invoco, vosque adeo venti, Poët. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73;

and without the copulative: vos adeo... item ego vos virgis circumvinciam,

Plaut. Rud. 3, 4, 25.— Ego adeo often stands for ego quidem, equidem (egôge):

tum libertatem Chrysalo largibere: ego adeo numquam accipiam,

Plaut. Bacch. 4, 7, 30; so id. Mil. 4, 4, 55; id. Truc. 4, 3, 73:

ego adeo hanc primus inveni viam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 16:

nec me adeo fallit,

Verg. A. 4, 96.—Ipse adeo (autos ge), for the sake of emphasis:

atque hercle ipsum adeo contuor,

Plaut. As. 2, 3, 24:

ipsum adeo praesto video cum Davo,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 4:

ipse adeo senis ductor Rhoeteus ibat pulsibus,

Sil. 14, 487.—

With the conditional conjj. si, nisi, etc. (Gr. ei ge), if indeed, if truly:

nihili est autem suum qui officium facere immemor est, nisi adeo monitus,

unless, indeed, he is reminded of it, Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 2: Si. Num illi molestae quippiam hae sunt nuptiae? Da. Nihil Hercle: aut si adeo, bidui est aut tridui haec sollicitudo, and if, indeed, etc. (not if also, for also is implied in aut), Ter. And. 2, 6, 7.—

With adverbs: nunc adeo (nun ge), Plaut. As. 3, 1, 29; id. Mil. 2, 2, 4; id. Merc. 2, 2, 57; id. Men. 1, 2, 11; id. Ps. 1, 2, 52; id. Rud. 3, 4, 23; Ter. And. 4, 5, 26; Verg. A. 9, 156: jam adeo (dê ge), id. ib. 5, 268; Sil. 1, 20; 12, 534; Val. Fl. 3, 70. umquam adeo, Plaut. Cas. 5, 4, 23:

inde adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 1:

hinc adeo,

Verg. E. 9, 59: sic adeo (houtôs ge), id. A. 4, 533; Sil. 12, 646:

vix adeo,

Verg. A. 6, 498:

non adeo,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 57; Verg. A. 11, 436. —

With adjectives = vel, indeed, even, very, fully:

quot adeo cenae, quas deflevi, mortuae!

how very many suppers, Plaut. Stich. 1, 3, 59: quotque adeo fuerint, qui temnere superbum... Lucil. ap. Non. 180, 2: nullumne malorum finem adeo poenaeque dabis (adeo separated from nullum by poet. license)? wilt thou make no end at all to calamity and punishment? Val. Fl. 4, 63:

trīs adeo incertos caeca caligine soles erramus,

three whole days we wander about, Verg. A. 3, 203; 7, 629.—And with comp. or the adv. magis, multo, etc.:

quae futura et quae facta, eloquar: multo adeo melius quam illi, cum sim Juppiter,

very much better, Plaut. Am. 5, 2, 3; so id. Truc. 2, 1, 5:

magis adeo id facilitate quam aliā ullā culpā meā, contigit,

Cic. de Or. 2, 4, 15.—

With the conjj. sive, aut, vel, in order to annex a more important thought, or to make a correction, or indeed, or rather, or even only:

sive qui ipsi ambīssent, seu per internuntium, sive adeo aediles perfidiose quoi duint,

Plaut. Am. prol. 71:

si hercle scivissem, sive adeo joculo dixisset mihi, se illam amare,

id. Merc. 5, 4, 33; so id. Truc. 4, 3, 1; id. Men. 5, 2, 74; Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 9: nam si te tegeret pudor, sive adeo cor sapientia imbutum foret, Pacuv. ap. Non. 521, 10:

mihi adeunda est ratio, quā ad Apronii quaestum, sive adeo, quā ad istius ingentem immanemque praedam possim pervenire,

or rather, Cic. Verr 2, 3, 46, 110; Verg. A. 11, 369; so, atque adeo:

ego princeps in adjutoribus atque adeo secundus,

Cic. Att. 1, 17, 9.—

With the imperative, for emphasis, like tandem, modo, dum, the Germ. so, and the Gr. ge (cf. L. and S.), now, I pray:

propera adeo puerum tollere hinc ab janua,

Ter. And. 4, 4, 20 (cf. xullabete g auton, Soph. Phil. 1003).—

Like admodum or nimis, to give emphasis to an idea (for the most part only in comic poets, and never except with the positive of the adj.; cf. Consent. 2023 P.), indeed, truly, so very, so entirely:

nam me ejus spero fratrem propemodum jam repperisse adulescentem adeo nobilem,

so very noble, Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 123:

nec sum adeo informis,

nor am I so very ugly, Verg. E. 2, 25:

nam Caii Luciique casu non adeo fractus,

Suet. Aug. 65:

et merito adeo,

and with perfect right, Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 42:

etiam num credis te ignorarier aut tua facta adeo,

do you, then, think that they are ignorant of you or your conduct entirely? id. Ph. 5, 8, 38.—

To denote what exceeds expectation, even: quam omnium Thebis vir unam esse optimam dijudicat, quamque adeo cives Thebani rumificant probam, and whom even the Thebans (who are always ready to speak evil of others) declare to be an honest woman, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 44.— Hence also it denotes something added to the rest of the sentence, besides, too, over and above, usually in the connection: -que adeo (rare, and never in prose; cf.

adhuc, I.): quin te Di omnes perdant qui me hodie oculis vidisti tuis, meque adeo scelestum,

and me too, Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 122; cf. id. 4, 2, 32:

haec adeo tibi me, ipsa palam fari omnipotens Saturnia jussit,

Verg. A. 7, 427.

After Caesar and Cicero (the only instance of this use adduced from Cicero's works, Off. 1, 11, 36, being found in a passage rejected by the best critics, as B. and K.).

For adding an important and satisfactory reason to an assertion, and then it always stands at the beginning of the clause, indeed, for:

cum Hanno perorāsset, nemini omnium cum eo certare necesse fuit: adeo prope omnis senatus Hannibalis erat: the idea is,

Hanno's speech, though so powerful, was ineffectual, and did not need a reply; for all the senators belonged to the party of Hannibal, Liv. 21, 11, 1; so id. 2, 27, 3; 2, 28, 2; 8, 37, 2; Tac. Ann. 1, 50, 81; Juv. 3, 274; 14, 233.—Also for introducing a parenthesis: sed ne illi quidem ipsi satis mitem gentem fore (adeo ferocia atque indomita [p. 34] ingenia esse) ni subinde auro... principum animi concilientur, Liv. 21, 20, 8; so id. 9, 26, 17; 3, 4, 2; Tac. A. 2, 28.—

When to a specific fact a general consideration is added as a reason for it, so, thus (in Livy very often):

haud dubius, facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore: adeo non fortuna modo, sed ratio etiam cum barbaris stabat,

thus not only fortune, but sagacity, was on the side of the barbarians, Liv. 5, 38, 4:

adeo ex parvis saepe magnarum momenta rerum pendent,

id. 27, 9, 1; so id. 4, 31, 5; 21, 33, 6; 28, 19; Quint. 1, 12, 7; Curt. 10, 2, 11; Tac. Agr. 1:

adeo in teneris consuescere multum est,

Verg. G. 2, 272.—

In advancing from one thought to another more important = immo, rather, indeed, nay: nulla umquam res publica ubi tantus paupertati ac parsimoniae honos fuerit: adeo, quanto rerum minus, tanto minus cupiditatis erat, Liv. praef. 11; so Gell. 11, 7; Symm. Ep. 1, 30, 37.—

With a negative after ne—quidem or quoque, so much the more or less, much less than, still less (post-Aug.):

hujus totius temporis fortunam ne deflere quidem satis quisquam digne potuit: adeo nemo exprimere verbis potest,

still less can one describe: it by words, Vell. 2, 67, 1:

ne tecta quidem urbis, adeo publicum consilium numquam adiit,

still less, Tac. A. 6, 15; so id. H. 3, 64; Curt. 7, 5, 35:

favore militum anxius et superbia viri aequalium quoque, adeo superiorum intolerantis,

who could not endure his equals even, much less his superiors, Tac. H. 4, 80.—So in gen., after any negative: quaelibet enim ex iis artibus in paucos libros contrahi solet: adeo infinito spatio ac traditione opus non est, so much the less is there need, etc., Quint. 12, 11, 16; Plin. 17, 12, 35, § 179; Tac. H. 3, 39.—(The assumption of a causal signif. of adeo = ideo, propterea, rests upon false readings. For in Cael. Cic. Fam. 8, 15 we should read ideo, B. and K., and in Liv. 24, 32, 6, ad ea, Weiss.).—See more upon this word in Hand, Turs. I. pp. 135-155.

ăd-huc, adv.

Prop., of place, to this place, hitherto, thus far (designating the limit, inclusive of the whole space traversed: hence often joined with usque; cf.

ad, A. 1. B.): conveniunt adhuc utriusque verba,

thus far, to this point, the statements of both agree, Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 20:

adhuc ea dixi, causa cur Zenoni non fuisset,

Cic. Fin. 4, 16, 44; cf. Auct. Her. 1, 9, 16:

his oris, quas angulo Baeticae adhuc usque perstrinximus,

Mel. 3, 6, 1.—Hence, in the desig. of measure or degree, so far, to such a degree:

et ipse Caesar erat adhuc impudens, qui exercitum et provinciam invito senatu teneret,

Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 4; so Liv. 21, 18, 4; Quint. 2, 19, 2; 8, 5, 20.—More frequently,

Transf.

Of time, until now, hitherto, as yet (designating the limit, together with the period already passed; cf.

ad, 1. B.): res adhuc quidem hercle in tuto est,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 48:

celabitur itidem ut celata adhuc est,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 20:

sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur,

Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 6:

ille vidit non modo, quot fuissent adhuc philosophorum de summo bono, sed quot omnino esse possent sententiae,

id. Fin. 5, 6, 16:

haec adhuc (sc. acta sunt): sed ad praeterita revertamur,

id. Att. 5, 20; so ib. 3, 14 fin.; 5, 17, 46; id. Agr. 3, 1, 1:

Britanni, qui adhuc pugnae expertes,

Tac. Agr. 37; so Curt. 7, 7, 8 al.—With usque or semper:

usque adhuc actum est probe,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 107; so id. Ps. 4, 7, 14; Ter. And. 1, 5, 27; id. Ad. 4, 4, 23; 5, 4, 5; id. Hec. 4, 1, 29; Cic. Rep. 2, 20:

quod adhuc semper tacui et tacendum putavi,

Cic. de Or. 1, 26, 119.—With dum in subordinate propositions, for the purpose of more accurate desig. of time:

quae adhuc te carens, dum hic fui, sustentabam,

what I have endured during the whole time that I have been here, until now, Plaut. Capt. 5, 1, 4:

adhuc dum mihi nullo loco deesse vis, numquam te confirmare potuisti,

Cic. Fam. 16, 4; so ib. 18.—Hence the adverbial expression (occurring once in Plautus): adhuc locorum, until now, hitherto: ut adhuc locorum feci, faciam sedulo, Capt. 2, 3, 25.— Adhuc denotes not merely a limitation of time in the present, but also, though more rarely, like usque eo and ad id tempus, and the Engl. as yet, in the past:

adhuc haec erant, ad reliqua alacri tendebamus animo,

Cic. Div. 2, 2, 4:

Abraham vero adhuc stabat,

Vulg. Gen. 18, 22:

unam adhuc a te epistulam acceperam,

Cic. Att. 7, 2:

cum adhuc sustinuisset multos dies,

Vulg. Act. 18, 18:

scripsi etiam illud quodam in libello... disertos me cognōsse nonnullos, eloquentem adhuc neminem,

id. de Or. 1, 21:

una adhuc victoria Carus Metius censebatur,

Tac. Agr. 45.—

Adhuc non, or neque adhuc, not as yet, not to this time: nihil adhuc, nothing as yet, or not at all as yet: numquam adhuc, never as yet, never yet:

cupidissimi veniendi maximis injuriis affecti, adhuc non venerunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, 65:

me adhuc non legisse turpe utrique nostrum est,

id. Fam. 7, 24, 7; so id. 3, 8, 25; 6, 14; 14, 6, 2; Mart. 7, 89, 10:

cui neque fulgor adhuc nec dum sua forma recessit,

Verg. A. 11, 70:

nihil adhuc peccavit etiam,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 78:

nihil adhuc est, quod vereare,

Ter. Heaut. 1, 2, 1:

sed quod quaeris, quando, qua, quo, nihil adhuc scimus,

Cic. Fam. 9, 7, 4; so 9, 17, 7; Caes. B. C. 3, 57; Nep. Milt. 5:

numquam etiam quicquam adhuc verborum est prolocutus perperam,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 92; cf. id. Capt. 5, 2, 7.—

For etiam nunc, yet, still; to denote continuance (apparently not used by Cic.):

stertis adhuc?

are you still snoring? Pers. 3, 58;

adhuc tranquilla res est,

it is still quiet, Ter. Ph. 3, 1, 15; so id. Ad. 1, 2, 42:

Ephesi regem est consecutus fluctuantem adhuc animo,

Liv. 33, 49, 7; so 21, 43, 14; Tac. A. 1, 8, 17; id. H. 2, 44, 73; 4, 17; id. Germ. 28; Suet. Aug. 56, 69; Plin. Ep. 4, 13, 1; Curt. 8, 6, 18: quinque satis fuerant; nam sex septemve libelli est nimium: quid adhuc ludere, Musa, juvat? why play still, still more, or further? Mart. 8, 3; so id. 4, 91.—

Hence also to denote that a thing is still remaining or existing:

at in veterum comicorum adhuc libris invenio,

I yet find in the old comic poets, Quint. 1, 7, 22:

quippe tres adhuc legiones erant,

were still left, Tac. H. 3, 9; so id. G. 34; id. Ann. 2, 26; Mart. 7, 44, 1.—With vb. omitted:

si quis adhuc precibus locus, exue mentem,

Verg. A. 4, 319.—

To denote that a thing has only reached a certain point, now first, just now: cum adhuc ( now for the first time) naso odos obsecutus es meo, da vicissim meo gutturi gaudium, Plaut. Curc. 1, 2, 9:

gangraenam vero, si nondum plane tenet, sed adhuc incipit, curare non difficillimum est,

Cels. 5, 26, 34; so Mart. 13, 102.—Hence, with deinde or aliquando following:

quam concedis adhuc artem omnino non esse, sed aliquando,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 246:

senatus priusquam edicto convocaretur ad curiam concurrit, obseratisque adhuc foribus, deinde apertis, tantas mortuo gratias agit, etc.,

Suet. Tit. 11; so Tac. A. 11, 23.—

To denote that a thing had reached a certain limit before another thing happened (in prose only after Livy), still, yet, while yet:

inconditam multitudinem adhuc disjecit,

he dispersed the multitude while yet unarranged, Tac. A. 3, 42.—

For etiam, insuper, praeterea, to denote that a thing occurs beside or along with another (belonging perhaps only to popular language, hence once in Plaut., and to the post-Aug. per.), besides, further, moreover:

addam minam adhuc istic postea,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 18:

unam rem adhuc adiciam,

Sen. Q. N. 4, 8:

sunt adhuc aliquae non omittendae in auro differentiae,

Plin. 33, 2, 10, § 37; so Quint. 2, 21, 6; 9, 4, 34; Val. Fl. 8, 429; Tac. A. 1, 17; id. Agr. 29; ib. 33; Flor. 1, 13, 17; Vulg. Amos, 4, 7; ib. Joan. 16, 12; ib. Heb. 11, 32.—

In later Lat. adhuc is used like etiam in the Cic. per., = eti, yet, still, for the sake of emphasis in comparisons; then, if it cnhances the comparative, it stands before it; but follows it, if that which the comp. expresses is added by way of augmentation; as, he has done a still greater thing, and he has still done a greater thing (this is the view of Hand, Turs. I. p. 166):

tum Callicles adhuc concitatior,

Quint. 2, 15, 28:

adhuc difficilior observatio est per tenores,

id. 1, 5, 22:

si marmor illi (Phidiae), si adhuc viliorem materiem obtulisses, fecisset, etc.,

Sen. Ep. 85, 34:

adhuc diligentius,

Plin. 18, 4: cui gloriae amplior [p. 36] adhuc ex opportunitate cumulus accessit, Suet. Tib. 17:

Di faveant, majora adhuc restant,

Curt. 9, 6, 23; so Quint. 10, 1, 99; Tac. G. 19; Suet. Ner. 10.

Adhuc sometimes = adeo, even (in the connection, et adhuc, -que adhuc; v. adeo, II.).

Ita res successit meliusque adhuc, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 9, 18:

Tellurem Nymphasque et adhuc ignota precatur flumina,

Verg. A. 7, 137:

Nil parvum sapias et adhuc sublimia cures,

Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 15; so ib. 2, 2, 114; Liv. 22, 49, 10; Sen. Ep. 49, 4.—

Absol.:

gens non astuta nec callida aperit adhuc secreta pectoris licentiā joci,

Tac. G. 22:

cetera similes Batavis, nisi quod ipso adhuc terrae suae solo et caelo acrius animantur,

ib. 29, 3 (cf.: ipse adeo under adeo, II., and at the end); so Stat. S. 1, 2, 55.—See more upon this word, Hand, Turs. I. pp. 156-167.

ad-mitto, mīsi, missum, 3, v. a. (admĭsse sync. for admisisse, Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 4: admittier arch. for admitti, as Verg. A. 9, 231), orig. to send to; hence with the access. idea of leave, permission (cf.: aditus, accessus), to suffer to come or go to a place, to admit. —Constr. with in and acc. ( in and abl. is rare and doubtful), ad, or dat. (class.).

Lit.

In gen.:

ad eam non admissa sum,

Ter. Hec. 2, 1, 41;

so Eun. 2, 2, 50: quam multis custodibus opus erit, si te semel ad meas capsas admisero,

Cic. Div. in Caecil. 16:

in cubiculum,

id. Phil. 8, 10:

lucem in thalamos,

Ov. A. A. 3, 807:

domum ad se filium,

Nep. Tim. 1:

plebem ad campestres exercitationes,

Suet. Ner. 10:

aliquem per fenestram,

Petr. Sat. 79; cf. Ov. A. A. 3, 605:

admissis intra moenia hostibus,

Flor. 1, 1.—

Esp.

Of those who admitted one on account of some business; and under the emperors, for the purpose of salutation, to allow one admittance or access, to grant an audience (the t. t. for this; v. admissio, admissionalis;

opp. excludere,

Cic. Cat. 1, 4, 10; Plin. Pan. 48; cf.

Schwarz ad h. 1. 47, 3): nec quemquam admisit,

admitted no one to his presence, Cic. Att. 13, 52:

domus clari hominis, in quam admittenda hominum cujusque modi multitudo,

id. Off. 1, 39: Casino salutatum veniebant;

admissus est nemo,

id. Phil. 2, 41, 105; Nep. Con. 3; id. Dat. 3; Suet. Aug. 79:

spectatum admissi,

Hor. A. P. 5:

admittier orant,

Verg. A. 9, 231:

turpius eicitur quam non admittitur hospes,

Ov. Tr. 5, 6, 13:

vetuit ad eum quemquam admitti,

Nep. Eum. 12; Curt. 4, 1, 25:

promiscuis salutationibus admittebat et plebem,

Suet. Aug. 52.—Metaph.:

ante fores stantem dubitas admittere Famam,

Mart. 1, 25.—

Of a harlot:

ne quemquam interea alium admittat prorsus quam me ad se virum,

Plaut. As. 1, 3, 83; Prop. 3, 20, 7.—Also of the breeding of animals, to put the male to the female (cf.:

admissarius, admissura, admissus),

Varr. R. R. 3, 9, 22; 3, 10, 3; Plin. 8, 43, 68 al.; cf. id. 10, 63, 83; Just. 1, 10; Col. 6, 37; 7, 2.—Also used of the female of animals, Varr. R. R. 2, 7, and Non. 69, 85.—

Admittere aliquem ad consilium, to admit one to counsel or consultation:

nec ad consilium casus admittitur,

Cic. Marc. 2, 7:

horum in numerum nemo admittebatur nisi qui, etc.,

Nep. Lys. 1 Halm.—Hence:

admittere aliquem ad honores, ad officium,

to admit him to, to confer on, Nep. Eum. 1; Suet. Caes. 41; Prop. 2, 34, 16; Sen. Herc. Oet. 335.—

Of a horse, to let go or run, to give loose reins to (cf.: remittere, immittere, less emphatic than concitare; usu. in the part. perf.):

admisso equo in mediam aciem irruere,

Cic. Fin. 2, 19, 61:

equites admissis equis ad suos refugerunt,

Caes. B. C. 2, 34:

Considius equo admisso ad eum accurrit,

came at full speed, id. B. G. 1, 22:

in Postumium equum infestus admisit,

Liv. 2, 19; so Ov. H. 1, 36; id. M. 6, 237.—Hence of the hair, to let it flow loosely:

admissae jubae,

Ov. Am. 2, 16, 50 al. [p. 41]

Fig.

Of words, entreaties, etc., to permit a thing to come, to give access or grant admittance, to receive:

pacis mentionem admittere auribus,

Liv. 34, 49;

so 30, 3: nihil quod salutare esset, ad aurĭs admittebant,

id. 25, 21:

quo facilius aures judicum, quae post dicturi erimus, admittant,

Quint. 4, 3, 10.—Hence also absol.:

admittere precationem,

to hear, to grant, Liv. 31, 5 Gron.; Sil. 4, 698: tunc admitte jocos, give admittance to jesting, i. e. allow it, Mart. 4, 8.—So also:

aliquid ad animum,

Liv. 7, 9:

cogitationem,

Lact. 6, 13, 8.—

Of an act, event, etc., to let it be done, to allow, permit (“fieri pati,” Don. ad Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 23).—With acc. of thing:

sed tu quod cavere possis stultum admittere est, Ter. l. c.: quod semel admissum coërceri non potest,

Cic. Fin. 1, 1, 4:

non admittere litem,

id. Clu. 116:

aspicere ecquid jam mare admitteret,

Plin. Ep. 6, 16, 17:

non admittere illicita,

Vulg. 2 Macc. 6, 20.—With subj. clause:

hosti non admissuro, quo minus aggrederetur,

Tac. H. 2, 40.—With acc. and inf.:

non admisit quemquam se sequi,

Vulg. Marc. 5, 37; so acc. of person alone:

non admisit eum,

ib. 5, 19.—Hence, in the language of soothsayers, t. t. of birds which give a favorable omen, = addīco, to be propitious, to favor:

inpetritum, inauguratum'st, quovis admittunt aves,

Plaut. As. 2, 1, 11:

ubi aves non admisissent,

Liv. 1, 36, 6; id. 4, 18 al. (hence: ADMISSIVAE: aves, in Paul. ex Fest. p. 21. Müll.).—

Of an unlawful act, design, etc., to grant admittance to one's self; hence, become guiliy of, to perpetrate, to commit (it thus expresses rather the moral liability incurred freely; while committere designates the overt act, punishable by civil law, Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 3, 9; freq. and class.), often with a reflexive pron., in me, etc. (acc.):

me hoc delictum admisisse in me, vehementer dolet,

Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 48:

ea in te admisisti quae, etc.,

Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 47:

tu nihil admittes in te formidine poenae,

Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 53:

admittere in se culpam,

Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 61; Ter. Phorm. 2, 1, 40:

scelera, quae in se admiserit,

Lucil. 27, 5 Müll.:

quid umquam Habitus in se admisit, ut, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 60, 167:

quantum in se facinus,

Caes. B. G. 3, 9.—And without such reflexive pron.:

cum multos multa admĭsse acceperim,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 7, 4:

quid ego tantum sceleris admisi miser?

Ter. Heaut. 5, 2, 83; so,

si Milo admisisset aliquid, quod, etc.,

Cic. Mil. 23 fin.:

dedecus,

id. Verr. 1, 17:

commissum facinus et admissum dedecus confitebor,

id. Fam. 3, 10, 7:

tantum dedecus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 25:

si quod facinus,

id. ib. 6, 12:

flagitium,

Cic. Clu. 128:

fraudem,

id. Rab. 126:

maleficium,

id. Sext. Rosc. 62:

scelus,

Nep. Ep. 6:

facinus miserabile,

Sall. J. 53, 7:

pessimum facinus pejore exemplo,

Liv. 3, 72, 2:

tantum dedccoris,

id. 4, 2; so 2, 37; 3, 59 al.

ap-păro ( adp-, Ritschl, Fleck., Bait.; app-, Lachm., Kayser, Weissenb., Halm), āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to prepare or make ready for something (esp. with effort, care, expense), to put in order, provide, furnish, equip, etc. (freq. and class.).

Lit.:

alicui prandium adparare,

Plaut. Men. 1, 2, 61:

cenam adparare, Ter Heaut. 1, 1, 74: convivium,

id. Ad. 5, 9, 8:

ornare et apparare convivium,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 20; * Hor. Epod. 2, 48; Suet. Claud. 33; cf. id. Caes. 26:

nuptias,

Ter. And. 3, 2, 34; so id. Phorm. 4, 4, 20:

bellum apparare,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 12, 35:

ludos magnificentissimos,

id. Q. Fr. 3, 8 (cf. apparatus, II. B.):

iter ad caedem faciendam,

id. Mil. 10, 28:

aggerem,

Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

bellum armaque vi summā,

Liv. 4, 1; 6, 21.—With ad:

ad hostes bellum apparatur,

Liv. 7, 7.— With in:

in Sestium adparabantur crimina,

Cic. ad Q. Fr. 2, 3, 6.—

Trop.:

nunc hoc consilium capio et hanc fabricam adparo,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 2, 139:

ut tibi auxilium adparetur,

id. Ep 3, 2, 18.—Constr. with inf. as object:

delinire adparas,

Plaut. As. 2, 4, 28:

meam exscindere gentem apparat,

Stat. Th. 4, 670:

traicere ex Siciliā,

Suet. Aug. 47.— Absol. (cf Ruhnk. Dict. ad Ter. And. 1, 5, 19; Corte ad Sall. C. 6, 5, Bremi ad Nep. Thras. 2, 2):

dum adparatur,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 35:

cum in apparando esset occupatus,

Nep. Hann. 7, 1.—With ut:

ut eriperes, adparabas,

Plaut. Aul. 5, 18.—Se apparare with inf. in Plaut.:

qui sese parere adparent legibus,

Plaut. As. 3, 3, 11.—Hence, appărā-tus ( adp-), a, um, P. a., pr. prepared; hence,

Of persons, prepared, ready:

adparatus sum, ut videtis,

Plaut. Merc. 5, 2, 10:

adparatus et meditatus ad causam accedo,

Cic. Leg. 1, 4, 12.—

Of things, well supplied, furnished with every thing:

domus omnibus instructior rebus et apparatior,

Cic. Inv. 1, 34.—Hence, magnificent, splendid, sumptuous (cf. apparatus, II. B.):

ludi apparatissimi et magnificentissimi,

Cic. Sest. 54:

apparatis accipere epulis,

Liv. 23, 4 Drak.:

apparatissimae epulae,

Sen. Ep. 83:

apparatissimum funus,

Suet. Ner. 9: munus apparatissimum largissimumque, id. Tit. 7.— Trop., of discourse, too studied, far-felched, labored: ut non apparata oratio esse videatur, Auct. ad Her. 1, 7; so,

verba apparata,

id. ib. (cf. apparatio).— Adv.: appărātē ( adp-), sumptuously:

et edit et bibit opipare sane et adparate,

Cic. Att. 13, 52:

ludi Romani scaenici eo anno magnifice apparateque facti (sunt),

Liv. 31, 4.— Comp.: Potes apparatius cenare apud multos;

nusquam hilarius,

Plin. Ep. 1, 15.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

ad-verto (archaic advor-), ti, sum, 3, v. a., to turn a thing to or toward a place (in this signif., without animus; mostly poet.; syn.: observare, animadvertere, videre, cognoscere).

Lit.

In gen., with in or dat.:

illa sese huc advorterat in hanc nostram plateam,

Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 51:

in quamcunque domus lumina partem,

Ov. M. 6, 180; cf. id. ib. 8, 482:

malis numen,

Verg. A. 4, 611:

huc aures, huc, quaeso, advertite sensus,

Sil. 16, 213; cf. id. 6, 105.—

Esp., a naut. t. t., to turn, direct, steer a ship to a place:

classem in portum,

Liv. 37, 9 Drak.:

terrae proras,

Verg. A. 7, 35; id. G. 4, 117 al.:

Colchos puppim,

Ov. H. 12, 23.— Absol.:

profugi advertere coloni,

landed, Sil. 1, 288;

hence also transf. to other things: aequore cursum,

Verg. A. 7, 196:

pedem ripae,

id. ib. 6, 386:

urbi agmen,

id. ib. 12, 555: adverti with acc. poet. for verti ad:

Scythicas advertitur oras,

Ov. M. 5, 649 (cf. adducor litora remis, id. ib. 3, 598, and Rudd. II. p. 327).

Fig.

Animum (in the poets and Livy also animos, rarely mentem) advertere; absol., or with adv. or ad aliquid, or alicui rei, to direct the mind, thoughts, or attention to a thing, to advert to, give attention to, attend to, to heed, observe, remark:

si voles advortere animum, Enn. ap. Var. L. L. 7, § 89 Müll. (Trag. v. 386 Vahl.): facete advortis animum tuum ad animum meum,

Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 39:

nunc huc animum advortite ambo,

id. ib. 3, 1, 169:

advertunt animos ad religionem,

Lucr. 3, 54:

monitis animos advertite nostris,

Ov. M. 15, 140:

animum etiam levissimis rebus adverterent,

Tac. A. 13, 49.—With ne, when the object of attention is expressed:

ut animum advertant, ne quos offendant,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68:

adverterent animos, ne quid novi tumultūs oriretur,

Liv. 4, 45.—

Animum advertere, to observe a thing by directing the mind to it, to observe, to notice, to remark, to perceive (in the class. period contracted to animadvertere, q. v.).—Constr. with two accusatives, animum advertere aliquid (where aliquid may be regarded as depending on the prep. in comp., Roby, § 1118, or on animum advertere, considered as one idea, to observe), with acc. and inf., or rel. clause (the first mode of construction, most frequent with the pronouns id, hoc, illud, etc., is for the most part ante-class., and appears in Caes., Cic., and Sall. as an archaism):

et hoc animum advorte,

Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 43:

hanc edictionem,

id. ib. 1, 2, 10:

haec animum te advertere par est,

Lucr. 2, 125:

animum adverti columellam e dumis eminentem,

Cic. Tusc. 5, 23, 65; id. Inv. 2, 51, 153:

Postquam id animum advertit,

Caes. B. G. 1, 24; 4, 12:

quidam Ligus animum advortit inter saxa repentīs cocleas,

Sall. J. 93, 2. In Vitruv. once with hinc:

ut etiam possumus hinc animum advertere,

as we can hence perceive, Vitr. 10, 22, 262.—With the acc. and inf.:

postquam tantopere id vos velle animum advorteram,

Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:

animum advertit magnas esse copiashostium instructas,

Caes. B. G. 5, 18: cum animum adverteret locum relictum esse, Auct. B. Alex. 31; ib. 46.—With the rel. clause: nunc quam rem vitio dent, quaeso, animum advortite, Ter. And. prol. 8: quid ille sperare possit, animum adverte, Dolab. ap. Cic. Fam. 9, 9:

quam multarum rerum ipse ignarus esset... animum advertit,

Liv. 24, 48. Sometimes advertere alone = animum advertere; so once in Cicero's letters: nam advertebatur Pompeii familiares assentiri Volcatio, Fam. 1, 1 (although here, as well as almost everywhere, the readings fluctuate between advertere and animadvertere; cf. Orell. ad h. l.; animadvertebatur, B. and K.). So Verg. in the imp.:

qua ratione quod instat, Confieri possit, paucis, adverte, docebo,

attend! Verg. A. 4, 115.—In the histt., esp. Tac. and Pliny, more frequently:

donec advertit Tiberius,

Tac. A. 4, 54:

Zenobiam advertere pastores,

id. ib. 12, 51:

advertere quosdam cultu externo in sedibus senatorum,

id. ib. 13, 54:

quotiens novum aliquid adverterat,

id. ib. 15, 30 al.:

hirudo quam sanguisugam appellari adverto,

Plin. 8, 10, 10, § 29:

ut multos adverto credidisse,

id. 2, 67, 67, § 168. Still more rarely, advertere animo:

animis advertite vestris,

Verg. A. 2, 712:

hanc scientiam ad nostros pervenisse animo adverto,

Plin. 25, 2, 3, § 5; cf. Drak. ad Liv. 4, 27, 8.—

To draw or turn something, esp. the attention of another, to or upon one's self (in the histt.):

gemitus ac planctus militum aures oraque advertere,

Tac. A. 1, 41:

octo aquilae imperatorem advertere,

id. ib. 2, 17: recentia veteraque odia advertit, drew them on himself, id. ib. 4, 21 al.—

To call the attention of one to a definite act, i. e. to admonish of it, to urge to it (cf. II. A.):

non docet admonitio, sed advertit,

i. e. directs attention, Sen. Ep. 94:

advertit ea res Vespasiani animum, ut, etc.,

Tac. H. 3, 48.—

Advertere in aliquem, for the more usual animadvertere in aliquem, to attend to one, i. e. to punish one (only in Tac.):

in P. Marcium consules more prisco advertere,

Tac. A. 2, 32:

ut in reliquos Sejani liberos adverteretur,

id. ib. 5, 9 (cf. id. Germ. 7, 3: animadvertere).—Hence,

adversus (archaic advor-), a, um, P. a., turned to or toward a thing, with the face or front toward, standing over against, opposite, before, in front of (opp. aversus).

In gen.:

solem adversum intueri,

Cic. Somn. Scip. 5:

Iris... Mille trahens varios adverso sole colores,

Verg. A. 4, 701; id. G. 1, 218:

antipodes adversis vestigiis stant contra nostra vestigia,

Cic. Ac. 2, 39: dentes adversi acuti ( the sharp front teeth) morsu dividunt escas, Cic. N. D. 2, 54:

quod is collis, tantum adversus in latitudinem patebat, quantum etc.,

Caes. B. G. 2, 8 Herz. So, hostes adversi, who make front against one advancing or retreating, id. ib. 2, 24:

L. Cotta legatus in adversum os fundā vulneratur,

in front, Caes. B. G. 5, 35; cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 1; Liv. 21, 7 fin. al.; hence, vulnus adversum, a wound in front (on the contr., vulnus aversum, a wound in the back), Cic. Har. Resp. 19:

adversis vulneribus,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 35, 4:

judicibus cicatrices adversas ostendere,

Cic. de Or. 2, 28:

cicatrices populus Romanus aspiceret adverso corpore exceptas,

id. Verr. 5, 3:

impetus hostium adversos, Auct. B. Alex. 8: Romani advorso colle evadunt,

ascend the hill in front, Sall. J. 52:

adversa signa,

Liv. 30, 8:

legiones quas Visellius et C. Silius adversis itineribus objecerant,

i. e. marches in which they went to meet the enemy, Tac. A. 3, 42: sed adverso fulgure ( by a flash of lightning falling directly before him) pavefactus est Nero, Suet. Ner. 48:

armenta egit Hannibal in adversos montes,

Quint. 2, 17, 19; cf. Lucr. 3, 1013; so Hor. S. 1, 1, 103; 2, 3, 205:

qui timet his adversa,

the opposite of this, id. Ep. 1, 6, 9 al. —Hence, of rivers: flumine adverso, up the stream, against the stream:

in adversum flumen contendere,

Lucr. 4, 423:

adverso feruntur flumine,

id. 6, 720; so Verg. G. 1, 201:

adverso amne,

Plin. 18, 6, 7, § 33;

adverso Tiberi subvehi,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 22, 3 (opp. to secundā aquā, down stream, with the stream:

rate in secundam aquam labente,

Liv. 21, 47, 3); and of winds, opposed to a vessel's course, head winds, contrary winds, consequently unfavorable, adverse:

navigationes adversis ventis praecluduntur, Auct. B. Alex. 8: adversissimi navigantibus venti,

Caes. B. C. 3, 107.— Subst.: adversum, i, the opposite: hic ventus a septentrionibus oriens adversum tenet Athenis proficiscentibus, [p. 50] holds the opposite to those sailing from Athens, i. e. blows against them, Nep. Milt. 1 (so Nipperdey; but v. Hand, Turs. I. p. 183). — Adv.: ex adverso, also written exadverso and exadversum, opposite to, over against, ek tou enantiou:

portus ex adverso urbi positus,

Liv. 45, 10.—With gen.:

Patrae ex adverso Aetoliae et fluminis Eveni,

Plin. 4, 4, 5, § 11.—Without case:

cum ex adverso starent classes,

Just. 2, 14; so Suet. Caes. 39; Tib. 33.—In adversum, to the opposite side, against:

et duo in adversum immissi per moenia currus,

against each other, Prop. 3, 9, 23; so Gell. 2, 30; cf. Verg. A. 8, 237;

in adversum Romani subiere,

Liv. 1, 12; 7, 23.—

In hostile opposition to, adverse to, unfavorable, unpropitious (opp. secundus; frequent and class.): conqueri fortunam adversam, Pac. ap. Cic. Tusc. 2, 21, 50:

hic dies pervorsus atque advorsus mihi obtigit,

Plaut. Men. 5, 5, 1:

advorsus nemini,

Ter. And. 1, 1, 37:

mentes improborum mihi infensae et adversae,

Cic. Sull. 10:

acclamatio,

id. de Or. 2, 83: adversā avi aliquid facere, vet. poët. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 16:

adversis auspiciis,

Aur. Vict. Vir. Illustr. 64, 6:

adversum omen,

Suet. Vit. 8:

adversissima auspicia,

id. Oth. 8: adversae res, misfortune, calamity, adverse fortune:

ut adversas res, sic secundas immoderate ferre levitatis est,

Cic. Off. 1, 26; cf.:

adversi casus,

Nep. Dat. 5:

adversae rerum undae,

a sea of troubles, Hor. Ep. 1, 2, 22: omnia secundissima nobis, adversissima illis accidisse, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 10, 9 (the sup. is found also in Cæs. B. C. 3, 107):

quae magistratus ille dicet, secundis auribus, quae ab nostrum quo dicentur, adversis accipietis?

Liv. 6, 40:

adversus annus frugibus,

id. 4, 12:

valetudo adversa,

i. e. sickness, id. 10, 32:

adversum proelium,

an unsuccessful engagement, id. 7, 29; cf.

8, 31: adverso rumore esse,

to be in bad repute, to have a bad reputation, Tac. Ann. 14, 11:

adversa subsellia,

on which the opposition sit, Quint. 6, 1, 39.—Sometimes met. of feeling, contrary to, hated, hateful, odious:

quīs omnia regna advorsa sint,

Sall. J. 83; cf. Luc. 2, 229 Bentl.— Comp.:

neque est aliud adversius,

Plin. 32, 4, 14, § 35.—

* Adv.: adver-sē, self-contradictorily, Gell. 3, 16.— ad-versum, i, subst., esp. in the plur. adversa, misfortune, calamity, disaster, adversity, evil, mischief:

advorsa ejus per te tecta sient,

Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 28:

nihil adversi,

Cic. Brut. 1, 4:

si quid adversi accidisset,

Nep. Alc. 8; cf. Liv. 22, 40; 35, 13:

secunda felices, adversa magnos probant,

Plin. Pan. 31;

esp. freq. in Tac.: prospera et adversa pop. Rom., Ann. 1, 1: adversa tempestatum et fluctuum,

id. Agr. 25; so id. A. 3, 24; 45; 2, 69; 4, 13 al.— Subst.: adversus, i, m., an opponent, adversary (rare):

multosque mortalīs ea causa advorsos habeo,

Sall. C. 52, 7.—In Quint. also once ad-versa, ae, f., subst., a female opponent or adversary: natura noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, invenit, 12, 1, 2.—

In rhet., opposed to another of the same genus, e. g. sapientia and stultitia: “Haec quae ex eodem genere contraria sunt, appellantur adversa,” Cic. Top. 11.

adversus or adversum (archaic advor-) (like rursus and rursum, prorsus and prorsum, quorsus and quorsum), adv. and prep., denoting direction to or toward an object (syn.: contra, in with acc., ad, erga).

Adv.: opposite to, against, to, or toward a thing, in a friendly or hostile sense:

ibo advorsum,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 29:

facito, ut venias advorsum mihi,

id. Men. 2, 3, 82:

obsecro te, matri ne quid tuae advorsus fuas, Liv. And. ap. Non. s. v. fuam, 111, 12 (Trag. Rel. p. 3 Rib.): quis hic est, qui advorsus it mihi?

Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 22:

adversus resistere,

Nep. Pelop. 1, 3:

nemo adversus ibat,

Liv. 37, 13, 8 al. In Plaut. and Ter. advorsum ire, or venire, to go to meet; also of a slave, to go to meet his master and bring him from a place (hence adversitor, q. v.):

solus nunc eo advorsum hero ex plurimis servis,

Plaut. Most. 4, 1, 23:

ei advorsum venimus,

id. ib. 4, 2, 32; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 2 Ruhnk.—

Prep. with acc., toward or against, in a friendly or a hostile sense.

In a friendly sense.

Of place, turned to or toward, opposite to, before, facing, over against: qui cotidie unguentatus adversum speculum ornetur, before the mirror, Scipio ap. Gell. 7, 12:

adversus advocatos,

Liv. 45, 7, 5:

medicus debet residere illustri loco adversus aegrum,

opposite to the patient, Cels. 3, 6:

adversus Scyllam vergens in Italiam,

Plin. 3, 8, 14, § 87:

Lerina, adversum Antipolim,

id. 3, 5, 11, § 79.—

In the presence of any one, before:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar, mater mea?

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9: idque gratum fuisse advorsum te habeo gratiam, I am thankful that this is acceptable before ( to) thee, Ter. And. 1, 1, 15: paululum adversus praesentem fortitudinem mollitus, somewhat softened at such firmness (of his wife), Tac. A. 15, 63.—Hence very often with verbs of speaking, answering, complaining, etc., to declare or express one's self to any one, to excuse one's self or apologize, and the like: te oportet hoc proloqui advorsum illam mihi, Enn. ap. Non. 232, 24 (Trag. v. 385 Vahl.):

immo si audias, quae dicta dixit me advorsum tibi,

what he told me of you, Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 47: de vita ac morte domini fabulavere advorsum fratrem illius, Afran. ap. Non. 232, 25:

mulier, credo, advorsum illum res suas conqueritur,

Titin. ib. 232, 21:

utendum est excusatione etiam adversus eos, quos invitus offendas,

Cic. Off. 2, 19, 68; Tac. A. 3, 71.— With that to which a reply is made, to (= ad):

adversus ea consul... respondit,

Liv. 4, 10, 12; 22, 40, 1; cf. Drak. ad 3, 57, 1.—

In comparison, as if one thing were held toward, set against, or before another (v. ad, I. D. 4.); against, in comparison with, compared to:

repente lectus adversus veterem imperatorem comparabitur,

will be compared with, Liv. 24, 8, 8:

quid autem esse duo prospera bella Samnitium adversus tot decora populi Rom.,

id. 7, 32, 8.—

Of demeanor toward one, to, toward:

quonam modo me gererem adversus Caesarem,

Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 11:

te adversus me omnia audere gratum est,

i. e. on my account, on my behalf, for my advantage, id. ib. 9, 22, 15:

lentae adversum imperia aures,

Tac. A. 1, 65.—Esp. often of friendly feeling, love, esteem, respect toward or for one (cf. Ruhnk. ad Ter. And. 4, 1, 15; Manut. ad Cic. Fam. 9, 22; Heusing. ad Cic. Off. 1, 11, 1;

Hab. Syn. 49): est enim pietas justitia adversus deos,

Cic. N. D. 1, 41, 116; id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

adhibenda est igitur quaedam reverentia adversus homines,

id. ib. 1, 28, 99 Beier:

sunt quaedam officia adversus eos servanda, a quibus injuriam acceperis,

id. ib. 1, 11, 33:

adversus merita ingratissimus,

Vell. 2, 69, 5:

summa adversus alios aequitas erat,

Liv. 3, 33, 8:

ob egregiam fidem adversus Romanos,

id. 29, 8, 2; so id. 45, 8, 4 al.:

beneficentiā adversus supplices utendum,

Tac. A. 11, 17.— More rarely

of the general relation of an object or act to a person or thing (v. ad, I. D. 1.), in relation, in respect, or in regard to a thing:

epistula, ut adversus magistrum morum, modestior,

as addressed to a censor of manners, Cic. Fam. 3, 13, 8:

quasi adversus eos acquieverit sententiae,

in regard to the same, Dig. 49, 1; 3, 1.—

In a hostile sense, against (the most usual class. signif. of this word): “Contra et adversus ita differunt, quod contra, ad locum, ut: contra basilicam; adversus, ad animi motum, ut: adversus illum facio; interdum autem promiscue accipitur,” Charis. p. 207 P.; cf. Cort. ad Sall. J. 101, 8:

advorsum legem accepisti a plurimis pecuniam,

Plaut. Truc. 4, 2, 48:

advorsum te fabulare illud,

against thy interest, to thy disadvantage, id. Stich. 4, 2, 11:

stultus est advorsus aetatem et capitis canitudinem, id. ap. Fest. s. v. canitudinem, p. 47: advorsum animi tui libidinem,

Ter. Hec. 4, 1, 19:

adversum leges, adversum rem publicam,

Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 84, § 195:

respondebat, SI PARET, ADVERSUM EDICTUM FECISSE,

id. ib. 2, 3, 28, §

69: me adversus populum Romanum possem defendere,

id. Phil. 1, 13 al. —In the histt., of a hostile attack, approach, etc.:

gladiis districtis impetum adversus montem in cohortes faciunt,

Caes. B. C. 1, 46:

adversus se non esse missos exercitus,

Liv. 3, 66:

bellum adversum Xerxem moret,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 3:

copiis quibus usi adversus Romanum bellum,

Liv. 8, 2, 5:

adversus vim atque injuriam pugnantes,

id. 26, 25, 10 al.:

T. Quintius adversus Gallos missus est,

Eutr. 2, 2: Athenienses adversus tantam tempestatem belli duos duces deligunt, Just. 3, 6, 12 al.—Among physicians, of preventives against sickness, against (v. ad, I. A. 2.):

adversus profusionem in his auxilium est,

Cels. 5, 26; 6, 27 al.:

frigidus jam artus et cluso corpore adversum vim veneni,

Tac. A. 15, 64.— Trop.:

egregium adversus tempestates receptaculum,

Plin. Ep. 2, 17, 4; so id. ib. 2, 15, 36.—Hence: firmus, invictus, fortis adversus aliquid (like contra), protected against a thing, firm, fixed, secure:

advorsum divitias animum invictum gerebat,

Sall. J. 43, 5:

invictus adversum gratiam animus,

Tac. A. 15, 21:

adversus convicia malosque rumores firmus ac patiens,

Suet. Tib. 28:

Adversus omnes fortis feras canis,

Phaedr. 5, 10, 1; and in opp. sense: infirmus, inferior adversus aliquid, powerless against, unequal to:

fama, infirmissimum adversus vivos fortes telum,

Curt. 4, 14:

infirmus adversum pecuniam,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 6:

inferior adversus laborem,

id. Epit. 40, 20.

Adversus is rarely put after the word which it governs:

egone ut te advorsum mentiar,

Plaut. Aul. 4, 7, 9:

hunc adversus,

Nep. Con. 2, 2; id. Tim. 4, 3:

quos advorsum ierat,

Sall. J. 101, 8.—

It sometimes suffers tmesis:

Labienum ad Oceanum versus proficisci jubet,

Caes. B. G. 6, 33:

animadvortit fugam ad se vorsum fieri,

Sall. J. 58:

animum advortere ad se vorsum exercitum pergere,

id. ib. 69: ad Cordubam versus iter facere coepit, Auct. B. Hisp. 10 and 11; cf. in-versus:

in Galliam vorsus castra movere,

Sall. C. 56; Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12; Traj. ap. Plin. Ep. 10, 78; the Eng. to-ward: to us ward, Psa. 40, 5; and the Gr. eis-de: eis halade, Hom. Od. 10, 351.

aequus ( aecus, Pac. 32 Rib.; Lucr. 5, 1023 Lachm. and Munro; AIQVOS, S. C. de Bacch. 1. 26), a, um, adj. [formerly referred to EIKÔ, eoika, but Pott connects it with Sanscr. ēka = one, as if properly, one and uniform; others consider it as akin to aemulor, q. v.].

A.. Of place, that extends or lies in a horizontal direction, plain, even, level, flat (esp. freq. in the strategic descriptions of the histt.;

syn.: planus, aequalis, aequabilis, par, similis, justus): locus ad libellam aequus,

level, Varr. R. R. 1, 6 fin.:

aequus et planus locus,

Cic. Caec. 17 fin.:

in aequum locum se demittere,

Caes. B. G. 7, 28: legio, quae paulo aequiore loco constiterat, id. ib. 7, 51:

in aequum locum deducere,

Sall. J. 42 (cf. in Gr. eis to isoW katabainein, Xen. Anab. 4, 6, 18).— Trop.:

sive loquitur ex inferiore loco sive aequo sive ex superiore,

i. e. before the judges, sitting on raised seats, or in the Senate, or in the assembly of the people from the rostra, Cic. de Or. 3, 6, 23:

meos multos et ex superiore et ex aequo loco sermones habitos cum tuā summā laude,

from the tribune, and on private matters, id. Fam. 3, 8.—In the histt., sometimes subst.: aequum, i, n., with a gen., level ground, a plain:

facilem in aequo campi victoriam fore,

Liv. 5, 38:

ut primum agmen aequo, ceteri per acclive jugum insurgerent,

Tac. Agr. 35:

in aequum digredi,

id. ib. 18:

in aequo obstare,

id. ib. 36; id. H. 4, 23.—Also, an eminence, if it rises without inequalities:

dum Romanae cohortes in aequum eniterentur,

up the slope, Tac. A. 2, 80.—As a level place is more favorable for military operations than an uneven one, aequus has the signif.,

Favorable, convenient, advantageous (as its opp., iniquus, uneven, has that of unfavorable, etc.).

Of place:

locum se aequum ad dimicandum dedisse,

Caes. B. C. 3, 73:

etsi non aequum locum videbat suis,

Nep. Milt. 5, 4:

non hic silvas nec paludes, sed aequis locis aequos deos,

Tac. A. 1, 68. —

Of time: judicium aequiore tempore fieri oportere, more propitious, Cic. Corn. Fragm. ap. Ascon. p. 72:

et tempore et loco aequo,

Liv. 26, 3:

tempore aequo,

Suet. Caes. 35.—

In gen., of persons or things (freq. and class.), favorable, kind, friendly, benevolent, etc.; constr. absol. with dat., or in and acc. (in poets in with abl.).

Absol.:

consequeris, ut eos ipsos, quos contra statuas, aequos placatosque dimittas,

Cic. Or. 10, 34:

nobilitate inimica, non aequo senatu,

id. Q. Fr. 2, 3 med.:

meis aequissimis utuntur auribus,

id. Fam. 7, 33:

oculis aspicere aequis,

Verg. A. 4, 372:

O dominum aequum et bonum,

Suet. Aug. 53:

boni et aequi et faciles domini,

id. Tib. 29.—

With dat.:

aequa Venus Teucris, Pallas iniqua fuit,

Ov. Tr. 1, 2, 6; id. A. A. 2, 310.—

With in and acc.:

quis hoc statuit, quod aequum sit in Quintium, id iniquum esse in Maevium,

Cic. Quint. 14.—

With in and abl.:

victor erat quamvis, aequus in hoste fuit,

Prop. 4, 18, 28.—Hence,

aequus, i, m. subst., a friend:

ego ut me tibi amicissimum esse et aequi et iniqui intellegant, curabo,

both friends and enemies, Cic. Fam. 3, 6 fin.:

aequis iniquisque persuasum erat,

Liv. 5, 45.

That is equal to another in any quality, equal, like; and of things divided into two equal parts, a half:

aequo censu censeri,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 92:

partīs,

Lucr. 3, 125; so Aur. Vict. Orig. 19, 1; and Vulg. 1 Reg. 30, 24:

aequa erit mensura sagorum,

ib. Exod. 26, 8:

pondera,

ib. Lev. 19, 36:

portio,

ib. 2 Mach. 8, 30:

aequa dementia,

Lucr. 1, 705 al.:

aequā manu discedere,

to come off with equal advantage, Sall. C. 39; so,

aequo Marte pugnare,

with equal success, Liv. 2, 6; Curt. 4, 15, 29; Flor. 4, 2, 48 al.:

urbs erat in summo nubibus aequa jugo,

Ov. P. 4, 7, 24:

aequum vulnus utrique tulit,

id. M. 9, 719 (cf. id. ib. 7, 803:

aequales urebant pectora flammae): sequiturque patrem non passibus aequis,

Verg. A. 2, 724:

pars aequa mundi,

Plin. 2, 19, 17, § 81:

utinam esset mihi pars aequa amoris tecum, i. e. aeque vicissim amaremus,

Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 12:

non tertiam portionem, verum aequam,

Plin. 3, 1, 1, § 5 al. —Hence the adverbial phrases,

Ex aequo, in like manner, in an equal degree, equally ( = ex isou, Hdt., Dem.), Lucr. 1, 854:

dixit et ex aequo donis formaque probata, etc.,

Ov. H. 16, 87; 20, 123; id. Am. 1, 10, 33; id. A. A. 2, 682; id. M. 3, 145; 4, 62; Liv. 36, 37:

adversarum rerum ex aequo socii sunt (Fosi Cheruscis), cum in secundis minores fuissent,

Tac. G. 36 fin. —

In aequo esse or stare, to be equal:

qui cogit mori nolentem, in aequo est, quique properantem impedit,

Sen. Phoen. 98:

ut naturam oderint, quod infra deos sumus, quod non in aequo illis stetimus,

id. Ben. 2, 29: in aequo ponere aliquem alicui, to make equal, to put on an equality, to compare:

in aequo eum (Philopoemenem) summis imperatoribus posuerunt,

Liv. 39, 50 fin. —

Morally.

Of persons, fair, equitable, impartial in conduct toward others (diff. from justus, just; v. aequitas, II.); constr. absol., with dat.; more rarely with gen.:

praetor aequus et sapiens,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 65; 2, 5, 59:

aequissimus aestimator et judex,

id. Fin. 3, 2:

praebere se aequum alicui,

id. Fam. 2, 1:

absentium aequi, praesentibus mobiles,

benevolent toward, Tac. A. 6, 36.—

Of things, fair, right, equitable, reasonable: ITA. SENATVS. AIQVOM. CENSVIT., S. C. de Bach. 1. 26: et aecum et rectum est, Pac. ap. Non. 261, 13 (Trag. Rel. p. 81 Rib.):

aequa et honesta postulatio,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 2:

quod justum est et aequum, servis praestate,

just and fair, Vulg. Col. 4, 1:

postulo primum id, quod aequissimum est, ut, etc.,

Cic. Clu. 2:

aequa lex et omnibus utilis,

id. Balb. 27:

aequissimis legibus monere,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 9, 5:

aequae conditiones,

Vell. 2, 25; see Fischer, Gr. II. 611.—Hence,

ae-quum, i, n. subst., what is fair, equitable, or just; fairness, equity, or justice, etc.: jus atque aequum, Enn. ap. Non. p. 399, 10 (Trag. v. 224 Vahl.):

utilitas justi prope mater et aequi,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 98:

aequi studium,

Aur. Vict. Caes. 24, 6.—Often with comparatives, more than is right, proper, reasonable:

lamentari amplius aequo,

Lucr. 3, 966:

injurias gravius aequo habere,

to feel too deeply, Sall. C. 50:

potus largius aequo,

Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 215.—Hence, aequum est, it is reasonable, proper, right, etc.; constr. with acc. and inf., in good prose also with dat. pers. and ut, Rudd. II. p. 235, n. 21: nos quiescere aequom est, Enn. ap. Diom. p. 382 P. (Trag. v. 199 Vahl.):

quae liberum scire aequom est adulescentem,

Ter. Eun. 3, 2, 25:

significant Imbecillorum esse aecum misererier omnīs,

Lucr. 5, 1023:

non est aequum nos derelinquere verbum Dei,

Vulg. Act. 6, 2:

aequius est mori quam auctoritatem imperii foedare,

Aur. Vict. Epit. 12, 7:

ut peritis? Ut piscatorem aequomst (sc. perire), fame sitique speque,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 7; so,

sicut aequum est homini de potestate deorum timide et pauca dicamus,

Cic. Imp. Pomp. 16, 47.—In Plaut., with abl.:

plus vidissem quam med atque illo aequom foret,

would be becoming in me and him, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 3, 84; id. Rud. prol. 47.—

Aequum as subst. very freq. with bonum = aequitas, equitable conduct toward others, fairness, equity, etc.:

neque quidquam queo aequi bonique ab eo impetrare,

what is right and just, Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 65:

cum de jure civili, cum de aequo et bono disputaretur,

Cic. Brut. 38:

ex aequo et bono, non ex callido versutoque jure rem judicari oportere,

id. Caecin. 23:

fit reus magis ex aequo bonoque quam ex jure gentium,

in accordance with justice and equity, Sall. J. 35.— Also without et:

illi dolum malum, illi fidem bonam, illi aequum bonum tradiderunt,

Cic. Top. 17.—So also, aequius melius, according to greater equily, Cic. Off. 3, 15; id. Top. 17.—

Of a state of mind, even, unruffled, calm, composed, tranquil, patient, enduring (cf. aequitas, II. B.);

esp. freq. with animus or mens: animus aequos optumum est aerumnae condimentum,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 3, 71:

concedo et quod animus aequus est et quia necesse est,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 50:

quodadest memento Componere aequus,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 32:

tentantem majora, fere praesentibus aequum,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 24;

and so, aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, etc.,

id. C. 2, 3, 1.—Esp. freq. in the adv. abl.: aequo (aequiore, aequissimo) animo, with even mind, with equanimity, patiently, calmly, quietly, with forbearance: ego, nisi Bibulus adniteretur de triumpho, aequo animo essem, nunc vero aischron siôpan, Cic. Att. 6, 8:

carere aequo animo aliquā re,

id. Brut. 6:

ferre aliquid,

Nep. Dion. 6, 7; Aur. Vict. Orig. 6, 3:

accipere,

Sall. C. 3, 2:

tolerare,

id. J. 31:

quo aequiore animo Germanicus celerem successionem operiretur,

Suet. Tib. 25:

testem se in judiciis interrogari aequissimo animo patiebatur,

id. Aug. 56.—In eccl. Lat. = bono animo:

aequo animo esto,

be of good cheer, Vulg. 3 Reg. 21, 7:

aequo animo (aliquis) est? Psallat,

ib. Jacob. 5, 13.—Hence: aequi bonique facere aliquid, to regard as fair and reasonable (prop., a gen. of value, Roby, § 1191), to put up with, be content with, submit to, acquiesce in, etc.:

istuc aequi bonique facio,

Ter. Heaut. 4, 5, 40: tranquillissimus animus meus totum istuc aequi boni [p. 59] facit, Cic. Att. 7, 7; Liv. 34, 22 fin.:

aequi istuc faciam,

it will be all the same to me, Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 189.—So also:

aequi bonique dicere,

to propose any thing reasonable, Ter. Phorm. 4, 3, 32.—Hence, aequē, adv., in like manner, equally, just as = ex aequo, pariter, Gr. isôs, omoiôs (indicating the entire equality of two objects compared, while similiter denotes only likeness):

eā (benevolentiā) non pariter omnes egemus... honore et gloriā fortasse non aeque omnes egent,

Cic. Off. 2, 8, 30:

non possum ego non aut proxime atque ille aut etiam aeque laborare,

id. Fam. 9, 13, 2:

universa aeque eveniunt justo et impio,

Vulg. Eccl. 9, 2.

In the comic poets with cum or the comp. abl. (cf. adaeque); in Cic. and good class. authors gen. with et, atque, ac, ac si; less class. with quam, ut, quam ut; in Petr. with tamquam.

Aeque—cum:

animum advorte, ut aeque mecum haec scias,

Plaut. As. 2, 2, 66, id. Poen. prol. 47: novi aeque omnia tecum, Ter Phorm. 5, 9, 43. But in Plaut. As. 4, 1, 26, tecum una postea aeque pocla potitet, una belongs with tecum to potitet, and aeque is put absol. (sc. ut tu).—

Aeque with comp. abl.:

nullus est hoc meticulosus aeque,

as this person, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 137:

qui me in terrā aeque fortunatus erit,

id. Curc. 1, 2, 51.—

Aeque—et or aeque— que (as in Gr. ison kai, isa kai, Soph. Oed. Tyr. 611;

Thuc. 3, 14). nisi aeque amicos et nosmet ipsos diligamus,

equally as ourselves, Cic. Fin. 1, 20, 67. versūs aeque prima et media et extrema pars attenditur, id. de Or. 3, 50, 192; id. Rosc. Com. 1, 2; so id. Mur. 13, 28; id. Clu. 69, 195, id. Tusc. 2, 26, 62 al.:

quod Aeque neglectum pueris senibusque nocebit,

Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 26.—

Aeque—atque, —ac, —ac si, as... as; as much as, as: vide ne, quem tu esse hebetem deputes aeque ac pecus, is, etc., Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45: pumex non aeque aridus atque hic est senex, Plaut Aul. 2, 4, 18; Ter. Phorm 1, 2, 43; Varr. R. R. 3, 8, 2:

nisi haberes, qui illis aeque ac tu ipse gauderet,

Cic. Lael. 6, 22:

sed me colit et observat aeque atque patronum suum,

id. Fam. 13, 69; 2, 2; so id. Brut. 71, 248; id. Rosc. Am. 40, 116; Cels. 6, 15; Tac. H. 4, 5; Suet. Caes. 12 al.: aeque ac si. with the subj., just as if. altogether as if:

Egnatii absentis rem ut tueare, aeque a te peto ac si mea negotia essent,

Cic. Fam. 13, 43, 3; Auct Her 2, 13, 19: quo factum est, ut jumenta aeque nitida ex castellis educeret ac si in campestribus ea locis habuisset, Nep Eum. 5. 6; Liv. 10, 7, 4; 44, 22, 5 al.—

Aeque— quam (only in Plaut. and prose writers from the Aug. per.;

neither in Cic. nor in Cæs.),

as... as, in the same manner as, as well... as, like, Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 55;

nullum esse agrum aeque feracem quam hic est,

id. Epid. 2, 3, 1:

nihil aeque eos terruit quam robur et color imperatoris,

Liv. 28, 26, 14, 5, 6, 11; so 5, 3, 4; 31, 1, 3;

in navibus posita aeque quam in aedificiis,

Plin. 2, 81, 83, § 196; so 2, 70, 72, § 180; Tac. A. 14, 38; id. H. 2, 10; 4, 52; Suet. Aug. 64, 89; id. Galb. 4 al.—

Aeque—ut, a rare combination, and unworthy of imitation (in authors of the class. per. its reception rests, for the most part, upon false readings for aeque et or aeque ac), as much as, like, cui nihil aeque in causis agendis ut brevitas placet, Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 1 Keil. accinctus aeque ut discinctus, Vulg. 3 Reg. 20, 11. Possidebitis eam (terram) singuli aeque ut frater suus, ib. Ezech. 47, 14:

idemque proficeret aeque ut rosaceum,

Plin. 23, 4, 45, § 89, where Jan reads proficeret quod rosaceum. —In Plaut. once aeque—quasi for the class. aeque ac. quem videam aeque esse maestum quasi dies si dicta sit, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 11 Fleck.—

Sometimes aeque—aeque, as well as, as much as. aeque pauperibus prodest, locupletibus aeque, Hor. Ep. 1, 1, 25:

aeque discordiam praepositorum, aeque concordiam subjectis exitiosam,

Tac. Agr. 15.—

The comparison is often to be supplied from the whole sentence or context; hence, aeque stands absol. for aeque ac, etc. (ante-class. freq.; also in Cic. and Liv.), equally, as much as, as: eadem oratio non aeque valet, Enn. ap. Gell. 11, 4 (from Eurip. Hec. 295: logos... ou tauton sthenei):

satin habes, si feminarum nullast quam aeque diligam?

Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 11: Aetna mons non aeque altus, id. Mil. 4, 2, 73; 4, 7, 10; id. Most. 1, 3, 85, etc.; Ter. Phorm. 3, 3, 32; Cic. Fam. 4, 6, 1; so id. ib. 5, 21; id. Fin. 4, 33, 62:

aeque sons,

Liv. 29, 19, 2;

so 29, 19, 4 al.: aeque non est dubium,

it is as little doubtful, Plin. 2, 15, 13, § 68.—