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  • 1 κατά

    κατά (Hom.+) prep. (s. the lit. s.v. ἀνά beg., also LfgrE s.v. κατά 1346; with the gen. 74 times in NT; w. acc. 391 times in NT).
    A. w. the gen.
    of location that is relatively lower, down from someth. (Hom. et al.; LXX; Ath. 1, 4 κ. κόρρης προπηλακίζειν=to smack on one side of the head) ὁρμᾶν κ. τοῦ κρημνοῦ rush down (from) the bank (cp. Polyb. 38, 16, 7 κ. τῶν κρημνῶν ῥίπτειν; Jos., Bell. 1, 313) Mt 8:32; Mk 5:13; Lk 8:33. κ. κεφαλῆς ἔχειν have someth. on one’s head (lit. hanging down fr. the head, as a veil. Cp. Plut., Mor. 200f ἐβάδιζε κ. τῆς κεφαλῆς ἔχων τὸ ἱμάτιον.; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 499, 5 of a mummy ἔχων τάβλαν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου) 1 Cor 11:4.
    of position relatively deep, into someth. (Od. 9, 330 κ. σπείους ‘into the depths of the cave’; Hdt. 7, 235; X., An. 7, 1, 30) ἡ κ. βάθους πτωχεία extreme (lit. ‘reaching down into the depths’; cp. Strabo 9, 3, 5 [419] ἄντρον κοῖλον κ. βάθους) or abysmal poverty 2 Cor 8:2. This may perh. be the mng. of πλήσσειν τινὰ κ. τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν strike someone deep into the eyes ApcPt 11:26 (cp. Demosth. 19, 197 ξαίνει κ. τοῦ νώτου; PPetr II, 18 [2b], 15 [246 B.C.] ἔτυπτεν αὐτὸν κ. τοῦ τραχήλου).—κ. γαστρός Just., D. 78, 3 for ἐν γαστρί Mt 1:18 (cp. Ath. 35, 2 τὸ κ. γαστρὸς ζῶον εἶναι).
    extension in various directions within an area, throughout (so in Luke’s writings; Polyb. 3, 19, 7 κ. τῆς νήσου διεσπάρησαν; PGiss 48, 8 κ. κυριακῆς γῆς; Jos., Ant. 8, 297; SibOr 3, 222; 4, 24; 5, 305) γνωστὸν γενέσθαι καθʼ ὅλης Ἰόππης become known throughout all Joppa Ac 9:42. καθʼ ὅλης τῆς Ἰουδαίας 9:31; 10:37; Lk 23:5. φήμη ἐξῆλθεν καθʼ ὅλης τῆς περιχώρου 4:14.
    down upon, toward, against someone or someth, fig. ext. of 1.
    w. verbs of swearing, to denote what one swears by (Thu. 5, 47, 8; Lysias 32, 13; Isaeus 7, 28; Demosth. 21, 119; 29, 26; SIG 526, 4ff; 685, 25; UPZ 110, 39 [164 B.C.]; BGU 248, 13; Jdth 1:12; Is 45:23; 2 Ch 36:13) by ἐξορκίζειν (q.v.) Mt 26:63. ὀμνύναι (q.v.) Hb 6:13, 16. ὁρκίζειν (q.v.) Hs 9, 10, 5. Sim. ἐρωτᾶν κ. τινος request, entreat by someone Hv 3, 2, 3.
    in a hostile sense, against
    α. after verbs that express hostile action, etc. διχάζειν Mt 10:35. ἐπαίρεσθαι 2 Cor 10:5. ἰσχύειν Ac 19:16. κακοῦν 14:2. στρατεύεσθαι 1 Pt 2:11. φυσιοῦσθαι 1 Cor 4:6
    β. after words and expressions that designate hostile speech, esp. an accusation ἔχειν (τι) κ. τινος have or hold someth. against someone Rv 2:4, 14, 20. φέρειν J 18:29. ἐγκαλεῖν Ro 8:33. ἐντυγχάνειν τινὶ κ. τινος 11:2 (TestJob 17:5). κατηγορεῖν Lk 23:14. ποιεῖν κρίσιν Jd 15a. τὸ κ. ἡμῶν χειρόγραφον the bond that stands against us Col 2:14. ἐμφανίζειν Ac 24:1; 25:2. αἰτεῖσθαί τι 25:3, 15. αἱ κ. τινος αἰτίαι vs. 27. εἰπεῖν πονηρόν Mt 5:11 (cp. Soph., Phil. 65 κακὰ λέγειν κ. τινος. X., Hell. 1, 5, 2; Isocr., C. Nic. 13; Plut., Mor. 2a λέγειν κ.; SIG 1180, 1 λέγειν κ. τινος; Just., A I, 23, 3; 49, 6 κ. τῶν … ὁμολογούντων). λαλεῖν ῥήματα Ac 6:13; cp. Jd 15b (TestDan 4:3; JosAs 23:15). μαρτυρεῖν κ. τ. θεοῦ give testimony in contradiction to God 1 Cor 15:15. ζητεῖν μαρτυρίαν κ. τινος testimony against someone Mk 14:55. ψευδομαρτυρεῖν 14:56f. ψευδομαρτυρία Mt 26:59. γογγύζειν 20:11. στενάζειν Js 5:9. διδάσκειν Ac 21:28. συμβούλιον διδόναι (ποιεῖν v.l.) Mk 3:6; ς. λαβεῖν Mt 27:1. ψεύδεσθαι Js 3:14 (Lysias 22, 7; X., Ap. 13; Ath. 35, 1 καθʼ ἡμῶν … κατεψεύσατο).
    γ. after expressions that designate such a position or state of mind in a different way εἶναι κ. τινος be against someone (opp. ὑπέρ) Mk 9:40 (WNestle, ZNW 13, 1912, 84–87; AFridrichsen, ibid., 273–80); Ro 8:31; (opp. μετά) Mt 12:30; Lk 11:23. δύνασθαί τι κ. τινος be able to do someth. against someone 2 Cor 13:8. ἔχειν τι κ. τινος have someth. against someone (in one’s heart) Mt 5:23; Mk 11:25; Hs 9, 24, 2; cp. ibid. 23, 2, where the acc. is to be supplied. ἐξουσίαν ἔχειν J 19:11. ἐπιθυμεῖν Gal 5:17. μερίζεσθαι καθʼ ἑαυτῆς Mt 12:25. Cp. 1 Cl 39:4 (Job 4:18).—κατά prob. means against also in ἔβαλεν κατʼ αὐτῆς ἄνεμος Ac 27:14. ἐτελείωσαν κ. τ. κεφαλῆς αὐτῶν τὰ ἁμαρτήματα they completed the full measure of sins against their own head GPt 5:17.
    B. w. acc. (so in the NT 399 times [besides καθʼ εἷς and κατὰ εἷς])
    of extension in space, along, over, through, in, upon (Hom. et al.; OGI 90, 7 ἐκ τῶν κ. τ. χώραν ἱερῶν; PHib 82, 19; PTebt 5, 188; LXX; Just.; Mel., HE 4, 26, 5) Ac 24:12. καθʼ ὅλην τ. πόλιν throughout the city Lk 8:39 (cp. Diod S 4, 10, 6 καθʼ ὅλην τὴν Ἐλλάδα). ἐγένετο λιμὸς κ. τὴν χώραν ἐκείνην 15:14. κ. τὰς κώμας 9:6. κ. πόλεις καὶ κώμας 13:22 (Appian., Maced. 9 §1 and 4 κ. πόλεις; Just., A I, 67, 3 κ. πόλεις ἢ ἀγρούς).—κ. τόπους in place after place Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:11 (Theophr., περὶ σημ. 1, 4 p. 389 W.; Cat. Cod. Astr. III 28, 11 ἐν μέρει τ. ἀνατολῆς κ. τόπους, VIII/3, 186, 1 λιμὸς καὶ λοιμὸς καὶ σφαγαὶ κ. τόπους). οἱ ὄντες κ. τὴν Ἰουδαίαν those throughout Judea or living in Judea Ac 11:1. διασπαρῆναι κ. τὰς χώρας τῆς Ἰουδαίας be scattered over the regions of Judea 8:1. κ. τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν in the congregation there 13:1. τοῖς κ. τὴν Ἀντιόχειαν καὶ Συρίαν καὶ Κιλικίαν ἀδελφοῖς 15:23. τοὺς κ. τὰ ἔθνη Ἰουδαίους the Judeans (dispersed) throughout the nations 21:21. τοῖς κ. τὸν νόμον γεγραμμένοις throughout the law = in the law 24:14b. κ. τὴν ὁδόν along or on the way (Lucian, Catapl. 4; Jos., Ant. 8, 404) Lk 10:4; Ac 25:3; 26:13. τὸ κ. Κιλικίαν καὶ Παμφυλίαν πέλαγος the sea along the coast of Cilicia and Pamphylia 27:5; but the geographical designation τὰ μέρη τ. Λιβύης τῆς κ. Κυρήνην 2:10 prob. belongs to b: the parts of Libya toward Cyrene.
    of extension toward, toward, to, up to ἐλθεῖν (γίνεσθαι v.l.) κ. τὸν τόπον come up to the place (Jos., Vi. 283) Lk 10:32. ἐλθόντες κ. τὴν Μυσίαν to Mysia Ac 16:7; cp. 27:7. πορεύεσθαι κ. μεσημβρίαν (s. μεσημβρία 2) toward the south 8:26 (cp. Jos., Bell. 5, 505). κ. σκοπὸν διώκειν run (over the course) toward the goal Phil 3:14. λιμὴν βλέπων κ. λίβα καὶ κ. χῶρον a harbor open to the southwest and northwest Ac 27:12 (s. βλέπω 8).—κ. πρόσωπον to the face (cp. Jos., Ant. 5, 205) Gal 2:11. ἔχειν τινὰ κ. πρόσωπον meet someone face to face (Thieme 19 has reff. for the use of κατὰ πρόσωπον as a legal formula) Ac 25:16. κ. πρόσωπον ταπεινός humble when personally present 2 Cor 10:1. κ. πρόσωπόν τινος in the presence of someone Lk 2:31; Ac 3:13. τὰ κ. πρόσωπον what lies before one’s eyes, i.e. is obvious 2 Cor 10:7. κ. ὀφθαλμοὺς προγράφειν portray before one’s eyes Gal 3:1.
    of isolation or separateness, by (Thu. 1, 138, 6 οἱ καθʼ ἑαυτοὺς Ἕλληνες ‘the Greeks by themselves’; Polyb. 1, 24, 4; 5, 78, 3; 11, 17, 6; Diod S 13, 72, 8; Gen 30:40; 43:32; 2 Macc 13:13; Philo, Migr. Abr. 87; 90; Just., D. 4, 5 αὐτὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν γενομένη; Tat. 13, 1 ἡ ψυχὴ καθʼ ἑαυτήν; Ath. 15, 2 ὁ πηλὸς καθʼ ἑαυτόν) ἔχειν τι καθʼ ἑαυτόν keep someth. to oneself Ro 14:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 2, 255; Heliod. 7, 16, 1). καθʼ ἑαυτὸν μένειν live by oneself of the private dwelling of Paul in Rome Ac 28:16. πίστις νεκρὰ καθʼ ἑαυτήν faith by itself is dead Js 2:17 (Simplicius in Epict. p. 3, 43 τὸ σῶμα καθʼ αὑτὸ νεκρόν ἐστιν). ἡ κατʼ οἶκον ἐκκλησία the congregation in the house Ro 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19. κατʼ ἰδίαν s. ἴδιος 5. κ. μόνας (Thu. 1, 32, 5; Menand., Epitr. 988 S. [658 Kö.], Fgm. 146 Kö. [158 Kock]; Polyb. 4, 15, 11; Diod S 4, 51, 16; BGU 813, 15 [s. APF 2, 1903, 97]; LXX) alone, by oneself Mk 4:10; Lk 9:18; Hm 11:8 (here, as well as BGU loc. cit. and LXX, written as one word καταμόνας).
    of places viewed serially, distributive use w. acc., x by x (Arrian., Anab. 4, 21, 10 κ. σκηνήν=tent by tent) or from x to x: κατʼ οἶκον from house to house (PLond III, 904, 20 p. 125 [104 A.D.] ἡ κατʼ οἰκίαν ἀπογραφή) Ac 2:46b; 5:42 (both in ref. to various house assemblies or congregations; w. less probability NRSV ‘at home’); cp. 20:20. Likew. the pl. κ. τοὺς οἴκους εἰσπορευόμενος 8:3. κ. τὰς συναγωγάς 22:19. κ. πόλιν (Jos., Ant. 6, 73) from city to city IRo 9:3, but in every (single) city Ac 15:21; 20:23; Tit 1:5. Also κ. πόλιν πᾶσαν (cp. Herodian 1, 14, 9) Ac 15:36; κ. πᾶσαν πόλιν 20:23 D. κ. πόλιν καὶ κώμην Lk 8:1; cp. vs. 4.
    marker of temporal aspect (Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, apolog.)
    in definite indications of time: at, on, during (Hdt. 8, 17; Polemon Soph. B 43 Reader κατʼ ἐκείνην τὴν ἡμέραν ‘in the course of that day’) κατʼ ἀρχάς in the beginning (cp. ἀρχή 1b) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26). κ. τὴν ἡμέραν τοῦ πειρασμοῦ in the day of trial 3:8 (Ps 94:8.—Cp. Antig. Car. 173 κ. τὸν σπόρου καιρόν). νεκροῦ … ἀνάστασιν κατʼ αὐτὸν γεγονυῖαν ἱστορεῖ (Papias) reports that a resurrection from the dead occurred in his time Papias (2, 9; so, with personal names, Hdt.; Just., D. 23, 1 τοῦ θεοῦ … τοῦ κ. τὸν Ἐνώχ; Tat. 31, 2 Θεαγένης … κ. Καμβύσην γεγονώς). Of the future: κ. τὸν καιρὸν τοῦτον at that time, then Ro 9:9 (Gen 18:10). Of the past: κ. ἐκεῖνον τὸν καιρόν at that time, then (2 Macc 3:5; TestJos 12:1; Jos., Ant. 8, 266; cp. κατʼ ἐκεῖνο τοῦ καιροῦ Konon: 26 Fgm. 3 p. 191, 25 Jac.; Just., A I, 17, 2; 26, 3 al.) Ac 12:1; 19:23. κ. καιρόν at that time, then Ro 5:6 (Just., D. 132, 1; cp. OGI 90, 28 καθʼ ὸ̔ν καιρόν), unless καιρός here means the right time (s. καιρός 1b end). κατʼ ὄναρ (as καθʼ ὕπνον Gen 20:6; Just., D 60, 5 κ. τοὺς ὕπνους) during a dream, in a dream Mt 1:20; 2:12 (s. s.v. ὄναρ for ins).
    with indefinite indications of time: toward, about κ. τὸ μεσονύκτιον about midnight Ac 16:25; cp. 27:27.—8:26 (s. μεσημβρία 1).
    distributively (cp. 1d): x period by x period: κατʼ ἔτος every year (s. ἔτος) Lk 2:41. Also κατʼ ἐνιαυτόν (s. ἐνιαυτός 1) Hb 9:25; 10:1, 3. καθʼ ἡμέραν daily, every day (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Mt 26:55; Mk 14:49; Lk 16:19; 22:53; Ac 2:46f; 3:2; 16:5; 17:11; 19:9; 1 Cor 15:31; Hb 7:27; 10:11. Also τὸ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Lk 11:3; 19:47; Ac 17:11 v.l. ἡ ἐπίστασις ἡ καθʼ ἡμέραν (s. ἐπίστασις) 2 Cor 11:28. κ. πᾶσαν ἡμέραν every day (Jos., Ant. 6, 49) Ac 17:7. Also καθʼ ἑκάστην ἡμέραν (s. ἡμέρα 2c) Hb 3:13. κ. μίαν σαββάτου on the first day of every week 1 Cor 16:2. κ. πᾶν σάββατον every Sabbath Ac 13:27; 15:21b; 18:4. κ. μῆνα ἕκαστον each month Rv 22:2 (κ. μῆνα as SIG 153, 65; POxy 275, 18; 2 Macc 6:7). κ. ἑορτήν at each festival Mt 27:15; Mk 15:6.
    marker of division of a greater whole into individual parts, at a time, in detail, distributive use apart from indications of place (s. above 1d) and time (s. 2c)
    w. numerals: κ. δύο ἢ τὸ πλεῖστον τρεῖς two or, at the most, three at a time (i.e. in any one meeting, cp. ἀνὰ μέρος) 1 Cor 14:27 (Dio Chrys. 80 [30], 42 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς; Jos., Ant. 3, 142 κ. ἕξ; 5, 172 κ. δύο καὶ τρεῖς). καθʼ ἕνα (on this and the foll. s. εἷς 5e) singly, one after the other vs. 31. κ. ἕνα λίθον each individual stone Hs 9, 3, 5; καθʼ ἕνα λίθον 9, 6, 3. κ. ἓν ἕκαστον one by one, in detail Ac 21:19; 1 Cl 32:1 (Ath. 28, 4 καθʼ ἕκαστον). εἷς καθʼ εἷς Mk 14:19; J 8:9; cp. Ro 12:5 (B-D-F §305; Rob. 460). κ. ἑκατὸν καὶ κ. πεντήκοντα in hundreds and in fifties Mk 6:40.
    περί τινος λέγειν κ. μέρος speak of someth. in detail Hb 9:5 (s. μέρος 1c). κατʼ ὄνομα (each one) by name (ἀσπάζομαι … τοὺς ἐνοίκους πάντες κα[τʼ] ὄνομα PTebt [III A.D.] 422, 11–16; Jos., Vi. 86) J 10:3; 3J 15 (cp. BGU 27, 18); ISm 13:2.
    marker of intention or goal, for the purpose of, for, to (Thu. 6, 31, 1 κ. θέαν ἥκειν=to look at something; cp. Sb 7263, 6 [254 B.C.]; X., An. 3, 5, 2 καθʼ ἁρπαγὴν ἐσκεδασμένοι; Arrian, Anab. 1, 17, 12; 4, 5, 1; 21, 9; 6, 17, 6; 26, 2; Lucian, Ver. Hist. 2, 29; Anton. Lib., Fab. 24, 1 Δημήτηρ ἐπῄει γῆν ἅπασαν κ. ζήτησιν τῆς θυγατρός; 38; Jdth 11:19) κ. τὸν καθαρισμὸν τῶν Ἰουδαίων for the Jewish ceremonial purification J 2:6. κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω to my shame 2 Cor 11:21 (cp. Jos., Ant. 3, 268 κ. τιμὴν τ. θεοῦ τοῦτο ποιῶν). ἀπόστολος … κ. πίστιν … καὶ ἐπίγνωσιν an apostle … for the faith … and the knowledge Tit 1:1 (but the mng. ‘in accordance with’ is also prob.).
    marker of norm of similarity or homogeneity, according to, in accordance with, in conformity with, according to
    to introduce the norm which governs someth.
    α. the norm of the law, etc. (OGI 56, 33; Mitt-Wilck., I/2, 352, 11 κ. τὰ κελευσθέντα [as Just., D. 78, 7]; POxy 37 II, 8) κ. τὸν νόμον (Jos., Ant. 14, 173; 15, 51; Just., D. 10, 1 al.; Ath. 31, 1; κ. τοὺς νόμους Ἀρεοπαγείτης, letter of MAurelius: ZPE 8, ’71, 169, ln. 27) Lk 2:22; J 18:31; 19:7; Hb 7:5. τὰ κ. τ. νόμον what is to be done according to the law Lk 2:39 (cp. EpArist 32). κ. τὸ ὡρισμένον in accordance w. what has been determined 22:22. Cp. 1:9; 2:24, 27, 42; Ac 17:2; 22:3. κ. τὸ εὐαγγέλιόν μου Ro 2:16; 16:25a; 2 Ti 2:8. κ. τὸ εἰρημένον Ro 4:18 (cp. Ath. 28, 1 κ. τὰ προειρημένα). κ. τὰς γραφάς (Just., D. 82, 4; cp. Paus. 6, 21, 10 κ. τὰ ἔπη=according to the epic poems; Just., A I, 32, 14 κ. τὸ λόγιον, D. 67, 1 κ. τὴν προφητείαν ταύτην) 1 Cor 15:3; cp. Js 2:8. κ. τὴν παράδοσιν Mk 7:5 (Tat. 39, 1 κ. τὴν Ἑλλήνων παράδοσιν).—κ. λόγον as one wishes (exx. in Dssm., B 209 [not in BS]; also PEleph 13, 1; 3 Macc 3:14) Ac 18:14 (though 5bβ below is also prob.).—It can also stand simply w. the acc. of the pers. according to whose will, pleasure, or manner someth. occurs κ. θεόν (cp. Socrat., Ep. 14, 5 κ. θεόν; 26, 2; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 4 p. 332, 1 Jac. and Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 84 §352 κ. δαίμονα; Jos., Ant. 4, 143 ὁ κ. τοῦτον[=θεόν] βίος; Just., D. 5, 1 κ. τινας … Πλατωνικούς; Tat. 1, 3 κ. … τὸν κωμικόν) Ro 8:27; 2 Cor 7:9–11; κ. Χριστὸν Ἰ. Ro 15:5. κ. κύριον 2 Cor 11:17. Cp. 1 Pt 1:15. κ. τ. Ἕλληνας in the manner of the Greeks, i.e. polytheists PtK 2, p. 14, 1; 7. κ. Ἰουδαίους ln. 25.
    β. the norm according to which a judgment is rendered, or rewards or punishments are given ἀποδοῦναι τινι κ. τ. πρᾶξιν or ἔργα αὐτοῦ (Ps 61:13; Pr 24:12; Just., A I, 12, 1; 17, 4 al.; κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Mt 16:27; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 4:14; Rv 2:23. μισθὸν λήμψεται κ. τ. ἴδιον κόπον 1 Cor 3:8. κρίνειν κ. τι J 7:24; 8:15; 1 Pt 1:17; cp. Ro 2:2.
    γ. of a standard of any other kind κ. τ. χρόνον ὸ̔ν ἠκρίβωσεν in accordance w. the time which he had ascertained Mt 2:16. κ. τ. πίστιν ὑμῶν acc. to your faith 9:29. κ. τ. δύναμιν acc. to his capability 25:15 (Just., D. 139, 4; Tat. 12, 3; cp. Just., A II, 13, 6 κ. δύναμιν). Cp. Lk 1:38; 2:29; Ro 8:4; 10:2; Eph 4:7. ἀνὴρ κ. τ. καρδίαν μου Ac 13:22 (καρδία 1bε).
    δ. Oft. the norm is at the same time the reason, so that in accordance with and because of are merged: οἱ κ. πρόθεσιν κλητοί Ro 8:28. κατʼ ἐπιταγὴν θεοῦ 16:26; 1 Ti 1:1; Tit 1:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Eph 3:3 (Just., D. 78, 2). οἱ καθʼ ὑπομονὴν ἔργου ἀγαθοῦ Ro 2:7. κατʼ ἐκλογήν 11:5 (Just., D. 49, 1). Cp. κ. τὴν βουλήν Eph 1:11 (Just., A I, 63, 16 al.); 2 Th 2:9; Hb 7:16. κ. τί γνώσομαι τοῦτο; by what shall I know this? (cp. Gen 15:8) Lk 1:18.—Instead of ‘in accordance w.’ κ. can mean simply because of, as a result of, on the basis of (Ael. Aristid. 46 p. 219 D.: κ. τοὺς νόμους; Jos., Ant. 1, 259; 278; Just., A I, 54, 1 κατʼ ἐνέργειαν τῶν φαύλων δαιμόνων; Ath. 7, 1 κ. συμπάθειαν τῆς παρὰ τοῦ θεοῦ πνοῆς; 32, 1 κ. χρησμόν). κ. πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any and every reason (αἰτία 1) Mt 19:3. κ. ἀποκάλυψιν Gal 2:2. Cp. Ro 2:5; 1 Cor 12:8 (κ. τ. πνεῦμα = διὰ τοῦ πν.); Eph 1:5; 4:22b; Phil 4:11; 1 Ti 5:21; 2 Ti 1:9; Tit 3:5; κ. ἀνάγκην Phlm 14 (Ar. 1, 2; 4, 2 al.; Just., A I, 30, 1; 61, 10; Ath. 24, 2); IPol 1:3. ὁ κ. τὸ πολὺ αὐτοῦ ἔλεος ἀναγεννήσας ἡμᾶς 1 Pt 1:3.—καθʼ ὅσον (Thu. 4, 18, 4) in so far as, inasmuch as Hb 3:3. καθʼ ὅσον …, κ. τοσοῦτο in so far as …, just so far (Lysias 31, 8; Galen, De Dignosc. Puls. 3, 2, VIII 892 K.) 7:20, 22.
    as a periphrasis to express equality, similarity, or example in accordance with, just as, similar(ly) to (TestJob 32:6 τίς γὰρ κ. σε ἐν μέσῳ τῶν τέκνων σου; Tat. 25, 1 κ. … τὸν Πρωτέα like Proteus; schol. on Nicander, Ther. 50: sheep are not burden-bearers κ. τοὺς ὄνους=as donkeys are).
    α. κ. τὰ ἔργα αὐτῶν μὴ ποιεῖτε do not do as they do Mt 23:3. κ. Ἰσαάκ just as Isaac Gal 4:28. κ. θεὸν κτισθείς Eph 4:24 (Synes., Prov. 2, 2 p. 118c κ. θεόν=just as a god). Cp. Col 3:10. κ. τὸν τύπον Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40; Mel., P. 58, 424 [νόμον v.l.]). Cp. 5:6 (Ps 109:4); 8:9 (Jer 38: 32); Js 3:9.—κ. τὰ αὐτά in (just) the same way (OGI 56, 66; PEleph 2, 6; 1 Macc 8:27; 12:2; Just., D. 1, 2; 3, 5; 113, 3) Lk 6:23, 26; 17:30; Dg 3:1. On the other hand, the sing. κ. τὸ αὐτό Ac 14:1 means together (marriage contract PEleph 1, 5 [IV B.C.] εἶναι ἡμᾶς κ. ταὐτό; 1 Km 11:11). καθʼ ὸ̔ν τρόπον just as (2 Macc 6:20; 4 Macc 14:17) Ac 15:11; 27:25. καθʼ ὅσον …, οὕτως (just) as …, so Hb 9:27. κ. πάντα τρόπον in every way (PSI 520, 16 [250 B.C.]; PCairZen 631, 2; 3 Macc 3:24) Ro 3:2. κ. μηδένα τρόπον (PMagd 14, 9 [221 B.C.]; PRein 7, 31; 3 Macc 4:13; 4 Macc 4:24; Just., D. 35, 7; s. Reader, Polemo 262) 2 Th 2:3. Cp. Johannessohn, Kasus, 1910, 82. κατά w. acc. serves in general
    β. to indicate the nature, kind, peculiarity or characteristics of a thing (freq. as a periphrasis for the adv.; e.g. Antiochus of Syracuse [V B.C.]: 555 Fgm. 12 Jac. κ. μῖσος=out of hate, filled with hate) κατʼ ἐξουσίαν with authority or power Mk 1:27. κ. συγκυρίαν by chance Lk 10:31. κ. ἄγνοιαν without knowing Ac 3:17 (s. ἄγνοια 2a). κ. ἄνθρωπον 1 Cor 3:3 al. (s. Straub 15; Aeschyl., Th. 425; ἄνθρωπος 2b). κ. κράτος powerfully, Ac 19:20 (κράτος 1a). κ. λόγον reasonably, rightly (Pla.; Polyb. 1, 62, 4; 5; 5, 110, 10; Jos., Ant. 13, 195; PYale 42, 24 [12 Jan., 229 B.C.]) 18:14 (but s. above 5aα). λέγειν τι κ. συγγνώμην οὐ κατʼ ἐπιταγήν say someth. as a concession, not as a command 1 Cor 7:6; cp. 2 Cor 8:8. κ. τάξιν in (an) order(ly manner) 1 Cor 14:40 (τάξις 2). κατʼ ὀφθαλμοδουλίαν with eye-service Eph 6:6. μηδὲν κατʼ ἐριθείαν μηδὲ κ. κενοδοξίαν Phil 2:3. κ. ζῆλος zealously 3:6a, unless this pass. belongs under 6 below, in its entirety. κ. σάρκα on the physical plane Ro 8:12f; 2 Cor 1:17; also 5:16ab, if here κ. ς. belongs w. οἴδαμεν or ἐγνώκαμεν (as Bachmann, JWeiss, H-D Wendland, Sickenberger take it; s. 7a below). καθʼ ὑπερβολήν (PTebt 42, 5f [c. 114 B.C.] ἠδικημένος καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπὸ, Ἁρμιύσιος; 4 Macc 3:18) beyond measure, beyond comparison Ro 7:13; 1 Cor 12:31; 2 Cor 4:17. καθʼ ὁμοιότητα (Aristot.; Gen 1:12; Philo, Fug. 51; Tat. 12, 4 κ. τὸ ὅμοιον αὐτῇ) in a similar manner Hb 4:15b. κ. μικρόν in brief B 1:5 (μικρός 1eγ).
    denoting relationship to someth., with respect to, in relation to κ. σάρκα w. respect to the flesh, physically of human descent Ro 1:3; 4:1; 9:3, 5 (Ar. 15, 7 κ. σάρκα … κ. ψυχήν; Just., D. 43, 7 ἐν τῷ γένει τῷ κ. σάρκα τοῦ Ἀβραάμ al.). κ. τὸν ἔσω ἄνθρωπον 7:22 (cp. POxy 904, 6 πληγαῖς κατακοπτόμενον κ. τὸ σῶμα). Cp. Ro 1:4; 11:28; Phil 3:5, 6b (for vs. 6a s. 5bβ above); Hb 9:9b. τὰ κ. τινα (Hdt. 7, 148; Diod S 1, 10, 73; Aelian, VH 2, 20; PEleph 13, 3; POxy 120, 14; Tob 10:9; 1 Esdr 9:17; 2 Macc 3:40; 9:3 al.) someone’s case, circumstances Ac 24:22 (cp. PEleph 13, 3 τὰ κ. σε; Just., A I, 61, 13 τὰ κ. τὸν Ἰησοῦν πάντα, D. 102, 2 τὰ κ. αὐτόν; Ath. 24, 4 τὸ κ. τοὺς ἀγγέλους); 25:14; Eph 6:21; Phil 1:12; Col 4:7. κ. πάντα in all respects (since Thu. 4, 81, 3; Sb 4324, 3; 5761, 22; SIG 834, 7; Gen 24:1; Wsd 19:22; 2 Macc 1:17; 3 Macc 5:42; JosAs 1:7; Just., A II, 4, 4, D. 35, 8 al.); Ac 17:22; Col 3:20, 22a; Hb 2:17 (Artem. 1, 13 αὐτῷ ὅμοιον κ. π.); 4:15a.
    Somet. the κατά phrase, which would sound cumbersome in the rendering ‘such-and-such’, ‘in line with’, or ‘in accordance with’, is best rendered as an adj., a possessive pron., or with a genitival construction to express the perspective from which something is perceived or to be understood. In translation it thus functions as
    an adj. (Synes., Kingdom 4 p. 4d τὰ κατʼ ἀρετὴν ἔργα i.e. the deeds that are commensurate with that which is exceptional = virtuous deeds; PHib 27, 42 ταῖς κ. σελήνην ἡμέραις; 4 Macc 5:18 κ. ἀλήθειαν=ἀληθής; Just., A I, 2, 1 τοὺς κ. ἀλήθειαν εὐσεβεῖς; Tat. 26, 2 τῆς κ. ἀλήθειαν σοφίας) οἱ κ. φύσιν κλάδοι the natural branches Ro 11:21. ἡ κατʼ εὐσέβειαν διδασκαλία 1 Ti 6:3; cp. Tit 1:1b. οἱ κ. σάρκα κύριοι the earthly masters (in wordplay, anticipating the κύριος who is in the heavens, vs. 9) Eph 6:5. Cp. 2 Cor 5:16b, in case (s. 5bβ above) κ. ς. belongs w. Χριστόν (as the majority, incl. Ltzm., take it): a physical Christ, a Christ in the flesh, in his earthly relationships (σάρξ 5). Correspondingly in vs. 16a κ. ς. would be taken w. οὐδένα: no one simply as a physical being.—JMartyn, JKnox Festschr., ’67, 269–87.
    a possessive pron., but with limiting force (Demosth. 2, 27 τὰ καθʼ ὑμᾶς ἐλλείμματα [i.e. in contrast to the activities of others: ‘your own’]; Aelian, VH 2, 42 ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ἀρετή; 3, 36; OGI 168, 17 παραγεγονότες εἰς τοὺς καθʼ ὑμᾶς τόπους; SIG 646, 6; 807, 15 al.; UPZ 20, 9 [II B.C.] ἐπὶ τῆς καθʼ ἡμᾶς λειτουργίας; PTebt 24, 64; 2 Macc 4:21; Tat. 42, 1 τίς ὁ θεὸς καὶ τίς ἡ κατʼ αὐτὸν ποίησις; Mel., HE 4, 26, 7 ἡ καθʼ ἡμᾶς φιλοσοφία) τῶν καθʼ ὑμᾶς ποιητῶν τινες some of your (own) poets Ac 17:28. ἡ καθʼ ὑμᾶς πίστις Eph 1:15. ὁ καθʼ ὑμᾶς νόμος Ac 18:15. τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness Ro 1:15.
    a gen. w. a noun (Polyb. 3, 113, 1 ἡ κ. τὸν ἥλιον ἀνατολή; 2, 48, 2; 3, 8, 1 al.; Diod S 14, 12 ἡ κ. τὸν τύραννον ὠμότης; Dionys. Hal. 2, 1; SIG 873, 5 τῆς κ. τ. μυστήρια τελετῆς; 569, 22; 783, 20; PTebt 5, 25; PLond III, 1164k, 20 p. 167 [212 A.D.] ὑπὸ τοῦ κ. πατέρα μου ἀνεψιοῦ) τὰ κ. Ἰουδαίους ἔθη the customs of the Judeans Ac 26:3 (Tat. 12, 5 τῇ κ. Βαβυλωνίους προγνωστικῇ; 34, 2 ἡ κ. τὸν Ἀριστόδημον πλαστική). Cp. 27:2. ἡ κ. πίστιν δικαιοσύνη the righteousness of faith Hb 11:7. ἡ κατʼ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις purpose of election Ro 9:11.—Here also belong the titles of the gospels εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Ματθαῖον etc., where κατά is likew. periphrasis for a gen. (cp. JLydus, De Mag. 3, 46 p. 136, 10 Wünsch τῆς κ. Λουκανὸν συγγραφῆς; Herodian 2, 9, 4 of an autobiography ἐν τῷ καθʼ αὑτὸν βίῳ; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 18 τ. καθʼ αὐτὸν ἱστορίαν; 2 Macc 2:13. Cp. B-D-F §163; 224, 2; Zahn, Einleitung §49; BBacon, Why ‘According to Mt’? Exp., 8th ser., 16, 1920, 289–310).—On the periphrasis of the gen. by κατά s. Rudberg (ἀνά beg.) w. many exx. fr. Pla. on. But it occurs as early as Thu. 6, 16, 5 ἐν τῷ κατʼ αὐτοὺς βίῳ.—M-M. DELG. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατά

  • 2 ὑποκαταβαίνω

    A descend by degrees, Hdt.2.15, Hp.Prog.11, Th.7.60, Clearch. ap. J.Ap.1.22, Gal.18(2).145; come down, X.An.7.4.11, D.C.40.26.
    2 go back gradually, i. e. relax severity of régime, Hp.Aph.1.7.
    3 settle down, Arist.Pr. 938b31, Alex.Aphr.Pr.2.20.
    4 ὑποκαταβάς, lower down in the text, Eust.1351.43, al.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποκαταβαίνω

  • 3 ἡνιοχέω

    ἡνιοχ-έω, [dialect] Lacon. [full] ἀνιοχίω (v. ἀνιοχίων), prose form of ἡνιοχεύω,
    A hold the reins, ἀνωτέρω,.. κατωτέρω ταῖς χερσίν higher up or lower down, i.e. longer or shorter, X.Eq.7.10: c. acc., drive,

    ἅρματα Hdt.4.193

    ;

    λέοντας Luc.DDeor.12.2

    : metaph.,

    Μουσῶν στόμαθ' ἡνιοχήσας Ar.V. 1022

    ;

    τὴν διάνοιαν Luc.Am.37

    ; ἔθνεα.. φρεσὶν ἡ. Epigr.Gr. 922 ([place name] Emesa);

    τῆς ἱερᾶς κεφαλῆς τῆς πάντα -ούσης Lib.Ep.987.5

    ; βασιλεύει καὶ ἡ. Plu.2.155a: rarely c. gen.,

    συνωρίδος Pl.Phdr. 246b

    :—[voice] Pass., to be guided, ib. 253d, X.Cyr.6.1.29: metaph., of the months, AP77.482.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἡνιοχέω

  • 4 κατάγω

    κατ-άγω [pron. full] [ᾰγ], [tense] fut.
    A

    - ξω Th.1.26

    , etc.: [tense] aor.

    κατήγᾰγον Od.11.164

    , Epig.7: rarely [tense] aor. 1 κατῆξα v.l. in X.HG2.2.20, PGrenf.2.44 (ii A. D.), Philum.Ven.10.4: [dialect] Ep. [tense] aor. inf.

    - αξέμεν Il.6.53

    : [tense] pf. καταγήοχα Decr. ap. D.18.73:— lead down, esp. into the nether world,

    ψυχὰς μνηστήρων κατάγων Od.24.100

    ;

    εἰς Ἀΐδαο 11.164

    , cf. Pi.O.9.34, Paus. 3.6.2: generally, bring down to a place, Od.20.163;

    τὴν ἐκ τῶν ὀρῶν ὕλην εἰς τὸ ἄστυ Pl.Criti. 118d

    , etc.; bring down a river or canal, PGrenf.l.c.:—[voice] Pass., POxy.708.3 (ii A. D.).
    2 draw down,

    κατῆγεν ἦγεν ἦγεν ἐς μέλαν πέδον E.Ba. 1065

    ; esp. by magic arts,

    κ. τὸν Δία Plu.Num.15

    ; ἀετόν ib.8, dub. sens. in Thphr.CP2.9.4.
    4 bring down from the high seas to land,

    τὸν Κρήτηνδε κατήγαγε ἲς ἀνέμοιο Od.19.186

    : abs., put in to shore, 3.10 Aristarch. ( κατάγοντο codd.); esp. for purposes of exacting toll or plundering, X.HG4.8.33, An.5.1.11, D.5.25, al.;

    κ. ναῦς ἐς τοὺς ἑαυτῶν συμμάχους X.HG5.1.28

    ; also

    κ. τοὺς ἐμπόρους Plb.5.95.4

    , cf. D.S.20.82; κ. σαγήνην draw it to land, Plu.Sol.4; τοῦ πνεύματος κλύδωνα κατάγοντος πολύν bringing in a heavy swell from the sea, Id.Mar.36;

    ὥρα πνεῦμα λαμπρὸν ἐκ πελάγους κατάγουσα Id.Them.14

    :—[voice] Pass., come to land, land, opp. ἀνάγεσθαι, of seamen as well as ships, Od.3.178;

    ἐπ' ἀκτῆς νηΐ κατηγαγόμεσθα 10.140

    , cf. Hdt.4.43;

    Σίγειον οὐρίῳ πλάτῃ κατηγόμην S.Ph. 356

    ;

    κατάγεσθαι ἐς τὸν Μαραθῶνα Hdt.6.107

    , cf. 8.4, Pl.Mx. 240c;

    εἰς τὸν λιμένα X.HG6.2.36

    .
    b κατάγεσθαι παρά τινι turn in and lodge in a person's house, Eup.344, X.Smp.8.39, PFlor.248.11 (iii A. D.);

    ὥς τινα D.52.22

    ;

    εἰς οἰκίαν Id.49.22

    ;

    εἰς πανδοκεῖον Plu.2.773e

    .
    5 draw down or out, spin, Pherecr.46, Epig.7, Pl.Sph. 226b; κατάγουσα, , spinning-girl, statue by Praxiteles, Plin.HN34.69: metaph.,

    κ. λόγον Pl.Men. 80e

    .
    6 reduce to a state,

    ἐς κίνδυνον φανερὸν κ. τὴν πόλιν Th.4.68

    ; ὁ οἶνος εἰς ὕπνον κ. Ael.VH13.6.
    8 κ. γένος derive a pedigree,

    ἀπό τινος Id.2.843e

    , Nic. Dam.61 J.:—[voice] Pass., τὰ στέμματα κατάγεται εἴς τινα are traced down to.., Plu.Num.1;

    φᾶμαι κατάγοντο Call.Fr.1.39

    P.; of persons, to be descended,

    ἀπό τινος Olymp. Vit.Pl.p.1

    W.
    9 derive a word, S.E.M.1.242 ([voice] Pass.): generally, derive,

    ὅθεν δεῖ κατῆχθαι καὶ πῶς ἀποδεικνύειν Phld.Rh.1.203S.

    ; κ. [ βοάν] lower the voice, E.Or. 149 (lyr.): metaph., bring down, lower, πρὸς αὑτόν to one's own standard, D.Chr.40.11.
    10 Medic., couch a cataract, Gal.18(2).680.
    11 wind up a torsion-engine, Ph.Bel.76.13:—[voice] Pass., HeroBel.79.6;

    ὁ κατάγων τὴν Χεῖρα Ph.Bel.75.9

    .
    II bring back, κατὰ δὲ φρόνιν ἤγαγε πολλήν brought back much news [of Troy], Od.4.258; esp. from banishment, recall, Hdt. 1.60, Th.1.26, A.Th. 647, 660, etc.;

    κ. οἴκαδε X.An.1.2.2

    : generally, restore,

    τυραννίδας ἐς τὰς πόλις Hdt.5.92

    .

    ά; εἰς τὰς πατρίδας.. εἰρήνην Plb.5.105.2

    ;

    ἐκ ταλαιπωρίας Jul.Or.2.58c

    :—[voice] Pass., return,

    ἐπὶ τὸ στρατόπεδον X.An. 3.4.36

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατάγω

  • 5 κάτω

    κάτω, Adv., ([etym.] κατά):
    I with Verbs implying Motion, downwards,

    ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται Il.17.136

    ;

    κ. ὁρόων Od.23.91

    ;

    κατὰ τείχεος κ. ῥίπτειν Hdt.8.53

    ;

    κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κ. Ar.Pl. 238

    ;

    χώρει κ. A.Pr.74

    ;

    κ. δάκρυ' εἰβομένη S.Ant. 527

    (anap.), cf. E.Fr. 384; esp. of the nether world, A.Pers. 839, S.Ant. 197, etc.; κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Pl.R. 500b, 584e; κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς they suffered from diarrhoea, X.An.4.8.20, cf. Hp.Epid.5.20; φάρμακον πῖσαι κ. give a purgative, Id.Aff.32, cf. 15; κ. βοηθεῖν go down to help, D.32.5; for ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω, etc., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.2.
    2 downwards, in a chain of causes,

    ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι Arist.Metaph. 994a19

    .
    3 c. gen., down from,

    πετρῶν ὦσαι κ. E.Cyc. 448

    .
    II with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), beneath, below, opp. ἄνω, Hes.Th. 301, etc.:

    ὁ τόπος ὁ κ. καλούμενος Pl.Phd. 112c

    .
    b in the world below, S.Aj. 660, OC 1563 (lyr.), etc.; οἱ κ. the dead, Id.Aj. 865, Ant.75, etc.;

    οἱ κ. θεοί Id.El. 292

    , cf. E.Alc. 851.
    c geographically below, southward, Hdt., v. ἄνω (B) A. 11.1e; also κ. οἰκεῖν to dwell on the coast, Th.1.7; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, ib. 120; ἡ. κ. Γαλατία lower Galatia, Plu Aem.9, etc.;

    βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κ. χωρῶν OGI90.3

    (Rosetta, ii B.C.).
    d in the race-course, τὰ κ. the starting-place, opp. τὰ ἄνω (the goal), Pl.R. 613b.
    e τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν the lower limbs of the body, Id.Lg. 794d; ἡ κ. κοιλία, opp. ἡ ἄνω, Arist.Mete. 360b24.PA 676a5; περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν miscarry, fail, Luc. Ind.1.
    f of Time, afterwards, later, Ael.VH5.13;

    οἱ κ. χρόνοι Plu. Cor.25

    ; οἱ κ., opp. οἱ πάλαι, Luc.Hipp.1; τοῦ χρόνου κ. later in time, Ael.VH3.17, NA2.18; Δαρεῖος ὁ κ. ib.6.48; cf. ἄνω (B) A.11.1i.
    g in Logic, τὰ κ. the lower members in a descending series of genera and species, Arist.AP0.97a31, Metaph. 992a18.
    III c. gen., under, below, κ. χθονός, γῆς, A.Eu. 1023, S.OT 968, etc.
    IV [comp] Comp. κατωτέρω lower, downwards, Ar.Ra.70, Alex.173.2: c. gen., lower than, below, Hdt.8.132.
    2 [comp] Sup. κατωτάτω at the lowest part,

    τὰ κ. Id.2.125

    (but in signf. 11.g, Phld.Sign.29).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κάτω

  • 6 ὑφίημι

    ὑφίημι, [dialect] Ion. [full] ὑπίημι Hdt.1.156, al.:—
    A let down, lower,

    ἱστόν Il.1.434

    , h.Ap. 504, cf. Poll.1.107; ὑ. τὸ ἱστίον lower sail, Sch.S.El. 335 (v. infr. 111); ὑ. τὰς ῥάβδους, of lictors, Plu.Pomp.19.
    2 put under,

    ὑπὸ δὲ θρῆνυν ποσὶν ἥσει Il.14.240

    , cf. Od.19.57;

    ὑφείσθωσαν ὑπὸ τοὺς βρόχους X.Cyn.10.2

    ; put a young one under its dam, put it to suck,

    ὑπ' ἔμβρυον ἧκεν ἑκάστῃ Od.9.245

    , 309; ὑφίητι ([dialect] Dor.)

    τὰ μοσχία Theoc.4.4

    :—but in [voice] Med., μαστοῖς ὑφεῖτο put it to her own breasts, to suckle it, E.Ph.31.
    b put female to male, Palaeph.39.
    3 ὑ. τινά engage any one secretly, prepare him to play a part, suborn,

    ὑφεὶς μάγον τοιόνδε S.OT 387

    , cf. Pl.Ax. 368e: hence in [tense] pf. part. [voice] Pass., ὡς ἔχιδν' ὑφειμένη like a snake lurking, S.Ant. 531: also

    ἐνέδρας πολλὰς ὑφείς Plu.Pyrrh.30

    , cf. Anon. ap. Suid. s.v. ὑφέντες; ἐνσχεθεὶς ταῖς πάγαις ἂς ἄλλοις ὑφῆκε Ael.Fr.22;

    δέλεαρ αὐτῷ δέκα σπείρας ὑφῆκεν Plu. Pomp.20

    , cf. Per.13.
    4 give up, surrender,

    σῶμ' ὑφεῖσ' ἀλγηδόσι E.Med.24

    ;

    ὑ. τὴν χώραν ἡμετέραν εἶναι X.An.3.5.5

    .
    5 let down, relax,

    τὸ ἄγαν τινός Plu.2.68e

    .
    II intr., slacken, relax, or abate from a thing, c. gen.,

    ὑπεὶς τῆς ὀργῆς Hdt.1.156

    ;

    τῆς ἀγνωμοσύνης Id.9.4

    , cf. E. Ion 847;

    πολὺ τῆς ὁρμῆς ὑφεικώς D.Chr.11.95

    : abs., give in, abate,

    οὐδὲν ὑπιέντες Hdt.7.162

    :—[voice] Med.,

    ὑπίεσθαι τῆς ὀργῆς Id.2.121

    .

    δ; ὕφεσθε τοῦ τόνου Ar.V. 337

    ;

    τοῦ μέγα φρονεῖν X.Cyr.7.5.62

    ;

    τῆς δυνάμεως μηδέν Id.Mem.4.3.17

    ; of things, [τὸ ὕδωρ] ὑπίεται τοῦ ψυχροῦ abates from.., Hdt.4.181;

    οὐ πόνων ὑ. X.Ages.7.1

    ; τοῦ στόματός γε ὑ. I give way as to it, Id.Smp.5.7: yield, give way, D.H. 8.84;

    τοῖς πολεμίοις Id.Cyr.5.2.12

    ; φρονήματος οὐδενὶ.. ὑφιέμενος inferior to none in spirit, Plu.Cat.Mi.1, cf. Id.2.54c;

    ὑ. τῆς ἐμπειρίας Jul.Or.2.53d

    ;

    ὑ. τινὶ τῆς ὁδοῦ Luc.Luct. 2

    ; give up,

    τῶν ἐκ τῆς ἀρχῆς προσόδων Jul.Or.1.19c

    : c. dat. et inf.,

    οὐδενὶ ὑφείμην ἂν ἥδιον ἐμοῦ βεβιωκέναι X.Mem.4.8.6

    , cf. HG7.4.9, Oec.12.14.
    III [voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., lower one's sails (v. supr. 1.1), Archil. (?) in PLit.Lond.54, Ar.Ra. 1220: mostly in [tense] pf. part., ἐν κακοῖς μοι πλεῖν ὑφειμένῃ δοκεῖ to run with lowered sails, i. e. to lower one's tone, S.El. 335; so

    ὑφειμένοις πλέων ἱστίοις καὶ ταπεινοῖς Plu.Luc.3

    : metaph.,

    τῆς φωνῆς ὑφειμένης ἐπαρθείσης δὲ μή Phld.Rh.1.199S.

    , cf. Philostr.Im.1.22, Aristaenet.1.3;

    τὸ ὑφειμένον

    diminution,

    Thphr.CP6.14.12

    ; μισθῶν ὑφειμένων at reduced wages, PTeb.5.251 (ii B. C.); ὑφειμένα χρώματα pale colours, Steph. in Gal.1.250 D.: c. gen.,

    ὑφεῖσθαί τινος

    to descend lower in the scale than, be inferior to,

    Procl.Inst.18

    , Dam.Pr.34: abs.,

    - ειμένος Plot.6.4.11

    , Procl.Inst.24, al.
    2 σῴζω νεοσσοὺς ὄρνις ὢς ὑφειμένη like a cowering hen,—or perh. with my nestlings under me, E.HF72.
    3 submit, X.An.3.1.17, 3.2.3, al.: c. inf., κατθανεῖν ὑφειμένη submissively prepared to die, E.Alc. 524.

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  • 7 ὑποβαίνω

    A stand under, τὸ ὑποβαινόμενον σκέλος the leg which is stood on, opp. τὸ ἔξω ἀποβαινόμενον (the lame leg which is pointed outwards to relieve it from the weight of the body), Hp.Art.52.
    3 in [tense] pf., fall under the head of, [

    τῇ σαφηνεία] ὑποβέβηκε τὸ καθαρὸν καὶ εὐκρινές Hermog.Id.1.1

    ; ὑποβεβηκώς logically subordinate, low in the descent from the universal to the particular, ὑποβεβηκυῖαι ἰδέαι ibid., cf. Phld.Sign.29, S.E.P.1.39, Sor.1.2, 2.1,6, Aristid. Quint.3.24; πάντα τὰ ὑποβεβηκότα προσεχῶς ὗλαι τῶν ἐπαναβεβηκότων (cf.

    ἐπαναβαίνω 111.2

    ) Porph. in Harm.p.197 W.; of numbers, lower in the scale, S.E.M.9.306.
    II go under or down, Ph.Bel. 100.8 (s. v. l.); of the tide, ebb, Placit.3.17.1.
    III step back, opp. προϊέναι, Gal.Parv.Pil.2;

    ὑπέβη εἰς τοὐπίσω Hld.2.5

    ; of a gladiator, Artem.2.32: in [tense] pf., stand further back,

    πήχεσι δυσὶν ὑποβεβηκότες Ascl.Tact.5.1

    , cf. Ael.Tact.14.4, Arr.Tact.12.8.
    IV metaph.,

    τεσσεράκοντα πόδας ὑποβὰς τῆς ἑτέρης [πυραμίδος] τὠυτὸ μέγαθος

    going

    40

    feet below the like size of the other pyramid, i.e. building it 40 feet lower, Hdt.2.127; ὑ. αὐχήματος descend from boasting, D.H.8.48; τῆς ἀρχαίας εὐδαιμονίας ὑποβεβηκότες fallen from it, J.AJ11.4.2; ὑποβαίνοντι πρὸς τὰ ἄλλα coming down to the details, Thphr.Metaph.27; in Neoplatonism, of the descent (cf.

    ὑπόβασις 1.2

    ) from the universal to the particular, from unity to plurality, or from eternity to the world, οἳ (sc. θνητοὶ) τῶν ἡρώων ὑποβεβήκασιν are inferior to.., Hierocl. in CA27p.483M., cf. Moderatus ap.Simp. in Ph.231.5, Porph.Gaur.6.2, Iamb.Comm.Math.8, Simp. in Ph.784.15: also c. acc., fall below,

    δοκεῖς μοι οὐδένα τῶν πρὸ σοῦ ἐν οὐδενὶ -βεβηκέναι Pl.Chrm. 158b

    ;

    τὰ φυσικά.., διὰ τὸ πᾶσαν τὴν.. ἀσώματον οὐσίαν ὑποβεβηκέναι Simp. in Ph.286.13

    : abs., to be lower or less,

    καθάπερ ὑ. τὸ τίμημα Pl.Lg. 775b

    ; τούτῳ νοσήσαντι ὑπέβη τὰ δεξιά interpol. in Philostr.Gym.41.
    2 ὑποβάς a little below (in the book), Str.1.2.40, 6.2.4;

    μικρὸν ὑποβάς Parth.21.3

    ;

    ὑποβαίνων ἐρεῖ Hermog. Inv.4.10

    ; v. ὑποκαταβαίνω 4.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑποβαίνω

  • 8 ταπεινόω

    ταπεινόω (ταπεινός) fut. ταπεινώσω; 1 aor. ἐταπείνωσα. Pass.: 1 fut. ταπεινωθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἐταπεινώθην; pf. ptc. τεταπεινωμένος (Hippocr. et al.; LXX; En 106:1; EpArist 257; Philo, Joseph.) gener. ‘lower, make low’
    to cause to be at a lower point, lower (Diod S 1, 36, 8; Bar 5:7; En 1:6; PsSol 11:4) ὄρος, βουνόν level a mountain, hill Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4).
    to cause someone to lose prestige or status, humble, humiliate, abase, done esp. to slaves, fig. ext. of 1
    w. focus on reversal of status ταπ. ἑαυτόν humble oneself of Christ, who went voluntarily to his death Phil 2:8 (s. on the whole pass. the lit. s.v. ἁρπαγμός and κενόω 1b; also KThieme, D. ταπεινοφροσύνη Phil 2 u. Ro 12: ZNW 8, 1907, 9–33). Of Paul, who did not hesitate to work w. his hands degrade 2 Cor 11:7. ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὑψωθήσεται (ταπ. … ὑψόω: Chilon in Diog. L. 1, 69) Mt 23:12b; cp. Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. also 2b below). Also the pass. (Hyperid. 6, 10; Jos., Ant. 18, 147) Mt 23:12a; Lk 14:11a; 18:14a (cp. X., An. 6, 3, 18 θεὸς τοὺς μεγαληγορήσαντας ταπεινῶσαι βούλεται).
    w. focus on shaming, w. acc. of pers. or thing treated in this manner (Diod S 8, 25, 1; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 62, 29) μὴ ταπεινώσῃ με ὁ θεὸς πρὸς ὑμᾶς that God may not humiliate me before you 2 Cor 12:21. κύριος ὁ θεὸς ἐταπείνωσέν με σφόδρα the Lord God has profoundly shamed me GJs 2:3. τὶ ἐταπείνωσας τὴν ψυχήν σοὺ; Why have you so disgraced yourself? GJs 13:2; 15:3.
    w. focus on punitive aspect (Diod S 13, 24, 6 Tyche [Fortune] ταπεινοῖ τοὺς ὑπερηφάνους; Cyranides p. 49, 12 ἐχθρούς) confound, overthrow τοὺς ὑψηλούς 1 Cl 59:3b; ὕβριν ὑπερηφάνων vs. 3a. Cp. B 4:4f (Da 7:24).—ταπεινόω can also refer to external losses, approx. = ‘hold down, harm’ (Petosiris, Fgm. 6 ln. 21 [act.] and 24 [pass.]).
    to cause to be or become humble in attitude, humble, make humble in a favorable sense (Philod., περὶ κακιῶν col. 22, 3 = p. 38 Jensen ἑαυτόν; Celsus 3, 62 αὑτόν) ὅστις ταπεινώσει ἑαυτὸν ὡς τὸ παιδίον τοῦτο Mt 18:4. So perh. also 23:12b; Lk 14:11b; 18:14b (s. 2a above). ταπεινοῦσθαι humble oneself, become humble (Menand., Fgm. 754, 6 Kö.=544, 6 Kock τὴν θεὸν ἐξιλάσαντο τῷ ταπεινοῦσθαι σφόδρα; Sir 18:21; GrBar 7:5 ἐταπεινώθην φόβῳ μεγάλῳ) ταπεινώθητε ἐνώπιον κυρίου Js 4:10. ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ bow down beneath the hand of God (cp. Gen 16:9) 1 Pt 5:6. καρδία τεταπεινωμένη a humbled heart 1 Cl 18:17 (Ps 50:19). ψυχὴ τεταπεινωμένη B 3:5 (Is 58:10.—Cp. Diod S 20, 53, 3 τῇ ψυχῇ ταπεινωθείς; 20, 77, 3 ἐταπεινώθη τὴν ψυχήν). Corresp. ὀστᾶ τεταπεινωμένα 1 Cl 18:8 (Ps 50:10).—KThieme, D. christl. Demut I (history of the word, and humility in Jesus) 1906; DFyffe, ET 35, 1924, 377–79. S. also πραΰτης, end.
    to subject to strict discipline, constrain, mortify. In accordance w. OT usage, ταπεινοῦν τὴν ἑαυτοῦ ψυχήν (Lev 16:29, 31; 23:27; Ps 34:13; Is 58:3 al.) or ταπεινοῦσθαι (Sir 34:26; 2 Esdr 8:21; the prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 353f, LAE 413ff=SIG 1181, 11] θεὸς ᾧ πᾶσα ψυχὴ ταπεινοῦται; s. Dssm., LO 357f, LAE 419) means to mortify oneself GJs 2:2; B 3:1, 3 (Is 58:5); Hm 4, 2, 2 (s. ταπεινοφροσύνη). οἶδα ταπεινοῦσθαι (opp. περισσεύειν) of an austere regimen: I know how to do w. little (cp. ταπεινός Pla. Leg. 762e; s. also Plut., Mor. 7e) Phil 4:12.—WCvanUnnik, Zur Bedeutung von ταπεινοῦν τὴν ψυχήν bei den Apost. Vätern, ZNW 44, ’52f, 250–55. On the whole word: ESchweizer, Erniedrigung u. Erhöhung bei Jesus u. s. Nachfolgern ’55.—DELG s.v. ταπεινός. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ταπεινόω

  • 9 καταβιβάζω

    A make to go down, bring down,

    τινὰ ἀπὸ τῆς πυρῆς Hdt.1.87

    , cf. 86;

    τοὺς ἐκ τοῦ καταστρώματος ἐς κοίλην νέα Id.8.119

    ;

    στρατιώτας.. εἰς τὴν Χώραν τῶν Φρυγῶν Hell.Oxy. 16.3

    ;

    τὴν πόλιν πρὸς τὴν θάλασσαν Plu.Them.4

    ; bring from town to country, Id.Cam.10; down into a mine, Th.7.86, Plu.2.262d: metaph., bring down, lower,

    κ. σεαυτὸν ἀπὸ αὐχημάτων εἰς τὸ δημοτικώτερον D.H.7.45

    :—[voice] Pass.,

    κωμῳδία -βιβασθεῖσα εἰς τὸ λογοειδές Str.1.2.6

    .
    III bring down the accent, i.e. throw it forward, A.D.Synt.213.16, EM774.34.
    IV Astron., ὁ -βιβάζων (sc. σύνδεσμος ) the descending node, Vett.Val.30.6, Procl.Hyp.5.101.

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  • 10 κατασπάω

    κατασπάω, [tense] fut. -άσω [ᾰ]: [tense] pf. - έσπᾰκα Ar.Eq. 718:—
    A draw, pull down,

    μολυβδὶς ὥστε δίκτυον κατέσπασεν S.Fr. 840

    ; κατασπάσαι τινὰ τῶν τριχῶν drag one down by the hair, Ar.Lys. 725;

    τινὰ τοῦ σκέλους Antiph.86.3

    ; κ. τὰς πεντηκοντέρους haul them down to the sea, set them afloat, Hdt.1.164, cf. 7.193; τὰ σημεῖα κατεσπάσθη (in token of defeat), Th.1.63;

    κ. τινὰ ἀπὸ τοῦ ἵππου X.An.1.9.6

    ; κατεσπακὼς τὰς ὀφρῦς, of one frowning, Alciphr.3.3:—[voice] Pass., to be drawn down, τὰ κατασπώμενα.. κἀνασπώμενα, of the limbs of puppets, X.Mem.3.10.7; κατεσπασμέναι ὀφρύες, of one frowning, Arist.HA 491b17; κατασπᾶσθαι ἐς ὕπνον, ἐς δάκρυα, Luc.DMar.2.2, Anach.23.
    b gather fruit from, τὸν ἐλαιωνοπαράδεισον, prob. in PSI1.33.26 (iii A.D.).
    2 [voice] Pass., to be displaced downwards, of a dislocated bone, Hp.Mochl. 4, 5; to be convulsed, suffer a spasm, Id.Epid.3.17.β (or perh. to be drawn, as in facial paralysis); fall into a trance, PMag.Lond.121.549.
    II draw down or forth,

    τὰ γυναικεῖα Hp.Epid.6.8.32

    , cf. Arist.GA 750b35;

    γάλα Dsc.3.58

    ; draw off,

    τὸ τὴν νοῦσον παρέχον Hp.Loc.Hom.30

    ([voice] Pass.); χυμοὺς κ. [τὸ λουτρόν] App.Anth.3.158.
    III quaff, swallow down, Ar.Eq. 718, Ra. 576, Antiph.204.13.
    IV pull down, οἶκον, ἄλση, LXX 2 Ch.24.7, 34.7; τὰ ὑψηλά ib. 31.1, cf. PTeb.5.134 (ii B.C., [voice] Pass.);

    τὴν Σμύρναν Str.14.1.37

    , cf. 16.2.30 ([voice] Pass.); κ. τὰς τάξεις break the ranks, Plb.1.40.13: metaph., Phld. D.1.17.
    V lower,

    τὴν φωνήν Antyll.

    ap. Orib.6.9.5.
    VI precipitate, Zos.Alch.p.195 B. ([voice] Pass.).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κατασπάω

  • 11 καθαιρέω

    καθαιρέω 2 fut. καθελῶ Lk 12:18; 1 aor. impv. 2 pl. καθαιρήσατε (Just., A I, 56, 4); 2 aor. καθεῖλον, ptc. καθελών. Pass.: fut. καθαιρεθήσομαι LXX; 1 aor. καθῃρέθην; pf. ptc. καθῃρημένος LXX; plpf. 3 sg. καθῄρητο Judg 6:28 B (Hom.+).
    to bring down from one level to another, take down, bring down, lower (Demetr. [?]: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.) τινά or τὶ someone or someth.: someone fr. a carriage MPol 8:3. Judas fr. a tree Papias (3:1). Of raised hands let (them) drop B 12:2 (w. τὰς χεῖρας to be supplied); the body fr. the cross (Polyb. 1, 86, 6; Philo, In Flacc. 83; Jos., Bell. 4, 317) Mk 15:36, 46; Lk 23:53. ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου (Josh 8:29; 10:27) Ac 13:29. δυνάστας ἀπὸ θρόνων bring down the rulers fr. their thrones Lk 1:52 (κ. abs. in this mng.: Hdt. 7, 8, 1; Aelian, VH 2, 25; Jos., Ant. 8, 270; for the theme cp. 3 Macc 2:2–20).
    to destroy by tearing down, tear down, destroy, overpower
    lit.
    α. of buildings tear down (X., Hell. 4, 4, 13 τῶν τειχῶν=a part of the walls; SIG 826e, 31 τ. οἰκίαν; PAmh 54, 3; Is 5:5; 22:10; Jos., Vi. 65; Just., A I, 56, 4 τὸν ἀνδριάντα) in contrast to οἰκοδομέω (Jer 49:10; 51:34; Ezk 36:36): the temple B 16:3 (cp. Diod S 20, 93, 1 ἱερά; Is 49:17). Barns Lk 12:18. Pass. B 16:4.
    β. conquer, destroy (Thu. 1, 4; 1, 77, 6 al.; Aelian, VH 2, 25; POxy 1408, 23 τοὺς λῃστάς; EpArist 263; Philo, Agr. 86; Jos., Ant. 10, 209; δαίμονας κ. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 73, 29) ἔθνη Ac 13:19. Pass. καθαιροῦνται αἱ δυνάμεις τοῦ σατανᾶ IEph 13:1.
    fig. (Epict. 1, 28, 25 τὰ δόγματα τὰ ὀρθὰ κ.; Zech 9:6 καθελῶ ὕβριν ἀλλοφύλων; Jos., Ant. 6, 179 τ. ἀλαζονείαν; Tat. 26, 3 πολεμούντες … ἑαυτοῖς ἀλλήλους καθαιρεῖτε; Iren. 1, 15, 2 [Harv. I 149, 8] κ. τὸν θάνατον) λογισμούς destroy sophistries 2 Cor 10:4. Pass. ἄγνοια IEph 19:3. καθαιρεῖσθαι τῆς μεγαλειότητος αὐτῆς suffer the loss of her magnificence Ac 19:27 (cp. Achmes 13, 22 ὁ κριτὴς … καθαιρεῖται τῆς ἀξίας αὐτοῦ=the judge suffers the loss of his dignity; B-D-F §180, 1; Rob. 518. Field, Notes 129f would supply τὶ and transl. diminish).—DELG s.v. αἱρέω. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καθαιρέω

  • 12 ὑποβιβάζω

    ὑποβῐβ-άζω, Causal of ὑποβαίνω,
    A draw or bring down: Medic., carry off downwards, i. e. by purging,

    ὑ. τὰ χολώδη Dsc.3.30

    , cf. Antyll. ap. Orib.6.6.1.
    II [voice] Med., stoop or crouch down, of a horse that lowers itself to take up the rider, X.Eq.6.16, Poll.1.213; cf.

    ὑπόβασις 11

    .
    III lower, humble, Hsch., Phot., Suid.
    IV Music., transpose lower, opp. ὑπερβ., Theo Sm.p.92 H.
    V [voice] Pass., of numbers, to be in a descending series, Iamb. in Nic.p.53 P.

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  • 13 συγκαθίημι

    συγκαθ-ίημι, [tense] fut.
    A

    - καθήσω E.Hel. 1068

    :— let down with or together, deposit together, κόσμον l.c.; αὑτὴν ς. let oneself down, lower oneself,

    εἴς τι Pl.Tht. 174a

    ; ὁμοῦ σ. ἑαυτὸν εἰς τὴν θάλατταν threw himself into it along with her, Plu.2.163c; insert together with,

    ἄγκιστρον τῷ δακτύλῳ Heliod.

    ap. Orib.44.14.3. cf. Dsc.2.76, 5.40; σ. Μούσας τοῖς Βατράχοις bring them upon the stage at the same time with.., Arg.2 S.OC:—[voice] Pass., stoop down and enter, εἰς τόπον, of an ambush, Plb.8.24.4.
    II (sc. ἑαυτόν) settle down, crouch, squat, Arist.Pr. 869b11, D.S.20.51;

    συγκαθείσης τῆς θηλείας ἐπιβαίνει τὸ ἄρρεν Arist.HA 539b29

    .
    2 stoop, condescend, accommodate oneself,

    οἱ.. γέροντες συγκαθιέντες τοῖς νέοις Pl.R. 563a

    ;

    εἰς.. D.H.6.56

    , etc.: abs., Pl.Prt. 336a, Tht. 168b; εἰς τὰ ἀναγκαῖα cj. in Epicur.Sent.Vat.44.
    3 of a seller, σ. τῇ τιμῇ come down in price, Lync. ap. Ath.7.313f.

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  • 14 κάτω

    κάτω adv. of place (s. three next entries; Hom.+).
    to be relatively lower in positional orientation (location), below συμφθαρέντα κάτω of seeds that perish in the earth AcPlCor 2:26. κ. ἐν τῇ αὐλῇ, below in the courtyard Mk 14:66. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς κ. (Dt 4:39; Josh 2:11; 3 Km 8:23) Ac 2:19. κ. τοῦ βυθοῦ at the bottom of the sea B 10:5. Subst. τὰ κάτω (opp. τὰ ἄνω) this world (in contrast to ‘that’ world as Maximus Tyr. 11, 10c) J 8:23 (for the opp. τὰ ἄνω … τὰ κάτω cp. Ael. Aristid. 36, 32 K.=48 p. 449 D.; Herm. Wr. 11, 5; 14, 5; SIG 610, 52f [190 B.C.]). For Mt 2:16 D s. 2.
    extension toward a point that is the opposite of up (direction), downwards, down (Herodian 3, 11, 3; En 14:25; TestSol 4:13 D; TestAbr B 12 p. 116, 13 [Stone p. 80]; ApcEsdr; Jos., Ant. 19, 349; Tat. 16, 1 γνώμας … κ. νενευκυίας) βάλλειν κάτω J 12:31 v.l.; κεκυφὼς κ. AcPl Ha 4, 12; βάλλειν σεαυτὸν κ. throw yourself down Mt 4:6; Lk 4:9. κ. κύπτειν J 8:6, 8 v.l.; πίπτειν κ. Ac 20:9; ἀπενεχθῆναι κ. be brought down Hs 9, 4, 7. ἔτι κ. χώρει go down farther Mt 20:28 D=Agr 22. ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕως κ. from top to bottom (cp. Aëtius 86, 5 ἄνωθεν κάτω) Mt 27:51 (ἐπάνωθεν ἕως κ. v.l.); Mk 15:38 (ἕως κ. as Ezk 1:27; 8:2). ἐπάνωθεν ἕως κ. GJs 24:3. Of time ἀπὸ διετίας καὶ κάτω Mt 2:16 D; GJs 22:1 (s. deStrycker 433).—DELG s.v. κάτα, κατά. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κάτω

  • 15 ταπεινόω

    + V 15-37-37-68-21=178 Gn 15,13; 16,9; 31,50; 34,2; Ex 1,12
    A: to bow (the head) [τι] Sir 4,7; to bring low, to abase, to confound, to overthrow (pride) [τι] Is 13,11; to bring down (the body) [τι] Est 4,17k; to bring down, to humble, to lower (the eyes) [τι] (metaph.) 2 Sm 22,28; to bring low (a tree) [τι] (metaph.) Ez 17,24; to humble [τινα] Gn 15,13; to violate [τινα] Gn 34,2
    P: to be lowered, to be levelled Is 40,4; to be humbled Ps 50(51),19
    ταπεινώσατε τὰς ψυχὰς ὑμῶν humble your souls, discipline yourselves, fast Lv 16,29
    *JgsA 5,13 ταπείνωσόν μοι humble (them) before me, make (them) low before me-רדד? to subdue for MT ירד ירד (the people of the Lord) went down for me; *Is 3,8 ἐταπεινώθη it has been brought low-ענה for MT עני? (עיני 1QIsa) eyes of; *Is 3,17 καὶ ταπεινώσει and he will humble-פלשׁ? for MT פחשׂו he will lay bare; *Ps 38(39),3 ἐταπεινώθην I was humbled-דממתי? I was brought to silence for MT דומיה silence;
    *Ps 87(88),16 ἐταπεινώθην I am brought low-אמך מוך or-מכך for MT ך/אמי your terrors; *Jb 22,23
    ταπεινώσῃς σεαυτόν you humble yourself-תענה for MT תבנה you will be rebuilt, you will be rehabilitated
    Cf. DORIVAL 1994, 504-505; SPICQ 1978a, 878-880; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > ταπεινόω

  • 16 ῥέπω

    Grammatical information: v.
    Meaning: `to decline, to descend', esp. of the balance (scales), `to sway down, to turn out, to gain the upper hand', w. prefix also trans. `to lower, to let tilt' (Il.).
    Other forms: Rare fut. ῥέψω and aor. ῥέψαι (IA.).
    Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ἀντι-, κατα-.
    Derivatives: 1. ῥοπή f. `lowering, tilting (of the scales), swing' (Alc., IA.), to which a.o. ἀντί-ρροπος `equipoising, counterweighing', also connected with ῥέπω (Att.), with ἀντιρροπ-ίη (v. l. -ή) f. `counterweight' (Hp.). 2. περί-ρρεψις f. `tilting' (Hp.). 3. ῥόπαλον n. `bludgeon, mace' (Il.) [but Chantraine, Form. 246 calls connection with ῥέπω doubtful; I think that the word is rather Pre-Greek]with ῥοπάλ-ιον n. (hell. inscr. a. pap.), - ωτός `equipped with a club-like rounding' (D. C.), - ώδης `(pulsing) like a club', of the pulse, - ωσις f. des. of a hairdisease (medic.), - ικός `club-like', as des. of a verse (gramm.), - ίζει στρέφει, κινεῖ ὡς ῥόπαλον H. with - ισμοί pl. (Ar. Lys.); on the meaning of ῥόπαλον cf. below. 4. ῥόπτρον n. `the wood in a trap, knocker, ring at the door, tamboutine' (Archil., Att.); with dissim. ῥόπτον meaning unclear (Epid. IVa), - τίον κλειδίον H. 5. περι-, ἐπι-, κατα-ρρεπής `tilting etc.' (IA.), ἑτερο-ρρεπής prop. "tilting to (one or) the other side", `indecisive, unbiased' (A. in lyr., Hp.). 6. ῥεπτικός `tilting' ( Stoik.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Beside the full grade root-present ῥέπω one assumes as zero grade ῥάπτω, ῥαπίζω (IE *u̯rep-: u̯r̥p-?), also with lengthened grade ῥώψ, but see s.v. As the main semantic denominator one posits `turn (together), wind, bend', but it is impossible to indicate in every case the connections. For ῥέπω one would like to assume a meaning `bow (away) from the straight position, divert', first of the scales. A basic meaning `turn', from where `throw' (cf. Lat. torqueō `turn, throw') one wanted to find in ῥόπαλον, ῥόπτρον (cf. WP. 1, 276 with Curtius a.o.); for the in that case to be assumed meaning `throwing stick' (cf. καλαῦροψ) there is however not the slightest indication. A direct connection with ῥαπίζω, ῥαπίς (prop. `rod, staff'; Persson Beitr. 1, 499) lies formally farther than direct connection with ῥέπω, ῥοπή. So ῥόπαλον prop. "the (for the blow) lowered, falling down (club)" like ῥόπτρον of the wood falling down ? Cf. ξύλον καθῆκε (E. HF 993) of the on the head of a boy downcoming club of Heracles. -- Cf. ῥέμβομαι w. references.
    Page in Frisk: 2,649-650

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ῥέπω

  • 17 ἐγείρω

    ἐγείρω fut. ἐγερῶ; 1 aor. ἤγειρα. Pass.: pres. ἐγείρομαι, impv. 2 sg. ἐγείρου, pl. ἐγείρεσθε; 1 fut. ἐγερθήσομαι; 1 aor. ἠγέρθην; pf. ἐγήγερμαι (B-D-F §101 and 78; Rob. 1215) (Hom.+).
    to cause someone to wake from sleep, wake, rouse Mt 8:25; Mk 4:38; Ac 12:7.
    to cease sleeping, wake up, awaken fr. sleep, pass. intr. (PStras 100, 15 [II B.C.] ἐγερθεὶς ἐκάλουν βοηθούς) ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕπνου Mt 1:24 (cp. διεγείρω). Abs. 25:7; Mk 4:27; J 11:12 P75. Fig., ἐξ ὕπνου ἐγερθῆναι awaken fr. sleep (i.e. thoughtless indolence) Ro 13:11 (cp. Epict. 2, 20, 15 ἐ. ἐκ τῶν ὕπνων, fr. the sleep of carelessness); cp. AcPl Ha 4, 32.
    to cause to stand up from a position lower than that of the pers. rendering assistance, raise, help to rise, pers. sitting down Ac 3:7 (ἵνα σταθῶ). Lying down Mk 1:31; 9:27. Stretched out Ac 10:26 (En 14:25). Fallen Mt 12:11; 1 Cl 59:4; Hv 3, 2, 4.
    to move to a standing position, rise, get up, pass. intr. of those who have awakened Mt 2:13f, 20f; 8:26; Lk 11:8; who were sitting down (EpArist 94) Mt 9:19; Lk 13:25; J 11:29; Hv 1, 4, 1; AcPl Ox 6; kneeling Hv 2, 1, 3; of the sick Mt 8:15; 9:6f; Mk 2:12; of those called back to life (cp. 4 Km 4:31) Mt 9:25; Lk 7:14. ἐκ τοῦ δείπνου rise from the table J 13:4; of one who has fallen Mt 17:7; Ac 9:8 (on ἀπὸ τ. γῆς cp. 2 Km 12:17; Ps 112:7).
    to cause to come into existence, raise up, bring into being (Judg 2:16, 18 ἤγειρε αὐτοῖς κύριος κριτάς; 3:9, 15 σωτῆρα; Pr 10:12; TestLevi 18:2 ἱερέα; Jos., Ant. 8, 199) κέρας σωτηρίας a horn of salvation Lk 1:69; τέκνα τινί Mt 3:9; Lk 3:8. ἤγειρεν τὸν Δαυὶδ αὐτοῖς εἰς βασιλέα he gave them David as (their) king Ac 13:22 (cp. Jos., Ant. 19, 295). W. double acc. and dat. of advantage vs. 23 v.l.; τὶ someth. (Theognis 549 πόλεμον ἐ.; Appian, Hann. 41 §177 θόρυβον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 50 Jac. μάχην; Tat. 19, 3 στάσεις καὶ μάχας) cause θλῖψιν Phil 1:17 (Lucian, Syr. Dea 18 πένθος τινι).
    to cause to return to life, raise up (the ancients closely associated death with sleep; s., e.g., Kaibel 559, 7f; RLattimore, Themes in Greek and Latin Epitaphs ’62, 164f al.) (Apollodor. [II B.C.]: 244 Fgm. 138a Jac., of Asclepius. Similarly schol. on Lucian p. 55, 23 Rabe; Sir 48:5 ὁ ἐγείρας νεκρὸν ἐκ θανάτου; PGM 4, 195) Mt 10:8; J 5:21; Ac 26:8; 2 Cor 1:9; AcPt Ox 849 verso, 10; AcPl Ha 8, 35=BMM verso 9. Of the raising of Jesus Ac 5:30; 10:40; 13:37; 1 Cor 6:14; 15:15ff; 2 Cor 4:14. More fully ἐ. τινὰ ἐκ νεκρῶν (mostly of Jesus’ resurr.) J 12:1, 9, 17; Ac 3:15; 4:10; 13:30; Ro 4:24; 8:11; 10:9; Gal 1:1; Eph 1:20; Col 2:12; 1 Th 1:10; Hb 11:19; 1 Pt 1:21; IMg 9:3; Pol 2:1f; AcPlCor 2:6. ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Of the raising of Christ’s flesh ISm 7:1.
    to enter into or to be in a state of life as a result of being raised, be raised, rise, pass. intr., of one who has died (Is 26:19; TestJob 4:9; cp. 4 Km 4:31) approaches ἀναστῆναι in mng. (cp. mss. and synopt. parallels; s. ἀνίστημι 7) gen. νεκροὶ ἐγείρονται Mk 12:26; Lk 7:22; 20:37; 1 Cor 15:15f, 29, 32, 35, 52. Of Lazarus ἐγερθήσεται J 11:12 v.l. σώματα … ἠγέρθησαν Mt 27:52; ἐγείρεται σῶμα πνευμάτικον 1 Cor 15:44; cp. 15:42f; τὸ σῶμα ἐγείρεται AcPlCor 2:27; cp. 2:26 (in imagery after 1 Cor 15:37). ἐάν τις ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ Lk 16:30 v.l.; ἐάν τις ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγερθῇ 16:31 P75.—Of John the Baptist ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 14:2; cp. ἐκ νεκρῶν Mk 6:14; Lk 9:7.—Of Christ: ἐκ νεκρῶν Mt 17:9; J 2:22; 21:14; Ro 6:4, 9; 7:4; 1 Cor 15:12, 20 (cp. Just., D. 108, 2 ἐγηγέρθαι); 2 Ti 2:8. Also ἀπὸ τῶν νεκρῶν Mt 27:64; 28:7; ἀπὸ νεκρῶν ITr 9:2. Without this qualification τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ ἐγερθῆναι Mt 16:21; 17:23. καθῶς εἶπεν 28:6; ὄντως εἶπεν Mt 26:32; 26:34. διὰ τὴν δικαίωσιν ἡμῶν Ro 4:25; ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν (τῶν ζώντων) 2 Cor 5:15. Abs. Mt 26:32; Mk 14:28; 16:6; Lk 24:6, 14 (v.l. ἐκ νεκρῶν); Ro 8:34 (v.l. ἐκ ν.); 1 Cor 15:13f, 16f; AcPlCor 2:31.—For lit. s. on ἀνάστασις 2 end.
    to raise up from sickness, raise up=restore to health (the sick pers. is ordinarily recumbent) Js 5:15; AcPl BMM verso 11 (Did., Gen. 168, 17).
    to change to a previous good state or condition, restore, erect of buildings (Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 18; Aelian, NA 11, 10; Herodian 3, 15, 3; 8, 2, 5; Lucian, Alex. 19; Anth. Pal. 9, 696; OGI 677, 3; 1 Esdr 5:43; Sir 49:13; ἐ. τρόπαιον Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 6; θυσιαστήριον Did., Gen. 223, 19) temple (ναόν: Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 26 §120; Lucian, Sacr. 11; Jos., Ant. 15, 391; 20, 228) J 2:19f.
    to move someth. from its position by exerting effort in overcoming resistance, lift up ἔγειρον τ. λίθον lift up the stone, push the stone aside (Seleucus of Alex. [I A.D.]: 341 Fgm. 4 Jac. in buffoonery at a symposium, of a stone pushed out from under a participant who has put his head in a noose and has been given a small scimitar to cut the rope before it strangles him) (Ox 1 recto, 6 [=GTh 77]); LWright, JBL 65, ’46, 182; Unknown Sayings 95–98; AWalls, VigChr 16, ’62, 71–76.— Raise κονιορτόν (Polyaenus 4, 19; 7, 44, 1) Hv 4, 1, 5 (Jos. Bell. 5, 471 speaks in the pass. of the dust that ‘is raised’). Cp. Mt 12:11.
    to move against in hostility, rise up, pass. intr., of nations rising in arms (Jer 6:22 v.l.) ἐ. ἐπί τινα against someone one nation against another Mt 24:7; Mk 13:8; Lk 21:10 (for ἐπί τινα cp. Appian, Liby. 68 §307; Jer 27:9; Jos., Ant. 8, 199).
    to make an appearance, appear, pass. intr. of prophets Mt 11:11; Lk 7:16; J 7:52; of false prophets Mt 24:11, 24; Mk 13:22. Of accusers in court (w. ἐν τῇ κρίσει; s. ἀνίστημι 9) Mt 12:42; Lk 11:31 (on omission of ἐν τῇ κρίσει in ms. D, see MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 134).
    in a command to evoke movement from a fixed position ἔγειρε, ἐγείρου get up!, come! impv.
    act. intr. only in impv. (Eur., Iph. A. 624; Aristoph., Ran. 340; Aesop-mss. [Ursing 80]) Mt 9:5f; Mk 2:9 (v.l. ἐγείρου), 11; 3:3; 5:41; 10:49; Lk 5:23f; 6:8; 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); J 5:8; Ac 3:6 ἔγειρε καὶ περιπάτει; Rv 11:1; AcPl Ha 7, 28. Awakening of the ‘dead’ (with καθεύδειν and ἐγείρειν associated in figurative use, as in Plut., Mor. 462) in Mk 5:41; Lk 8:54 (v.l. ἐγείρου); Eph 5:14 (MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc., but without Gnostic motif acc. to KKuhn, NTS 7, ’60/61, 341–46; cp. PsSol 16:1–4) parallels the aspect of motion in passages cited in 1, 3–10, and others here in a above.
    pass. intr. ἐγείρου get up! Mk 2:9 v.l.; Lk 8:54 v.l.; ἐγείρεσθε, ἄγωμεν get up! let us be going Mt 26:46; Mk 14:42; J 14:31.—B. 271; 670. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐγείρω

  • 18 κατώτερος

    κατώτερος, α, ον comp. of κάτω (s. two prec. entries and next entry; Hippocr. et al.; Vett. Val. 34, 21; IG XIV, 2476; Gen 35:8; TestLevi 3:1; ApcEsdr 4:5 p. 28, 4 Tdf. al.; Tat.) lower κατέβη εἰς τὰ κατώτερα μέρη τῆς γῆς he went down into the lower regions of the earth Eph 4:9 (on the expr. cp. Galen VIII 894 K. μέρη τῆς καρδίας κατωτέρω; Ps 138:15 ἐν τοῖς κατωτάτοις τῆς γῆς; Tob 13:2 S). Some think the pass. refers to Jesus’ burial. Many (e.g. Tert., Chrysostom, Bengel; Clemen2 90; JRobinson, Eph.) take τὰ κατ. μέρη τ. γῆς to be Hades (cp. Ael. Aristid. 26, 103 K.=14 p. 367 D. of the Titans: εἰς τ. κατωτάτους μυχοὺς τῆς γῆς ἀπελθεῖν; ApcEsdr 4:5). Others hold that Jesus’ coming on earth, the incarnation, is meant (s. lit. cited by MBarth, Eph [AB] ’74, 434 n. 49).—ALindroth, Descendit ad inferna: SvTK 8, ’32, 121–40. B-D-F §167. S. on πνεῦμα 2 and 4c.—M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κατώτερος

  • 19 κάτω

    + D6-10-6-1-3=26 Ex 20,4; Dt 4,39; 5,8; 28,43(bis)
    downwards, down (with verbs of rest) Ex 20,4; beneath (with verbs of motion) 2 Chr 32,30; under (the age), younger 1 Chr 27,23; below, lower (as adj.) Jos 15,19
    κάτω κάτω very low Dt 28,43; ἕως κάτω downwards, all the way down Ez 1,27

    Lust (λαγνεία) > κάτω

  • 20 καταστέλλω

    καταστέλλω, [tense] fut. -
    A

    στελῶ E.Ba. 933

    (for [dialect] Aeol. forms v. κασπολέω): —put in order, arrange, [ πλόκαμον] E. l. c.; equip, clothe, dress,

    κ. τινὰ τὰ περὶ τὼ σκέλει Ar.Th. 256

    , cf. Plu.2.69c.
    II let down, lower,

    τὰς ῥάβδους D.H.8.44

    ; κ. τὰ βράγχια shut them, Plu.2.979c; press down,

    τὴν γλῶσσαν Gal.15.792

    .
    2 repress, restrain,

    οἶκτον E.IA 934

    ;

    τὸν ὄχλον Act.Ap.19.35

    , cf. Wilcken Chr. 10 (ii B.C., prob.);

    κ. τὰς ἐπιθυμίας Phld.Rh.2.284

    S., cf. Arr.Epict.3.19.5;

    τοὺς νέους Plu.2.207e

    , cf. 547b, etc.:—[voice] Pass.,

    ἅπαντα λήξει καὶ κατασταλήσεται Apollod.Com.18

    ; of persons, to be placed under restraint, reduced to order, PTeb.41.21 (ii B.C.), BGU1192.5 (i B.C.); also κατεσταλμένοι τοῖς ἤθεσι of calm, sedate character, opp. τολμηρός, D.S.1.76, cf. Arr.Epict.4.4.10;

    κατεσταλμένον ἦθος D.S.10.3

    ;

    κατέσταλται πρὸς τὸ κόσμιον Plu.Comp.Lyc.Num.3

    , cf. Ael.NA4.29, Arr. Epict.3.23.16.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταστέλλω

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