in+the+common+good

πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν gen. παντός, πάσης, παντός (dat. pl. πᾶσι and πᾶσιν vary considerably in the mss.; s. W-S. §5, 28; cp. Rob. 219–21; on the use of the art. s. B-D-F §275) (Hom. +).

① pert. to totality with focus on its individual components, each, every, any

ⓐ adj., used w. a noun without the art.

α. in the sing. emphasizing the individual members of the class denoted by the noun every, each, any, scarcely different in mng. fr. the pl. ‘all’: πᾶν δένδρον Mt 3:10; Lk 3:9. πᾶσα φυτεία Mt 15:13. πᾶσα φάραγξ, πᾶν ὄρος Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4). πᾶς τόπος 4:37. πᾶς ἄνθρωπος J 1:9; 2:10; Ro 3:4 (Ps 115:2); Gal 5:3; Col 1:28abd; Js 1:19. πᾶσα γυνή GJs 11:2. πᾶν ἔθνος Ac 17:26a. πᾶσα ψυχή (Pla., Phdr. 249e) 2:43; 3:23 (cp. Lev 23:29); Ro 2:9; Jd 15. πᾶσα ἡμέρα Ac 5:42; 17:17. πᾶν σάββατον 18:4. πᾶσα ἀρχὴ καὶ πᾶσα ἐξουσία 1 Cor 15:24 (cp. Just., D. 111, 2 οὗ τὸ ὄνομα πᾶσα ἀρχὴ δέδιεν). πᾶσα συνείδησις 2 Cor 4:2. πᾶς ἅγιος Phil 4:21. πᾶς οἶκος Hb 3:4 (GJs 7:3). πᾶσα ἀντιλογία 7:7. πᾶσα παιδεία all discipline 12:11. πᾶς ὀφθαλμός Rv 1:7a. πᾶν κτίσμα 5:13a.—Mt 23:35; Lk 2:23 (Ex 13:2); 4:13; 21:36; 2 Th 2:4 (Da 11:36). πᾶσα κτίσις every creature Col 1:15; ἐν πάσῃ κτίσει to every creature vs. 23. πᾶσα γραφή 2 Ti 3:16 (s. γραφή 2a).—πᾶσα σάρξ (כָּל־בָּשָׂר; used in the OT, also En 1:9; TestGad 7:2; GrBar 4:10; but not in EpArist, Philo, nor Joseph.) all flesh Lk 3:6 (Is 40:5); AcPlCor 2:6 and 16 (s. also 3b below). Mostly w. a neg. (so also En 14:21; 17:6) οὐ (or μή) … πᾶσα σάρξ no flesh = no one Mt 24:22; Mk 13:20; Ro 3:20; 1 Cor 1:29; Gal 2:16 (cp. GrBar 8:7 οὐκ ἂν ἐσώθη πᾶσα πνοή). Other sim. neg. expressions are also Hebraistic (s. B-D-F §302, 1; Mlt-H. 433f) οὐ … πᾶν ῥῆμα not a thing, nothing Lk 1:37 (cp. PRyl 113, 12f [133 A.D.] μὴ … πᾶν πρᾶγμα). οὐδέποτε ἔφαγον πᾶν κοινόν I have never eaten anything common Ac 10:14. Cp. Rv 7:1, 16; 9:4; 21:27. Also in reverse order, πᾶς … οὐ or μή (Ex 12:16; Sir 8:19; 10:6, but s. also GLee, ET 63, ’51f, 156) 18:22; Eph 4:29; 5:5; 2 Pt 1:20; 1J 2:21; 3:15b.—Only rarely is a ptc. used w. πᾶς in this way: παντὸς ἀκούοντος when anyone hears Mt 13:19. παντὶ ὀφείλοντι Lk 11:4 (Mlt-Turner 196f).

β. w. a noun in the pl., without the art. πάντες ἄνθρωποι all people/men, everyone (Lysias 12, 60; Andoc. 3, 25; X., Cyr. 7, 5, 52, Mem. 4, 4, 19; Demosth. 8, 5; 18, 72) Ac 22:15; Ro 5:12a, 18ab; 12:17, 18; 1 Cor 7:7; 15:19; 2 Cor 3:2; Phil 4:5; 1 Th 2:15; 1 Ti 2:4; 4:10; Tit 2:11. πάντες ἄγγελοι θεοῦ Hb 1:6 (Dt 32:43; cp. Demosth. 18, 294 πάντες θεοί).

ⓑ adj. used with a noun or ptc. with the art.

α. in the sing. Oft. πᾶς ὁ, πάσα ἡ, πᾶν τό is used w. a ptc. (B-D-F §413, 2 and 3) every one who, whoever πᾶς ὁ (Soph., Aj. 152; Demosth. 23, 97; Sir 22:2, 26; 1 Macc 1:52; 2:27) πᾶς ὁ ὀργιζόμενος Mt 5:22. Cp. vss. 28, 32; 7:8, 26 (=πᾶς ὅστις vs. 24; s. below); Lk 6:47; 11:10; 14:11; 16:18; 18:14; 19:26; J 3:8, 15f, 20; 4:13; 6:40; 8:34; 18:37; Ac 10:43b; 13:39; Ro 2:1, 10; 10:4, 11; 1 Cor 9:25; Gal 3:13; 2 Ti 2:19; Hb 5:13; 1J 2:23, 29 al.; 2J 9; Rv 22:18.—πᾶν τό everything that (1 Macc 10:41): πᾶν τὸ εἰσπορευόμενον Mt 15:17; Mk 7:18. πᾶν τὸ ὀφειλόμενον Mt 18:34. πᾶν τὸ πωλούμενον 1 Cor 10:25; cp. vs. 27. πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον Eph 5:14. πᾶν τὸ γεγεννημένον 1J 5:4.—An equivalent of this expr. is πᾶς ὅς (or ὅστις), πᾶν ὅ every one who, whatever (s. above and s. B-D-F §293, 1; 413, 2; Rob. 727; 957), masc.: Mt 7:24; 10:32; 19:29; Lk 12:8, 10 (RHolst, ZNW 63, ’72, 122–24), 48; 14:33; Ac 2:21 (πᾶς ὸ̔ς ἐάν, s. Jo 2:32); Ro 10:13 (πᾶς ὸ̔ς ἄν, s. Jo 3:5); Gal 3:10. Neut. (Jdth 12:14.—Jos., Ant. 5, 211 πᾶν ὅ = πάντες οἱ): J 6:37, 39; 17:2b; Ro 14:23; Col 3:17 (πᾶν ὅ τι ἐάν).

β. w. a noun in the pl., w. the art. all

א. w. substantives: πᾶσαι αἱ γενεαί Mt 1:17; Lk 1:48; Eph 3:21; GJs 6:2 al. πάντας τοὺς ἀρχιερεῖς Mt 2:4. Cp. vs. 16; 4:8; 11:13; Mk 4:13, 31f; 6:33; Lk 1:6; 2:51; 6:26; J 18:20; Ac 1:18; 3:18; 10:12, 43a; 14:16; Ro 1:5; 15:11 (Ps 116:1); 16:4; 1 Cor 12:26ab; 2 Cor 8:18; 11:28; Eph 4:10; 6:16b; Col 2:13; 1 Ti 6:10; Hb 4:4 (Gen 2:2 and 3); 9:21; Js 1:8; Rv 1:7b; 7:11; 15:4 al.—Used w. a demonstr. pron.: πᾶσαι αἱ παρθένοι ἐκεῖναι Mt 25:7. πάντας τοὺς λόγους τούτους 26:1. πάντα τὰ ῥήματα ταῦτα Lk 1:65; 2:19.—Somet. following the noun: τὰς πόλεις πάσας Mt 9:35; Ac 8:40. οἱ μαθηταὶ πάντες the disciples, one and all Mt 26:56. αἱ θύραι πᾶσαι Ac 16:26a. Cp. Ro 16:16; 1 Cor 7:17; 13:2a; 15:7; 16:20; 1 Th 5:26; 2 Ti 4:21; Rv 8:3. οἱ Ἱεροσολυμῖται πάντες Mk 1:5.—On the position of ἐκεῖνος, ἕνεκα, πᾶς s. NTurner, VetusT 5, ’55, 208–13.

ב. w. participles πάντες οἱ: πάντες οἱ κακῶς ἔχοντες Mt 4:24. πάντες οἱ κοπιῶντες 11:28; cp. 21:12; 26:52; Lk 1:66; 2:47; 13:17; Ac 1:19; 2:44; 4:16; 5:5, 11; 6:15; 9:14; 28:30; Ro 1:7; 4:11; 1 Cor 1:2; Eph 6:24; 1 Th 1:7; 2 Th 1:10; 2 Ti 3:12; 4:8; Hb 5:9; 13:24; 2J 1; Rv 13:8; 18:24. Following the ptc. οἱ κατοικοῦντες πάντες Ac 2:14. ἐν τοῖς ἡγιασμένοις πᾶσιν 20:32.—πάντα τά: πάντα τὰ γενόμενα Mt 18:31. πάντα τὰ ὑπάρχοντα 24:47; Lk 12:44; 1 Cor 13:3. Cp. Lk 17:10; 18:31; 21:36; J 18:4; Ac 10:33b. Used w. a demonstr. pron.: περὶ πάντων τῶν συμβεβηκότων τούτων Lk 24:14. Following: τὰ γινόμενα πάντα 9:7.

ג. w. prepositional expressions, w. which ὄντες (ὄντα) is to be supplied (TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 24 [Stone p. 10] πάντα τὰ ἐπὶ τῆς τραπέζης; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010] πάντες σου οἱ ἐν τοῖς πεδίοις): πάντες οἱ ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ Mt 5:15; Ac 16:32. πάντες οἱ σὺν αὐτῷ Lk 5:9. πάντες οἱ ἐν τοῖς μνημείοις J 5:28. πάντες οἱ εἰς μακράν Ac 2:39. Cp. 5:17. πάντες οἱ ἐξ Ἰσραήλ Ro 9:6. Cp. 2 Ti 1:15; 1 Pt 5:14. πάντα τὰ ἐν αὐτοῖς Ac 4:24; 14:15 (Ex 20:11); cp. 17:24. Following: οἱ μετʼ ἐμοῦ πάντες Tit 3:15a (πάντες οἱ μετʼ αὐτοῦ JosAs 27:7).

ⓒ π. used w. pronouns

α. w. personal pronouns: πάντες ἡμεῖς we all Ac 2:32; 10:33a; 26:14; 28:2; Ro 4:16b. πάντες ὑμεῖς Mt 23:8; 26:31; Lk 9:48; Ac 4:10a; 22:3; Ro 1:8; 15:33; 2 Cor 7:15; Gal 3:28; Phil 1:4, 7ab, 8; 1 Th 1:2; 2 Th 3:16c, 18; Tit 3:15b; Hb 13:25. πάντες αὐτοί Ac 4:33; 19:17b; 20:36. Following the pron.: ἡμεῖς πάντες J 1:16; Ro 8:32a; 2 Cor 3:18; Eph 2:3. ὑμεῖς πάντες Ac 20:25. αὐτοὶ πάντες Mt 12:15; 1 Cor 15:10. W. art. οἱ πάντες ἡμεῖς 2 Cor 5:10.

β. w. a demonstr. pron.: πάντες οὗτοι these all, all these Ac 2:7 v.l. Mostly following the pron.: οὗτοι πάντες 1:14; 17:7; Hb 11:13, 39. πάντα ταῦτα Mt 6:32; 24:8; Lk 7:18; Ac 24:8; 1 Cor 12:11; Col 3:14; 1 Th 4:6; Hm 5, 2, 5 cj. Joly. ταῦτα πάντα Mt 4:9; 6:33; 13:34, 51; Lk 12:30; Ac 7:50; Ro 8:37; 2 Pt 3:11.

γ. πάντες ὅσοι, πάντα ὅσα all who, everything that, masc.: Lk 4:40 v.l. (for ἅπαντες); J 10:8. Neut. (TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 17 [Stone p. 20]; TestJob 4:2; GrBar 7:2; Philo, Aet. M. 15; 28; Jos., Ant. 8, 242; Just., A I, 44, 9) Mt 7:12; 13:46; 18:25; 21:22; Mk 11:24; 12:44b; Lk 18:12, 22; J 10:41. πάντες, ὸ̔ς ἄν Hs 7:7.

ⓓ subst.

α. πάντες, πᾶσαι all, everyone (even when only two are involved = both: Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 27 §105 [Caesar and Pompey]) Mt 10:22; 14:20; 15:37; 21:26; 26:27; Mk 1:37; 5:20; Lk 1:63 and oft. πάντες ἥμαρτον Ro 5:12 (on the sinfulness of πάντες cp. the saying of Bias s.v. πολύς 1aβא; FDanker, Ro 5:12, Sin under Law, NTS 14, ’68, 430, n. 1).—οὐ πάντες not everyone Mt 19:11. Cp. J 13:10; Ro 10:16.—πάντων as partitive and comparative gen. ὕστερον πάντων last of all Mt 22:27; cp. Mk 12:22, 43. Even in ref. to a fem. (Thu. 4, 52, 3; Aristoph., Av. 472) ἐντολὴ πρώτη πάντων Mk 12:28 (but s. B-D-F §164, 1).

β. πάντα all things, everything. Abs. (Chrysippus in Stob., Ecl. 1, 1, 26 p. 31 W.; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6; M. Ant. 4, 23; Ael. Aristid. 43, 9 K.=1 p. 3 D.: ἀρχὴ ἁπάντων Ζεύς τε καὶ ἐκ Διὸς πάντα; Herm. Wr. 5, 10; Hymn to Selene in PGM 4, 2838f ἐκ σέο γὰρ πάντʼ ἐστὶ καὶ εἰς σʼ, αἰώνιε, πάντα τελευτᾷ [s. 4dβ]; PGM 5, 139; PKöln VI, 245, 16 of Athena [s. ed.’s comments]) Mt 11:27 = Lk 10:22 (s. the lit. on this pass. s.v. υἱός 2dβ. The word πάντα here is variously understood of authority and power [so ASchlatter (Mt), FBüchsel (TW II 173) et al.] or of knowledge and teaching: ENorden [Agn. Th. 288], TZahn [Mt], Grundmann [Lk] et al.; also JFitzmyer: “the knowledge of the mutual relation of himself and God” [AB Comm. Luke II 874]. IMarshall [Lk] follows BReicke [TW V 993 n. 289] and opts for both power and knowledge); J 1:3; 3:35; 21:17; 1 Cor 2:10; 15:27a (Ps 8:7), b, 28cd (πάντα ἐν πᾶσιν w. a somewhat different coloring: Dio Chrys. 54 [71], 1); Eph 1:22a (Ps 8:7); Rv 21:5. Here we may class ὁ ὢν ἐπὶ πάντων θεός (cp. Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 10; 13, 12, 4 ἐπὶ πάντων εἶναι τ. θεόν; Porphyr., Vi. Plot. 23 τῷ ἐπὶ πᾶσι θεῷ) God, who rules over all Ro 9:5 (θεός 2). ὁ πάντων δεσπότης GJs 20:3 (codd.); cp. 11:2.—Of a ‘whole’ that is implied fr. the context: πάντα ἀποδώσω σοι Mt 18:26. Cp. 22:4; Mk 4:34; Lk 1:3; Ro 8:28 (s. Black s.v. συνεργέω); 2 Cor 6:10; Gal 4:1; Phil 2:14; 1 Th 5:21; 2 Ti 2:10; Tit 1:15; 1J 2:27; GJs 18:3 codd. πάντα ὑμῶν ἐστιν everything is yours, belongs to you 1 Cor 3:21, cp. 22 (Plut., Cic. 873 [25, 4] πάντα τοῦ σοφοῦ εἶναι; Diog. L. 6, 72). πάντα ὑμῶν everything you do 16:14. πρῶτον πάντων 1 Ti 2:1. πάντα four times as anaphora (rhetorical repetition) 1 Cor 13:7 (cp. Libanius, Or. 3 p. 275, 4 πάντα φθεγγόμενοι, πάντα ἐργαζόμενοι, πάντα χαριζόμενοι).—The acc. of specification stands almost in the sense of an adv. (B-D-F §154; Rob. 487) πάντα in all respects, in every way, altogether (Hom. et al.; Aelian, VH 12, 25; Jos., Ant. 9, 166; SibOr 3, 205; Ath. 35, 2) Ac 20:35 (perh. always, as Ps.-Lucian, Asin. 22 p. 590); 1 Cor 9:25b. πάντα πᾶσιν ἀρέσκω (s. ἀρέσκω 2a) 10:33; 11:2. Cp. KGrobel, JBL 66, ’47, 366 and s. τὰ πάντα in 4dβ below.—W. a prep.: εἰς πάντα in all respects, in every way (Pla., Charm. 6, 158a, Leg. 5, 738a; Appian, Iber. 17 §64, Bell. Civ. 4, 92 §385; BGU 798, 7) 2 Cor 2:9. ἐν πᾶσιν in all respects, in every way (PGiss 69, 8; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 112 §467 [here ἐν ἅπασιν=in all respects]; Just., D. 80, 1 ἀσφαλὴς ἐν πᾶσι); 1 Ti 3:11; 2 Ti 2:7; 4:5; Tit 2:9, 10b; Hb 13:4, 18; 1 Pt 4:11. Perh. also Eph 1:23b. ἐν πᾶσι τούτοις in (or besides) all this (Sir 48:15; Job 2:10; 12:9; cp. Plut., Mor. 98f) Lk 16:26. κατὰ πάντα, s. κατά B 6. περὶ πάντων in every way (Mitt-Wilck I/2, 6, 9; SibOr 1, 198) 3J 2. πρὸ πάντων above all, especially (PRein 18, 27 [II B.C.]; BGU 811, 3; PAmh 135, 2; Just., D. 7, 3) Js 5:12; 1 Pt 4:8.

② any entity out of a totality, any and every, every

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing. without the article every, any and every, just any, any at all μὴ παντὶ πνεύματι πιστεύετε do not believe just any spirit 1J 4:1. περιφερόμενοι παντὶ ἀνέμῳ τῆς διδασκαλίας Eph 4:14. περὶ παντὸς πράγματος about anything Mt 18:19. κατὰ πᾶσαν αἰτίαν for any reason at all 19:3. Cp. 4:4=Lk 4:4 v.l. (Dt 8:3); Mt 12:31; 2 Cor 1:4b (on ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν vs. 4a see 3b below).

ⓑ as subst. without the art.

α. πᾶς everyone without exception Lk 16:16.

β. πᾶν, w. prep.: διὰ παντός s. διά A 2a. ἐν παντί in every respect or way, in everything (Pla., Symp. 194a; X., Hell. 5, 4, 29; SIG 1169, 27; Sir 18:27; 4 Macc 8:3; GrBar 9:8) πλουτίζεσθαι 1 Cor 1:5; 2 Cor 9:11. Cp. 2 Cor 4:8; 7:5, 11, 16; 8:7; 9:8b; 11:6a, 9; Eph 5:24; Phil 4:6; 1 Th 5:18.

③ marker of the highest degree of someth., all

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing. without the art. full, greatest, all (Pla., Rep. 9, 575a; Demosth. 18, 279 al.; ins, freq. in accolades; pap.: New Docs 8 p. 62, 10 μετὰ πάσης πίστεως καὶ ἐπιμελείας ‘with all fidelity and care’; LXX; Tat. 39, 1 μετὰ πάσης ἀκριβείας) μετὰ παρρησίας πάσης Ac 4:29. ἐν πάσῃ ἀσφαλείᾳ 5:23. πάσῃ συνειδήσει ἀγαθῇ in all good conscience 23:1. Cp. 17:11; 24:3; 2 Cor 9:8b; 12:12; Eph 4:2. ἐν πάσῃ προσκαρτερήσει with the greatest perseverance 6:18c. Cp. Phil 1:20; 2:29; Col 1:11ab; 1 Ti 2:2b, 11; 3:4; 4:9; 5:2; Tit 2:15; Js 1:2; 2 Pt 1:5; Jd 3 al. ὑπομένειν πᾶσαν ὑπομονήν practice patient endurance to the limit Pol 9:1.

ⓑ in related vein as adj. with noun in the sing. w. the art. all ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ θλίψει ἡμῶν in all our trouble 2 Cor 1:4a (on ἐν πάσῃ θλίψει vs. 4b s. 2a above); 7:4; 1 Th 3:7. ἐπὶ πάσῃ τῇ μνείᾳ ὑμῶν in all remembrance of you Phil 1:3. πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν ὑμῶν all your care 1 Pt 5:7. τὸν πάντα χρόνον AcPlCor 2:4; τὴν πᾶσαν σάρκα 2:11 (cp. 1aα).

④ pert. to a high degree of completeness or wholeness, whole

ⓐ as adj. w. a noun in the sing., without the art. all, the whole before proper names, mostly geographic (X., Hell. 4, 8, 28 προστάται πάσης Λέσβου ἔσονται al.; LXX) πᾶσα Ἱεροσόλυμα Mt 2:3 (s. Ἱερ.). πᾶς Ἰσραήλ (3 Km 8:65; 11:16; 1 Esdr 1:19; 5:45, 58; Jdth 15:14) Ro 11:26 (s. W-S. §20, 11a and b; Rob. 772). The OT is also the source of πᾶς οἶκος Ἰσραήλ (1 Km 7:2, 3) Ac 2:36 and, in subject matter, ἐπὶ παντὸς προσώπου τῆς γῆς 17:26b (but Gen 2:6 has πᾶν τὸ πρόσωπον τῆς γῆς, and 7:23; 11:4, 8, 9 ἐπὶ προσώπου [or πρόσωπον] πάσης τῆς γῆς).—Perh. πᾶσα οἰκοδομή Eph 2:21 (s. W-S. §20:11 b; Rob. 772; Mlt-Turner 199f; MDibelius, Hdb. ad loc.; M. Ant. 6, 36, 1; OGI 383, 86ff).

ⓑ w. a noun in the sing., w. the art. the whole, all (the). Preceding the noun that has the art.: πᾶσα ἡ Ἰουδαία καὶ πᾶσα ἡ περίχωρος Mt 3:5. πᾶσα ἡ ἀγέλη the whole herd 8:32. Cp. vs. 34; 13:2; 21:10; 27:25, 45; Mk 2:13; 4:1. πᾶσα ἡ ἀλήθεια 5:33. πᾶσα ἡ κτίσις the whole creation (TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 7 [Stone p. 32]) Mk 16:15; Ro 8:22. Cp. Lk 1:10; 2:1, 10; Ac 3:9, 11; 5:21; 15:12. πᾶς ὁ κόσμος Ro 3:19b; Col 1:6. πᾶν τὸ σπέρμα Ro 4:16. πᾶσα ἡ γῆ 9:17 (Ex 9:16); Lk 4:25. πᾶσα ἡ γνῶσις, πᾶσα ἡ πίστις 1 Cor 13:2bc. πᾶν τὸ πλήρωμα Eph 3:19; Col 1:19; 2:9. πᾶν τὸ σῶμα Eph 4:16; Col 2:19. Cp. Hb 9:19bc. W. a demonstrative pron. πᾶς ὁ λαὸς οὗτος all these people Lk 9:13. πᾶσα ἡ ὀφειλὴ ἐκείνη Mt 18:32.—Following the noun that has the article: τὴν κρίσιν πᾶσαν the whole matter of judgment J 5:22. εἰς τὴν ἀλήθειαν πᾶσαν into truth in all its outreach 16:13. τὴν ἐξουσίαν … πᾶσαν Rv 13:12.

ⓒ πᾶς and πάντες stand attributively betw. art. and noun, when the noun is regarded as a whole, in contrast to its individual parts (cp. Kühner-G. I 632f).

α. sing. (Thu. 2, 7, 2 ὁ πᾶς ἀριθμόσ=‘the whole number’; 8, 93, 2 τὸ πᾶν πλῆθος; X., Mem. 1, 2, 8 εἰς τὸν πάντα βίον; Pla., Gorg. 470e ἡ πᾶσα εὐδαιμονία; 2 Macc 2:17; 3 Macc 1:29; 6:14; 4 Macc 3:8) ὁ πᾶς νόμος the whole law Gal 5:14. τὸν πάντα χρόνον Ac 20:18.

β. pl. (X., An. 5, 6, 7 οἱ πάντες ἄνθρωποι; Pla., Theaet. 204a τὰ πάντα μέρη) αἱ πᾶσαι ψυχαί all the souls Ac 27:37. οἱ κατὰ τὰ ἔθνη πάντες Ἰουδαῖοι 21:21. οἱ σὺν αὐτοῖς πάντες ἅγιοι Ro 16:15. οἱ σὺν ἐμοὶ πάντες ἀδελφοί Gal 1:2.—W. numerals (Hdt. 7, 4; Thu. 1, 60, l) οἱ πάντες ἄνδρες ὡσεὶ δώδεκα the whole number of the men was about twelve Ac 19:7.—JBover, Uso del adjetivo singular πᾶς en San Pablo: Biblica 19, ’38, 411–34.

ⓓ as subst.

α. οἱ πάντες all (of them) (in contrast to a part) Ro 11:32ab; 1 Cor 9:22 (s. HChadwick, NTS 1, ’55, 261–75); Phil 2:21. (We, they) all Mk 14:64; 1 Cor 10:17; 2 Cor 5:14b. μέχρι καταντήσωμεν οἱ πάντες until we all attain Eph 4:13.

β. τὰ πάντα. In the abs. sense of the whole of creation all things, the universe (Pla., Ep. 6, 323d τῶν πάντων θεός; hymn to Selene in EAbel, Orphica [1885] 294, 36 εἰς σὲ τὰ πάντα τελευτᾶ [s. 1dβ beg.]; Herm. Wr. 13, 17 τ. κτίσαντα τὰ πάντα; JosAs 8:2 ζωοποιήσας τὰ πάντα; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 208, Rer. Div. Her. 36, Somn. 1, 241; Just., A I, 67, 2 τὸν ποιητὴν τῶν πάντων; PGM 1, 212 κύριε τῶν πάντων; 4, 3077) Ro 11:36 (Musaeus: Vorsokr. 2 A 4 [in Diog. L. 1, 3] ἐξ ἑνὸς τὰ πάντα γίνεσθαι καὶ εἰς ταὐτὸν ἀναλύεσθαι. Cp. Norden, Agn. Th. 240–50); 1 Cor 8:6ab; 15:28ab; Eph 3:9; 4:10b; Phil 3:21; Col 1:16ab, 17b (HHegermann, D. Vorstellung vom Schöpfungsmittler etc., TU 82, ’61, 88ff); Hb 1:3; 2:10ab; Rv 4:11; 1 Cl 34:2; PtK 2 (four times).—In the relative sense, indicated by the context, everything (Κυπρ. I p. 42 no. 29 τὰς στοὰς καὶ τὰ ἐν αὐταῖς πάντα; PGiss 2, 14 [II B.C.] in a bill: τὰ π.=everything taken together) ἐν παραβολαῖς τὰ πάντα γίνεται everything (=all the instruction) is in parables Mk 4:11. Cp. Ac 17:25b; Ro 8:32b. Of everything in heaven and earth that is in need of uniting and redeeming Eph 1:10 (EWalter, Christus u. d. Kosmos [Eph 1:10] ’48); Col 1:20. τὰ πάντα they all (of the members of the body) 1 Cor 12:19. The neut. is also used of persons: Gal 3:22; cp. 1 Ti 6:13 (here including humankind and everything else that possesses life).—As acc. of specification, almost like an adv.: τὰ πάντα in all respects (Appian, Prooem. 6 §23) Eph 4:15 (s. 1dβ).—As a summation of what precedes all this (PCairZen 741, 16; 742, 22; BGU 1509 [all III B.C.]) 2 Cor 4:15; Phil 3:8b; Col 3:8.—Furthermore, πάντες can also have the limited sense nearly all (Xenophon Eph. 2, 13, 4 πάντας ἀπέκτεινεν, ὀλίγους δὲ καὶ ζῶντας ἔλαβε. μόνος δὲ ὁ Ἱππόθοος ἠδυνήθη διαφυγεῖν).—Mlt-Turner 199–201.

⑤ everything belonging, in kind, to the class designated by the noun, every kind of, all sorts of, adj. for the words παντοδαπός and παντοῖος, which are lacking in our lit.: πᾶσα νόσος καὶ πᾶσα μαλακία Mt 4:23. γέμουσιν πάσης ἀκαθαρσίας they are full of all kinds of uncleanness 23:27 (Ar. 15, 6). πᾶσα ἐξουσία 28:18. ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔθνους from every kind of nation Ac 2:5. Cp. 7:22; 13:10ab; Ro 1:18, 29. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία (evil) desire of every kind 7:8. ἐν παντὶ λόγῳ καὶ πάσῃ γνώσει 1 Cor 1:5b. πᾶν ἁμάρτημα every kind of sin 6:18. Cp. 2 Cor 7:1; 9:8bc; 10:5ab; Eph 1:3, 8, 21a; 4:19; 5:3; Phil 1:9; 2 Th 2:17. πᾶν ἔργον ἀγαθόν Tit 1:16; 3:1. Cp. 2:14; Hb 13:21. πᾶσα δόσις, πᾶν δώρημα Js 1:17 (W-S. §20, 11b). Cp. vs. 21; 1 Pt 2:1ab; Rv 8:7 al.—B. 919. Schmidt, Syn. IV, 540–54, s. ἕκαστος and ὅλος. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὀμνύω (a by-form of ὄμνυμι which is predominant in H. Gk. and therefore in the NT as well; in the form ὄμνυμι Hom. et al.; ins, pap; Just.; the by-form in Hdt., X. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, En, Philo; Jos., Ant. 3, 271, C. Ap. 2, 121. In the NT the older form occurs only in the inf. ὀμνύναι Mk 14:71 [v.l. ὀμνύειν]; B-D-F §92; W-S. §14, 8; Mlt-H. 251) 1 aor. ὤμοσα; pf. ὀμώμοκα LXX to affirm the veracity of one’s statement by invoking a transcendent entity, freq. w. implied invitation of punishment if one is untruthful, swear, take an oath w. acc. of pers. or thing by which one swears (Hom. et al.; X., An. 7, 6, 18; Diod S 1, 29, 4 τὴν ῏Ισιν; Appian, Syr. 60 §317 πάντας τ. θεούς, Bell. Civ. 4, 68, §289; UPZ 70, 2 [152/151 B.C.] τὸν Σάραπιν; POxy 239, 5 [66 A.D.] Νέρωνα; B-D-F §149; Rob. 484. On the LXX s. Johannessohn, Kasus 77; Jos., Ant. 5, 14; 13, 76; Orig., Hippol.) τὸν οὐρανόν, τὴν γῆν swear by heaven, by the earth (Apollon. Rhod. 3, 699 and schol. on Apollon. Rhod. 3, 714 ὄμοσον Γαῖάν τε καὶ Οὐρανόν; cp. διομνύω Aesop, Fab. 140 H.=89 P./91 [I, III] H-H.) Js 5:12. τὴν Καίσαρος τύχην MPol 9:2; 10:1. Abs., in the same sense (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 310) 9:3; (w. ἐπιθῦσαι) MPol 4.—Instead of the acc., ἐν w. dat. of pers. or thing is used (as נִשְׁבַּע בְּ in the OT; ἐν ὑμῖν En 5:6; s. Johannessohn, loc. cit.) ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ἐν τῇ γῇ Mt 5:34–35 (cp. the contrary advice 1QS 5, 8; MDelcor, VetusT 16, ’66, 8–25 [heaven and earth]); cp. 23:22 (GHeinrici, Beiträge III 1905, 42–5; ERietschel, Das Verbot des Eides in d. Bergpredigt: StKr 79, 1906, 373–418; ibid. 80, 1907, 609–18; OProksch, Das Eidesverbot Jesu Christi: Thüringer kirchl. Jahrbuch 1907; HMüller, Zum Eidesverbot d. Bergpred. 1913; OOlivieri, Biblica 4, 1923, 385–90; GStählin, Zum Gebrauch von Beteuerungsformeln im NT, NovT 5, ’62, 115–43; Billerb. I 321–36; ULuz, Mt, transl. WLinss ’89 [’85], 311–22.—Warning against any and all oaths as early as Choerilus Epicus [V B.C.] Fgm. 7 K.=10 B.: Stob., Flor. 3, 27, 1 vol. III p. 611, 3 H. ὅρκον δʼ οὔτʼ ἄδικον χρεὼν ὀμνύναι οὔτε δίκαιον; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 103i Jac.: the Phrygians do not swear at all; Pythagoreans acc. to Diog. L. 8, 22; Essenes in Jos., Bell. 2, 135; cp. Soph., Oed. Col. 650f: a good man’s word is sufficient; sim. Aeschyl., Fgm. 394 TGF p. 114; s. also Plut., Mor. 275c). ἐν τῇ κεφαλῇ σου by your head 5:36. ἐν τῷ ναῷ, ἐν τῷ χρυσῷ τοῦ ναοῦ 23:16; 21. ἐν τῷ θυσιαστηρίῳ, ἐν τῷ δώρῳ τῷ ἐπάνω vss. 18, 20. ἐν τῷ ζῶντι εἰς τ. αἰῶνας τ. αἰώνων Rv 10:6. ἐν is replaced by εἰς Mt 5:35 (B-D-F §206, 2). Also κατά τινος by someone or someth. (Aristoph.; Demosth. [exx. in FBleek, Hb II/2, 1840, 245a]; Longus, Past. 4, 20, 2; Porphyr., Abst. 3, 16; Ps.-Lucian, Calumn. 18; SIG 526, 8; 685, 27; BGU 248, 12 [I A.D.]; Gen 22:16; 31:53; Ex 32:13; 1 Km 30:15; Am 6:8; Zeph 1:5) ἐπεὶ κατʼ οὐδενὸς εἶχεν μείζονος ὀμόσαι, ὤμοσεν καθʼ ἑαυτοῦ since (God) could swear by no one greater, he swore by himself Hb 6:13; cp. vs. 16 (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 203 οὐ καθʼ ἑτέρου ὀμνύει θεός, οὐδὲν γὰρ αὐτοῦ κρεῖττον, ἀλλὰ καθʼ ἑαυτοῦ, ὅς ἐστι πάντων ἄριστος, De Abr. 273; on the topic cp. Hom., Il. 1, 524–27). ὤμοσεν ὁ δεσπότης κατὰ τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ the Master took an oath by his glory Hv 2, 2, 5. It is even said that God ὤμ. κατὰ τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ v 2, 2, 8. Foll. by direct discourse Hb 7:21 (Ps 109:4). Dir. disc. is preceded by ὅτι Mt 26:74 (w. καταθεματίζειν); Mk 14:71 (w. ἀναθεματίζειν); Rv 10:6f. As a quot. fr. Ps 94:11 w. εἰ preceding dir. disc. Hb 3:11; 4:3 (s. εἰ 4).—W. dat. of pers. confirm someth. (τὶ) for someone with an oath 6:8 (Ex 33:1); Ac 7:17 v.l. (ἧς by attraction, for ἥν). W. inf. foll. (Just., A I, 21, 3 ὀμνύντα … ἑωρακέναι) τίσιν ὤμοσεν μὴ εἰσελεύσεσθαι εἰς τὴν κατάπαυσιν αὐτοῦ; whom did he assure by an oath that they should not enter his rest? Hb 3:18 (dat. w. fut. inf. as Plut., Galba 1063 [22, 12]). διαθήκη ἣν ὤμοσεν τοῖς πατράσι δοῦναι τ. λαῷ the covenant which he swore to the fathers to give to the people 14:1. Foll. by dir. disc. introduced by ὅτι recitative Mk 6:23 (JDerrett, Law in the NT, ’70, 339–58). ὅρκῳ ὀμ. τινί w. inf. foll. Ac 2:30. Though the dat. ὅρκῳ is rare in this combination (cp. En 6:4; TestJud 22:3), the acc. (Hom. et al.; Gen 26:3; Num 30:3) is quite common: ὅρκον ὀμ. πρός τινα (ὀμ. πρός τινα Od. 14, 331; 19, 288) swear an oath to someone foll. by gen of the aor. inf. Lk 1:73.—RHirzel, D. Eid 1902; LWenger, D. Eid in d. griech. pap: ZSavRG, Rom. Abt. 23, 1902, 158ff; JPedersen, Der Eid bei den Semiten 1914; ESeidl, Der Eid in röm.-ägypt. Provinzialrecht, ’33.—B. 1437. DELG s.v. ὄμνυμι. M-M. TRE IX, 379–82. EDNT. TW. Sv.

ὑπέρ (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. and acc. (lit. s.v. ἀνά, beg. In addition to this, for ὑπέρ: LWenger, Die Stellvertretung im Rechte der Papyri 1896; ARobertson, The Use of ὑπέρ in Business Documents in the Papyri: Exp. 8th ser., 28, 1919, 321–27). The loc. sense ‘over, above’ is not found in our lit. (not in the LXX either, but in JosAs 14:4; ApcEsdr 1:9; Just., Tat., Ath.) but does appear in nonliteral senses. The mss. oft. fluctuate between ὑπέρ and περί; see A3 below.

A. w. gen.

① a marker indicating that an activity or event is in some entity’s interest, for, in behalf of, for the sake of someone/someth.

ⓐ w. gen. of pers. or human collective

α. after words that express a request, prayer, etc. After the verbs δέομαι (q.v. b), εὔχομαι (q.v. 1), προσεύχομαι (q.v.), ἐντυγχάνω (q.v. 1a; cp. b), ὑπερεντυγχάνω (q.v.), λιτανεύω (q.v.) etc. After the nouns δέησις (q.v., end) and προσευχή (q.v. 1). S. also 1 Ti 2:1f.

β. after words and expressions that denote working, caring, concerning oneself about. After the verbs ἀγρυπνέω (q.v. 2), ἀγωνίζομαι (q.v. 2b), μεριμνάω (q.v. 2), πρεσβεύω (q.v.) etc. After the nouns ζῆλος (q.v. 1), σπουδή (q.v. 2), ἔχειν πόνον (πόνος 1). ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν διάκονος Col 1:7.

γ. after expressions having to do w. sacrifice: ἁγιάζω (q.v. 2), ἁγνίζομαι (s. ἁγνίζω 3). τὸ πάσχα ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἑτύθη Χριστός 1 Cor 5:7 v.l. ἕως οὗ προσηνέχθη ὑπὲρ ἑνὸς ἑκάστου αὐτῶν ἡ προσφορά Ac 21:26 (προσφέρω 2a).—Eph 5:2; Hb 9:7.

δ. gener. εἶναι ὑπέρ τινος be for someone, be on someone’s side (PIand 16, 8 τὸ νόμιμον ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν ἐστιν.—Opp. εἶναι κατά τινος) Mk 9:40; Lk 9:50; Ro 8:31.—ἐπιτρέπεταί σοι ὑπὲρ σεαυτοῦ λέγειν Ac 26:1 v.l. (for περί). ἵνα μὴ εἷς ὑπὲρ τοῦ ἑνὸς φυσιοῦσθε κατὰ τοῦ ἑτέρου 1 Cor 4:6b. Cp. 2 Cor 1:11ab; 5:20b (δεόμεθα ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ=as helpers of Christ we beg you. Also prob. is we beg you by or in the name of Christ [Apollon. Rhod. 3, 701 λίσσομʼ ὑπὲρ μακάρων=by the gods, in imitation of Il. 22, 338.—Theaetetus, III B.C.: Anth. Pal. 7, 499, 2]). τοῦτο φρονεῖν ὑπὲρ πάντων ὑμῶν to be thus minded in behalf of you all Phil 1:7 (perh. simply=about; s. 3 below); cp. 4:10 (think of me = care for, be interested in me).

ε. after expressions of suffering, dying, devoting oneself, etc. (JosAs 28:1 κύριος πολεμεῖ καθʼ ἡμῶν ὑπὲρ Ἀσενεθ ‘against us in behalf of Aseneth’; ApcEsdr 6:18 p. 31, 28 Tdf. δικάζεσθαι ὑπὲρ τοῦ γένους τῶν ἀνθρώπων) ἀποθνῄσκειν ὑπέρ τινος die for someone or someth. (ἀποθνῄσκω 1aα; also Jos., Ant. 13, 6) J 11:50–52; 18:14; Ro 5:7ab. τὴν ψυχὴν αὐτοῦ τίθησιν ὑπὲρ τινος (cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 201; Sir 29:15; ApcSed 1:5; Ar. 15, 10; Mel., P. 103, 791) J 10:11, 15; 13:37f; 15:13; 1J 3:16b.—Ro 16:4; 2 Cor 12:15; Eph 3:1, 13; Col 1:24a.—So esp. of the death of Christ (already referred to at least in part in some of the passages already mentioned. S. also above 1aγ and below 1c) for, in behalf of humanity, the world, etc.: Mk 14:24; Lk 22:19f; Ro 5:6, 8; 8:32; 14:15; 1 Cor 1:13 (where the hypothetical question μὴ Παῦλος ἐσταυρώθη ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν; was chosen for no other reason than its ref. to the redeeming death of Christ); 11:24; 15:3; Gal 2:20; 3:13; Eph 5:25; 1 Th 5:10 (v.l. περί); 1 Ti 2:6; Tit 2:14; Hb 2:9; 6:20; 1 Pt 2:21 (v.l. περί); 3:18a v.l.; 18b; 1J 3:16a; MPol 17:2ab (Just., A I, 50, 1 ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν γενόμενος ἄνθρωπος).—AMetzinger, Die Substitutionstheorie u. das atl. Opfer, Biblica 21, ’40, 159–87, 247–72, 353–77; EBlakeney, ET 55, ’43/44, 306.

ⓑ w. gen. of thing, in which case it must be variously translated ὑπὲρ (τῶν) ἁμαρτιῶν in order to atone for (the) sins or to remove them 1 Cor 15:3; Gal 1:4; Hb 5:1b; 7:27; 9:7 (here ὑπὲρ … τῶν ἀγνοημάτων); 10:12; B 7:3, 4 (prophetic saying of unknown origin), 5f.—ὑπὲρ τῆς τοῦ κόσμου ζωῆς to bring life to the world J 6:51. ὑπὲρ τῆς δόξης τοῦ θεοῦ to reveal the glory of God 11:4. ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος αὐτοῦ (cp. Sb 7681, 7 [312 A.D.] ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματός μου=in behalf of) to spread his name Ro 1:5; cp. 3J 7. ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας θεοῦ=in order to show that God’s promises are true Ro 15:8. ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν παρακλήσεως in order to comfort you 2 Cor 1:6ab. Cp. 12:19. ὑπὲρ τῆς πίστεως ὑμῶν for the strengthening of your faith 1 Th 3:2.

ⓒ in place of, instead of, in the name of (Eur.; Polyb. 3, 67, 7; ApcEsdr 1:11 p. 25, 3 Tdf.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 142; Just., D. 95, 2.—In pap very oft. ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ to explain that the writer is writing ‘as the representative of’ an illiterate pers.; Dssm. LO 285, 2 [LAE 335, 4]; other exx. of pap in DWallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics ’96, 384–86) ἵνα ὑπὲρ σοῦ μοι διακονῇ Phlm 13. Somet. the mng. in place of merges w. on behalf of, for the sake of Ro 9:3. οἱ βαπτιζόμενοι ὑπὲρ τῶν νεκρῶν 1 Cor 15:29a is debated; cp. 29b (s. the lit. s.v. βαπτίζω 2c; also KBornhäuser, Die Furche 21, ’34, 184–87; JWhite, JBL 116, ’97, 487–99 [esp. 497f] favors a causal sense). εἷς ὑπὲρ πάντων ἀπέθανεν 2 Cor 5:14; cp. 15ab, 21 (Eur., Alc. 701 κατθανεῖν ὑπέρ σου).

② marker of the moving cause or reason, because of, for the sake of, for (Diod S 10, 21, 2 τὴν ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτημάτων τιμωρίαν; schol. on Pind., O. 6, 154b [=OxfT 91]), w. verbs of suffering, giving the reason for it ὑπὲρ τοῦ ὀνόματος Ac 5:41; 9:16; 21:13; ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ Phil 1:29ab; cp. 2 Th 1:5; ὑπὲρ θεοῦ ἀποθνῄσκω IRo 4:1. Likew. used w. nouns that denote suffering ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ for Christ’s sake 2 Cor 12:10.—εὐχαριστεῖν ὑπέρ τινος give thanks for someth. 1 Cor 10:30; Eph 5:20; D 9:2; 10:2 (cp. Sb 3926, 12 [I B.C.] τὸ κατεσκευασμένον ὑπὲρ [=in gratefulness for] τῆς ἡμετέρας σωτηρίας Ἰσιδεῖον; Just., A I, 65, 3). δοξάζειν τὸν θεὸν ὑπέρ τινος praise God for someth. Ro 15:9.—ὑπὲρ τούτου with reference to someth. (Synes., Ep. 67 p. 209c) 2 Cor 12:8.—This is prob. the place for ὑπὲρ τῆς εὐδοκίας with (God’s) good pleasure in view Phil 2:13 (εὐδοκία 1).

③ marker of general content, whether of a discourse or mental activity, about, concerning (about equivalent to περί [τινος], w. which it is freq. interchanged in the mss.; s. Kühner-G. I p. 487 [w. exx. fr. Hom., Pla. et al.]. Also quite common in Polyb., Diod S, Dionys. Hal., Joseph., ins [e.g. ISardGauthier 2, 3 ‘write about’] and pap [Schmidt 396]; but Ath. differentiates between λόγος ὑπὲρ [in defense of] τῆς ἀληθείας and λόγος περὶ [about] τῆς ἀληθείας R 1 p. 48, 19; Mlt. 105; Rdm.² p. 140; Johannessohn, Präp 216–21; LDeubner, Bemerkungen z. Text der Vita Pyth. des Iamblichos: SBBerlAk ’35, XIX 27; 71), oft. at the same time in the sense ‘in the interest of’ or ‘in behalf of’ οὗτός ἐστιν ὑπὲρ οὗ ἐγὼ εἶπον J 1:30 (v.l. περί). Ἠσαί̈ας κράζει ὑπὲρ τοῦ Ἰσραήλ Ro 9:27 (v.l. περί). Cp. 2 Cor 1:8 (v.l. περί); 5:12; 7:4, 14; 8:24; 9:2f; 12:5ab (in all the passages in 2 Cor except the first dependent on καυχάομαι, καύχημα, καύχησις); 2 Th 1:4 (ἐγκαυχᾶσθαι). With reference to (Demosth. 21, 121) 2 Cor 8:23; 2 Th 2:1. ἡ ἐλπὶς ἡμῶν βεβαία ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν our hope with reference to you is unshaken 2 Cor 1:7 (ἐλπὶς ὑ. τινος ‘for someth.’ Socrat., Ep. 6, 5 [p. 234, 28 Malherbe]).

B. w. acc. marker of a degree beyond that of a compared scale of extent, in the sense of excelling, surpassing, over and above, beyond, more than (so always PsSol; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 29 [Stone p. 10] al.; TestJob 38:6 τὰ ὑπὲρ ἡμᾶς; JosAs 1:6 al.; Ath. 17, 1; 32, 1) κεφαλὴ ὑπὲρ πάντα the supreme Head Eph 1:22 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 74 §314 ὑπὲρ ἅπαντα). ὑπὲρ δύναμιν beyond one’s strength 2 Cor 1:8; cp. 8:3 v.l. (OGI 767, 19f ὑπὲρ δύναμιν; Cyranides p. 63, 22 ὑπὲρ λόγον). Also ὑπὲρ ὸ̔ δύνασθε 1 Cor 10:13. μὴ ὑπὲρ ἃ γέγραπται not (to go) beyond what is written 1 Cor 4:6a (s. WLütgert, Freiheitspredigt u. Schwarmgeister in Korinth 1908, 97ff; ASchlatter, Die korinth. Theologie 1914, 7ff; OLinton, StKr 102, 1930, 425–37; LBrun, ibid. 103, ’31, 453–56; PWallis, TLZ 75, ’50, 506–8; ALegault, NTS 18, ’71/72, 227–31; PMarshall, Hybrists Not Gnostics in Corinth: SBLSP 23, 84, 275–87; on the prob. imagery of a school exercise in which children learn to stay between the lines, s. RTyler, CBQ 60, ’98, 97–103; a public foundational document containing bylaws, JHanges, JBL 117, ’98, 275–98 [pap and ins]). ὑπὲρ ἃ λέγω ποιήσεις you will do even more than I ask Phlm 21. ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθʼ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι I feel an exceeding and overwhelming joy B 1:2.—After an adj. in comp. or superl. for ἤ than: mostly so after the comp. (Judg 11:25 B; 15:2 B; 18:26 B; 3 Km 19:4; Ps 18:11; Hab 1:8) τομώτερος ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν μάχαιραν Hb 4:12. Cp. Lk 16:8; J 12:43 v.l.; MPol 18:2. In an unusually compressed statement: τοὺς ἀποστόλους ὄντας ὑπὲρ πᾶσαν ἁμαρτίαν ἀνομωτέρους the apostles, who were more lawless than (people who commit) any and every sin B 5:9; rarely after the superl. (TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 25 [Stone p. 4]) γλυκυτάτη ὑπὲρ τὸ μέλι Hm 5, 1, 6. Likew. after verbs that express the idea of comparison ἡσσώθητε (=ἐγένεσθε ἥσσονες) ὑπὲρ τὰς λοιπὰς ἐκκλησίας, were you treated worse than the other churches? 2 Cor 12:13.—‘More than’ also takes on the sense more exalted or excellent or glorious than; as the timeless one (ἄχρονος), Christ is called ὁ ὑπὲρ καιρόν the one who is exalted beyond time IPol 3:2. ὑπὲρ θάνατον exalted above death ISm 3:2. οὐκ ἔστιν μαθητὴς ὑπὲρ τὸν διδάσκαλον a disciple is not superior to his teacher Mt 10:24a; Lk 6:40.—Mt 10:24b; Ac 26:13; Phil 2:9. οὐκέτι ὡς δοῦλον ἀλλὰ ὑπὲρ δοῦλον no longer as a slave, but as someth. better than a slave Phlm 16. τῷ δυναμένῳ ὑπὲρ πάντα ποιῆσαι to (God) who is able to do greater things than all (we can ask or imagine) Eph 3:20.— More than (PsSol 17:43; TestGad 7:1) ἀγαπᾶν ὑμᾶς ὑπὲρ τὴν ψυχήν μου (JosAs 13:11) B 1:4; cp. 4:6; 19:5; D 2:7. φιλεῖν Mt 10:37ab. ἀρέσει αὐτῷ ὑπὲρ μόσχον 1 Cl 52:2 (Ps 68:32). λάμπειν IEph 19:2. προκόπτειν Gal 1:14. στίλβειν Hs 9, 2, 2.

C. adv. use even more. The adv. use of ὑπέρ is, so far, almost unknown outside the NT (but s. L-S-J-M s.v. ὑπέρ E; Schwyzer II 518; Ursing 49 cites fr. an Aesop-ms. ὅπερ ἔτι ὑπὲρ ἀπεδέξατο, where all the other mss. have μᾶλλον [Phil 3:4 ἐγὼ μᾶλλον]. On the adv. use of other prepositions s. Kühner-G. I p. 526f). διάκονοι Χριστοῦ εἰσιν; ὑπὲρ ἐγώ are they assistants of of Christ? I am so even more (than they) 2 Cor 11:23 (W-H. accent ὕπερ; s. Mlt-Turner 250). Wallis (s. B above) classes 1 Cor 4:6 here.—RBieringer: The Four Gospels, Festschr. FNeirynck, ed. FvanSegbroeck et al. ’92, I 219–48. On ὑπὲρ ἄγαν, ὑπὲρ ἐκεῖνα, ὑπὲρ ἐκπερισσοῦ, ὑπὲρ λίαν s. ὑπεράγαν, ὑπερέκεινα, ὑπερεκπερισσοῦ (-ῶς), ὑπερλίαν.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

χώρα, [dialect] Ion. [full] χώρη, ἡ,

A = χῶρος, space or room in which a thing is, defined as partly occupied space, distd. fr. κενόν and τόπος, Zeno Stoic. 1.26 (cf.2.163), S.E.P.3.124;

ποταγορεύοντι τὰν ὕλαν τόπον καὶ χώραν Ti.Locr.94b

(in

ὁ τόπος τῆς χ. Pl.Lg. 705c

χώρα = country (cf. 11.1); so

χώρας ἐν τόποις Λιβυστικοῖς A.Eu. 292

);

οὐδέ τι πολλὴ χώρη μεσσηγύς Il.23.521

;

νόμισμα.. χώρας μεγάλης δέοιτ' ἄν X.Lac.7.5

; χώραν τινὶ καταλιπεῖν leave room for it, Plu.2.123f, etc.

2 generally, place, spot, στρέψεσθ' ἐκ χώρης ὅθι .. Il.6.516, cf. Od.16.352;

ὀλίγῃ ἐνὶ χ. Il. 17.394

; χώραν ἐκ χώρας μεταβάλλειν move from place to place, Pl.Tht. 181c; field in a ceiling, IG42(1).103.193, 106ii139 (Epid., iv B. C.); ἡ πρώτη χ. the first field (on the chest of Cypselus), Paus.5.17.6; socket or cavity of a joint, Hp.Art.79, 80; of the eye, IG42(1).121.76 (Epid., iv B. C.); as euphemism for the genital organs, Hippiatr. 33,71.

3 the position, proper place of a person or thing,

ἐνὶ χώρῃ ἕζεται Il.23.349

: esp. a soldier's post, Ἄρης οὐκ ἔνι χώρα is not at his post (or perh. in the land, cf. Ar.Lys. 524) A.Ag.78 (anap.); χώραν λιπεῖν, προλείπειν, Th.4.126, 2.87; μισθοφορεῖν κεναῖς χ. draw pay for unfilled vacancies, Aeschin.3.146;

ἐπιγράψαι αὐτῷ τὴν χ. UPZ14.88

(ii B. C.): later τὴν χ. τινὸς ἀποπληρῶσαι, ποιῆσαι, fill a person's place, POxy.136.15(vi A. D.), PMasp.32.11 (vi A. D.): χώραν λαβεῖν take a position, find one's place, ἕως ἂν χώραν λάβῃ [τὰ πράγματα] till they are brought into position, into order, X.Cyr.4.5.37;

οὐ διδοὺς ἑτέρῳ τόπον οὐδὲ χώραν διακονίας Plu.2.62d

; οὐκ ἂν ἔχοι χώραν νοήσεως ἡντινοῦν τὸ ἀγαθόν the Good cannot have any possibility of thinking, Plot.5.6.6; σοὶ ἀστρονομεῖν χ. your province is astronomy, Philostr. VA5.15;

ἐν τοῖς ἀτέχνοις χώραν ἔχει τὸ αὐτόματον Eun.Hist.p.225D.

: freq. in the phrase ὥρα καὶ χ., time and place,

ἐν ὁποία ἀξία φυτευθῆναι καὶ ὥρὰ καὶ χώρᾳ Pl.Hipparch. 225c

;

ἐν ἄλλῃ καὶ χώρῃ Hp.Hum. 14

; πρὸς ὥρας καὶ χώρας καὶ διαίτας ib.16, Aph.3.3;

ἥ τε τοῦ ἔτους ὥρα καὶ χ. καὶ φύσις τοῦ θεραπευομένου σώματος Gal.18(2).399

, cf. Alex. Trall.1.10, Steph.in Hp.1.161, 180 D. b. in metric, position of a foot in a verse,

τὸ δακτυλικὸν δέχεται δακτύλους καὶ σπονδείους κατὰ πᾶσαν χ. Heph.7.1

, cf. 8.1;

αἱ περιτταὶ χ. Id.5.1

,6.1.

4 metaph., station, place, position, ἐν χώρᾳ τινὸς εἶναι to be in his position, be counted the same as he is, ἐν ἀνδραπόδων or μισθοφόρου χώρᾳ εἶναι to be in the position of slaves or mercenaries, to pass or rank as such, X.An.5.6.13, Cyr.2.1.18; ἐν οὐδεμιᾷ χ. εἶναι to have no place or rank, be in no esteem, Id.An.5.7.28;

οὗ μέλλει χώρην μηδεμίαν θέμεναι Thgn.152

;

τούτων τοι χώρη.. ὀλίγη τελέθει Id.822

;

τὰς μεγίστας χ. ἔχειν Plb.1.43.1

.

5 in senses 3 and 4 freq. with a Prep., ἐκ χώρας ὁρμᾶν, opp. πορευόμενος μάχεσθαι, X.An.3.4.33; εἰς τὰς ἑαυτῶν χ. πάρεισι are at their posts, Id.Cyr.1.2.4, cf. Theoc. 15.57;

εἰς τὰς τῶν λοχαγῶν χ. καταστήσεσθαι X.Cyr.2.1.23

; ἐν χώρᾳ in one's place, at one's post,

ἐν ταῖς χ. γενέσθαι Id.An.4.8.15

; ἐν χώρᾳ πίπτειν, ἀποθνῄσκειν, die at one's post, Id.HG4.2.20, 8.39; ἐπὶ χώρας ἕσσαι set it in its place, Pi.P.4.273; also μένειν ἐπὶ χώρας, = μένειν κατὰ χώραν, remain in force, OGI90.16 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), BGU183.9 (i A. D.); κατὰ χώρην εἶναι be in one's place, Hdt.4.135; [

φόροι] κατὰ χώρην διατελέουσι ἔχοντες Id.6.42

, cf. Ar.Pl. 367, Ra. 793;

κατὰ χ. μένειν Hdt.7.95

, 8.108, Ar.Eq. 1354, Th.4.26; ἤλπιζον.. οὐ μενεῖν κατὰ χ. τὰ πράγματα ib.76;

μένει τὸ ὅρκιον κατὰ χ.

as it was, undisturbed,

Hdt.4.201

; ἐᾶν κατὰ χ. τὴν πόλιν leave in its place, leave as it was, X.HG6.5.6, cf. Hdt.1.17;

κατὰ χώραν μένειν τοὺς ἄλλους [νόμους] ἐᾶν D.24.5

; κατὰ χ. ἀπιέναι retire in their old order, X. An.6.4.11.

II land, viz.,

1 a land, country,

ἅς τινας ἵκεο χώρας ἀνθρώπων Od.8.573

;

ἡ χ. ἡ Ἀττική Hdt.9.13

;

ἐμπορεύεσθαι εἰς τὴν χ. IG12.57.21

, cf. 63.22, al.: freq. in Trag.,

Ἑλλάδα χώραν A.Pers. 271

(lyr.);

Εὐβοῖδα χ. S.Tr.74

, etc.; territory, ὁ τύραννος ἢ πόλεων ἢ χ. πολλῆς [ἐπιθυμεῖ] X.Hier.4.7: pl., OGI54.11 (Adule, iii B. C.), etc.

2 landed estate, X.Cyr.8.4.28, 8.6.4. b. country town,

τοὺς κήρυκας διαπέμψαντες ἐς τὰς χ. Schwyzer688

B8 (Chios, v B. C.).

3 the country, opp. to the town,

ἡ πόλις καὶ ἡ χ. Lycurg. 1

;

τὰ ἐκ τῆς χώρας Th.2.5

, X.Mem.3.6.11; ὁ ἐκ τῆς χ. γιγνόμενος σῖτος ib.13;

οἱ ἐν τῇ χ. ἐργάται Id.Hier.10.5

; ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ κοιταῖον γίγνεσθαι, opp. ἐν ἄστει, Decr. ap. D.18.37; ἁ κοινὰ χ. (of two cities) IG42(1).77.2 (Epid., ii B. C.): esp. of Egypt as opp. Alexandria, OGI56.5 (Canopus, iii B. C.), PHib.1.27.167 (iii B. C.), etc. (but in PTeb.5.98 (ii B. C.) ἐν τῇ Ἀλεξα (νδρέων) χ. means 'in Alexandria'); ἡ ἄνω χ. καὶ ἡ κάτω, Upper and Lower Egypt, OGI90.46 (Rosetta, ii B. C.), cf. Wilcken Chr.109.9 (iii B. C.).— χῶρος is another form: in signf. 11 χώρα alone is used in [dialect] Att.; whereas in signf. 1 χῶρος is common, exc. in the special sense of one's proper place or post ( χῶρος and χώρα perh. cogn. with χῆρος, χῆτος).

εἰρήνη, ης, ἡ (s. εἰρηνεύω; Hom.+; εἰρ. and related terms are common in astr. texts, e.g. Cat. Cod. Astr. IX/2 p. 173, 21; 175, 10)

① a state of concord, peace, harmony

ⓐ between governments opp. πόλεμος IEph 13:2. ἐρωτᾷ τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην asks for terms of peace Lk 14:32 (cp. TestJud 9:7 αἰτοῦσιν ἡμᾶς τὰ πρὸς εἰρήνην; Anna Comn., Alex. 8, 5 ed. R. II p. 12, 17 τὰ περὶ εἰρήνης ἐρωτῶντες.—It is also poss. to transl. inquires about his health like ἐρωτ. [τὰ] εἰς εἰρήνην=שָׁאַל לְשָׁלוֹם 2 Km 8:10; 11:7; s. HThackeray, JTS 14, 1913, 389–99; Helbing, Kasussyntax 40); ἐν εἰ. εἶναι (Aristot., Mirabilia 119, 842a 2) be in peace, out of danger Lk 11:21. λαμβάνειν τὴν εἰ. ἔκ τινος take peace away fr. someth.=plunge it into a state of war Rv 6:4.—Ac 24:2. Of those who are fighting αἰτεῖσθαι εἰ. ask for peace (Anonym. Alex.-gesch. [II B.C.]: 151 Fgm. 1, 5 Jac.) Ac 12:20.

ⓑ harmony in personal relationships peace, harmony w. ὁμόνοια (Chrysipp.: Stoic. II 1076; Diod S 16, 60, 3; Dio Chrys. 21 [38], 14; 22 [39], 2; SIG 685, 13 [139 B.C.]; Jos., Ant. 4, 50) 1 Cl 60:4; 61:1; 63:2; w. πραΰτης 61:2; opp. ὀργή D 15:3; opp. μάχαιρα Mt 10:34, cp. Lk 12:51. συναλλάσσειν εἰς εἰ. pacify Ac 7:26; σύνδεσμος τῆς εἰ. Eph 4:3. βασιλεὺς εἰρήνης king of peace (as transl. of Salem; cp. Philo, Leg. All. 3, 79) Hb 7:2. Of the Christian community εἰ. ἔχειν have peace, rest (fr. persecution, as Ac 14:2 v.l.; for the phrase s. Diod S 11, 72, 1; cp. Jos., Bell. 2, 401) Ac 9:31; εἰ. βαθεῖα (Ath. 1, 3 [opp. διώκεσθαι]; s. βαθύς 3a) 1 Cl 2:2. ὁδὸς εἰρήνης the way of peace, that leads to peace Ro 3:17 (Ps 13:3; Is 59:8); Lk 1:79. μετʼ εἰρήνης peaceably (Diod S 3, 18, 7; Vi. Aesopi W 97 P. μετʼ εἰρήνης ζῆν; EpJer 2; 1 Esdr 5:2; 1 Macc 12:4, 52 al.; Jos., Ant. 1, 179; 8, 405) Hb 11:31; ποιεῖν εἰ. make peace (Hermocles [IV/III B.C.]: Anth. Lyr. II p. 250, 21 [p. 174, 21 Coll. Alex.=Athen. 6, 253e] πρῶτον μὲν εἰρήνην ποίησον, φίλτατε.—ἐπί τινα Iren. 4, 40, 1 [Harv. II 301, 9]) Ac 14:2 v.l.; Eph 2:15; οἱ ποιοῦντες εἰ. those who make peace Js 3:18. βούλεσθαι εἰ. (Pr 12:20) wish for peace 1 Cl 15:1. διώκειν strive toward peace (w. δικαιοσύνη, πίστις, ἀγάπη) 2 Ti 2:22; Gal 5:22; 1 Cl 22:5 (Ps 33:15). εἰ. διώκειν μετὰ πάντων strive to be at peace w. everyone Hb 12:14 (cp. Epict. 4, 5, 24 εἰ. ἄγεις πρὸς πάντας). τὰ τῆς εἰ. διώκειν strive after peace Ro 14:19; ζητεῖν εἰ. 1 Pt 3:11 (Ps 33:15); cp. 2 Cl 10:2. τὰ πρὸς εἰ. what makes for peace Lk 19:42. W. ἀσφάλεια 1 Th 5:3; w. ἀγάπη B 21:9; 1 Cl 62:2. ἀπέστη ἡ εἰ. peace has disappeared 1 Cl 3:4 (cp. δαίμονας … τὴν εἰ. ταράσσοντας Orig., C. Cels. 8, 73, 29). πρόσωπον εἰρήνης ἔχειν maintain a facade of peace Hv 3, 6, 3; εἰ. ἔχειν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς have peace within one’s group 3, 5, 1.

ⓒ good order opp. ἀκαταστασία 1 Cor 14:33; cp. 7:15, and 1 Cl 20:1, 9ff.

② a state of well-being, peace

ⓐ corresp. to Hebr. שָׁלוֹם welfare, health (WCaspari, Vorstellung u. Wort ‘Friede’ im AT 1910, esp. p. 128ff) in a farewell greeting: ὑπάγειν ἐν εἰ. go in peace, approx. equiv. to ‘keep well’ Js 2:16; also πορεύεσθαι ἐν εἰ. (Judg 18:6 B; 2 Km 3:21) Ac 16:36; ὑπάγειν εἰς εἰρήνην Mk 5:34; πορεύεσθαι εἰς εἰ. (1 Km 1:17; 20:42; 29:7; Jdth 8:35) Lk 7:50; 8:48. προπέμπειν τινὰ ἐν εἰ. send someone on the way in peace 1 Cor 16:11 (cp. Vi. Aesopi I, 32 p. 297, 1 Eberh. ἐν εἰρήνῃ ἀπέστειλεν [αὐτόν]). ἐν εἰ. μετὰ χαρᾶς ἀναπέμψατε send back in peace w. joy 1 Cl 65:1. ἀπολύειν τινὰ μετὰ εἰρήνης send someone away w. a greeting of peace Ac 15:33 (cp. Gen 26:29; Jos., Ant. 1, 179). In the formula of greeting εἰ. ὑμῖν=שָׁלוֹם לָכֶם (cp. Judg 6:23; 19:20; Da 10:19 Theod.; Tob 12:17) Lk 24:36; J 20:19, 21, 26. εἰρήνη τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ peace to this house Lk 10:5; cp. vs. 6 (WKlassen, NTS 27, ’81, 488–506); Mt 10:12 v.l., 13 (on εἰ. ἐπί w. acc. cp. Is 9:7; Ps 84:9). In epistolary closure καὶ ἔστω μεθʼ ὑμῶν εἰρήνη peace be w. you AcPlCor 2:40.—A new and characteristic development is the combination of the Greek epistolary greeting χαίρειν with a Hebrew expression in the Pauline and post-Pauline letters χάρις καὶ εἰρήνη (s. χάρις 2c) Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1; 2 Th 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3; Rv 1:4. (χάρις, ἔλεος, εἰρήνη) 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; 2J 3. (χάρις καὶ εἰ.—or w. ἔλεος—πληθυνθείη, cp. Da 4:1; 4:37c LXX; 6:26 Theod.) 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2; Jd 2; 1 Cl ins; Pol ins; MPol ins; cp. Gal 6:16; Eph 6:23; 2 Th 3:16; 1 Pt 5:14; 3J 15; ISm 12:2; B 1:1 (χαίρετε ἐν εἰ.); to a degree, mng. 2b also is implied in this expr.

ⓑ Since, acc. to the prophets, peace will be an essential characteristic of the messianic kgdm. (εἰ. as summum bonum: Seneca, Ep. 66, 5), Christian thought also freq. regards εἰ. as nearly synonymous w. messianic salvation εὐαγγελίζεσθαι εἰ. proclaim peace, i.e. messianic salvation (Is 52:7) Ac 10:36; Ro 10:15 v.l.; Eph 2:17; τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς εἰ. 6:15. ἔχειν ἐν Χριστῷ εἰ. J 16:33; ἔχειν εἰ. πρὸς τὸν θεόν have peace w. God Ro 5:1 (on εἰ. πρός τινα cp. Pla., Rep. 5, 465b; X., Hiero 2, 11; Epict. 4, 5, 24; Jos., Ant. 8, 396). ἀφιέναι εἰ. leave peace τινί J 14:27a (cp. Orig., C. Cels. 8, 14, 20); same sense εἰ. διδόναι give or grant peace 14:27b; 2 Th 3:16b (so Is 26:12. Since Thu. 4, 19, 1; 21, 1 εἰ. διδόναι refers to granting of political peace). Hence εἰ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ the peace brought by Christ Col 3:15; εἰ. τοῦ θεοῦ Phil 4:7; ὁ θεὸς τῆς εἰ. (TestDan 5:2) Ro 15:33; 16:20; 2 Cor 13:11; Phil 4:9; 1 Th 5:23; Hb 13:20; ὁ κύριος τῆς εἰ. 2 Th 3:16a; αὐτός (i.e. ὁ Χριστός) ἐστιν ἡ εἰρήνη ἡμῶν Eph 2:14 (cp. POxy 41, 27, where an official is called εἰρήνη πόλεως; sim. ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης PAchm 7, 8; 104.—FCoggan, ET 53, ’42, 242 [peace-offering]; but s. NSnaith, ibid. 325f). ἐπαναδράμωμεν ἐπὶ τὸν τῆς εἰ. σκοπόν let us run toward the goal of peace 1 Cl 19:2.—2 Pt 3:14; (w. ζωή) Ro 8:6; (w. δόξα and τιμή) 2:10; (w. δικαιοσύνη and χαρά.—W. χαρά En 5:9; Philo, Leg. All. 1, 45) 14:17; 15:13; (πίστις, φόβος, ὑπομονή, μακροθυμία) 1 Cl 64:1. παιδεία εἰηρήνης ἡμῶν ἐπʼ αὐτόν 16:5 (Is 53:5). In prayer εἰς ἀγαθὰ ἐν εἰ. 60:3. Also Lk 2:29 and the angelic greeting ἐπὶ γῆς εἰ. peace on earth 2:14 are prob. to be classed here; cp. 19:38.—On peace as a gift of God cp. Epict. 3, 13, 12 εἰρήνη ὑπὸ τοῦ θεοῦ κεκηρυγμένη διὰ τοῦ λόγου (=philosophy); Oenomaus in Eus., PE 5, 26, 5: it is the task of deities to establish and to promote εἰρήνη and φιλία; cp. the boasts of Isis in related terms, IAndrosIsis, Kyme.—HFuchs, Augustin u. d. antike Friedensgedanke 1926, 39–43; 167–223; WNestle, D. Friedensgedanke in d. antiken Welt: Philol. Suppl. 31, ’38; WvanLeeuwen, Eirene in het NT ’40; FBammel, Die Religionen der Welt und der Friede auf Erden ’57; on the word’s history, KBrugmann and BKeil, Εἰρήνη: Ber. d. Sächs. Ges. d. Wiss. 68, 1916 nos. 3 and 4; GKöstner, Εἰρήνη in d. Briefen des hl. Apostels, diss. Rome ’58; WEisenbeis, D. Wurzel שׁלם im AT, Beih. ZAW 113, ’69; RAC VIII 434–505 (lit.).—B. 1376. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

χαρίζομαι (χάρις; Hom.+) mid. dep.: fut. χαρίσομαι Ro 8:32 (also Lucian, Dial. Mort. 9, 1; Jos., Ant. 2, 28; for Att. χαριοῦμαι); 1 aor. ἐχαρισάμην; pf. κεχάρισμαι. Pass., w. pass. sense: 1 fut. χαρισθήσομαι Phlm 22; 1 aor. ἐχαρίσθην Ac 3:14; 1 Cor 2:12; Phil 1:29.

① to give freely as a favor, give graciously (a common term in honorific documents lauding officials and civic-minded pers. for their beneficence, s. SIG index and indexes of other inscriptional corpora) of God (so Ael. Aristid. 39, 3 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Herm. Wr. 12, 12; 16, 5 and p. 462, 30; 490, 9; 35; 492, 11 Sc.; 3 Macc 5:11; EpArist 196; TestSim 4:6; Jos., Ant. 3, 87; 4, 317) θεὸν … τὰ ἐκεῖ θαυμάσια χαριζόμενον God, who graciously bestows wonderful things from the world beyond (as opposed to the finery of this world, which in contrast is ‘shit’; s. δεινός and σκύβαλον) AcPl Ha 2, 23f. τινί τι someth. to someone (Appian, Bell. Civ. 1, 79 §360 χαρίζεσθαί τινι τὴν σωτηρίαν; Paus. 6, 18, 4 χαρίσασθαί μοι τήνδε ὦ βασιλεῦ τὴν χάριν; TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 30 [Stone p. 6] τὴν ἐπαγγελίαν) Ro 8:32; Phil 2:9; 2 Cl 1:4; Hs 9, 28, 6; D 10:3. This is also the place for Gal 3:18 if τὴν κληρονομίαν is to be supplied fr. the context (but s. end of this sec.). τυφλοῖς ἐχαρίσατο βλέπειν to the blind he granted the power of sight Lk 7:21 (v.l. τὸ βλέπειν; cp. Plut., Mor. 609a; 2 Macc 3:31, 33). ὁ χαρισάμενος ὑμῖν τοιοῦτον ἐπίσκοπον κεκτῆσθαι the one who (by his favor) granted you to obtain such a bishop IEph 1:3. Pass. 1 Cor 2:12. ὑμῖν ἐχαρίσθη τὸ ὑπὲρ Χριστοῦ πάσχειν you have (graciously) been granted the privilege of suffering for Christ Phil 1:29.—χ. τινά τινι give or grant someone to someone (Semonides 7, 93f D.³: Zeus χαρίζεταί τινά τινι=Z. grants one [i.e., a good wife] to someone) κεχάρισταί σοι ὁ θεὸς πάντας τοὺς πλέοντας μετά σου God has given you all those who are sailing with you, i.e. at your request God has granted them safety fr. deadly danger Ac 27:24. The one who is ‘given’ escapes death or further imprisonment by being handed over to those who wish him freed ᾐτήσασθε ἄνδρα φονέα χαρισθῆναι ὑμῖν Ac 3:14. Cp. Phlm 22 (Diod S 13, 59, 3 ἐχαρίσατο αὐτῷ τοὺς συγγενεῖσ=he granted him his [captured] relatives [and set them free]; Plut., C. Gracch. 836 [4, 3] χ. τὸν Ὀκτάβιον τῇ μητρί; PFlor 61, 61 [I A.D.] cited s.v. ὄχλος 1a, end; Jos., Vi. 355.—On the ‘giving’ of Barabbas s. JMerkel, Die Begnadigung am Passahfeste: ZNW 6, 1905, 293–316). On the other hand, the giving of a man to those who wish him ill results in harm to him (cp. Jos., Vi. 53) οὐδείς με δύναται αὐτοῖς χαρίσασθαι Ac 25:11; cp. vs. 16 (without dat., which is easily supplied; the v.l. adds εἰς ἀπώλειαν to it). Ign. rejects every attempt of others to save his life, because he wishes to leave the world and be with God, and martyrdom opens the way for this: τὸν τοῦ θεοῦ θέλοντα εἶναι κόσμῳ μὴ χαρίσησθε do not give to the world the one who wishes to belong to God IRo 6:2.—W. only the dat. χ. τινι show oneself to be gracious to someone (Diod S 14, 11, 1; Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 112 §467; SIG 354, 4f βουλόμενος χαρίζεσθαι τῷ δήμῳ; ApcEsdr 25:7 τοὺς δικαίους τί χαρίζεις; Jos., Ant. 17, 222; Eunap. p. 77 Boiss.) Gal 3:18 (s. above; also Betz, Gal. ad loc.).

② to cancel a sum of money that is owed, cancel (Ps.-Aeschin., Ep. 12, 14; Philo, Spec. Leg. 2, 39 τὰ δάνεια) Lk 7:42f. This forms a transition to

③ to show oneself gracious by forgiving wrongdoing, forgive, pardon (Dionys. Hal. 5, 4, 3; Jos., Ant. 6, 144 ἁμαρτήματα χαρίζεσθαι) w. dat. of pers. and acc. of thing (TestJob 43:1 αὐτοῖς … τὴν ἁμαρτίαν αὐτῶν) χαρισάμενος ἡμῖν πάντα τὰ παραπτώματα Col 2:13; cp. 2 Cor 2:10a; 12:13. W. dat. of pers. alone Eph 4:32ab; Col 3:13ab (Plut., Mor. 488a χαίρειν τῷ χαρίζεσθαι μᾶλλον αὐτοῖς ἢ τῷ νικᾶν=to delight in doing them favors rather than getting the better of them). W. acc. of thing alone 2 Cor 2:10bc. Abs. (cp. EpArist 215) rather forgive 2 Cor 2:7.—B. 1174. DELG s.v. χάρις. M-M. EDNT. TW.

οὐδείς, fem. οὐδεμίᾰ (never nom. acc. -μίη, -μίην, since οὐδεμιῇ is prob. in Call.Aet.Oxy.2080.56, rarely

A

οὐδ' ἴα Sapph.69

, Mosch.4.40), neut. οὐδέν (declined and accentuated like εἷς, μία, ἕν), not one, i.e. no one, none, used by Hom., Hes., and Pi. (who prefer οὔτις) only in neut. nom. and acc. οὐδέν, exc. in the phrase

τὸ ὃν μένος οὐδενὶ εἴκων Il.22.459

, al.; οὐδείς is found in B.Fr.28; but all genders and cases are common in all other writers, Hdt.1.32,33, etc.: rare in pl., no set of persons or things, And.1.23 (dub. cj.), X.Lac.3.1;

πρὸς οὐδένας τῶν Ἑλλήνων D.18.23

(v.l.), cf. 19.31,66,312, 24.214, 27.7; οὐδένων εἰσὶ βελτίους, i.e. οὔ τινων ἄλλων, Id.2.17 (cf.

οὐδενὸς βελτίους Pl.Prt. 324d

): dat. pl.

οὐδέσιν Paus.3.24.3

; for another sense of the pl., v. infr. 11.3.—In [dialect] Ion. the pl. is usu. οὐδαμοί.

2 οὐ. ὅστις οὐ every one, Hdt.3.72, etc.; οὐδὲν ὅ τι οὐ every, Id.5.97; this came to be regarded as one word, so that οὐδείς passed into the same case as

ὅστις, οὐδένα ὅντινα οὐ κατέκλασε Pl.Phd. 117d

;

οὐδενὸς ὅτου οὐ πάντων ἂν.. πατὴρ εἴην Id.Prt. 317c

, cf. 323b;

οὐδενὶ ὅτῳ οὐκ ἀποκρινόμενος Id.Men. 70c

; so

οὐ. ὃς οὐχὶ.. ὀνειδιεῖ S.OT 373

;

οὐδὲν γὰρ.. οὔτ' αἰσχρὸν οὔτ' ἄτιμόν ἐσθ', ὁποῖον οὐ.. οὐκ ὄπωπ' ἐγώ Id.Ant.4

.

3 later οὐδὲν ὅ τι without οὐ, = nothing,

οὐδὲν ὅ τι παρήσω Agath.Praef.p.137

D., al.

4 ὅστις οὐδείς not one,

ἐτεθνήκεσαν δὲ αὐτῶν μὲν ἀμφὶ τοὺς τετρακοσίους, Ρωμαίων δὲ ὅστις οὐδείς Id.5.20

.

II naught, good for naught,

ὦ νῦν μὲν οὐ. αὔριον δ' ὑπέρμεγας Ar.Eq. 158

, cf. E.Fr.187.5; τὸ μὲν [γένος ἀνδρῶν] οὐδέν Pi.N.6.3: freq. in neut., οὐδὲν εἰδώς knowing naught, Thgn.141, E. Fr. 391; οὐκ ἄρ' ᾔστην οὐδὲν ἄλλο πλὴν δάκνειν knew nothing save how to.., Ar.Av.19; οὐδὲν λέγειν to say naught, v. λέγω (B) III. 6; τὸ οὐδ' οὐδέν the absolute nothing, Pl.Tht. 180a.

2 in neut., of persons,

οὐδέν εἰμι S.Ph. 951

, etc.;

οὐδὲν εἶ Ar.Ec. 144

;

πρὸς τὸν οὐδέν E.Ph. 598

;

τὸ μηδὲν εἰς οὐδὲν ῥέπει Id.Fr.532.2

;

ᾧ ἀνεμέσητον.. οὐδενὶ εἶναι Pl.Tht. 175e

.

3 in pl., οὐδένες ἐόντες ἐν οὐδαμοῖσι ἐοῦσι Ἕλλησι being nobodies, Hdt.9.58;

ὄντες οὐδένες E.Andr. 700

, cf. IA 371; ὁ μηδὲν ὢν κἀξ οὐδένων κεκλήσομαι dub. cj. in Id. Ion 594;

οὐ γὰρ ἠξίου τοὺς μηδένας S.Aj. 1114

.

4 with Preps.,

παρ' οὐδὲν εἶναι Id.OT 983

, etc.; παρ' οὐδὲν ἄγειν, θέσθαι, Id.Ant.35, E.IT 732;

δι' οὐδενὸς ποιεῖσθαι S.OC 584

;

ἐν οὐδενὸς εἶναι μέρει D.2.18

.

5 τὸ οὐδέν naught, zero, in Arith., Nicom.Ar.2.6; used by Democritus as a name for Place, Arist.Fr. 208.

III neut. οὐδέν as Adv., not at all, naught,

ἄριστον Ἀχαιῶν οὐ. ἔτισεν Il.1.412

, cf. 24.370, Hdt.5.34, Th.8.22, etc.; so

οὐδέν τι X.Mem.1.2.42

, etc.;

οὐ. τι πάντως Hdt.5.65

: in answers, nothing, never mind, no matter, E.Med.64, IT 781, Ar.Nu. 694; οὐδέν γε not at all, Id.Av. 1360, etc.; οὐδὲν μᾶλλον, οὐδὲν ἧσσον, οὐδὲν ὕστερος, v. μάλα 11.5,

ἥσσων 111

,

ὕστερος A.

I.

2 οὐδὲν ἄλλο ἤ, v. ἄλλος III. 2.

B REMARKS: the more emphatic and literal sense, not even one, i.e. none whatever, belongs to the full form, οὐδὲ εἷς, οὐδὲ μία, οὐδὲ ἕν, which is never elided, even in Com. (v. Ar. Ra. 927, Lys. 1045 (lyr.), Pl. 138, 1115), but freq. has a Particle inserted between, cf.

οὐδέ B.

—Zen. (in EM639.17 ) and others wrongly assume οὐδείς as a compd. not of οὐδέ and εἷς, but of οὐ and δείς (q. v.). (Later οὐθείς, q. v.)

τέσσᾰρες, οἱ, αἱ, τέσσαρα, τά, gen. ων: dat. τέσσαρσι ([etym.] ν) Th.2.21, Act.Ap.12.4, etc.; poet.

A

τέτρᾰσι Hes.Fr. 188

, Pi.O.8.68, al., and in late Prose, as LXX Jd.9.34, Str.13.1.3, Hermog.Meth.29, Alex.Aphr.in Top.208.12,in Sens.54.18, PSI10.1126.9 (iii A.D.), v.l. in Act.Ap.11.5 (cod. D), and in good codd. of Arist.IA 704a11, al., Theol.Ar.19, etc.; also

τέταρσι SIG729.3

(Delph., i B.C.), PSI9.1028.10 (i A.D.):—[dialect] Att. [full] τέττᾰρες, τέττᾰρα, dat.

τέτταρσιν Isoc.12.3

; also τάρων (v. τάρες ) for τεττάρων; Phocian dat.

τεττάροις IG9(1).32.78

(Stiris, ii B.C.):—[dialect] Ion. and later Gr. [full] τέσσερες, τέσσερα, SIG57.25 (Milet., v B.C.), Schwyzer 289.120 (Rhodian, ii B.C.), etc. (dat.

τέσσερσι Hdt.6.41

,

τεσσέρασιν SIG633.98

(Milet., ii B.C.)), but τέσσαρες in Hom., and Schwyzer 707 B 4 (Ephesus, vi B.C.), etc.: codd. of LXX have τέσσαρες (nom. and acc.), τεσσάρων, τέσσαρσι, but τέσσερα (ς), τεσσεράκοντα; since however τέσσερα ([etym.] ς ) and τεσσεράκοντα, apart from [dialect] Ion., are not common in Papyri before ii A.D., the LXX autographs prob. had τέσσαρα ([etym.] ς ) and τεσσαράκοντα; the form τέσσερα ([etym.] ς ) is here due to avoidance by the copyists of the sequence ε-α-α:—[dialect] Dor. [full] τέτορες, τέτορα, Hes.Op. 698, Phoc.3, Simon.91, Epich.149, SIG 240I8 (Delph., iv B.C.), al., Theoc.14.16:—[dialect] Ep. (prob. [dialect] Aeol.) [full] πίσῠρες [pron. full] [ῐ] Od.5.70, 16.249, A.R. 2.1110, Nic.Th. 182; acc.

πίσῠρας Od.22.111

, Il.15.680, al., Call.Dian. 105, IGRom.4.360.26 (Pergam., ii A.D.); gen.

πισύρων Dam.Isid. 290

(metrical?), prob. in Hsch.; dat. πισύρεσσι, πισύροισι, -ῃσι, -αις, Nonn.D.16.119, 38.176, 236, 39.377, AP14.7.4: [dialect] Aeol. also [full] πέσῠρες, neut. [full] πέσῠρα Epigr.Gr.988.6 ([place name] Balbilla); and [full] πέσσῠρες, [full] πέσσῠρα, Hsch.:—[dialect] Boeot. [full] πέττᾰρες, α (q.v.):— four, Od.9.335, etc.; διὰ τεττάρων the musical interval of the fourth, Damox.2.55, etc.; τὰ τέσσαρα the four simple bodies of Empedocles, Plot.6.2.2; the four kinds of quality or four Aristotelian senses of ποιόν, Id.6.1.10; the four cardinal principles of Epicurus (cf. τετραφάρμακος), Phld.Herc.1251.11. (Cf. Skt. catvā´ras (acc. catúras), Lat. quattuor, Lith. keturì, etc.: I.-E. q[ uglide]et[ uglide]or-.)

ψεύδω, S.Ant. 389, etc.: [tense] fut.

A

ψεύσω Id.OC 628

, X.Cyr.1.5.13: [tense] aor.

ἔψευσα A.Pers. 472

, Plb.18.11.11, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

ψευσθήσομαι S.Tr. 712

, Gal.15.143: [tense] aor.

ἐψεύσθην Hdt.1.141

, etc.: [tense] pf. ἔψευσμαι (v. infr.); imper.

ἐψεύσθω Aeschin.1.162

:—cheat by lies, beguile, τινα S.OC 628, etc.:—[voice] Pass., to be cheated, deceived, A.Ch. 759, etc.; εἰ μὴ πολύ γε ἔψευσμαι unless I am much deceived, Antipho 3.2.1.

2 c. gen., cheat, balk, disappoint one of a thing,

ψεύσει σ' ὁδοῦ τῆσδ' ἐλπίς E.Hec. 1031

;

ἔψευσας φρενῶν Πέρσας A.Pers. 472

;

μὴ ψεῦσον Ζεῦ τῆς ἐπιούσης ἐλπίδος Ar.Th. 870

;

πιστεύω.. μὴ ψεύσειν με.. τὰς ἐλπίδας X.Cyr.1.5.13

;

πόλλ' ἐλπίδες ψεύδουσι καὶ λόγοι βροτούς E.Fr. 650

:—[voice] Pass., to be cheated balked, disappointed, τινος of a thing, ψευσθῆναι ἐλπίδος, γάμου, Hdt.1.141, 5.47;

ἐνάρων S.Aj. 178

(lyr.);

δείπνου Ar.Nu. 618

(troch.); ψευσθέντες τῶν σκοπῶν disappointed of receiving tidings from the scouts, Th.8.103.

3 in [voice] Pass., also, to be deceived, mistaken in or about a thing, ἐψευσμένοι γνώμης deceived in their judgement, mistaken in opinion, Hdt.8.40, cf. S.Tr. 712 (also

ψευσθῆναι γνώμῃ Hdt.7.9

.γ) ; ἐψευσμένοι τῆς Ἀθηναίων δυνάμεως deceived or mistaken in their notions of the Athenian power, Th.4.108; πολλῶν ἐψεύσθητε τῆς οὐσίας you have often had a mistaken idea of a man's wealth, Lys.19.45;

τούτου οὐκ ἐψεύσθην Pl.Ap. 22d

;

ἐψεῦσθαι τῆς ἀληθείας Id.R. 413a

;

τῆς ὥρας And.1.38

;

ἐψευσμένοι τῶν ὄντων Pl.Tht. 195a

; ἐψεῦσθαι ἑαυτῶν, opp. εἰδέναι ἑαυτούς, X.Mem.4.2.26; also

ψευσθῆναι ἔν τισι Hdt.9.48

;

περί τινος X.An.2.6.28

, Pl.Prt. 358c: also c. acc.,

ἐψεύσθη τοῦτο X.An.1.8.11

, etc.; αὐτοὺς ἐψευσμένη ἡ Ἑλλάς deceived in its estimate of them, Th.6.17 (where αὐτοὺς is prob. corrupt, and shd. perh. be omitted): c. acc. cogn., εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος most happily deceived or mistaken, Pl.Men. 71d: more rarely in [voice] Act., καί μ' ἔψευσας ἐλπίδος πολύ thou hast much belied my expectation, i.e. turned out better than I feared, S.Aj. 1382.

4 of statements, to be untrue, ἡ τρίτη τῶν ὁδῶν μάλιστα ἔψευσται the third mode of explanation is most untrue, most mistaken, Hdt.2.22.

II c. acc. rei, like ψευδοποιέω 11, represent a thing as a lie, falsify,

ψεύδοντες οὐδὲν σῆμα τῶν προκειμένων S.OC 1512

(prob. for σημάτων) ; ψεύδει ἡ πίνοια τὴν γνώμην afterthought gives opinion the lie, Id.Ant. 389:— [voice] Pass., ἢν τάδε ψευσθῇ λέγων if his word prove (lit. be proved) false, Id.Ph. 1342; ἡ ψευσθεῖσα ὑπόσχεσις the promise broken, Th.3.66;

πάντα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔψευσται

have been falsely reported,

D.52.23

; in E.Andr. 346 for ἀλλὰ ψεύσεται it will be falsely said, Porson's correction ἐψεύσεται is probable ( πεύσεται Kiehl).

B earlier and more common [full] ψεύδομαι, imper.

ψεύδεο Il.4.404

(the [voice] Act. is very rare in [dialect] Att. Prose): [tense] fut.

ψεύσομαι Hom.

, Pi., [dialect] Att.: aor ἐψευσάμην, v. infr.: [tense] fut. 2 ἐψεύσομαι ( will have made a false statement) Gal.15.137(s. v.l.): [tense] pf.

ἔψευσμαι X.An.1.3.10

.

I abs., lie, speak false, play false,

ψεύσομαι ἦ ἔτυμον ἐρέω; Il.10.534

, Od.4.140;

οὐκ οἶδα ψεύδεσθαι h.Merc. 369

;

οὐ ψεύσομ' ἀμφὶ Κορίνθῳ Pi.O.13.52

;

περί τινος Pl.Prt. 347a

; ψ. κατά τινος, opp. λέγειν τἀληθῆ κατά τινος, Id.Euthd. 284a, Lys.22.7;

ψ. πρός τινα X.An.1.3.5

;

ψ. τινι Act.Ap. 5.4

and

εἴς τινα Ep.Col.3.9

.

2 c. inf., say falsely, pretend that.., Plu.2.506d.

3 c. acc. rei, say that which is untrue, whether intentionally or not,

τοῦτό γ' οὐκ ἐψεύσατο Ar.Ec. 445

;

οὐδὲν αὐτῶν ψεύδεται Id.Ach. 561

;

κἂν λάβῃς ἐψευσμένον, φάσκειν ἔμ' ἤδη μαντικῇ μηδὲν φρονεῖν S.OT 461

;

ἐάν τι μὴ ἀληθὲς λέγω.., εἰπὲ ὅτι τοῦτο ψεύδομαι· ἑκὼν γὰρ εἶναι οὐδὲν ψεύσομαι Pl.Smp. 214e

, cf. X.Mem.4.2.19;

περὶ ὧν ἔψευσται διδάσκειν ὑμᾶς Lys.3.21

.

4 to be false or faithless, to be perjured or forsworn, Hes.Op. 283.

5 ὁ ψευδόμενος, the Liar, name of a fallacy or logical puzzle invented by Eubulides, a disciple of Euclides of Megara, Thphr. ap. D.L.2.108, cf. Chrysipp.Stoic.2.92 ( ψευδόμενος is an interpolation in

ὁ σοφιστικὸς λόγος ψ. Arist.EN 1146a22

).

II like [voice] Act. 11, belie, falsify, ὅρκια ψεύσασθαι break them, Il.7.352; so

συνθήκας ψ. X.Ages.1.12

;

γάμους E.Ba. 31

, 245; so in [tense] plpf.,

ἔψευστο τὴν ξυμμαχίαν Th.5.83

; so also οὐκ ἐψεύσαντο τὰς ἀπειλάς they did not belie, i.e. they made good, their threats, Hdt.6.32; τὰ χρήματα.. ἐψευσμένοι ἦσαν had broken their word about the money, X.An.5.6.35.

III like [voice] Act. 1, deceive by lies, cheat,

Αοξίαν ἐψευσάμην A.Ag. 1208

, cf. X.HG3.1.25; also ψ. τινά τι deceive one in a thing, S.OC 1145, E.Alc. 808; ἅπερ αὐτὸν οὐ ψεύσομαι and therein I will not disappoint him (ironical), i.e. I will carry out my threat, And.1.123; τῶν ἔργων ὧν ἂν τὸν ἐκδόντα ψεύσηται (ὧν being in gen. by attraction) Pl.Lg. 921a.

IV of combinations of words, make a false statement, Arist.Int. 16a3.

φαῦλος, η, ον (Trag., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+; pap, LXX; TestSol 8:9; apolog. exc. Ar.) in Gk lit. ranging in mng. fr. ‘easy, light, simple’ to ‘common, bad’.

① pert. to being low-grade or morally substandard, base (Soph., X., Pla. et al.; LXX; EpArist 142; Philo; Jos., Vi. 41, C. Ap. 1, 53; SibOr 3, 362 [w. ἄδικος]. πᾶς φ. ἀνόητός ἐστιν Orig., C. Cels. 3, 74, 3) πρᾶγμα Js 3:16. ἔργον 1 Cl 28:1 (cp. Just., D. 14, 3). οἱ φ. those who are base 36:6, i.e. those who do not reflect in their behavior the high status they could enjoy as pers. destined for ‘deathless knowledge’ (see 36:2; cp. Epict. 4, 1, 3; 5; 4, 5, 8; Philo; Jos., Bell. 2, 163 [opp. οἱ ἀγαθοί]; Just., A I, 16, 3; Iren. 4, 37, 2 [Harv. II 286, 1]. Sing.: Did., Gen. 161, 8). μηδὲν ἔχων λέγειν περὶ ἡμῶν φαῦλον if he has nothing bad to say about us Tit 2:8 (cp. Plut., Mor. 717b οὐ φαύλως εἰπεῖν said of one who does not speak flippantly or without sufficient thought). πράσσειν τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φαῦλον Ro 9:11 (v.l. κακόν 1b [q.v.]. The contrast ἀγ. and φαῦλ. as Pla., Protag. 326e τῶν ἀγαθῶν πατέρων πολλοὶ υἱεῖς φαῦλοι γίγνονται ‘many sons of respected fathers turn out to be worthless’ noting the contrast between socially responsible parents and irresponsible children; Just. A I, 43, 2; A II, 9, 4; T. Kellis 22, 48; cp. Aeschin., Ctesiphon 174 opp. καλός); (τὰ) φαῦλα πράσσειν (Theoph. Ant. 1, 3 [p. 62, 22]) J 3:20; 5:29 (Just., A I, 44, 5). κομίσασθαι … πρὸς ἃ ἔπραξεν, εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φαῦλον 2 Cor 5:10 may refer to the performance of those under judgment: whether one has led a high-grade or a low-grade life, or more prob. (s. κομίζω 3) to be understood as

② pert. to being relatively inferior in quality, ordinary in ref. to the kinds of awards that are offered 2 Cor 5:10. Yet, in this colloquially arranged sentence, the idea of the doing of good or bad (s. 1 above) certainly plays a part. (The phrase τὰ φαῦλα, τὰ ἀγαθά X., Symp. 4, 47 is formally but not conceptually sim. for X. thinks of temporal chastisements by deities, whereas Paul of awards intended for believers.)—DELG. M-M. TW.

παρίστημι,

A causal in [tense] pres., [tense] impf., [tense] fut., and [tense] aor.1 ; later [tense] pf. παρέστᾰκα in same sense, PTeb.5.196 (ii B.C.), Plb.3.94.7, S.E. M.7.273, etc.

I cause to stand, place beside,

π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ' ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας Plb.3.72.9

, cf. 3.113.8 ; παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his arms into view, D.18.175 ; π. τινὰ φυλάττειν set one near a thing to guard it, v.l. in Id.49.35 ;

π. σορὸν σορῷ Anatolian Studies p.204

([place name] Termessus).

II set before the mind, present,

ὑπόθεσιν.. οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν D.3.1

; τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν that they may put this into your minds, Id.18.1 ;

τὸ δεινὸν π. τοῖς ἀκούουσιν Id.21.72

; π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων, Id.19.333, 21.15 ; arouse, inspire, οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ' ἡ ἀτιμία ib.72 ;

π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι Plb.3.94.7

; π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ.. Aeschin.2.159 : so τοῦτο π. ὑμῖν γνῶναι prompt you to that decision, D.18.8 ; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν give one confidence, v.l. in Aeschin.1.174 ; π. τινί c. inf., put it into his head to.., Paus.9.14.6 ; also π. τινὶ ὅτι or ὡς .., X. Oec.13.1, Pl.R. 600c.

2 dispose a person,

πρὸς μελαγχολίας Phld. Ir.p.28

W., cf. Mus.p.73 K. ; also

Ἀθηναίους ἄλλα παρέστησεν ὡς ἥρωα τιμᾶν Θησέα Plu. Thes.35

:—also in [voice] Pass., V. B. V. 1.

3 of a Poet, represent, describe,

τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα Phld. Hom. p.65

O., cf. Ath.3.110f, 4.133b ;

δι' ἐτυμολογίας Corn. ND1

:—[voice] Pass., παριστάσθω ὅτι .. let it be stated that.., S.E. M.7.310.

4 furnish, supply, deliver, PCair.Zen.790.10 (iii B.C.), PTeb.5.196 (ii B.C.), Abh. Berl.Akad.1925(5).31 ([place name] Cyrene).

5 make good, prove, show,

τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις Lys.12.51

, cf. Act.Ap.24.13 ;

καθάπερ προϊόντες -στήσομεν Phld. Ir.p.85

W., cf. Mus.p.37 K.

6 c. acc. pers., present, offer, ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, Ep.Rom.6.13,16.

b commend,

βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ 1 Ep.Cor.8.8

.

7 render, [

ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως Plu.2.676c

.

8 in later Greek, as in [voice] Med. (V. C. 1), produce in court, etc., BGU759.22 (ii A.D.), etc.:—[voice] Pass., Sammelb.4512.82 (ii B.C.), etc.

III set side by side, compare,

[πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις Isoc. 12.40

.—The use of these act. tenses occurs in Pl.l.c., but first becomes common in Oratt.

B [voice] Pass., with [tense] aor. 2, [tense] pf. and [tense] plpf. [voice] Act., intr.:

I stand by, beside, or near,

θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη Il.15.442

, cf. 483 ;

ἀμφίπολος δ' ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη Od.1.335

, cf. 8.218, 18.183 ; ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι, of a beggar, 17.450 ;

οὐδ' ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη Il.22.371

; ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα, of a painter's model, X. Mem.3.11.2 : freq. in part. παραστάς with a Verb,

εἶπε παραστάς Il.12.60

; οὖτα π. 20.472 ; παρασταθείς, v.l. for κατασταθείς, E.Or. 365.

2 stand by, i.e. help, defend, τινι Il.10.279, etc. ;

Τρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν 21.231

, cf. 15.255 ;

Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἠδ' ἐπαρήγει 23.783

, cf. Hes. Th. 439, Hdt.1.87, etc.;

π. τινὶ χερσί S. Aj. 1384

; βοηθοὶ π. X. Cyr.5.3.19 ;

οὐ παρέστη οὐδ' ἐβοήθησεν D.45.64

.

II more freq. in past tenses, to have come,

δεῦρο παρέστης Il.3.405

; to be at hand,

νῆες δ' ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν 7.467

, etc.

2 of events, to be near, be at hand,

ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος 16.853

;

κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν Od.9.52

, cf. 16.280 : in [tense] fut. [voice] Med.,

σοὶ..παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ' ὀλοή 24.28

;

ἐάν του καιρὸς ἢ χρεία παραστῇ D. 21.101

, cf. 73: freq. in [tense] pf.,

παρέστηχ' ὡς ἔοικ' ἀγὼν μέγας E. Hec. 229

, cf. Med. 331 ; in part.,

τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός Ar. Eq. 399

;

ὁ νῦν παρεστηκὼς ἡμῖν λόγος Pl. Lg. 962d

: in [dialect] Att. form παρεστώς, ῶσα, ός, th=s parestw/shs no/sou S. Ph. 734 ; τοῦ π. θέρους ib. 1340 ;

τὰς παρεστώσας τύχας E. Or.[ 1024]

; τὰ παρεστῶτα present circumstances, τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π., A. Ag. 1053, Pr. 218 ;

πρὸς τὸ παρεστός Ar. Eq. 564

;

πρὸς τὸ παριστάμενον X. Eq.Mag.9.1

.

III come to the side of another, come over to his opinion,

παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην Hdt.6.99

: abs., come to terms, surrender, submit, Id.3.13,5.65, 6.140 ;

οἱ πολέμιοι παραστήσονται Id.3.155

;

τῷ πολέμῳ παραστῆναι D. 22.15

, cf. EM653.2.

IV happen to one,

τῷ δὴ λέγουσι.. θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι Hdt.1.23

;

τὸ φρονεῖν ἀλλοῖα παρίσταται Emp. 108

; esp. come into one's head, occur to one,

τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται Parm.16.2

;

δόξα μοι παρεστάθη ναοὺς ἱκέσθαι S. OT 911

; δόξα π. τινὶ ὥστε .. Pl.Phd. 66b ; σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς .. Id.Phdr. 233c ; π. θαῦμα, γνώμη, And.2.2, 24 (s.v.l.) ;

ἔκπληξις παρέστη Th.8.96

: impers., παρίσταταί μοι it occurs to me ; τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται.. τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι to whom it will not occur to wish for death, Hdt.7.46: folld. by ὡς, Th. 4.61,95, Lys. 12.62, etc.: c. inf., Id.7.17;

οὐχὶ παρίσταταί μοι ταὐτὰ γιγνώσκειν D.3.1

: c. acc. et inf., Lys.21.12, Pl.Phd. 58e; part., τὸ παριστάμενον that which comes into one's head, a thought, Luc. Cont. 13 ; ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν speak offhand, Plu.Dem.9, cf. Gal. 14.295.

V to be disposed,

πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Phld.Mus.p.71

K.;

εἰρηνικῶς παρεστ ώτων Id.Hom. p.45

O.

2 collect oneself,

παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον D.S. 17.43

; τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς ib.99 ;

π. πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν Plu. Alc. 19

;

παρεστηκότες ταῖς γνώμαις Arr.Fr. 161

J.

3 metaph., οἶνος παρίσταται the wine improves, becomes fit for drinking, opp. ἐξίσταται, Thphr. CP6.14.10, cf. Dsc.5.8.

b of a crop, to be ripe,

ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ OGI56.68

(Egypt, iii B. C.); so prob.

ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν PLille 8.5

(iii B. C.).

VI παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν to be beside oneself, lose one's wits, Plb.18.53.6 ;

π. ταῖς διανοίαις Id.14.5.7

, etc.; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π. Id.22.8.13 ; cf.

παρεξίστημι 11

.

2 to be passionately devoted to,

ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες Hp.Ep.17

.

VII abs., παρεστηκός, = παρόν, since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered, Th.4.133.

C Some tenses of [voice] Med., [tense] pres. and [tense] impf. sts., [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. I almost always (for exceptions, v. supr. B. 11.2, III, iv), are used in causal sense:

I set by one's side, bring forward, produce,

π. ἱερεῖα X.An.6.1.22

; esp. in a court of justice,

τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι Lys.20.35

; παιδία παραστήσεται (of a culprit) D.21.99 ; ταῦτα παραστησάμενος ib.187;

μάρτυρας παρίστανται Is.4.13

, etc.; παραστήσασθαί τινα produce him as witness, Id.9.9, D.34.28, etc.;

π. τινὰ εἰς κρίσιν Pl.R. 555b

.

2 commend,

τινί τινα J.AJ 15.7.3

.

II bring to one's side, bring over by force, bring to terms,

ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι Hdt. 8.80

;

π. βία S.OC 916

;

π. πολιορκίᾳ Th.1.98

; πολιορκοῦντας π. ὁμολογίᾳ ib.29 : abs., π. τινά, π. πόλιν, Hdt.3.45, Th.1.124, etc.;

τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν π. εἰς φορὰν δασμοῦ Pl.Lg. 706b

.

2 generally, dispose for one's own views or purposes, τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε .. so to dispose a person that.., Hdt.4.136 ;

ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν μάχην Plb.3.109.9

; dispose, induce a person,

πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν Id.29.3.5

: c. acc. et inf., Chio Ep.3.

φαῦλος, η, ον, also ος, ον E.Hipp. 435, Fr.1083.9, Th.6.21: (cf. φλαῦρος):—

A cheap, easy, slight, paltry, first found commonly in E., twicein Hdt.1.26, 126 ([comp] Comp., elsewh. φλαῦρος), six times in Democr., Fr.87, al., twice in S., Frr.41,771: Adv. φαύλως once in A.: A. Pers. 520.

I of things, easy, slight,

φ. ἀθλήσας πόνον E.Supp. 317

; φαυλότατον ἔργον ''tis as easy as lying', Ar.Eq. 213;

φ. πρᾶγμα Id.Lys.14

;

τὸ ζήτημα οὐ φ. Pl.R. 368c

;

φ. ἐρώτημα Id.Phlb. 19a

;

φαῦλον αὐτοῖς προστάξομεν Id.R. 423c

: freq. with negat., οὐ φ., ἀλλὰ χαλεπὸν πιστεῦσαι ib. 527d;

μάχη οὐ φ. Id.Tht. 179d

;

οὐ φ. τέχνη Id.Sph. 223c

; οὔτοι βασιλέα φαῦλόν [ἐστι] κτανεῖν 'tis no slight matter to kill a king, E.El. 760; νυκτὸς γὰρ οὔτι φ. ἐμβαλεῖν στρατόν no easy matter, Id.Rh. 285;

οὐ φ. πληγαί D.54.13

;

φιλοῦσιν ἰατροὶ λέγειν τὰ φαῦλα μείζω Men.497

; φαῦλα ἐπιφέρειν bring paltry charges, Hdt.1.26; τὰ φ. νικήσας ἔχω have gained petty victories, S.Fr.41 (wrongly glossed by μέγα in Phot., Suid., and EM789.43, cf. Hsch); σύμμαχον Τροίᾳ μολόντα Ῥῆσον οὐ φαύλῳ τρόπῳ, i. e. with no trivial force, E.Rh. 599;

παρὰ φαῦλον ποιεῖσθαί τι D.H.Rh.4.2

, cf. Lib.Or.14.26. Adv. -λως εὑρεῖν, τυχεῖν, Ar.Eq. 404 (troch.), 509 (anap.);

φ. πάνυ Id.Lys. 566

(anap.); φ. ἐκφυγεῖν to get off easily, Id.Ach. 215 (lyr.);

φ. ἀποδράς Id.Th. 711

(lyr.);

φαυλότατα καὶ ῥᾷστα Id.Nu. 778

; οὔτι φαύλως ἦλθε with no trivial force, E.Ph. 112;

φ. βοηθήσειν D.15.13

;

φαύλως καὶ γλίσχρως παρείχοντο χρήματα Hell.Oxy.14.2

; τὰς ἐλπίδας φ. ἔχειν to be slight, Hdn.1.3.1.

2 simple, ordinary,

δίαιτα Hp.Fract.36

, Art.49, Eur.Fr.213.4;

σῖτα καὶ ποτὰ φαυλότατα X.Mem.1.6.2

, cf. Hp. Vict.3.68 ([comp] Comp.); but freq. with sense poor, indifferent,

στρατιά Th.6.21

; ἀσπίδες, τείχισμα, παρασκευή, Id.4.9.115, 6.31;

ἱμάτιον X.

l. c. Adv.

-λως, διατρίβειν ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ Pl.Tht. 173c

;

μὴ φ. μηδὲ ἰδιωτικῶς Id.Lg. 966e

.

3 mean, bad,

πρῆξις Democr.177

;

λόγοι E. Andr. 870

,

ψόγος Id.Ph.94

(perh. both in signf. 1.1 and in 1.3);

οὐ φ. ὄψις Pl.R. 519a

;

φ. δόξα D.24.205

;

τὰ πράγματ' ἐστὶ φ. Id.19.30

;

φαῦλα διαπεπραγμένος Philem.229

;

ὁ φαῦλα πράττων Ev.Jo.3.20

;

μηδὲ πραξάντων τι ἀγαθὸν ἢ φ. Ep.Rom.9.11

;

τὸ φ.

evil,

E.IT 390

; τὰ φ., opp. τὰ ἀγαθά, X.Smp.4.47; τύχη φ., opp. ἀγαθή, Arist.Ph. 197a26, cf. Metaph. 1065a35;

τὴν πόλιν μηθὲμ φ. παθεῖν OGI765.35

([place name] Priene); κομίσασθαι.. εἴτε ἀγαθὸν εἴτε φ., of rewards and punishments, 2 Ep.Cor.5.10;

φ. μαίωσις Sor.2.17

, cf. 1.91, al.

II of persons, low in rank, mean, common, E.Fr. 688; οἱ φαυλότατοι the commonest sort (of soldiers), Th.7.77; [γάμος] ὁ ἐκ τῶν φαυλοτέρων, opp. ἐκ μειζόνων, X.Hier.1.27, cf. Pl.R. 475b; of outward looks,

αἱ φαυλότεραι

the plainer ones,

Ar.Ec. 617

, cf. 626 ([comp] Comp., both anap.).

2 inefficient, bad,

διδάσκαλος S.Fr.771.3

; τὸ φ. καὶ τὸ μέσον καὶ τὸ πάνυ ἀκριβές the inefficient, the middling, and the perfect, Th.6.18; φ. αὐλητής, opp. ἀγαθός, Pl.Prt. 327c;

τοξότης Id.Tht. 194a

;

οὐ δὲ φαύλων ἀνδρῶν οὐδὲ τῶν ἐπιτυχόντων Id.Cra. 390d

; opp. σπουδαῖος, Isoc.1.1, Pl.Lg. 757a, etc.; esp. in point of education and accomplishments, opp.

σοφός, οἱ γὰρ ἐν σοφοῖς φαῦλοι παρ' ὄχλῳ μουσικώτεροι λέγειν E.Hipp. 989

, cf. Ph. 496, Ion 834, Pl.Smp. 174c, Alc.1.129a;

τὸ πλῆθος τὸ -ότερον E.Ba. 431

(lyr.); οἱ -ότεροι, opp. to οἱ ξυνετώτεροι, Th.3.37; οἱ φαυλότεροι γνώμην ib.83;

τὰ γράμματα φαῦλοι Pl.Phdr. 242c

(so in Adv.,

φαυλοτέρως πεπαιδευμένοι Id.Lg. 876d

); generally, inferior, Id.Grg. 483c: c. inf.,

φαῦλοι μάχεσθαι E.IT 305

; φ. λέγειν, φ. διαλεχθῆναι, Pl.Tht. 181b, Prt. 336c: of animals,

φ. κύων D.26.22

;

φαυλότατοι ἵπποι X.Mem.4.1.3

.

3 careless, thoughtless, indifferent, E.Med. 807:—esp. in Adv., φαύλως ἐκρίνατε judged lightly, A.Pers. 520;

φ. εὕδειν E.Rh. 769

;

οὐχ ὧδε φ. Id. Ion 1546

;

φ. παραινεῖν

off-hand,

Id.HF89

;

λόγισαι φαύλως μὴ ψήφοις ἀλλ' ἀπὸ χειρός

off-hand, roughly,

Ar.V. 656

(anap.);

φ. εἰπεῖν

casually,

Pl.R. 449c

; φ. φέρειν to bear lightly, E. IA 850, Ar.Av. 961.

4 in good sense, simple, unaffected,

φαῦλον, ἄκομψον, τὰ μέγιστ' ἀγαθόν E.Fr. 473

(anap.), cf. D.L.3.63. Adv.

-λως, παιδεύειν τινά

by a very simple method,

X.Oec.13.4

;

φ. καὶ βραχέως ἀποκρίνασθαι Pl.Tht. 147c

.

5 of health, etc., φαύλως ἔχειν to be ill, Hp.Aph.2.32; φ. πράττειν to be in sorry plight, Men. Sam. 165;

φ. ἔχει τὰ πράγματα D.10.3

, al.

Grammatical information: n. (- ός m.)

Meaning: `razor' (K 173).

Compounds: Rarely as 1. member, e.g. ξυρο-δόκη f. `razor-case' (Ar.); as 2. member with metr. conditioned enlargement in ὑπο-ξύριος (AP 6, 307; verse-end), prop. "what is under the ξ.", i.e. `on what a razor is wheted'. Also as backformation in ὑπό-ξυρος `a little (or below) shaved off', of the nose of an eagle etc. (Hp.), ἀπό-ξυρος `shaved off, steep', of a rock (Peripl. M. Rubr., Luc.), κατά-ξυρος adjunct of θυρίδες ('loop-holes'; Ph. Bel.), of ὑπο-, ἀπο-, κατα-ξυράω, - έω (s.b.).

Derivatives: 1. Deminut.: ξύρ-ιον (hell.), - άφιον (Gal., Sch.). 2. ξυρίας m. `provided with a tonsure, clean-shaven man' (Poll., H.). 3. ξυρίς, - ίδος f. s.v. ξιρίς. 4. Denominative verbs: a. ξυρέω (Hdt., τrag. a. Att.), ξυράω, - άομαι (Hdt., Plu.), ξύρω. - ομαι, aor. ξῦραι, - ασθαι (Hp., hell.), also with prefix, e.g. ἀπο-, ὑπο-, κατα-, `shave clean' with ξύρησις f. `shaving' (LXX), - ήσιμος `good for shaving' (Ael. Dion.), ξυρησμός m. `id.' (Hdn.), ξυρητής m. `barber' (pap.) ; b. ξυρίζω = - έω (Sch.) with ξύρισμα n. `shaving' (Tz.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [586] * ksuro- `razor'

Etymology: Old inherited word identical with Skt. kṣurá- m. `razor', IE *ksuró- (on the original meaning Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 61 w. lit.). Because of the limited spread of the word Specht KZ 66, 9ff. and Lexis 3, 70 wants to see in kṣurá- = ξυρόν a common LW [loanword] from an unknown south-eastern source. Wellargued objections by Thieme Die Heimat d. idg. Gemeinspr. 49 f., Fraenkel Glotta 32, 24 f. w. n. 3, Dehò Ist. Lomb. 91, 349 f. -- For further connections s. ξύω.

Page in Frisk: 2,

εὔνοια, ας, ἡ (s. prec. entry; Aeschyl., Hdt.+; also Aristot. EN 1166ab; ins, pap, LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 161; Ath., R. 48, 22) gener. ‘goodwill’.

① a kindly supportive feeling, favor, affection, benevolence (Diod S 1, 51, 5; 1, 54, 1; Jos., Bell. 4, 213, Ant. 11, 132; 18, 376) ἡ κατὰ θεὸν εὔ. (your) godly benevolence ITr 1:2. εὔ. εἴς τινα affection for someone (Thu. 2, 8, 4 al.; SIG 390, 18; 2 Macc 9:26; 11:19) MPol 17:3. ἐπὶ εὐνοίᾳ τῶν ἀδελφῶν upon the affection of the members (of the gathered group = fellowship) AcPl Ha 6, 10. Abstr. for concr. παρακαλῶ ὑμᾶς, μὴ εὔ. ἄκαιρος γένησθέ μοι I beg of you, do not show (lit. be to) me an unseasonable kindness IRo 4:1 (cp. the proverb ἄκαιρος εὔνοιʼ οὐδὲν ἔχθρας διαφέρει [Zenob., Paroem. 1, 50]). ὀφειλομένη εὔ. (s. ὀφείλω 2aα) 1 Cor 7:3 v.l.

② a positive attitude exhibited in a relationship, good attitude, willingness (common term in diplomatic documents in ref. to positive attitudes displayed by a person, city, or state: SIG 799, 27 σπουδὴ καὶ εὔ. ‘readiness and goodwill’; BGU 1121, 19 [5 B.C.]; s. also, e.g., the numerous reff. in IPriene, index VIII p. 277) as a virtue of slaves (POxy 494, 6 [156 A.D.]; cp. Lucian, Bis Accus. 16) μετʼ εὐνοίας δουλεύοντες Eph 6:7 (on μετʼ εὐ. cp. Pla., Phdr. 241c; Demosth. 18, 276; SIG 330, 8; Sir prol. 1:16).—ESkard, Zwei Religiös-Politische Begriffe, Euergetes-Concordia ’32, 29–35. Larfeld I 495–99. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ἀντέχω fut. ἀνθέξομαι; 2 aor. 3 sg. ἀντέσχε 4 Macc. 7:4 (ἀντί, ἔχω; in our lit. only in the mid., which is quotable fr. Pindar’s time, and common in the Hellenistic era [Nägeli 54]).

① to have a strong attachment to someone or someth., cling to, hold fast to, be devoted to τινός (PTebt 40, 9; POxy 1230, 30; PStras 74, 18; also s. Preis.; Is 56:2, 4, 6; Jer 2:8; 1 Macc 15:34 [hold fast to]; Pr 4:6; Jer 8:2 [be devoted to]; Jos., Bell. 4, 323; Ar. [Milne 74, 7]; Tat. 27, 1) ἑνὸς ἀνθέξεται will be devoted to the one Mt 6:24; Lk 16:13 (cp. Pind., N. 1, 33 ἀντ. Ἡρακλέος). τῶν ἀγαθῶν τ. μελλόντων hold fast to the good things to come Hv 1, 1, 8. τοῦ πιστοῦ λόγου cling to the trustworthy message Tit 1:9 (cp. Ael. Aristid. 36, 112 K.=48 p. 484 D.: ἀληθείας ἀντέχεσθαι; POxy 1203, 30 al.: τῶν δικαίων ἄ.). Since the last passage concerns an eccl. superintendent, who could be expected to do more than hold fast to correct instruction, perh. mng. 2 is to be preferred.

② to have strong interest in, hence help τινός someone or someth. (Diod S 2, 33, 3; 3, 71, 4; 14, 4, 5 al.; TestNapht 8:4; UPZ 170 [127/26 B.C.] A, 24=B, 23 οὐθενὸς δικαίου ἀντεχόμενοι [also s. Preis.]; Dt 32:41; Pr 3:18; Zeph 1:6; Jos., Ant. 20, 120) ἀ. τῶν ἀσθενῶν 1 Th 5:14.—M-M s.v. ἀντέχομαι. TW.

λεκτικός, ή, όν,

A good at speaking, able to speak, X.Mem.4.3.1, Cyr. 5.5.46 ([comp] Sup.); ἡ -κή (sc. τέχνη) the art of speaking, Pl.Plt. 304d.

II suited for speaking, οἱ λ. τῶν λόγων speeches in common colloquial style, opp. ποιητικῶς συγκείμενοι, D.61.2;

μάλιστα λ. τῶν μέτρων τὸ ἰαμβεῖόν ἐστι Arist.Po. 1449a24

, cf. Rh. 1408b33. Adv. - κῶς in prose, D.H.Comp.25.

2 related to expression, stylistic, ὁ λ. τόπος the province of expression, ib.1, 4; opp. πραγματικός, of style, opp. matter,

ἀρεταί Id.Pomp.1

;

μέρος Id.Th.34

.

III Adv. - κῶς with the force of a word, of the termination - θεν, A.D.Adv.195.16; verbally, Stoic.3.214.

φάτις [pron. full] [ᾰ], ἡ: acc. φάτιν: voc.

A

φάτι S.OT 151

(lyr.),

φάτις Id.Aj. 173

(lyr.): [var] contr. acc. pl.

φάτῑς Pi.P.3.112

(s.v.l.): not found in any other cases: ([etym.] φηυί):—poet. Noun, used also by Hdt.,

I voice from heaven (not in Hom.), oracle,

φ. Διός S.OT 151

(lyr.), cf. 1440, E.Supp. 834 (lyr.);

ἀπὸ θεσφάτων τίς ἀγαθὰ φ. βροτοῖς στέλλεται; A.Ag. 1132

(lyr.);

ἀπ' οἰωνῶν S.OT 310

;

Μουσάων Ar.Av. 924

(lyr.); of a dream, A.Pers. 227 (troch.); of the interpreter of dreams, ib. 521.

2 voice or saying among men, common talk, rumour,

αἰσχυνόμενοι φάτιν ἀνδρῶν ἠδὲ γυναικῶν Od.21.323

, cf. Sol.2.3; φ. ἀνθρώπους ἀναβαίνει ἐσθλή good report. Od.6.29;

εὐκλεής E.Fr. 242

;

φ. βαρεῖα A.Ag. 456

(lyr.); ἐπίψογος ib. 611;

κακά S.Aj. 186

(lyr.); φ. ἔτυμος, νημερτής, E.IA 794 (lyr.), Lyc.1051; μαψίδιος, ψευδής, E.Hel. 251 (lyr.), AP7.239 (Parmen.); in Doric Prose, PSI9.1091.5: c. gen. objecti, φ. μνηστήρων a report of the suitors, Od.23.362: but κατὰ τῶν ἱρέων τὴν φάτιν as the priests' story runs, Hdt.2.102;

ὡς φ. ὅρμηται Id.7.189

;

φ. κρατεῖ A.Supp. 294

;

ὥσπερ ἡ φ. S.OT 715

;

ὡς φ. ἀνδρῶν Id.Ant. 829

(lyr.);

οὕτω φ. αὐδᾷ E. Ion 225

(lyr.): ἡ φ. μιν ἔχει the report goes of him.., Hdt.7.3, cf. 8.94;

ἐχθρὰ Φάλαριν κατέχει φάτις Pi.P. 1.96

: reversely, in same sense,

ἔχει τινὰ φάτιν ἀνὴρ Ἐφέσιος Hdt.9.84

, cf. E.Hel.l. c.: φάτιν ἀγγέλλειν, φέρειν, Batr. 138, A.Ag.9, etc.;

ἆραι S.Aj. 191

(lyr.); καταβαλεῖν φ. ὡς .. Hdt.1.122;

κλύειν φάτιν S.Aj. 850

; φ. ἐπέρχεται, ἦλθέ τινι, Id.Ant. 700, E.Hipp. 130 (lyr.); ἐς τοὺς δήμους φ. ἀπίκετο ὡς .. Hdt.1.60; ἐνθεῦτεν φ. κεχώρηκε ib. 122;

ἦ σ' ἐπίανέν τις ἄπτερος φ.; A.Ag. 276

; proverb,

φ. αὐτοῖσιν μαρτυρεῖ Heraclit.34

(cf. Trag.Adesp.517).

3 subject of a saying or report, Νέστορα καὶ Σαρπαδόν', ἀνθρώπων φάτις themes of many a tale, Pi.P.3.112 (s. v. l.); δέρκομαι φάτιν ἄφραστον a thing unspeakable, S.Tr. 693.

II speech. words, of a single person, Id.Ph. 1045, El. 329, 1213.

2 speech, language,

Ἕλλην' ἐπίσταμαι φάτιν A.Ag. 1254

.

III a name, Id.Fr.6.

πρόθυμος, ον (cp. προθυμία; Soph., Hdt.+. Freq. of public-spirited pers.) pert. to being eager to be of service, ready, willing, eager, of the spirit (opp. ἡ σὰρξ ἀσθενής) Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38=Pol 7:2. πρ. εἴς τι (Thu. et al.; OGI 221, 61; Hab 1:8) πρόθυμος εἰς ἀγαθοποιί̈αν eager for doing good 1 Cl 34:2 (the formulation πρ. … εἰς, with some term expressive of public service is common in honorary decrees, e.g. IMagnMai 89, 38; IPriene 99, 23; 108, 313 al. τὰ συμφέροντα). πρόθυμον εἶναι w. inf. foll. Hm 12, 5, 1. Gener. willing, eager w. ἱλαρός Hs 9, 2, 4 (cp. IK XXX, 14, 22f).—The subst. neut. τὸ πρόθυμον desire, eagerness (Eur., Med. 178; Thu. 3, 82, 8; Pla., Leg. 9, 859b; Herodian 8, 3, 5; Jos., Ant. 4, 42; 213; 3 Macc 5:26) τὸ κατʼ ἐμὲ πρόθυμον my eagerness (κατά B 7b) Ro 1:15.—M-M. TW. Spicq.

λαλιά, ᾶς, ἡ (Aristoph.+, mostly in an unfavorable sense= ‘gossip, common talk’; so also Sb 2266, 13) in our lit. always in a good sense.

① content of speech, speech, speaking (Epict. 3, 16, 1; Himerius, Or. 64 [=Or. 18] superscription [of a speech by Himerius]; Ps.-Callisth. 1, 17, 3; Is 11:3; SSol 4:3; Job 33:1; 2 Macc 8:7; TestReub 2:6; GrBar 6:16; Jos., Bell. 2, 132) οὐκ εἰσὶν λόγοι οὐδὲ λαλιαί there is neither word nor speech 1 Cl 27:7 (Ps 18:4). διὰ τ. σὴν λ. because of what you said J 4:42.

② manner of expressing oneself, form of speech, way of speaking (Hellen. acc. to Moeris 203 P.).

ⓐ lit., of dialectal peculiarities Mt 26:73; Mk 14:70 v.l. (s. Zahn, Einl. I³ 19.—Similarly Ps.-Callisth. 2, 15, 7 of Alexander at the Persian court: ἡ φωνὴ αὐτὸν ἤλεγξε; cp. γλῶ̣[ττα] in this sense Acta Alex. III, col. 3, 12).

ⓑ of the characteristic way in which Jesus spoke J 8:43.—DELG s.v. λαλέω. M-M.