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he+wound+up+for+the+government

  • 21 reel

    I [riːl]
    nome (for cable, film, tape) bobina f.; (of thread) rocchetto m.; pesc. mulinello m.

    reel-to-reel — [ tape recorder] a bobine

    ••

    off the reelAE senza posa, tutto d'un fiato

    II 1. [riːl] 2.
    verbo intransitivo (sway) [ person] vacillare, barcollare
    III [riːl]
    nome = danza popolare scozzese
    * * *
    [ri:l] 1. noun
    1) (a round wheel-shaped or cylindrical object of wood, metal etc on which thread, film, fishing-lines etc can be wound: a reel of sewing-cotton; He changed the reel in the projector.) bobina
    2) ((the music for) a type of lively Scottish, Irish or American dance: The fiddler played a reel; to dance a reel.) reel
    2. verb
    (to stagger; to sway; to move in an unsteady way: The drunk man reeled along the road; My brain was reeling with all the information that he gave me.) barcollare; girare
    - reel off
    * * *
    I [riːl]
    nome (for cable, film, tape) bobina f.; (of thread) rocchetto m.; pesc. mulinello m.

    reel-to-reel — [ tape recorder] a bobine

    ••

    off the reelAE senza posa, tutto d'un fiato

    II 1. [riːl] 2.
    verbo intransitivo (sway) [ person] vacillare, barcollare
    III [riːl]
    nome = danza popolare scozzese

    English-Italian dictionary > reel

  • 22 head

    [hed]
    n
    1) голова, череп
    See:

    The water was over his head. — Вода была ему выше головы.

    She has a good head for heights. — Она хорошо переносит высоту.

    She has no head for heights. — Она не переносит высоту.

    His proud, noble head bowed to nothing. — Он ни перед чем не склонял своей гордой, благородной головы.

    I want a covering for the head. — Мне надо что-нибудь, чем покрыть голову.

    He felt a sharp pain in his head. — Он почувствовал резкую боль в голове.

    It cost him his head. — Это стоило ему головы/жизни.

    to be/to sit at the head of the table — сидеть во главе стола/сидеть на почетном месте за столом;

    Two heads are better than one. — Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

    I cannot make head or tail of it. — Ничего не возможно разобрать/понять.

    - shaven head
    - majestic head
    - bumpy head
    - shaking head
    - sore head
    - grey head
    - elegant head
    - egg-shaped head
    - irregular head
    - heavy head
    - curly head
    - bristling head
    - nodding head
    - drooping head
    - giddy head
    - bruised head
    - bloody head head
    - bleeding head
    - hot head
    - hooded head
    - feathered head
    - patient's head
    - horse's head
    - head net
    - head phone
    - head piece
    - sharp pain in the back of one's head
    - bandage on the head
    - constant buzzing in the head
    - blow knock on the head
    - nod of the head
    - shake of the head
    - crown of the head
    - sharp pain in smb's head
    - head with hair
    - head of classical form and beauty
    - head from a doll
    - head of hair
    - good head of hair
    - with a heavy head
    - with a feeling of dullness in one's head
    - with confusion in one's head
    - over the heads of others
    - from head to foot
    - with a bare head
    - with an uncovered head
    - with a bruise on the head
    - aim at smb's head
    - balance smth on one's head
    - bandage smb's head
    - apply a bandage to smb's head
    - be taller by a head
    - be head over ears in debt
    - beat oneself on the head with one's fist
    - beat smb's head off
    - bend one's head over the book
    - bite smb's head off
    - hang one's head in confusion
    - hang one's head down
    - hang one's head on one's chest
    - bow one's head in admiration
    - bow one's head to the ground
    - give one's head for a washing
    - brandish a sword over one's head
    - bring down a sword over smb's head
    - break one's head
    - bump one's head against smth
    - bump heads together
    - bury one's head in one's hands
    - bury one's head in the sand
    - chuck one's head to avoid the blow
    - complain of a throbbing pain in the head
    - cover one's head to protect it from the sun
    - cradle smb's head in one's breasts
    - cross one's hands behind one's head
    - cry one's head off
    - cut off smb's head
    - cut one's head open
    - dip one's head into the water
    - do smth standing on one's head
    - do smth over smb's head
    - give orders over smb's head
    - give answers over smb's head
    - sell a house over smb's head
    - draw one's head into one's shoulders
    - drop one's head on one's breast
    - fall head first
    - fall head over heels
    - fall on one's head
    - feel heavy in the head
    - feel one's head
    - get a bump on the head
    - go about with one's head high in the air
    - give one's head for smth, state one's head on smth
    - go queer in the head
    - have a good head for heights
    - have a strong head for drink
    - have pain in one's head
    - hit one's head on the wall
    - hit one's head against smth
    - hit smb on the head
    - hurt one's head
    - hold one's head up
    - hold one's head with one's hands
    - injure one's head
    - keep one's head above ground
    - keep jerking one's head
    - keep one's head covered
    - lay one's head on smb's chest
    - lift up one's head
    - look smb over from head to foot
    - nod one's head
    - nod one's head in greeting
    - plunge head over heels into the fighting
    - pull one's hat down on the head
    - pull the blanket over one's head
    - put one's head out of the window
    - put one's head in a noose
    - raise one's head
    - rest one's head on the pillow
    - scratch one's head
    - scream one's head off
    - seize one's head in one's hands
    - set a price on smb's head
    - shake one's head
    - shake one's head at smth
    - sit with one's head propped on one's hand
    - snap smb's head off
    - stand on one's head
    - stand with bare heads
    - stand with one's head down
    - stand with averted head
    - stand smth on its head
    - stick one's head in the door
    - stroke smb on the head
    - talk smb's head off
    - talk one's head off
    - throw one's head back
    - tip one's head to one side
    - toss one's head up
    - toss one's head in pride
    - toss one's head in dissent
    - touch one's head to the ground
    - tremble from head to foot
    - turn away one's head
    - turn one's head towards smb
    - walk with one's head high
    - wear nothing on one's head
    - work one's head off
    - wound smb in the head
    - head sitting deep between the shoulders
    - head covered with a kerchief
    2) руководитель, глава, начальник

    I must telephone the head office. — Мне надо позвонить в центр.

    - executive head
    - titular head
    - administrative head
    - military head
    - family head
    - union heads
    - learned heads
    - head teacher
    - head gardener
    - head nurse
    - head surgeon
    - head-cook
    - head waiter
    - head workman
    - head electrician
    - head office
    - head master
    - department head
    - royal heads of Europe
    - head of the delegation
    - head of the tribe
    - head of the department
    - heads of all states
    - Head of the Government
    - Head of the Army
    - head of the expedition
    - under a competent head
    - be at the head of smth
    - put smb at the head of the movement
    - be at the head of the whole business
    - stand at the head of all nations in matters of art
    - be at the head of the epoch
    - be at the head of the field
    - be at the head of the race
    - those at the head of the whole business
    3) ум, интеллект, умственные способности; (а.) a clear (bright, logical) head светлый (ясный, логичный) ум

    The problem is over/beuond our heads. — Нам эту проблему не понять.

    He talked over our heads. — То, что он говорил, не доходило до/было выше нашего понимания.

    He is positively/quite out of his head. — Он определенно выжил из ума.

    Such an idea never entered my head. — Такая мысль мне никогда не приходила в голову/на ум.

    I can't get that into his head. — Я не могу ему этого растолковать/втолковать.

    He made it up out of his own head. — Он все это сам придумал/очинил/выдумал.

    (b) a wise head — умница/мудрая голова/умник;

    the wiser heads — мудрецы;

    a hot head — горячая голова/вспыльчивый человек;

    a wooden head — тупица;

    a competent head — знающий человек;

    to have a good head upon one's shoulders — иметь хорошую голову на плечах/быть умным;

    to have an old head on young shoulders — иметь здравый смысл/быть не по годам умудрённым

    - steady head
    - cool head
    - level head
    - bother one's head about smth
    - be over smb's head
    - get a swollen head
    - be over the heads of the pupils
    - come to smb's head
    - do smth off the top of one's head
    - do calculations in one's head
    - fill one's head with trifles
    - give smb his head
    - have a good head for figures
    - have a head for details
    - have no head for names
    - have a good head for politics
    - keep a level head
    - keep one's head
    - keep one's head shut
    - keep smth in one's head
    - keep a cool head in emergencies
    - lose one's head
    - be of one's head
    - be off one's head about smb
    - have a good head on one's shoulders
    - have an old head on young shoulders
    - put smth into smb's head
    - put ideas into smb's head
    - put two heads together
    - puzzle one's head about smth
    - show much head for business
    - take smth into one's head
    - turn smb's head with flattery
    - trouble one's head about smth
    - use one's head
    - write out of one's head
    4) скот, голова скота (единица счёта), поголовье скота; 20 heads of deer двадцать голов оленей
    - large head of game
    - consumption of milk per head of the population
    5) верхняя главная часть предмета, верх, верхушка, верхняя часть, головная часть, передняя часть, головка, шляпка

    We'll have to knock in the head of the barrel. — Нам придется пробить верх бочки.

    heads I win, tails I lose. — Орел - я выигрываю, решка - проигрываю.

    Coins often bear the head of a famous ruler. — На монетах нередко высечена голова известного правителя.

    - forked head
    - wooden head
    - tape-recorder head
    - pit head
    - pointed arrow head
    - axe head
    - missile head
    - pin head
    - figure head
    - crumpled head
    - head tide
    - head wind
    - head lights
    - head stone
    - head land
    - head division of a parade
    - head of the bed
    - head of the column
    - head of the river
    - head of the bay
    - head of a hammer
    - head of a rail
    - head of a violin
    - head of cane
    - head of the stairs
    - head of the barrel
    - head of barley
    - head of a rock
    - head of a peer
    - mountain head overgrown by shrubbery
    - nails with a wide head
    - bolts with a square head
    - axe with a heavy head
    - glass of beer with a good head on it
    - car with a folding head
    - at the head of a page
    - at the head of the list
    - stand at the head of the bay
    - boil is gathering head
    6) раздел, рубрика, параграф, пункт, заголовок

    The story has a double head. — У рассказа двойное название.

    He arranged his speech under four main heads. — Он разбил свою речь на четыре основных пункта/раздела.

    It may be included under this head. — Это может быть включено в этот параграф/раздел.

    It comes/it is kept/it is included under the head of "miscellavous". — Это помещено в параграфе "разное".

    To hit the nail on the head. — Попасть в самую точку. /Попасть не в бровь, а в глаз.

    Two heads are better than one. — Ум хорошо, а два лучше. /Одна голова хорошо, а две лучше.

    To toss heads or tails. — Бросать жребий.

    I cannot make head or tail of it. — Не могу ничего понять/разобрать.

    - heads of chapters
    - document arranged under five heads
    - under two colums head
    - group the facts under three heads
    - remark on this head
    - speak on this head
    - treat the subject under three main heads
    USAGE:
    See arm, n; USAGE (1.).

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > head

  • 23 come

    I 1. [kʌm] гл.; прош. вр. came; прич. прош. вр. come
    1) приходить, подходить; идти

    to come back — вернуться, возвратиться

    to come forward — выходить вперёд, выступать

    I think it's time to come back to the most important question: who is to pay for the new building? — Я думаю, пора вернуться к самому важному вопросу - кто оплатит строительство нового здания?

    We'd like to come back next year. — На следующий год мы бы хотели снова приехать сюда.

    He'll never come back to her. — Он никогда к ней не вернётся.

    Just then a bus came by so we got on and rode home. — Мимо как раз проезжал автобус, мы сели и доехали до дома.

    Move aside, please, the firemen want to come by. — Расступитесь, пожалуйста, пожарным нужно пройти.

    Godfather, come and see your boy. — Крёстный отец, подойдите же и посмотрите на своего мальчика.

    Mary came down the stairs. — Мэри спустилась по лестнице.

    The plane came down safely in spite of the mist. — Самолёт благополучно приземлился, несмотря на туман.

    Leave them alone and they'll come home, bringing their tails behind them. — Оставь их в покое и они вернутся с поджатыми хвостами.

    She comes and goes at her will. — Она приходит и уходит, когда ей заблагорассудится.

    A tall man came out from behind the screen. — Из-за перегородки вышел высокий мужчина.

    The family must come together for the parents' silver wedding. — На серебряную свадьбу родителей должна собраться вся семья.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    go 1., leave II
    2)
    а) приезжать, прибывать

    We have come many miles by train. — Мы приехали на поезде издалека.

    Syn:
    б) = come in / through прибывать (о поезде, пароходе)
    Syn:
    Ant:
    leave II
    3) ( come into) = come in входить

    The door opened and the children came into the room. — Открылась дверь, и в комнату вошли дети.

    "Come in!" called the director when he heard the knock at his door. — "Войдите!" - сказал директор, услышав стук в дверь.

    Syn:
    4) = come in поступать ( об информации)

    News of the death of the famous actress began coming in just as we were starting the broadcast. — К началу передачи пришло известие о смерти знаменитой актрисы.

    I haven't a lot of money coming in just now. — У меня сейчас не очень большие доходы.

    Syn:
    Ant:
    5)
    а) доходить, доставать, достигать

    The window came down to the ground. — Окно доходило до земли.

    б) доходить, долетать, доноситься

    A message came down to the boys that they were to be ready. — Мальчикам передали, чтобы они приготовились.

    The wind came off the ocean. — С океана дул ветер.

    A pleasant female voice came over the phone. — В трубке послышался приятный женский голос.

    Syn:
    reach I 2.
    6) = come out at равняться, составлять; простираться (до какого-л. предела, границы)

    The bill comes to 357 pounds. — Счёт составляет 357 фунтов.

    Overall costs come out at 5,709 dollars. — Общие издержки составят 5709 долларов.

    7) ( come to) = come down to сводиться (к чему-л.)

    His speech comes to this: the country is deeply in debt. — Вся его речь сводится к одному: страна увязла в долгах.

    When it all comes down, there isn't much in his story. — По большому счёту, в его истории нет ничего особенного.

    The whole matter comes down to a power struggle between the trade union and the directors. — Всё сводится к противостоянию профсоюза и совета директоров.

    Syn:
    8) приходить в соприкосновение с (чем-л.), вступать в связь с (чем-л.)

    to come into contact with smth. — дотрагиваться до чего-л.

    The carbines will come into play. — В игру вступят карабины.

    The boat came into collision with a steamer. — Лодка столкнулась с пароходом.

    9) переходить в другое состояние, фазу

    to come into blossom / flower — распускаться, раскрываться ( о цветке); зацвести ( о дереве)

    10) ( come to) приступать к (какому-л. делу), обращаться к (какому-л. вопросу)

    Now I come to the question which you asked. — Теперь я перехожу к вопросу, который вы задали.

    11) = come about / along случаться, происходить (с кем-л. / чем-л.)

    come what may — будь, что будет

    to have it coming to one — заслуживать того, что с ним случается ( о человеке)

    I'm sorry he got caught by the police, but after all, he had it coming (to him), didn't he? — Мне очень жаль, что его арестовали, но ведь он сам во всём виноват, не так ли?

    Don't know what will come of the boy if he keeps failing his examinations. — Не знаю, что станет с этим парнем, если он и дальше будет проваливаться на экзаменах.

    Peace can only come about if each side agrees to yield to the other. — Мир настанет только тогда, когда обе стороны пойдут на уступки.

    How did it come about that the man was dismissed? — Как так случилось, что его уволили?

    Trouble comes along when you least expect it. — Неприятности происходят именно тогда, когда их меньше всего ждёшь.

    Take every chance that comes along. — Пользуйся любой предоставляющейся возможностью.

    Syn:
    12) ( come to)
    а) приходить (в какое-л. состояние); достигать (каких-л. результатов)

    A compromise was come to. — Был достигнут компромисс.

    The boy has no character, he will never come to much. — У этого парня слабый характер, он ничего особенного не добьётся в жизни.

    I'm disappointed that my efforts have come to so little. — Я разочарован, что мои усилия принесли так мало результатов.

    б) = come down to опуститься (до чего-л.), докатиться

    He came down to selling matches on street corners. — Он докатился до того, что торгует спичками на улицах.

    13) делаться, становиться

    a dream that came true — мечта, ставшая явью

    14) предстоять, ожидаться

    (which is) to come — грядущий; будущий

    15) появляться, встречаться

    This word comes on page 200. — Это слово встречается на странице 200.

    16) = come up прорастать, всходить

    He sowed turnips, but none of them came. — Он посеял репу, но она не взошла.

    17) груб.; = come off кончить ( испытать оргазм)
    18) получаться, выходить

    He repainted the figure, but it wouldn't come well. — Он заново нарисовал фигуру, но она всё равно не получилась.

    No good could come of it. — Из этого не могло получиться ничего хорошего.

    19) = come in поставляться ( о товарах); поступать в продажу

    The car comes with or without the rear wing. — Машина поставляется в двух модификациях - с задним крылом и без заднего крыла.

    These shoes come with a 30 day guarantee. — Эти туфли продаются с гарантией на один месяц.

    The new crop of tobacco will be coming in soon. — Скоро в продаже появится новый урожай табака.

    As soon as the fresh vegetables come in, we put them on sale. — Как только к нам поступают свежие овощи, мы сразу выставляем их на продажу.

    20) разг.; = come along / on
    а) давай, двигай вперёд

    Come along, children, or we'll be late! — Поторапливайтесь, дети, а то опоздаем!

    Come along, Jane, you can do better than that. — Давай, Джейн, постарайся, ты же можешь сделать лучше.

    б) ври дальше; мели, Емеля, твоя неделя

    Oh, come along! I know better than that! — Кому вы рассказываете! Я лучше знаю.

    в) стой, погоди
    21) come + прич. наст. вр. (начать) делать что-л. ( указанное причастием)

    The fog came pouring in at every chink and keyhole. (Ch. Dickens, Christmas Carol, 1843) — Туман заползал в каждую щель, просачивался в каждую замочную скважину. (пер. Т. Озерской)

    22) come + инф. прийти к чему-л.; дойти до того, чтобы сделать что-л.

    to come to know smb. better — лучше узнать кого-л.

    to come to find out — случайно обнаружить, узнать

    23) = come next / on идти, следовать за (кем-л. / чем-л.)

    I can never remember which king came after which. — Никогда не мог запомнить, какой король шёл за каким.

    Mrs Brown was the first to arrive, and her daughter came next. — Первой приехала миссис Браун, затем - её дочь.

    I'll go ahead, and you come on later. — Сначала пойду я, потом ты.

    The military government refused to allow the people their right to vote, what came next was violence. — Военное правительство отказало людям в праве голосовать, и в результате начались беспорядки.

    My family comes first, and my work comes next. — На первом месте для меня семья, на втором - работа.

    Syn:
    24) ( come after) преследовать кого-л., гнаться за кем-л., искать кого-л., домогаться кого-л.

    I saw a big dog coming after me. — Я увидел, что за мной гонится огромная собака.

    25) ( come at) нападать, набрасываться на кого-л.

    He allegedly came at Jim with a knife. — Как утверждают, он напал на Джима с ножом.

    26) ( come at) получить доступ к чему-л., добраться до кого-л. / чего-л.; найти, обнаружить, установить (правду, причины, факты)

    Put the food where the cat can't come at it. — Положи еду туда, где её не достанет кошка.

    I wanted to reply to your letter in detail, but I can't come at it anywhere. — Я хотел подробно ответить на ваше письмо, но нигде не могу его найти.

    It is always difficult to come at the truth. — Всегда трудно докопаться до истины.

    27) ( come before) предшествовать чему-л.

    Did the invention of the telephone come before the end of the 19th century? — Телефон изобрели ещё до конца девятнадцатого века?

    28) ( come before) превосходить кого-л. рангом; быть более важным, чем что-л.

    Consideration of a fellow worker's health must come before my own professional pride. — Я должен прежде думать о здоровье коллеги и лишь потом о собственной профессиональной гордости.

    29) ( come before) представать (перед судом или какой-л. официальной организацией); рассматриваться ( в суде)

    When you come before the judge, you must speak the exact truth. — Когда ты говоришь в суде, ты должен говорить чистую правду.

    The witness of the accident did not come before the court. — Свидетель этого происшествия не предстал перед судом.

    Your suggestion came before the board of directors yesterday, but I haven't heard the result of their meeting. — Ваше предложение было рассмотрено советом директоров вчера, но я не знаю, каков был результат.

    Syn:
    30) ( come between) вмешиваться в чьи-л. дела, вставать между кем-л.; вызывать отчуждение, разделять

    Never come between husband and wife. — Никогда не вставай между мужем и женой.

    Ten years of separation have come between them. — Их разделяли десять лет разлуки.

    Syn:
    31) ( come between) мешать кому-л. в чём-л.

    I don't like people who come between me and my work. — Я не люблю людей, которые мешают мне работать.

    32) ( come by) доставать, приобретать, находить

    It is not easy to come by a high paying job. — Не так-то просто найти высокооплачиваемую работу.

    Syn:
    33) ( come by) (случайно) получать (царапину, травму)
    Syn:
    34) ( come for) заходить за кем-л. / чем-л.

    I've come for my parcel. — Я пришёл за своей посылкой.

    I'll come for you at 8 o'clock. — Я зайду за тобой в 8 часов.

    35) ( come for) бросаться на кого-л.

    The guard dog came for me. — Сторожевая собака бросилась ко мне.

    36) (come from / of) происходить, иметь происхождение

    These words come from Latin. — Эти слова латинского происхождения.

    I came from a race of fishers. — Я из рыбацкого рода.

    He comes from a long line of singers. — Он происходит из старинного рода певцов.

    A butterfly comes from a chrysalis. — Бабочка появляется из куколки.

    She comes of a good family. — Она происходит из хорошей семьи.

    37) (come from / of) = come out from, come out of проистекать из чего-л., получаться в результате чего-л.; появляться (откуда-л.)

    Danger comes from unexpected places. — Опасность появляется оттуда, откуда не ожидаешь.

    I don't know what will come of your actions. — Не знаю, к чему приведут ваши действия.

    Syn:
    38) = come in
    а) прибывать (на работу, в учреждение), поступать ( в больницу)
    б) ( come into) вступать ( в должность), приступать ( к новым обязанностям)
    39)
    а) ( come to) = come down доставаться, переходить по наследству

    This painting belongs to us. It came through my mother. — Эта картина принадлежит нам. Она досталась мне от матери.

    The house came to me after my father's death. — Этот дом перешёл ко мне после смерти отца.

    This ring has come down in my family for two centuries. — Это кольцо передаётся в нашей семье по наследству уже два века.

    б) ( come into) получать в наследство, наследовать

    Charles came into a fortune when his father died. — Когда отец умер, Чарлз получил состояние.

    Syn:
    40) ( come into) присоединяться, вступать ( в организацию)

    Several new members have come into the club since Christmas. — С Рождества в клуб приняли несколько новых членов.

    41) ( come near) разг. быть на грани чего-л.; чуть не сделать что-л.

    The boy came near (to) falling off the high wall. — Мальчик едва не свалился с высокой стены.

    42) ( come on) снять трубку, ответить ( по телефону)

    One of the most powerful men in France came on the line. — В трубке раздался голос одного из самых влиятельных людей во Франции.

    43) (come over / (up)on) охватывать (кого-л.)

    Fear came upon him as he entered the empty house. — Когда он зашёл в пустой дом, его охватил страх.

    44) ( come through) проникать, просачиваться; пролезать, просовываться

    The first light came through the open window. — Первые лучи солнца проникли через открытое окно.

    45) ( come through) перенести, пережить (что-л. неприятное или тяжёлое); пройти через что-л.

    Bill came through his operation as cheerful as ever. — Билл перенёс операцию как обычно бодро.

    All my family came through the war. — Вся моя семья пережила войну.

    46) ( come through) = come out появляться (из-за туч; о солнце, луне, лучах)

    The sun came through the clouds for a while. — Солнце ненадолго выглянуло из-за туч.

    There was a wisp of sun coming through the mist. — Сквозь туман пробивался солнечный луч.

    47) (come across / to) приходить на ум; становиться известным (кому-л.)

    to come to smb.'s attention / notice — доходить до кого-л., становиться известным кому-л.

    It came to my knowledge that... — Я узнал, что…

    After ruminating about it for a period of time, suddenly it came to me how it could be done. — После долгих размышлений меня осенило, как можно это сделать.

    The thought came across my mind that I had met him before. — Тут мне показалось, что я видел его раньше.

    48) ( come under) подчиняться, находиться в ведении (какой-л. организации)

    This area comes under the powers of the local court. — Эта сфера подпадает под юрисдикцию местного суда.

    49) (come under / within) относиться (к чему-л.), попадать (в какой-л. раздел, категорию)

    all the paperwork that comes under the general heading of insurance — вся канцелярская работа, связанная со страхованием

    50) ( come under) подвергаться (нападению, критике, давлению)

    The town came under attack again last night. — Прошлой ночью на город снова напали.

    He came unber biting criticism at the last meeting. — На последнем собрании он подвергся жестокой критике.

    51) (come across / upon) натолкнуться на (что-л.), неожиданно найти (что-л.), случайно встретить (кого-л.)

    I came across this old photograph in the back of the drawer. — Я случайно обнаружил эту старую фотографию на дне секретера.

    A very interesting book has come across my desk. — На моём столе случайно оказалась очень интересная книга.

    Syn:
    а) нападать, атаковать

    The enemy came upon the town by night. — Враг атаковал город ночью.

    б) налетать, обрушиваться (на кого-л. / что-л.)

    The wind with lightening and thunder came on them. — На них налетел ветер с громом и молнией.

    ••

    light come light go — что досталось легко, быстро исчезает

    Come again?разг. Что ты сказал?

    to come into being / existence — возникать

    to come into season — созревать, появляться в продаже

    to come into service / use — входить в употребление

    to come into sight / view — появляться, показываться

    to come to oneself — прийти в себя; взять себя в руки

    to come to a dead endразг. зайти в тупик

    to come to one's feet — вскочить, подняться

    not to know whether / if one is coming or going — растеряться, чувствовать себя потерянным; не знать, на каком ты свете

    I'm so upset I don't know whether I'm coming or going. — Я так расстроен, что уж и не знаю, что делать.

    - come close
    - come easy
    - come natural
    - come it too strong
    - come of age
    - come one's ways
    - come one's way
    - come clean
    - come short of smth.
    - come home
    - come to a head
    - come to hand
    - come day go day
    2. [kʌm] предл.; разг.
    с наступлением, с приходом ( момента)

    ... but come summer, the beaches would be lined with rows of tents. —... но когда наступит лето, на пляжах появится множество навесов.

    II [kʌm] = cum II

    Англо-русский современный словарь > come

  • 24 mark

    mark [mɑ:k]
    marque1 (a), 1 (b), 1 (d)-(f), 1 (h) niveau1 (b) modèle1 (c) trace1 (f) note1 (g) empreinte1 (h) but1 (j) cible1 (j) mark1 (m) marquer2 (a)-(c), 2 (e)-(g), 2 (j) tacher2 (b) tacheter2 (d) célébrer2 (f) corriger2 (h)
    1 noun
    (a) (symbol, sign) marque f, signe m;
    to make a mark on sth faire une marque sur qch, marquer qch
    (b) (on scale, in number, level) marque f, niveau m;
    sales topped the 5 million mark les ventes ont dépassé la barre des 5 millions;
    to reach the half-way mark arriver à mi-course;
    don't go beyond the 50-metre mark ne dépassez pas les 50 mètres;
    British Cookery gas mark 6 thermostat 6
    mark 3 modèle m ou série f 3
    (d) (feature) marque f;
    the town bears the mark of Greek classicism la ville porte la marque du classicisme grec
    (e) (token) marque f, signe m;
    a mark of affection une marque d'affection;
    as a mark of my esteem/friendship en témoignage de mon estime/de mon amitié;
    as a mark of respect en signe de respect
    (f) (trace, stain, blemish) trace f, marque f; (wound) trace f de coups;
    to leave marks in the snow (of car) laisser des traces dans la neige;
    there are finger marks on the mirror il y a des traces ou des marques de doigts sur la glace;
    there are muddy marks on the carpet il y a des traces de boue sur la moquette;
    the years she spent in prison have left their mark (on her) ses années en prison l'ont marquée;
    the cup has left a mark on the table la tasse a laissé une marque sur la table;
    there wasn't a mark on the body le corps ne portait aucune trace de coups
    (g) School (grade) note f; (point) point m;
    to give sb/sth marks out of ten/twenty noter qn/qch sur dix/vingt;
    the mark is out of 100 la note est sur 100;
    to get good marks avoir de bonnes notes;
    to get full marks obtenir la meilleure note (possible);
    you need ten more marks il vous faut encore dix points;
    figurative it will be a black mark against his name ça va jouer contre lui, ça ne va pas jouer en sa faveur;
    she deserves full marks for imagination il faut saluer son imagination;
    no marks for guessing the answer! il ne faut pas être sorcier pour deviner la réponse!
    (h) (impact) empreinte f, impression f; (distinction) marque f;
    to make one's mark s'imposer, se faire un nom;
    she made her mark as a singer elle s'est imposée ou elle s'est fait un nom dans la chanson;
    they left their mark on 20th-century history ils ont profondément marqué l'histoire du XXème siècle;
    British to be of little mark avoir peu d'importance
    to be up to the mark (be capable) être à la hauteur; (meet expectations) être satisfaisant;
    I'm afraid the work just isn't up to the mark malheureusement le travail laisse à désirer;
    I still don't feel quite up to the mark je ne suis pas encore en pleine forme
    (j) British (target) but m, cible f;
    to hit the mark atteindre la cible; figurative faire mouche;
    to miss the mark rater la cible; figurative mettre à côté de la plaque;
    your answer was nearest the mark c'est vous qui avez donné la meilleure réponse
    on your marks, (get) set, go! à vos marques, prêts, partez!;
    British figurative she's quick/slow off the mark (clever) elle est/n'est pas très maligne, elle a/n'a pas l'esprit très vif; (in reactions) elle est/n'est pas très rapide;
    you have to be quick off the mark il faut réagir tout de suite ou immédiatement;
    he's sometimes a bit too quick off the mark in his criticism il lui arrive d'avoir la critique un peu trop facile;
    you were too slow off the mark tu as mis trop de temps
    (l) Sport (in rugby) arrêt m de volée;
    to call for the mark crier "marque" (en faisant un arrêt de volée)
    (m) (currency) mark m, Deutschmark m
    (a) (label) marquer;
    the towels were marked with his name les serviettes étaient à son nom, son nom était marqué sur les serviettes;
    mark the text with your initials inscrivez vos initiales sur le texte;
    shall I mark her absent? est-ce que je la marque absente?;
    the table was marked "sold" la table portait l'étiquette "vendue"
    (b) (stain) tacher, marquer;
    the red wine marked the carpet le vin rouge a taché la moquette
    (c) (face, hands) marquer;
    his face was marked by suffering son visage était marqué par la souffrance;
    the scandal marked him for life (mentally) le scandale l'a marqué pour la vie
    (d) Zoology tacheter;
    brown wings marked with blue des ailes fpl brunes tachetées de bleu
    (e) (indicate) indiquer, marquer;
    the stream marks the boundary of the estate le ruisseau marque la limite de la propriété;
    X marks the spot l'endroit est marqué d'un X;
    this decision marks a change in policy cette décision marque un changement de politique;
    today marks a turning point in our lives aujourd'hui marque un tournant dans notre vie
    (f) (celebrate → anniversary, event) célébrer, marquer;
    let's have some champagne to mark the occasion ouvrons une bouteille de champagne pour fêter l'événement
    (g) (distinguish) marquer;
    he has all the qualities that mark a good golfer il possède toutes les qualités d'un bon golfeur;
    the period was marked by religious persecution cette époque fut marquée par des persécutions religieuses
    (h) School (essay, homework) corriger; (student) noter;
    the exam was marked out of 100 l'examen a été noté sur 100;
    to mark sth wrong/right marquer qch comme étant faux/juste
    (you) mark my words! souvenez-vous de ce que je vous dis!;
    British mark how he does it observez bien la façon dont il s'y prend;
    British mark you, I didn't believe him remarquez, je ne l'ai pas cru
    (j) Sport (opponent) marquer;
    he marked him out of the game il l'a si bien marqué qu'il n'a rien pu faire
    to mark time Military marquer le pas; figurative attendre son heure ou le moment propice;
    the government is just marking time until the elections le gouvernement fait traîner les choses en attendant les élections
    (garment) être salissant, se tacher facilement;
    this material marks easily ce tissu est salissant
    (a) (write) noter, prendre note de, inscrire;
    mark the address down in your diary notez l'adresse dans votre agenda
    (b) (reduce → price) baisser; (→ article) baisser le prix de, démarquer;
    everything has been marked down to half price tout a été réduit à moitié prix;
    Stock Exchange prices were marked down in early trading les valeurs étaient en baisse ou ont reculé en début de séance
    (c) School (essay, student) baisser la note de;
    he was marked down for bad grammar il a perdu des points à cause de la grammaire
    (d) (single out) désigner;
    my brother was marked down for the managership mon frère a été désigné pour le poste de directeur;
    I marked him down as a troublemaker j'avais remarqué qu'il n'était bon qu'à créer des ennuis
    (a) (divide, isolate → area, period of time) délimiter;
    one corner of the field had been marked off by a fence un coin du champ avait été isolé par une barrière
    (b) (measure → distance) mesurer;
    the route was marked off in 1 km sections le trajet était divisé en tronçons d'un kilomètre
    (c) British (distinguish) distinguer;
    his intelligence marked him off from his school friends il se distinguait de ses camarades d'école par son intelligence
    (d) (on list) cocher
    (a) (with chalk, paint → court, pitch) tracer les lignes de; (with stakes) jalonner; (with lights, flags) baliser;
    figurative his path in life is clearly marked out son avenir est tout tracé
    (b) (designate) désigner;
    Steven was marked out for promotion Steven était désigné pour obtenir une promotion;
    they were marked out for special treatment ils ont bénéficié d'un régime particulier
    (c) British (distinguish) distinguer;
    her ambition marks her out from her colleagues son ambition la distingue de ses collègues
    (a) (on notice) marquer;
    the menu is marked up on the blackboard le menu est sur le tableau
    (b) (increase → price) augmenter, majorer; (→ goods) augmenter le prix de, majorer;
    Stock Exchange prices at last began to be marked up les cours sont enfin à la hausse
    (c) (proofs, manuscript → correct) corriger; (→ annotate) annoter
    ✾ Film 'The Mark of Zorro' Niblo 'Le Signe de Zorro'

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > mark

  • 25 Fourdrinier, Henry

    SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing
    [br]
    b. 11 February 1766 London, England
    d. 3 September 1854 Mavesyn Ridware, near Rugeley, Staffordshire, England
    [br]
    English pioneer of the papermaking machine.
    [br]
    Fourdrinier's father was a paper manufacturer and stationer of London, from a family of French Protestant origin. Henry took up the same trade and, with his brother Sealy (d. 1847), devoted many years to developing the papermaking machine. Their first patent was taken out in 1801, but success was still far off. A machine for making paper had been invented a few years previously by Nicolas Robert at the Didot's mill at Essonnes, south of Paris. Robert quarrelled with the Didots, who then contacted their brother-in-law in England, John Gamble, in an attempt to raise capital for a larger machine. Gamble and the Fourdriniers called in the engineer Bryan Donkin, and between them they patented a much improved machine in 1807. In the new machine, the paper pulp flowed on to a moving continuous woven wire screen and was then squeezed between rollers to remove much of the water. The paper thus formed was transferred to a felt blanket and passed through a second press to remove more water, before being wound while still wet on to a drum. For the first time, a continuous sheet of paper could be made. Other inventors soon made further improvements: in 1817 John Dickinson obtained a patent for sizing baths to improve the surface of the paper; while in 1820 Thomas Crompton patented a steam-heated drum round which the paper was passed to speed up the drying process. The development cost of £60,000 bankrupted the brothers. Although Parliament extended the patent for fourteen years, and the machine was widely adopted, they never reaped much profit from it. Tsar Alexander of Russia became interested in the papermaking machine while on a visit to England in 1814 and promised Henry Fourdrinier £700 per year for ten years for super-intending the erection of two machines in Russia; Henry carried out the work, but he received no payment. At the age of 72 he travelled to St Petersburg to seek recompense from the Tsar's successor Nicholas I, but to no avail. Eventually, on a motion in the House of Commons, the British Government awarded Fourdrinier a payment of £7,000. The paper trade, sensing the inadequacy of this sum, augmented it with a further sum which they subscribed so that an annuity could be purchased for Henry, then the only surviving brother, and his two daughters, to enable them to live in modest comfort. From its invention in ancient China (see Cai Lun), its appearance in the Middle Ages in Europe and through the first three and a half centuries of printing, every sheet of paper had to made by hand. The daily output of a hand-made paper mill was only 60–100 lb (27–45 kg), whereas the new machine increased that tenfold. Even higher speeds were achieved, with corresponding reductions in cost; the old mills could not possibly have kept pace with the new mechanical printing presses. The Fourdrinier machine was thus an essential element in the technological developments that brought about the revolution in the production of reading matter of all kinds during the nineteenth century. The high-speed, giant paper-making machines of the late twentieth century work on the same principle as the Fourdrinier of 1807.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.H.Clapperton, 1967, The Paper-making Machine, Oxford: Pergamon Press. D.Hunter, 1947, Papermaking. The History and Technique of an Ancient Craft, London.
    LRD

    Biographical history of technology > Fourdrinier, Henry

  • 26 cut

    cut [kʌt]
    couper1 (a)-(f), 1 (h), 1 (j), 1 (o), 1 (q), 1 (t), 2 (a), 2 (d)-(g) découper1 (b) tondre1 (c) interrompre1 (f) arrêter1 (g) réduire1 (i), 1 (j) blesser1 (k) manquer1 (m) percer1 (n) graver1 (p) monter1 (r) se couper2 (b) faire mal2 (c) coupure3 (a), 3 (b), 3 (f) coup3 (c), 3 (g) morceau3 (d) réduction3 (e) coupe3 (h), 3 (k) part3 (i) coupé4 (a), 4 (c) réduit4 (b)
    (pt & pp cut, cont cutting)
    (a) (incise, slash, sever) couper;
    cut the box open with the knife ouvrez la boîte avec le couteau;
    he fell and cut his knee (open) il s'est ouvert le genou en tombant;
    she cut her hand elle s'est coupé la main ou à la main;
    he cut his wrists il s'est ouvert ou taillé les veines;
    to cut one's throat se trancher la gorge;
    they cut his throat ils lui ont coupé ou tranché la gorge, ils l'ont égorgé;
    they cut the prisoners free or loose ils ont détaché les prisonniers;
    figurative to cut oneself loose from sth se libérer de qch;
    they cut our supply line ils nous ont coupé notre approvisionnement;
    figurative the fog's so thick you could cut it with a knife il y a un brouillard à couper au couteau;
    the atmosphere was so tense, you could cut it with a knife l'atmosphère était extrêmement tendue;
    you're cutting your own throat c'est du suicide
    (b) (divide into parts) couper, découper; (meat) découper; (slice) découper en tranches;
    she cut articles from the paper elle découpait des articles dans le journal;
    cut the cake in half/in three pieces coupez le gâteau en deux/en trois;
    to cut sth to shreds or to ribbons mettre qch en pièces;
    figurative the enemy cut the army to pieces l'ennemi a taillé l'armée en pièces;
    figurative the critics cut the play to pieces les critiques ont esquinté la pièce
    (c) (trim → grass, lawn) tondre; (→ bush, tree) tailler; (reap → crop) couper, faucher;
    I'll have to cut the grass this weekend il faudra que je tonde la pelouse ce week-end;
    I cut my nails/my hair je me suis coupé les ongles/les cheveux;
    you've had your hair cut vous vous êtes fait couper les cheveux
    (d) (shape → dress, suit) couper; (→ diamond, glass, key) tailler; (→ screw) fileter; (dig → channel, tunnel) creuser, percer; (engrave) graver; (sculpt) sculpter;
    steps had been cut in the rock on avait taillé des marches dans le rocher;
    we cut our way through the crowd nous nous sommes frayé ou ouvert un chemin à travers la foule;
    the advance cut a swath through the enemy's defences l'avance des troupes ouvrit une brèche dans la défense ennemie;
    proverb cut your coat according to your cloth = il ne faut pas vivre au-dessus de ses moyens
    (e) (cross, traverse) couper, croiser; Mathematics couper;
    where the path cuts the road à l'endroit où le chemin coupe la route
    (f) (interrupt) interrompre, couper;
    to cut sb short couper la parole à qn;
    we had to cut our visit short nous avons dû écourter notre visite;
    his career was tragically cut short by illness sa carrière a été tragiquement interrompue par la maladie;
    to cut a long story short, I left bref ou en deux mots, je suis parti
    (g) (stop) arrêter, cesser;
    he cut working weekends il a arrêté de travailler le weekend;
    cut the very familiar crap or vulgar shit! arrête tes conneries!
    (h) (switch off) couper;
    cut the lights! coupez la lumière!, éteignez!;
    he cut the engine il a coupé ou arrêté le moteur
    (i) (reduce → numbers, spending) réduire; (→ production) diminuer; (→ speech) abréger, raccourcir;
    we cut our costs by half nous avons réduit nos frais de moitié;
    they cut taxes in the run-up to the election ils ont réduit les impôts juste avant les élections;
    to cut prices casser les prix;
    the athlete cut five seconds off the world record or cut the world record by five seconds l'athlète a amélioré le record mondial de cinq secondes
    (j) Cinema & Television (edit out) faire des coupures dans, réduire; (drop) couper;
    the censors cut all scenes of violence la censure a coupé ou supprimé toutes les scènes de violence;
    the film was cut to 100 minutes le film a été ramené à 100 minutes
    (k) (hurt feelings of) blesser profondément;
    her remark cut me deeply sa remarque m'a profondément blessé
    (l) familiar (ignore, snub)
    they cut me (dead) in the street dans la rue ils ont fait comme s'ils ne me voyaient pas ;
    he cut me dead for days after our argument il m'a battu froid pendant des jours après notre dispute
    (m) familiar (absent oneself from → meeting, appointment etc) manquer (volontairement), sauter ;
    I had to cut lunch in order to get there on time j'ai dû me passer de déjeuner pour arriver à l'heure;
    the students cut class les étudiants ont séché le cours;
    to cut school sécher les cours
    (n) (tooth) percer;
    the baby is cutting his first tooth le bébé perce sa première dent;
    familiar figurative a pianist who cut her teeth on Bach une pianiste qui s'est fait la main sur du Bach
    (o) (dilute) couper
    (p) (record, track) graver, faire
    to cut the cards couper
    (r) Cinema (edit → film) monter
    (t) Sport (ball) couper
    to cut the ground from under sb's feet couper l'herbe sous le pied de qn;
    her promotion cut the ground from under his feet sa promotion lui a coupé l'herbe sous le pied;
    familiar he couldn't cut it, he couldn't cut the mustard il n'était pas à la hauteur ;
    to cut sth fine compter un peu juste, ne pas se laisser de marge;
    you're cutting it a bit fine vous comptez un peu juste;
    an hour is cutting it too fine une heure, ce n'est pas suffisant;
    familiar that argument cuts no ice with me cet argument ne m'impressionne pas ;
    to cut a fine figure avoir fière allure;
    to cut one's losses sauver les meubles;
    we decided to cut our losses nous avons décidé de sauver les meubles;
    to cut a caper or capers (skip) faire des cabrioles, gambader; (fool around) faire l'idiot;
    Cars to cut a corner prendre un virage à la corde, couper un virage; figurative sauter des étapes;
    figurative to cut corners (economize excessively) faire des économies exagérées; (not follow rules) contourner les règlements;
    if you cut corners now you'll just have more work to do later on si tu fais les choses trop vite maintenant, tu auras plus à faire plus tard;
    figurative she doesn't believe in cutting corners elle fait toujours les choses à fond;
    figurative they cut corners to finish on time ils ont brûlé les étapes pour finir à temps;
    old-fashioned to cut a rug danser
    (a) (incise, slash) couper, trancher;
    this knife doesn't cut ce couteau ne coupe pas bien;
    cut around the edge découpez ou coupez en suivant le bord;
    she cut into the bread elle a entamé le pain;
    the rope cut into my wrists la corde m'a coupé ou cisaillé les poignets;
    the string is cutting into me le cordon me coupe la chair;
    figurative he cut through all the red tape il s'est dispensé de toutes les formalités administratives;
    figurative the whip cut through the air le fouet fendit l'air;
    figurative the yacht cut through the waves le yacht fendait les vagues;
    Nautical the boat cut loose le bateau a rompu les amarres;
    figurative to cut loose se libérer;
    to cut and run se sauver, filer;
    that argument cuts both or two ways c'est un argument à double tranchant
    (b) (cloth, paper) se couper;
    this meat cuts easily cette viande se coupe facilement;
    the cake will cut into six pieces ce gâteau peut se couper en six
    (c) (hurtfully) faire mal
    (d) (take shorter route) couper, passer;
    cut through the back way and you'll get there first coupez par derrière et vous arriverez (là-bas) les premiers;
    we cut across the fields nous avons coupé par les champs
    (e) (cross) traverser, couper; Mathematics (lines) se couper;
    this path cuts across or through the swamp ce sentier traverse ou coupe à travers le marécage
    (f) (in cards) couper;
    they cut for the deal ils ont coupé avant de donner
    the film cuts straight from the love scene to the funeral l'image passe directement de la scène d'amour à l'enterrement;
    cut! coupez!
    3 noun
    (a) (slit) coupure f; (deeper) entaille f; (wound) balafre f; Medicine incision f;
    a cut on the arm une coupure ou une entaille au bras;
    she had a nasty cut on her leg from the fall elle s'était fait une vilaine entaille à la jambe en tombant;
    to be a cut above (the rest) être nettement mieux que les autres ou le reste;
    that film is a cut above the others ce film est nettement mieux que les autres
    (b) (act of cutting) coupure f, entaille f;
    to make a cut in sth (with knife, scissors etc) faire une entaille dans qch
    (c) (blow, stroke) coup m;
    a knife/sword cut un coup de couteau/d'épée;
    a saw cut un trait de scie;
    figurative his treachery was the unkindest cut of all sa trahison était le coup le plus perfide
    (d) (meat → piece) morceau m; (→ slice) tranche f;
    a cut off the joint un morceau de rôti;
    prime cut morceau m de (premier) choix;
    cheap cuts bas morceaux mpl
    (e) (reduction → in price, taxes) réduction f, diminution f; (→ in staff) compression f;
    a cut in government spending une réduction ou diminution des dépenses publiques;
    the cuts in the Health Service la réduction ou diminution du budget de la santé;
    she took a cut in pay elle a subi une diminution ou réduction de salaire;
    Finance the cuts les compressions fpl budgétaires;
    power or electricity cut coupure f de courant
    (f) (deletion) coupure f;
    they made several cuts in the film ils ont fait plusieurs coupures dans le film
    (g) (gibe, nasty remark) trait m, coup m
    (h) (shape, style → of clothes, hair) coupe f; (→ of jewel) taille f;
    the cut of a suit la coupe d'un costume
    (i) familiar (portion, share) part f;
    what's his cut (of the profits)? à combien s'élève sa part?
    (k) Cards coupe f
    (l) familiar (on record) plage f
    (m) Cinema & Television coupe f;
    the cut from the love scene to the funeral le changement de séquence de la scène d'amour à l'enterrement
    (n) Sport (in tennis → backspin) effet m; (in cricket) coup m tranchant
    (p) British (body of water) étendue f d'eau; (canal) canal m
    I prefer a finer/coarser cut of tobacco je préfère le tabac plus fin/grossier
    the cut and thrust of parliamentary debate les joutes oratoires des débats parlementaires;
    the cut and thrust of the business world la concurrence féroce qui règne dans le monde des affaires;
    it's cut and thrust la lutte est acharnée
    (a) (hand, flowers) coupé; (tobacco) découpé
    (b) (reduced) réduit; (shortened) raccourci;
    to sell sth at cut prices vendre qch au rabais;
    the cut version of the film la version raccourcie du film
    (c) (shaped → clothing) coupé; (faceted → gem) taillé;
    a well-cut suit un costume bien coupé ou de bonne coupe
    (d) British familiar (drunk) soûl, plein
    ►► cut glass cristal m taillé;
    Computing cut sheet feed dispositif m d'alimentation feuille à feuille; (act) alimentation f feuille à feuille;
    Computing cut sheet feeder dispositif m d'alimentation feuille à feuille
    (a) (cross, traverse) traverser, couper à travers;
    it's quicker if you cut across the fields c'est plus rapide si tu coupes à travers (les) champs;
    they cut across country ils ont coupé à travers champs
    (b) (go beyond) surpasser, transcender;
    the issue cuts across party lines la question transcende le clivage des partis
    (c) (contradict) contredire, aller à l'encontre de;
    it cuts across all my principles ça va à l'encontre de tous mes principes
    (remove) enlever ou ôter (en coupant); (branch) élaguer, émonder;
    they had to cut away the wreckage to reach the victim ils ont dû découper l'épave pour atteindre la victime
    (a) (return) rebrousser chemin, revenir sur ses pas;
    we cut back to the car nous sommes revenus à la voiture
    (b) Cinema & Television revenir en arrière
    (c) (financially) économiser, réduire les dépenses
    (a) (reduce) réduire, diminuer;
    arms spending has been cut right back les dépenses d'armement ont été nettement réduites
    (b) (prune, trim) tailler; (shrub, tree) élaguer, tailler
    (financially) économiser sur; (time) réduire;
    the factory cut back on production la fabrique a réduit la production
    (a) (tree) couper, abattre; (person → in battle) abattre;
    figurative he was cut down by malaria (killed) il est mort de la malaria; (incapacitated) il était terrassé par la malaria;
    literary to be cut down in one's prime être fauché à la fleur de l'âge
    (b) (make smaller → article, speech) abréger; (→ clothing) rendre plus petit;
    to cut sth down to about 150,000 words réduire qch à environ 150 000 mots;
    she cuts down her dresses for her daughter elle ajuste ses robes pour sa fille;
    to cut sb down to size remettre qn à sa place
    (c) (curtail) réduire, diminuer; (expenses) réduire, rogner;
    we've been asked to cut down the amount of time we devote to sports on nous a demandé de consacrer moins de temps au sport;
    he cut his smoking down to ten a day il ne fume plus que dix cigarettes par jour
    (expenditure) réduire;
    I'm going to cut down on drinking/smoking je vais boire/fumer moins;
    they have cut down on eating out in restaurants ils vont moins souvent au restaurant;
    to cut down on the amount of time spent doing sth passer moins de temps à faire qch
    cut in
    (a) (interrupt) interrompre;
    she cut in on their conversation elle est intervenue dans leur conversation;
    he cut in on me to ask a question il m'a coupé la parole pour poser une question;
    figurative the new store is cutting in on our business le nouveau magasin nous fait perdre de la clientèle
    (b) Cars faire une queue de poisson;
    the taxi cut in on them le taxi leur a fait une queue de poisson
    mind if I cut in? vous permettez que je vous emprunte votre partenaire?
    (include) we should cut him in on the deal nous devrions l'intéresser à l'affaire
    to cut into a conversation intervenir dans ou interrompre brusquement la conversation
    to cut into one's savings entamer ses économies;
    this work cuts into my free time ce travail empiète sur mes heures de loisir
    (a) (hair, piece of meat, bread) couper; (arm, leg) amputer, couper;
    they cut off the king's head ils ont décapité le roi;
    he was cut off in his prime il a été emporté à la fleur de l'âge;
    she cut off her nose to spite her face elle s'est fait du tort en voulant se venger
    (b) (interrupt → speaker) interrompre, couper;
    he was cut off in mid sentence il a été interrompu au milieu de sa phrase
    (c) (disconnect, discontinue) couper;
    Telecommunications he's been cut off (during conversation) il a été coupé; (disconnected) on lui a coupé le téléphone;
    they cut off the electricity or power ils ont coupé le courant;
    they cut off his allowance ils lui ont coupé les vivres;
    her family cut her off without a penny sa famille l'a déshéritée;
    it cut off the supply of blood to the brain cela a empêché l'irrigation du cerveau
    (d) (separate, isolate) isoler;
    the house was cut off by snow drifts la maison était isolée par des congères;
    he cut himself off from his family il a rompu avec sa famille;
    housewives often feel cut off les femmes au foyer se sentent souvent isolées
    (e) (bar passage of) couper la route à;
    the police cut off the thief la police a barré le passage au voleur;
    the battalion cut off the enemy's retreat le bataillon a coupé la retraite à l'ennemi
    cut out
    (a) (make by cutting → coat, dress) couper, tailler; (→ statue) sculpter, tailler;
    a valley cut out by the river une vallée creusée par le fleuve;
    figurative to be cut out for sth être fait pour qch, avoir des dispositions pour qch;
    I'm not cut out for living abroad je ne suis pas fait pour vivre à l'étranger;
    he's not cut out to be a politician il n'a pas l'étoffe d'un homme politique;
    you have your work cut out for you vous avez du pain sur la planche ou de quoi vous occuper;
    she'll have her work cut out to finish the report on time elle va avoir du mal à finir le rapport à temps
    (b) (remove by cutting → article, picture) découper; Medicine (→ tumour etc) enlever;
    advertisements cut out from or of the paper des annonces découpées dans le journal
    (c) (eliminate) supprimer; (stop) arrêter;
    unnecessary expense must be cut out il faut éliminer ou supprimer les frais superflus;
    they cut out all references to the president ils ont supprimé toute référence au président;
    try and cut out all unnecessary details essayez de supprimer tous les détails superflus;
    he cut out smoking il a arrêté de fumer;
    cut out the screaming! arrête de crier!, assez crié!;
    familiar cut it out! ça suffit!, ça va comme ça!
    (d) familiar (rival) supplanter
    (e) (deprive) priver;
    his father cut him out of his will son père l'a rayé de son testament;
    they cut him out of his share ils lui ont escroqué sa part
    (f) Photography & Typography détourer
    (a) (machine, engine → stop operating) caler; (→ switch off) s'éteindre
    (b) American familiar (leave) mettre les bouts, calter
    cut up
    (a) (food, wood) couper; (meat → carve) découper; (→ chop up) hacher; (body) couper en morceaux
    (b) (usu passive) familiar (affect deeply) she's really cut up about her dog's death la mort de son chien a été un coup pour elle ;
    he's very cut up about it ça l'a beaucoup affecté
    that really cut me up! ça m'a fait rire!
    (d) British Cars faire une queue de poisson de
    (a) American (fool around) faire le pitre
    to cut up rough se mettre en rogne ou en boule

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > cut

  • 27 Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

    [br]
    b. 26 November 1810 Shieldfield, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
    d. 27 December 1900 Cragside, Northumbria, England
    [br]
    English inventor, engineer and entrepreneur in hydraulic engineering, shipbuilding and the production of artillery.
    [br]
    The only son of a corn merchant, Alderman William Armstrong, he was educated at private schools in Newcastle and at Bishop Auckland Grammar School. He then became an articled clerk in the office of Armorer Donkin, a solicitor and a friend of his father. During a fishing trip he saw a water-wheel driven by an open stream to work a marble-cutting machine. He felt that its efficiency would be improved by introducing the water to the wheel in a pipe. He developed an interest in hydraulics and in electricity, and became a popular lecturer on these subjects. From 1838 he became friendly with Henry Watson of the High Bridge Works, Newcastle, and for six years he visited the Works almost daily, studying turret clocks, telescopes, papermaking machinery, surveying instruments and other equipment being produced. There he had built his first hydraulic machine, which generated 5 hp when run off the Newcastle town water-mains. He then designed and made a working model of a hydraulic crane, but it created little interest. In 1845, after he had served this rather unconventional apprenticeship at High Bridge Works, he was appointed Secretary of the newly formed Whittle Dene Water Company. The same year he proposed to the town council of Newcastle the conversion of one of the quayside cranes to his hydraulic operation which, if successful, should also be applied to a further four cranes. This was done by the Newcastle Cranage Company at High Bridge Works. In 1847 he gave up law and formed W.G.Armstrong \& Co. to manufacture hydraulic machinery in a works at Elswick. Orders for cranes, hoists, dock gates and bridges were obtained from mines; docks and railways.
    Early in the Crimean War, the War Office asked him to design and make submarine mines to blow up ships that were sunk by the Russians to block the entrance to Sevastopol harbour. The mines were never used, but this set him thinking about military affairs and brought him many useful contacts at the War Office. Learning that two eighteen-pounder British guns had silenced a whole Russian battery but were too heavy to move over rough ground, he carried out a thorough investigation and proposed light field guns with rifled barrels to fire elongated lead projectiles rather than cast-iron balls. He delivered his first gun in 1855; it was built of a steel core and wound-iron wire jacket. The barrel was multi-grooved and the gun weighed a quarter of a ton and could fire a 3 lb (1.4 kg) projectile. This was considered too light and was sent back to the factory to be rebored to take a 5 lb (2.3 kg) shot. The gun was a complete success and Armstrong was then asked to design and produce an equally successful eighteen-pounder. In 1859 he was appointed Engineer of Rifled Ordnance and was knighted. However, there was considerable opposition from the notably conservative officers of the Army who resented the intrusion of this civilian engineer in their affairs. In 1862, contracts with the Elswick Ordnance Company were terminated, and the Government rejected breech-loading and went back to muzzle-loading. Armstrong resigned and concentrated on foreign sales, which were successful worldwide.
    The search for a suitable proving ground for a 12-ton gun led to an interest in shipbuilding at Elswick from 1868. This necessitated the replacement of an earlier stone bridge with the hydraulically operated Tyne Swing Bridge, which weighed some 1450 tons and allowed a clear passage for shipping. Hydraulic equipment on warships became more complex and increasing quantities of it were made at the Elswick works, which also flourished with the reintroduction of the breech-loader in 1878. In 1884 an open-hearth acid steelworks was added to the Elswick facilities. In 1897 the firm merged with Sir Joseph Whitworth \& Co. to become Sir W.G.Armstrong Whitworth \& Co. After Armstrong's death a further merger with Vickers Ltd formed Vickers Armstrong Ltd.
    In 1879 Armstrong took a great interest in Joseph Swan's invention of the incandescent electric light-bulb. He was one of those who formed the Swan Electric Light Company, opening a factory at South Benwell to make the bulbs. At Cragside, his mansion at Roth bury, he installed a water turbine and generator, making it one of the first houses in England to be lit by electricity.
    Armstrong was a noted philanthropist, building houses for his workforce, and endowing schools, hospitals and parks. His last act of charity was to purchase Bamburgh Castle, Northumbria, in 1894, intending to turn it into a hospital or a convalescent home, but he did not live long enough to complete the work.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1859. FRS 1846. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers; Institution of Civil Engineers; British Association for the Advancement of Science 1863. Baron Armstrong of Cragside 1887.
    Further Reading
    E.R.Jones, 1886, Heroes of Industry', London: Low.
    D.J.Scott, 1962, A History of Vickers, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Armstrong, Sir William George, Baron Armstrong of Cragside

  • 28 Crompton, Samuel

    SUBJECT AREA: Textiles
    [br]
    b. 3 December 1753 Firwood, near Bolton, Lancashire, England
    d. 26 June 1827 Bolton, Lancashire, England
    [br]
    English inventor of the spinning mule.
    [br]
    Samuel Crompton was the son of a tenant farmer, George, who became the caretaker of the old house Hall-i-th-Wood, near Bolton, where he died in 1759. As a boy, Samuel helped his widowed mother in various tasks at home, including weaving. He liked music and made his own violin, with which he later was to earn some money to pay for tools for building his spinning mule. He was set to work at spinning and so in 1769 became familiar with the spinning jenny designed by James Hargreaves; he soon noticed the poor quality of the yarn produced and its tendency to break. Crompton became so exasperated with the jenny that in 1772 he decided to improve it. After seven years' work, in 1779 he produced his famous spinning "mule". He built the first one entirely by himself, principally from wood. He adapted rollers similar to those already patented by Arkwright for drawing out the cotton rovings, but it seems that he did not know of Arkwright's invention. The rollers were placed at the back of the mule and paid out the fibres to the spindles, which were mounted on a moving carriage that was drawn away from the rollers as the yarn was paid out. The spindles were rotated to put in twist. At the end of the draw, or shortly before, the rollers were stopped but the spindles continued to rotate. This not only twisted the yarn further, but slightly stretched it and so helped to even out any irregularities; it was this feature that gave the mule yarn extra quality. Then, after the spindles had been turned backwards to unwind the yarn from their tips, they were rotated in the spinning direction again and the yarn was wound on as the carriage was pushed up to the rollers.
    The mule was a very versatile machine, making it possible to spin almost every type of yarn. In fact, Samuel Crompton was soon producing yarn of a much finer quality than had ever been spun in Bolton, and people attempted to break into Hall-i-th-Wood to see how he produced it. Crompton did not patent his invention, perhaps because it consisted basically of the essential features of the earlier machines of Hargreaves and Arkwright, or perhaps through lack of funds. Under promise of a generous subscription, he disclosed his invention to the spinning industry, but was shabbily treated because most of the promised money was never paid. Crompton's first mule had forty-eight spindles, but it did not long remain in its original form for many people started to make improvements to it. The mule soon became more popular than Arkwright's waterframe because it could spin such fine yarn, which enabled weavers to produce the best muslin cloth, rivalling that woven in India and leading to an enormous expansion in the British cotton-textile industry. Crompton eventually saved enough capital to set up as a manufacturer himself and around 1784 he experimented with an improved carding engine, although he was not successful. In 1800, local manufacturers raised a sum of £500 for him, and eventually in 1812 he received a government grant of £5,000, but this was trifling in relation to the immense financial benefits his invention had conferred on the industry, to say nothing of his expenses. When Crompton was seeking evidence in 1811 to support his claim for financial assistance, he found that there were 4,209,570 mule spindles compared with 155,880 jenny and 310,516 waterframe spindles. He later set up as a bleacher and again as a cotton manufacturer, but only the gift of a small annuity by his friends saved him from dying in total poverty.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    H.C.Cameron, 1951, Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Mule, London (a rather discursive biography).
    Dobson \& Barlow Ltd, 1927, Samuel Crompton, the Inventor of the Spinning Mule, Bolton.
    G.J.French, 1859, The Life and Times of Samuel Crompton, Inventor of the Spinning Machine Called the Mule, London.
    The invention of the mule is fully described in H. Gatling, 1970, The Spinning Mule, Newton Abbot; W.English, 1969, The Textile Industry, London; R.L.Hills, 1970, Power in the Industrial Revolution, Manchester.
    C.Singer (ed.), 1958, A History of Technology, Vol. IV, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides a brief account).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Crompton, Samuel

  • 29 scrape

    scrape [skreɪp]
    1 noun
    (a) (action) coup m de grattoir ou de racloir; (wound on skin) éraflure f;
    just give the saucepan a quick scrape frotte ou gratte un peu la casserole;
    he had a nasty scrape on his knee il avait une méchante éraflure au genou, il s'était bien éraflé le genou;
    she had given the car a nasty scrape on the side elle avait fait une belle éraflure sur le côté de la voiture
    (b) familiar (dilemma, trouble) pétrin m;
    to get into a scrape se mettre dans le pétrin;
    now you've really got yourself into a scrape! vous voilà dans de beaux draps ou dans un sacré pétrin!;
    to get (oneself) out of a scrape se tirer d'affaire ou d'embarras;
    you got me into this scrape, now get me out of it! c'est vous qui m'avez mis dans ce pétrin, maintenant il faut me tirer de là!
    (c) (sound) grattement m, grincement m
    (d) (thin layer) mince couche f;
    toast with a scrape of butter du pain grillé recouvert d'une mince couche de beurre
    (a) (clean → boots, saucepan, earth) gratter, racler; (→ tools) gratter, décaper; (→ vegetables, windows) gratter;
    scrape the mud off your shoes enlève ou gratte la boue de tes chaussures;
    I spent the afternoon scraping the paint off the door j'ai passé l'après-midi à gratter la peinture de la porte;
    to scrape sth clean/smooth gratter qch pour qu'il soit propre/lisse;
    I scraped the ground with a stick j'ai gratté le sol avec un bâton;
    figurative to scrape (the bottom of) the barrel (looking for money) racler les fonds de tiroir; (be reduced to extremes) être tombé bien bas;
    you took him on? you must really be scraping the bottom of the barrel! tu as embauché ce type-là? tu devais vraiment être coincé!
    (b) (scratch → paint, table, wood) rayer; (→ skin, knee) érafler; (touch lightly) effleurer, frôler;
    I scraped my knee je me suis éraflé le genou;
    I just scraped the garage door as I drove in j'ai seulement frôlé ou effleuré la porte du garage en rentrant la voiture;
    the plane just scraped the surface of the water l'avion frôla ou rasa la surface de l'eau;
    to scrape the bottom (ship) sillonner ou talonner le fond
    (c) (drag) traîner;
    don't scrape the chair across the floor like that ne traîne pas la chaise par terre comme ça
    to scrape a living arriver tout juste à survivre, vivoter;
    to scrape a pass (in exam) réussir de justesse;
    British to scrape acquaintance with sb se débrouiller pour faire la connaissance de qn
    (a) (rub) frotter; (rasp) gratter;
    the branches scrape against the shutters les branches frottent contre les volets;
    the door scraped shut la porte s'est refermée en grinçant;
    the gardener scraped at the ground with a stick le jardinier grattait la terre avec un bâton;
    I heard the noise of his pen scraping across the paper j'entendais le grattement de son stylo sur le papier
    to scrape home (win game, race) gagner de justesse;
    she just scraped clear of the bus in time elle a évité le bus de justesse;
    the ambulance just scraped past l'ambulance est passée de justesse
    (c) (economize) faire des petites économies
    (d) (be humble) faire des courbettes ou des ronds de jambes
    (financially) se débrouiller, vivre tant bien que mal;
    she had to scrape along on a small pension elle devait se débrouiller avec une petite retraite;
    we'll scrape along somehow on va se débrouiller avec ce qu'on a
    enlever en grattant
    gratter;
    the gardener was scraping away at the dry earth le jardinier grattait la terre sèche;
    to scrape away at a violin racler du violon
    (hair) tirer en arrière;
    with her hair scraped back les cheveux tirés en arrière
    (financially) se débrouiller;
    I have just enough to scrape by (on) j'ai juste assez d'argent pour me débrouiller
    (paintwork) décaper; (woodwork, door) gratter
    (in election) être élu de justesse; (in entering university) entrer de justesse; Sport (in qualifying) se qualifier de justesse;
    I just scraped in as the doors were closing j'ai réussi à entrer juste au moment où les portes se fermaient
    he just scraped into university/parliament il est entré à l'université/au parlement d'extrême justesse
    (mud, paint) enlever au grattoir ou en grattant; (skin) érafler;
    humorous we had to scrape him off the ground il a fallu le ramasser à la petite cuillère
    s'enlever au grattoir;
    this paint scrapes off easily pour enlever cette peinture, il suffit de la gratter
    (a) (saucepan) récurer, racler; (residue) enlever en grattant ou raclant;
    to scrape out a mixing bowl (with spatula) racler un bol avec une spatule; (with finger) racler un bol avec le doigt
    (b) (hollow) creuser
    (exam) réussir de justesse; (doorway, gap) passer (de justesse);
    the government will probably just scrape through the next election le gouvernement va probablement l'emporter de justesse aux prochaines élections
    (in exam) réussir de justesse; (in election) être élu ou l'emporter de justesse; (gap) passer de justesse; (financially) se débrouiller tout juste
    (a) (two objects) frotter l'un contre l'autre
    (b) (into pile) mettre en tas
    (c) (collect → supporters, signatures) réunir ou rassembler à grand-peine; (→ money for oneself) réunir en raclant les fonds de tiroirs; (→ money for event) réunir avec beaucoup de mal
    (a) (into pile → leaves, stones) mettre en tas
    (b) (collect → supporters, signatures) réunir ou rassembler à grand-peine; (→ money for oneself) réunir en raclant les fonds de tiroirs; (→ money for event) réunir avec beaucoup de mal
    he scraped himself up off the floor il a fini par se relever

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > scrape

  • 30 set up


    1) настраивать, производить настройку, регулировку
    2) воздвигать, устанавливать, ставить Do you know how to set up a tent? ≈ Ты умеешь ставить палатку? Syn: found, constitute
    3) учреждать The journal was set up in
    1924. ≈ Этот журнал основали в 1924 году.
    4) основывать, открывать (дело, предприятие и т. п.) They needed the money to set up a special school for gifted children. ≈ Им были нужны деньги, чтобы открыть специальную школу для одаренных детей. Syn: found, originate, create, establish, produce, build up
    5) помочь( кому-л.) устроиться He gave his son some capital to set him up. ≈ Он выделил сыну часть своего капитала, чтобы тот мог стать на ноги.
    6) подготавливать, планировать
    7) вызывать( что-л.) ;
    причинять (боль и т. п.) This wet weather sets up the ache in my old wound. ≈ От этой мокрой погоды у меня болят старые раны.
    8) восстанавливать( силы, здоровье) You need a holiday to set you up again after all that hard work. ≈ После всей этой работы тебе нужно отдохнуть, чтобы восстановить силы.
    9) (in, with) снабжать, обеспечивать( чем-л.) We had to set him up with a large sum of money. ≈ Ему пришлось дать большую сумму денег.
    10) поднимать (крик, шум и т. п.) The crowd set up a shout as the winner neared the post. ≈ Когда победитель вышел на финишную прямую, толпа завопила.
    11) выдавать себя за кого-л. He doesn't set himself up to be an experienced pointer. ≈ Он не выдает себя за опытного наводчика.
    12) спорт достичь( высоких результатов), установить (новый рекорд) The young swimmer has set up a new fast time for the backstroke. ≈ Этот юный пловец поставил новый мировой рекорд по плаванию на спине.
    13) полигр. набирать We can't change any wording once the article is set up. ≈ После того, как статья набрана, мы не можем изменить в ней ни слова.
    14) тренировать;
    физически развивать
    15) разг. 'подставить' (кого-л.) I'm not to blame;
    I've been set up. ≈ Я невиновен, меня подставили. помещать, ставить, класть - to * a picture on the floor поставить картину на пол - the portrait was * on the stage портрет был установлен на сцене - special seats had to be * around the sides of the hall по бокам зала пришлось поставить дополнительные ряды стульев - a Latin inscription was * on the tablet на мемориальной доске была сделана латинская надпись поднимать, ставить - to * ninepins again поднимать упавшие кегли вывешивать( для обозрения) - to * a notice вывесить объявление воздвигать, устанавливать, ставить - to * a monument воздвигнуть памятник - to * a post ставить столб возводить( на престол и т. п.) основывать, учреждать - to * a company основать компанию - to * a government сформировать правительство - to * a committee организовать /учредить/ комитет - to * a laboratory создать лабораторию - to * house начать (вести) семейную жизнь - to * an account открыть счет( в банке) - the journal was * in 1942 этот журнал начал выходить /был основан/ в 1942 г. - it wasn't till later that the camp and the aerodrome were * лишь позже были построены поселок и аэродроме вводить, устанавливать - to * new arrangements устанавливать /вводить/ новые порядки - to * a custom вводить обычай - to * a record( спортивное) установить рекорд открывать (какое-л. дело) - to * as a grocer открыть бакалейную торговлю /лавку/ - to * in trade открывать торговое предприятие - to * oneself in business, to * for oneself открыть собственное дело (свою лавку, контору и т. п.) помочь (кому-л.) устроиться - to set smb. up in the business помочь кому-л. открыть торговое дело /магазин/ - the legacy set him up in his profession благодаря доставшемуся наследству он смог работать по специальности - to set smb. up in life давать кому-л. путевку в жизнь выдвигать, предлагать - to * a counter claim предъявлять /выдвигать/ встречный иск - to * a candidate выдвигать кандидата - to * a principle выдвигать принцип - the latest theory to be * последняя из выдвигаемых теорий излагать, формулировать - to * a principle сформулировать принцип подготавливать;
    планировать - to * a bank robbery подготовить ограбление банка поднимать (крик, шум и т. п.) - to * a hullabaloo поднимать шум - to * a row поднимать скандал - to * a cry for home rule провозгласить лозунг самоуправления - the boy * an alarm мальчик поднял тревогу снабжать, обеспечивать - to set smb. up with /in/ books снабжать кого-л. книгами - to set smb. up in funds обеспечивать кого-л. деньгами восстанавливать (силы, здоровье) - the country air set him up again деревенский воздух восстановил его здоровье - the medicine set him up это лекарство поставило его на ноги - a fortnight in the country will set you up again двухнедельное пребывание в деревне вернет вам силы тренировать, физически развивать;
    закалять - physically she was not well * физически она была слабо развита - you want some good walks to aet you up для тренировки вам необходимы длительные прогулки - a month in the ranks sets up a recruit wonderfully месяц пребывания в армии является прекрасной закалкой для новобранца вызывать, причинять - the cold air * an irritation in his throat от холодного воздуха у него началось раздражение в горле (полиграфия) набирать - to * type набирать шрифт - to * a book набирать книгу - to * a word in capitals набрать слово заглавными буквами выдавать себя за кого-л.;
    безосновательно считать себя (кем-л.) - to * as an expert считать себя знатоком - he set himself up as an authority он претендовал на авторитет гордиться( чем-л.), проявлять удовлетворение - I am quite * with my new job я вполне удовлетворен своей новой работой набивать, делать (чучело) (редкое) восстанавливать, подстрекать( техническое) собирать, монтировать;
    налаживать (станок) платить за выпивку (в баре) угощать( чем-л.) (карточное) объявлять (масть) - to * spades объявить пики

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > set up

  • 31 pour

    pour [pɔ:(r)]
    (a) (liquid) verser; (serve) servir, verser; Metallurgy couler;
    to pour a drink for sb servir à boire à qn;
    pour yourself a drink servez-vous ou versez-vous à boire;
    may I pour you some wine? je vous sers du vin?;
    would you pour the tea? voulez-vous servir le thé?;
    she poured milk into their mugs elle a versé du lait dans leurs tasses;
    we poured the water/wine down the sink nous avons vidé l'eau/jeté le vin dans l'évier;
    pour the cider into the jug versez le cidre dans le pichet;
    her jeans were so tight she looked as if she'd been poured into them son jean était tellement serré qu'elle semblait avoir été coulée dedans;
    to pour cold water on or over sb's plans décourager ou refroidir qn dans ses projets;
    to pour scorn on sb traiter qn avec mépris
    he poured all his energies into the project il a mis toute son énergie dans le projet;
    the government poured money into the industry le gouvernement a investi des sommes énormes dans cette industrie;
    I've already poured a fortune into the firm j'ai déjà investi une fortune dans la société;
    they poured reinforcements into the area ils ont envoyé des renforts en masse dans la région
    (a) (liquid) se déverser, couler à flots;
    water poured from the gutters l'eau débordait des gouttières;
    water was pouring into the cellar l'eau entrait à flots dans la cave;
    tears poured down her face elle pleurait à chaudes larmes;
    blood poured from the wound la blessure saignait abondamment;
    the sweat was pouring off him/his back il/son dos ruisselait de sueur;
    light poured into the church l'église était inondée de lumière;
    smoke poured out of the blazing building des nuages de fumée s'échappaient de l'immeuble en flammes
    (b) (rain) pleuvoir à verse;
    it's pouring (with rain) il pleut à verse ou à torrents
    (c) (crowd) affluer;
    reporters pour into Cannes for the festival les journalistes affluent à Cannes pour le festival;
    spectators poured into/out of the cinema une foule de spectateurs entrait dans le cinéma/sortait du cinéma;
    thousands of cars poured out of Paris des milliers de voitures se pressaient aux portes de Paris
    (d) (pan, jug)
    to pour well/badly verser bien/mal
    shall I pour? je fais le service?
    (empty) vider; (throw out) jeter
    (rain) tomber à verse;
    it's been pouring down for days il pleut à verse depuis des jours et des jours
    literary (light, water) se déverser; (people) affluer
    (a) (rain, light, water) entrer à flots;
    rain poured in through a hole in the roof la pluie entrait à flots par un trou dans le plafond
    (b) (cars, refugees, spectators) arriver en masse; (information, reports) affluer, arriver en masse;
    the crowd came pouring in la foule est entrée en masse;
    offers of help poured in from all sides des offres d'aide ont afflué de toutes parts;
    money poured in for the disaster victims des milliers de dons ont été envoyés pour les victimes de la catastrophe
    (liquid, excess) vider
    (cream) verser
    (a) (liquid) verser
    (b) (information, propaganda) répandre, diffuser; (of chimney → clouds of smoke) cracher, vomir;
    the industry pours out tons of dangerous chemicals l'industrie déverse des tonnes de produits chimiques dangereux
    (c) (emotions) donner libre cours à;
    she poured out all her troubles to me elle m'a raconté tout ce qu'elle avait sur le cœur;
    to pour out one's heart to sb parler à qn à cœur ouvert;
    to pour out a torrent of abuse at sb déverser un torrent d'injures sur qn
    (a) (water) jaillir, couler à flots; (tears) couler abondamment; (light) jaillir;
    smoke was pouring out of the window des nuages de fumée s'échappaient de la fenêtre;
    the words just poured out les mots sont sortis en flots;
    all his feelings came pouring out il a laissé libre cours à ses émotions
    (b) (people) sortir en masse

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pour

  • 32 pump

    pump [pʌmp]
    1 noun
    (a) Technology pompe f;
    hand/water pump pompe f à main/à eau
    (b) (shoe → for dancing) chausson m; (→ for gym) (chaussure f de) tennis m
    (c) American familiar (heart) cœur m, palpitant m
    (a) (liquid, gas) pomper;
    to pump sth out of sth pomper ou aspirer qch de qch;
    the water is pumped into a tank l'eau est acheminée dans un réservoir au moyen d'une pompe;
    to pump water into a cavity amener de l'eau à la pompe dans une cavité;
    the factory pumps its waste directly into the river l'usine déverse ses déchets directement dans la rivière;
    they pumped air into the football ils ont gonflé le ballon de foot;
    the heart's function is to pump blood around the body le cœur a pour fonction de pomper le sang dans tout le corps;
    coolant is pumped through the system une pompe fait circuler le liquide de refroidissement dans le système;
    American to pump gas travailler comme pompiste
    to pump sb's stomach faire un lavage d'estomac à qn;
    he had to have or to get his stomach pumped on a dû lui faire un lavage d'estomac
    (c) (inflate → tyre, ball etc) gonfler
    (d) (move back and forth → pedal, handle) appuyer sur ou actionner (plusieurs fois);
    pump the brakes or they'll lock freinez progressivement ou les freins se bloqueront;
    figurative to pump sb's hand secouer vigoureusement la main de qn;
    familiar to pump iron faire de la gonflette
    to pump sb full of lead cribler qn de plomb
    (f) familiar (money) investir ;
    he pumped a fortune into the business il a investi une fortune dans cette affaire;
    public money is being pumped into the area la région reçoit d'importantes subventions du gouvernement ;
    the government has pumped money into the project le gouvernement a injecté des capitaux dans ce projet
    (g) familiar (interrogate) interroger, tirer les vers du nez à;
    they pumped her for information ils l'ont cuisinée
    (h) vulgar (have sex with) baiser, tringler
    (a) (machine, person) pomper; (heart) battre fort
    (b) (liquid) couler à flots, jaillir;
    blood pumped from the wound du sang coulait de la blessure
    ►► pump attendant pompiste mf;
    pump gun fusil m à pompe;
    Economics pump priming = relance de l'économie par injection de fonds publics;
    pump room (building) pavillon m; (room) buvette f (dans une station thermale)
    (a) (liquid, gas) refouler;
    the village pumps in water from the river l'eau du village est amenée de la rivière à l'aide d'un système de pompage
    (b) familiar (funds, capital) investir, injecter
    (a) (liquid, gas) pomper; (stomach) vider;
    it took two hours to pump the bilge out il a fallu deux heures pour pomper ou écoper l'eau de la cale
    (b) familiar pejorative (mass-produce → music, graduates, products) produire ; (→ books, essays) produire à la chaîne, pondre en série
    (liquid, blood) couler à flots
    (a) (liquid, mixture) pomper
    (b) (inflate) gonfler
    to be all pumped up être tout excité

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pump

  • 33 give

    давати, надавати; дарувати; виносити ( рішення); накладати ( покарання тощо)

    give a written undertaking not to leave one's permanent place of residence — давати підписку про невиїзд

    give a written undertaking of non-divulgence(of investigation materials, etc.) давати підписку про нерозголошення ( матеріалів слідства тощо)

    give aid and comfort to a criminal — надавати допомогу злочинцю, допомагати (сприяти) злочинцю

    give an order to halt before firing — віддавати наказ зупинитися перед тим, як буде зроблено постріл

    give an order "to shoot and kill" — віддавати наказ про відкриття вогню на знищення

    give self-incriminating evidence — давати свідчення проти самого себе, свідчити проти себе

    - give a broad interpretation
    - give a caution
    - give a child up for adoption
    - give a clearance
    - give a false name
    - give a guidance
    - give a judgement
    - give a judgment
    - give a life sentence
    - give a name
    - give a reasoned opinion
    - give a ruling
    - give a sentence
    - give a solid alibi
    - give a tendentious appraisal
    - give a term
    - give a testimony
    - give a ticket
    - give a top-security clearance
    - give a verdict
    - give a wide interpretation
    - give a written undertaking
    - give access
    - give advice
    - give advice on legal matters
    - give advisory opinion
    - give aid
    - give an engagement ring
    - give an inside tip on the raid
    - give an instruction
    - give an opinion
    - give authority
    - give back
    - give bail
    - give birth
    - give chase
    - give chase to ones' automobile
    - give color
    - give confession
    - give effect
    - give equal rights
    - give evidence
    - give evidence under compulsion
    - give false evidence
    - give false testimony
    - give forth
    - give fresh evidence
    - give further effect
    - give ground
    - give guidelines
    - give guiding instructions
    - give holiday without pay
    - give in charge
    - give in confidence
    - give in evidence
    - give in verdict
    - give information to the police
    - give instructions
    - give jurisdiction
    - give justification
    - give latitude
    - give law
    - give law
    - give laws
    - give legal form
    - give light weight
    - give moral support
    - give notice
    - give offence
    - give offense
    - give official approval
    - give one's fiat
    - give one's name
    - give one's name and address
    - give one's surname and address
    - give one's word
    - give oneself out
    - give oneself up
    - give oneself up to the police
    - give out
    - give powers
    - give preference
    - give publicity
    - give punishment
    - give reasons
    - give reasons for the decision
    - give rise to a breach
    - give rise to an action
    - give sanction
    - give sanctuary to hijackers
    - give security
    - give short measure
    - give smb. his deserts
    - give smb. her deserts
    - give special consideration
    - give testimony
    - give the ballot
    - give the benefit of the doubt
    - give the court the discretion
    - give the defendant a caution
    - give the exclusive right
    - give the floor
    - give the force of an Act
    - give the force of an law
    - give the higher rank
    - give the next rank
    - give the requisite testimony
    - give the right of abode
    - give the vote
    - give time
    - give title
    - give to the public
    - give to the world
    - give up
    - give up a claim
    - give up a right
    - give up firearms
    - give up guns
    - give validity
    - give wide discretion
    - give witness
    - give wound

    English-Ukrainian law dictionary > give

  • 34 hurt

    past tense, past participle; see hurt
    hurt1 adj
    1. herido
    2. dolido
    hurt2 vb
    1. hacer daño
    did you hurt yourself? ¿te hiciste daño?
    2. doler
    to hurt somebody's feelings herir los sentimientos / ofender
    tr[hɜːt]
    2 (wound) herida
    3 figurative use daño, perjuicio
    1 (physically) herido,-a
    2 (offended) dolido,-a
    1 (cause injury) lastimar, hacer daño; (to wound) herir
    2 SMALLSPORT/SMALL lesionar
    3 (offend) herir, ofender
    you hurt her feelings la has ofendido, le has herido los sentimientos
    1 doler
    2 familiar venir mal, ir mal
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    not to hurt a fly ser incapaz de matar una mosca
    to hurt oneself hacerse daño, lastimarse
    hurt ['hərt] v, hurt ; hurting vt
    1) injure: hacer daño a, herir, lastimar
    to hurt oneself: hacerse daño
    2) distress, offend: hacer sufrir, ofender, herir
    hurt vi
    : doler
    my foot hurts: me duele el pie
    hurt n
    1) injury: herida f
    2) distress, pain: dolor m, pena f
    adj.
    herido, -a adj.
    lesionado, -a adj.
    ofendido, -a adj.
    resentido, -a adj.
    n.
    daño s.m.
    desolladura s.f.
    dolor s.m.
    herida s.f.
    mal s.m.
    pret., p.p.
    (Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to hurt")
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: hurt) = accidentar v.
    damnificar v.
    dañar v.
    doler v.
    estropear v.
    herir v.
    lacrar v.
    lastimar v.
    lesionar v.
    llagar v.
    molestar v.
    ofender v.

    I
    1. hɜːrt, hɜːt
    (past & past p hurt) transitive verb
    1)

    you're hurting her/me! — le/me estás haciendo daño!, la/me estás lastimando! (esp AmL)

    b) ( injure)

    I hurt my ankle — me hice daño en el tobillo, me lastimé el tobillo (esp AmL)

    to hurt oneself, to get hurt — hacerse* daño, lastimarse (esp AmL)

    nobody got o was hurt — a nadie le pasó nada

    2)

    to hurt somebody's feelings — herir* las sentimientos de algn

    b) ( affect adversely) \<\<government/economy\>\> perjudicar*

    2.
    hurt vi
    1) ( be source of pain) doler*

    my leg/head hurts — me duele la pierna/la cabeza

    where does it hurt? — ¿dónde le duele?

    do your shoes hurt? — ¿te hacen daño los zapatos?

    3) (colloq)
    a) ( feel pain)

    he was still hurting after the divorce — (AmE) todavía estaba resentido por lo del divorcio

    to be hurting — estar* pasándola or pasándolo mal (fam)


    II
    mass noun ( emotional) dolor m, pena f

    III
    a) ( physically) <finger/foot> lastimado

    she was badly hurt — estaba gravemente herida, estaba malherida

    b) ( emotionally) <feelings/pride> herido; <tone/expression> dolido

    to feel/be hurt — sentirse*/estar* dolido

    [hɜːt] (pt, pp hurt)
    1. VT
    1) (=do physical damage to) hacer daño a, lastimar (LAm)

    how did you hurt your finger/leg? — ¿cómo te has hecho daño en el dedo/la pierna?, ¿cómo te has lastimado el dedo/la pierna? (LAm)

    to hurt o.s. — hacerse daño, lastimarse (LAm)

    did you hurt yourself? — ¿te has hecho daño?, ¿te has lastimado? (LAm)

    he's not badly hurt — no está herido de gravedad

    to get hurt — resultar herido

    to hurt a fly —

    2) (=cause physical pain to)

    did I hurt you? — ¿te he hecho daño?, ¿te he lastimado? (LAm)

    stop it! you're hurting me! — ¡para! ¡me estás haciendo daño!, ¡para! ¡me estás lastimando! (LAm)

    3) (=have bad effect on)
    a) [+ person]

    a little hard work never hurt anyone — nadie se ha muerto nunca por trabajar un poco duro, trabajar duro nunca le ha hecho daño a nadie

    b) [+ prospects, chances, reputation] perjudicar
    4) (=cause emotional pain to) hacer daño a

    to be easily hurt — ser muy susceptible

    you've hurt her feelingsla has ofendido

    she was bound to get hurt — estaba claro que iba a terminar sufriendo

    2. VI
    1) (=give physical pain) [arm, leg, foot etc] doler

    ow, that hurts! — ¡ay! ¡duele!

    does it hurt? — ¿te duele?

    where does it hurt? — ¿dónde te duele?

    to kick/hit sb where it hurts —

    kick him where it hurts! — ¡dale una buena patada donde más les duele (a los hombres)!

    2) (=give emotional pain) doler

    it hurts to admit it but... — duele or cuesta admitirlo pero...

    3) (=do harm)
    4) (esp US) * (=feel pain) sufrir
    3. ADJ
    1) (=injured) [part of body] lastimado

    James, are you hurt? — James, ¿te has hecho daño?, James, ¿te has lastimado? (esp LAm)

    2) (=upset) [person, tone] dolido

    to be/feel hurt — estar/sentirse dolido

    4.
    N (=emotional pain) dolor m, pena f
    * * *

    I
    1. [hɜːrt, hɜːt]
    (past & past p hurt) transitive verb
    1)

    you're hurting her/me! — le/me estás haciendo daño!, la/me estás lastimando! (esp AmL)

    b) ( injure)

    I hurt my ankle — me hice daño en el tobillo, me lastimé el tobillo (esp AmL)

    to hurt oneself, to get hurt — hacerse* daño, lastimarse (esp AmL)

    nobody got o was hurt — a nadie le pasó nada

    2)

    to hurt somebody's feelings — herir* las sentimientos de algn

    b) ( affect adversely) \<\<government/economy\>\> perjudicar*

    2.
    hurt vi
    1) ( be source of pain) doler*

    my leg/head hurts — me duele la pierna/la cabeza

    where does it hurt? — ¿dónde le duele?

    do your shoes hurt? — ¿te hacen daño los zapatos?

    3) (colloq)
    a) ( feel pain)

    he was still hurting after the divorce — (AmE) todavía estaba resentido por lo del divorcio

    to be hurting — estar* pasándola or pasándolo mal (fam)


    II
    mass noun ( emotional) dolor m, pena f

    III
    a) ( physically) <finger/foot> lastimado

    she was badly hurt — estaba gravemente herida, estaba malherida

    b) ( emotionally) <feelings/pride> herido; <tone/expression> dolido

    to feel/be hurt — sentirse*/estar* dolido

    English-spanish dictionary > hurt

  • 35 close

    I.
    A n
    1 ( road) passage m ;
    2 ( of cathedral) enceinte f.
    B adj
    1 ( with close links) [relative] proche ; [resemblance] frappant ; to bear a close resemblance to sb/sth ressembler beaucoup à qn/qch ; close links with Pol liens étroits avec [country] ; liens d'amitié avec [group, twinned town etc] ; to work in close collaboration with sb collaborer étroitement avec qn ; in close contact with en contact permanent avec [government department etc] ; en contact avec [friend etc] ; in close harmony Mus dans une tessiture rapprochée ;
    2 ( intimate) [friend, adviser] proche (to de) ; they have a close friendship ils sont très bons amis ;
    3 ( almost equal) [contest, finish, result, vote] serré ; ‘is it the same?’-‘no but it's close’ ‘c'est le même?’-‘non mais c'est proche’ ; a close copy of his signature une imitation presque parfaite de sa signature ; it's a close match (of colour, hairpiece) c'est presque la même couleur ;
    4 (careful, rigorous) [scrutiny, examination, study] minutieux/-ieuse ; [supervision] étroit ; to pay close attention to sth faire une attention toute particulière à qch ; to keep a close watch ou eye on sb/sth surveiller étroitement qn/qch ;
    5 ( compactly aligned) [texture, grain] dense ; [print, military formation] serré ; [handwriting] ramassé ;
    6 ( stuffy) [weather] lourd ; it's close il fait lourd ;
    7 ( secretive) she's been very close about it elle n'a rien voulu dire.
    C adv
    1 ( nearby) to live/work quite close (by) habiter/travailler tout près ; they look closeer than they are ils semblent plus près qu'ils ne le sont ; how close is the town? est-ce que la ville est loin? ; it's close, I can hear it il ne doit pas être loin, je l'entends ; the closer he came plus il approchait ; to bring sth closer approcher qch ; to follow close behind suivre de près ; to hold sb close serrer qn ; close together serrés les uns contre les autres ; to come closer together se rapprocher ; ⇒ draw ;
    2 ( close temporally) the time is close when dans peu de temps ; how close are they in age? combien ont-ils de différence d'âge? ; Christmas is close Noël approche ; ⇒ draw ;
    3 ( almost) that's closer (to) the truth ça c'est plus proche de la vérité ; ‘is the answer three?’-‘close!’ ‘est-ce que la réponse est trois?’-‘tu y es presque’.
    1 ( sufficiently near) that's close enough ( no nearer) tu es assez près ; ( acceptable as answer) ça ira ; to be/come close enough to do être assez près/s'approcher suffisamment pour faire ;
    2 ( approximately) there were 20 yachts or close enough il y avait à peu près 20 yachts.
    1 lit près de [place, person, object] ; close to where près de l'endroit où ; closer to plus près de ; how close are we to…? à quelle distance sommes-nous de…? ;
    2 ( on point of) au bord de [tears, hysteria, collapse] ; to be close to doing être sur le point de faire ;
    3 ( almost at) closer to 30 than 40 plus proche or plus près de 40 ans que de 30 ; to come closest to s'approcher le plus de [ideal, conception] ; to come close to doing faillir faire ; he came close to giving up il a failli abandonner ; how close are you to completing…? est-ce que vous êtes sur le point de finir…? ; close to the time when à peu près au moment où ; it's coming close to the time when we must decide l'heure de nous décider approche ;
    4 ( also close on ) ( approximately) close to ou on 60 people près de or presque 60 personnes ; close to ou on a century ago il y a près d'un siècle.
    F close by prep phr, adv phr près de [wall, bridge] ; the ambulance is close by l'ambulance n'est pas loin.
    (from) close to , (from) close up de près ; it was a close call ou shave ou thing je l'ai/tu l'as etc échappé belle.
    II.
    A n
    1 gen, Sport fin f ; to bring sth to a close mettre fin à qch ; to draw to a close tirer à sa fin ; to come to a close se terminer ; at the close of day littér à la tombée du jour liter ;
    2 Fin close (of trading) clôture f ; at the close à la clôture.
    B vtr
    1 ( shut) fermer [container, door, window, eyes, mouth, mind, book, file, museum, office, shop] ;
    2 ( block) fermer [border, port, airport] ; boucher [pipe, opening] ; barrer [road] ; interdire l'accès à [area of town] ;
    3 = close down ;
    4 ( bring to an end) mettre fin à [meeting, discussion, investigation, case] ; fermer [account] ; to close the meeting, we have pour clore la réunion nous avons ; the subject is now closed le sujet est clos ; ‘this correspondence is now closed’ journ ‘cette rubrique est interrompue’ ;
    5 ( reduce) to close the gap fig réduire l'écart (between entre) ; to close the gap on sb/sth lit, fig rattraper qn/qch ; to close the gaps ( improve fault) remédier aux lacunes (in dans) ;
    6 ( agree) conclure [deal, contract, sale] ;
    7 Elec fermer [circuit].
    C vi
    1 ( shut) [airport, factory, office, polls, shop, station] fermer (for pour) ; [door, window, container, lid, eyes, mouth] se fermer ; [hand, arms] se (re)fermer (around sur) ; the museum has closed le musée est fermé au public ;
    2 ( cease to operate) [business, factory, mine, institution] fermer définitivement ;
    3 ( end) [meeting, enquiry, play, concert, season] prendre fin ; to close with se terminer par [scene, event, song] ;
    4 Fin [currency, index, shares, market] clôturer (at à) ; the market closed down/up le marché a clôturé en baisse/en hausse ; the pound closed up against the euro la livre (sterling) a clôturé en hausse contre l’euro ;
    5 ( get smaller) se réduire ; the gap is closing between X and Y fig l'écart entre X et Y se réduit ; lit la distance entre X et Y se réduit ;
    6 ( get closer) [pursuer, enemy] se rapprocher (on de) ;
    7 ( heal) [wound] se refermer.
    1 ( shut) [door, window, container, business, public building, shop] fermé ; [fist, mouth, eyes] fermé ; ‘closed’ ( sign in shop) ‘fermé’ ; ( in theatre) ‘relâche’ ; ‘closed for lunch/for repairs’ ‘fermé pour le déjeuner/pour cause de réparations’ ; ‘road closed’ ‘route barrée’ ; ‘closed to the public’ ‘interdit au public’ ; ‘closed to traffic’ ‘circulation interdite’ ; behind closed doors fig à huis clos ;
    2 ( restricted) [community, circle, meeting, organization, economy] fermé ; to have a closed mind avoir l'esprit fermé ;
    3 Math [set] fermé ;
    4 Ling [syllable] fermé.
    close down [shop, business, club, institution] fermer définitivement ; GB, Radio, TV we are now closing down nos émissions sont terminées pour ce soir ;
    close down [sth], close [sth] down fermer [qch] définitivement [business, factory].
    close in [pursuers, enemy] se rapprocher (on de) ; [winter, night] approcher ; [darkness, fog] descendre (on sur) ; [jungle, forest] se refermer ; the nights are closing in les jours commencent à raccourcir.
    close off:
    close off [sth], close [sth] off fermer [qch] au public [district, street, wing].
    close out:
    close out [sth], close [sth] out US Comm liquider [stock] ; vendre [part of business].
    close up:
    1 [flower, petals, wound] se refermer ; [group] se serrer ; [troops] serrer les rangs ;
    2 [shopkeeper, caretaker] fermer ;
    3 he just closes up il refuse d'en parler ;
    close up [sth], close [sth] up
    1 fermer [bank, office, shop] ;
    2 boucher [hole, entrance, pipe].
    close with [sb]
    1 Comm tomber d'accord avec [dealer, trader] (for pour) ;
    2 Mil engager le combat avec [enemy] ;
    close with [sth] Fin accepter [deal, offer].

    Big English-French dictionary > close

  • 36 issue

    1. [ʹıʃu:,ʹısju:] n
    1. 1) выпуск, издание, опубликование

    an over [under] issue - чрезмерный [недостаточный] выпуск

    the issue of stamps [coinage] - выпуск марок [монет]

    the issue of an order [a decree] - издание приказа [декрета]

    2) выпуск, издание; номер, экземпляр (газеты, журнала и т. п.)
    3) выдача

    the issue of passports [certificates] - выдача паспортов [удостоверений]

    4) эк. эмиссия, выпуск

    currency issue - эмиссия денег, выпуск денег в обращение

    2. 1) вытекание, истечение

    the issue of water from a pipe - вытекание /выход/ воды из трубы

    2) выход, выходное отверстие

    an issue for water [smoke] - выход /отверстие/ для воды [дыма]

    3. 1) вопрос, проблема

    international issues of mutual interest - международные проблемы /вопросы/, представляющие взаимный интерес /интерес для обеих сторон/

    2) юр. вопрос, составляющий предмет спора

    issue of fact /in fact/ - спорный вопрос факта, спор о факте

    issue of law /in law/ - спорный вопрос права, спор о праве

    to bring an issue to a close - а) завершить спор; б) разрешить вопрос

    4. исход; результат (чего-л.), итог

    the issue of a combat /a battle/ [a contest] - исход боя [соревнования]

    the issue of an undertaking - результат какого-л. предприятия

    the issues of an idle brain - пустые мысли, возникающие от безделья

    to bring smth. to a successful issue - удачно закончить /завершить/ что-л.

    in the issue - в результате, в итоге, в конечном счёте

    5. обыкн. pl эк. ценные бумаги; доходы, прибыли
    6. мед. выделение
    7. юр. потомок; потомство, дети

    no issue from the marriage survived - ни один ребёнок от этого брака не выжил

    government issue - амер. казённый; казённого образца, военного образца

    to be at issue - а) быть предметом спора, разногласий; б) расходиться во мнениях

    the question at issue is - вопрос /проблема/ состоит в том, что

    to put smth. to the issue - поставить что-л. на обсуждение

    to join issue - а) приступить к обсуждению; вести дискуссию, спорить; б) юр. совместно передать дело на рассмотрение суда ( о сторонах); в) принять решение, предложенное другой стороной

    to take issue - не соглашаться, не идти на что-л.

    to take issue with smb. on smth. - а) начать спор с кем-л. о чём-л.; б) начать тяжбу с кем-л. по поводу чего-л.

    2. [ʹıʃu:,ʹısju:] v
    1. 1) выпускать, издавать; пускать в обращение (деньги и т. п.)

    to issue money [stamps] - выпускать деньги [марки]

    to issue a newspaper [parts of a dictionary] - издавать газету [отдельные части словаря]

    2) выходить ( об издании); издаваться
    3) издавать (указы и т. п.)
    4) воен. отдавать приказы
    5) выдавать
    2. выходить, вытекать, исходить
    3. кончаться, завершаться

    I hope our work will issue well - я надеюсь, что наша работа завершится успешно

    4. обеспечивать, снабжать

    to issue food and clothing to soldiers - выдавать солдатам паёк и обмундирование

    5. юр. родиться, происходить (от кого-л.)

    НБАРС > issue

  • 37 निर् _nir

    निर् ind. A substitute for निस् before vowels and soft consonants conveying the senses of 'out of', 'away from'. 'without', 'free from', and be frequently expressed by 'less', 'un', used with the noun; see the compounds given below; see निस् and cf. अ also.
    -Comp. -अंश a.
    1 whole, entire.
    -2 not entitled to any share of the ancestral property.
    -अक्षः the place of no latitute; i. e. the terrestrial equator (in astronomy). ˚देशः
    1 a first meridian, as Laṅkā.
    -2 a place where the sun is always vertical and the days and nights are equal.
    -3 the equatorial region.
    -अक्षर a. Not knowing the letters, illiterate.
    -अग्नि a. having lost or neg- lected the consecrated fire; स संन्यासी च योगी च न निरग्निर्न चाक्रियः Bg.6.1.
    -अग्र (क) a. divisible without remain- der.
    -अङ्कुश a. 'not curbed by a hook', unchecked, uncontrolled; unruly, independent, completely free, unfettered; निरङ्कुश इव द्विपः Bhāg.; कामो निकामनिरङ्कुशः Gīt.7; निरङ्कुशाः कवयः Sk.; Bh.3.15; Mv.3.39; विनयरुचयः सदैव निरङ्कुशाः Mu.3.6. ˚ता self-will, indepen- dence.
    -अघ a. sinless, blameless.
    -अङ्ग a.
    1 having no parts.
    -2 deprived of expedients or resources.
    -अजिन a. skinless.
    -अञ्जन a.
    1 without collyrium; निरञ्जने साचिविलोलिकं दृशौ Ki.8.52.
    -2 unstained, untinged.
    -3 free from falsehood; तदा विद्वान् पुण्यपापे विधूय निरञ्जनं परमं साम्यमुपैति Munda 3.1.3.
    -4 simple, artless.
    (-नः) 1 an epithet of Śiva.
    -2 N. of the Supreme Being.
    (-ना) 1 the day of full moon.
    -2 an epithet of Durgā.
    -अतिशय a. unsurpassed, matchless, un- rivalled; निरतिशयं गरिमाणं तेन जनन्याः स्मरन्ति विद्वांसः Pt.1.3. (
    -यः) the Supreme Being.
    -अत्यय a.
    1 free from danger, secure, safe; तद्भवान् वृत्तसंपन्नः स्थितः पथि निरत्यये Rām.4.29.12; R.17.53.
    -2 free from fault, unblamable, faultless, disinterested; Ki.1.12, शक्तिरर्थपतिषु स्वयंग्रहं प्रेम कारयति वा निरत्ययम् 13.61.
    -3 com- pletely successful.
    -अधिष्ठान a.
    1 supportless.
    -2 in- dependent.
    -अध्व a. one who has lost one's way.
    -अनुक्रोश a. pitiless, merciless, hard-hearted. (
    -शः) mercilessness, hard-heartedness.
    -अनुग a. having no followers.
    -अनुग्रह a. Ungracious, unkind; Bhāg.5. 12.7.
    -अनुनासिक a. not nasal.
    -अनुमान a. not bound to conclusions or consequences.
    -अनुयोज्य a. unblamable, faultless.
    -अनुरोध a.
    1 unfavourable, unfriendly.
    -2 unkind, unamiable; Māl.1.
    -अन्तर a.
    -1 constant, perpetual, uninterrupted, incessant; निरन्त- राधिपटलैः Bv.1.16; निरन्तरास्वन्तरवातवृष्टिषु Ku.5.25.
    -2 having no intervening or intermediate space, having no interval, close, closely contiguous, in close contact; मूढे निरन्तरपयोधरया मयैव Mk.5.15; हृदयं निरन्तरबृहत्कठिनस्तन- मण्डलावरणमप्यभिदन् Śi.9.66.
    -3 compact, dense; परितो रुद्धनिरन्तराम्बराः Śi.16.76.
    -4 coarse, gross.
    -5 faithful, true (as a friend).
    -6 not hidden from view.
    -7 not different, similar, identical.
    -8 sincere, sympathetic; सुहृदि निरन्तरचित्ते (निवेद्य दुःखं सुखीभवति) Pt.1.341.
    -9 abounding in, full of; निपात्यमानैर्ददृशे निरन्तरम् Rām.7.7. 54; गुणैश्च निरन्तराणि Mv.4.12. (
    -रम्) ind.
    1 without interruption, constantly, continually, incessantly.
    -2 without intervening space or interval.
    -3 closely, tightly, firmly; (परिष्वजस्व) कान्तैरिदं मम निरन्तरमङ्गमङ्गैः Ve.3.27; परिष्वजेते शयने निरन्तरम् Ṛs.2.11.
    -4 immedia- tely. ˚अभ्यासः constant study, diligent exercise or pra- ctice.
    -अन्तराल a.
    1 without an intervening space, close.
    -2 narrow.
    -अन्धस् a. foodless, hungry.
    -अन्वय a.
    1 having no progeny, childless.
    -2 unconnected, unrelated; Ms.8.198.
    -3 not agreeing with the con- text (as a word in a sentence).
    -4 without logical connection or regular sequence, unmethodical.
    -5 without being seen, out of sight; निरन्वयं भवेत् स्तेयम् Ms.8. 332.
    -6 without retinue, unaccompanied, see अन्वय.
    -7 sudden, unexpected; U.7.
    -8 exterminatory, without leaving any species or trace; प्रागाधारनिरन्वयप्रमथनादुच्छेदमे- वाकरोः... Mv.3.13; (com. नाशो द्विविधः--स्वान्वयविनाशः, निरन्वयविनाशश्चेति......निर्वापणादिना सजातीयज्वालोदयानर्हविनाशस्तु निरन्वयविनाशः ।).
    -अपत्रप a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold.
    -अपराध a. guiltless, innocent, faultless, blame- less. (
    -धः) innocence.
    -अपवर्त a.
    1 not turning back.
    -2 (in arith.) leaving no common divisor, reduced to the lowest terms.
    -अपवाद a.
    1 blameless.
    -2 not admitting of any exception.
    -अपाय a.
    1 free from harm or evil.
    -2 free from decay, imperishable.
    -3 infallible; उपायो निरपायो$यमस्माभिरभिचिन्तितः Rām.1.1.2.
    -अपेक्ष a.
    1 not depending on, irrespective or independent of, having no need of (with loc.); न्यायनिर्णीतसारत्वा- न्निरपेक्षमिवागमे Ki.11.39.
    -2 disregarding, taking no notice of.
    -3 free from desire, secure; निरपेक्षो न कर्तव्यो भृत्यैः स्वामी कदाचन H.2.82.
    -4 careless, negligent, indifferent
    -5 indifferent to worldly attachments or pursuits; समुपोढेषु कामेषु निरपेक्षः परिव्रजेत् Ms.6.41.
    -6 disinterested, not expecting any reward from another; दिशि दिशि निरपेक्ष- स्तावकीनं विवृण्वन् Bv.1.5.
    -7 without purpose. (
    -क्षा) indifference, disregard.
    -अपेक्षित a.
    1 disregarded.
    -2 regardless.
    -अपेक्षिन् a. disregarding, indifferent.
    -अभिभव a.
    1 not subject to humiliation or disgrace.
    -2 not to be surpassed, unrivalled.
    -अभिमान a.
    1 free from self-conceit, devoid of pride or egotism.
    -2 void of self-respect.
    -3 unconscious.
    -अभिलाष a. not caring for, indifferent to; स्वसुखनिरभिलाषः खिद्यसे लोकहेतोः Ś.5.7.
    -अभिसंधानम् absence of design.
    -अभ्र a. cloudless.
    -अमर्ष a.
    1 void of anger, patient.
    -2 apa- thetic.
    -अम्बर a. naked.
    -अम्बु a.
    1 abstaining from water.
    -2 waterless, destitute of water.
    -अर्गल a. without a bolt, unbarred, unobstructed, unrestrained, unimpeded, completely free; M.5; मरणसमये त्यक्त्वा शङ्कां प्रलापनिरर्गलम् Māl.5.26. (
    -लम्) ind. freely.
    -अर्थ a.
    1 void of wealth, poor, indigent; स्त्रियः कृतार्थाः पुरुषं निरर्थं निष्पीडितालक्तकवत्त्यजन्ति Pt.1.194.
    -2 meaningless, un- meaning (as a word or sentence).
    -3 non-sensical.
    -4 vain, useless, purposeless.
    (-र्थः) 1 loss, detriment.
    -2 nonsense.
    -अर्थक a.
    1 useless, vain, unprofitable.
    -2 unmeaning, nonsensical, conveying no reasonable meaning; इत्थं जन्म निरर्थकं क्षितितले$रण्ये यथा मालती S. D.
    -3 (a consonant) not followed by a vowel. (
    -कम्) an expletive; निरर्थकं तु हीत्यादि पूरणैकप्रयोजनम् Chandr.2.6.
    -अलंकृतिः (in Rhet.) want of ornament, simplicity.
    -अवकाश a.
    1 without free space.
    -2 without leisure.
    -अवग्रह a.
    1 'free from restraint', unrestrained, un- checked, uncontrolled, irresistible.
    -2 free, indepen- dent.
    -3 self-willed, head-strong. (
    -हम्) ind.
    1 un- interruptedly.
    -2 intensely, strongly.
    -अवद्य a.
    1 blameless, faultless, unblameable, unobjectionable; हृद्य- निरवद्यरूपो भूपो बभूव Dk.1.
    -2 an epithet of the Supreme Being (having no passions).
    -अवधि a. having no end, unlimited; कथं तूष्णीं सह्यो निरवधिरयं त्वप्रतिविधः U. 3.44;6.3; Māl.1.6.
    -2 continuous; महानाधिव्याधि- र्निरवधिरिदानीं प्रसरतु Māl.4.3.
    1 without parts.
    -2 indivisible.
    -3 without limbs.
    -अवलम्ब a.
    1 unsupported, without support; Ś.6.
    -2 not affording support.
    -3 not depending or relying on.
    -अवशेष a. whole, complete, entire, (निरवशेषेण ind. completely, entirely, fully, totally).
    -अवसाद a. cheerful; Gīt.
    -अव्यय a. eternal, immutable.
    - अशन a. abstaining from food. (
    -नम्) fasting.
    -अश्रि a. even; Kau. A.2.11.
    -अष्ट a. Ved. driven away, scattered. (
    -ष्टः) a horse twentyfour years old.
    -अस्त्र a. weaponless, unarmed.
    -अस्थि a. boneless.
    -अहंकार, -अहंकृति a. free from egotism or pride, humble, lowly; Bg.12.13.
    -अहंकृत a.
    1 having no egotism or self-consciousness.
    -2 without individuality.
    -3 unselfish.
    -अहम् a. free from egotism or self-conceit; ह्यनामरूपं निरहं प्रपद्ये Bhāg. 5.19.4.
    -आकाङ्क्ष a.
    1 wishing nothing, free from desire.
    -2 wanting nothing to fill up or complete (as the sense of a word or sentence).
    -आकार a.
    1 devoid of form, formless, without form.
    -2 ugly, deformed.
    -3 disguised.
    -4 unassuming, modest.
    (-रः) 1 the universal spirit, Almighty.
    -2 an epithet of Śiva.
    -3 of Viṣṇu. ˚ज्ञानवादः the doctrine that the perception of the outer world does not arise from images impres- sed on the mind; Sarva. S.
    -आकृति a.
    1 formless, shapeless.
    -2 deformed.
    (-तिः) 1 a religious student who has not duly gone through a course of study, or who has not properly read the Vedas.
    -2 especially, a Brāhmaṇa who has neglected the duties of his caste by not going through a regular course of study; a fool; ग्रामधान्यं यथा शून्यं यथा कूपश्च निर्जलः । यथा हुतमनग्नौ च तथैव स्यान्निराकृतौ ॥ Mb.12.36.48.
    -3 one who neglects the five great religious duties or yajñas; Ms.3.154.
    -आकाश a. leaving no free space, completely filled or occupied,
    -आकुल a.
    1 unconfused, unperplexed, un- bewildered; Ki.11.38.
    -2 steady, calm; सुपात्रनिक्षेपनिरा- कुलात्मना (प्रजासृजा) Śi.1.28.
    -3 clear.
    -4 perspicuous; अलिकुलसङ्कुलकुसुमसमूहनिराकुलबकुलकलापे Gīt.1.
    (-लम्) 1 calmness serenity.
    -2 perspicuity, clearness.
    -आक्रन्द a. not crying or complaining. (
    -दः) a place where no sound can be heard.
    -आक्रोश a. unaccused, unreviled.
    - आगम a. not founded on revelation or scripture, not derived from the Vedas.
    -आगस् a. faultless, innocent, sinless; कथमेकपदे निरागसं जनमाभाष्यमिमं न मन्यसे R.8.48.
    -आचार a. without approved customs or usages, lawless, barbarian.
    -आडम्बर a.
    1 without drums.
    -2 without show, unostentatious.
    -आतङ्क a.
    1 free from fear; R.1.63; निरातङ्को रङ्को विहरति चिरं कोटिकनकैः Śaṅkara (देव्यपराधक्षमापनस्तोत्रम् 6).
    -2 without ailment, comfort- able, healthy.
    -3 not causing pain.
    -4 unchecked, unhampered; निरातङ्कः पङ्केष्विव पिशितपिण्डेषु विलसन् Māl. 5.34. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    - आतप a. sheltered from heat, shady, not penetrated by the sun's rays. (
    -पा) the night.
    - आदर a. disrespectful.
    -आदान a.
    1 taking or receiving nothing; Mb.3.
    -2 an epithet of Buddha.
    -आधार a.
    1 without a receptacle.
    -2 without support, supportless (fig. also); निराधारो हा रोदिमि कथय केषामिह पुरः G. L.4.39.
    -आधि a. secure, free from anxiety.
    -आनन्द a. cheerless, sad, sorrowful.
    -आन्त्र a.
    1 disembowelled.
    -2 having the entrails hanging out.
    -आपद् a. free from misfortune or calamity. (-f.) prosperity.
    -आबाध a.
    1 unvexed, unmolested, undis- turbed, free from disturbance.
    -2 unobstructed.
    -3 not molesting or disturbing.
    -4 (in law) frivolously vexatious (as a suit or cause of complaint); e. g. अस्मद्- गृहप्रदीपप्रकाशेनायं स्वगृहे व्यवहरति Mitā.
    1 free from disease or illness, sound, healthy, hale.
    -2 untainted, pure.
    -3 guileless.
    -4 free from defects or blemishes.
    -5 full, complete.
    -6 infallible.
    -7 not liable to failure or miscarriage. (
    -यः, यम्) freedom from disease or illness, health, well-being, welfare, happiness; कुरूणां पाण्डवानां च प्रतिपत्स्व निरामयम् Mb.5.78.8.
    (-यः) 1 a wild goat.
    -2 a hog or boar.
    -आमिष a.
    1 fleshless; निरुपमरसप्रीत्या खादन्नरास्थि निरामिषम् Bh.
    -2 having no sensual desires or covetousness; Ms.6.49.
    -3 receiving no wages or remuneration.
    -आय a. yielding no income or revenue, profitless.
    -यः an idler living from hand to mouth.
    1 full-stretched or extended; निरायतपूर्वकायाः Ś.1.8.
    -2 contracted, compact.
    -आय- -तत्वम् shortness, compactness; निरायतत्वादुदरेण ताम्यता Ki.8.17.
    -आयति a. one whose end is at hand; नियता लघुता निरायतेः Ki.2.14.
    -आयास a. not fatiguing, easy.
    -आयुध a. unarmed, weaponless.
    -आरम्भ a. abstaining from all work (in good sense); Mb.3.82.11.
    -आलम्ब a.
    1 having no prop or support (fig. also); ऊर्ध्वबाहुं निरालम्बं तं राजा प्रत्यभाषत Rām.7.89.1; निरालम्बो लोकः कुलमयशसा नः परिवृतम् Mv.4.53.
    -2 not depending on another, independent.
    -3 self-supported, friendless, alone; निरालम्बो लम्बोदरजननि कं यामि शरणम् Jag. (
    -म्बा) spikenard. (
    -म्बम्) Brahman.
    -आलोक a.
    1 not looking about or seeing.
    -2 deprived of sight.
    -3 deprived of light, dark; निरालोकं लोकम् Māl.5.3; Bhāg.8.24.35.
    -5 invisible. (
    -कः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -आवर्ण a. manifest, evident.
    -आश a.
    1 devoid of hope, despairing or despondent of; मनो बभूवेन्दुमतीनिराशम् R.6.2.
    -2 depriving (one) of all hope.
    -आशक, -आशिन् a. hopeless; अद्य दुर्योधनो राज्याज्जीविताच्च निराशकः (भविष्यति) Mb.8.74.13.
    -आशङ्क a. fearless.
    -आशा hopeless- ness, despair.
    -आशिस् a.
    1 without a boon or blessing, without virtues; आश्रमा विहिताः सर्वे वर्जयित्वा निराशिषम् Mb.12.63.13.
    -2 without any desire, wish or hope, indifferent; निराशीर्यतचित्तात्मा Bg.4.21; जगच्छ- रण्यस्य निराशिषः सतः Ku.5.76.
    -आश्रय a.
    1 without a prop or support, supportless, unsupported; न तिष्ठति निराश्रयं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.41.
    -2 friendless, destitute, alone, without shelter or refuge; निराश्रयाधुना वत्सलता.
    -3 not deep (as a wound).
    -आस्वाद a. tasteless, insipid, un- savoury.
    -आहार a. 'foodless', fasting, abstaining from food. (
    -रः) fasting; कालो$ग्निः कर्म मृद् वायुर्मनो ज्ञानं तपो जलम् । पश्चात्तापो निराहारः सर्वे$मी शुद्धिहेतवः ॥ Y.3.31.
    -इङ्ग a. immovable, stationary; यथा दीपो निवातस्थो निरिङ्गो ज्वलते पुनः Mb.12.46.6.
    -इच्छ a. without wish or desire, indifferent.
    -इन्द्रिय a.
    1 having lost a limb or the use of it.
    -2 mutilated, maimed.
    -3 weak, infirm, frail; Kaṭh.1.1.3.
    -4 barren.
    -5 without प्रमाण or means of certain knowledge; निरिन्द्रिया ह्यमन्त्राश्च स्त्रियो$नृत- मिति स्थितिः Ms.9.18.
    -6 destitute of manly vigour, impotent (Ved.).
    -इन्धन a. destitute of fuel.
    -ईति a. free from the calamities of the season; निरातङ्का निरीतयः R.1.63; see ईति.
    -ईश्वर a. godless, atheistic. -˚वाद atheistic doctrine.
    -ईषम् the body of a plough.
    -ईह a.
    1 desireless, indifferent; निरीहाणामीशस्तृणमिव तिरस्कारविषयः Mu.3.16.
    -2 inactive; निरीहस्य हतद्विषः R.1.24.
    (-हा), -निरीहता, -त्वम् 1 inactivity.
    -2 indifference.
    -उच्छ्वास a.
    1 breathless, without breathing; निरुच्छ्वासं हरिं चक्रुः Rām.7.7.6.
    -2 narrow, contracted; उपेयुषो वर्त्म निरन्तराभिरसौ निरुच्छ्वासमनीकिनीभिः Śi.3.32.
    -3 dead; निरुच्छ्वासाः पुनः केचित् पतिता जगतीतले Rām.6.58.13. (
    -सः) absence of breath; लोका निरुच्छ्वासनिपीडिता भृशम् Bhāg.4. 8.8.
    -उत्तर a.
    1 answerless, without a reply.
    -2 un- able to answer, silenced.
    -3 having no superior.
    -उत्थ a. irrecoverable.
    -उद्धति a. not jolting (a chariot); अभूतल- स्पर्शतया निरुद्धतिः Ś.7.1. (v. l.)
    -उत्सव a. without festivi- ties; विरतं गेयमृतुर्निरुत्सवः R.8.66.
    -उत्साह a.
    1 inactive, indolent.
    -2 devoid of energy.
    (-हः) 1 absence of energy.
    -2 indolence.
    -उत्सुक a.
    1 indifferent.
    -2 calm, tranquil.
    - उदक a. waterless.
    1 having no belly or trunk.
    -2 thin (अतुन्दिल); श्रीमान्निरुदरो महान् Rām.3.16.31.
    -उद्यम, -उद्योग a. effortless, inactive, lazy, idle.
    उद्विग्न, -उद्वेग a. free from excitement or perturbation, sedate, calm.
    -उपक्रम a.
    1 without a commencement.
    -2 incurable.
    -उपद्रव a.
    1 free from calamity or affliction, not visited by danger or adver- sity, lucky, happy, undisturbed, unmolested, free from hostile attacks.
    -2 free from national distress or tyranny.
    -3 causing no affliction.
    -4 auspicious (as a star).
    -5 secure, peaceful.
    -उपधि a. guileless, honest; U.2.2. ˚जीवन a. leading an honest life. (v. l.).
    -उपपत्ति a. unsuitable.
    1 without any title or designation; अरे आर्यचारुदत्तं निरुपपदेन नाम्नालपसि Mk.1.18/19.
    -2 unconnected with a subordinate word.
    -उपप्लव a.
    1 free from disturbance, obstacle or calamity, unharmed; निरुपप्लवानि नः कर्माणि संवृत्तानि Ś3.
    -2 not causing any affliction or misery.
    -3 an epithet of Śiva.
    -उपभोग a. without enjoyment; संसरति निरुपभोगं भावैरधिवासितं लिङ्गम् Sāṅ. K.4.
    - उपम a. peerless, matchless, incomparable.
    -उपसर्ग free from portents.
    -उपस्कृत a. not corrupted, pure; of self-denying temperament; शमेन तपसा चैव भक्त्या च निरुपस्कृतः । शुद्धात्मा ब्राह्मणो रात्रौ निदर्शनमपश्यत ॥ Mb.12.271.14.
    1 not injured, unhurt.
    -2 auspicious, lucky.
    -उपाख्य a.
    1 unreal, false, non-existent (as वन्ध्यापुत्र).
    -2 immaterial.
    -3 invisible. (
    -ख्यम्) the supreme Brahman.
    -उपाधि (क) a. without qualities, absolute.
    -उपाय a.
    1 without expedients, helpless.
    -2 unsuc- cessful.
    -उपेक्ष a.
    1 free from trick or fraud.
    -2 not neglectful.
    -उष्मन् a. devoid of heat, cold.
    -गन्ध a. void of smell, scentless, unfragrant, inodorous; निर्गन्धा इव किंशुकाः. ˚पुष्पी f. the Śālmali tree.
    -गर्व a. free from pride.
    -गवाक्ष a. windowless.
    -गुण a.
    1 stringless (as a bow).
    -2 devoid of all properties.
    -3 devoid of good qualities, bad, worthless; निर्गुणः शोभते नैव विपुलाड- म्बरो$पि ना Bv.1.115.
    -4 without attributes; साकारं च निराकारं सगुणं निर्गुणं विभुम् Brahmavai. P.
    -5 having no epithet. (
    -णः) the Supreme Spirit. ˚आत्मक a. having no qualities.
    -गृहः a. houseless, homeless; सुगृही निर्गृही- कृता Pt.39.
    -गौरव a.
    1 without dignity, undignified.
    -2 devoid of respect.
    -ग्रन्थ a.
    1 freed from all ties or hindrances; आत्मारामाश्च मुनयो निर्ग्रन्था अप्युरुक्रमे । कुर्वन्त्यहैतुकीं भक्तिम् Bhāg.1.7.1.
    -2 poor, possessionless, beggarly.
    -3 alone, unassisted.
    (-न्थः) 1 an idiot, a fool.
    -2 a gambler.
    -3 a saint or devotee who has renounced all worldly attachments and wanders about naked and lives as a hermit.
    -4 A Buddha Muni.
    -ग्रन्थक a.
    1 clever, expert.
    -2 unaccompanied, alone.
    -3 deserted, abandoned.
    -4 fruitless. (
    -कः 1 a religious mendicant.
    -2 a naked devotee.
    -3 a gam- bler.
    -ग्रन्थिक a. clever. (
    -कः) a naked mendicant, a Jaina mendicant of the Digambara class.
    -घटम् 1 a free market.
    -2 a crowded market.
    -घण्टः See निघण्टः.
    -घृण a.
    1 cruel, merciless, pitiless.
    -2 shame- less, immodest.
    -घृणा cruelty.
    -घोष a. noiseless, still, calm.
    -जन a.
    1 tenantless, uninhabited, unfrequented, lonely, desolate.
    -2 without any retinue or attendants; भूयश्चैवाभिरक्षन्तु निर्धनान्निर्जना इव Mb.12.151.7. (
    -नम्) a desert, solitude, lonely place.
    -जन्तु a. free from living germs; H. Yoga.
    -जर a.
    1 young, fresh.
    -2 imperishable, immortal. (
    -रः) a deity, god; (nom. pl. निर्जराः -निर्जरसः) (
    -रम्) ambrosia, nectar.
    -जरायु a. Ved. skinless.
    -जल a.
    1 waterless, desert, destitute of water.
    -2 not mixed with water. (
    -लः) a waste, desert. ˚एकादशी N. of the eleventh day in the bright half of Jyeṣṭha.
    -जाड्य free from coldness.
    -जिह्वः a frog.
    -जीव a.
    1 lifeless.
    -2 dead; चिता दहति निर्जीवं चिन्ता दहति जीवितम्.
    -ज्ञाति a. having no kinsmen, alone.
    -ज्वर a. feverless, healthy.
    -दण्डः a Śūdra.
    -दय a.
    1 merci- less, cruel, pitiless, unmerciful, unkind.
    -2 passion- ate.
    -3 very close, firm or fast, strong, excessive, violent; मुग्धे विधेहि मयि निर्दयदन्तदंशम् Gīt.1; निर्दयरति- श्रमालसाः R.19.32; निर्दयाश्लेषहेतोः Me.18.
    -4 unpitied by any; निर्दया निर्नमस्कारास्तन्मनोरनुशासनम् Ms.9.239.
    -दयम् ind.
    1 unmercifully, cruelly.
    -2 violently, excessively; न प्रहर्तुमलमस्मि निर्दयम् R.11.84.
    -दश a. more than ten days old; यदा पशुर्निर्दशः स्यादथ मेध्यो भवे- दिति Bhāg.9.7.11.
    - दशन a. toothless.
    -दाक्षिण्य a. uncourteous.
    -दुःख a.
    1 free from pain, painless.
    -2 not causing pain.
    -दैन्य a. happy, comfortable.
    -दोष a.
    1 faultless, defectless; न निर्दोषं न निर्गुणम्
    -2 guiltless, innocent.
    -द्रव्य a.
    1 immaterial.
    -2 without property, poor.
    -द्रोह a. not hostile, friendly, well-disposed, not malicious.
    -द्वन्द्व a.
    1 indifferent in regard to opposite pairs of feelings (pleasure or pain), neither glad nor sorry; निर्द्वन्द्वो निर्ममो भूत्वा चरिष्यामि मृगैः सह Mb.1.85.16; निर्द्वन्द्वो नित्यसत्त्वस्थो निर्योगक्षेम आत्मवान् Bg.2.45.
    -2 not dependent upon another, independent.
    -3 free from jealousy or envy.
    -4 not double.
    -5 not contested, un- disputed.
    -6 not acknowledging two principles.
    -धन a. without property, poor, indigent; शशिनस्तुल्यवंशो$पि निर्धनः परिभूयते Chāṇ.82. (
    -नः) an old ox. ˚ता, ˚त्वम् poverty, indigence.
    -धर्म a. unrighteous, impious, unholy.
    -धूम a. smokeless.
    -धौत a. cleansed, rendered clean; निर्धौत- दानामलगण्डभित्तिर्वन्यः सरित्तो गज उन्ममज्ज R.5.43.
    -नमस्कार a.
    1 not courteous or civil, not respecting any one.
    -2 disrespected, despised.
    -नर a. abandoned by men, deserted.
    -नाणक a. coinless, penniless; Mk.2.
    -नाथ a. without a guardian or master. ˚ता
    1 want of protection.
    -2 widowhood.
    -3 orphanage.
    -नाभि a. going or reaching beyond the navel; निर्नाभि कौशेयमुपात्तबाणम् Ku.7.7.
    -नायक a. having no leader or ruler, anarchic.
    -नाशन, -नाशिन् a. expelling, banishing.
    -निद्र a. sleepless, wakeful.
    -निमित्त a.
    1 causeless.
    -2 disinterested.
    -निमेष a. not twinkling.
    -बन्धु a. without kindred or relation, friendless.
    -बल n. powerless, weak, feeble.
    -बाध a.
    1 unobstructed.
    -2 unfrequented, lonely, solitary.
    -3 unmolested.
    (-धः) 1 a part of the marrow.
    -2 a knob.
    -बीज a. seedless, impotent. (
    -जा) a sort of grape (Mar. बेदाणा).
    -बुद्धि a. stupid, ignorant, foolish.
    -बुष, -बुस a. unhusked, freed from chaff.
    -भक्त a. taken without eating (as a medicine).
    -भय a.
    1 fearless, undaunted.
    -2 free from danger, safe, secure; निर्भयं तु भवेद्यस्य राष्ट्रं बाहुबलाश्रितम् Ms.9.255.
    -भर a.
    1 excessive, vehement, violent, much, strong; त्रपाभरनिर्भर- स्मरशर &c. Gīt.12; तन्व्यास्तिष्ठतु निर्भरप्रणयिता मानो$पि रम्यो- दयः Amaru.47.
    -2 ardent.
    -3 fast, close (as embrace); कुचकुम्भनिर्भरपरीरम्भामृतं वाञ्छति Gīt.; परिरभ्य निर्भरम् Gīt.1.
    -4 sound, deep (as sleep).
    -5 full of, filled with (at the end of comp.); आनन्द˚, गर्व˚ &c. (
    -रः) a servant receiving no wages. (
    -रम्) excess. (
    -रम् ind.)
    1 ex- cessively, exceedingly, intensely.
    -2 soundly.
    -भाग्य a. unfortunate, unlucky.
    -भाज्य a. to be separated; स निर्भाज्यः स्वकादंशात् किंचिद्दत्वोपजीवनम् Ms.9.27.
    -भृतिः a. without wages, hireless.
    -भोगः a. not fond of plea- sures.
    -मक्षिक a. 'free from flies', undisturbed, private, lonely. (
    -कम्) ind. without flies, i. e. lonely, private; कृतं भवतेदानीं निर्मक्षिकम् Ś.2,6.
    -मज्ज a. fatless, meagre.
    -मत्सर a. free from envy, unenvious; निर्मत्सरे मत्समे वत्स... वसुन्धराभारमारोप्य Rāmāyaṇachampū.
    -मत्स्य a. fishless.
    -मद a.
    1 not intoxicated, sober, quiet.
    -2 not proud, humble.
    -3 sad, sorry.
    -4 not in rut (as an elephant).
    -मनुज, -मनुष्य a. tenantless, uninhabited, deserted by men.
    -मन्तु a. faultless, innocent.
    -मन्त्र a.
    1 a ceremony, unaccompanied by holy texts.
    -2 not familiar with holy texts; Mb.12.36.43.
    -मन्यु, -मन्युक a. free from anger; Mb.5.133.4.
    -मम a.
    1 free from all connections with the outer world, who has renounced all worldly ties; संसारमिव निर्ममः (ततार) R.12.6; Bg.2.71; निराशीर्निर्ममो भूत्वा युध्यस्व विगतज्वरः 3.3.
    -2 unselfish, disinterested.
    -3 indifferent to (with loc.); निर्ममे निर्ममो$र्थेषु मथुरां मधुराकृतिः R.15.28; प्राप्तेष्वर्थेषु निर्ममाः Mb.
    -4 an epithet of Śiva.
    -मर्याद a.
    1 boundless, immeasurable.
    -2 transgressing the limits of right or propriety, unrestrained, unruly, sinful, criminal; मनुजपशुभिर्निर्मर्यादैर्भवद्भिरुदायुधैः Ve.3.22.
    -3 confused.
    -4 insolent, immodest. (
    -दम्) ind. confusedly, topsy- turvy. (
    -दम्) confusion, disorder.
    -मल a.
    1 free from dirt or impurities, clear, pure, stainless, unsullied (fig. also); नीरान्निर्मलतो जनिः Bv.1.63.
    -2 resplendent, bright; Bh.1.56.
    -3 sinless, virtuous; निर्मलाः स्वर्गमायान्ति सन्तः सुकृतिनो यथा Ms.8.318.
    (-लम्) 1 talc.
    -2 the remainings of an offering made to a deity. ˚उपलः a crystal.
    - मशक a. free from gnats.
    -मांस a. fleshless; स्वल्प- स्नायुवसावशेषमलिनं निर्मांसमप्यस्थिकम् Bh.2.3.
    -मान a.
    1 without self-confidence.
    -2 free from pride.
    -मानुष a. uninhabited, desolate.
    -मार्ग a. roadless, pathless.
    -मिथ्य a. not false, true; H. Yoga.
    -मुटः 1 a tree bearing large blossoms.
    -2 the sun.
    -3 a rogue. (
    -टम्) a large free market or fair.
    -मूल a.
    1 rootless (as a tree).
    -2 baseless, unfounded (statement, charge &c.).
    -3 eradicated.
    -मेघ a. cloudless.
    -मेध a. without un- derstanding, stupid, foolish, dull.
    -मोह a. free from illusion. (
    -हः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -यत्न a. inactive, lazy, dull.
    -यन्त्रण a.
    1 unrestrained, unobstructed, uncontrolled, unrestricted.
    -2 unruly, self-willed, in- dependent.
    (-णम्) 1 squeezing out.
    -2 absence of restraint, independence.
    -यशस्क a. without fame, dis- creditable, inglorious.
    -युक्त a.
    1 constructed, built.
    -2 directed.
    -3 (in music) limited to metre and mea- sure.
    -युक्ति f.
    1 disunion.
    -2 absence of connection or government.
    -3 unfitness, impropriety.
    -युक्तिक a.
    1 disjoined, unconnected.
    -2 illogical, unmeaning.
    -3 unfit, improper.
    -यूथ a. separated from the herd, strayed from the flock (as an elephant).
    -यूष = निर्यास.
    -योगक्षेम a. free from care (about acquisition); Bg.2. 45.
    -रक्त a. (
    -नीरक्त) colourless, faded.
    -रज, -रजस्क a.
    (-नीरज, नीरजस्क) 1 free from dust.
    -2 devoid of passion or darkness. (
    -जः) an epithet of Śiva.
    -रजस् (नरिजस्) a. see
    नीरज. (-f.) a woman not men- struating. ˚तमसा absence of passion or darkness.
    -रत (नीरत) a. not attached to, indifferent.
    -रन्ध्र a.
    (नीरन्ध्र) 1 without holes or interstices, very close or contiguous, thickly situated; नीरन्ध्रनीरनिचुलानि सरित्तटानि U.2.23.
    -2 thick, dense.
    -3 coarse, gross.
    -रव a. (
    -नीरव) not making any noise, noiseless; गतिविभ्रमसाद- नीरवा (रसना) R.8.58.
    -रस a.
    (नीरस) 1 tasteless, unsavoury, flavourless.
    -2 (fig.) insipid, without any poetic charm; नीरसानां पद्मानाम् S. D.1.
    -3 sapless, without juice, withered or dried up; Ś. Til.9.
    -4 vain, use- less, fruitless; अलब्धफलनीरसान् मम विधाय तस्मिन् जने V.2.11.
    -5 disagreeable.
    -6 cruel, merciless. (
    -सः) the pomegranate.
    - रसन a. (
    नीरसन) having no girdle (रसना); Ki.5.11.
    -रुच् a. (
    नीरुच्) without lustre, faded, dim; परिमलरुचिराभिर्न्यक्कृतास्तु प्रभाते युवतिभिरुप- भोगान्नीरुचः पुष्पमालाः Śi.11.27.
    -रुज्, -रुज a. (नीरुज्, नीरुज) free from sickness, healthy, sound; नीरुजस्य किमौषधैः H.1.
    -रूप a. (नीरूप) formless, shapeless.
    (-पः) 1 air, wind.
    -2 a god. (
    -पम्) ether.
    -रोग a. (नीरोग) free from sickness or disease, healthy, sound; यथा नेच्छति नीरोगः कदाचित् सुचिकित्सकम् Pt.1.118.
    -लक्षण a.
    1 having no auspicious marks, ill-featured.
    -2 undisting- uished.
    -3 unimportant, insignificant.
    -4 unspotted.
    -5 having a white back.
    -लक्ष्य a. invisible.
    -लज्ज a. shameless, impudent.
    -लाञ्छनम् the marking of dome- stic animals (by perforating the nose &c.).
    -लिङ्ग a. having no distinguishing or characteristic marks.
    -लिप्त a.
    1 unanointed.
    -2 undefiled, unsullied.
    -3 indifferent to.
    (-प्तः) 1 N. of Kṛiṣṇa.
    -2 a sage.
    -लून a. cut through or off.
    -लेप a.
    1 unsmeared, unanointed; निर्लेपं काञ्चनं भाण्डमद्भिरेव विशुध्यति Ms.5.112.
    -2 stainless, sinless. (
    -पः) a sage.
    -लोभ a. free from desire or avarice, unavaricious.
    -लोमन् a. devoid of hair, hairless.
    -वंश a. without posterity, childless.
    1 not speaking, silent.
    -2 unobjectionable, blameless; (for other senses see the word separately).
    -नम् ind. silently; माल्येन तां निर्वचनं जघान Ku.7.19.
    -वण, -वन a.
    1 being out of a wood.
    -2 free from woods.
    -3 bare, open.
    -वत्सल a. not loving or fondling (esp. children); निर्वत्सले सुतशतस्य विपत्तिमेतां त्वं नानुचिन्तयसि Ve.5.3.
    -वर = निर्दरम् q. v.
    -वसु a. destitute of wealth, poor.
    -वाच्य a.
    1 not fit to be said.
    -2 blameless, unobjectionable; सखीषु निर्वाच्य- मधार्ष्ट्यदूषितं प्रियाङ्गसंश्लेषमवाप मानिनी Ki.8.48.
    -वात a. free or sheltered from wind, calm, still; हिमनिष्यन्दिनी प्रातर्निर्वातेव वनस्थली R.15.66. (
    -तः) a place sheltered from or not exposed to wind; निर्वाते व्यजनम् H.2.124.
    -वानर a. free from monkeys.
    -वायस a. free from crows.
    -वार्य a.
    1 irresistible.
    -2 acting fearlessly or boldly.
    -विकल्प, -विकल्पक a.
    1 not admitting an alternative.
    -2 being without determination or resolu- tion.
    -3 not capable of mutual relation.
    -4 conditioned.
    -5 undeliberative.
    -6 recognizing no such distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; as applied to समाधि or contemplation, it is 'an exclusive concentration upon the one entity without distinct and separate consciousness of the knower, the known, and the knowing, and without even self-consciousness'; निर्विकल्पकः ज्ञातृज्ञानादिविकल्पभेद- लयापेक्षः; नो चेत् चेतः प्रविश सहसा निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Bh.3.61; आत्मारामा विहितरतयो निर्विकल्पे समाधौ Ve.1.23.
    -7 (in phil.) not arising from the relation of the qualifier and the qualified, (विशेषणविशेष्यसंबन्धानवगाहि प्रत्यक्षं ज्ञानम्) said of knowledge not derived from the senses, as घटत्व. (
    -ल्पम्) ind. without hesitation or wavering.
    -विकार a.
    1 unchanged, unchangeable, immutable.
    -2 not dispos- ed; तौ स्थास्यतस्ते नृपती निदेशे परस्परावग्रहनिर्विकारौ M.5.14.
    -3 disinterested; तरुविटपलतानां बान्धवो निर्विकारः Ṛs.2.28. (
    -रः) the Supreme deity.
    -विकास a. unblown.
    -विघ्न a. uninterrupted, unobstructed, free from impediments; निर्विघ्नं कुरु मे देव सर्वकार्येषु सर्वदा. (
    -घ्नम्) absence of impedi- ment.
    -विचार a. not reflecting, thoughtless, incon- siderate; रे रे स्वैरिणि निर्विचारकविते मास्मत्प्रकाशीभव Chandr. 1.2. (
    -रम्) ind. thoughtlessly, unhesitatingly.
    -वि- चिकित्स a. free from doubt or reflection.
    -विचेष्ट a. motionless, insensible; यो हि दिष्टमुपासीनो निर्विचेष्टः सुखं शयेत् Mb.3.32.14.
    -वितर्क a. unreflecting.
    -विनोद a. without amusement, void of pastime, diversion or solace; शङ्के रात्रौ गुरुतरशुचं निर्विनोदां सखीं ते Me.9.
    -विन्ध्या N. of a river in the Vindhya hills; निर्विन्ध्यायाः पथि भव रसाभ्यन्तरः सन्निपत्य Me.28.
    -विमर्श a.
    1 void of reflec- tion, thoughtless.
    -2 not having विमर्श Sandhi.
    -विवर a.
    1 having no opening or cavity.
    2 without interstices or interval, close, compact; घटते हि संहततया जनितामिदमेव निर्विवरतां दधतोः Śi.9.44.
    -विवाद a.
    1 not contending or disagreeing.
    -2 undisputed, not contra- dicted or disputed, universally acknowledged.
    -विवेक a. indiscreet, void of judgment, wanting in discrimination, foolish.
    -विशङ्क a. fearless, undaunted, confident; Ms.7.176; यस्मिन्कृत्यं समावेश्य निर्विशङ्केन चेतसा । आस्यते सेवकः स स्यात् कलत्रमिव चापरम् ॥ Pt.1.85.
    -विशेष a. showing or making no difference, indiscriminating, without dis- tinction; निर्विशेषा वयं त्वयि Mb.; निर्विशेषो विशेषः Bh.3.5. 'a difference without distinction'.
    -2 having no difference, same, like, not differing from (oft. in comp.); निर्विशेषाकृति 'having the same form'; प्रवातनीलो- त्पलनिर्विशेषम् Ku.1.46; स निर्विशेषप्रतिपत्तिरासीत् R.14.22.
    -3 indiscriminate, promiscuous. (
    -षः) absence of difference. (निर्विशेषम् and निर्विशेषेण are used adverbially in the sense of 'without difference', 'equally', indiscrimi- nately'; क्रुद्धेन विप्रमुक्तो$यं निर्विशेषं प्रियाप्रिये Rām.7.22.41. स्वगृहनिर्विशेषमत्र स्थीयताम् H.1; R.5.6.).
    -विशेषण a. without attributes.
    -विष a. poisonless (as a snake); निर्विषा डुण्डुभाः स्मृताः.
    -विषङ्ग a. not attached, indifferent.
    -विषय a.
    1 expelled or driven away from one's home, residence or proper place; मनोनिर्विषयार्थकामया Ku.5.38; R.9.32; also
    -निर्विषयीकृत; वने प्राक्कलनं तीर्थं ये ते निर्विषयी- कृताः Rām.2.14.4.
    -2 having no scope or sphere of action; किंच एवं काव्यं प्रविरलविषयं निर्विषयं वा स्यात् S. D.1.
    -3 not attached to sensual objects (as mind).
    -विषाण a. destitute of horns.
    -विहार a. having no pleasure.
    -वीज, -बीज a.
    1 seedless.
    -2 impotent.
    -3 causeless.
    -वीर a.
    1 deprived of heroes; निर्वीरमुर्वीतलम् P. R.1.31.
    -2 cowardly.
    -वीरा a woman whose husband and children are dead.
    -वीर्य a. powerless, feeble, unmanly, impotent; निर्वीर्यं गुरुशापभाषितवशात् किं मे तवेवायुधम् Ve.3.34.
    -वीरुध, -वृक्ष a. treeless.
    -वृत्ति f. accomplishment, achievement; अत आसां निर्वृत्त्या अपवर्गः स्यात् । आतण्डुलनिर्वृत्तेः आ च पिष्टनिर्वृत्तेरभ्यास इति ॥ ŚB. on MS.11.1.27. -a. having no occupation, destitute. See निर्वृति.
    -वृष a. depriv- ed of bulls.
    -वेग a. not moving, quiet, calm.
    -वेतन a honorary, unsalaried.
    -वेद a. not acknowledging the Vedas, an atheist, infidel.
    -वेष्टनम् a. a weaver's shuttle.
    -वैर a. free from enmity, amicable, peaceable. (
    -रम्) absence of enmity.
    -वैलक्ष्य a. shameless.
    -व्यञ्जन a.
    1 straight-forward.
    -2 without condiment. (
    -नम् ind.) plainly, in a straight-forward or honest manner.
    -व्यथ, -न a.
    1 free from pain.
    -2 quiet, calm.
    -व्यथनम् a hole; छिद्रं निर्व्यथनम् Ak.
    -व्यपेक्ष a. indifferent to, regardless of; मृग्यश्च दर्भाङ्कुरनिर्व्यपेक्षास्तवागतिज्ञं समबोधयन् माम् R.13.25;14.39.
    -व्यलीक a.
    1 not hurting or offending.
    -2 without pain.
    -3 pleased, doing anything willingly.
    -4 sincere, genuine, undissembling.
    -व्यवधान a. (ground) uncovered, bare.
    -व्यवश्थ a. moving hither and thither.
    -व्यसन a. free from bad inclination.
    -व्याकुल a. calm.
    -व्याघ्र a. not haunted or infested by tigers.
    -व्याज a.
    1 candid, upright, honest, plain.
    -2 without fraud, true, genuine.
    -3 got by heroism or daring deeds (not by fraud or cowardly conduct); अशस्त्रपूतनिर्व्याजम् (महामांसम्) Māl.5.12. (v. l.)
    -4 not hypocritical; धर्मस्य निर्व्याजता (विभूषणम्) Bh.2.82. (
    -जम् ind.) plainly, honestly, candidly; निर्व्याजमालिङ्गितः Amaru.85.
    -व्याजीकृत a. made plain, freed from deceit.
    -व्यापार a.
    1 without employment or business, free from occupation; तं दधन्मैथिलीकण्ठनिर्व्यापारेण बाहुना R.15.56.
    -2 motionless; U.6.
    -व्यावृत्ति a. not invol- ving any return (to worldly existence).
    -व्रण a.
    1 un- hurt, without wounds.
    -2 without rents.
    -व्रत a. not observing vows.
    -व्रीड a. shameless, impudent.
    -हिमम् cessation of winter.
    -हेति a. weaponless.
    -हेतु a. cause- less, having no cause or reason.
    -ह्रीक a.
    1 shameless, impudent.
    -2 bold, daring.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > निर् _nir

  • 38 well

    n. 1. худаг. dig/ sink a \well худаг ухах/ булах. 2. газрын тосны цооног. 3. булаг, шанд. He brought some water from the \well. Тэр булгаас ус авчрав. 4. цахилгаан шатны бүхээг. 5. өмгөөлөгчдийн суудал. v. \well (out/ up) ундрах, оргилох. blood \welled out the wound шархнаас цус олгойдон гоожив. adj. (better, best) 1. эрүүл саруул. Get \well soon! Түргэн эдгээрэй! 2. сайн, сайхан. He knows me \well. Тэр намайг сайн мэднэ. 3. тустай, өлзийтэй. It would be \well to start early. Замдаа эртхэн гарсан нь дээр. all very well (for sb)... хэлэхэд амархан л даа. It`s all very \well (for you) to say you want a new car, but I`m the one who will pay for it. Шинэ машин авах хэрэгтэй байна гэж хэлэх чамд амархан байгаа л даа, гэвч тэр машины чинь мөнгийг би төлнөх биз дээ. all well and good энэ бүхэн сайхан ч. An extra day`s leave is all \well and good, but what about the bonus we were promised. Илүү хоног амрана гэдэг сайхан ч гэлээ, нөгөө амлаад байсан шагнал юу болсон бэ. (just) as well (to do) тохиромжтой, боломжтой. It would be (just) as \well to phone and say we may be late. Оройтож магадгүй гэдгээ утасдаж хэлвэл дээр бишүү. adv. (better, best) 1. сайн, сайхан. The conference was very \well organized. Бага хурлыг тун сайн зохион байгуулжээ. 2. бүрэн, гүйцэд. I`m \well able to on my own. Бүх юмны учрыг би өөрөө олчихож чадна. 3. тун, нэн, үлэмж. It was \well worth waiting him. Түүнийг хүлээсэн нь тун сайн хэрэг боллоо. as well (as sb/ sth) бас, мөн, үүнээс гадна. She is a talented musician as \well as being a photographer. Тэр бүсгүй гэрэл зурагчнаасаа гадна бас хөгжимчин юм. be well out of sth цагий нь олж мултарч амжих. be well up in sth сайн мэддэг, гүн мэдлэгтэй. He`s \well up in the latest developments in the industry. Үйлдвэрлэлд гарсан хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн дэвшилтэт арга технологийн тухай тэр сайн мэднэ. do oneself well амиа хоохойлох, хувиа борлуулчих. do well for oneself аз хийморьтой байх. do well 1. хийморьтой байх. Jack is doing very \well at school. Жэк тун сайн сурч байгаа. 2. сайжирч байгаа, тэнхэрч байгаа. Mother and baby are doing \well. Төрсөн эх болон хүүхдийн биеийн байдал сайжирч байна. do well by sb хэн нэгнийг асарч тэтгэх. do well to do sth сайн болох, цагаа олох. You did \well to sell when the price was high. Үнэ өндөр байхад зарсан чинь сайн хэрэг боллоо. do well out of sb/ sth ашиг орлого олох, мөнгө авах. Some firms did \well out of the war. Зарим пүүс компани дайнаас ашиг орлого их олсон. fucking well/ bloody well мэдээж, тэгж л таарна. pretty/ pretty much/ nearly well давгүй сайн. very well за за, тэгье. well and truly бүрэн, үнэхээр. By that time we were \well and truly lost. Тэр үед бид бусдаасаа бүр төөрчихөөд байв. well away 1. бусдаасаа тасархай түрүүлсэн. 2. ухаангүй болтлоо согтсон, нам унтсан. well in (with sb) эвтэй сайн, нөхөрсөг. well off мөнгө сайтай. well off for sth элбэг дэлбэг, баян. well-adjustad adj. нуруутай, буурь суурьтай. well-advised adj. ухаалаг, хэрсүү. a \well-advised move ухаалаг алхам. well-appointed adj. зохих ёсоор тохижуулсан. a \well-appointed office сайхан тохижуулсан албан тасалгаа. well-balanced adj. 1. төлөв томоотой, гүдэсхэн. 2. хир тэнцүүлсэн, эрүүл мэндэд сайн (хоол, хоолны дэг). well-behaved adj. хүмүүжил сайтай. a \well-behaved child хүмүүжилтэй хүүхэд. well-being n. сайн сайхан. well-born adj. сурвалжит, язгуур угтай. well-bred adj. хүмүүжилтэй, дэгтэй. well-built adj. бие бялдар сайтай, хүч тэнхээтэй. well-connected adj. танил тал ихтэй, удам сайтай. well-cut adj. хийц загвар сайн. a \well-cut suit сайхан хийцтэй хувцас. well-defined adj. илэрхий, тодорхой. a \well-defined pattern тодорхой асуудал. well-disposed adj. 1. \well (towards sb/ sth) сайхан зантай, уриалагхан. 2. дэмжсэн, туслахад бэлэн. The committee are \well-disposed towards the idea. Энэ саналд хорооны гишүүд нааштай хандаж байгаа. well-done adj. сайн шарагдсан, гүйцэд болсон (мах, хоол). He prefers his steak \well-done. Болтол нь сайн шарсан махыг тэр илүүд үздэг юм. well-dressed adj. гоё ганган, хувцас сайтай. This is what today`s \well-dressed man is wearing. Өнөөгийн ганган эрийн өмсдөг эд чинь л энэ мөн дөө. well-earned adj. хүсэн хүлээсэн, тэмүүлсэн. a \well-earned rest хүсэн хүлээсэн амралт. well-fed adj. тэжээл сайтай, тарган цатгалан. well-founded adj. бат үндэслэлтэй. well-groomed adj. цэвэр цэмцгэр, биендээ арчаатай. well-heeled adj. баян, чинээлэг. A restaurant with many \well-heeled customers. Баян чинээлэг үйлчлүүлэгч олонтой зоогийн газар. well-informed adj. их эрдэмтэй, мэдлэг ихтэй. well-intentioned adj. сайн санааны, туслахыг бодсон. She reacted angrily to my \well-intentioned remarks. Сайн санаж хэлсэн үгийг минь тэр бүсгүй эгдүүцэн хүлээж авсан юм. well-kept adj. арчилгаа сайтай. a \well-kept secret чандлан хадгалсан нууц. well-known adj. алдартай, олны танил болсон. well-meaning adj. сайн санааны, сайхан сэтгэлийн. well-meant adj. чин сэтгэлийн, сайн санааны. well-oiled adj. согтуу хөлчүү. He was already \well-oiled before he arrived. Тэр энд ирэхээсээ өмнө л согтчихсон байсан юм. well-preserved adj. 1. ануухан, залуугаараа. 2. шинээрээ, сайн хадгалагдсан. well-read adj. гүн мэдлэгтэй. well-rounded adj. 1. мариалаг, махлаг. 2. олон талын мэдлэгтэй. well-run adj. ажил үйлс нь өөдрөг яваа. well-spoken adj. эелдэг, чин сэтгэлийн (үг, яриа). well-thought-of adj. эрхэм хүндтэй. He is \well-thought-of in government`s circles. Засгийн газрын гишүүдийн хүрээнд түүнийг ихэд хүндэтгэдэг юм шүү. well-thumbed adj. олон дахин уншсан. well-timed adj. цагаа олсон. Your remarks were certainly \well-timed. Чиний хэлсэн зүйл чинь үнэхээр цагаа олсон шүү. well-to-do adj. баян, чинээлэг. well-tried adj. олон дахин ашигласан, найдвартай. a \well-tried method найдвартай арга. well-trodden adj. олон хүний хөлд дарaгдаж, гишгэгдсэн. well-turned adj. аятайхан илэрхийлсэн. well-versed adj. \well (in sth) мэдлэг сайтай, хашир туршлагатай. well-wisher n. сайныг ерөөгч, сайхан сэтгэлтэй. well-worn adj. 1. улиг болсон. 2. хуучирч муудсан, гандсан. a \well-worn jacket хуучир муудсан хүрэм.

    English-Mongolian dictionary > well

  • 39 open

    open [ˈəʊpən]
       a. ( = not closed) ouvert
       b. ( = not enclosed) [car, carriage] découvert
    in the open air [eat] en plein air ; [live, walk] au grand air ; [sleep] à la belle étoile
       c. ( = unrestricted) [economy] ouvert ; [meeting, trial] public (- ique f)
       d. ( = available) [post, job] vacant
       e. ( = frank) ouvert ; [admiration, envy] non dissimulé
    2. noun
       a. out in the open ( = out of doors) dehors en plein air
    to come out into the open [fact] apparaître au grand jour ; [scandal] éclater au grand jour
    why can't we do it out in the open? ( = not secretly) pourquoi ne pouvons-nous pas le faire ouvertement ?
       a. ouvrir
       b. ( = begin) [+ meeting, exhibition, trial] ouvrir ; [+ conversation] entamer ; [+ new building, institution] inaugurer
       a. [door, book, eyes, flower] s'ouvrir ; [shop, museum, bank] ouvrir
       b. ( = begin) [meeting, match] commencer ; [trial] s'ouvrir
    open-ended, open-end (US) adjective [ticket] open inv ; [question] ouvert
    open learning noun enseignement universitaire à la carte, notamment par correspondance
    open-plan adjective sans cloison ; [office] paysagé
    open-standard adjective open-standard, en standard ouvert
    [passage, tunnel, street] s'élargir
       a. [new shop, business] s'ouvrir ; [new career] commencer ; [opportunity] se présenter
       b. ( = confide)
    ouvrir ; [+ blocked road] dégager ; [+ possibilities] offrir
    ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
    L' Open University est une université ouverte à tous et fonctionnant essentiellement sur le principe du téléenseignement: cours par correspondance et émissions de radio et de télévision diffusées par la BBC. Ces enseignements sont complétés par un suivi pédagogique et par des stages, qui se tiennent généralement en été.
    * * *
    ['əʊpən] 1.
    1) ( outside)

    in the open — dehors, en plein air

    in/into the open — en terrain découvert; fig

    3) (also Open) Sport (tournoi m) open m
    2.
    1) ( not closed) [door, box, book, eyes, shirt, wound, flower] ouvert; [arms, legs] écarté; ( to the public) [bank, bridge, meeting] ouvert

    to burst ou fly open — s'ouvrir brusquement

    the door was partly ou half open — la porte était entrouverte

    to be open[road] être ouvert (à la circulation); [canal, harbour] être ouvert (à la navigation); [telephone line, frequency] être libre

    3) ( not covered) [car, carriage] découvert, décapoté; [mine, sewer] à ciel ouvert

    open toexposé à [air, wind, elements]

    it is open to question whether — on peut douter que (+ subj)

    5) ( accessible) (jamais épith) [job, position] libre, vacant; [access, competition] ouvert à tous; [meeting, session] public/-ique
    6) ( candid) [person, discussion, declaration, statement] franc/franche ( about à propos de)
    7) ( blatant) [hostility, contempt] non dissimulé; [disagreement, disrespect] manifeste
    8) ( undecided)

    open ticket — ( for traveller) billet m ouvert

    9) ( with spaces) [weave] ajouré
    10) Sport [contest] open
    11) Music [string] à vide
    12) Linguistics ouvert
    3.
    1) ( cause not to be closed) gen ouvrir

    to open a door slightly ou a little — entrouvrir une porte

    2) ( begin) entamer [discussions, meeting]; ouvrir [account, enquiry, show, shop]
    3) ( inaugurate) inaugurer [shop, bridge]; ouvrir [exhibition]
    4.
    1) ( become open) [door, flower, curtain] s'ouvrir

    to open into ou onto something — [door, window] donner sur quelque chose

    open wide! — ( at dentist's) ouvrez grand!

    to open slightly ou a little — [window, door] s'entrouvrir

    2) Commerce ( operate) [shop, bar] ouvrir
    3) ( begin) [meeting, discussion, play] commencer ( with par)

    to open by doing[person] commencer par faire

    4) ( have first performance) [film] sortir (sur les écrans); [exhibition] ouvrir
    5) ( be first speaker) [person] ouvrir le débat
    7) Finance [shares] débuter
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-French dictionary > open

  • 40 Johnson, Percival Norton

    SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy
    [br]
    b. 29 September 1792 London, England
    d. 1 June 1866 Stoke Fleming, Devon, England
    [br]
    English chemist, assayer, mining engineer and founder of the firm Johnson Matthey.
    [br]
    He was the son of John Johnson, then sole Commercial Assayer in London, from whom he inherited his aptitude for chemistry and metallurgy. At the age of 14 he was apprenticed to his father by the Worshipful Company of Goldsmiths. Ore samples then being analysed in Johnson's office introduced him to the new metal platinum, and resulted in a paper to Philosophical Magazine in 1812. Johnson established himself as a "practical mineralogist" in Maiden Lane, London, in 1818 and in Hatton Garden after 1822. He was greatly assisted by a fellow metallurgist, Thomas Cock (1787–1842), who developed the platinum fabrication and pigment sides of die business. In 1827 Johnson was consulted by the Russian government about the exploitation of the rich platinum deposits that had been discovered in the Urals in 1819. Between 1829 and 1832 Johnson became the first in England to manufacture nickel, extracted from nickel-bearing material imported from Germany at his plant at Bow Common on the Regent's Canal. In 1832 he began to réfine gold imported from the Imperial Brazilian Association by a process which separated without loss the metals silver, platinum, palladium, rhodium and iridium. This profitable activity continued until the Brazilian company was wound up in 1852. Since 1824, Johnson had been named "assay master" by a number of mining companies. From 1843 until the mid-1850s he had a considerable mining interest in the West Country. Meanwhile, the Hatton Garden establishment continued to prosper. In 1839 he was joined by George Matthey, who particularly fostered the Russian platinum business, and in 1851 he was taken unto partnership and the firm became the celebrated Johnson Matthey. In the following year the firm was officially recognized as one of the four Assayers to the Bank of England appointed to handle the flood of gold dust then arriving in England from the Australian gold fields. Soon after, however, ill health compelled him to retire to his Devon country house.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1846.
    Bibliography
    1812, "Experiments which prove platina, when combined with gold and silver, to be soluble in nitric acid", Philosophical Magazine (1st series) 40(171):3–4.
    Further Reading
    D.McDonald, 1951, Percival Norton Johnson, London: Johnson Matthey (includes lists of his publications and his honours and awards).
    ——1964, The Johnsons of Morden Lane, London: Martins.
    ——1960, A History of Platinum, London: Johnson Matthey.
    ASD

    Biographical history of technology > Johnson, Percival Norton

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