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  • 21 nocturno

    adj.
    1 night-time, nightly, night, late-night.
    2 gloomy.
    m.
    nocturne.
    * * *
    1 (gen) nocturnal; (vida) night; (clase) evening
    2 ZOOLOGÍA nocturnal
    1 night school
    2 MÚSICA nocturne
    ————————
    1 night school
    2 MÚSICA nocturne
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [servicio, tarifa, ceguera] night antes de s

    clases nocturnas — evening classes, night school (EEUU)

    2) (Zool, Bot) nocturnal
    2. SM
    1) (Mús) nocturne
    2) (Escol) evening classes pl, night school (EEUU)
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    a) <vuelo/tren> night (before n); < clases> evening (before n)

    en el silencio nocturno — (liter) in the silence of the night

    b) <animal/planta> nocturnal
    II
    1) (Mús) nocturne
    2) (en colegios, universidades) courses held in the evening
    * * *
    = after hours [after-hours], nocturne, night-time, nocturnal, nightly.
    Ex. Night owl project is an after hours telephone reference service initially unded by an LSCA grant.
    Ex. Medium of performance may be, for example, nocturne, piano, ballads, woodwind quartet, string orchestra.
    Ex. End user searching on BRS/After Dark, the night-time version of the BRS Search Service, has been offered to users of Ottawa University Library since July 83.
    Ex. The system is also being used to record and identify the nocturnal calls of migrating songbirds through eastern North America.
    Ex. This article probes the images of African Americans in a 30 day sample of videotaped nightly news programmes.
    ----
    * club nocturno = nightclub.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * local de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * local nocturno = night spot.
    * lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * préstamo nocturno = overnight loan.
    * ser nocturno = night creature.
    * telegrama nocturno = night letter.
    * vida nocturna = night life.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.
    * visión nocturna = night vision, nocturnal vision.
    * visita nocturna = night tour.
    * * *
    I
    - na adjetivo
    a) <vuelo/tren> night (before n); < clases> evening (before n)

    en el silencio nocturno — (liter) in the silence of the night

    b) <animal/planta> nocturnal
    II
    1) (Mús) nocturne
    2) (en colegios, universidades) courses held in the evening
    * * *
    = after hours [after-hours], nocturne, night-time, nocturnal, nightly.

    Ex: Night owl project is an after hours telephone reference service initially unded by an LSCA grant.

    Ex: Medium of performance may be, for example, nocturne, piano, ballads, woodwind quartet, string orchestra.
    Ex: End user searching on BRS/After Dark, the night-time version of the BRS Search Service, has been offered to users of Ottawa University Library since July 83.
    Ex: The system is also being used to record and identify the nocturnal calls of migrating songbirds through eastern North America.
    Ex: This article probes the images of African Americans in a 30 day sample of videotaped nightly news programmes.
    * club nocturno = nightclub.
    * lectura nocturna = bedtime reading.
    * local de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * local nocturno = night spot.
    * lugar de entretenimiento nocturno = night spot.
    * préstamo nocturno = overnight loan.
    * ser nocturno = night creature.
    * telegrama nocturno = night letter.
    * vida nocturna = night life.
    * vigilante nocturno = night watchman.
    * visión nocturna = night vision, nocturnal vision.
    * visita nocturna = night tour.

    * * *
    nocturno1 -na
    1 ‹vuelo/tren› night ( before n)
    sus visitas nocturnas his nighttime o nocturnal visits
    vida nocturna night life
    va a clases nocturnas he goes to night school o evening classes
    en el silencio nocturno ( liter); in the silence of the night, in the still watches of the night ( liter)
    2 ‹animal/planta› nocturnal
    A ( Mús) nocturne
    B (en colegios, universidades) courses held in the evening
    * * *

    nocturno
    ◊ -na adjetivo

    a) ‹vuelo/tren/vida› night ( before n);

    ‹ clases› evening ( before n)
    b) ‹animal/planta› nocturnal

    nocturno,-a I adjetivo
    1 night
    tarifa nocturna, night rate
    tren nocturno, night train
    2 Bot Zool nocturnal
    II m Mús nocturne
    un nocturno de Schubert, a nocturne by Schubert
    ' nocturno' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    nocturna I
    - pub
    - club
    - sereno
    - vigilante
    English:
    club
    - night
    - nightclub
    - nightlong
    - nightly
    - nocturnal
    - watchman
    - hot
    * * *
    nocturno, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. [de la noche] night;
    [de la tarde] evening;
    tren/vuelo nocturno night train/flight
    2. [animales, plantas] nocturnal
    ♦ nm
    1. Mús nocturne
    2. Educ = classes held in the evening
    * * *
    adj
    1 night atr ;
    clase nocturna evening class
    2 ZO nocturnal
    * * *
    nocturno, -na adj
    : night, nocturnal
    : nocturne
    * * *
    1. (en general) night
    2. (clases) evening
    3. (animal) nocturnal

    Spanish-English dictionary > nocturno

  • 22 ofrecer

    v.
    1 to offer.
    ofrecerle algo a alguien to offer somebody something
    ¿puedo ofrecerle algo de beber? may I offer you something to drink?
    ¿cuánto te ofrecen por la casa? how much are they offering you for the house?
    María le ofrece comida a Ricardo Mary offers Richard food.
    Ella ofrece sus servicios She offers her services.
    2 to bid.
    ¿qué ofrecen por esta mesa? what am I bid for this table?
    3 to present (tener, presentar) (imagen, dificultades).
    la cocina ofrece un aspecto lamentable the kitchen is a sorry sight
    4 to offer up (oraciones, sacrificio).
    5 to make an offer.
    Ellos ofrecen They make an offer.
    6 to offer to, to promise to, to volunteer to.
    María le ofrece comida a Ricardo Mary offers Richard food.
    Ella ofrece sus servicios She offers her services.
    Ellos ofrecen limpiar They offer to clean.
    Le ofrecí a María ir a verla I offered Mary to go see her.
    Ellos ofrecieron a Ricardo They offered Richard.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ AGRADECER], like link=agradecer agradecer
    1 (dar - premio, amistad) to offer; (- banquete, fiesta) to hold; (- regalo) to give
    2 (presentar) to present
    1 (prestarse) to offer, volunteer
    2 (disponer) to want
    ■ ¿qué se le ofrece? what can I do for you?
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=presentar voluntariamente)
    a) [+ servicios, ayuda, trabajo, dinero] to offer

    ¿cuánto te ofrecieron por el coche? — how much did they offer you for the car?

    • ofrecer hacer algo — to offer to do sth

    b) [+ espectáculo, programa] [en TV] to show
    c) frm [+ respetos] to pay frm
    2) (=tener)
    a) [+ ventaja] to offer; [+ oportunidad, garantías] to offer, give; [+ solución] to offer, provide

    • no ofrecer duda, la gravedad del caso no ofrece duda — there is no doubt about the seriousness of the case

    b) [+ dificultad] to present

    el ladrón no ofreció resistencia — the burglar did not put up a struggle, the burglar offered no resistance frm

    c) [+ imagen] to present
    3) (=celebrar) [+ acto, fiesta, cena] to hold, give
    4) [+ sacrificio, víctima] to offer up
    5) (Rel) to make a vow
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo> to offer

    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño — (Col, Ven) I'm ringing to let you know that the baby has been born

    ofrecer + INF — to offer to + inf

    b) < dinero> to offer; ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) < fiesta> to give, throw (colloq); < recepción> to lay on, to hold
    d) <sacrificio/víctima> to offer (up)
    2)
    a) < oportunidad> to give, provide

    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades — it provides her with the chance to make new friends; < dificultad> to present

    b) <aspecto/vista>
    c) < resistencia> persona to put up, offer
    2.
    ofrecerse v pron
    1) persona to offer, volunteer

    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF — to offer o volunteer to + inf

    3) (frml) (querer, necesitar) (gen neg o interrog)

    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? — can I offer o get you anything else?

    ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? — what would you like, madam? (frml)

    * * *
    = deliver, feature, give, offer, open up, pitch, provide, provide with, supply, proffer, furnish (with), come forward with, tender, serve up.
    Ex. The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.
    Ex. Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.
    Ex. An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex. Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex. Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.
    Ex. Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex. To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex. Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.
    Ex. Here an attempt is made to choose one form and supply references from the other forms.
    Ex. 'No question,' she said meditatively, 'we have to do something'; 'like more coffee?' proffered the waitress, the coffee pot hovered above Jergens' cup.
    Ex. One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex. Neither pundit from the past, nor sage from the schools, neither authorised body nor inspired individual has come forward with a definition acceptable to all practising librarians as theirs and theirs alone, sharply defining them as a group.
    Ex. This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.
    Ex. A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    ----
    * ofrecer acceso = provide + access.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * ofrecer asesoramiento = offer + advice, offer + guidance, dispense + advice.
    * ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.
    * ofrecer cobijo = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer conclusiones = provide + conclusions.
    * ofrecer conjuntamente = bundle.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * ofrecer consejos prácticos = offer + hints and advice.
    * ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.
    * ofrecer en un lote = bundle.
    * ofrecer esperanzas = hold + promise.
    * ofrecer estímulo = provide + stimulus.
    * ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * ofrecer la garantía de = provide + the stamp of.
    * ofrecer la mano = put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to, allow + the opportunity to.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad de = offer + a chance to.
    * ofrecer la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad = afford + possibility, provide + facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de = have + the potential (to/for), offer + the facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de que = usher in + the day when.
    * ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * ofrecer por primera vez = debut.
    * ofrecer posibilidades = have + potential, offer + options, offer + possibilities, hold + potential, present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * ofrecer refugio = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer resistencia = put up + resistance.
    * ofrecer santuario = offer + sanctuary.
    * ofrecerse = be forthcoming, step forward, step up to.
    * ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.
    * ofrecer servicio = service.
    * ofrecer sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * ofrecer una explicación = present + explanation.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.
    * ofrecer una imagen = present + picture.
    * ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * ofrecer una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * ofrecer una oportunidad = offer + opportunity, provide + opportunity, present + an opportunity.
    * ofrecer una perspectiva = offer + perspective.
    * ofrecer una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * ofrecer una prestación = offer + facility.
    * ofrecer una rama de olivo para hacer las paces = offer + an olive branch.
    * ofrecer una recepción = host + reception.
    * ofrecer una respuesta = provide + answer.
    * ofrecer una solución = provide + solution, offer + solution.
    * ofrecer una sonrisa = give + a grin.
    * ofrecer una visión = provide + a picture.
    * ofrecer una visión de = offer + an account of.
    * ofrecer una visión de conjunto = provide + a picture, provide + overview.
    * ofrecer una visión muy releveladora de = provide + insight into, give + an insight into, give + an inside look at.
    * ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.
    * ofrecer un curso = offer + course.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * ofrecer un sacrificio = make + a sacrifice.
    * ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.
    * ofrecer ventaja = be of benefit.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo> to offer

    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño — (Col, Ven) I'm ringing to let you know that the baby has been born

    ofrecer + INF — to offer to + inf

    b) < dinero> to offer; ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) < fiesta> to give, throw (colloq); < recepción> to lay on, to hold
    d) <sacrificio/víctima> to offer (up)
    2)
    a) < oportunidad> to give, provide

    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades — it provides her with the chance to make new friends; < dificultad> to present

    b) <aspecto/vista>
    c) < resistencia> persona to put up, offer
    2.
    ofrecerse v pron
    1) persona to offer, volunteer

    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF — to offer o volunteer to + inf

    3) (frml) (querer, necesitar) (gen neg o interrog)

    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? — can I offer o get you anything else?

    ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? — what would you like, madam? (frml)

    * * *
    = deliver, feature, give, offer, open up, pitch, provide, provide with, supply, proffer, furnish (with), come forward with, tender, serve up.

    Ex: The result could be termed a full-provision data base -- a data base including both text and reference, and delivering much more than the 2 added together.

    Ex: Other catalogues and bibliographies only feature added entries under title where it is deemed that the author main entry heading is not likely to be obvious to the users.
    Ex: An abstract of a bibliography can be expected to note whether author affiliations are given = Es de esperar que el resumen de una bibliografía indique si se incluyen los lugares de trabajo de los autores.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: Here is a key paper by a non librarian which opens up a new and constructive approach to library purpose.
    Ex: Thus pitching instructions at the right level can be difficult.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    Ex: Many libraries provide users with photocopies of contents pages of selected journals.
    Ex: Here an attempt is made to choose one form and supply references from the other forms.
    Ex: 'No question,' she said meditatively, 'we have to do something'; 'like more coffee?' proffered the waitress, the coffee pot hovered above Jergens' cup.
    Ex: One of the definitions of 'organise' is to furnish with organs, make organic, make into living being or tissue.
    Ex: Neither pundit from the past, nor sage from the schools, neither authorised body nor inspired individual has come forward with a definition acceptable to all practising librarians as theirs and theirs alone, sharply defining them as a group.
    Ex: This address was tendered at the State Library of Victoria, Nov 88, to mark the retirement of Professor Jean Whyte.
    Ex: A watering hole in Spain is serving up free beer and tapas to recession-weary customers who insult its bartenders as a way to let off steam.
    * ofrecer acceso = provide + access.
    * ofrecer apoyo = support, provide + support, rally (a)round, rally behind.
    * ofrecer asesoramiento = offer + advice, offer + guidance, dispense + advice.
    * ofrecer ayuda = offer + guidance, offer + assistance, provide + support.
    * ofrecer cobijo = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer conclusiones = provide + conclusions.
    * ofrecer conjuntamente = bundle.
    * ofrecer conocimiento = package + knowledge.
    * ofrecer consejos prácticos = offer + hints and advice.
    * ofrecer descuento = offer + discount.
    * ofrecer directrices = provide + guidance.
    * ofrecer en cantidad = offer + in quantity.
    * ofrecer en un lote = bundle.
    * ofrecer esperanzas = hold + promise.
    * ofrecer estímulo = provide + stimulus.
    * ofrecer incentivo = provide + incentive, offer + inducement.
    * ofrecer información = provide + information, provide + details, supply + information, offer + information, package + information, furnish + information.
    * ofrecer la garantía de = provide + the stamp of.
    * ofrecer la mano = put forth + Posesivo + hand.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad = allow + the opportunity to, allow + the opportunity to.
    * ofrecer la oportunidad de = offer + a chance to.
    * ofrecer la otra mejilla = turn + the other cheek.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad = afford + possibility, provide + facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de = have + the potential (to/for), offer + the facility.
    * ofrecer la posibilidad de que = usher in + the day when.
    * ofrecer lo máximo = shoot (for) + the moon.
    * ofrecer poco = low-ball.
    * ofrecer por primera vez = debut.
    * ofrecer posibilidades = have + potential, offer + options, offer + possibilities, hold + potential, present + possibilities, open (up) + avenues.
    * ofrecer razones = provide + reasons.
    * ofrecer refugio = provide + a home.
    * ofrecer resistencia = put up + resistance.
    * ofrecer santuario = offer + sanctuary.
    * ofrecerse = be forthcoming, step forward, step up to.
    * ofrecerse como voluntario = volunteer.
    * ofrecer servicio = service.
    * ofrecer sugerencias = give + suggestions.
    * ofrecer una explicación = present + explanation.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * ofrecer una forma de = provide + a way of/to.
    * ofrecer una imagen = present + picture.
    * ofrecer una introducción a = provide + a background to.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * ofrecer una opinión = offer + opinion.
    * ofrecer una oportunidad = offer + opportunity, provide + opportunity, present + an opportunity.
    * ofrecer una perspectiva = offer + perspective.
    * ofrecer una posibilidad = afford + opportunity.
    * ofrecer una prestación = offer + facility.
    * ofrecer una rama de olivo para hacer las paces = offer + an olive branch.
    * ofrecer una recepción = host + reception.
    * ofrecer una respuesta = provide + answer.
    * ofrecer una solución = provide + solution, offer + solution.
    * ofrecer una sonrisa = give + a grin.
    * ofrecer una visión = provide + a picture.
    * ofrecer una visión de = offer + an account of.
    * ofrecer una visión de conjunto = provide + a picture, provide + overview.
    * ofrecer una visión muy releveladora de = provide + insight into, give + an insight into, give + an inside look at.
    * ofrecer una vista = afford + a view.
    * ofrecer un curso = offer + course.
    * ofrecer un ejemplo = afford + example.
    * ofrecer un sacrificio = make + a sacrifice.
    * ofrecer un servicio = operate + service, provide + service, do + service.
    * ofrecer ventaja = be of benefit.

    * * *
    ofrecer [E3 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo› to offer
    le ofreció su brazo he offered her his arm
    no nos ofreció ni una taza de café he didn't even offer us a cup of coffee
    todavía no nos ha ofrecido la casa he still hasn't invited us to see his new house
    te llamo para ofrecerte al niño ( Col); I'm ringing to let you know that the baby's been born
    ofrecer + INF to offer TO + INF
    ofreció prestarnos su coche she offered to lend us her car
    2 ‹dinero› (por un artículo) to offer
    ofreció mil dólares por el jarrón he bid a thousand dollars for the vase
    ¿cuánto me ofrece por este cuadro? how much will you give o offer me for this picture?
    3 ‹fiesta› to give, hold, throw ( colloq)
    ofrecieron una comida en su honor they gave a meal in her honor
    ofrecieron una recepción en el Hotel Suecia they laid on o held a reception in the Hotel Suecia
    4 ‹sacrificio/víctima› to offer, offer up
    B
    1 ‹oportunidad› to give, provide; ‹dificultad› to present
    le ofrece la posibilidad de entablar nuevas amistades it provides her with o it gives her o ( frml) it affords her the chance to make new friends
    el plan ofrece varias dificultades the plan presents o poses a number of problems
    2 ‹aspecto/vista›
    su habitación ofrecía un aspecto lúgubre her room was gloomy o had an air of gloominess about it
    el balcón ofrecía una vista maravillosa there was a marvelous view from the balcony
    el año ofrece buenas perspectivas things look good for the coming year, the coming year looks promising
    ofrecían un espectáculo desgarrador they were a heartrending sight
    3 ‹resistencia› «persona» to put up, offer
    se entregó sin ofrecer ninguna resistencia he surrendered without putting up o offering any resistance
    A
    «persona»: se ofrece niñera con experiencia experienced nanny seeks employment
    ofrecerse A or PARA + INF to offer o volunteer to + INF
    se ofreció a venir a buscarnos she offered o volunteered to come and pick us up
    B
    (presentarse): un espectáculo único se ofrecía ante nuestros ojos a unique spectacle presented itself before o greeted our eyes
    las cumbres nevadas se nos ofrecían en todo su esplendor the snowy peaks appeared o stood before us in all their splendor
    C ( frml) (querer, necesitar) ( gen neg o interrog) ofrecérsele algo A algn:
    ¿se le ofrece alguna otra cosa? can I offer o get you anything else?, would you care for anything else?
    si no se le ofrece nada más, me retiro a dormir if there's nothing else I can do for you, I'll say goodnight
    ¿qué se le ofrece a la señora? what would you like o what can I get you to drink, madam? ( frml)
    * * *

     

    ofrecer ( conjugate ofrecer) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ayuda/cigarrillo/empleo› to offer

    b) ‹ dinero› to offer;

    ( en una subasta) to bid
    c) ‹ fiesta› to give;

    ‹ recepción› to lay on
    d) ‹sacrificio/víctima› to offer (up)

    2
    a) ‹oportunidad/posibilidad› to give, provide;

    ‹ dificultad› to present

    ofrecerse verbo pronominal
    1 [ persona] to offer, volunteer;
    ofrecerse A or PARA hacer algo to offer o volunteer to do sth
    2 (frml) (querer, necesitar) ( gen neg o interrog):
    ◊ ¿qué se le ofrece, señora? what would you like, madam? (frml);

    si no se le ofrece nada más if there's nothing else I can do for you
    ofrecer verbo transitivo
    1 (agua, ayuda, dinero, etc) to offer
    2 (posibilidad, solución, consejo) to give
    3 (un homenaje, banquete, etc) to hold
    4 (aspecto) to present
    5 Rel to offer (up)
    ' ofrecer' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    brindar
    - dar
    - tender
    - amparar
    - convidar
    - dedicar
    - excusar
    - querer
    - tributar
    English:
    offer
    - outbid
    - part exchange
    - present
    - put up
    - shall
    - tender
    - volunteer
    - bid
    - cater
    - dispense
    - feature
    - give
    - hand
    - hold
    - lay
    - proffer
    - put
    - quote
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [proporcionar, dar] to offer;
    ofrecerle algo a alguien to offer sb sth;
    me han ofrecido el puesto de director they've offered me the job of manager;
    ¿puedo ofrecerle algo de beber? may I offer you something to drink?;
    ofrecen una recompensa por él they are offering a reward for his capture;
    le ofrecieron una cena homenaje they held a dinner in his honour;
    ¿cuánto te ofrecen por la casa? how much are they offering you for the house?;
    me ofrece la oportunidad o [m5] la ocasión de conocer la ciudad it gives me the chance to get to know the city
    2. [en subastas] to bid;
    ¿qué ofrecen por esta mesa? what am I bid for this table?
    3. [tener, presentar] to present;
    la cocina ofrece un aspecto lamentable the kitchen is a sorry sight;
    esta tarea ofrece algunas dificultades this task poses o presents a number of problems;
    aquel negocio ofrecía inmejorables perspectivas that business had excellent prospects
    4. [oraciones, sacrificio] to offer up;
    ofrecer una misa por alguien to have a mass said for sb
    * * *
    v/t offer
    * * *
    ofrecer {53} vt
    1) : to offer
    2) : to provide, to give
    3) : to present (an appearance, etc.)
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > ofrecer

  • 23 hold

    A n
    1 (grasp, grip) prise f ; to get hold of attraper [rope, handle] ; to keep (a) hold of ou on tenir [ball, rail, hand] ; ⇒ catch, grab, grasp, seize, take ;
    2 ( possession) to get hold of se procurer [book, ticket, document] ; [press] avoir vent de [story] ; découvrir [details, information] ;
    3 ( contact) to get hold of ( by phone) joindre [person] ; ( by other means) trouver [person] ;
    4 ( control) emprise f (on, over sur) ; to have a hold on ou over sb avoir de l'emprise sur qn ; to get a hold of oneself se reprendre ;
    5 (storage, area) Aviat soute f ; Naut cale f ;
    6 Sport ( in wrestling) prise f ; to have sb in a hold faire une prise à qn ;
    7 (of hairspray, gel) fixation f ; normal/extra hold fixation normale/extra-forte.
    B vtr ( prét, pp held)
    1 ( clasp) tenir [object, hand, person] (above, over au-dessus de ; against contre) ; to hold sth in one's hand tenir qch à la main [brush, pencil, stick] ; ( enclosed) tenir qch dans la main [button, coin, sweet] ; to hold sth/sb by tenir qch/qn par [handle, stem, sleeve, leg] ; to hold one's stomach/head (in pain) se tenir l'estomac/la tête (à cause de la douleur) ; to hold sb (in one's arms) serrer qn dans ses bras ; to hold each other se serrer l'un contre l'autre ; can you hold my bag for me? tu peux me tenir mon sac? ;
    2 ( maintain) to hold one's head upright/still tenir sa tête droite/immobile ; to hold one's hands apart/still tenir ses mains écartées/immobiles ; to hold a pose/smile garder une pose/un sourire ; to hold sth in place ou position maintenir qch en place ; to hold one's speed maintenir sa vitesse ;
    3 ( arrange) organiser, tenir [meeting, talks] ; organiser [competition, ballot, demonstration, course, election] ; organiser, donner [party, reception] ; organiser, monter [exhibition, show] ; avoir [conversation] ; célébrer [church service] ; mener [enquiry] ; faire passer [interview] ; to be held avoir lieu ;
    4 ( have capacity for) [box, case, tank] (pouvoir) contenir [objects, amount] ; [theatre, room] avoir une capacité de [350 people] ; the bus holds ten (people) le bus a dix places ; to (be able to) hold one's drink ou liquor tenir l'alcool ;
    5 ( contain) [drawer, cupboard, box, case] contenir [objects, possessions] ;
    6 ( support) [shelf, fridge, branch, roof] supporter [weight, load, crate] ; the branch won't hold you la branche ne supportera pas ton poids ;
    7 ( restrain) [dam, wall] retenir, contenir [water, flood waters] ; [person] tenir [dog] ; maîtriser [thief] ; there is/there'll be no holding him fig on ne peut/pourra plus l'arrêter ;
    8 ( keep against will) [police, kidnappers] détenir [person] ; to hold sb prisoner/hostage garder qn prisonnier/en otage ;
    9 ( possess) détenir, avoir [shares, power, record, playing card] ; être titulaire de [degree, sporting title, cup] ; occuper [job, position] ; avoir, être en possession de [ticket, passport, licence] ; porter [title] ; Jur, gen [bank, computer, police, solicitor] conserver [document, information, money] ; avoir [mortgage] ;
    10 ( keep back) garder [place, seat, ticket] ; faire attendre [train, flight] ; mettre [qch] en attente [letter, order] ; hold it ○ ! minute ○ ! ; hold everything! arrête tout! ; two burgers, but hold the mustard! deux hamburgers, sans moutarde ;
    11 ( believe) avoir [opinion, belief] ; to hold sb/sth to be tenir qn/qch pour, considérer qn/qch comme ; to hold that [person] soutenir que ; [law, theory] dire que ; to hold sb liable ou responsible tenir qn pour responsable ;
    12 ( defend successfully) Mil tenir [territory, city, bridge] ; Pol, Sport conserver [title, seat, lead, position] ; ( in tennis) to hold one's serve ou service gagner or remporter son service ; to hold one's own [person] se défendre tout seul (against contre) ; [army] tenir bon (against devant) ;
    13 ( captivate) captiver [person, audience, class] ; capter, retenir [attention, interest] ;
    14 Telecom to hold the line patienter, rester en ligne ; can you hold the line please ne quittez pas s'il vous plaît ;
    15 Mus tenir [note] (for pendant) ;
    16 Aut to hold the road tenir la route.
    C vi ( prét, pp held)
    1 ( remain intact) [rope, shelf, bridge, dam, glue] tenir ; fig ( also hold good) [theory, offer, objection, law] tenir ;
    2 ( continue) [weather] rester beau/belle, se maintenir ; [luck] continuer, durer ;
    3 Telecom patienter ;
    4 ( remain steady) hold still! tiens-toi tranquille!
    D v refl ( prét, pp held) to hold oneself upright/well se tenir droit/bien.
    1 Telecom en attente ; to put sb on hold Telecom faire patienter qn ; to put a call on hold Telecom mettre un appel en attente ;
    2 to put one's plan/a project on hold gen laisser ses projets/un projet en suspens.
    ■ hold against: to hold sth against sb reprocher qch à qn ; to hold it against sb that en vouloir à qn parce que ; I don't hold it against him/them je ne lui/leur en veux pas ; your age could be held against you ton âge pourrait jouer en ta défaveur.
    ■ hold back:
    ▶ hold back se retenir ; to hold back from doing se retenir de faire, préférer ne pas faire ;
    ▶ hold [sb/sth] back, hold back [sb/sth]
    1 ( restrain) contenir [water, tide, crowd, animals] ; retenir [hair, tears] ; retenir [person] ; refouler [feelings] ; contenir [anger] ; to hold back one's laughter se retenir or s'empêcher de rire ;
    2 ( prevent progress of) ( involuntarily) [person] retarder [person, group] ; ( deliberately) [person] retenir [person] ; [background, poor education] gêner [person] ; entraver [production, progress, development] ;
    3 ( withhold) [person, government, organization] cacher [information, result] ; ( to protect privacy) tenir [qch] secret, ne pas divulguer [name, information, identity] ; [person, company] différer [payment].
    ■ hold down:
    ▶ hold [sb/sth] down, hold down [sb/sth]
    1 ( prevent from moving) maintenir [qch] en place [tent, carpet, piece of paper] ; tenir, maîtriser [person] ;
    2 ( press down) appuyer sur [pedal, key] ;
    3 ( keep at certain level) limiter [number, rate, expenditure, costs, inflation] ; limiter l'augmentation de [wages, taxes, prices] ;
    4 ( keep) ( not lose) garder [job] ; ( have) avoir [job].
    ■ hold forth péj disserter, pérorer pej (about, on sur).
    ■ hold in:
    ▶ hold [sth] in, hold in [sth]
    1 ( restrain) réprimer, contenir [feeling, anger, disappointment] ;
    2 ( pull in) rentrer [stomach, buttocks].
    ■ hold off:
    ▶ hold off [enemy] accorder un répit ; [creditors] accorder un délai ; I hope the rain holds off j'espère qu'il ne pleuvra pas ; the rain held off until after the match il s'est mis à pleuvoir après le match ; to hold off buying/making a decision reporter l'achat/la décision à plus tard ; he held off leaving until the weekend il a reporté son départ au week-end ;
    ▶ hold [sb] off, hold off [sb] tenir [qn] à distance [enemy, creditor, journalists] ; faire patienter [client] ;
    ▶ hold [sth] off repousser [attack].
    ■ hold on:
    ▶ hold on
    1 ( wait) gen attendre ; Telecom patienter ; ‘hold on, I'll just get him’ ( on telephone) ‘ne quittez pas, je vais le chercher’ ;
    2 ( grip) tenir (with de, avec) ; ‘hold on (tight)!’ ‘tiens-toi (bien)!’ ;
    3 ( endure) [person, company] tenir ;
    ▶ hold [sth] on [screw, glue] maintenir [qch] en place ; to be held on with sth [door, handle, wheel] être maintenu par qch.
    ▶ hold on to [sb/sth]
    1 ( grip) s'agripper à [branch, railing, rope] ; s'agripper à, se tenir à [person] ; ( to prevent from falling) agripper, retenir [person] ; serrer [object, purse] ; (bien) tenir [dog] ;
    2 ( retain) conserver [power, title, lead] ; garder [shares, car] ; to hold on to one's dreams fig s'accrocher à ses rêves ; to hold on to one's ou the belief that persister à croire que ;
    3 ( look after) garder [object] (for pour).
    ■ hold out:
    1 ( endure) tenir le coup, tenir bon ; to hold out against tenir bon devant [enemy, changes, threat] ;
    2 ( remain available) [supplies, food, stocks] durer ;
    ▶ hold [sth] out, holdout [sth] tendre [glass, money, ticket] (to à) ; to hold out one's hand/leg tendre la main/la jambe ;
    ▶ hold out [sth] garder, conserver [hope] ; I don't hold out much hope je ne me fais guère d'illusions, je n'ai plus beaucoup d'espoir ; they don't hold out much hope of finding him ils ont perdu presque tout espoir de le retrouver ; to hold out for insister pour obtenir [pay rise, increase] ; to hold out on sb ○ cacher des choses à qn ; they know something, but they're holding out on us ils sont au courant mais ils nous cachent quelque chose.
    ■ hold over:
    ▶ hold [sth] over, hold over [sth]
    1 ( postpone) ajourner [question, programme] ;
    2 ( continue to show) maintenir [qch] à l'affiche [film] ; prolonger [show, exhibition].
    ■ hold to:
    ▶ hold to [sth] s'en tenir à [belief, opinion, decision] ;
    ▶ hold sb to [sth] faire tenir [qch] à qn [promise] ; faire honorer [qch] à qn [contract, offer] ; I'll hold you to that! je note!, je m'en souviendrai!
    1 ( not break) [car, shoes, chair] tenir ;
    2 ( remain united) [family, party] rester uni ; [alliance] rester intact ;
    ▶ hold [sth] together
    1 ( keep intact) faire tenir [car, machine, chair] ; maintenir ensemble [papers, pieces] ; to be held together with sth tenir avec qch ;
    2 ( unite) assurer la cohésion de [company, party, government] ; my mother held the family together la famille est restée unie grâce à ma mère.
    ■ hold up:
    ▶ hold up
    1 ( remain intact) tenir, résister ; to hold up well [currency] résister ;
    2 ( remain valid) [theory, argument] tenir ;
    ▶ hold [sb/sth] up, hold up [sb/sth]
    1 ( support) soutenir [shelf, picture] ; tenir [trousers, stockings] ; to be held up by ou with sth tenir avec qch ;
    2 ( raise) lever [object] ; to hold one's hand up lever la main ;
    3 ( display) to hold sb/sth up as an example ou model of présenter qn/ qch comme un exemple de ; to hold sb up to ridicule tourner qn en ridicule, ridiculiser qn ;
    4 ( delay) retarder [person, flight] ; ralentir [production, traffic] ; arrêter, interrompre [procession] ;
    5 ( rob) attaquer [train, bank, person].
    ■ hold with: not to hold with ne pas être d'accord avec [idea, system] ; être contre [television, imitations etc] ; he doesn't hold with teaching children French il est contre le fait qu'on enseigne le français aux enfants.

    Big English-French dictionary > hold

  • 24 fiesta

    f.
    1 (local) festivities.
    el pueblo está en fiestas the town is holding its annual fair o festival
    aguar la fiesta a alguien to spoil somebody's fun
    fiesta mayor = local celebrations for the festival of a town's patron saint
    fiesta(s) patronal(es) = celebrations for the feast day of a town's patron saint
    2 public holiday.
    ser fiesta to be a public holiday
    hacer fiesta to be on holiday
    3 party.
    dar una fiesta en honor de alguien to give a party in somebody's honor
    fiesta de disfraces fancy dress party
    4 formal party, gala, party.
    5 feast, holy day, religious celebration.
    * * *
    2 (reunión) party
    3 RELIGIÓN feast
    1 (festividades) festivity, fiesta
    2 (navidad) Christmas
    \
    aguar la fiesta to be a wet blanket, be a killjoy
    estar de fiesta figurado to be in a festive mood
    ¡felices fiestas! Merry Christmas!
    hacer fiesta un día to take a day off
    no estar para fiestas to be in no mood for jokes
    ¡tengamos la fiesta en paz! let's not argue!
    fiesta de cumpleaños birthday party
    fiesta de disfraces fancy-dress party
    fiesta de guardar day of obligation
    fiesta de la cerveza beer festival
    fiesta de precepto day of obligation
    Fiesta del Trabajo Labour (US Labor) Day
    fiesta fija immovable feast
    fiesta móvil movable feast
    fiesta nacional (día festivo) public holiday 2 (tauromaquia) bullfighting
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=reunión) party

    dar u organizar una fiesta — to give o throw a party

    tener la fiesta en paz —

    no os peleéis, ¡tengamos la fiesta en paz! — behave yourselves, don't fight!

    aguar 2)
    2) (=día festivo) holiday

    Fiesta del Trabajo — Labour day, Labor day (EEUU)

    fiesta nacional — public holiday, bank holiday

    fiesta movible, fiesta móvil — movable feast

    fiesta patria — LAm independence day

    3) (Rel) feast day

    guardar o santificar las fiestas — to observe feast days

    fiesta de guardar, fiesta de precepto — day of obligation

    4) (=festejo) fiesta, festival

    el pueblo está en fiestas o de fiesta — the town's having its local fiesta

    la fiesta nacional — (Taur) bullfighting

    fiesta de armas — ( Hist) tournament

    5) pl fiestas (=vacaciones) holiday, vacation (EEUU)

    ¡Felices Fiestas! — [en navidad] Happy Christmas

    6) pl fiestas (=carantoñas)
    FIESTAS There are a fixed number of public holidays in the Spanish calendar but some dates vary locally. National public holidays include Navidad (25 December), Reyes (6 January), the Día de los Trabajadores (1 May), the Día de la Hispanidad/del Pilar (12 October) and the Día de la Constitución (6 December). Additionally, each autonomous region and town has at its discretion a small number of public holidays that usually coincide with local traditions like a patron saint's day or other celebrations such as Carnaval. Thus there is a holiday in Madrid for San Isidro, the city's patron saint, and one in Catalonia for Sant Jordi, who is the patron saint of the region.
    * * *
    1) ( celebración) party

    dieron una gran fiesta — they threw o had a big party

    hacerle fiestas a alguien — to make a fuss of somebody

    tener la fiesta en paz — (Esp fam) to enjoy some peace and quiet

    2)
    a) ( día festivo) (public) holiday
    b) fiestas femenino plural ( festejos) fiesta, festival; (de fin de año, etc) festive season

    ¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? — where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?

    •
    •• Cultural note:
    A fiesta in Spain can be a day of neighborhood celebrations, a larger event for a town or city, or a national holiday, to commemorate a saint's day or some historical event. For example, Madrid has the fiestas de San Isidro, in honor of its patron saint. Other famous Spanish holidays include the Fallas in Valencia, the Sanfermines in July in Pamplona, and the Feria de Sevilla, two weeks after Easter. They can last for a week or more, during which everyday life is often interrupted. Classes in schools may stop and banks, stores, and post offices alter their opening hours. There are often bullfights and dancing to live bands and people eat and drink plentifully
    In Latin America, a period of one or more days on which each country celebrates its independence. There are usually military parades, firework displays, and folk activities typical of the country
    * * *
    = party, celebration, feast, bash, festive occasion, social gathering.
    Ex. Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.
    Ex. The sense of camaraderie experienced in meeting with other devotees is not unworthy of some kind of celebration.
    Ex. Sometimes this was done simply by staying away (Saint Monday was always a popular feast in the trade), but perhaps more often by contracting with the master to work less.
    Ex. The 'Book bash' designed to recruit special needs children and their families to the library.
    Ex. The sale, nearly stopped on legal technicalities, was held as a festive occasion with tea and auction of more valuable books.
    Ex. The study room was transformed for an evening into a coffee house where an intellectual and social gathering took place.
    ----
    * dar una fiesta = give + a party.
    * día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.
    * droga de fiesta = club drug.
    * ¡felices fiestas! = season's greetings!.
    * fiesta de aniversario = anniversary celebration, anniversary party.
    * fiesta de apertura = opening party.
    * fiesta de borrachos = drunken party.
    * fiesta de despedida = farewell dinner, goodbye party.
    * fiesta de despedida de soltera = bachelorette party, bridal shower, bachelorette shower.
    * fiesta de despedida de soltero = stag night, bachelor party, stag party.
    * fiesta de disfraces = costume party, fancy dress ball.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * fiesta de inauguración = opening party.
    * fiesta de la cerveza = beer party.
    * fiesta de Navidad = festive season holiday.
    * fiesta de Nochevieja = New Year's Eve party.
    * fiesta de pijamas = slumber party, pyjamas party.
    * fiesta de precepto = holiday of obligation.
    * fiesta de recién nacido = baby shower.
    * fiesta en honor al sol = solar festival.
    * fiesta rave = rave.
    * fiesta sorpresa = surprise party.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * reina de las fiestas = beauty queen.
    * sala de fiestas = dance-hall.
    * salir de fiesta = party.
    * salón de baile = ballroom.
    * ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.
    * * *
    1) ( celebración) party

    dieron una gran fiesta — they threw o had a big party

    hacerle fiestas a alguien — to make a fuss of somebody

    tener la fiesta en paz — (Esp fam) to enjoy some peace and quiet

    2)
    a) ( día festivo) (public) holiday
    b) fiestas femenino plural ( festejos) fiesta, festival; (de fin de año, etc) festive season

    ¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? — where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?

    •
    •• Cultural note:
    A fiesta in Spain can be a day of neighborhood celebrations, a larger event for a town or city, or a national holiday, to commemorate a saint's day or some historical event. For example, Madrid has the fiestas de San Isidro, in honor of its patron saint. Other famous Spanish holidays include the Fallas in Valencia, the Sanfermines in July in Pamplona, and the Feria de Sevilla, two weeks after Easter. They can last for a week or more, during which everyday life is often interrupted. Classes in schools may stop and banks, stores, and post offices alter their opening hours. There are often bullfights and dancing to live bands and people eat and drink plentifully
    In Latin America, a period of one or more days on which each country celebrates its independence. There are usually military parades, firework displays, and folk activities typical of the country
    * * *
    = party, celebration, feast, bash, festive occasion, social gathering.

    Ex: Their purposes was to settle the disputes between the members, to negotiate with master, to accumulate and disburse a benevolent fund, and to exact contributions for drinks and parties.

    Ex: The sense of camaraderie experienced in meeting with other devotees is not unworthy of some kind of celebration.
    Ex: Sometimes this was done simply by staying away (Saint Monday was always a popular feast in the trade), but perhaps more often by contracting with the master to work less.
    Ex: The 'Book bash' designed to recruit special needs children and their families to the library.
    Ex: The sale, nearly stopped on legal technicalities, was held as a festive occasion with tea and auction of more valuable books.
    Ex: The study room was transformed for an evening into a coffee house where an intellectual and social gathering took place.
    * dar una fiesta = give + a party.
    * día de fiesta = holiday, public holiday.
    * droga de fiesta = club drug.
    * ¡felices fiestas! = season's greetings!.
    * fiesta de aniversario = anniversary celebration, anniversary party.
    * fiesta de apertura = opening party.
    * fiesta de borrachos = drunken party.
    * fiesta de despedida = farewell dinner, goodbye party.
    * fiesta de despedida de soltera = bachelorette party, bridal shower, bachelorette shower.
    * fiesta de despedida de soltero = stag night, bachelor party, stag party.
    * fiesta de disfraces = costume party, fancy dress ball.
    * fiesta de guardar = holiday of obligation.
    * fiesta de inauguración = opening party.
    * fiesta de la cerveza = beer party.
    * fiesta de Navidad = festive season holiday.
    * fiesta de Nochevieja = New Year's Eve party.
    * fiesta de pijamas = slumber party, pyjamas party.
    * fiesta de precepto = holiday of obligation.
    * fiesta de recién nacido = baby shower.
    * fiesta en honor al sol = solar festival.
    * fiesta rave = rave.
    * fiesta sorpresa = surprise party.
    * ofrecer una fiesta = host + party.
    * reina de las fiestas = beauty queen.
    * sala de fiestas = dance-hall.
    * salir de fiesta = party.
    * salón de baile = ballroom.
    * ser el éxito de la fiesta = steal + the limelight, steal + the show.

    * * *
    fiesta de cumpleaños birthday party
    dieron una gran fiesta they threw o had a big party
    cualquier visita es una fiesta para ella every visit is a treat for her
    los vecinos están de fiesta the neighbors are having a party
    aguar la fiesta to spoil the fun, be a wet blanket ( colloq)
    hacerle fiestas a algn to make a fuss of sb
    no estoy para fiestas I'm not in the mood for fun and games
    tener la fiesta en paz to enjoy some peace and quiet
    tengamos la fiesta en paz that's enough!, cut it out! ( colloq), let's have some peace and quiet
    B
    1 (día festivo) holiday
    el lunes es fiesta Monday is a holiday
    santificar las fiestas ( Relig) to observe feast days
    2 fiestas fpl (festejos) fiesta, festival; (de fin de año, etc) festive season
    esta semana son las fiestas del pueblo this week the town's holding its annual festival o fiesta
    ¡felices fiestas! Merry o ( BrE) Happy Christmas!
    ¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? where are you going to spend the vacation ( AmE) o ( BrE) holidays?; fiestas (↑ fiesta a1)
    Compuestos:
    day of obligation
    fixed feast
    ● fiesta movible or móvil
    movable feast
    A (día festivo) public holiday
    B ( Esp) ( Taur) bullfighting
    ( AmL) independence day fiestas patrias (↑ fiesta aa1)
    * * *

     

    fiesta sustantivo femenino


    dieron una gran fiesta they threw o had a big party;
    estar de fiesta to be having a party;
    aguar la fiesta to spoil the fun


    fiesta nacional ( día festivo) public holiday;

    (Taur) bullfighting;

    c)

    ◊ fiestas sustantivo femenino plural ( festejos) fiesta, festival;


    (de fin de año, etc) festive season;
    ◊ ¡felices fiestas! Merry Christmas!;

    ¿dónde vas a pasar estas fiestas? where are you going to spend the vacation (AmE) o (BrE) holidays?
    fiesta sustantivo femenino
    1 (reunión de amigos) party: daremos una fiesta, we'll hold a party
    2 (festividad) celebration, festivity
    fuimos a las fiestas del pueblo, we went to the village fiesta/carnival
    día de fiesta, holiday
    fiesta nacional, bank holiday
    Esp la fiesta nacional, bullfighting
    3 Rel feast
    ♦ Locuciones: aguar la fiesta, to spoil the fun
    tengamos la fiesta en paz, let's not quarrel
    ' fiesta' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aguar
    - animar
    - animada
    - animado
    - animarse
    - baile
    - bochinche
    - cabezudo
    - celebración
    - cóctel
    - comistrajo
    - conocerse
    - corear
    - dar
    - deslucir
    - disfraz
    - disfrazarse
    - elemento
    - escabullirse
    - gala
    - haber
    - hazmerreír
    - hogareña
    - hogareño
    - languidecer
    - mañana
    - mentar
    - mescolanza
    - mezcolanza
    - motivo
    - nanay
    - obligada
    - obligado
    - organizar
    - organizarse
    - pensar
    - preparar
    - propia
    - propio
    - quisque
    - quisqui
    - rabiar
    - reticencia
    - romería
    - sarao
    - velada
    - acabar
    - aguado
    - alargar
    - alegrar
    English:
    advance
    - annoy
    - ask back
    - bank holiday
    - beeline
    - book
    - booze-up
    - cocktail party
    - do
    - family
    - feast
    - festival
    - find out
    - first
    - folding
    - frazzled
    - funny
    - gala
    - garden party
    - gatecrash
    - gatecrasher
    - give
    - go
    - half-holiday
    - Hallowe'en
    - Halloween
    - have
    - heart
    - hoedown
    - hold
    - holiday
    - housewarming
    - legal holiday
    - let on
    - loud
    - miffed
    - miss
    - name
    - night
    - nobody
    - noisy
    - party
    - presentable
    - rave
    - reception
    - riotous
    - rip-roaring
    - rowdy
    - shower
    - swing
    * * *
    fiesta nf
    1. [reunión] party;
    dar una fiesta en honor de alguien to give a party in sb's honour;
    Fam
    ¡se acabó la fiesta, todo el mundo a trabajar! the party's over, back to work everyone!;
    Fam
    aguar la fiesta a alguien to spoil sb's fun;
    Fam
    no estar para fiestas to be in no mood for joking;
    Fam
    no sabe de qué va la fiesta he hasn't got a clue;
    Fam
    tengamos la fiesta en paz let's have no more arguments
    fiesta benéfica fête;
    fiesta de cumpleaños birthday party;
    fiesta de disfraces fancy dress party;
    fiesta de fin de año New Year o Year's party;
    Urug fiesta lluvia potluck party;
    la fiesta nacional [de país] national holiday;
    Esp [los toros] bullfighting; Am fiesta patria national holiday [commemorating important historical event];
    fiesta sorpresa surprise party;
    2.
    fiestas [de pueblo, barrio] (local) festivities;
    el pueblo está en fiestas the town is holding its annual fair o festival
    fiesta(s) mayor(es) = local celebrations for the festival of a town's patron saint;
    fiesta(s) patronal(es) = celebrations for the feast day of a town's patron saint
    3. [día] public holiday;
    ser fiesta to be a public holiday;
    hacer fiesta to be on holiday;
    mañana tenemos fiesta en la oficina it's an office holiday tomorrow;
    fiestas [vacaciones] Br holidays, US vacation;
    ¡felices fiestas! [en Navidad] Merry Christmas!, US happy holidays!
    Rel fiesta de guardar holiday of obligation; Rel fiesta movible moveable feast; Rel fiesta de prefecto holiday of obligation
    FIESTAS
    Coming from the same Latin root as “feast”, the Spanish word fiesta has long since entered the vocabulary of English. This is largely because of the importance of such celebrations in the Spanish-speaking world. Every town or village, of whatever size, has its day (if not week) of annual celebrations. These may be associated with the local patron saint or with some historical event, such as Independence Day. On these days people may dress up in traditional clothes, take part in traditional dances and eat special dishes associated with the festival. There may be firework displays and street processions of a more or less religious nature, and, as the saying goes, a good time is generally had by all.
    * * *
    f
    1 festival;
    ¡felices fiestas! de pueblo enjoy the fiesta!; en Navidad Happy Holidays!, Merry Christmas!
    2 ( reunión social) party;
    estar de fiesta be in a party mood;
    no estar para fiestas be in no mood for jokes;
    ¡se acabó la fiesta! the party’s over!
    3 ( día festivo) public holiday;
    hacer fiesta have a day off
    * * *
    fiesta nf
    1) : party, fiesta
    2) : holiday, feast day
    * * *
    1. (celebración) party [pl. parties]
    2. (día festivo) holiday
    hacer fiesta / tener fiesta to have a day off

    Spanish-English dictionary > fiesta

  • 25 régimen

    m.
    1 regimen, diet, regulated manner of exercise or diet.
    2 regime, system of government.
    * * *
    1 PLÍTICA regime
    2 MEDICINA diet
    3 (condiciones) system, regime, rules plural; (forma de producirse) pattern
    4 TÉCNICA speed
    5 LINGÚÍSTICA government
    \
    estar a régimen to be on a diet
    poner a régimen to put on a diet
    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet
    régimen de vida way of life
    régimen tormentoso (clima) stormy weather
    * * *
    noun m.
    2) diet
    * * *
    SM
    (pl regímenes)
    1) (Pol) régime
    2) (Med) (tb: régimen alimenticio) diet

    régimen de adelgazamiento — diet, slimming diet

    3) (=reglas) rules pl, set of rules
    * * *
    1) ( dieta) diet

    estar a o hacer régimen — to be on a diet

    2)
    b) (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime (tech)
    3) (Pol) regime
    * * *
    = diet, regime [régime], regimen, diet.
    Ex. Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.
    Ex. This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex. Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex. For example, space medicine certainly requires a knowledge of medicine, but in addition involves problems related to space physics, mechanics (the phenomenon of weightlessness), diet, hygiene, the list is formidable.
    ----
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * partidario del régimen = loyalist.
    * régimen alimenticio = dieting.
    * régimen autoritario = authoritarian regime.
    * régimen capitalista = capitalist regime.
    * régimen comunista = communist regime.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * régimen dictatorial = dictatorial regime.
    * régimen fascista = fascist regime.
    * régimen militar = military regime.
    * régimen policial = police regime.
    * régimen político = political regime.
    * régimen socialista = socialist regime.
    * * *
    1) ( dieta) diet

    estar a o hacer régimen — to be on a diet

    2)
    b) (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime (tech)
    3) (Pol) regime
    * * *
    = diet, regime [régime], regimen, diet.

    Ex: Miss Laski suggests that the depiction of life found in many novels is naive, over-simplified and, as a constant diet, can do more harm than good.

    Ex: This study found that online access to scientific serials is most appropriate in the third world, principally due to the presence of a small number of scientists with a broad range of interests which makes the fixed-price regimes of print, microform or CD-ROM disadvantageous.
    Ex: Moreover, the medical profession encompasses a spectrum of opinions as to the efficacy, value, and danger attendant upon various regimens and courses of treatment.
    Ex: For example, space medicine certainly requires a knowledge of medicine, but in addition involves problems related to space physics, mechanics (the phenomenon of weightlessness), diet, hygiene, the list is formidable.
    * alojamiento en régimen de pensión completa = full-board accommodation.
    * antiguo régimen, el = ancient regime, the.
    * a régimen = on a diet.
    * partidario del régimen = loyalist.
    * régimen alimenticio = dieting.
    * régimen autoritario = authoritarian regime.
    * régimen capitalista = capitalist regime.
    * régimen comunista = communist regime.
    * régimen de vida = lifestyle [life style/life-style].
    * régimen dictatorial = dictatorial regime.
    * régimen fascista = fascist regime.
    * régimen militar = military regime.
    * régimen policial = police regime.
    * régimen político = political regime.
    * régimen socialista = socialist regime.

    * * *
    A (dieta) diet
    estoy a régimen or estoy haciendo régimen I'm on a diet
    tengo que seguir un régimen especial I have to follow a special diet
    el médico lo ha puesto a régimen the doctor has put him on a diet
    me voy a poner a régimen I'm going to go on a diet
    un régimen de adelgazamiento rápido a rapid weight-loss diet
    B
    1
    (reglamento): el régimen de visitas es muy estricto visiting hours are strictly controlled, the visiting regime is very strict
    presos sometidos a régimen de alta seguridad prisoners held under a high-security regime/in a high security prison
    2 (de lluvias, vientos) pattern, regime ( tech)
    el régimen de lluvias the rainfall pattern
    Compuesto:
    lifestyle
    C ( Pol) regime antiguo
    * * *

     

    régimen sustantivo masculino
    1 ( dieta) diet;

    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet
    2 (Pol) regime
    régimen sustantivo masculino
    1 Med diet
    a régimen, on a diet
    2 Pol regime
    3 (de lluvias, etc) pattern
    4 (disposiciones) system, regime
    régimen de vida, lifestyle
    ' régimen' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    franquismo
    - opositor
    - opositora
    - oprimir
    - represaliar
    - restaurar
    - someterse
    - tambalearse
    - acoger
    - agonizar
    - base
    - dieta
    - estar
    - imperante
    - implantar
    - monárquico
    - severo
    English:
    corrupt
    - diet
    - downfall
    - put
    - regime
    - slimming
    - vegetarian
    - condominium
    - crash
    - loyalist
    - open
    - slim
    - slimmer
    - taxation
    - tidal
    * * *
    1. [sistema político] regime;
    régimen parlamentario parliamentary system
    2. [normas] rules;
    alojarse en un hotel en régimen de media pensión to stay at a hotel (on) half-board;
    estar en régimen abierto [preso] to be allowed to leave the prison during the day
    régimen fiscal tax regime
    3. [dieta] diet;
    estar a régimen to be on a diet;
    ponerse a régimen to go on a diet;
    seguir un régimen to follow a diet
    régimen de adelgazamiento slimming diet;
    4. [rutina] pattern
    régimen climático climate;
    régimen hidrológico rainfall pattern;
    régimen de lluvias rainfall pattern;
    régimen de marea tide range;
    régimen de vida lifestyle
    5. Ling government
    6. Tec [de motor] speed
    * * *
    m
    1 POL regime
    2 MED diet;
    estar a régimen be on a diet;
    poner a régimen put on a diet
    :
    preso en régimen abierto JUR prisoner in an open prison
    :
    régimen fiscal tax regime
    * * *
    1) : regime
    2) : diet
    3) : regimen, rules pl
    régimen de vida: lifestyle
    * * *
    1. (dieta) diet

    Spanish-English dictionary > régimen

  • 26 position

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] key position (in government)
    [Swahili Word] hatamu
    [Swahili Plural] hatamu
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position
    [English Plural] positions
    [Swahili Word] cheo
    [Swahili Plural] vyeo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [English Example] he was hired by the government as Executive Officer since 26 March, 1973, and from there he was promoted until he arrived at the position he held prior to this appointment
    [Swahili Example] aliajiriwa serikalini kama Afisa Tawala tangu Machi 26 mwaka 1973 na tokea hapo alipanda vyeo hadi kufikia cheo alichokuwa nacho kabla ya uteuzi huu (http://209.183.227.156/ipp/alasiri/2005/01/19/30370.html Alasiri 28 Jan 2005)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position
    [Swahili Word] gredi
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Derived Word] Eng.
    [Swahili Example] ana gredi gani? [Rec]
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position
    [English Plural] positions
    [Swahili Word] kikao
    [Swahili Plural] vikao
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -kaa
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position
    [English Plural] positions
    [Swahili Word] msimamo
    [Swahili Plural] misimamo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 3/4
    [English Example] As I see it you understand my position, or don't you, my husband?
    [Swahili Example] Nami nijuavyo ni kwamba msimamo wangu unaufahamu; au sivyo, bwana?
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position
    [Swahili Word] wadhifa
    [Swahili Plural] nyadhifa
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 11/10
    [Derived Word] Arabic
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position (official)
    [Swahili Word] mamlaka
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position (on a matter)
    [Swahili Word] usemi
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Swahili Example] usemi wa serikali
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position (proper or expected)
    [Swahili Word] pahala
    [Swahili Plural] pahala
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position (proper or expected)
    [Swahili Word] pahali
    [Swahili Plural] pahali
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 9/10
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position in front of
    [Swahili Word] kabla
    [Part of Speech] adverb
    [Derived Language] Arabic
    [Related Words] -kabili
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] position in life
    [English Plural] positions
    [Swahili Word] kiwango
    [Swahili Plural] viwango
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -anga
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] put in position
    [Swahili Word] -tega
    [Part of Speech] verb
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] put onself in position
    [Swahili Word] -jipanga
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Swahili Definition] jiweka kwa cheo
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] respected social position
    [Swahili Word] usheha
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] social position
    [English Plural] social positions
    [Swahili Word] kiwango
    [Swahili Plural] viwango
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Derived Language] Swahili
    [Derived Word] -anga
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] social position
    [Swahili Word] makamo
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [English Word] social position
    [Swahili Word] makamu
    [Part of Speech] noun
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    English-Swahili dictionary > position

  • 27 contener

    v.
    1 to contain.
    ¿qué contiene esa maleta? what's in this suitcase?
    Ese estudio contiene mucha información That study contains a lot of info.
    Esa bolsa contiene melocotones That bag contains peaches.
    2 to restrain, to hold back.
    tuvieron que contenerlo para que no agrediera al fotógrafo he had to be restrained from attacking the photographer
    no pudo contener la risa/el llanto he couldn't help laughing/crying
    Pedro contiene su ira Peter holds back his anger.
    3 to stanch, to stop, to staunch.
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ TENER], like link=tener tener
    1 (incluir) to contain, hold
    2 (detener) to hold back, restrain
    3 (reprimir) to restrain, hold back, contain; (respiración) to hold
    1 to control oneself, contain oneself, keep a hold on oneself
    * * *
    verb
    2) hold
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=incluir) to contain

    no contiene alcohol — alcohol-free, does not contain alcohol

    2) (=frenar) [+ gente, muchedumbre] to contain, hold back; [+ revuelta, epidemia, infección] to contain; [+ invasión, lágrimas, emoción] to contain, hold back; [+ aliento, respiración] to hold; [+ hemorragia] to stop; [+ bostezo] to stifle; [+ inflación] to check, curb; [+ precios, déficit, consumo] to keep down
    3) Cono Sur (=significar) to mean
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) recipiente/producto/libro to contain
    2) (parar, controlar) <infección/epidemia> to contain; < tendencia> to curb; < movimiento político> to keep...in check; < respiración> to hold; <risa/lágrimas> to contain (frml), to hold back; <invasión/revuelta> to contain
    2.
    contenerse v pron (refl) to contain oneself
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) recipiente/producto/libro to contain
    2) (parar, controlar) <infección/epidemia> to contain; < tendencia> to curb; < movimiento político> to keep...in check; < respiración> to hold; <risa/lágrimas> to contain (frml), to hold back; <invasión/revuelta> to contain
    2.
    contenerse v pron (refl) to contain oneself
    * * *
    contener1
    1 = bear, contain, contain in, enclose, gather, hold, host, include, possess, carry, be stocked with, harbour [harbor, -USA], offer, provide.

    Ex: Use a uniform title for an entry if the item bears a title proper that differs from the uniform title.

    Ex: The label contains information about the record, indicating, for instance, its length, status, for example, new, amended, type and class.
    Ex: A printed index is a pointer, or indicator, or more fully, a systematic guide to the items contained in, or concepts derived from a collection.
    Ex: The building encloses an art gallery, tourist office, conference room, concert hall and cinema.
    Ex: A bibliography is a list of materials or items which is restricted in its coverage by some feature other than the materials being gathered in one library collection.
    Ex: If the search is made with a call number, a summary of copies with that call number which are held by the library is first displayed.
    Ex: Most computer bureaux which host the factual data bases have their own world-wide networks.
    Ex: Document descriptions may be included in catalogues, bibliographies and other listings of documents.
    Ex: Not every index necessarily exhibits all the features of either of these types of indexing systems, and indeed, some will possess elements of both types of systems.
    Ex: Europe Environment carries useful reports on the activities of the lobby groups in the environmental, consumer protection and research fields.
    Ex: The paperback shelves in many retail outlets are stocked with books which, in spite of their print-runs, may or may not be a financial success.
    Ex: When the reference collection fails or the question is broad in nature, the stacks may harbor exactly what is wanted.
    Ex: Thus some current awareness services can be purchased from external vendors, whilst others may be offered by a library or information unit to its particular group of users.
    Ex: To start with, most catalogues, indexes, data bases and bibliographies provide access to information or documents.
    * contener en abundancia = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad = abound in/with.
    * contener en cantidad + Nombre = contain + its share of + Nombre.
    * contener hiperenlaces = hotlink [hot-link].
    * contener información = carry + information.
    * contener mucho = be high in.

    contener2
    2 = staunch [stanch, -USA], dam (up), smother, keep at + bay, hold + the line, repress, force back, bottle up, hold at + bay, rein in, hold + Nombre + in.

    Ex: Some notable progress is being made worldwide in staunching publishers' losses.

    Ex: But to prevent any meandering at all, or to dam the flow of talk too soon and too often by intruding, generally only frustrates spontaneity = Aunque evitar cualquier divagación o cortar el flujo de la conversación demasiado pronto y con demasiada frecuencia con interrupciones generalmente sólo coarta la espontaneidad.
    Ex: Smothering an excusable curse, Modjeski asked: 'How much longer is Wade likely to be out?'.
    Ex: A new approach is needed to maintain the freshness, vitality and humour that will keep at bay the dryer mode of academic examination.
    Ex: The standpatters argue, and the progressives agree, that the tax line must be held in the interest of attracting industry = Los conservadores proponen y los progresistas están de acuerdo en que se deben contener los impuestos para atraer a la industria.
    Ex: Friends of Cuban Libraries draw attention to the extent to which intellectual freedom is being repressed in Cuba.
    Ex: Then tears began to well in her eyes and the trembling of her breath showed that she was forcing back a lump in her throat.
    Ex: Instead of showing her anger towards her parents, Jamie continued to keep her feelings bottled up inside of her.
    Ex: A man died early today after holding deputies at bay for three hours, then shooting himself.
    Ex: If librarians hope to rein in escalating periodical prices, they must become more assertive consumers.
    Ex: The longer a fart is held in, the larger the proportion of inert nitrogen it contains, because the other gases tend to be absorbed into the bloodstream through the walls of the intestine.
    * contener Algo = keep + Nombre + in check.
    * contener el aliento = hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * contener la respiración = hold + Posesivo + breath.
    * contener las lágrimas = hold back + Posesivo + tears.
    * contener los gastos = contain + costs.
    * contenerse = hold back on, forbear, check + Reflexivo.
    * sin poder contenerse = helplessly.

    * * *
    vt
    A «recipiente/producto/mezcla» to contain
    la carta contenía acusaciones muy serias the letter contained some very serious accusations
    [ S ] contiene lanolina contains lanolin
    B (parar, controlar) ‹infección/epidemia› to contain; ‹respiración› to hold; ‹risa/lágrimas› to contain ( frml), to hold back; ‹invasión/revuelta› to contain
    la policía intentaba contener a la gente the police tried to hold back o contain o restrain the crowd
    dejó estallar aquella furia contenida he let out all that pent up o bottled up rage
    ( refl) to contain oneself
    no me pude contener y me eché a llorar I couldn't contain myself and I burst into tears
    tuve que contenerme para no insultarlo it was all I could do not to insult him, I had to control myself to stop myself insulting him
    * * *

     

    contener ( conjugate contener) verbo transitivo
    a) [recipiente/producto/libro] to contain

    b) (parar, controlar) ‹infección/epidemia› to contain;

    ‹ tendencia› to curb;
    ‹ respiración› to hold;
    ‹risa/lágrimas› to contain (frml), to hold back;
    ‹invasión/revuelta› to contain
    contenerse verbo pronominal ( refl) to contain oneself;

    contener verbo transitivo
    1 to contain: ¿qué contiene esa caja?, what does that box contain?
    2 (refrenar una pasión) to hold back, restrain: ¡contén tus ansias de vengarte!, restrain your desire for revenge!

    ' contener' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aguantarse
    - albergar
    - contenerse
    - dominar
    - frenar
    - incluir
    - resistir
    - respiración
    - tener
    - aguantar
    - comprender
    English:
    accommodate
    - breath
    - check
    - choke back
    - contain
    - curb
    - dam up
    - face
    - hold
    - hold back
    - repress
    - restrain
    - stem
    - straight
    - suppress
    - fight
    - keep
    - stifle
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [encerrar] to contain;
    ¿qué contiene esa maleta? what's in this suitcase?;
    la novela contiene elementos diversos the novel has many different aspects;
    no contiene CFC [en etiqueta] does not contain CFCs
    2. [detener, reprimir] [epidemia] to contain;
    [respiración] to hold; [conflicto, crisis] to contain; [éxodo] to contain, to stem; [inflación, salarios] to keep down;
    no pudo contener la risa/el llanto he couldn't help laughing/crying;
    tuvieron que contenerlo para que no agrediera al fotógrafo he had to be restrained from attacking the photographer
    * * *
    v/t
    1 contain
    2 respiración hold; muchedumbre hold back
    * * *
    contener {80} vt
    1) : to contain, to hold
    2) atajar: to restrain, to hold back
    * * *
    1. (tener) to contain
    2. (aguantar) to hold back [pt. & pp. held]

    Spanish-English dictionary > contener

  • 28 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 29 con

    prep.
    1 with.
    ¿con quién vas? who are you going with?
    lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own efforts
    una cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documents
    con el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it
    2 in spite of (a pesar de).
    con todo despite everything
    con lo estudioso que es, le suspendieron for all his hard work, they still failed him
    Está con mucho dolor He is in [with] a lot of pain.
    3 by.
    con hacerlo así by doing it this way
    con salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time
    * * *
    1 (instrumento, medio) with
    2 (modo, circunstancia) in, with
    ■ ¿vas a salir con este frío? are you going out in this cold?
    ■ me gustas con ese vestido you look nice in that dress, I like that dress on you
    3 (juntamente, en compañía) with
    7 (comparación) compared to
    8 (a pesar de) in spite of, despite
    9 con + inf by + gerund
    10 (aunque) in spite of
    ■ con ser tan fuerte... in spite of being so strong...
    \
    con que / con tal de que / con tal que provided, as long as
    con todo (y eso) nevertheless, even so
    * * *
    prep.
    1) with
    2) to, towards
    •
    * * *
    PREP
    1) [indicando compañía, instrumento, medio] with

    ¿con quién vas a ir? — who are you going with?

    andar con muletas — to walk on o with crutches

    con el tiempo — in the course of time, with time

    2) [indicando características, estado]
    3) [indicando combinación] and
    4) [indicando contenido]

    encontraron una maleta con 800.000 dólares — they found a suitcase containing 800,000 dollars o with 800,000 dollars in it

    5) [indicando modo]

    estar con algo, estar con dolor de muelas/la pierna escayolada — to have toothache/one's leg in plaster

    con mucho gusto — certainly, by all means

    6) [como complemento personal de algunos verbos] to

    ¿con quién hablas? — who are you speaking to?

    se ha casado con Jesús — she's married Jesús, she's got married to Jesús

    7) [tras adjetivos] to, towards

    amable con todos — kind to o towards everybody

    8) [con decimales]

    once con siete — [11,7] eleven point seven ( 11.7)

    9) (=pese a) in spite of

    con tantas dificultades, no se descorazonó — in spite of all o for all the difficulties he didn't lose heart

    con ser su madre, le odia — even though she is his mother she hates him

    con todo (y con eso), la gente se lo pasó bien — in spite of everything, people had a good time

    10) [en exclamaciones]

    ¡vaya con el niño! — * the cheeky monkey! *

    ¡con lo bien que se está aquí! — and it's so nice here too!

    no me dejó ni un trocito, con lo que me gustan esos caramelos — he didn't even let me have a tiny piece, and he knows how much I like those sweets

    11) [indicando una condición]
    a) + infin

    con decirle que no voy, se arreglará todo — when I tell him I'm not going, everything will be fine

    b)

    con que + subjun —

    con que me invite, me conformo — as long as o provided that she invites me, I don't mind

    tal 3., 4)
    * * *
    1)
    a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with
    b) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)
    2)

    ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?

    ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position

    ¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus

    con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now

    con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)

    3)
    a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) with

    córtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it

    caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!

    con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)

    b) ( indicando modo) with
    c) (al describir características, un estado)

    ¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?

    4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)
    * * *
    = by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.
    Ex. By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.
    Ex. Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex. WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.
    Ex. Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.
    Ex. What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.
    Ex. It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.
    Ex. The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.
    ----
    * acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.
    * andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.
    * asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.
    * con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.
    * con afabilidad = good-naturedly.
    * con afán = earnestly.
    * con afecto = fondly, affectionately.
    * con agallas = spunky.
    * con agilidad = nimbly.
    * con agradecimiento = gratefully.
    * con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.
    * con ahínco = diligently, industriously.
    * con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.
    * con alas = winged.
    * con alborozo = mirthfully.
    * con alegría = joyously, gleefully.
    * con algoritmos = algorithmically.
    * con alimentación manual = hand-fed.
    * con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].
    * con amabilidad = graciously.
    * con amargura = bitterly.
    * con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.
    * con anotaciones = scripted.
    * con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.
    * con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.
    * con ansias de poder = power-hungry.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.
    * con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.
    * con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.
    * con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.
    * con apatía = listlessly.
    * con aplicación = industriously, studiously.
    * con aprensión = apprehensively.
    * con aprobación = approvingly.
    * con ardor = ardently.
    * con armonía = harmoniously.
    * con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con asco = disgustedly.
    * con asiduidad = assiduously.
    * con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.
    * con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.
    * con atención = attentively.
    * con audacia = boldly.
    * con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.
    * con avances = stepped-up.
    * con avaricia = rapaciously.
    * con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.
    * con barba = bearded.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.
    * con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.
    * con basura por el suelo = littered.
    * con bisagras = hinged.
    * con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.
    * con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.
    * con brotes = budded.
    * con buena fama = respected.
    * con buena reputación = respected, reputable.
    * con buenas conexiones = well-connected.
    * con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.
    * con buen gusto = tastefully.
    * con buen humor = good-humouredly.
    * con buenos contactos = well-connected.
    * con buenos modales = politely.
    * con bultos = lumpiness.
    * con burbujas = carbonated.
    * con cable = corded.
    * con cafeina = caffeinated.
    * con cajero = cashiered.
    * con calefacción = heated.
    * con calefacción central = centrally heated.
    * con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.
    * con capucha = hooded.
    * con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.
    * con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.
    * con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.
    * con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.
    * con cariño = fondly, affectionately.
    * con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.
    * con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.
    * con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].
    * con cierta comodidad = with some ease.
    * con cierta facilidad = with some ease.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.
    * con cierto detalle = at some length.
    * con cierto gasto = at some expense.
    * con cinismo = cynically.
    * con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.
    * con claustros = cloistered.
    * con clavos = hobnailed.
    * con cobro = fee-based.
    * con codicia = rapaciously.
    * con cola = caudate.
    * con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.
    * con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.
    * con cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.
    * con comodidad = with ease, easily.
    * con comprensión = sympathetically.
    * con compromisos = strings attached.
    * con condiciones especiales = strings attached.
    * con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.
    * con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con consecuencias fatales = fatally.
    * con consentimiento = willing.
    * con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.
    * con copyright = copyright-protected.
    * con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.
    * con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].
    * con cortesía = courteously.
    * con costras = caked.
    * con creces = amply, far + Verbo.
    * con créditos = credit-carrying.
    * con criterio = discerning.
    * con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.
    * con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.
    * con cuernos = horned.
    * con cuidado = gently, carefully.
    * con cúpula = domed.
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * con decisión = decisively.
    * con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.
    * con deferencia = dutifully.
    * con deleite = with gusto.
    * con delicadeza = delicately, gently.
    * con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.
    * con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.
    * con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.
    * con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.
    * con demasiado trabajo = overworked.
    * con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.
    * con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.
    * con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.
    * con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.
    * con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.
    * con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.
    * con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.
    * con descaro = impudently.
    * con desconfianza = suspiciously.
    * con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.
    * con desenfado = lightheartedly.
    * con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.
    * con desfachatez = impudently.
    * con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.
    * con destino a = to.
    * con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.
    * con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.
    * con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.
    * con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.
    * con dientes de sierra = serrated.
    * con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.
    * con diferencia = by far.
    * con diferentes variaciones = in variation.
    * con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.
    * con dificultades = in difficulties.
    * con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.
    * con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.
    * con diplomacia = diplomatically.
    * con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.
    * con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.
    * con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.
    * con doble titulación = dually qualified.
    * con dos caras = double-faced.
    * con dos facetas = double-faced.
    * con dudas = uncertainly.
    * con dudosa reputación = disreputable.
    * con dureza = harshly.
    * con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.
    * con eficacia = ably.
    * con eficiencia = ably.
    * con efusión = effusively.
    * con ejemplos = by example(s).
    * con él = therewith.
    * con el agua al cuello = in hot water.
    * con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.
    * con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.
    * con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.
    * con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.
    * con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.
    * con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.
    * con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.
    * con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.
    * con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.
    * con el culo al aire = out in the cold.
    * con el debido respeto = with due respect.
    * con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.
    * con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.
    * con el emblema = under the banner.
    * con el fin de = in order to.
    * con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.
    * con ellos = with them.
    * con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.
    * con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.
    * con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * con el mismo = therewith.
    * con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....
    * con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.
    * con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.
    * con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.
    * con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con el paso de = with the passing of.
    * con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.
    * con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * con el pie deformado = clubfooted.
    * con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.
    * con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.
    * con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.
    * con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.
    * con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.
    * con el título = entitled.
    * con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).
    * con el transcurso de = with the passing of.
    * con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.
    * con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.
    * con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * con el uso = in use, with use.
    * con encimera de mármol = marble-top.
    * con energía = powerfully.
    * con enfado = angrily.
    * con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.
    * con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].
    * con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * con escamas = flaky.
    * con ese fin = to that end.
    * con esmero = sedulously, studiously.
    * con eso = thereto, by this.
    * con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.
    * con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.
    * con este fin = to this end, to that effect.
    * con estilo = stylish.
    * con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.
    * con estructura de acero = steel-framed.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * con estudios = schooled, educated.
    * con exactitud = precisely.
    * con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.
    * con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.
    * con expectación = expectantly.
    * con experiencia = experienced.
    * con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.
    * con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.
    * con exuberancia = lushly.
    * con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.
    * con fascinación = rhapsodically.
    * con fecha = dated, dated.
    * con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.
    * con ferocidad = ferociously.
    * con figuras en movimiento = animated.
    * con filtros = filtered.
    * con financiación independiente = self-funded.
    * con financiación propia = self-funded.
    * con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.
    * con firma = signed.
    * con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.
    * con flexibilidad = flexibly.
    * con fluidez = fluent, fluently.
    * con forma de castillo = castellated.
    * con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].
    * con forma de pelo = hair-like.
    * con forma de pera = pear-shaped.
    * con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.
    * con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.
    * con forma de U = U-shaped.
    * con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.
    * con franqueza = frankly.
    * con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * con frondosidad = lushly.
    * con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.
    * con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.
    * con funda = jacketed.
    * con fundamentos = informed.
    * con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.
    * con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.
    * con futuro = up-and-coming.
    * con gafas = bespectacled.
    * con ganas = with gusto.
    * con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.
    * con garantías de calidad = quality assured.
    * con gas = carbonated.
    * con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.
    * con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * con gracia = wittily, funnily.
    * con gran capacidad = capacious.
    * con gran colorido = brightly coloured.
    * con gran densidad de población = densely populated.
    * con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.
    * con grandilocuencia = grandly.
    * con gran esplendor = grandly.
    * con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.
    * con gran motivación = highly-motivated.
    * con gran sentimiento = earnestly.
    * con gratitud = gratefully.
    * con gravedad = grimly.
    * con guión = hyphenated.
    * con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.
    * con habilidad = adeptly.
    * con hambre de poder = power-hungry.
    * con hastial = gabled.
    * con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.
    * con honestidad = honestly.
    * con humildad = humbly.
    * con humor = humorously.
    * con ilusión = eagerly.
    * con imágenes en movimiento = animated.
    * con imaginación = imaginatively.
    * con impaciencia = with bated breath.
    * con impasibilidad = impassively.
    * con impunidad = with impunity.
    * con incredulidad = incredulously.
    * con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.
    * con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.
    * con indulgencia = leniently.
    * con información = information-bearing.
    * con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.
    * con inocencia = innocently.
    * con insistencia = insistently.
    * con insolencia = impudently.
    * con intencionalidad = calculated.
    * con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.
    * con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.
    * con intereses propios = self-interested.
    * con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.
    * con intervención directa = obtrusive.
    * con ira = angrily.
    * con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.
    * con juicio de valor = value-loaded.
    * con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.
    * con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].
    * con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.
    * con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.
    * con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.
    * con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.
    * con la debida consideración = with due consideration.
    * con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.
    * con la edad = with age.
    * con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.
    * con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.
    * con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.
    * con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.
    * con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.
    * con la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * con la frente en alto = stand + tall.
    * con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con la imaginación = in imagination.
    * con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.
    * con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.
    * con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.
    * con la mente despejada = clear-headed.
    * con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).
    * con la mirada en blanco = blankly.
    * con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.
    * con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.
    * con la misma altura que = the full height of.
    * con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.
    * con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.
    * con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.
    * con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.
    * con lascivia = lustily.
    * con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.
    * con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].
    * con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.
    * con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.
    * con las garras fuera = knives-out.
    * con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.
    * con las manos vacías = empty-handed.
    * con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.
    * con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.
    * con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.
    * con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.
    * con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.
    * con las uñas fuera = knives-out.
    * con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.
    * con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.
    * con limitación temporal = time-oriented.
    * con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.
    * con llave = locked, locking.
    * con lo cual = whereupon.
    * con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.
    * con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.
    * con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.
    * con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.
    * con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.
    * con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.
    * con lujuria = lustily.
    * con machetes = machete-wielding.
    * con madurez = maturely.
    * con magnanimidad = magnanimously.
    * con mala fama = disreputable.
    * con mala reputación = disreputable.
    * con maldad = ill-naturedly.
    * con malhumor = moodily.
    * con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].
    * con marca = branded.
    * con más antigüedad = longest-serving.
    * con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.
    * con más frecuencia = most frequently.
    * con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más razón aún = a fortiori.
    * con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].
    * con mayor detalle = in greater detail.
    * con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.
    * con meandros = meandering.
    * con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].
    * con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con mejoras = stepped-up.
    * con melancolía = wistfully.
    * con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.
    * con millones de ventas = megaselling.
    * con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).
    * con miras al futuro = forward-looking.
    * con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.
    * con motivo de = on the occasion of.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.
    * con nervios = rib.
    * con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].
    * con nosotros = with us.
    * con nostalgia = wistfully.
    * con notas a pie de página = footnoted.
    * con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.
    * con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.
    * con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.
    * con objeto de hacer = toward(s).
    * con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).
    * con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * con ocasión de = on the occasion of.
    * con ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.
    * con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.
    * con olor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a orina = urinous.
    * con olor a polvo = dust smelling.
    * con orgullo = proudly.
    * con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.
    * con paciencia = patiently.
    * con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.
    * con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.
    * con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.
    * con pasión = with passion, passionately.
    * con patas = legged.
    * con peligro de muerte = life threatening.
    * con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.
    * con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.
    * con pequeños matices = nuanced.
    * con pereza = lazily.
    * con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.
    * con perspicacia = perceptively.
    * con pesar = with regret.
    * con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.
    * con picardía = slyly, wickedly.
    * con pie firme = sure-footed.
    * con piernas = legged.
    * con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.
    * con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.
    * con pleno derecho = with full rights.
    * con pliegues = pleated.
    * con poca claridad = indistinctly.
    * con poca exactitud = loosely.
    * con poca experiencia = inexperienced.
    * con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.
    * con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.
    * con poca luz = badly-lit.
    * con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.
    * con poca población = thinly populated.
    * con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * con poco dinero = on the cheap.
    * con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.
    * con pocos recursos = under-resourced.
    * con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * con poder = powerful.
    * con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.
    * con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.
    * con posterioridad a = subsequent to.
    * con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].
    * con precipitación = rashly.
    * con precisión = precisely.
    * con preferencia = preferably.
    * con preferencia sobre = in preference to.
    * con prejuicios = prejudicial.
    * con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.
    * con principios = principled.
    * con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.
    * con problemas = in hot water.
    * con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * con problemas de vista = vision impaired.
    * con problemas visuales = vision impaired.
    * con profusión = in profusion.
    * con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.
    * con provecho = with profit.
    * con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].
    * con rabo = caudate.
    * con ráfagas de viento = blustery.
    * con rapacidad = rapaciously.
    * con rapidez = promptly.
    * con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.
    * con rebeldía = defiantly.
    * con referencia = re.
    * con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.
    * con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.
    * con regocijo = gleefully.
    * con regularidad = regularly.
    * con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.
    * con rencor = spitefully.
    * con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.
    * con repugnancia = disgustedly.
    * con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.
    * con reserva = doubtfully.
    * con reservas = qualified, with reservations.
    * con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.
    * con resolución = resolutely.
    * con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.
    * con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....
    * con respeto = respectfully.
    * con responsabilidad = responsibly.
    * con retraso mental = mentally retarded.
    * con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.
    * con ruedas = wheeled.
    * con rumbo a = bound for.
    * con sabiduría = sagely.
    * con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].
    * con sabor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.
    * con sagacidad = shrewdly.
    * con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].
    * con salida al mercado = due out.
    * con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.
    * con satisfacción = contentedly.
    * con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].
    * con sed de poder = power-hungry.
    * con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.
    [b]* con sede en Amér
    * * *
    1)
    a) (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with
    b) (indicando el objeto de comportamiento, actitud)
    2)

    ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? — how can we go in this rain?

    ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto — she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position

    ¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? — aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus

    con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido — it's really late, he should have gone by now

    con todo lo que tengo que hacer! — on top of everything else I have to do!; todo III 2)

    3)
    a) (indicando instrumento, medio, material) with

    córtalo con la tijera — cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it

    caray con la niña (or el vecino, etc)! — well would you believe it!

    con + inf: con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything; con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples if o as long as you call him, that should do; con decirte que... I mean, to give you an example...; me contento con que apruebes — as long as you pass I'll be happy; tal III 2)

    b) ( indicando modo) with
    c) (al describir características, un estado)

    ¿vas a ir con ese vestido? — are you going in that dress?

    4) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario)
    * * *
    = by use of, with, WITH, possessed of, what with, not without, featuring.

    Ex: By use of the code 'p' on the saved document summary screen you can request than one of the saved document lists be printed.

    Ex: Photographs are normally kept in drawers of standard filing cabinets, with folders or pockets, or both.
    Ex: WITH retrieves records in which two (or more) terms appear in the same field.
    Ex: Possessed of a phenomenal memory and a perpetual smile, this paragon always is ready to meet the public without losing balance or a sense of humor.
    Ex: What with Consuelo Feng in tears and Bernice Washington very pale, and startled, all was incomprehensible.
    Ex: It has shown that the technology can work, but not without problems.
    Ex: The exhibition also contains a group of ink drawings featuring self-portraits and portraits inspired by classical sculpture.
    * acoger con entusiasmo = greet + warmly.
    * andar con cuidado = tread + lightly.
    * asintiendo con entusiasmo = in eager assent.
    * con abundantes dorados = heavily gilt.
    * con afabilidad = good-naturedly.
    * con afán = earnestly.
    * con afecto = fondly, affectionately.
    * con agallas = spunky.
    * con agilidad = nimbly.
    * con agradecimiento = gratefully.
    * con agudeza = perceptively, subtly.
    * con ahínco = diligently, industriously.
    * con aire acondicionado = air conditioned.
    * con alas = winged.
    * con alborozo = mirthfully.
    * con alegría = joyously, gleefully.
    * con algoritmos = algorithmically.
    * con alimentación manual = hand-fed.
    * con altanería = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con altibajos = chequered [checkered, -USA].
    * con amabilidad = graciously.
    * con amargura = bitterly.
    * con amor no correspondido = lovelorn.
    * con anotaciones = scripted.
    * con ansias de conquistar el mundo = world-conquering.
    * con ansias de leer = reading-desirous.
    * con ansias de poder = power-hungry.
    * con ansiedad = eagerly, with bated breath.
    * con antelación = beforehand, ahead of time.
    * con antelación a = in anticipation of, in advance (of), prior to.
    * con anterioridad a = pre, prior to, before the days of.
    * con anterioridad a la contratación = pre-employment [preemployment].
    * con añoranza = longingly, wistfully.
    * con apatía = listlessly.
    * con aplicación = industriously, studiously.
    * con aprensión = apprehensively.
    * con aprobación = approvingly.
    * con ardor = ardently.
    * con armonía = harmoniously.
    * con arrogancia = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con asco = disgustedly.
    * con asiduidad = assiduously.
    * con aspecto de adulto = adult-looking.
    * con astucia = by cunning, astutely, slyly, shrewdly, cannily.
    * con atención = attentively.
    * con audacia = boldly.
    * con autoridad = authoritative, authoritatively.
    * con avances = stepped-up.
    * con avaricia = rapaciously.
    * con baño = en suite, en-suite bathroom, en-suite bath, en-suite facilities.
    * con barba = bearded.
    * con base de arena = sand-based.
    * con base empírica = empirically-based.
    * con base en = based in.
    * con bastante antelación = well in advance, far in advance.
    * con bastante frecuencia = quite frequently, fairly often.
    * con basura por el suelo = littered.
    * con bisagras = hinged.
    * con botones = buttoned, buttoned-up.
    * con botones por detrás = back-buttoning.
    * con brotes = budded.
    * con buena fama = respected.
    * con buena reputación = respected, reputable.
    * con buenas conexiones = well-connected.
    * con buenas intenciones = well meant, in good faith, well-intentioned, well-intended, well-meaning.
    * con buen gusto = tastefully.
    * con buen humor = good-humouredly.
    * con buenos contactos = well-connected.
    * con buenos modales = politely.
    * con bultos = lumpiness.
    * con burbujas = carbonated.
    * con cable = corded.
    * con cafeina = caffeinated.
    * con cajero = cashiered.
    * con calefacción = heated.
    * con calefacción central = centrally heated.
    * con calma = calmly, leisurely, tranquilly.
    * con capucha = hooded.
    * con cara de cansado = bleary-eyed.
    * con cara de sueño = bleary-eyed.
    * con cargo a = to be debited to, to be charged to.
    * con cargo de conciencia = remorseful.
    * con cariño = fondly, affectionately.
    * con carne = meaty [meatier -comp., meatiest -sup.].
    * con cautela = cautiously, warily, with a grain of salt.
    * con certeza = for sure, with assurance, for certain.
    * con chasis fabricado por separado del bastidor = coachbuilt [coach-built].
    * con cierta comodidad = with some ease.
    * con cierta facilidad = with some ease.
    * con cierta formación = educated.
    * con cierta frecuencia = not uncommonly.
    * con cierto detalle = at some length.
    * con cierto gasto = at some expense.
    * con cinismo = cynically.
    * con cintura de avispa = wasp-waisted.
    * con claustros = cloistered.
    * con clavos = hobnailed.
    * con cobro = fee-based.
    * con codicia = rapaciously.
    * con cola = caudate.
    * con cola espesa = bushy-tailed.
    * con cola tupida = bushy-tailed.
    * con cólicos = colicky newborn.
    * con columnas corintias = Corinthian-columned.
    * con comodidad = with ease, easily.
    * con comprensión = sympathetically.
    * con compromisos = strings attached.
    * con condiciones especiales = strings attached.
    * con confianza = confidently, with confidence, trustingly, trustfully.
    * con confianza en uno mismo = self-confident.
    * con conocimiento = authoritatively.
    * con conocimiento básico en el manejo de la información = information literate [information-literate].
    * con conocimiento básico en el uso de la biblioteca = library literate [library-literate].
    * con conocimiento de = appreciative of, conversant with.
    * con conocimiento de causa = knowingly.
    * con conocimiento de informática = computer literate [computer-literate].
    * con conocimiento en el uso de Internet = Internet-savvy.
    * con conocimientos en = versed in.
    * con conocimientos sobre el correo electrónico = e-mail literate.
    * con consecuencias fatales = fatally.
    * con consentimiento = willing.
    * con contenido enriquecido = content-enriched.
    * con control atmosférico = atmospherically-controlled.
    * con copyright = copyright-protected.
    * con corazón de piedra = stony-hearted.
    * con corrientes de aire = draughty [drafty, -USA].
    * con cortesía = courteously.
    * con costras = caked.
    * con creces = amply, far + Verbo.
    * con créditos = credit-carrying.
    * con criterio = discerning.
    * con cualidades humanas = anthropomorphic.
    * con cuanta creatividad = how creatively.
    * con cuernos = horned.
    * con cuidado = gently, carefully.
    * con cúpula = domed.
    * con datos no pertinentes = dirty [dirtier -comp., dirtiest -sup.].
    * con decisión = decisively.
    * con dedos pegajosos = sticky-fingered.
    * con deferencia = dutifully.
    * con deleite = with gusto.
    * con delicadeza = delicately, gently.
    * con demasiada facilidad = all too easily.
    * con demasiada frecuencia = all too often, all too frequently, too often.
    * con demasiadas expectativas = over expectant.
    * con demasiados miramientos = mealy-mouthed.
    * con demasiado trabajo = overworked.
    * con demasidad facilidad = all too easy.
    * con derecho a voto = eligible to vote.
    * con derecho de autor = copyright-protected.
    * con derechos de autor = copyrightable, royalty-paid.
    * con desaliento = despondently, dispiritedly, hopelessly.
    * con desánimo = dejectedly, despondently.
    * con desaprobación = disapproving, disapprovingly.
    * con descaro = impudently.
    * con desconfianza = suspiciously.
    * con descuento = at a discount, discounted, cut-price, cut-rate.
    * con desenfado = lightheartedly.
    * con desesperación = dispiritedly, hopelessly.
    * con desfachatez = impudently.
    * con desgana = listlessly, reluctantly, unwillingly.
    * con destino a = to.
    * con destreza = nimbly, adeptly, with ease.
    * con detalle = at a detailed level, in detail.
    * con determinación = with purpose, single-mindedly, purposefully, steadfastly.
    * con dientes de conejo = bucktoothed.
    * con dientes de sierra = serrated.
    * con dientes salidos = bucktoothed.
    * con diferencia = by far.
    * con diferentes variaciones = in variation.
    * con dificultad = laboriously, with difficulty.
    * con dificultades = in difficulties.
    * con diligencia = sedulously, industriously, studiously.
    * con dinamismo = proactively [pro-actively], vivaciously.
    * con diplomacia = diplomatically.
    * con discapacidades físicas = physically challenged.
    * con disimulo = on the quiet, on the sly.
    * con doble acristalamiento = double-glazed.
    * con doble titulación = dually qualified.
    * con dos caras = double-faced.
    * con dos facetas = double-faced.
    * con dudas = uncertainly.
    * con dudosa reputación = disreputable.
    * con dureza = harshly.
    * con efecto desde + Fecha = with effect from + Fecha.
    * con eficacia = ably.
    * con eficiencia = ably.
    * con efusión = effusively.
    * con ejemplos = by example(s).
    * con él = therewith.
    * con el agua al cuello = in hot water.
    * con el agua hasta el cuello = in deep water.
    * con el alma en vilo = on tenterhooks.
    * con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.
    * con el ceño fruncido = with a frown.
    * con el conocimiento de que = on the understanding that.
    * con el corazón destrozado = broken-hearted.
    * con el corazón en la boca = on tenterhooks.
    * con el corazón en un puño = on tenterhooks.
    * con el corazón partido = broken-hearted.
    * con el corazón roto = broken-hearted.
    * con el correr del tiempo = over the years, in the process of time, with the passage of time.
    * con el culo al aire = out in the cold.
    * con el debido respeto = with due respect.
    * con el decursar del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time.
    * con elegancia = elegantly, gracefully.
    * con el emblema = under the banner.
    * con el fin de = in order to.
    * con ello = in doing so, in the process, thereto.
    * con ellos = with them.
    * con el más sumo cuidado = with utmost care.
    * con el mayor cuidado = with utmost care.
    * con el mayor secreto = a veil of secrecy.
    * con el mismo = therewith.
    * con el mismo + Nombre + como el que... = as + Adverbio + as....
    * con el mismo planteamiento que = on the same lines as.
    * con el nacimiento de = at the dawn of.
    * con el nombre y dirección del remitente = self-addressed.
    * con el número = numbered.
    * con el objetivo de = with the purpose of, with a brief to, with the aim of, with a focus on.
    * con el objeto de = in the attempt to, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con el paso de = with the passing of.
    * con el paso de los años = with the passing of (the) years.
    * con el paso del tiempo = over the years, over time, with the passage of time, in due course, over a period of time, in the course of time, over the course of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * con el pie deformado = clubfooted.
    * con el pretexto de = under the guise of, under the flag of, in the guise of.
    * con el primer intento = at the first shot.
    * con el propósito de = with the purpose of, with the aim of, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con el propósito de superarse uno mismo = self-improvement-oriented.
    * con el rabo entre las piernas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear.
    * con el sudor de + Posesivo + frente = by the sweat of + Posesivo + brow.
    * con el suelo de tierra = dirt-floored.
    * con el tiempo = in time, over the years, with time, with the passage of time, eventually, in due course, over a period of time, in due time, over time, in the process of time, as time passed (by), as time passes (by), as time goes by, as time went by, by and by.
    * con el título = entitled.
    * con el transcurrir del tiempo = with the passage of time, in the process of time, as time passed (by).
    * con el transcurso de = with the passing of.
    * con el transcurso de los años = over the years, with the passing of (the) years.
    * con el transcurso de los siglos = over the course of the centuries.
    * con el transcurso del tiempo = over time, with time, with age, in the course of time, over the course of time, as time passes (by), as time went by.
    * con el uso = in use, with use.
    * con encimera de mármol = marble-top.
    * con energía = powerfully.
    * con enfado = angrily.
    * con enfermedades mentales = mentally challenged.
    * con entusiasmo = eagerly, enthusiastically, rhapsodically, wholeheartedly [whole-heartedly].
    * con entusiasmo en los ojos = bright-eyed.
    * con errores = flawed.
    * con errores gramaticales = grammatically challenged, grammatically incorrect.
    * con escamas = flaky.
    * con ese fin = to that end.
    * con esmero = sedulously, studiously.
    * con eso = thereto, by this.
    * con esperanza = in hopeful expectation.
    * con espíritu deportivo = sportingly.
    * con este fin = to this end, to that effect.
    * con estilo = stylish.
    * con esto = by so doing, in so doing, in this, herewith, by doing so, by this, in doing so.
    * con estructura de acero = steel-framed.
    * con estructura de madera = timber-framed.
    * con estudios = schooled, educated.
    * con exactitud = precisely.
    * con excepción de = with the exception of, except for.
    * con éxito = successful, successfully, winningly.
    * con expectación = expectantly.
    * con experiencia = experienced.
    * con experiencia ampliamente demostrada = proven.
    * con experiencia profesional = professionally-qualified.
    * con exuberancia = lushly.
    * con facilidad = without difficulty, fluently, with ease, easily.
    * con fascinación = rhapsodically.
    * con fecha = dated, dated.
    * con fecha + Fecha = dated + Fecha.
    * con ferocidad = ferociously.
    * con figuras en movimiento = animated.
    * con filtros = filtered.
    * con financiación independiente = self-funded.
    * con financiación propia = self-funded.
    * con fines + Adjetivo = for + Nombre + purposes.
    * con fines lucrativos = profit-making, profit-orientated, profit-oriented, profit-generating.
    * con firma = signed.
    * con firmeza = assertively, resolutely, firmly, unshakably, staunchly.
    * con flexibilidad = flexibly.
    * con fluidez = fluent, fluently.
    * con forma de castillo = castellated.
    * con forma de estrella = star-shaped [star shaped].
    * con forma de pelo = hair-like.
    * con forma de pera = pear-shaped.
    * con forma de pirámide = trihedral, pyramidal-shaped.
    * con forma de tetraedro = trihedral.
    * con forma de U = U-shaped.
    * con forma piramidal = pyramidal-shaped.
    * con franqueza = frankly.
    * con frecuencia = frequently, often [oftener -comp., oftenest -sup.], oftentimes [often times], ofttimes [oft-times].
    * con frondosidad = lushly.
    * con fuertes aspiraciones profesionales = upward-mobile.
    * con fuerza = forcefully, vigourously [vigorously, -USA], powerfully.
    * con funda = jacketed.
    * con fundamentos = informed.
    * con fundamentos sólidos = well-considered.
    * con furia = with a vengeance, furiously.
    * con futuro = up-and-coming.
    * con gafas = bespectacled.
    * con ganas = with gusto.
    * con ganas de pelear = on the warpath.
    * con garantías de calidad = quality assured.
    * con gas = carbonated.
    * con generosidad = generously, unstintingly.
    * con goteras = leaking, leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup].
    * con gracia = wittily, funnily.
    * con gran capacidad = capacious.
    * con gran colorido = brightly coloured.
    * con gran densidad de población = densely populated.
    * con gran dificultad = with great difficulty.
    * con grandilocuencia = grandly.
    * con gran esplendor = grandly.
    * con gran iluminación = brightly illuminated.
    * con gran motivación = highly-motivated.
    * con gran sentimiento = earnestly.
    * con gratitud = gratefully.
    * con gravedad = grimly.
    * con guión = hyphenated.
    * con gusto = happily, satisfyingly, stylish, willingly.
    * con habilidad = adeptly.
    * con hambre de poder = power-hungry.
    * con hastial = gabled.
    * con heridas superficiales = superficially wounded.
    * con honestidad = honestly.
    * con humildad = humbly.
    * con humor = humorously.
    * con ilusión = eagerly.
    * con imágenes en movimiento = animated.
    * con imaginación = imaginatively.
    * con impaciencia = with bated breath.
    * con impasibilidad = impassively.
    * con impunidad = with impunity.
    * con incredulidad = incredulously.
    * con independencia de = in spite of, despite, although, despite the fact that, in spite of the fact that.
    * con indiferencia = indifferently, casually.
    * con indignación = disgustedly, indignantly.
    * con indulgencia = leniently.
    * con información = information-bearing.
    * con iniciativa = proactively [pro-actively], proactive [pro-active], enterprising.
    * con inocencia = innocently.
    * con insistencia = insistently.
    * con insolencia = impudently.
    * con intencionalidad = calculated.
    * con intenciones ocultas = agenda-laden.
    * con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.
    * con intereses propios = self-interested.
    * con interrupciones = discontinuous, episodic.
    * con intervención directa = obtrusive.
    * con ira = angrily.
    * con júbilo = joyously, gleefully.
    * con juicio de valor = value-loaded.
    * con la anchura de los hombros = shoulder-width.
    * con la ayuda de = under the guidance of.
    * con la cabeza en las nubes = ditzy [ditzier -comp., ditziest -sup.], ditsy [ditsier -comp., ditsiest -sup.].
    * con la conciencia limpia = with a clear conscience.
    * con la conciencia tranquila = with a clear conscience.
    * con la condición de que = on the understanding that, with the condition that, on the condition that.
    * con la convicción de que = in the belief that/of, on the assumption that.
    * con la debida consideración = with due consideration.
    * con la debida cualificación = properly qualified.
    * con la edad = with age.
    * con la espalda contra la pared = up against the wall.
    * con la esperanza de = in hope(s) of, with the hope(s) of.
    * con la esperanza de que = in the hope(s) that, in hope(s) that.
    * con la excusa de = in the name of, under the mantle of, under the flag of, under the guise of, in the guise of.
    * con la expectativa de que = in hopeful expectation that.
    * con la extensión de un libro = book-length.
    * con la falda típica escocesa = kilted.
    * con la formación adecuada = adequately-trained.
    * con la frente en alto = stand + tall.
    * con lagañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con la imaginación = in imagination.
    * con la intención de = designing, with an eye toward(s), intending to, aimed at, purposefully, intended to, in the drive to, in a drive to.
    * con la intención de comunicar hechos = fact-communicating.
    * con la llegada de = with the advent of, with the arrival of.
    * con la mejor voluntad del mundo = in good faith.
    * con la mente despejada = clear-headed.
    * con la mirada en = with an eye toward(s).
    * con la mirada en blanco = blankly.
    * con la mirada perdida = stare into + space, gaze into + space.
    * con la mirada puesta en = with an eye on, in + Posesivo + sights.
    * con la misma altura que = the full height of.
    * con la portada hacia fuera = face-out.
    * con la punta de los pies mirando hacia dentro = pigeon-toed.
    * con la sabiduría que da la experiencia = with the benefit of hindsight.
    * con las características similares a las de texto = text-like.
    * con lascivia = lustily.
    * con las dimensiones de una pared = wall-sized.
    * con las dos manos = two handed [two-handed].
    * con las espalda contra la pared = with + Posesivo + back against the wall.
    * con las esquinas dobladas = dog-eared.
    * con las garras fuera = knives-out.
    * con las manos muy largas = light-fingered.
    * con las manos vacías = empty-handed.
    * con las mejores intenciones = best-intentioned.
    * con la soga al cuello = in dire straits.
    * con las orejas gachas = with a flea in + Posesivo + ear, depressed.
    * con las rodillas mirando hacia dentro y los talones hacia fuera = knock-kneed.
    * con (la) suficiente antelación = in good time, early enough, well in advance.
    * con las uñas fuera = knives-out.
    * con lazos muy estrechos = close-knit.
    * con legañas en los ojos = bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con licencia para vender bebidas alcohólicas = licensed, licensed.
    * con limitación temporal = time-oriented.
    * con límites impuestos por uno mismo = self-limiting.
    * con llave = locked, locking.
    * con lo cual = whereupon.
    * con lo pies sobre la tierra = down-to-earth.
    * con los nervios a flor de piel = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge, highly-strung.
    * con los nervios de punta = edgy [edgier -comp., edgiest -sup.], nervy [nervier -comp., nerviest -sup.], on edge.
    * con los ojos empañados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos hinchados = bleary-eyed.
    * con los ojos llorosos = misty-eyed, bleary [blearier -comp., bleariest -sup.].
    * con los ojos nublados = misty-eyed.
    * con los ojos vendados = blindfold, blindfolded.
    * con los últimos avances = state-of-the-art, leading edge.
    * con lujuria = lustily.
    * con machetes = machete-wielding.
    * con madurez = maturely.
    * con magnanimidad = magnanimously.
    * con mala fama = disreputable.
    * con mala reputación = disreputable.
    * con maldad = ill-naturedly.
    * con malhumor = moodily.
    * con maña = skilfully [skillfully, -USA], skilful [skillful, -USA].
    * con marca = branded.
    * con más antigüedad = longest-serving.
    * con más detalle = in most detail, in more detail.
    * con más frecuencia = most frequently.
    * con más intensidad aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más razón aún = a fortiori.
    * con más vigor aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más virulencia aun = with a vengeance.
    * con más vitalidad = revitalised [revitalized, -USA].
    * con mayor detalle = in greater detail.
    * con mayor profundidad = in most detail, in more detail.
    * con meandros = meandering.
    * con mechones = streaky [streaker -comp., streakiest -sup.].
    * con medios insuficientes = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy escasos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con medios muy exiguos = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con mejoras = stepped-up.
    * con melancolía = wistfully.
    * con miedo = fearfully, afraid, frightened.
    * con millones de ventas = megaselling.
    * con miras a (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).
    * con miras al futuro = forward-looking.
    * con moderación = sparingly, in moderation.
    * con motivo de = on the occasion of.
    * con mucha ceremonia = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha cohesión = tightly knit, closely knit, tight-knit.
    * con mucha diferencia = by far.
    * con mucha energía = high energy.
    * con mucha frecuencia = very often.
    * con mucha información = populated.
    * con mucha labia = glibly, smooth-tongued, smooth-talking.
    * con mucha palabrería = glibly.
    * con mucha población = heavily populated.
    * con mucha pompa = ceremoniously.
    * con mucha prisa = without a minute to spare.
    * con muchas actividades = event-filled.
    * con muchas deudas = heavily indebted.
    * con muchas ilustraciones = copiously illustrated.
    * con muchas imágenes = image intensive.
    * con muchas prestaciones = feature-filled, multifacility.
    * con mucha vitalidad = lively [livelier -comp., liveliest -sup.].
    * con mucho = very much, far + Verbo, grossly, overwhelmingly, by far, by a long shot, by a long way, hands down.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * con mucho bombo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho contenido = information packed [information-packed].
    * con mucho esfuerzo = painfully.
    * con mucho éxito = with a wide appeal.
    * con mucho protocolo = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho público = well attended [well-attended].
    * con muchos acontecimientos = event-filled.
    * con muchos detalles = elaborately.
    * con muchos eventos = event-filled.
    * con muchos huesos y poca carne = bony [bonier -comp., boniest -sup.].
    * con muchos lectores = with a wide appeal.
    * con muchos miramientos = ceremoniously.
    * con mucho trabajo = painfully.
    * con muy poca antelación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca anticipación = at (a) very short notice.
    * con muy poca frecuencia = all too seldom, all too seldom.
    * con muy pocas excepciones = with few exceptions, with a few exceptions.
    * con muy pocos medios = on a shoestring (budget).
    * con naturalidad = unselfconsciously.
    * con nervios = rib.
    * con niebla = foggy [foggier -comp., foggiest -sup.].
    * con nosotros = with us.
    * con nostalgia = wistfully.
    * con notas a pie de página = footnoted.
    * con + Número + año(s) de antelación = Número + year(s) ahead.
    * con objetivos específicos = goal-oriented.
    * con objeto de = in order to, in an attempt to, in an effort to, aimed at, with the purpose of, in a bid to, with the aim of.
    * con objeto de hacer = toward(s).
    * con objeto de (+ Infinitivo) = with a view to (+ Gerundio).
    * con objeto de + Verbo = for the purpose of + Nombre.
    * con ocasión de = on the occasion of.
    * con ojos azules = blue-eyed.
    * con ojos brillantes = bright-eyed.
    * con ojos de lince = eagle-eyed, sharp-eyed.
    * con ojos vivarachos = bright-eyed.
    * con olor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con olor a cerrado = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con olor a humedad = musty [mustier -comp., mustiest -sup.], mousy [mousier -comp., mousiest -sup.].
    * con olor a orina = urinous.
    * con olor a polvo = dust smelling.
    * con orgullo = proudly.
    * con otra copa de lo mismo se te cura la resaca = a hair of the dog that bit you.
    * con paciencia = patiently.
    * con pagos pendientes = be in arrears.
    * con papel de calco intercalado = carbon interleaved paper.
    * con participación del público mediante llamada telefónica = phone-in.
    * con pasión = with passion, passionately.
    * con patas = legged.
    * con peligro de muerte = life threatening.
    * con pelo cano = gray-haired, grey-haired.
    * con pelos y señales = blow-by-blow.
    * con pequeños matices = nuanced.
    * con pereza = lazily.
    * con perplejidad = quizzically, perplexedly.
    * con perspicacia = perceptively.
    * con pesar = with regret.
    * con pesimismo = pessimistically, gloomily.
    * con picardía = slyly, wickedly.
    * con pie firme = sure-footed.
    * con piernas = legged.
    * con pinzas = with a grain of salt, clamp-on.
    * con planes ocultos = agenda-laden.
    * con pleno derecho = with full rights.
    * con pliegues = pleated.
    * con poca claridad = indistinctly.
    * con poca exactitud = loosely.
    * con poca experiencia = inexperienced.
    * con poca iluminación = dimly illuminated.
    * con poca imaginación = unimaginatively.
    * con poca luz = badly-lit.
    * con poca naturalidad = stiltedly.
    * con poca población = thinly populated.
    * con pocas habilidades = poor-ability.
    * con poca visión de futuro = short-sighted [shortsighted].
    * con poco conocimiento de las nuevas tecnologías = technologically challenged.
    * con poco dinero = on the cheap.
    * con poco entusiasmo = half-heartedly.
    * con pocos recursos = under-resourced.
    * con pocos recursos económicos = low-budget.
    * con poder = powerful.
    * con + Posesivo + ayuda = under + Posesivo + guidance.
    * con posibilidades comerciales = commercially viable.
    * con posterioridad a = subsequent to.
    * con posterioridad a la contratación = post-employment [postemployment].
    * con precipitación = rashly.
    * con precisión = precisely.
    * con preferencia = preferably.
    * con preferencia sobre = in preference to.
    * con prejuicios = prejudicial.
    * con prepotencia = superciliously, haughtily.
    * con pretensiones de superioridad moral = self-righteous.
    * con principios = principled.
    * con prisa = in a rush, in a hurry.
    * con problemas = in hot water.
    * con problemas de aprendizaje = learning disabled.
    * con problemas de lectura = print disabled.
    * con problemas de vista = vision impaired.
    * con problemas visuales = vision impaired.
    * con profusión = in profusion.
    * con prontitud = expeditiously, promptly.
    * con provecho = with profit.
    * con púas = spiny [spinier -comp., spiniest -sup.].
    * con rabo = caudate.
    * con ráfagas de viento = blustery.
    * con rapacidad = rapaciously.
    * con rapidez = promptly.
    * con razón = rightly, quite rightly, understandably, rightfully.
    * con rebeldía = defiantly.
    * con referencia = re.
    * con referencia a = in relation to, in connection with, regarding.
    * con referencias espaciales = spatially referenced.
    * con regocijo = gleefully.
    * con regularidad = regularly.
    * con relación a = as regards, re, in relation to, in connection with, regarding, concerning.
    * con rencor = spitefully.
    * con reproche = reprovingly, reproachfully.
    * con repugnancia = disgustedly.
    * con resentimiento = resentfully, spitefully.
    * con reserva = doubtfully.
    * con reservas = qualified, with reservations.
    * con resignación = resignedly, uncomplainingly.
    * con resolución = resolutely.
    * con respecto a = concerning, in regard to, regarding, regarding, vis à vis, with regard(s) to, with respect to, within, as to, in extent of, in terms of, in the way of, as for, as regards, in relation to, in comparison with, in comparison to, as to the matter of, in reference to, now as to.
    * con respecto a si... o... = as to whether... or....
    * con respeto = respectfully.
    * con responsabilidad = responsibly.
    * con retraso mental = mentally retarded.
    * con rigor = rigourously [rigorously, -USA], harshly.
    * con ruedas = wheeled.
    * con rumbo a = bound for.
    * con sabiduría = sagely.
    * con sabor = flavoured [flavored, -USA].
    * con sabor a ajo = garlicky.
    * con sabor a fruta = fruity [fruitier -comp., fruitiest -sup.].
    * con sabor artificial = artificially flavoured.
    * con sagacidad = shrewdly.
    * con saldo = prepaid [pre-paid].
    * con salida al mercado = due out.
    * con sarcasmo = sardonically, pungently.
    * con satisfacción = contentedly.
    * con sed = thirsty [thirstier -comp., thirstiest -sup.].
    * con sed de poder = power-hungry.
    * con sede en = headquartered (at/in), based in.
    * con sede en Amér

    * * *
    A
    1 (expresando relaciones de compañía, comunicación, reciprocidad) with
    vive con el or su novio she lives with her boyfriend
    ¿quieres que hable con él? do you want me to talk to him?
    está casada con un primo mío she's married to a cousin of mine
    2
    (indicando el objeto de un comportamiento, una actitud): te portaste muy mal con ellos you behaved very badly toward(s) them
    he tenido mucha paciencia contigo I have been very patient with you
    3 ( fam)
    (yo y): eso es lo que estábamos diciendo con Lucía that's what Lucía and I were saying
    se sirve con arroz serve with rice
    para mí con leche y sin azúcar, por favor milk and no sugar for me, please
    pan con mantequilla bread and butter
    5 ( Mat):
    2,5 read as: dos con cinco 2.5 (léase: two point five)
    B
    1
    (indicando una relación de simultaneidad): una cápsula con cada comida one capsule with each meal
    se levanta con el alba he gets up at the crack of dawn
    2
    (indicando una relación de causa): ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain o while it's raining like this?
    me desperté con el ruido the noise woke me
    con todo lo que pasó me olvidé de llamarte what with everything that happened I forgot to ring you
    ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or con lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered to do it for me, which put me in an awkward position
    3
    (a pesar de): ¿no lo vas a llevar, con lo que le gusta el circo? aren't you going to take him? you know how much he likes the circus
    ¿cómo te olvidaste? ¡con las veces que te lo dije! how could you forget? the (number of) times I told you!
    con ser tan tarde or lo tarde que es, no estoy cansada it's very late and yet I'm not at all tired, I'm not at all tired, even though it's so late
    con todo (y con eso) me parece que es bueno even so o in spite of all that o all the same o nonetheless I think he's good
    C (indicando el instrumento, medio, material) with
    córtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissors, use the scissors to cut it
    agárralo con las dos manos hold it with both hands
    lo estás malcriando con tanto mimo you're spoiling him with all this pampering o by pampering him so much
    con estos retazos se puede hacer una colcha you can make a quilt out of these bits of material
    ¡caray con la niña! y parecía tan modosita well fancy that! o well would you believe it! and she seemed so demure
    con + INF:
    con llorar no se arregla nada crying won't solve anything
    no hay necesidad de escribir, con llamarlo ya cumples there's no need to write; as long as o if you call him, that should do
    ¡con decirte que un café cuesta el triple que aquí! I mean, to give you an example, a cup of coffee costs three times what it costs here
    con que + SUBJ:
    me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happy
    con tal de/con tal (de) que provided (that), as long as, so long as ( colloq)
    no importa cómo lo hagas con tal (de) que lo hagas it doesn't matter how you do it, just as long as you do it
    con tal (de) que me lo devuelvas antes de marzo as long as o provided I get it back by March
    es capaz de cualquier cosa con tal de llamar la atención he'll do anything to attract attention
    D
    andaba con dificultad/cuidado she was walking with difficulty/with care o carefully
    ¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!
    2
    (al describir características, un estado): amaneció con fiebre he had a temperature when he woke up, he woke up with a temperature
    ya estaba con dolores de parto she was already having labor pains
    andaba con ganas de bronca he was looking o spoiling for a fight
    con las manos en los bolsillos with his hands in his pockets
    ¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?
    me gusta más con el pelo suelto I like her better with her hair down
    una niña con ojos azules a girl with blue eyes, a blue-eyed girl
    una mujer con aspecto de extranjera a foreign-looking woman
    un monstruo con un solo ojo a one-eyed monster
    una casa con piscina a house with a swimming pool
    E
    ( AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario): me peino con Gerardo Gerardo does my hair
    me lo mandé hacer con un sastre I had it made by a tailor
    se estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me
    * * *

     

    con preposición


    ¡con mucho gusto! with pleasure!;
    córtalo con la tijera cut it with the scissor;
    amaneció con fiebre he woke up with a temperature;
    hablar con algn to talk to sb;
    está casada con mi primo she's married to my cousin;
    portarse mal con algn to behave badly toward(s) sb;
    tener paciencia con algn to be patient with sb;
    pan con mantequilla bread and butter;
    ¿vas a ir con ese vestido? are you going in that dress?

    ◊ ¿cómo vamos a ir con esta lluvia? how can we go in this rain?;

    ella se lo ofreció, con lo que or lo cual me puso a mí en un aprieto she offered it to him, which put me in an awkward position;
    con lo tarde que es, ya se debe haber ido it's really late, he should have gone by now
    c) con + inf:


    con llamarlo por teléfono ya cumples as long as you call him, that should do;
    me contento con que apruebes as long as you pass I'll be happy;
    See Also→ tal adverbio 2
    d) (AmL) (indicando el agente, destinatario):


    se estuvo quejando conmigo she was complaining to me
    con preposición
    1 (instrumento) with
    córtalo con un cuchillo, cut it with a knife
    1 (modo) with: hazlo con cuidado, do it carefully
    me trató con frialdad, he treated me with coldness
    2 (compañía) with: está paseando con mi madre, she is taking a walk with my mother
    3 (causa) con este frío no apetece salir, I don't feel like going out in this cold
    4 (estado) está con una depresión de caballo, he's deeply depressed
    iba con los labios pintados, she has put some lipstick on
    5 (contenido) with
    una caja con fotografías, a box (full) of photos
    6 (relación) to: está casada con un inglés, she is married to an Englishman
    habló con Alberto, he spoke to Alberto
    se disculpó con ella, he apologized to her
    7 (con infinitivo) con avisar les evitas el disgusto, just by phoning you'll save them any worry
    (+ que + subjuntivo) basta con que lo digas, it will be enough if you just say it
    ♦ Locuciones: con tal (de) que..., provided that...
    con todo (y con eso), even so
    ' con' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abarcar
    - abastecimiento
    - abatirse
    - ablandar
    - abochornar
    - abordar
    - abrazar
    - abrefácil
    - abrumar
    - acabar
    - acanallar
    - acaso
    - acero
    - acertar
    - achicharrarse
    - acierto
    - aclararse
    - acoger
    - acosar
    - acostarse
    - acreditada
    - acreditado
    - acuerdo
    - acusarse
    - adelante
    - adueñarse
    - afortunada
    - afortunado
    - afrontar
    - agarrar
    - agenciarse
    - agraciada
    - agraciado
    - agreste
    - agua
    - ahínco
    - ahumar
    - ahumada
    - ahumado
    - airosa
    - airoso
    - alhaja
    - alinearse
    - alma
    - almohada
    - alternar
    - alzarse
    - amanecer
    - amiguete
    - amilanarse
    English:
    abide
    - above
    - abruptly
    - abstract
    - accordance
    - accurately
    - accustom
    - aching
    - act
    - admit
    - advance
    - advice
    - advise
    - afraid
    - Afro
    - ageing
    - aggregate
    - aggressively
    - ago
    - agree
    - agreement
    - ahead
    - aim
    - ale
    - alive
    - all
    - allow for
    - allowance
    - ally
    - alone
    - along
    - aloud
    - amenable
    - amenities
    - Americana
    - amusement
    - and
    - angel food cake
    - angling
    - angrily
    - angry
    - annoy
    - antics
    - apologize
    - appointment
    - approach
    - approachable
    - arbitration
    - archery
    - argument
    * * *
    con prep
    1. [indica modo, manera o instrumento] with;
    se cortó con un cuchillo she cut herself with a knife;
    chocó con una farola he bumped into a lamppost;
    vino con un taxi she came by taxi;
    voy cómodo con estas botas/este jersey I'm comfortable in these boots/this sweater;
    iré a la boda con un traje negro I'm going to the wedding in a black suit;
    un joven con muy buenos modales a very polite young man;
    andar con la cabeza alta to walk with one's head held high;
    ir con prisa to be in a hurry;
    actuar con timidez to behave timidly;
    llover con fuerza to rain hard;
    lo ha conseguido con su esfuerzo he has achieved it through his own efforts;
    se lo puedes decir con toda confianza you needn't worry about telling her;
    trátalo con mucho cariño treat him with a lot of affection o very affectionately;
    lo haré con mucho gusto it will be a pleasure for me to do it, I'll be delighted to do it;
    con arreglo a la ley in accordance with the law
    2. [indica compañía, relación o colaboración] with;
    vive con sus padres she lives with her parents;
    se escribe con gente de varios países he corresponds with people from a number of different countries;
    ¿con quién vas? who are you going with?;
    está muy enfadado con su madre he's very angry with his mother;
    está casada con mi hermano she's married to my brother;
    estoy de acuerdo con ellos I agree with them;
    habló con todos he spoke to everybody;
    un acuerdo de colaboración con el Caribe a cooperation agreement with the Caribbean
    3. [indica contenido o cualidad]
    una persona con carácter a person of character;
    un hombre con bigote a man with a moustache;
    una bolsa con patatas a bag of potatoes;
    una cartera con varios documentos a briefcase containing several documents
    4. [indica unión o adición]
    un helado con nueces an ice cream with nuts;
    un pastel con nata a cream cake;
    el mío con leche, por favor I'd like milk in mine, please, I'd like mine white, please;
    el total con el IVA alcanza un millón the total is a million including Br VAT o US (sales) tax;
    tiene cuarenta con dos décimas de fiebre her temperature is 40.2 degrees
    5. [indica estado o situación]
    con buena salud in good health;
    está en cama con gripe she's in bed with flu;
    está con un enfado tremendo he's really angry;
    el niño está con ganas de ir al baño the child wants to go to the Br toilet o US bathroom;
    corría con ellos pisándome los talones I ran with them hot o hard on my heels
    6. [indica causa]
    el hielo se derrite con el calor ice melts when heated;
    me desperté con la música del vecino I was woken up by our neighbour playing music;
    con este tiempo no se puede ir de excursión we can't go out on a trip in this weather;
    con el tiempo lo olvidé in time I forgot it;
    con todo el trabajo que hemos tenido hoy, se me ha olvidado llamarle with all the work we've had today, I've forgotten to call her;
    se entristeció con las noticias she was sad when she heard the news;
    cómprales el libro, ¡con lo que les gusta leer! buy them the book, they like reading so much they'll be delighted!
    7. [hacia]
    para con towards;
    es amable para con todos she is friendly towards o with everyone
    8. (+ infinitivo) [para introducir una condición] by;
    con hacerlo así by doing it this way;
    con llamar ya quedarás bien you'll make a good impression just by phoning;
    con llorar no consigues nada it's no good crying, crying won't get you anywhere;
    con no decírselo a nadie, el secreto está garantizado if we don't tell anyone, secrecy will be guaranteed;
    con salir a las diez es suficiente if we leave at ten, we'll have plenty of time
    9. [a condición de que]
    con que, con tal de que as long as;
    con que llegue a tiempo me conformo I don't mind as long as he arrives on time;
    te dejo el gato con tal de que le des de comer I'll let you look after the cat as long as you feed it
    10. [a pesar de] in spite of;
    con todo despite everything;
    con todo lo raro que es, me encantan sus películas he may be weird, but I love his films, for all his weirdness, I love his films;
    con lo que hemos caminado hoy, y no estoy cansado despite the fact that we've walked so far today, I'm still not tired
    11. [para expresar queja o decepción]
    mira que perder, ¡con lo bien que jugaste! you were unlucky to lose, you played really well!;
    con lo agradable que es, y casi no tiene amigos considering how nice he is, he has surprisingly few friends
    12. Am [donde]
    fue a quejarse con su madre he complained to his mother;
    se hace los zapatos con Ardaches she has her shoes made at Ardaches;
    los domingos comen con su padre on Sundays they eat at her father's
    13. Méx [tras] after;
    ha trabajado día con día she's worked day after day o day in day out
    * * *
    prp
    1 with;
    voy con ellos I’m going with them;
    pan con mantequilla bread and butter;
    2
    :
    con todo eso in spite of all that;
    con tal de que provided that, as long as;
    con hacer eso by doing that;
    para con alguien to s.o., toward s.o.;
    con este calor in this heat;
    ¡con lo que he hecho por él! after all I’ve done for him!
    3
    :
    ser amable con alguien be kind to s.o.
    * * *
    con prep
    1) : with
    vengo con mi padre: I'm going with my father
    ¡con quién hablas?: who are you speaking to?
    2) : in spite of
    con todo: in spite of it all
    3) : to, towards
    ella es amable con los niños: she is kind to the children
    4) : by
    con llegar temprano: by arriving early
    5)
    con (tal) que : as long as, so long as
    * * *
    con prep
    1. (instrumento, compañía) with
    una bolsa con dinero a bag of money / a bag containing money
    con decir que no te interesa, será suficiente all you need to do is say you're not interested
    con lo + adjetivo but / yet
    con lo caro que ha costado y no funciona bien it was very expensive, but it doesn't work

    Spanish-English dictionary > con

  • 30 animal

    adj.
    1 animal (instintos, funciones).
    el reino animal the animal kingdom
    f. & m.
    animal, brute (person).
    m.
    animal.
    animal de carga beast of burden
    animal protegido protected species
    * * *
    1 animal
    2 figurado (basto) rough; (necio) ignorant, stupid; (grosero) rude, coarse, uncouth
    1 animal
    2 figurado (basto) rough person, brute, lout; (necio) dunce; (grosero) rude person
    ■ ¡animal! you brute!
    \
    animal de carga beast of burden
    reino animal animal kingdom
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) (=de los animales) animal
    2) * (=estúpido) stupid
    3) * (=bruto)

    ¡deja ya de empujar, no seas tan animal! — stop pushing, you great oaf o brute

    no seas animal, trátala con cariño — don't be such a brute, be kind to her

    ¡el muy animal se comió tres platos! — he had three helpings, the oaf o pig!

    2.
    - ser un animal de bellota
    - trabajar como un animal

    animal de carga — (=burro, buey) beast of burden

    ¡me tratas como a un animal de carga! — what did your last servant die of? *

    animal de tiro — draught animal, draft animal (EEUU)

    animal doméstico — [de compañía] pet; [de granja] domestic animal

    3. SMF *
    1) (=estúpido) fool, moron *

    ¡animal!, tres y dos son cinco — you fool o moron *, three plus two makes five

    2) (=bruto) brute

    eres un animal, lo has roto — you're so rough you've gone and broken it

    * * *
    I
    1) < instinto> animal (before n)
    2)
    a) (fam) ( estúpido) stupid
    b) ( grosero) rude, uncouth
    II
    1)
    a) (Zool) animal
    2) animal masculino y femenino (fam) ( persona violenta) brute, animal; ( grosero) lout
    * * *
    = animal, brute.
    Ex. Common names are, for example, names of animals, tools, diseases, and chemicals.
    Ex. It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.
    ----
    * amante de los animales = animal lover.
    * animal acuático = water animal, aquatic animal.
    * animal anfibio = amphibian.
    * animal carnívoro = carnivorous animal.
    * animal carroñero = scavenger.
    * animal ciliado = ciliate.
    * animal dañino = pest.
    * animal de carga = pack animal.
    * animal de corral = farmyard animal.
    * animal de costumbres = creature of habit.
    * animal de granja = farm animal, farmyard animal.
    * animal de presa = prey animal.
    * animal disecado = stuffed animal.
    * animal doméstico = pet, domestic animal.
    * animales de caza = game.
    * animal herbívoro = herbivorous animal.
    * animal joven = kit.
    * animal marino = marine animal.
    * animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.
    * animal que se alimenta filtrando plancton = filter feeder.
    * animal salvaje = wild animal.
    * animal terrestre = land animal.
    * animal vertebrado = vertebrate animal.
    * animal víctima de la carretera = road kill [roadkill].
    * aprovechamiento de los restos de animales = animal rendering.
    * centro de acogida de animales = animal shelter.
    * colección de animales = menagerie.
    * comer como un animal = eat like + an animal.
    * comida para animales = animal feed.
    * cría de animales = animal husbandry.
    * cría intensiva de animales = factory farming.
    * cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.
    * cuidado de animales = animal care.
    * cuidado de animales domésticos = pet care.
    * cuidador de animales de parque zoológico = zookeeper.
    * defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.
    * defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.
    * derechos de los animales = animal rights.
    * especie animal = animal species.
    * experimentación con animales = animal experimentation.
    * experimentos con animales = animal experimentation.
    * gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.
    * grasa animal = animal fat.
    * instinto animal = animal instinct.
    * llamada de animal en celo = rutting call.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.
    * novela de animales = animal story.
    * pecera para animales anfibios = amphibian tank.
    * piel de animal = pelt.
    * producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.
    * refugio de animales = wildlife centre.
    * refugio para animales = animal sanctuary.
    * reino animal, el = animal kingdom, the.
    * reserva de animales = wildlife preserve, game reserve.
    * reutilización de los restos de animales = animal rendering.
    * sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.
    * tienda de animales = pet shop.
    * vida animal = animal life.
    * * *
    I
    1) < instinto> animal (before n)
    2)
    a) (fam) ( estúpido) stupid
    b) ( grosero) rude, uncouth
    II
    1)
    a) (Zool) animal
    2) animal masculino y femenino (fam) ( persona violenta) brute, animal; ( grosero) lout
    * * *
    = animal, brute.

    Ex: Common names are, for example, names of animals, tools, diseases, and chemicals.

    Ex: It is often held that brute animals cannot have legal rights.
    * amante de los animales = animal lover.
    * animal acuático = water animal, aquatic animal.
    * animal anfibio = amphibian.
    * animal carnívoro = carnivorous animal.
    * animal carroñero = scavenger.
    * animal ciliado = ciliate.
    * animal dañino = pest.
    * animal de carga = pack animal.
    * animal de corral = farmyard animal.
    * animal de costumbres = creature of habit.
    * animal de granja = farm animal, farmyard animal.
    * animal de presa = prey animal.
    * animal disecado = stuffed animal.
    * animal doméstico = pet, domestic animal.
    * animales de caza = game.
    * animal herbívoro = herbivorous animal.
    * animal joven = kit.
    * animal marino = marine animal.
    * animal que ataca al hombre = man-eater.
    * animal que se alimenta filtrando plancton = filter feeder.
    * animal salvaje = wild animal.
    * animal terrestre = land animal.
    * animal vertebrado = vertebrate animal.
    * animal víctima de la carretera = road kill [roadkill].
    * aprovechamiento de los restos de animales = animal rendering.
    * centro de acogida de animales = animal shelter.
    * colección de animales = menagerie.
    * comer como un animal = eat like + an animal.
    * comida para animales = animal feed.
    * cría de animales = animal husbandry.
    * cría intensiva de animales = factory farming.
    * cuerpo de animal muerto = carcass.
    * cuidado de animales = animal care.
    * cuidado de animales domésticos = pet care.
    * cuidador de animales de parque zoológico = zookeeper.
    * defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights campaigner.
    * defensor de los derechos de los animales = animal rights activist.
    * derechos de los animales = animal rights.
    * especie animal = animal species.
    * experimentación con animales = animal experimentation.
    * experimentos con animales = animal experimentation.
    * gran extensión de tierra dedicada a la cría de animales de pasto = rangeland.
    * grasa animal = animal fat.
    * instinto animal = animal instinct.
    * llamada de animal en celo = rutting call.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.
    * novela de animales = animal story.
    * pecera para animales anfibios = amphibian tank.
    * piel de animal = pelt.
    * producto derivado de la grasa animal = fat product.
    * refugio de animales = wildlife centre.
    * refugio para animales = animal sanctuary.
    * reino animal, el = animal kingdom, the.
    * reserva de animales = wildlife preserve, game reserve.
    * reutilización de los restos de animales = animal rendering.
    * sociedad protectora de animales = RSPCA (Royal Society for the Protection of Cruelty to Animals), animal protection society.
    * tienda de animales = pet shop.
    * vida animal = animal life.

    * * *
    A ‹instinto› animal ( before n)
    B
    1 ( fam) (estúpido) stupid
    ¡no seas animal, vamos a chocar! don't be so stupid o reckless, we'll crash!
    2 (grosero) rude, uncouth
    A
    1 ( Zool) animal
    comer como un animal ( fam); to eat like a horse ( colloq)
    ser un animal de bellota(s) ( fam); to be as thick as two short planks ( colloq)
    2
    (persona con cierta característica): no soy un animal político I'm not a political animal
    es un animal de costumbres he's a creature of habit
    Compuestos:
    (de granja) domestic animal; (mascota) pet
    wild animal
    B
    1 (persona violenta) brute, animal
    2 (grosero) lout
    * * *

    animal adjetivo
    1 ‹ instinto› animal ( before n)
    2 (fam)


    ■ sustantivo masculino
    a) (Zool) animal;



    ( mascota) pet
    b) (fam) ( persona — violenta) brute, animal;

    (— grosera) lout
    animal
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 animal
    2 fig (persona bruta, fuerte) brute
    (necio) dunce
    II adjetivo animal
    ' animal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abandonar
    - abrir
    - acariciar
    - arisca
    - arisco
    - babear
    - bellota
    - bestia
    - bicha
    - bicho
    - brazo
    - buey
    - bufar
    - caballería
    - cadáver
    - callejera
    - callejero
    - calostro
    - caricia
    - cebar
    - cerda
    - cerdo
    - cola
    - congénere
    - consigo
    - cordera
    - cordero
    - cría
    - cruce
    - cruzar
    - cruzada
    - cruzado
    - cualquiera
    - cuarta
    - cuarto
    - degollar
    - despiece
    - deyección
    - disecar
    - diurna
    - diurno
    - domesticar
    - dopar
    - ejemplar
    - él
    - ella
    - enjaular
    - entrañas
    - fiera
    - fiero
    English:
    animal
    - antenna
    - baby
    - back
    - bellow
    - belly
    - bite
    - breed
    - brute
    - bugger
    - care for
    - coat
    - creep
    - cub
    - den
    - destroy
    - dig
    - domestic
    - domesticated
    - fierce
    - finish off
    - flamingo
    - flesh
    - forerunner
    - fur
    - furry
    - good-natured
    - habit
    - hardy
    - hide
    - host
    - house-train
    - instinct
    - kick
    - kill
    - lap
    - lap up
    - lead
    - lean
    - leg
    - magnetism
    - master
    - maul
    - milk
    - mistress
    - neck
    - neglect
    - nocturnal
    - nurture
    - pack-animal
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    1. [instintos, funciones] animal;
    el reino animal the animal kingdom
    2. [persona] [basto] rough
    3. [persona] [ignorante] ignorant
    ♦ nm
    animal;
    como un animal: sudaba como un animal he was sweating like a pig;
    trabajamos como animales para acabar a tiempo we worked like slaves to get it finished on time
    animal de bellota [cerdo] pig; Fam [insulto] ignoramus;
    animal de carga beast of burden;
    animal doméstico [de granja] farm animal;
    [de compañía] pet;
    animales de granja farm animals;
    animal de laboratorio laboratory animal;
    animal político political animal;
    animal protegido protected species;
    animal racional rational being;
    animal de tiro draught animal;
    animal transgénico transgenic animal
    ♦ nmf
    1. [persona basta] animal, brute
    2. [persona ignorante] (ignorant) brute
    * * *
    I adj
    1 animal atr ;
    reino animal animal kingdom
    2 fig
    stupid
    II m tb fig
    animal
    * * *
    animal adj
    1) : animal
    2) estúpido: stupid, idiotic
    3) : rough, brutish
    animal nm
    : animal
    animal nmf
    1) idiota: idiot, fool
    2) : brute, beastly person
    * * *
    animal adj n animal

    Spanish-English dictionary > animal

  • 31 asamblea

    f.
    1 meeting.
    asamblea general general meeting
    asamblea general anual annual general meeting
    asamblea plenaria plenary assembly
    2 assembly, convention, audience, gathering.
    3 Assembly House, comitia.
    4 shareholders.
    5 shareholders' meeting.
    * * *
    1 assembly, meeting
    \
    asamblea general general meeting
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=reunión) meeting; [de trabajadores] mass meeting

    llamar a asamblea — (Mil) ( Hist) to assemble, muster

    2) (=congreso) congress, assembly
    * * *
    a) ( reunión) meeting
    b) ( cuerpo) assembly
    * * *
    = assembly, caucus [caucuses, pl.], convention, meeting, pow-wow, convening.
    Ex. If you make an entry for that, would you make it ISRAELI PARLIAMENT, ISRAELI GENERAL assembly, ISRAELI CONGRESS, or whatever?.
    Ex. For example, the most recent meeting of that group endorsed the recommendation of the Black Caucus that we change BLACKS and NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS.
    Ex. This article describes the 3 largest international book fairs: in Frankfurt, the children's book fair in Bologna, and the American Booksellers Association annual convention which has a different venue every year.
    Ex. This was initiated formally by the calling of the first meeting of the Network Advisory Committee in 1976.
    Ex. Patterson has called a big pow-wow for this afternoon.
    Ex. Convenings are one day events that focus on a specific substantive issue.
    ----
    * asamblea escolar = high school assembly.
    * asamblea general = general assembly.
    * asamblea legislativa = legislature.
    * asamblea para darse ánimo = pep rally.
    * asamblea plenaria = plenary session.
    * asamblea pública = public meeting.
    * * *
    a) ( reunión) meeting
    b) ( cuerpo) assembly
    * * *
    = assembly, caucus [caucuses, pl.], convention, meeting, pow-wow, convening.

    Ex: If you make an entry for that, would you make it ISRAELI PARLIAMENT, ISRAELI GENERAL assembly, ISRAELI CONGRESS, or whatever?.

    Ex: For example, the most recent meeting of that group endorsed the recommendation of the Black Caucus that we change BLACKS and NEGROES to AFRO-AMERICANS.
    Ex: This article describes the 3 largest international book fairs: in Frankfurt, the children's book fair in Bologna, and the American Booksellers Association annual convention which has a different venue every year.
    Ex: This was initiated formally by the calling of the first meeting of the Network Advisory Committee in 1976.
    Ex: Patterson has called a big pow-wow for this afternoon.
    Ex: Convenings are one day events that focus on a specific substantive issue.
    * asamblea escolar = high school assembly.
    * asamblea general = general assembly.
    * asamblea legislativa = legislature.
    * asamblea para darse ánimo = pep rally.
    * asamblea plenaria = plenary session.
    * asamblea pública = public meeting.

    * * *
    1 (reunión) meeting
    celebrar una asamblea to hold a meeting
    los trabajadores se reunieron en asamblea the workers held a (mass) meeting
    la asamblea carecía de autorización the meeting o ( frml) assembly had not been authorized
    2 (cuerpo) assembly
    el comité de huelga se ha constituido en asamblea permanente the strike committee is meeting in permanent session
    Compuestos:
    stockholders' o shareholders' meeting
    (en Ur): la Asamblea General Parliament, the National Assembly
    legislative assembly
    la Asamblea Nacional Parliament, the National Assembly
    * * *

    asamblea sustantivo femenino


    asamblea sustantivo femenino meeting
    asamblea de trabajadores de banca, meeting of bank workers
    ' asamblea' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    sesión
    - anual
    - congreso
    - convocar
    - palabra
    - parlamento
    English:
    AGM
    - assembly
    - general assembly
    - legislature
    - muster
    * * *
    1. [reunión] meeting;
    una asamblea de vecinos a meeting of local residents;
    los trabajadores, reunidos en asamblea, votaron a favor de la huelga the workers voted for strike action at a mass meeting;
    convocar una asamblea to call a meeting
    asamblea de accionistas shareholders' meeting;
    asamblea general anual annual general meeting;
    asamblea plenaria plenary assembly
    2. [cuerpo político] assembly
    asamblea constituyente constituent assembly;
    Asamblea General [de la ONU] General Assembly;
    asamblea nacional parliament
    * * *
    f
    1 reunión meeting
    2 ente assembly
    * * *
    : assembly, meeting
    * * *
    1. (de parlamento) assembly [pl. assemblies]
    2. (reunión) meeting

    Spanish-English dictionary > asamblea

  • 32 asistido

    adj.
    1 assisted.
    2 power-assisted.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: asistir.
    * * *
    1→ link=asistir asistir
    1 assisted
    \
    asistido,-a por ordenador computer-assisted
    * * *
    asistido, -a
    1.
    ADJ
    2.
    SM / F And, Méx boarder, lodger, resident
    * * *
    - da adjetivo assisted
    * * *
    = assisted, facilitated.
    Ex. For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- assisted TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.
    Ex. The author reports on the key findings from a series of facilitated meetings held to gather information from those working in and with libraries of all types in Illinois.
    ----
    * aprendizaje asistido por ordenador (CAL) = computer-assisted learning (CAL).
    * asistido por el ordenador = machine-negotiated.
    * asistido por láser = laser-assisted.
    * asistido por operador = operator-assisted.
    * asistido por ordenador = computer-mediated, computer-supported, computer-assisted, computer-aided.
    * dirección asistida = power steering, power-assisted steering.
    * enseñanza asistida por ordenador (CAI) = computer-assisted instruction (CAI).
    * MARS (Servicio de Referencia Asistido por Ordenador) = MARS (Machine Assisted Reference Service).
    * muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.
    * reproducción asistida = assisted reproduction.
    * suicidio asistido = assisted suicide.
    * * *
    - da adjetivo assisted
    * * *
    = assisted, facilitated.

    Ex: For example, with such a system a change of the heading AEROPLANES -- assisted TAKE-OFF in figure 7 would without further effort be reflected in the six associated cross-reference records.

    Ex: The author reports on the key findings from a series of facilitated meetings held to gather information from those working in and with libraries of all types in Illinois.
    * aprendizaje asistido por ordenador (CAL) = computer-assisted learning (CAL).
    * asistido por el ordenador = machine-negotiated.
    * asistido por láser = laser-assisted.
    * asistido por operador = operator-assisted.
    * asistido por ordenador = computer-mediated, computer-supported, computer-assisted, computer-aided.
    * dirección asistida = power steering, power-assisted steering.
    * enseñanza asistida por ordenador (CAI) = computer-assisted instruction (CAI).
    * MARS (Servicio de Referencia Asistido por Ordenador) = MARS (Machine Assisted Reference Service).
    * muerte asistida = assisted death, assisted dying.
    * reproducción asistida = assisted reproduction.
    * suicidio asistido = assisted suicide.

    * * *
    assisted dirección, freno
    * * *

    Del verbo asistir: ( conjugate asistir)

    asistido es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    asistido    
    asistir
    asistido
    ◊ -da adjetivo

    assisted
    asistir ( conjugate asistir) verbo intransitivo ( estar presente) asistido a algo ‹a reunión/acto/clases› to attend sth;
    asistió a una sola clase he only came/went to one class;
    asistido a misa to go to o attend Mass
    verbo transitivo (frml) ( ayudar): en el consulado lo asistidoán you will receive assistance at the consulate (frml);
    asistido a los pobres to care for the poor
    asistir
    I verbo transitivo to assist, help
    Med to attend
    III verbo intransitivo to attend [a, -]

    ' asistido' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    ordenador
    English:
    CAD
    - computer-assisted
    - conversational
    * * *
    asistido, -a adj
    [respiración, reproducción] assisted; [fecundación] artificial

    Spanish-English dictionary > asistido

  • 33 caldo de cultivo

    BIOLOGÍA culture medium 2 figurado breeding ground
    * * *
    (Biol) culture medium; ( ambiente propicio) breeding ground
    * * *
    (n.) = hotbed, breeding ground, petri dish
    Ex. One of the most common misconceptions and criticisms held by the general public concerning universities is that they are hotbeds of radicalism, alcoholism, and sexism.
    Ex. This serves as an example of the Web acting as a breeding ground for a printed reference annual.
    Ex. Web sites such as the popular Psychobike.com are the cyberspace petri dishes that incubate grudge matches.
    * * *
    (Biol) culture medium; ( ambiente propicio) breeding ground
    * * *
    (n.) = hotbed, breeding ground, petri dish

    Ex: One of the most common misconceptions and criticisms held by the general public concerning universities is that they are hotbeds of radicalism, alcoholism, and sexism.

    Ex: This serves as an example of the Web acting as a breeding ground for a printed reference annual.
    Ex: Web sites such as the popular Psychobike.com are the cyberspace petri dishes that incubate grudge matches.

    * * *
    fig
    breeding ground

    Spanish-English dictionary > caldo de cultivo

  • 34 clasificación

    f.
    1 classification, bracket, sorting, categorization.
    2 classified results.
    3 league table, placing in league rank, placing.
    4 classification, break-down, grading.
    * * *
    1 (gen) classification
    2 (distribución) sorting, filing
    3 DEPORTE league, table
    4 (de discos) top twenty, hit parade
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=categorización) classification
    2) (=ordenación) [de documentos] classification; (Inform, Correos) sorting
    3) (Náut) rating
    4) [en torneo] qualification
    5) (=lista) table, league
    * * *
    1) (de documentos, libros) classification; ( de cartas) sorting
    2) ( de película -acción) classification; (- certificado)

    ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? — what certificate has it got?

    3) (de elemento, animal, planta) classification
    4) (Dep)
    a) ( para una etapa posterior) qualification
    b) ( tabla) placings (pl); ( puesto) position, place
    * * *
    = classification, map, mapping, ranking, sorting, subject cataloguing, rank order, league table, sift, scoreboard, scorecard, grading, leader board.
    Ex. Classification, then, is the grouping of like objects.
    Ex. A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex. Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex. Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.
    Ex. Storage medium and associated equipment (for example, sorting and punching devices, cards, magnetic tape) tends to be cheaper than the term record index equivalent.
    Ex. This facility enables descriptive and subject cataloguing to be done by two different people.
    Ex. This is an interesting reversal of the rank order of countries for both stock held and expenditure per head of population.
    Ex. In addition to producing these 'league tables' of microcomputer applications, Burton also indicated the applications software that libraries were using.
    Ex. The method of work agreed was that the chairperson would make a first sift of proposals and divide them into two groups.
    Ex. Evaluation the research is through 4 strategies: a simple scoreboard; scoreboard plus other details such as references; scoreboard with the minimal critera of, e.g., sample size and statistical procedures used; examination of actual material.
    Ex. After a year's rapid development of portals by major search engines, adding such things as scorecards, news headlines or links to other services, search engine developers are now turning to personalization as a way of holding their users.
    Ex. It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.
    Ex. Since its launch, the project has been plagued by a small number of people cheating to elevate their ranking in the leader boards.
    ----
    * clasificación abreviada = abridged classification.
    * clasificación analítico-sintética = analytico-synthetic classification.
    * clasificación automática = automatic classification.
    * clasificación bibliográfica = bibliographic classification, library classification.
    * Clasificación Bibliográfica (BC) = Bibliographic Classification (BC).
    * clasificación cruzada = cross-classification.
    * Clasificación Decimal de Dewey (DDC o DC) = Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC o DC).
    * Clasificación Decimal, la = Decimal Classification, the.
    * Clasificación Decimal Universal (CDU) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * clasificación de Dewey, la = Dewey scheme, the.
    * clasificación de la literatura narrativa = fiction classification.
    * clasificación del correo = mail sorting.
    * clasificación del suelo = zoning.
    * Clasificación de Ranganathan = Colon Classification (CC), Colon Classification Scheme.
    * clasificación enumerativa = enumerative classification.
    * clasificación específica = close classification, specific classification.
    * clasificación facetada = faceted classification.
    * clasificación general = broad classification, broad classification.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clasificación monojerárquica = monohierarchical classification.
    * clasificación por antigüedad = seniority ranking.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificación por pertinencia = relevance ranking.
    * clasificación unidimensional = monodimensional classification.
    * de clasificación = classificatory indicator, classificatory.
    * dispositivo de clasificación = sorting device.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * indicador de clasificación = classificatory indicator.
    * LCCN (Notación de la Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCCN (Library of Congress Classification Number).
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * paquete de clasificación = sort package.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * tabla de clasificación = classification schedule.
    * * *
    1) (de documentos, libros) classification; ( de cartas) sorting
    2) ( de película -acción) classification; (- certificado)

    ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? — what certificate has it got?

    3) (de elemento, animal, planta) classification
    4) (Dep)
    a) ( para una etapa posterior) qualification
    b) ( tabla) placings (pl); ( puesto) position, place
    * * *
    = classification, map, mapping, ranking, sorting, subject cataloguing, rank order, league table, sift, scoreboard, scorecard, grading, leader board.

    Ex: Classification, then, is the grouping of like objects.

    Ex: A detailed study of a co-citation map, its core documents' citation patterns and the related journal structures, is presented.
    Ex: Recently, proponents of co-citation cluster analysis have claimed that in principle their methodology makes possible the mapping of science using the data in the Science Citation Index.
    Ex: Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.
    Ex: Storage medium and associated equipment (for example, sorting and punching devices, cards, magnetic tape) tends to be cheaper than the term record index equivalent.
    Ex: This facility enables descriptive and subject cataloguing to be done by two different people.
    Ex: This is an interesting reversal of the rank order of countries for both stock held and expenditure per head of population.
    Ex: In addition to producing these 'league tables' of microcomputer applications, Burton also indicated the applications software that libraries were using.
    Ex: The method of work agreed was that the chairperson would make a first sift of proposals and divide them into two groups.
    Ex: Evaluation the research is through 4 strategies: a simple scoreboard; scoreboard plus other details such as references; scoreboard with the minimal critera of, e.g., sample size and statistical procedures used; examination of actual material.
    Ex: After a year's rapid development of portals by major search engines, adding such things as scorecards, news headlines or links to other services, search engine developers are now turning to personalization as a way of holding their users.
    Ex: It is interesting that, in this case, socio-economic grading was a better social discriminator than was terminal educational age.
    Ex: Since its launch, the project has been plagued by a small number of people cheating to elevate their ranking in the leader boards.
    * clasificación abreviada = abridged classification.
    * clasificación analítico-sintética = analytico-synthetic classification.
    * clasificación automática = automatic classification.
    * clasificación bibliográfica = bibliographic classification, library classification.
    * Clasificación Bibliográfica (BC) = Bibliographic Classification (BC).
    * clasificación cruzada = cross-classification.
    * Clasificación Decimal de Dewey (DDC o DC) = Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC o DC).
    * Clasificación Decimal, la = Decimal Classification, the.
    * Clasificación Decimal Universal (CDU) = UDC (Universal Decimal Classification).
    * clasificación de Dewey, la = Dewey scheme, the.
    * clasificación de la literatura narrativa = fiction classification.
    * clasificación del correo = mail sorting.
    * clasificación del suelo = zoning.
    * Clasificación de Ranganathan = Colon Classification (CC), Colon Classification Scheme.
    * clasificación enumerativa = enumerative classification.
    * clasificación específica = close classification, specific classification.
    * clasificación facetada = faceted classification.
    * clasificación general = broad classification, broad classification.
    * Clasificación Industrial General de las Actividades Económicas (NACE) = General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities (NACE).
    * clasificación monojerárquica = monohierarchical classification.
    * clasificación por antigüedad = seniority ranking.
    * clasificación por materia = subject classification.
    * clasificación por pertinencia = relevance ranking.
    * clasificación unidimensional = monodimensional classification.
    * de clasificación = classificatory indicator, classificatory.
    * dispositivo de clasificación = sorting device.
    * Grupo de Investigación sobre la Clasificación (CRG) = Classification Research Group (CRG).
    * indicador de clasificación = classificatory indicator.
    * LCCN (Notación de la Clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso) = LCCN (Library of Congress Classification Number).
    * número de clasificación = class mark [classmark], class number, classification number, rank number.
    * ocupar un lugar en una clasificación = rank.
    * paquete de clasificación = sort package.
    * sistema de clasificación = classification scheme, scheme, classification system, classification schedules, grading system.
    * sistema de clasificación analítico = analytical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de Bliss = Bliss classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación decimal = decimal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación de la Biblioteca del Congreso = LCC (Library of Congress Classification).
    * sistema de clasificación dicotomizado = dichotomized classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enciclopédica = general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación enumerativo = enumerative classification scheme, enumerative scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación especializado = special classification scheme, special scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación facetado = faceted classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación general = general scheme, general classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación jerárquico = hierarchical classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación lineal = linear classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación multidimensional = multidimensional classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación por disciplinas = discipline-oriented scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación sintético = synthetic classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación universal = universal classification scheme.
    * sistema de clasificación verbal = verbal classification system.
    * tabla de clasificación = classification schedule.

    * * *
    A (de documentos, libros) classification; (de cartas) sorting
    el ordenador que hace la clasificación del correo the computer that sorts the mail
    B (de una película — acción) classification
    (— certificado): ¿qué clasificación (moral) tiene? what certificate has it got?
    C (de un elemento, una planta) classification
    D ( Dep)
    peligra nuestra clasificación para la final we are in danger of not making o of not qualifying for the final
    esta victoria le supone la clasificación para la fase final this victory means that he will go through to o has qualified for the finals
    2 (tabla) placings (pl); (puesto) position, place
    quinto en la clasificación final del rally fifth in the final placings for the rally
    * * *

    clasificación sustantivo femenino
    1 (de documentos, animales, plantas) classification;
    ( de cartas) sorting
    2 ( de película) certificate
    3


    b) ( tabla) placings (pl);

    ( puesto) position, place;

    clasificación sustantivo femenino
    1 classification
    2 Dep (lista) table: es el tercero en la clasificación mundial, he's ranked third in the world
    (acción) qualification: la atleta española no ha conseguido su clasificación, the Spanish athlete has not qualified
    ' clasificación' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    encabezar
    - escala
    - juvenil
    - cabeza
    - descender
    - escalar
    - fase
    - frente
    - ocupar
    - prueba
    - puesto
    English:
    classification
    - filing
    - rating
    - table
    - preliminary
    - qualification
    * * *
    1. [ordenación] classification
    Econ clasificación de solvencia credit rating
    2. [de animal, planta] classification
    3. [de película] classification
    4. Dep [lista] [en liga] (league) Br table o US standings;
    [en carrera, torneo] classification;
    encabezar la clasificación [en liga] to be at the top of the league;
    [en carrera, torneo] to lead the classification clasificación combinada combined event;
    clasificación por equipos team classification;
    clasificación general (general) classification;
    clasificación de la regularidad points classification
    5. Dep [para competición] qualification;
    no consiguieron lograr la clasificación para las semifinales they didn't manage to qualify for the semifinals
    * * *
    f
    1 DEP en competición qualification
    2 de liga league table
    3
    :
    * * *
    1) : classification, sorting out
    2) : rating
    3) calificación: qualification (in competitions)
    * * *
    1. (en general) classification
    2. (en deporte acción) qualifying
    ¿quién es el líder de la clasificación de primera? who is top of the first division?

    Spanish-English dictionary > clasificación

  • 35 coartar

    v.
    1 to limit, to restrict.
    2 to coarct.
    * * *
    1 to limit, restrict
    * * *
    VT to limit, restrict
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < persona> to inhibit; <libertad/voluntad> to restrict
    * * *
    = anchor, restrict, tie down, cripple, frustrate, dam (up), shackle, box in, hamstring, fetter, hem + Nombre + in, chill, cramp.
    Ex. One can now picture a future investigator in his laboratory, his hands are free, he is not anchored.
    Ex. This is an example of a classification which is restricted to a specific physical form, as it is used to classify maps and atlases.
    Ex. There are many able people still tied down with the routine 'running' of their libraries.
    Ex. The objection to it seems to be that by reading rubbish children cripple their own imaginative, linguistic or moral powers.
    Ex. The psychologist Abraham H Maslow has warned of 'true psychopathological effects when the cognitive needs are frustrated'.
    Ex. But to prevent any meandering at all, or to dam the flow of talk too soon and too often by intruding, generally only frustrates spontaneity = Aunque evitar cualquier divagación o cortar el flujo de la conversación demasiado pronto y con demasiada frecuencia con interrupciones generalmente sólo coarta la espontaneidad.
    Ex. Tom Sutherland, a professor at the American University of Beirut, was kidnapped in 1985 and held prisoner for six and a half years, for much of the time shackled to his prisoner Terry Anderson.
    Ex. What is important is that agencies face few barriers to disseminating information on the Web quickly rather than being boxed in by standardization requirements = Lo que es importante es que las agencias se encuentran pocas trabas para diseminar información en la web de una forma rápida más que verse restringidas por cuestiones de normalización.
    Ex. Instead, the proposed regulations would hamstring public access.
    Ex. Faculty tenure is designed to allow the scholar to proceed with his investigation without being fettered with concerns arising from loss of job and salary.
    Ex. The world of work is no longer constrained by the four physical dimensions of space and time that have hemmed us in for most of recorded history.
    Ex. This would chill the freedom of inquiry that is central to the academic process and that is, moreover, privileged by the First Amendment.
    Ex. They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    ----
    * coartar el avance de Algo = hinder + progress.
    * coartar el progreso de Algo = hinder + progress.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo < persona> to inhibit; <libertad/voluntad> to restrict
    * * *
    = anchor, restrict, tie down, cripple, frustrate, dam (up), shackle, box in, hamstring, fetter, hem + Nombre + in, chill, cramp.

    Ex: One can now picture a future investigator in his laboratory, his hands are free, he is not anchored.

    Ex: This is an example of a classification which is restricted to a specific physical form, as it is used to classify maps and atlases.
    Ex: There are many able people still tied down with the routine 'running' of their libraries.
    Ex: The objection to it seems to be that by reading rubbish children cripple their own imaginative, linguistic or moral powers.
    Ex: The psychologist Abraham H Maslow has warned of 'true psychopathological effects when the cognitive needs are frustrated'.
    Ex: But to prevent any meandering at all, or to dam the flow of talk too soon and too often by intruding, generally only frustrates spontaneity = Aunque evitar cualquier divagación o cortar el flujo de la conversación demasiado pronto y con demasiada frecuencia con interrupciones generalmente sólo coarta la espontaneidad.
    Ex: Tom Sutherland, a professor at the American University of Beirut, was kidnapped in 1985 and held prisoner for six and a half years, for much of the time shackled to his prisoner Terry Anderson.
    Ex: What is important is that agencies face few barriers to disseminating information on the Web quickly rather than being boxed in by standardization requirements = Lo que es importante es que las agencias se encuentran pocas trabas para diseminar información en la web de una forma rápida más que verse restringidas por cuestiones de normalización.
    Ex: Instead, the proposed regulations would hamstring public access.
    Ex: Faculty tenure is designed to allow the scholar to proceed with his investigation without being fettered with concerns arising from loss of job and salary.
    Ex: The world of work is no longer constrained by the four physical dimensions of space and time that have hemmed us in for most of recorded history.
    Ex: This would chill the freedom of inquiry that is central to the academic process and that is, moreover, privileged by the First Amendment.
    Ex: They used schools as a buttress of a caste system designed to subordinate blacks socially, to cramp them economically under a rigid job ceiling.
    * coartar el avance de Algo = hinder + progress.
    * coartar el progreso de Algo = hinder + progress.

    * * *
    coartar [A1 ]
    vt
    1 ‹persona› to inhibit
    su presencia lo coartaba he found her presence inhibiting, her presence inhibited him
    2 ‹libertad/voluntad› to restrict
    * * *

    coartar ( conjugate coartar) verbo transitivo ‹ persona› to inhibit;
    ‹libertad/voluntad› to restrict
    coartar verbo transitivo to restrict
    ' coartar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    constrict
    * * *
    to limit, to restrict
    * * *
    v/t restrict
    * * *
    : to restrict, to limit

    Spanish-English dictionary > coartar

  • 36 comienzo

    m.
    start, beginning, kickoff.
    a comienzos del siglo XX at the beginning of the twentieth century
    dar comienzo (a algo) to start (something), to begin (something)
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: comenzar.
    * * *
    1 start, beginning
    \
    a comienzos de at the beginning of
    dar comienzo to begin, start
    estar en sus comienzos to be in its early stages
    * * *
    noun m.
    start, beginning
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=principio) [de película, historia, partido] beginning, start; [de proyecto, plan] beginning; [de enfermedad] onset

    al comienzo: al comienzo no entendía nada — at first I didn't understand anything

    al comienzo de la primavera — in early Spring, at the start of Spring

    los comienzos: en los comienzos de este siglo — at the beginning of this century

    en los comienzos del proceso democrático — in the early o initial stages of the democratic process

    una etapa muy difícil en sus comienzos — a very difficult stage, initially

    2)

    dar comienzo — [acto, curso] to start, begin, commence frm

    la ceremonia dio comienzo a las cinco de la tarde — the ceremony started o began o frm commenced at five o'clock

    3)

    dar comienzo a — [+ acto, ceremonia] to begin, start; [+ carrera] to start; [+ etapa] to mark the beginning of

    * * *
    masculino beginning

    al comienzo — at first, in the beginning

    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos — initially, the process was very slow

    dar comienzo a algo — persona to begin something; ceremonia/acto to mark the beginning of something

    * * *
    = beginning, inception, starting, commencement, onset, start, initiation, dawning, input stage, kick-off, eruption, startup [start-up], start time, opening.
    Ex. In addition, synthesis often requires the use of a facet indicator, which marks the beginning of a new facet for example.
    Ex. Automated cataloging support systems, with any pretense to sophistication, did not begin to appear until the inception of the LC/MARC II (Library of Congress/Machine-Readable Cataloging) project in late 1967.
    Ex. The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.
    Ex. The development of the course since its commencement is reviewed, and the reasons for changes in the course structure are discussed.
    Ex. In the 1980s came the onset of the 'new' immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.
    Ex. Olle is right, however, in implying that after a slow start interest in, and writing about, official publishing in Britain has increased dramatically in recent years.
    Ex. The increase in emphasis on regional cooperation has resulted in the initiation of many regional projects.
    Ex. The Internet heralds the dawning of a new information age = Internet premoniza el amanecer de una nueva era de la información.
    Ex. To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.
    Ex. The cooperative venture 'StoryLines America' joins libraries and public radio in smash kick-off.
    Ex. Information on the news items relevant to 'mad cow disease' was collected for a period of 100 days starting very close to the eruption of the crisis.
    Ex. This article presents some practical tips to help users of DIALOG's DIALOGLINK including buffer size, screen speed-up, startup short cuts, type-ahead buffer and use of DIALOGLING with other services.
    Ex. Reservations are held for 20 minutes after the slated event start time.
    Ex. Some of the common auxiliaries are allocated notations in which the facet indicators possess both an opening and a closure sign.
    ----
    * abocado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * al comienzo = early on, at the outset, to start with, at startup.
    * al comienzo de = at the start (of), in the early days (of), at the outbreak of, at the onset of, early in.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * comienzo de la menstruación = menarche.
    * comienzo difícil = bumpy start.
    * comienzo fallido = false start.
    * comienzos = early days.
    * comienzo tardío = late start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * en los comienzos de = at the birth of.
    * en + Posesivo + comienzos = in + Posesivo + early days, in + Posesivo + early years.
    * en sus comienzos = budding.
    * fecha de comienzo = starting date, beginning date, date of commencement.
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * indicador de comienzo de subcampo = delimiter sign.
    * los comienzos de = the dawn of.
    * marcar el comienzo = usher in.
    * nuevo comienzo = new beginning, clean slate, new leaf.
    * posición de comienzo = offset value.
    * predestinado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed to + failure from its inception, doomed to + failure.
    * tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.
    * tener un comienzo tardío
    * un nuevo comienzo = a fresh start.
    * * *
    masculino beginning

    al comienzo — at first, in the beginning

    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos — initially, the process was very slow

    dar comienzo a algo — persona to begin something; ceremonia/acto to mark the beginning of something

    * * *
    = beginning, inception, starting, commencement, onset, start, initiation, dawning, input stage, kick-off, eruption, startup [start-up], start time, opening.

    Ex: In addition, synthesis often requires the use of a facet indicator, which marks the beginning of a new facet for example.

    Ex: Automated cataloging support systems, with any pretense to sophistication, did not begin to appear until the inception of the LC/MARC II (Library of Congress/Machine-Readable Cataloging) project in late 1967.
    Ex: The information seeking patterns of a variety of academic social scientists were broken down into 6 characteristics: starting; chaining; browsing; differentiating; monitoring; and extracting.
    Ex: The development of the course since its commencement is reviewed, and the reasons for changes in the course structure are discussed.
    Ex: In the 1980s came the onset of the 'new' immigration from Eastern and Southern Europe.
    Ex: Olle is right, however, in implying that after a slow start interest in, and writing about, official publishing in Britain has increased dramatically in recent years.
    Ex: The increase in emphasis on regional cooperation has resulted in the initiation of many regional projects.
    Ex: The Internet heralds the dawning of a new information age = Internet premoniza el amanecer de una nueva era de la información.
    Ex: To rephrase this in terms already used, they involve effort at the input stage in order to reduce effort at the output stage = Expresando esto con términos ya usados, suponen un esfuerzo en la etapa inicial con objeto de reducir el esfuerzo en la etapa final.
    Ex: The cooperative venture 'StoryLines America' joins libraries and public radio in smash kick-off.
    Ex: Information on the news items relevant to 'mad cow disease' was collected for a period of 100 days starting very close to the eruption of the crisis.
    Ex: This article presents some practical tips to help users of DIALOG's DIALOGLINK including buffer size, screen speed-up, startup short cuts, type-ahead buffer and use of DIALOGLING with other services.
    Ex: Reservations are held for 20 minutes after the slated event start time.
    Ex: Some of the common auxiliaries are allocated notations in which the facet indicators possess both an opening and a closure sign.
    * abocado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * a comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = early + Expresión Temporal, the.
    * a comienzos de + Fecha = in the early + Fecha, in the early part of + Fecha.
    * a comienzos de + Período de Tiempo = by the turn of + Período de Tiempo, at the turn of + Período de Tiempo.
    * al comienzo = early on, at the outset, to start with, at startup.
    * al comienzo de = at the start (of), in the early days (of), at the outbreak of, at the onset of, early in.
    * comienzo de la guerra = outbreak of the war, breakout of + the war.
    * comienzo de la menstruación = menarche.
    * comienzo difícil = bumpy start.
    * comienzo fallido = false start.
    * comienzos = early days.
    * comienzo tardío = late start.
    * condenado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed from + the beginning, doomed from + the outset, doomed from + the start.
    * dar comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * dar un comienzo a = give + a start to.
    * de comienzos de + Expresión Temporal = earliest + Expresión Temporal.
    * desde el comienzo = from the outset, from the start, from the beginning, ab initio, from the word go, from the word get-go.
    * desde el comienzo de los tiempos = since the beginning of time, from the beginning of time, since time began.
    * desde los comienzos = from an early stage.
    * desde sus comienzos = from + its/their + inception, from + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + beginnings, since + its/their + inception.
    * en los comienzos de = at the birth of.
    * en + Posesivo + comienzos = in + Posesivo + early days, in + Posesivo + early years.
    * en sus comienzos = budding.
    * fecha de comienzo = starting date, beginning date, date of commencement.
    * hora de comienzo = starting time, start time.
    * indicador de comienzo de subcampo = delimiter sign.
    * los comienzos de = the dawn of.
    * marcar el comienzo = usher in.
    * nuevo comienzo = new beginning, clean slate, new leaf.
    * posición de comienzo = offset value.
    * predestinado al fracaso desde el comienzo = doomed to + failure from its inception, doomed to + failure.
    * tener programado su comienzo = be scheduled to start.
    * tener un comienzo tardío
    * un nuevo comienzo = a fresh start.

    * * *
    beginning
    al comienzo at first, in the beginning
    el proceso fue muy lento en sus comienzos initially, the process was very slow
    dio comienzo al año lectivo it marked the beginning of the academic year
    dieron comienzo a la función con la tocata they began the performance with the toccata
    el concierto dará comienzo a las nueve the concert will begin at 9 o'clock
    los comienzos son siempre difíciles the first months ( o steps etc) are always difficult
    * * *

     

    Del verbo comenzar: ( conjugate comenzar)

    comienzo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    comenzar    
    comienzo
    comenzar ( conjugate comenzar) verbo transitivo
    to begin, commence (frml)
    verbo intransitivo
    to begin;

    comienzo haciendo algo/por hacer algo to begin by doing sth;
    comienzo a hacer algo to start doing o to do sth;
    comienzoon a disparar they started firing o to fire;
    comienzo por algo to begin with sth
    comienzo sustantivo masculino
    beginning;
    al comienzo at first, in the beginning;
    dar comienzo to begin;
    dar comienzo a algo [ persona] to begin sth;

    [ceremonia/acto] to mark the beginning of sth;

    comenzar verbo transitivo & verbo intransitivo to begin, start
    (a realizar una acción) comenzó a decir barbaridades, he started talking nonsense
    (una serie de acciones) comenzamos por mostrar nuestro desacuerdo, we started by showing our disagreement ➣ Ver nota en begin y start
    comienzo sustantivo masculino beginning, start
    ♦ Locuciones: a comienzos de, at the beginning of
    dar comienzo, to begin o start

    ' comienzo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apertura
    - iniciar
    - origen
    - principio
    - iniciación
    English:
    beginning
    - conception
    - off
    - onset
    - opening
    - outbreak
    - outset
    - start
    - turn
    - commence
    - home
    - out
    - usher
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    start, beginning;
    lo sabían desde el comienzo they knew from the start o beginning;
    y esto es sólo el comienzo and this is just the start;
    tuvo unos comienzos poco prometedores it got off to an inauspicious start;
    a comienzos del siglo XX at the beginning of the 20th century;
    al comienzo in the beginning, at first;
    dar comienzo (a algo) to start (sth), to begin (sth);
    la función dio comienzo a las siete y media the performance started at half past seven;
    el secretario dio comienzo a la reunión the secretary began o opened the meeting
    * * *
    m beginning;
    al comienzo, en un comienzo at first, in the beginning;
    un comienzo from the start;
    a comienzos de junio at the beginning of June
    * * *
    1) : start, beginning
    2)
    al comienzo : at first
    3)
    dar comienzo : to begin
    * * *
    comienzo n beginning

    Spanish-English dictionary > comienzo

  • 37 comunitario

    adj.
    communal, common.
    * * *
    1 (gen) of the community, relating to the community
    2 (de la Unión Europea) Community, of the EC, relating to the EC
    ■ España es un país comunitario Spain is a member of the EC, Spain is an EC country
    * * *
    (f. - comunitaria)
    adj.
    * * *
    1. ADJ
    1) [centro, servicios, cooperación] community antes de s ; [jardín, pasillos] communal
    2) (=de la comunidad europea) Community antes de s
    2.
    SM (=país) EC member state
    * * *
    - ria adjetivo
    a) < bienes> communal; < espíritu> community (before n)
    b) ( de la CE) EC (before n), Community (before n)
    * * *
    = community, Community-wide, communal.
    Ex. Unfortunately, goods of community origin can also be held up by the surveillance system, often for several weeks.
    Ex. Even when Community-wide regulations do apply, for example in matters of safety at work, the stringency of laws may vary from country to country.
    Ex. Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.
    ----
    * antena comunitaria de televisión = Communal Aerial TV (CATV).
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * directriz comunitaria = Community directive.
    * medicina comunitaria = community medicine.
    * Política Agrícola Comunitaria (CAP) = Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
    * servicio comunitario = community service.
    * * *
    - ria adjetivo
    a) < bienes> communal; < espíritu> community (before n)
    b) ( de la CE) EC (before n), Community (before n)
    * * *
    = community, Community-wide, communal.

    Ex: Unfortunately, goods of community origin can also be held up by the surveillance system, often for several weeks.

    Ex: Even when Community-wide regulations do apply, for example in matters of safety at work, the stringency of laws may vary from country to country.
    Ex: Excavation in Qumran suggests that the people were organised on a highly communal basis and adept in the art of pottery and bookmaking.
    * antena comunitaria de televisión = Communal Aerial TV (CATV).
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * directriz comunitaria = Community directive.
    * medicina comunitaria = community medicine.
    * Política Agrícola Comunitaria (CAP) = Common Agricultural Policy (CAP).
    * servicio comunitario = community service.

    * * *
    1 ‹bienes› communal
    trabajos comunitarios community work
    tener espíritu comunitario to have community spirit
    2 (de la UE) ‹presupuestos/normas› UE ( before n), Community ( before n)
    los países comunitarios the EU countries
    * * *

    comunitario
    ◊ - ria adjetivo

    a) ‹ bienes› communal;

    ‹espíritu/trabajo› community ( before n)

    comunitario,-a adjetivo
    1 of o relating to the community
    un bien comunitario, a communal good
    2 (de CE) of o relating to the EC
    los países comunitarios, the members of the EC
    la política comunitaria, the common policy
    ' comunitario' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    comunitaria
    English:
    communal
    - community
    * * *
    comunitario, -a adj
    1. [de la comunidad] community;
    espíritu comunitario community spirit
    2. UE Community, of the European Union;
    política comunitaria EU o Community policy;
    los países comunitarios the EU countries, the Community members
    3. Antes [de la CEE] Community, EEC
    * * *
    adj POL EU atr, Community atr

    Spanish-English dictionary > comunitario

  • 38 consultar

    v.
    1 to look up (dato, fecha).
    María consultó los datos previamente Mary looked up the information previously
    2 to consult, to check, to counsel, to deliberate.
    María consultó y le fue bien Mary consulted and came out fine.
    María consulta a doctores siempre Mary consults doctors always.
    * * *
    1 (pedir opinión) to consult ( con, with/-), seek advice ( con, from)
    \
    consultar con un abogado to consult a lawyer, take legal advice
    consultar con un médico to consult a doctor, take medical advice
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=pedir opinión) to consult
    2) [+ diccionario, libro, base de datos, archivo] to consult
    2.
    VI

    consultar con algn: no lo haré sin consultar antes contigo — I won't do it without discussing it with you first

    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/obra> to consult; <dato/duda> to look up
    2.
    * * *
    = browse, check with, consult, interrogate, run over, search (for), have + a look, search through, confer (with), roam over, turn to, look at.
    Ex. This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.
    Ex. Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex. Many reference sources which were once available only in hard copy are now available either in hard copy, or to be consulted by online access to a computer-held data base.
    Ex. Thus, a predominant feature of such software packages is the user related interfaces, which permit a non-programmer to comprehend and interrogate the data stored.
    Ex. You dial a number and the machine selects and connects just one of a million possible stations; it does not run over them all.
    Ex. This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex. I thought you might like to have a look at American Libraries' report on the IFLA conference in Glasgow.
    Ex. Users of the Web database will be able to search through this collection of American slave narratives by first and last name of narrator, county and state of servitude, year of birth, and name of master = Los usuarios de la base de datos web podrán consultar esta colección de relatos de esclavos americanos por nombre y apellido del narrador, país y condición de servidumbre, año de nacimiento y nombre del amo.
    Ex. The system has been designed to allow several people to confer simultaneously over a network.
    Ex. According to Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the semantic web, intelligent agent software will have the ability to understand the meaning (semantics) of the information they are roaming over in order to make the users' searches more inherently meaningful and efficient.
    Ex. We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex. This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.
    ----
    * consultar a Alguien = bounce + ideas off + Nombre.
    * consultar a través de los índices = browse.
    * consultar con la almohada = sleep on + it.
    * consultar con otro especialista = get + a second opinion.
    * consultar con otro experto = get + a second opinion.
    * consultar con + Pronombre = run + ideas + past + Pronombre.
    * consultar el catálogo = consult + catalogue.
    * consultar los fondos = search + holdings.
    * consultar un índice = search + index.
    * facilidad de consulta = browsability.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * volver a consultar = revisit, check back.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo <persona/obra> to consult; <dato/duda> to look up
    2.
    * * *
    = browse, check with, consult, interrogate, run over, search (for), have + a look, search through, confer (with), roam over, turn to, look at.

    Ex: This arrangement may facilitate browsing across different kinds of materials.

    Ex: Publishers attempting to cut through this nomenclature morass can check with the library's administration.
    Ex: Many reference sources which were once available only in hard copy are now available either in hard copy, or to be consulted by online access to a computer-held data base.
    Ex: Thus, a predominant feature of such software packages is the user related interfaces, which permit a non-programmer to comprehend and interrogate the data stored.
    Ex: You dial a number and the machine selects and connects just one of a million possible stations; it does not run over them all.
    Ex: This access is achieved by organising the tools so that a user may search under a specific access point or heading or index term, for example, subject term, author, name, title, date.
    Ex: I thought you might like to have a look at American Libraries' report on the IFLA conference in Glasgow.
    Ex: Users of the Web database will be able to search through this collection of American slave narratives by first and last name of narrator, county and state of servitude, year of birth, and name of master = Los usuarios de la base de datos web podrán consultar esta colección de relatos de esclavos americanos por nombre y apellido del narrador, país y condición de servidumbre, año de nacimiento y nombre del amo.
    Ex: The system has been designed to allow several people to confer simultaneously over a network.
    Ex: According to Tim Berners-Lee's vision of the semantic web, intelligent agent software will have the ability to understand the meaning (semantics) of the information they are roaming over in order to make the users' searches more inherently meaningful and efficient.
    Ex: We shall turn to this distinction very shortly.
    Ex: This article looks at three interrelated issues regarding on-line services based on the recent literature.
    * consultar a Alguien = bounce + ideas off + Nombre.
    * consultar a través de los índices = browse.
    * consultar con la almohada = sleep on + it.
    * consultar con otro especialista = get + a second opinion.
    * consultar con otro experto = get + a second opinion.
    * consultar con + Pronombre = run + ideas + past + Pronombre.
    * consultar el catálogo = consult + catalogue.
    * consultar los fondos = search + holdings.
    * consultar un índice = search + index.
    * facilidad de consulta = browsability.
    * por si hace falta consultarlo en el futuro = for future reference.
    * que se puede consultar = queriable.
    * tomar una decisión sin consultar con nadie = take it upon + Reflexivo + to.
    * volver a consultar = revisit, check back.

    * * *
    consultar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹persona/obra› to consult
    consulté a un abogado/especialista I consulted a lawyer/specialist
    lo decidió sin consultarme he took the decision without consulting me
    consulta el diccionario consult the dictionary, look it up in the dictionary
    2 ‹dato/duda› to look up consultar algo CON algn to consult sb ABOUT sth
    tendré que consultarlo con mi esposa I'll have to consult my wife o talk to my wife about it
    B ( Chi frml) (disponer) to provide
    ■ consultar
    vi
    consultar CON algn to consult sb
    no tomes una decisión sin antes consultar con él don't make a decision without consulting him o talking to him first
    * * *

     

    consultar ( conjugate consultar) verbo transitivo ‹persona/obra› to consult;
    ‹dato/duda› to look up;
    consultar algo con algn to consult sb about sth
    verbo intransitivo: consultar con algn to consult sb
    consultar verbo transitivo
    1 to consult, seek advice [con, from]
    2 (en un diccionario, etc) to look up
    ' consultar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    almohada
    - comentar
    - duda
    English:
    access
    - advice
    - confer
    - consult
    - refer to
    - see
    - sleep on
    - refer
    - sleep
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [pidiendo consejo] [persona] to consult;
    consulte el manual antes de comenzar el montaje [en instrucciones] read the manual before assembling;
    lo tengo que consultar con mi abogado I have to talk to o consult my lawyer about it;
    me consultó antes de hacerlo [me pidió consejo] he consulted me before doing it;
    [me pidió permiso] he asked me before he did it;
    2. [buscando información] [dato, fecha] to look up;
    [libro] to consult;
    consúltalo en el diccionario look it up in the dictionary
    ♦ vi
    consultar con to consult, to seek advice from;
    consulté con mis colegas el asunto del que me hablaste I asked my colleagues about the matter you mentioned
    * * *
    v/t consult;
    consultar algo en el diccionario look sth up in the dictionary
    * * *
    : to consult
    * * *
    1. (preguntar) to consult
    2. (libro) to look up

    Spanish-English dictionary > consultar

  • 39 currículo

    m.
    curriculum.
    * * *
    1 curriculum, curriculum vitae
    * * *
    * * *
    masculino (Educ) curriculum
    * * *
    = curriculum [curricula, -pl.], curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], vitae, vita.
    Ex. For example, language and literature go hand-in-hand in the school curriculum but Dewey separates the two.
    Ex. 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    Ex. A stratified, proportional random sample of faculty was taken and data collected from questionnaires, faculty vitae, on-line data bases, and standard bibliographical and reference sources.
    Ex. All proposals must include a title and an abstract for each paper, along with a brief vita for each participant.
    * * *
    masculino (Educ) curriculum
    * * *
    = curriculum [curricula, -pl.], curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], vitae, vita.

    Ex: For example, language and literature go hand-in-hand in the school curriculum but Dewey separates the two.

    Ex: 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    Ex: A stratified, proportional random sample of faculty was taken and data collected from questionnaires, faculty vitae, on-line data bases, and standard bibliographical and reference sources.
    Ex: All proposals must include a title and an abstract for each paper, along with a brief vita for each participant.

    * * *
    curriculum m 2. (↑ curriculum)
    * * *

    currículo sustantivo masculino (Educ) curriculum
    ' currículo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    extraescolar
    English:
    curriculum
    * * *
    1. [currículum vitae] curriculum vitae, Br CV, US résumé
    2. Educ curriculum
    * * *
    m curriculum
    * * *

    Spanish-English dictionary > currículo

  • 40 currículum

    m.
    1 résumé, CV, profile.
    2 curriculum, study program, syllabus.
    * * *
    1 curriculum, curriculum vitae
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    currículum masculino (pl - lums)
    a) ( antecedentes) tb

    curriculum vitae — curriculum vitae, CV

    b) (Educ) curriculum
    * * *
    = curriculum [curricula, -pl.], vitae, curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], vita.
    Ex. For example, language and literature go hand-in-hand in the school curriculum but Dewey separates the two.
    Ex. A stratified, proportional random sample of faculty was taken and data collected from questionnaires, faculty vitae, on-line data bases, and standard bibliographical and reference sources.
    Ex. 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    Ex. All proposals must include a title and an abstract for each paper, along with a brief vita for each participant.
    ----
    * curriculum vitae = curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], résumé, bio.
    * * *
    currículum masculino (pl - lums)
    a) ( antecedentes) tb

    curriculum vitae — curriculum vitae, CV

    b) (Educ) curriculum
    * * *
    = curriculum [curricula, -pl.], vitae, curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], vita.

    Ex: For example, language and literature go hand-in-hand in the school curriculum but Dewey separates the two.

    Ex: A stratified, proportional random sample of faculty was taken and data collected from questionnaires, faculty vitae, on-line data bases, and standard bibliographical and reference sources.
    Ex: 4 subjects were discussed at a seminar held on 3 successive weekends in Dec 86 on the training of librarians in job application: Curricula vitae; written applications; aspects of labour legislation (particularly testimonials); and interviews.
    Ex: All proposals must include a title and an abstract for each paper, along with a brief vita for each participant.
    * curriculum vitae = curriculum vitae [CV, -abrev.] [curricula vitae, -pl.], résumé, bio.

    * * *
    curriculum, currículum
    (pl - lums)
    curriculum vitae curriculum vitae, CV, résumé ( AmE)
    2 (programa) curriculum
    * * *

     

    Multiple Entries:
    curriculum    
    currículum
    curriculum,
    ◊ currículum sustantivo masculino (pl -lums)

    a) ( antecedentes) tb


    b) (Educ) curriculum

    currículum sustantivo masculino currículum vitae (CV), curriculum vitae, US résumé
    ' currículum' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    CV
    - historial
    - palmarés
    - plan
    - programa
    - currículo
    - curriculum
    - C.V.
    - hoja
    English:
    curriculum
    - curriculum vitae
    - CV
    - record
    - resumé
    - wide
    * * *
    * * *
    currículum nm, pl - lums
    1) : résumé, curriculum vitae
    2) : curriculum, course of study
    * * *
    currículum n curriculum vitae

    Spanish-English dictionary > currículum

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