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shell+fish

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61 ἄμβρυττοι

ἄμβρυττοι, kind of

A shell-fish (cf. βρύττοι), Hsch. [full] ἀμβρυχαί· αἱ τῶν χειρῶν ἐμβολαί, Id.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἄμβρυττοι
62 ἕρπηλα

ἕρπηλα, a kind of

A shell-fish, Numen. ap. Ath.7.306c (v.l. ἕρπιλαν) ; ἑρπήλας δολιχήποδας Id. ap. eund.7.305a (v.l. ἕρπηνας).

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἕρπηλα
63 ὀξυπύθμενος

ὀξῠ-πύθμενος, ον,

A with pointed bottom, of shell-fish, Xenocr. ap. Orib.2.58.85 ([comp] Comp.; - μενοί τε codd.). [full] πυκνος, ον, in the higher region of the πυκνόν (q. v.), φθόγγος Cleonid.Harm.4
,9, Bacch.Harm.27, cf. Aristid.Quint.1.6.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀξυπύθμενος
64 ὀστράκιον

ὀστρᾰκ-ιον, τό, Dim. of ὄστρακον, Arist.HA 594a11, Str. 17.3.11, Sch.D.T.p.196 H.

2 shell-fish, Str.17.2.4.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀστράκιον
65 ὄνυξ

ὄνυξ, ῠχος, ὁ, Hom. only in [dialect] Ep. dat. pl. ὀνύχεσσι, and always of the eagle,

A talons, claws, Il.8.248, al. ; so of the falcon, Hes.Op. 204, 205, Ar.Av. 1180 ; so of beasts of prey, Pi.N.4.63, Hdt.3.108 ; of the crocodile, Id.2.68 ; of the Sphinx, E.El. 471 (lyr.); of human beings, nail, Hes.Sc. 266, Hdt.4.64, etc.; τοὺς ὄνυχας τῶν δακτύλων Ar.Av.8
; of horses and oxen, hoof, X.Eq.1.3, Ap9.64 (Asclep. or Arch.): Arist. speaks of the hoof ([etym.] ὁπλή ) as homologous to the nail or claw ([etym.] ὄνυξ), HA 486b20, PA 690a9: metaph., πρὸς ὀξύν γ' ὄ. πετραίου λίθου E.Cyc. 401
codd. (leg. στόνυχα):—Special phrases:

1 εἰς ἄκρους τοὺς ὄ. ἀφίκετο (sc. ὁ οἶνος ) warmed me to my fingers' ends, ib. 159; so ἐκ κορυφῆς εἰς ἄκρους ὄ. AP9.709
(Phil.), cf. 12.93 (Rhian.) ; so also ἐξ ὀνύχων from the fingers' ends, ib.5.13 (Rufin.), Plu.2.3c ; but ἐξ ἁπαλῶν ὀ. from childhood, Horace's de tenero ungui, AP5.128 (Autom.).

2 ὄνυχας ἐπ' ἄκρους στάς on tiptoe, E.El. 840 ; ἐπ' ἄκρων ἐβάδιζε τῶν ὀ. Macho
ap.Ath.8.349b.

3 ὅταν ἐν ὄνυχι ὁ πηλὸς γένηται, i. e. when the model reaches the nail stage, because the sculptor puts the finishing touches to the model with his nail, Polyclit. ap. Plu. 2.636c, cf. Plu.2.86a ; so ἡ δι' ὄνυχος δίαιτα a most careful, close life, ib. 128e ;
τὸν Λυσιακὸν χαρακτῆρα ἐκμέμακται εἰς ὄνυχα
ad unguem expressit, D.H. Dem.13
; σύμπηξις εἰς ὄνυχα a nice fit, Gal.2.737 ; τὰς γωνίας ἐπ' ὄνυχος συμβεβλημένας ἔχειν Ph.Bel.66.37
; πρὸς ὄνυχα τὴν προσκαρτέρησιν ποιεῖσθαι Phld.Rh.1.11S.
; cf. ὀνυχίζω 111
, ἐξονυχίζω.

4 ὀδοῦσι καὶ ὄνυξι καὶ πάσῃ μηχανῇ, i.e. in every possible way, Luc. DMort.11.4.

5 ἐξ ὀνύχων λέοντα (sc. τεκμαίρεσθαι ) to judge by the claws, i. e. by a slight but characteristic mark, Alc.113, Apostol. 7.57.

II anything like a claw,

1 fluke of an anchor, Plu.2.247e.

2 an instrument fixed by a surgeon to his finger, Hp.Superf. 7, Gal.19.107.

3 ὄ. σιδηροῦς tool used for scraping the 'figs' of the συκάμινος, Thphr.HP4.2.1 (pl.) ; also for making incisions to extract gum of balsam, ib.9.6.2(pl.).

4 κλιμακίδοιν τοὺς ὄ., τῶν πλαισίων τοὺς ὄ., dub. sens. in IG12.373.208,212, cf. 372 E10.

III anything like the nail:

1 the white part at the end of rose-petals by which they are attached to the stalk, Dsc.1.99.

2 hypopyon, an accumulation of pus in the eye resembling a nail-paring, Aët.7.30 tit. (pl.), Paul.Aeg.3.22.23.

3 part of the liver, Ruf.Onom. 180, Sch.Nic.Th. 560.

4 veined gem, onyx, LXX Jb.28.16, Aristeas66, J.BJ5.5.7 ;
Σαρδῷος ὄ.
sardonyx, Luc.Syr.D.32
(cf. σαρδόνυξ) ; ὄ. σφραγίς IG22.1388.86
, cf. 12.282.128.

5 an aromatic substance, onycha, LXX Ex.30.34, Damocr. ap. Gal.13.226, Dsc.2.8, POxy.1142.4(iii A. D.).

6 = ἀστράγαλος VII, Ps.-Dsc.4.61.

7 operculum of the κογχύλιον, Dsc.2.8, Gal.13.320, Orib.5.77.1, Paul.Aeg.7.3 ; of the πορφύρα, Dsc.Eup.2.92.

8 a shell-fish, supposed female of σωλήν, prob. Lithodomus, Xenocr. ap. Orib.2.58.106 (pl.).

9 ὄνυχες θαλάσσιοι
sea-weed, Ps.-Democr.
Alch.p.42 B. (Cf. Lat. unguis, Skt. nakhás 'nail', etc.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὄνυξ
66 ὠδινολύτης

ὠδῑνολύτης [pron. full] [ῠ], ου, ὁ,

A setting free from pain, name of a kind of shell-fish, Plin.HN32.6.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὠδινολύτης
67 ἕρπω

ἕρπω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `crawl, slink, go on all four', Dor. also `go' in gen. (Il.).

Other forms: Aor. ἑρπύσαι (Att.; cf. ἑρπύζω below), ἕρψαι (LXX), fut. ἕρψω, also ἑρπύσω, Dor. ἑρψῶ,

Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. ἀν-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, ἐφ-, προσ-. As 1. member in ἑρπ-άκανθα = ἄκανθος (Ps.-Dsc.).

Derivatives: εΏρπετόν n. `animal that goes, crawls on all fours' as opposed to birds ( πετεινά) and men (Ion.-Att., δ 418; Aeol. ὄρπετον with zero grade, cf. below; on the formation Schwyzer 502, Chantraine Formation 299); ἕρπης, - ητος m. `shingles(?)' (Hp.; Schwyzer 499, Chantraine 267), ἑρπήν, - ῆνος m. `id.' (Ph.; after λειχήν a. o.; also ἑρπήνη EM) with ἑρπηνώδης (Ph.); ἕρπηλα a shell-fish (Ath.; form uncertain); ἑρπηδών, - όνος f. `crawling' (Nic.; Chantraine 360f.); ἑρπηστής `crawling animals' (Nic., AP; rare like τευχηστής a. o.; Chantraine 317); - ἕρπυλλος m. f. `tufted thyme' (Com.; after it Lat. serpullum) with ἑρπύλλ-ιον, - άριον `id.' and ἑρπυλλίς `grasshopper' (H.; cf. Strömberg Wortstudien 17); uncertain ἑρπυξή (Dsc. 3, 69; after πύξος?; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 111). - ἕρψις `crawling' (Pl., Arist.). - An expressive enlargement is ἑρπύζω `crawl' (Il.; cf. Schwyzer 736, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 336), to which belongs the Attic aorist ἑρπύσαι (after ἐρύσαι, ἑλκύσαι?); from there ἑρπυστικός (Hp., Arist.) and rare and late ἕρπυσις, - υσμός, - υστήρ, - υστής, - υστάζω. - On ὅρπηξ `sprout, twig' s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [912] * serp- `crawl'

Etymology: ἕρπω is identical with Skt. sárpati `id.', Lat. serpō `id.'. The zero grade in Aeol. ὄρπετον also in the Skt. thematic root aorist á-sr̥p-at. Several languages have derived indications of the snake: Skt. sarpá- m., Lat. serpens, Alb. gjarpër. - On meaning and spread of ἕρπω Bloch Suppl. Verba 71ff. Details in W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. serpō.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕρπω
68 κικίβαλος

κικίβαλος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `kind of shell-fish'

Other forms: reading uncertain: κικοβαυλιτιδες κογχυλίου τι γένος μέλαν καὶ τὰ ἐκ στέατος σκωλήκια H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Pre-Greek. Does the form point to kikVbalʷ-it-? the V may have been a (which became ο before b).

Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κικίβαλος
69 κράβυζος

κράβυζος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `name of a shell-fish' (Epich. 42).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: Prob. foreign word; on - υζος Schwyzer 472 w. n. 3, and see on κόνυζα. After Strömberg Fischnamen 121 for *κραβό-βυζος from κράβος ὁ λάρος H. and βῦζα ` eagle-owl' (Nic.); most improbable. Fur. 238, 283 connects κράμβος `dry', for which I see no reason.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κράβυζος
70 κέλυφος

κέλῡφος, εος, τό,

A sheath, case,

1 in fruits, pod, shell, Arist.GA 752a20, Thphr.HP2.4.2, etc.

2 in animals, sheath, Arist.HA 510a28.

b τὰ κ. τῶν ᾠῶν egg- shells, Id.GA 743a17; in fish, encasing membrane, Id.HA 568b9; τὸ περὶ τὰς γενέσεις κ. ib. 600b17.

c envelope, of a chrysalis, ib. 551a20, 601a6,8, GA 758b17; of the chrysalis of the stag-beetle, Id.HA 551b19.

d shell of crustaceous fish, ib. 549b25.

e hollow of the eye, AP9.439 (Crin.).

3 metaph., of old dicasts, ἀντωμοσιῶν κελύφη mere affidavit- husks, Ar.V. 545 (lyr.); of an old man's boat, which served as his shell or coffin, AP9.242 (Antiphil.). [[pron. full] ῡ, exc. Opp.C.3.503.] (Prob. cogn. with καλύπτω.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > κέλυφος
71 ἔλυτρον

ἔλυτρον, τό, ([etym.] εἰλύω)

A couering:

1 bow-case, S.Fr. 1043 (pl.); sheath of a spear, Ar.Ach. 1120; mirror-case, IG2.706Ab13; χοᾶ ἐν ἐ. ib.11 (2).219B76 (Delos, iii B.C.); case of a shield, D.S.20.11 (pl.).

2 sheath of the spinal cord, Hp.Art.45: the shard of a beetle's wing, Arist.HA 532a23; shell of a crab, Ael.NA9.43; of the eye- lids, Arist. de An. 421b29; of the umbilical cord, Id.HA 586b23.

3 husk or capsule of seeds, J.AJ3.7.6; the flowering glume of ζέα δίκοκκος, Dsc. 2.89.

4 the body, as being the case or shell of the soul, Pl.R. 588e, Poet. ap. Luc.Demon.44.

5 reservoir for water, Hdt.1.185,4.173, Paus.2.27.7, al.; tank for fish, Palaeph.27. (Cf. Skt. varútram 'cloak', varūtár- 'protector'.) [[pron. full] ῠ Ar.l.c.]

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἔλυτρον
72 αὐλός

αὐλός, ὁ,

A pipe, flute, clarionet, Il.10.13, 18.495, h.Merc. 452; Λύδιος Pi.O.5.19
; Ἔλυμος, i.e. Φρύγιος (q. v.), S.Fr. 398; Λίβυς E.Alc. 347
; αὐ. γυναικήιος, ἀνδρήιος, Hdt.1.17; αὐ. ἀνδρεῖοι, παιδικοί, παρθένιοι, Ath.4.176f, Poll.4.81; ὁ παρθένιος αὐ. τοῦ παιδικοῦ ὀξύτερος Arist. HA 581b11
; διδύμοις αὐλοῖσιν ἀεῖσαι Theoc.Ep.5.1
; ἐμφυσᾶν εἰς αὐλούς D.S.3.59
; αὐ. Ἐνυαλίου, i.e. a trumpet, AP6.151 (Tymn.); ὑπ' αὐλοῦ to the sound of the flute, Hdt. l. c.; πρὸς τὸν αὐ., ὑπὸ τὸν αὐ., X.Smp.6.3, etc.: pl., αὐλοὶ πηκτίδος pipes of the πηκτίς, IG4.53 ([place name] Aegina).

2 hollow tube, pipe, groove, περόνη τέτυκτο αὐλοῖσιν διδύμοισι the buckle was furnished with two pipes or grooves (into which the tongue fitted), Od.19.227; ἐγκέφαλος παρ' αὐλὸν ἀνέδραμε spirted up beside the vizard (cf. αὐλῶπις), or beside the socket of the spear-head into which the shaft fitted, Il.17.297; but in Od. 22.18 αὐλὸς παχύς means the jet of blood through the tube of the nostril; αὐλὸς ἐκ χαλκείου the smith's bellows, Hp.Art.47,77, cf. Th.4.100; tube of the clepsydra, Arist.Pr. 914b14; βλέπειν δι' αὐλοῦ Id.GA 780b19
.

3 in animals, blow-hole of cetacea, Id.HA 589b19, PA 697a17; funnel of a cuttle-fish, Id.HA 524a10; conus arteriosus in fishes, ib. 507a10, Resp. 478b8; duct, prob. in Id.GC 322a28.

4 stadium (cf. δίαυλος), Lyc.40.

5 haulm of grain, Sch. Theoc.10.46.

6 cow-bane, Cicuta virosa, Ps.-Plu.Fluv.10.3.

7 εἶδος ἀκολάστου σχήματος, EM170.28.

II razor-shell, = σωλήν (q.v.), Diph.Siph. ap. Ath.3.90d, Plin.HN32.103.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αὐλός
73 λεπίς

λεπ-ίς, ίδος, ἡ, ([etym.] λέπω)

A epithelial debris, Hp.Aph.4.81; layer of the skull, PMed. in Arch.Pap.4.270; ᾠοῦ λ. egg- shell, Sch.Ar. Pax 198; cup of a filbert, AP6.22 ([place name] Zonas), 102 (Phil.); coat of an onion, Sch.Luc.Hist.Conscr. 26.

2 collectively, scales of fish, λεπίδος σιδηρέης ὄψιν ἰχθυοειδέος Hdt.7.61
; ὃ ἐν ὄρνιθι πτερόν, τοῦτο ἐν ἰχθύϊ ἐστὶ λ. Arist.HA 486b21
; opp. φολίς, ib. 490b23, 517b5; also of serpents, v.l. in Nic.Th. 154, cf. Emp.82.

3 of other things, λ. χαλκοῦ flakes that fly from copper in hammering, Dsc.5.78, 79: abs., λεπίς Hp.Mul.1.63
.

4 plate of metal, Ph.Bel.69.50, Hero Aut.12.2, D.S.20.91, Plu.Phoc.18; collectively, λ. σιδηρᾶ BGU544.8
(ii A.D.); of gold and silver, Plb.10.27.10; λ. ἀργυρᾶ PMag.Par.1.258
.

5 λ. πρίονος blade of a saw, Heliod. ap. Orib.47.14.5.

6 λεπίδες (sc. χιόνος ) snow- flakes, cj. in Thphr.HP4.14.13, CP5.12.11.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λεπίς
74 λύρα

λύρα [ῠ], ἡ,

A lyre, a stringed instrument with a sounding-board formed of the shell of a tortoise (not in Il. or Od.), h.Merc. 423, Margites 1, Pi.O.10(11).93, N.10.21, etc.; κέλαδος ἑπτατόνου λύρας E.IT 1129
(lyr.); τὸν ἄνευ λύρας θρῆνον (since the dirge was accompanied by the flute) A.Ag. 990 (lyr.); λ. καὶ κιθάρα (q. v.) Pl.R. 399d, cf. Aristid. Quint.2.16: prov. ὄνος λύρας (sc. ἀκούων), v. ὄνος; ἀνὴρ δὲ φεύγων οὐ μένει λύρας κτύπον Ar.Fr.11 D.

II lyric poetry and music, Pl.Lg. 809c, 809e.

III the constellation Lyra, Anacr.99, Arat. 269; Μουσῶν λ., of the Pleiades, Pythag. ap. Arist.Fr. 196.

IV a sea-fish, perh. Trigla lyra, Arist.HA 535b17.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > λύρα
75 πληγή

πληγ-ή, [dialect] Dor. [full] πλᾱγά, ἡ, ([etym.] πλήσσω)

A blow, stroke, πεπληγὼν πληγῇσιν Il.2.264
, etc.; πᾶν ἑρπετὸν πληγῇ νέμεται Heraclit.11
, cf. Pl.Criti. 109b, Erasistr. ap. Ps.-Dsc.Ther.18; ἡ π. τοῦ τραύματος Pl.Lg. 877b
: freq. joined with Verbs of cogn. signf., πέπληγμαι καιρίαν πληγήν A.Ag. 1343
; τύπτει τὰς ἴσας πληγὰς ἐμοί Ar.Ra. 636
; τύπτεσθαι τῇ δημοσίᾳ μάστιγι ν πληγάς Lexap.Aeschin.1.139; πολλὰς πληγὰς μαστιγούσθω Pl.Lg. 914b
(but in such phrases πληγήν or πληγάς is freq. omitted, τρίτην ἐπενδίδωμι A.Ag. 1386
; τυπτόμενος πολλάς Ar. Nu. 972
, cf. D.19.197; ὀλίγας παῖσαι X.An.5.8.12
; μαστιγωθεὶς ὁπόσας ἂν δόξῃ τοῖς δικασταῖς Pl.Lg. 854d
, cf. 879e, 2 Ep.Cor.11.24): the person struck is said πληγὰς λαβεῖν, Ar.Ra. 673; ὑπὸ τῶν ῥαβδούχων Th.5.50
, etc.; πληγῶν δεῖσθαι Ar.Nu. 493
; πληγὴν ἔχω Anaxandr.72
; ὑπὸ τὴν π. τοῦ ἀκοντίου ὑπελθεῖν Antipho3.4.4
; καιρίῃ (sc. πληγῇ) τετύφθαι Hdt.3.64
; πληγὰς ὑπομένειν Aristopho 4.6
; εἰληφέναι καὶ δεδωκέναι πληγάς D.54.14
; π. ἐμβαλεῖν, ἐντείνειν τινί, X.An.1.5.11, 2.4.11, etc.; πατάξαι Pl.Grg. 527d
; ἐντρίβειν τινί Luc.Ind.25
, cf. Somn.14; προστρίβεσθαι Ar.Eq.5
; τὰς ἐξ ἀνθρώπων πληγὰς μαστιγοῦν τινα Aeschin.1.59
; πληγὴν ἐπὶ πληγῇ φέρειν Plb.2.33.6
; π. παρὰ πληγήν Ar.Ra. 643
; πληγαῖς ζημιοῦν, κολάζειν, Th.8.74, Pl.Lg. 762c, etc.; δίκη ὕβρεως ἢ πληγῶν PHal.1.115
(iii B.C.); πληγῆς ἄρχειν strike the first blow, Antipho 4.2.2; τὰς π. στέγειν, of the shell of a tortoise, Ar.V. 1295.

2 stroke by lightning, Hes.Th. 857 (pl.); πλαγαὶ σιδάρου strokes of axe or sword, Pi.P.4.246, O.10(11).37; κλυδωνίου.. πληγαῖς A.Th. 796
; στέρνων πλαγαί beating of breasts, S.El. 90 (anap.); π. τῶν ὀδόντων strokes from boars' tusks, X.Cyn.10.5; spearing of fish, Pl.Lg. 824 (pl.); of pig-sticking, οἱ κάπροι οἱ πρὸς τὴν π... ὠθούμενοι Id.Euthd. 294d
: in sg., fight with clubs, Hdt.2.63.

3 stroke or impression on the ears or eyes, Pl.Ti. 67b, Plu. 2.490c, etc.; αἱ νοήσεις τύποι ἔσονται· εἰ δὲ τοῦτο, καὶ ἐπακτοὶ καὶ πληγαί Plot.5.5.1
.

4 impact of bodies, atoms, etc., Archyt.1, Epicur.Fr. 308, Placit.1.4.2, Plot.3.6.19.

5 beat of the pulse, Gal.9.464.

6 metaph., blow, stroke of calamity, esp. in war, ἐν μιᾷ π. κατέφθαρται.. ὄλβος A.Pers. 251
, cf. Hell.Oxy.16.2; ἐν πληγαῖς ὄντες ibid.; πληγὴν ὑπήνεγκεν ἡ πόλις Arist.Pol. 1270a33
; πληγῇ περιπεπτωκέναι Plb.14.9.6
; πληγαὶ βιότου A.Eu. 933
(anap.); π. Διός α heaven-sent plague, Id.Ag. 367 (lyr.), S.Aj. 137 (anap.); μὴ 'κ θεοῦ π. τις ἥκει ib. 279; δμαθέντες πλαγαῖσι ποντίαισιν A.Pers. 908
(lyr.); of the ten plagues of Egypt, J.BJ5.9.4.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > πληγή
76 κάλυξ

κάλυξ, -ῠκος

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `cup, calyx of a flower, husk, shell, pod, rosebud', also metaph. for the ornament of a woman (Σ 401).

Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in καλυκοστέφανος `crowned with buds' (B.).

Derivatives: Dimin. καλύκιον (Dsc., H.); καλυκώδης `κ.-like' (Thphr.), καλύκειος λίθος name of a stone found in the fish called σάλπη (H.); also κάλυξις κόσμος τις ἐκ ῥόδων, καλύξεις ῥόδων καλύκια H., καλύκωσις `rosebud?' (Aq.), as if from *καλύσσω, or *καλυκόω; cf. the formations in Chantraine Formation 288 and καλυκίζειν ἀνθεῖν H.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: On the ending - υξ cf. Chantraine 383. The word resembles Skt. (class.) kalikā `but', but it must prob. be kept separate, s. Mayrhofer KEWA s. v. Cf. κύλιξ, and σκαλλίον. Both root and suffix look Pre-Greek ( καλ-υκ-).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάλυξ
77 μέλας

μέλας

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `dark-coloured, black' (Il.); μελάν-τερος (Il.), - τατος (IA.), late μελανώτερος Str.), μελαινοτάτη ( Epigr. Gr., AP; Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,9f. = Kl.Schr. 223f.).

Other forms: (Aeol. - αις), - αινα, - αν.

Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελάγ-χροος (pl. - ες), - χροιής, - χρής, - χρως- μελανό-χροος etc. `with dark skin' (see Sommer Nominalkomp. 21ff.; also Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 52 a. 80); μελαγ-χιμος `dark, black' (A., E., X.), with faded 2. member, cp. δύσ-χιμος and Sommer 71ff.; μελάν-δετος prob. `dark-striped' or `with dark bands' (O713, A., E.; Trümpy Fachausdrücke 62, Risch 189); μελάν-δρυ-ος `of black wood (δόρυ)' (A. Fr. 251), n. `heart-wood, marrow' (Thphr., Strömberg Theophrastea 128), pl. `piece of tunny', with which μελάν-δρυς m. `tunny' (Pamphil.; Strömberg Fischnamen 128); μελάμ-πυρον n. (- ος m.) `ball-mustard, Neslia paniculata' (Thphr., Gal.); with the form. cf. διόσπυρον (s.v.), on the meaning Carnoy REGr. 71, 96; μελαγ-κάλαμον n. dvandva `ink and pen' (pap. V^p, Maas Glotta 35, 299f.). Often in PN, with as shortnames e.g. Μελαινεύς, Μελανεύς, Μελανθεύς, Μέλανθος (Boßhardt 95, 101, 154, Schwyzer 263).

Derivatives: 1. μελαιν-άς f. name of a dark-coloured fish (Cratin. [?]; Strömberg Fischnamen 22); - ίς f. name of a sea-shell (Sophr., Herod., Xenokr.), also name of Aphrodite in Corinth (Ath.). 2. μελάν-ιον n. `ink' (pap., Edict. Diocl.; from μέλαν, Georgacas Glotta 36, 169). 3. μελαν-ία f. `blackness, black shadow, black colour' (X., Arist.), - ότης f. `blackness' (Arist.: λευκότης). 4. μελανός = μέλας (Sp.), - όν n. `black pigment' ( Sammelb. IV^p); after κελαινός, ὀρφνός etc.; μελαιναῖος `id.' ( Orac. Sib.; after κνεφαῖος a.o.; Chantraine Form. 47); μελανώδης `blackish' (EM). -- Denominative verbs: 1. μελαίνομαι, -ω `become, make dark, black' (Il.); from this μέλανσις f. `blackening' (Arist.), μέλασ-μα n. `black spot, black paint' (Hp.), - μός m. `blackening, black spot' (Hp., Plu.), μελαντηρ-ία f. `black pigment, blackness' (IG 2², 1672, Arist.), - ιον `stain' (sch.). 2. μελάνω `become (make?) black' (H 64; Schwyzer 700, Shipp Studies 37). 3. μελανέω intr. `id.' (Thphr., A. R., Call.)

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [720] * mel(h₂)- `black'

Etymology: To μέλᾱς \< *μέλᾰν-ς, μέλαινα (\< - αν- ι̯α), μέλᾰν is τάλᾱς, τάλαινα, τάλαν a parallel, where it must be noted that τάλας seems to be an orig. ντ-stem. --The identification of μέλαινα with Skt. f. malinī (supp. IE *melh₂n-i̯ǝ), to which a consonantic m. μελαν- was innovated for an older *μέλανος = Skt. malina-'dirty' (Schwyzer IF 30, 446ff. after Brugmann Grundr. 2: 1, 256 n. 1), fails because malinī is known only as a gloss and in the sense of `menstruating woman'; masc. malina- is further an ep.-class. deriv. from Ved. mála- n. `dirt'; s. Sommer Nominalkomp. 25, Wackernagel-Debrunner II: 2, 351 f. Of the many words cited under the words mel- indicating colour in WP. 2, 293 f., Pok. 720 f. only a few Baltic formations with n-suffix are interesting, Latv. męl̃ns `black' (see Fraenkel Gnomon 22, 237), OPr. melne `blue spot', mīlinan acc. f. `spot' (further Fraenkel Wb. s. mė́las 2). -- Further s. μολύνω, also μελίνη and μώλωψ.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλας
78 ξίφος

ξίφος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `sword with straight double-edged balde' (Il.; see Trümpy Fachausdrücke 60ff.); metaph. of the ξίφος- like bone of the cuttle-fish (Arist.), as plantname = ξιφίον (Thphr.); also σκίφος (sch., EM, H.); on the anlaut Schwyzer 266, Heubeck Würzb. Jb. 4, 201. Myk. qi-si-pe-e (du., Heubeck Minos 6, 55f.)?

Dialectal forms: Myc. qisipee \/ kʷisiphee\/ du.

Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ξιφη-φόρος `sword-bearing' (A., E.) with analog. - η- (Schwyzer 440); on σκιφα-τόμος s. below. As 2. member in ἄ-ξιφος `swordess' (Lyc., A. D.), adv. ἀξιφ-εί (Hdn.).

Derivatives: 1. ξιφίδιον dimin. (Ar., Th.), also plantname = σπαργάνιον, `swodgrass' (Ps.-Dsc.; Strömberg Pfl.n. 44); 2. ξιφύδριον ( σκιφ- Epich.) name of a shell-animal (medic., H.). 3. ξιφίας ( σκιφ- Epich.) m. `swordfish' (Arist.), also name of a comet (Plin.; Scherer Gestirnnamen 107 ff.); 4. ξιφίον n. kind of swordlily, `Gladiolus segetum' (Thphr., Dsc.); 5. ξιφή-ρης `heavily armed' (E., late prose). 6. ξιφήν ὁ φέρων ξίφος Suid. 7. ξιφίνδα παίζειν = ξιφίζειν (Theognost.). 8. ξιφίζω dance a swoddance' (Cratin.), ἀποξιφίζειν ὀρχεῖσθαι ποιὰν ὄρχησιν, σκιφίζει ξιφίζει. ἔστι δε σχῆμα μαχαιρικῆς ὀρχήσεως H. From there ξιφ-ισμός (Ath., D. C.), - ισμα (Choerob., H.) `sworddance', ξιφιστύς μαχαιρομαχία, μάχη ἐκ χειρῶν H. (Benveniste Noms d'agent 74); but ξιφιστήρ m. (pap., Plu.). - ιστής H. `swordbelt' because of the meaning rather directly from ξίφος; cf. on κορυφιστήρ s. κορυφή. With prefix δια-ξιφίζομαι `fight with the sword' (Ar.), διαξιφισ-μός m. `swordbattle' (Plu.). -- Two further H.glosses: ξίφαι τὰ ἐν ταῖς ῥυκάναις δρέπανα η σιδήρια and (wit metathesis) σκιφίνιον πλέγμα ἐκ φοίνικος (after κοφίνιον a. o.); here also σκιφα-τόμος profession (Sparta I^a) ?; cf. on κίφος.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Etymology unknown; like so many weaponnnames prob. LW [loanword]. For oriental origin (Aram. saj^ǝfā, ārab. saifun, Egypt.. sēfet `sword') a.o. Lewy Fremdw. 176 f., Spiegelberg KZ 41, 127ff., Huber Comm. Aenip. 9, 34, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 362 f. Wrong IE etymologies in Bq (rejected). New hypothesis by Čop KZ 74, 231 f.: to Osset. äxsirf `sickle', which can go back on IE *ksibhró-. Myc. qisipee points to a labio-velar (possible also for äxsirf), which could have been lost through dissimilation with the following φ; s. Heubeck Minos 6, 55 ff. with further details and lit. On the treatment of the labio-velar cf. also Schwyzer 299. The Myc. form clearly points to Pre-Greek origin; perhaps the forms with σκιφ- also point in this direction. It is well known that Pre-Greek had labio-velars (Beekes, Pre-Greek).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ξίφος

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