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21 βληχή
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bleating' (μ 266, A.).Dialectal forms: Dor. βλᾱχά̄Derivatives: βληχάομαι `bleat' (Ar.), perh. not denomin., but an independent intensive like βρυχάομαι, μυκάομαι etc. (s. Schwyzer 683). - βληχηθμός (Ael.; cf. μυκηθμός a. o.), βλήχημα H., βληχάς (Opp., cf. μηκάς, Schwyzer 508). βληχητά pl. `bleating animals' (Eup., cf. ἑρπετά u. a.). βληχώδης `bleating' (Babr.). βληχάζω (Autocr.).Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]Etymology: An elementary formation, with several parallels, e. g. Čech. blekati, MLG bleken \> NHG. blöken; without velar RussCSl. blějati, Latv. blêt, MHG bloejen; with dental Germ., e. g. OE blǣtan, OHG. blāʒen; all with orig. *ē. Trag. βλᾱχά̄ must be hyperdoric; note βληχάομαι in Theoc.Page in Frisk: 1,244Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βληχή
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22 βρένδον
Grammatical information: m.\/n.?Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] Messap.Etymology: Messapian word (EM), also found in place names, e. g. Βρεντέσιον = Brundisium. Further in north Germanic, e. g. Swed. dial. brind(e) `male elk', norw. brund (Latv. briêdis, prob. from Germ.); cf. without dental Alb. bri `horn, antlers' (Demiraj s.v.). - S. Krahe, Spr. d. Illyrier 1, 39; Rix, Beitr. z. Namenforschung 5, 115ff.Page in Frisk: 1,265Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > βρένδον
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23 γυμνός
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `naked, unarmed' (Il.).Other forms: ἀπόνοιμον ἀπογύμνωσιν H.Derivatives: γυμνάς, - άδος f. m. `naked' (E.); `trained' (E., Attika); collective = `trained men' (Amorgos, Astypalaia, Kos). γυμνής, - ῆτος m. `light-armed warrior' (Tyrt.), with γυμνητικός (X.), γυμνήσιος (Arist.), γυμνητεύω (Plu.), γυμνητεία `light-armed men' (Th.), `nakedness' (Corn.); γυμνήτης, f. - ῆτις `naked' (Lyc.). γυμνικός ( ἀγών) `gymnastic' (opp. ἱππικός) (Hdt.). γυμνηλός `poor' (H., EM, after νοσηλός etc.). - γυμνότης f. (LXX). - Denom. γυμνόομαι `strip' (Il.), - όω (Hdt.), γύμνωσις (Th.). γυμνάζομαι `exercise (naked)' Ion.-Att.; γυμναστής `trainer' (Pl.), γυμναστικός, ἡ γυμναστική ( τέχνη) `gymnastics' (Ion.-Att.); γύμνασμα `training' (D. H.), γύμνασις `id.' (Poll.); γυμνάσιον `training' (Pi.), `school for.., gymnasium' (Att.), γυμνασιώδης (Cic.); γυμνασία; for - σιον, - σία Schwyzer 469f. - γυμνασίδιον (Arr.) and γυμναστήριον (Gal.). - γυμνιεύω `be naked' (P. Ross. Georg. 3, 28, IVp).Etymology: Old word. With dental suffix, Lat. nūdus (\< * nogʷodʰos Schrijver, Larr. Lat. 1991, 274f), OIr. nocht, Goth. naqaÞs, OHG nackt, ONo. nøkkuiðr. Without suffix, Lith. núogas, OCS nagъ (with vowel lengthened acc. to Winter-Kortlandt); with n-Suffix, Skt. nagná-, Av. maγna- (dissimilated); Germ. n-forms like ONo. nakinn, OFries. naken prob. after the n-participles. Hitt. nekumanza (with e-vowel) after the adjektives in -u̯ant- (with - mant- after u). With e also Arm. merk \< *meguro- (cf. Av. maγna-). - The υ from -o- as in νύξ before following labiovelar; - μν- \< -gun-, cf. ἀμνός. We also find λυμνός (H.), with dissimilation for *νυμνός; also ἀπολύγματος ἀπογύμνωσις. Κύπριοι H. (with - γ- preserved). The essential point, the γ-, was explained by Kortlandt (ap. Beekes, Orbis 37 (1994)91) through assimilation in *noŋʷ-nos \> *ŋoŋʷnos. The initial ŋ- was rephonemicized (ŋ was not a phoneme in Greek) to γ-, *γυνμος giving γυμνός.Page in Frisk: 1,332-333Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γυμνός
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24 δάμαρ
δάμαρ, - αρτοςGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `wife' (Il.; on the meaning Gernet Mélanges Boisacq 1, 393ff.);Other forms: δόμορτις γυνή H. (Aeol.).Derivatives: No deriv.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Unknown. Since Schulze KZ 28, 281f. (= Kl. Schr. 364) from the word for `house' (s. δάπεδον, δεσπότης and δόμος) and the root ἀρ- in ἀραρίσκω with a dental suffixe; thus δόμορ-τ-ις (Schwyzer 451 m. A. 3). - Others assume in δάμαρ an old neuter in -ρ (cf. NHG Frauenzimmer); s. Benveniste Origines 30, Lejeune Traité de phon. 34 A. 3. Ruijgh, Lingua 51 (1980) 90 connects ταμία. A Pre-Greek word seems more probable.Page in Frisk: 1,345-346Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > δάμαρ
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25 διαπρύσιον
Grammatical information: adv.Meaning: `going through, piercing', esp. of sounds, `far stretching' (Hom.)Other forms: - ίως adv. (D. S.)Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [??] *δια-πρ-υ-τ-?Etymology: Cf. τηΰσιος etc., so for *δια-πρύ-τιος. The stem reminds of διαπρό `through and through', with - τ- analogical (avoiding hiatus), cf. Risch 115. For the unclear υ-vowel Aeolic origin has been supposed (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 25); other proposals in Bechtel Lex. s. v. (to πρύτανις, but this is Pre-Greek; πρυμνός with - υ- after πύματος?) and Schwyzer-Debrunner 505; diff. Schwyzer KZ 63, 60 n. 1: to διαπείρω with υ-suffix and dental.Page in Frisk: 1,386Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > διαπρύσιον
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26 ἐθέλω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `want'.Other forms: with aphairesis θέλω (Aeol. Ion. Hell.; in Hom. only ο 317; see Debrunner Festschrift Zucker 87ff.), aor. ( ἐ)θελῆσαι, fut. ( ἐ)θελήσω (Il.), perf. ἠθέληκα (X.), τεθέληκα (hell.)Compounds: As 1. member in ἐθελο-κακέω `do wrong deliberately, play the coward deliberately' (Hdt.) with ἐθελοκάκησις (Plb.), cf. μνησι-κακέω a. o.; ἐθελό-δουλος `voluntary slave' with - δουλεία (Pl.), ἐθέλ-εχθρος (Crat.) etc. EN Έθελο-κράτης a. o. (inscr.).Derivatives: ( ἐ)θελημός `voluntary' (Hes.), ( ἐ)θελήμων `id.' (Pl.) with ἐθελημοσύναι pl. (PMag. Par.); θέλημα `will' (Antipho Soph.; θελήμη Theognost.) with θελημάτιον; - τικός, θέλησις, - ητής, - ητός (LXX usw.). - From ἐθελοντ-: ἐθελοντής `volunteer' (Hdt.) with - τήν adv. (Hdt.); rare θελοντής (Hdt. v. l.); Hom. has ἐθελοντῆρας (β 292); ἐθελούσιος `voluntary' (X., after ἑκούσιος). Adv. ἐθελοντί, - τηδόν `voluntarily' (Th.), ἐθελόντως (sch.). - Isolated θέλεος ἀθέλεος `volens nolens' (A. Supp. 862 [lyr.]), poet. formation after the adj. in - εος.Etymology: ( ἐ)θέλω is a primary thematic pres. ind, which has - η- in all non-present forms. To OCS želéjǫ, -ěti `wish, desire', from * h₁gʷʰel-. (Not to φαλίζει θέλει H.; before e one expects a dental).Page in Frisk: 1,447-448Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐθέλω
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27 ἐλεύσομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `come, go'.Other forms: Fut. (Ion. trag. hell.), aor. ind. ἤλυθον, perf. εἰλήλουθα (`Attic' perf. \< * h₁le-h₁loudʰ-, ptc. ἐ(ι)ληλουθώς (ep.), ἐλήλυθα (posthom.), plur. also ἐλήλυμεν, - τε (Att. Com.), Cyren. ptc. κατ-εληλευθυῖα (Fraenkel Glotta 20, 88f.)Compounds: Often with prefix: ἀν-, ἀπ-, δι-, εἰσ-, ἐξ-, κατ- etc. Rare transitive (factitive) forms in Doric: ἐλευσίω οἴσω H., aor. 3 pl. ἐλεύσαν (Ibyc.), ἐπ-ελευσεῖ, ἐπ-ελεῦσαι (Gortyn) `bring'. As present one uses ἔρχομαι.Derivatives: ἔλευσις `arrival' ( Act. Ap. 7, 52), also from the compounds, most rare, all (hell.) late, e. g. συν-, ἐπ-έλευσις. Older the usual ἤλυσις `walk, way' (E.), ἐξ-, περι-ήλυσις (Hdt.) etc. (cf. Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 58 u. 149) with compositional lengthening ( ἤλυσις after the compounds) and the same vowels as in the compounds νέ-ηλυς, - δος `newly arrived' (Il.), ἔπ-ηλυς `immigrated, foreigner' (Hdt., ἐπ-ηλύ-της Th.) a. o.; προσ-ήλυ-τος `new-arrived, proselyte' (LXX, NT) a. o.; further the abstracts ἐπ-ηλυσίη (h. Hom.), κατ-, συν-ηλυσίη (hell.).Etymology: The semantically and formally best agreement to this verb with old ablaut is found in Celtic with the OIr. preterite lod, luid `I, he went' (\< * h₁ludh-om, -et: ἤλυθον, -ε), lotar `they went' (*ludh-ont-r̥); formally as good but semantically less convincing is the comparison with Skt. ró(d)hati, Germ., e. g. Goth. liudan `grow, go up' (from where the old word for `people', OHG liut etc.; s. ἐλεύθερος). In both cases one must assume that - θ- (IE - dh-) disappeared analogically in ἤλυσις, ἐλήλυμεν, - τε as well as in (νέ)-, ( προσ)-ήλυτος (after ἐλεύ[θ]σομαι), cf. Schwyzer 704 n. 2, 769 n. 7 w. lit.). It seems less probable that the dental of Celtice etc. was a sec. enlargement. Possible is also connection with Arm. eluzanem `bring out, up' (it is a causative to elanem, s. on ἐλαύνω). - Cf. also ἐλθεῖν.Page in Frisk: 1,492-493Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐλεύσομαι
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28 ἕλμις
Grammatical information: f.Other forms: (Arist.), gen. ἕλμινθος (with new nom. ἕλμινς Hp.), also ἕλμιγγος etc.; also acc. ἕλμιθα (epid.); nom. pl. ἕλμεις (Dsc.). Difficult λίμινθες ἕλμινθες. Πάφιοι H.Compounds: As 1. member in ἑλμινθο-βότανον `herb used against worms' (medic.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: If the dental- and velar enlargements are removed (Schwyzer 510 and 498, Chantr. Form. 366 and 400) we get a word, that agrees in its ending with two other names for `worm'. (One is found in Indo-Iranian (e. g. Skt. kŕ̥mi-), in Albanian ( krimp), Baltic (e. g. Lith. kirmìs), Slavic (e. g. OCS črъmьnъ `red' \< * črъmь, slov. čr̂m `fingerworm, carbuncle'), Celtic (e. g. OIr. cruim). The other is limited to Latin ( vermis) and Germanic (e. g. Goth. waurms), but has relatives in Balto-Slavic (e. g. OPr. vormyan `red', ORuss. vermie `ἀκρίδες') and Greek (Boeot. PN Ϝάρμιχος; cf. also, with different formation, ῥόμος σκώληξ ἐν ξύλοις H.). Of these IE *kʷr̥mi- seems to be the oldest, both for its wide distribution, especially in frontier areas, as because it is etymologically isolated (cf. Porzig Gliederung 208f.). The riming *u̯r̥mi- may have been adapted to the verb *u̯er- `turn, bend' (cf. ῥόμος and ῥατάναν). A further innovation would be found in Greek because it connected the verb u̯el- `turn, wind' (s. 2. εἰλέω), which gave two further forms for `worm', εὑλή and Ϝάλη (written ὑάλη). (From Tocharian A one adds walyi pl. `worms'.) - The last mentioned (three) forms (with -l-) are clearly unrelated. The IE forms have -r-, but our word has -l- (so the word is not IE, as Furnée 290 holds). Though DELG does not think it necessary to take the - νθ- as a sign of Pre-Greek, I don't see why. Note that the form ἔλμιγγος also shows the typical Pre-Greek prenasalization (cf. acc. ἔλμιθα IG IV 12, 122,10 Epidauros). The form λίμινθες also rather suggests a Pre-Greek variant. Was it *lymi(n)t-? (with proothetic vowel a- which became e- before the palatal l?). Note that the NGr. forms λεβίθα, - ίδες confirm the vowel right of the l (see DELG).Page in Frisk: 1,501Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἕλμις
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29 ἐρυσί̄βη
ἐρυσί̄βηGrammatical information: f.Meaning: `rust in plants' (Pl., X., Arist.; ī Orph. L. 600).Derivatives: ἐρυσιβώδης `eaten by rust' (Arist., Thphr.), ἐρυσίβιος surname of Apollon in Rhodos (Str.). Denomin. verbs ἐρυσιβάω, - όομαι `suffer from rust', also factitive - όω (Thphr.). - There is an epithet of Apollo Ερυθῑ́βιος (Str. 13,1,64, v.l. Ε᾽ρεθίβιος; with ἐρεᾳζω), Ε᾽ρεθῑ́μιος, Ε᾽ρεδῑ́μιος (inscr, Rhodes), Ε᾽ρεθυμιάζω (Lyc. inscr.); further ἐρυσῑ́βη epith. of Demeter (Et. Gud.210, 25); Str. 13,1,64 says: ΡΏόδιοι δε Ε᾽ρυθιβίου Α᾽πόλλωνος ἔχουσι ἐν τῃ χώρᾳ ἱερὸν, την ἐρυσίβην καλοῦντες ἐρυθίβην. S. below.Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Popular word with β-suffix (Chantraine Formation 260ff.). The stem ἐρυσι- also in ἐρυσίπελας (s. v.) and in the plant-name ἐρυσί-σκηπτρον (Thphr., Dsc.); it recalls the verbal 1. members of the type τερψίμβροτος (Schwyzer 443); but they have also been considered as old s-enlargements of the word for `red' (s. ἐρυθρός, ἐρεύθω), seen also in Lat. russus, Lith. raũsvas `red', OCS rusъ `reddish blond', Germ., e. g. OHG rost ` Rost', Khotansac. rrusta `red' a. o.; IE * reudh-s- ( roudh-s-, rudh-s-) to the s-stem in ἔρευθος? - Furnée 214, 255f. rightly saw that this is a Pre-Greek word; note the variations dental (θ, δ)\/s and β\/μ (Furnée 248-263 and 203-221). Also the long ι is typical for Pre-Greek word-formation (Beekes, Pre-Greek suffixes: -ῑβ-, -ῑγ-, -ῑδ-, ῑθ-. -ῑκ-, -ῑν-). The word will have been influenced by Gr. ἐρυθ-.Page in Frisk: 1,569-570Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐρυσί̄βη
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30 ἔσχατος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `the uttermost, last' (Il.).Compounds: Rarely in compp. like ἐσχατό-γηρως (- ος) `in the last age' (hell.), παρ-έσχατος `the last but one' (Ph.).Derivatives: ἐσχατιά, - ιή `uttermost part, frontier, extreme position' (Ion.Hes., Att.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 81f. (Tenos; Redard Les noms grecs en - της 9); poet. enlargement ἐσχάτιος (Nic.). Denomin. verbs. ἐσχατάω `be the uttermost, the last', only in ptc. ἐσχατάων, - όων (Il.; cf. Shipp Studies 62). ἐσχατεύω `id.' (Arist.). ἐσχατίζω `come too late' (LXX).Origin: IE [Indo-European] [292] *h₁eǵʰs `out'Etymology: Adjectival deriv. of ἐξ, but in detail unclear. The opposite ἔγ-κατα, to ἐν, presupposes a formation *ἔξ-κατος; the tenuis aspirata χ then requires as protoform *ἔχσ-κατος, what seems to give for ἐξ an IE basis *eǵʰs; but note in older alphabets the notation χσ = ξ (Schwyzer 210), which suggests aspiration of a velar before σ. - The suffix - κατος would have a velar element (cf. πρό-κα, Lat. reci-pro-cus; *ἐχσ-κο- `what is outside') and a dental ( μέσ(σ)-ατος, τρίτ-ατος a. o.). Wackernagel KZ 33, 40f. = Kl. Schr. 1, 719f., Leumann Hom. Wörter 158 n. 1. On the phonetics also Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 29ff.Page in Frisk: 1,578Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἔσχατος
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31 ἰβύ
Grammatical information: pcleMeaning: interjection or adverb (H., Phot. from Telecl.).Derivatives: ἰβύει τύπτει, βοᾳ̃ with postverbal ἰβύς εὑφημία, στιγμή H. - With velar suffix ἴβυξ ὀρνέου εἶδος, καὶ ἶβις (s. Thompson Birds s. v.), ἰβύκη εὑφημία, and ἰβυκτήρ, in H. `singer of a march-song on Crete' (cod. ἰβηκ-); also Ἴβυκος PN?, cf. Radermacher Glotta 16, 135f. - Through cross with βυκινίζω, βυκανίζω (Eust.; s. βυκάνη) arose ἰβυκινῆσαι ἐπευφημῆσαι, βοῆσαι H. ( ἰβυκηνίσαι EM). Details in Kock on Telecl. 58. - With dental suffix ἰβυδῆνας τοὺς εὑφημοῦντας H., cf. the sound nouns in - δος, κέλαδος a. o.Origin: ONOM [onomatopoia, and other elementary formations]; LW [loanword] Anat.Etymology: Onomatopoetic sound-word, acc. to H. Lydian (s.v. ἰβύ) or Ionic (s. ἰβυκινήσαντες), also as cry of surprise or the like. On th last use rests the gloss H. = τὸ πολὺ καὶ μέγα; how the meanings τύπτειν and στιγμή must be understood is unclear. - Cf. βύζω and ἰύζω.Page in Frisk: 1,707Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἰβύ
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32 κάρπασον
Grammatical information: n.Meaning: name of `a plant with poisonous sap', `white hellebore, Veratrum album' (med., Orph.);Compounds: ὀπο-κάρπασον (Dsc.; Lat. opocarpathon) = ὀπὸς καρπάσου (= Lat. sucus carpathi, Plin.), after ὀπο-βάλσαμον; ξυλο-κάρπασον (Gal.) after ξυλο-βάλσαμον (Risch IF 59, 287).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: Lat. carpathum with th for - σ- points to foreign (mediterranean) origin; both forms already in Myc. A form with dental is found also in the name of the island Κάρπαθος, which was named after the plant (Bogiatzides Άθ. 29, 72ff.); here also the PlN Καρπασία (Cyprus). The s-form also came in Latin ( carpasum, carbasa). - Derivation from καρπός (Brugmann Sächs. Ber. 1899, 185) is of course unthinkable. - The variation θ \/ σ is typical for Pre-Greek and points to a -ty-.Page in Frisk: 1,792Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κάρπασον
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33 κλάδος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `branch, twig, sprout' (IA., Arist., Thphr.), also a few cases of monosyllabic κλαδ- in κλαδ-ί, κλάδ-α, - ας and of an s-stem in κλάδεσι, - έεσσι, - έων (after δένδρεσι etc.?);Compounds: Compp., e. g. ὀλιγό-κλαδος (Thphr.), κλαδο-τομέω (pap.).Derivatives: Diminut. κλάδιον (Lib., pap.) and κλαδίσκος (Gal.); κλαδεών (Orph.), κλαδών (H.) = κλάδος; κλαδώδης `full of branches' (sch., Eust.), κλάδινος = rameus (Gloss.). Denomin. verb κλαδεύω `cut off branches, clip' (Artem.; - έω Arr.) with κλάδευσις (Aq., Sm., Gp.), κλαδεία (Gp.) `cutting off..., clipping', κλαδευτήρια pl. `pruned leaves' (Gloss.), κλαδευτής `pruner' (Gloss.), κλαδευτήριον, - ια `pruning knife, -festival' (H.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]Etymology: One often connects * kelh₂- `cut off' (but Pok. 545ff. contains much irrelevant material). But this cannot give the Greek form. The connection with the Germ. word for ` Holz, Wald', OIc. OE holt n. etc. is probably wrong. That both forms can be derived from IE. *kl̥do- must be accidental, and there is no root * kel- without laryneal. Kluge-Seebold notes *kl̥h₂d- [there clearly is a misprint]; a Greek pre-form * klǝd- is impossible since the laryngeal theory: it should be *kl̥h₂d- which would have given *κλᾱδος. For the realia one referred to J. Trier, Holz (Münster-Köln 1952) p. 43ff. Mostly connected with κλάω `break off' (s. v.), but with a pre-Greek (i.e. from before hist. Greek) dental enlargement. Independent of κλάδος is the δ-formation of κλαδαρός `invalid' (s. v.); further καλαδία ἑυκάνη (= `plane') H. [LSJ gives ῥυκάνη (`plane-tree'); thus Frisk s.v.; but this lemma does not exist in H.] with diff. ablaut, s.s.v. - Outside Greek one connects Lat. clādēs `damage etc.', but this requires * klh₂d-, which is impossible for Greek ; and Slav., e. g. Russ.-Csl. klada, Russ. kolodá `beam, block, trunk', on whch I have no opinion. Kuiper GS Kretschmer 121f connected with κλάδος κλών, κλῶναξ, with nasalization (replacement of a stop by the nasal of that series) of the δ; cf. κλῶναξ κλάδος H. Further Pok. 546f..Page in Frisk: 1,864-865Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλάδος
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34 κλείς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `bar, bolt' (sec. `rowing bench', Leumann Hom. Wörter 209), ` hook, key, collar bone' (Il.).Other forms: κλειδός, κλεῖν (late κλεῖδα), older κλῄς, κλῃδός, κλῃ̃δα (on the notation Schwyzer 201f.), ep. Ion. κληΐς, - ῖδος, - ῖδα, Dor. κλᾱΐς, - ῖδος beside - ίδος (Simon., Pi.; Aeol.?, cf. Schwyzer 465), besides κλᾳξ (Theoc.), κλαικος, - κα (Epid., Mess.)Dialectal forms: Myc.. karawiporo = κλαϜι-φόροςCompounds: Compp., e. g. κλειδ-οῦχος ( κλῃδ-) m. f. `key-holder' (inscr.), κατα-κλείς, - κληΐς `lock, case, quiver' (Att.; from κατα-κλείω);Derivatives: Diminut. κλειδίον (Ar., Arist.); κλειδᾶς m. `lock-smith' (pap., inscr., Empire); late denomin. κλειδόω (Smyrna, pap.) with κλείδωσις (sch.), - ωμα (Suid.). - Old denomin. κλείω, Oldatt. κλῄω, Ion. κληΐω (Hdt.), late κλῄζω ( Hymn. Is., AP), Theoc. κλᾳζω, aor. ep. Ion. κληϊ̃σαι, κληΐσσαι (Od.), Oldatt. κλῃ̃σαι, Att. κλεῖσαι, pass. κληϊσθῆναι, κλῃσθῆναι, κλεισθῆναι (Ion. resp. Att.), κλᾳσθῆναι (Theoc.), fut. κλῄσω (Th.), κλείσω, perf. κέκλῃκα (Ar.), κέκλεικα (hell.), midd. κέκλῃμαι (-ήϊμαι), κέκλειμαι, Dor. κέκλᾳνται (Epich.); after it Dor. aor. ( κλαΐξαι) κλᾳ̃ξαι, pass. κλαιχθείς, fut. κλᾳξῶ (Theoc., Rhod.), backformed present ποτι-κλᾳγω (Heracl.), often with prefix, esp. ἀπο-, κατα-, συν-, `shut, block'. From there κλήϊθρον, κλῃ̃θρον, κλεῖθρον, κλᾳ̃θρον `lock, block' (IA. h. Merc. 146, Dor.) with κλειθρίον (Hero), κλειθρία `key-hole' (Luc.; cf. Scheller Oxytonierung 54), κλάϊστρον (Pi.), κλεῖστρον (Luc.) `lock', κλῃ̃σις, κλεῖσις (Th., Aen. Tact.), κλεῖσμα, κλεισμός (hell.; also ἀπόκλῃσις etc. from ἀπο-κλείω etc.); verbal adj. κληϊστός, κλῃστός, κλειστός (ep. IA.), κλαικτός ( κλᾳκτός) `what can be locked' (Argiv., Mess.). - On κλεισίον s. κλίνω.Etymology: Ion. Att. κλη(Ϝ)ῑ-δ- and Dor. κλᾱ(Ϝ)ῑ-κ- are dental- resp. velar enlargements of an ῑ-stem, which can still be seen in κληΐω. (Diff. Debrunner Mus. Helv. 3, 45ff.: κληΐω backformation from κληι̃̈̈ (δ)-σαι, from κληϊ̄δ-, cf. κληϊσ-τός). Att. κλεῖν can be easily explained (with Debrunner l. c.; also Schulze Kl. Schr. 419) as analogical to κλείς ( ναῦς: ναῦν a. o.). The ῑ-stem is based on a noun *κλᾱϜ(-ο)- like e. g. κνημί̄-δ- on κνήμη, χειρί̄-δ- on χείρ (Schwyzer 465, Chantraine Formation 346f.). - An exact agreement of the basic word can be found in Lat. clāvus `nail, pin', beside which, with the same meaning as the derived κληΐς, clāvis `key, block'; because of the semantic identity a loan from Greek has been considered, cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. and (rejecting) W.-Hofmann 1, 230. (But clātrī pl. `lattice-work' from pl. Dor. κλᾳ̃θρα). Further there is a Celtic word, e. g. OIr. clō, pl. clōi `nail' (Lat. LW [loanword]?). Slavic has a few words with an eu-diphthong, IE. *klē̆u-, e. g. OCS a. Russ. ključь `key', SCr. kljȕka `hook, ey, clamp'. - The original meaning of the word was prob. `nail, pin, hook', instruments, of old use for locking doors. - More forms in Pok. 604f., W.-Hofmann s. claudō, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. kliū́ti.Page in Frisk: 1,867-868Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κλείς
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35 κνύω
Grammatical information: v.Compounds: IEX [562] * knu- `scratch'?Derivatives: κνῦμα n. `scratching (Ar. Ek. 36, Gal. 19, 112) and `scratch': κνύος n. (Hes. Fr. 29, 1), κνῦσα f. (Herod. 7, 95 as term of abuse; cf. δεῖσα, μύξα a. o.; Chantraine Formation 100f.; Schwyzer 516f.), κνύζα (Philox. Gramm. ap. EM 523, 2, Eust.; cf. ἄζα, σκύζα, κνίζα a. o.). Note the H.-Glossen: κνύθος ἄκανθα μικρά, κνυθόν σμικρόν (cf. τυτθός, - όν and the plant-names in - θος in Chantraine 367f., Specht Ursprung 255); backformation κνῦ τὸ ἐλάχιστον, like γρῦ, βρῖ. - On κνόος, κνοῦς s. v.Etymology: Wie zu den sinn- und lautähnlichen κναίω, κνῆν, κνάπτω, κνίζω kann man auch zu κνύω aus den verwandten Sprachen, namentlich aus dem Germanischen und Baltischen anklingende Wörter heranziehen: ahd. hniuwan `zerstoßen, zerquetschen', mit ausgehendem Dental awno. hnjōđa `stoßen, schlagen, nieten', beide idg. qneu-, lett. knūdu und knūstu `jucken'. Weitere Formen m. Lit. WP. 1, 396f., Pok. 562f.; vgl. noch de Vries IF 62, 142f. Schwyzer 676 will für κνύω (wie entsprechend für κνῆν, κναίειν) ein altes ablautendes Wurzelpräsens *qnṓu-mi: *qnū̆-me ansetzen.Page in Frisk: 1,887Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κνύω
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36 κόρυζα
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `mucous discharge from the nostrils, rheum' (Hp., Gal., Luc.), metaph. `stupidity' (Luc., Lib.).Derivatives: κορυζώδης `with a cold' (Hp.), κορυζᾶς `id.' (Men. Fr. 1003; cf. Körte ad loc.), - ζάω `have a cold, be stupid' (Pl., Arist., Plb.), κορυζιᾳ̃ pipitat (Gloss.). - With intensifying βου-: βου-κόρυζα = ἡ μεγάλη κόρυζα (Men. Fr. 1003 from Suid.), βουκόρυζος ἀναίσθητος, ἀσύνετος H. - Further κορύναι and κροῦμαι μύξαι H. (correct?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Ending as κόνυζα (s. v.); without certain connection. Since Fick (s. Bq) one compares a German. word for `mucus', e. g. OE hrot, OHG (h)roz `mucus', which is a verbal noun of OE hrūtan, OHG hrūzzan `grumble, snore' (Pok. 571, 573?). Persson Beitr. 2, 886f. adduces also Lat. mūs-cerda `mouse-excrments' and - without dental like κορύναι - OWNo. hǫrr `mucus', OHG horo, - awes `excrements, dirt' etc. Not with Danielsson Gramm. u. et. Stud. 1, 31 to κόρυς referring to H.: κόρυζα... περὶ κεφαλην πάθος, clearly folk-etymology. See Specht Ursprung 118, 209, 232. If Pre-Greek, from *korudy-a?Page in Frisk: 1,924Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κόρυζα
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37 λέων
λέων, - οντοςGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `lion' (Il.), dat. pl. also λείουσι (Il.; metr. length., cf. Schwyzer 571, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 102),Dialectal forms: Myc. instr. rewopi \/lewomphi\/, rewotejo \/lewonteios\/Compounds: Compp., e.g λεοντό-πους `lionfooted' (E., inscr.) with λεοντο-πόδιον plantname (Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 42), χαμαι-λέων `lizard, `Chamaileon' (Arist.; Risch IF 59, 256), also as plantn. (Thphr., Dsc.; because of the changing colour, Strömberg 110); on - λέων, - λέωνος in PN (second.) Bechtel Hist. Personenn. 277. Cf. on λεό-παρδος.Derivatives: 1. Diminut.: λεόντ-ιον (Theognost. Can., Med.), - άριον (inscr., pap.), also as f. PN (Epicur), - ίς `lion-like ornament' (Lydia), - ιδεύς `young lion' (Ael., Boßhardt 126). 2. λεοντέη, - τῆ f. `lion skin' (IA.). - 3. Adj. λεόντ-ειος `of a lion, lionlike' (A., Theoc., AP), ; - ώδης `lionlike' (Pl., Arist.), - ικός `of a lion' (Porph.), - ιανός `born under the sign of a lion' ( Cat. Cod. Astr.). 4. Adv. λεοντ-ηδόν `like a lion' (LXX; Schwyzer 626). - 5. λεοντ-ιάω with - ίασις name of a disease (medic.; after ἐλεφαντ-ιάω, - ίασις). - 6. PN Λεοντ-εύς, - ίας etc., s. Boßhardt 72, Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 276 f., Namenst. 36. - Fem. λέαινα `lioness' (Hdt., A., Ar.). Acc. to λέαινα λέων was like δράκων a. o. orig. an n-stem (diff Specht KZ 63, 221: sec. loss of dental in λέαινα).Origin: LW [a loanword which is (probably) not of Pre-Greek origin] SemitXEtymology: LW [loanword] of unknown source; Hebr. lābī', Assyr. labbu, Egypt. labu are rather diff. phonetcally. From λέων Lat. leō, - ōnis (n-stem Lat. innovation); from there direct or indirectly the Europ. forms like OIr. leon (gen. pl.), OE. lēo, OHG lewo (from there Slav., e.g. Russ. lev, with Lith. lẽvas), second. louwo (\> Latv. laũva), Löwe. Details in W.-Hofrnann s. leō, Vasmer Wb. s. lev, Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 2, 18 f. - On itself stands λῖς ( λίς; on the acc. Berger Münch. Stud. 3, 6 f.), acc. λῖν m. `lion' (Il.; Schwyzer 570f.), already by Pott and Benfey compared with resembling Hebr. lajiš `lion'.Page in Frisk: 2,113Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λέων
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38 μισέω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `hate, loathe' (Pi., IA.);Other forms: aor. μισῆσαι (P 272), pass. μισηθῆναι (Hdt.), fut. pass. μισήσομαι (E.), - ηθήσομαι (LXX), perf. μεμίση-κα, - μαι (Att.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. δια-. ἀπο-. Very often as 1. member (oppos. φιλο-), e.g. μισό-θεος `who hates the gods' (A., Luc.), cf. Schwyzer 442.Derivatives: μίσημα n. `what is hated' (trag.), μίσηθρον (- τρον) `charm for producing hatred' (Luc., pap.; after στέργηθρον, Benveniste Origines 203), μισητός `hated, hateful' (A., X.), - ητικός `prone to hatred' (Arr.), μισήτιζε μίσει, στύγει H. Beside it with paroxytonon (after Ammon. 94) and with unclear change of meaning μισήτη f. `lascivious wench, whore' (Archil. [?], Cratin., μισητός... ἄπληστος H.) with μισητία `lasciviousness, unsatibale desire' (Ar., Procop.). -- μῖσος n. `hatred, enmity, grudge, object of hatred' (trag., Att.).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)Etymology: The date and the spread of attestations are not in favour of the usual assumption that μισέω is a denominative of μῖσος. Also the Hom. aor. μίσησεν for *μίσε(σ)σεν (analog. after φίλησεν?) tells against it. A convincing etymology has not been found; the connections with Lat. miser and mittō (s. Bq and W.-Hofmann s.v.) are not satisfactory, as is a basis *μίνθι̯ος to μίνθος (Pisani Rend. Acc. Linc. 6: 5, 218). Fur. 254 who objects to a suffix - σος, assumes a Pre-Greek word with assibilated dental.Page in Frisk: 2,243-244Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μισέω
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39 νάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stamp down, squeeze close, press together, stuff' (φ 122).Derivatives: Verbaladj. ναστός `pressed together, stuffed full' (medic., J.), substant. (sc. πλακοῦς) m. name of a cake (com.) with ναστίσκος m. (Pherecr.); also νακτός `pressed together' (Plu.); νακτά τοὺς πίλους καὶ τὰ ἐμπίλια H. -- Verbal subst. νάγμα n. `closely sqeezed stone-wall' (J.). From the attestations it is not clear, whether the verbal stem orig. ended in a velar ( νάξαι φ 122) or a dental ( νασ-τός from *νατ-τός?); perh. best is, to take ναστός and νένασμαι as analogical (after παστός, πέπασμαι?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etymology unknown; connection with νάκος `woollen skin' (s.v.) cannot be proven. Other combinations by Sommer Lautst. 57. -- Here as LW [loanword] Lat. naccae `fullones', perh. from *νάκται; further s. W.-Hofmann s.v. - The verb may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2, 291Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νάσσω
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40 νείφει
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `it snows' (Il.).Other forms: Aor. νεῖψαι, νειφθῆναι, fut. νείψει. Cf. νίφ-α f. acc. sg. `(falling) snow' (Hes. Op. 535).Compounds: Sometimes with prefix, e.g. κατα-. Compp., e.g. νιφ-ό-βολος `snow-covered' (Ar., E.), ἀγά-ννιφ-ος `with much snow' (A 420, Σ 186, Epich.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 64).Derivatives: 1. νιφ-άδες pl., also sg. νιφ-άς, - άδος f. `snow-flake, snowstorm' (Il., Pi., trag.), as adj. `rich in snow' (S.); 2. νιφ-ετός m. `falling snow, snowstorm' (Il., Arist.; Schwyzer 501, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 51 n.1; to be rejected Porzig Satzinhalte 245) with νιφετ-ώδης `connected with snow-fall' (Arist., Plb.); -- 3. νιφ-όεις `snowy, rich in snow' (Il.; on the formation Debrunner Άντίδωρον 28 f.).Etymology: The high-grade thematic root-present νείφει (νῑφέμεν M 280 wrong for νειφ-; Wackernagel Unt. 75), from which the other Greek verbal forms come, agrees with Av. snaēža- (e.g. subj. snaēžāt̃), OHG OE snīwan, Lith. sniẽg-a, -ti, perh. also Lat. nivit (only Pacuv., prob. ī), IE * sneigʷʰ-( eti ` it snows'; beside it with zero grade, also thematic, OIr. snigid `it drops, rains' (on the meaning below). A nasal present is found in Lat. ninguit = Lith. sniñga (: νείφει like linquō: λείπω, s.v.). Further, in meaning deviating, the zero-grade Skt. yotpresent sníhyati `gets wet, sticky', metaph. `finds affection', with sneha- `stickyness, affection etc.', with a shift of meaning from the mild climate as in Celtic (s. above); comparable in Greek, e.g. Nonn. D. 22, 283 αἵματι νείφεις of sticky blood, Lyc. 876 ὀμβρία νιφάς of rain-shower. Diff. Benveniste Μνήμης χάριν 1, 35 ff.: orig. meaning of IE * sneigʷʰ- `clot (together)'; thus Gonda KZ 72, 228 ff. One traces of the meaning `snow' in Mind. (Prākr. siṇeha- `snow' etc.) Turner BSOAS 18, 449ff. and 19, 375; s. Mayrhofer A.I.O.N. 1, 235). The noun acc. νίφ-α (nom. νιφετός, νιφάς, χιών; cf. Schwyzer 584) is identical with Lat. nix, nivis; IE * snigʷʰ-s ( ἀγά-ννιφ-ος \< *- snigʷʰ-); with dental enlargement (cf. νιφετός, but not identical) OIr. snechte `snow'; here prob. also νίβα χιόνα H. as Illyrian, Krahe IF 58, 133. Besides the o-stem IE * snoigʷho-s in Germ., e.g. Goth. snaiws, NHG Schnee, Slav., e.g. OCS sněgъ a.o. -- More forms in WP. 2, 695, Pok. 974, W.-Hofmann s. ninguit etc.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νείφει
См. также в других словарях:
dental — dental, ale, aux [ dɑ̃tal, o ] adj. • 1503; de dent 1 ♦ Vx Qui est relatif aux dents. ⇒ 2. dentaire. 2 ♦ (1690) Consonnes dentales, qui se prononcent en appliquant la langue contre les incisives supérieures. D [ d ], T [ t ] sont des consonnes… … Encyclopédie Universelle
dental — adjetivo 1. De los dientes: higiene dental, clínica dental. alveolo dental. caries* (dental). placa* dental. adjetivo,sustantivo femenino 1. Área: fonética [Consonante] que … Diccionario Salamanca de la Lengua Española
dental — dentál adj. m., pl. dentáli; f. sg. dentálă, pl. dentále Trimis de siveco, 26.04.2007. Sursa: Dicţionar ortografic DENTÁL dentală (dentali, dentale) şi substantival (despre consoane) Care se articulează prin apropierea vârfului limbii de dinţii … Dicționar Român
dental — den tal (d[e^]n tal), a. [L. dens, dentis, tooth: cf. F. dental. See {Tooth}.] 1. Of or pertaining to the teeth or to dentistry; as, dental surgery. [1913 Webster] 2. (Phon.) Formed by the aid of the teeth; said of certain articulations and the… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Dental — Sm mit Zunge und Zähnen gebildeter Laut per. Wortschatz fach. (18. Jh., Form 19. Jh.) Neoklassische Bildung. Neubildung des 19. Jhs. (l. dentālis) zu l. dēns (dentis) Zahn , zunächst in lateinischer Form als dentalis, dann endungslos. Ebenso… … Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen sprache
Dental — Den tal, n. [Cf. F. dentale. See {Dental}, a.] 1. An articulation or letter formed by the aid of the teeth. [1913 Webster] 2. (Zo[ o]l.) A marine mollusk of the genus {Dentalium}, with a curved conical shell resembling a tooth. See {Dentalium}.… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
dental — dental, ale (dan tal, ta l ) adj. 1° Terme d anatomie. Qui appartient aux dents. Nerfs dentaux. 2° Terme de grammaire. Lettres dentales, lettres qui ne peuvent être prononcées sans que la langue touche aux dents, telles que d, t, n, s. Les t… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
dental — 1590s, from M.Fr. dental of teeth or M.L. dentalis, from L. dens (gen. dentis) tooth, from PIE root *dent (see TOOTH (Cf. tooth)) … Etymology dictionary
dental — adj. 2 g. 1. Relativo aos dentes. 2. Diz se dos fonemas que se articulam apoiando a língua nos dentes, como na pronúncia de d, t, l, n. • s. m. 3. Aiveca do arado. • s. f. 4. Letra dental. 5. Dente do arado … Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa
dental — [dent′ l] adj. [ModL dentalis < L dens (gen. dentis), TOOTH] 1. of or for the teeth or dentistry 2. Phonet. articulated with the tip of the tongue against or near the front teeth: said as of (th) and (th) n. a dental consonant dentally adv … English World dictionary
Dental — Dentāl (lat.), die Zähne (dentes) betreffend. Dentāle (lat. dentāles), Zahnlaute, s. Laut … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon