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a+sense+of+shame

  • 1 αἰδέομαι

    αἰδ-έομαι, and poet. [full] αἴδομαι Hom., etc., [dialect] Ep. imper.
    A

    αἰδεῖο Il.24.503

    , Od.9.269; part.

    αἰδόμενος Hom.

    and Trag. (lyr.); imper.

    αἴδεο Il.21.74

    : [tense] impf.

    ᾐδοῦντο A.Pers. 810

    , etc.,

    αἰδέοντο Pi.P.9.41

    , poet.

    αἴδετο Il.21.468

    , APl.4.106: [tense] fut.

    αἰδέσομαι Il.22.124

    , [dialect] Att., [dialect] Ep.

    αἰδέσσομαι Od.14.388

    ;

    αἰδεσθήσομαι D.C.45.44

    , Gal.1.62, ([etym.] ἐπ-) E.IA 900: [tense] aor. [voice] Med. ᾐδεσάμην, [dialect] Ep.

    αἰδ- Od.21.28

    , [dialect] Att. (v. sub fin.), [dialect] Ep. imper.

    αἴδεσσαι Il.9.640

    ; [tense] aor. [voice] Pass.

    ᾐδέσθην Hom.

    , etc., and in Prose, [dialect] Ep.[ per.] 3pl.

    αἴδεσθεν Il.7.93

    : [tense] pf. ᾔδεσμαι (v. sub fin.): [voice] Act. only in καταἰδέω, q.v.:— to be ashamed, c. inf.,

    αἴδεσθεν μὲν ἀνήνασθαι δεῖσαν δ' ὑποδέχθαι Il.7.93

    ;

    αἰδέομαι δὲ μίσγεσθ' ἀθανάτοισι 24.90

    ;

    αἰ. γὰρ γυμνοῦσθαι Od.6.221

    : less freq. c. part.,

    αἴδεσαι μὲν πατέρα προλείπων S.Aj. 506

    , cf. Plu.Aem.35: c. dat.,

    μὴ αἰδοῦ τῷ εὐκόλῳ Philostr.Ep. 19

    : abs., αἰδεσθείς from a sense of shame, Il.17.95.
    2 mostly c. acc., stand in awe of, fear, esp. in moral sense,

    αἰδεῖο θεούς Il.24.503

    , Od.9.269;

    Τρῶας Il.6.442

    , cf. Od.2.65, etc.; ἀλλήλους αἰδεῖσθε show a sense of regard one for another, Il.5.530;

    οὐδὲ θεῶν ὄπιν αἰδέσατο Od.21.28

    ; αἴδεσσαι μέλαθρον respect the house, Il.9.640; freq. of respect for suppliants, Il.22.124, cf. Hdt.7.141;

    ἐχθρὸν ὧδ' αἰδεῖ νέκυν

    ;

    S.Aj. 1356

    ;

    τόνδ' ὅρκον αἰδεσθείς Id.OT 647

    , cf. 1426:—in Pi. P.4.173 αἰδεσθέντες ἀλκάν regarding their reputation for valour, i.e. from self-respect, cf.

    ἑωυτὸν μάλιστα αἰδεῖσθαι Democr.264

    : abs., τὸ αἰδεῖσθαι self-respect, Id.179; in Prose,,

    Δία αἰδεσθέντες Hdt.9.7

    . ά; φοβοῦμαί γε.. τοὺς μοχθηρούς ([etym.] οὐ γὰρ δήποτε εἴποιμ' ἂν ὥς γε αἰδοῦμαι) Pl.Lg. 886a, cf. Euthphr. 12b,Phdr. 254e; later

    αἰ. ἐπί τινι D.H.6.92

    ; ὑπὲρ τῆς ἀνθρωπίνης φύσεως have compassion upon, show mercy, Plu. Cim.2.
    II respect another's misfortune, feel regard for him,

    μηδέ τί μ' αἰδόμενος.. μηδ' ἐλεαίρων Od.3.96

    (cf. 1.2);

    αἰ. τὴν τῶν μηδὲν ἀδικούντων εὐσέβειαν Antipho 2.4.11

    ; esp.
    2 as [dialect] Att. law-term, to be reconciled to a person, of kinsmen who allow a homicide to return from exile, Lex ap.D.43.57;

    ἐὰν ἑλών τις ἀκουσίου φόνου.. αἰδέσηται καὶ ἀφῇ D.37.59

    , cf.38.22;

    αἰδούμενος Pl.Lg. 877a

    ;

    ᾐδεσμένος D.23.77

    .
    3 of the homicide, obtain forgiveness, D.23.72 codd. [suff] αἰδ-έσιμος, ον, exciting shame or respect, venerable, M.Ant.1.9 ([comp] Sup.), Aristid.2.99J. ([comp] Sup.), Hierocl. in CA13p.448M. ([comp] Comp.): c. dat., Aristid.Or.37(2).6; as honorary title, PFlor.15.6 (vi A. D.); τοῦ προσώπου τὸ αἰ. Luc.Nigr.26; holy, Paus.3.5.6. Adv. - μως reverently, Ael.NA2.25.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰδέομαι

  • 2 αἰσχύνη

    αἰσχύν-η [ῡ], ,
    A shame, dishonour,

    ἐς αἰσχύνην φέρει Hdt.1.10

    , cf. 3.133; αἰσχύνην φέρει, ἔχει, S.Tr.66, E.Andr. 244, etc.; αἰ. περιίσταταί με, συμβαίνει μοι, D.3.8, 18.85;

    αἰσχύνῃ πίπτειν S.Tr. 597

    ;

    περιπίπτειν X.HG7.3.9

    ;

    αἰσχύνην περιάπτειν τῇ πόλει Pl.Ap. 35a

    ;

    αἰ. προσβάλλειν τινί Id.Lg. 878c

    ;

    ἐν αἰ. ποιεῖν τὴν πόλιν D.18.136

    ;

    ἡ τῶν πραγμάτων αἰ. 1.27

    .
    2 αἰ. γυναικῶν dishonouring of women, Isoc.4.114 (pl.), 12.259 (pl.); γράφεσθαί τινα γένους αἰσχύνης for dishonour done to his race, Pl.Lg. 919e.
    3 concrete, of a person, αἰ. φίλοις, πάτρᾳ, Thgn.1272, A.Pers. 774;

    ἄνθρωπος αἰ. τῆς πόλεως γεγονώς Aeschin.3.241

    ; of a decree, ib.105.
    II shame for an ill deed, personified in A.Th. 409;

    Αἰσχύνην οὐ νομίσασα θεόν AP7.450

    (Diosc.).
    2 like αἰδώς, sense of shame, honour,

    πᾶσαν αἰ. ἀφείς S.Ph. 120

    ;

    ἡ γὰρ αἰ. < πάρος> τοῦ ζῆν.. νομίζεται E.Heracl. 200

    ; δι' αἰσχύνης ἔχειν τι to be ashamed of, Id.IT 683; αἰσχύνην ἔχειν τινός for a thing, S.El. 616;

    αἰ. ἐπί τινι Pl.Smp. 178d

    ;

    ὑπέρ τινος D.4.10

    ; joined with δέος, S.Aj. 1079; with ἔλεος and αἰδώς, Antipho 1.27 :—rare in pl.,

    πτήσσουσαν αἰσχύνῃσιν S.Fr.659.9

    ; ἐν αἰσχύναις ἔχω I hold it a shameful thing, E.Supp. 164.
    III later = αἰδοῖον, Sch.Ar.Eq. 365; cf. τὴν τοῦ σώματος αἰ. Alcid.ap Arist.Rh. 1406a29.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰσχύνη

  • 3 αἰσχύνω

    αἰσχύνω in our lit. only mid. and pass.; impf. ᾐσχυνόμην; 1 fut. αἰσχυνθήσομαι; 1 aor. pass. ᾐσχύνθην LXX, subj. αἰσχυνθῶ (Hom.+; ins, pap, LXX, Test12Patr; w. ptc. foll. Just., D. 123, 4).
    to have a sense of shame, be ashamed (SIG 1168, 122; UPZ 62, 27 [161 B.C.] οὐκέτι ἥκει πρὸς ἐμὲ αἰσχυνθείς; Philo, Spec. Leg. 1, 321; Did., Gen. 84, 28) w. inf. foll. (Aeschyl., Hdt.; UPZ 62, 24; Sir 4:26; 22:25; Sus 11 Theod.; Jos., Ant. 13, 327) ἐπαιτεῖν Lk 16:3. μετʼ αὐτῶν μένειν Hs 9, 11, 3. ἐξ αὐτῶν λέγεσθαι be called one of them IRo 9:2. Abs. (Gen 2:25) 1 Pt 3:16 P72; 4:16; IEph 11:1 (perh. be reverent). αἰ̣σχύ(ν)|θ̣ω̣[μεν] let us be ashamed (of criticizing Mary) GMary 463, 25–26. ὅταν ἐκδύσησθε καὶ μὴ αἰσχυνθῆτε when you shall be stripped and not be ashamed Ox 655, 22f (ASyn. 67, 35).
    to experience shame, be put to shame, be disgraced i.e. (as LXX for בּוֹשׁ) be disappointed in a hope (opp. παρρησία) Phil 1:20; 2 Cor 10:8. ἀπό τινος (Is 1:29 v.l.; Jer 12:13; cp. Sir 41:17) before someone 1J 2:28.—DELG s.v. αἶσχος. M-M. s.v. αἰσχύνομαι. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > αἰσχύνω

  • 4 ἐντρεπτικός

    A fit to put one to shame, Ael.NA3.1; τὸ ἐ. the sense of shame, Arr.Epict.1.5.3, 9.
    II commanding respect, Herm. in Phdr.p.72A.
    III Adv. -κῶς· ἐλεγκτικῶς, Hsch.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐντρεπτικός

  • 5 ἐπαισχύνομαι

    ἐπαισχ-ύνομαι, [tense] fut. -αισχυνθήσομαι,
    A to be ashamed at or of,

    τῷ οὐνόματι Hdt.1.143

    ; τινά or τι, X.HG4.1.34, Pl.Sph. 247c: c. inf., to be ashamed to do, A.Ag. 1373: c. part., to be ashamed of doing or having done a thing, Hdt. 1.90, S.Aj. 1307, Ph. 929, etc.: abs., feel shame, show a sense of shame, Pl.R. 573b, Men.625.
    II late in [voice] Act., make ugly, mar, Nonn.D. 20.61, 42.421.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπαισχύνομαι

  • 6 κρυπτός

    κρυπτός, ή, όν (s. κρύπτω; Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; TestReub 1:4; TestJud 12:5; JosAs 6:3 [also cod. A 24:5 p. 76, 14 λόγος])
    pert. to being unknown because of being kept secret, hidden, secret, adj. (Herodian 5, 6, 3 κ. καὶ ἀόρατος; SIG 973, 5f; BGU 316, 28; 3 Km 6:4; Ezk 40:16; 2 Macc 1:16; Jos., Ant. 15, 424; τὰ κρυπτὰ τῆς φύσεως μυστήρια Hippol., Ref. 1, 24, 2) ὁ κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος the heart’s inner self 1 Pt 3:4 (s. ἄνθρωπος 5a; cp. Epict. 4, 11, 33). οὐδὲν … κ. ὸ̔ οὐ γνωσθήσεται there is nothing secret that shall not be made known Mt 10:26; Lk 12:2; cp. Mk 4:22 (Philemon Com. 192 χρόνος τὰ κρυπτὰ πάντα εἰς φάος ἄγει; JosAs 6:3 οὐδὲν κρυπτὸν λέληθεν αὐτῷ).
    a hidden entity, something hidden, subst. τὸ κρυπτόν
    a hidden thing (Menand., Mon. 225 Mei. [316 J.]; Did., Gen. 171, 1) Lk 8:17. Esp. in pl. τὰ κρυπτά (Dt 29:28; Is 29:10; Sus 42 Theod.; Jos., Bell. 5, 402; 413 ὁ θεὸς τὰ κ. πάντα ἐφορᾷ) τὰ κ. ἐλέγχει it exposes the secret things (so, word for word, Artem. 1, 14 p. 19, 4 and 1, 44 p. 42, 8) IPhld 7:1. τὰ κ. τινος someone’s secret thoughts, plans, purposes (Philemon Com. 233 φίλου; Iambl., Myst. 6, 5 Partey; PGM 57, 13 τὰ κ. τ. θεᾶς Ἴσιδος; Sir 1:30; Jer 30:4) Ro 2:16; IEph 15:3; IPhld 9:1. τὰ κ. τῆς καρδίας αὐτοῦ (TestReub 1:4 ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ μου τὰ κ.; cp. Is 22:9 τὰ κ. τῶν οἴκων τῆς ἄκρας) the secret thoughts of the person’s (unbeliever’s) heart 1 Cor 14:25; cp. Pol 4:3. τὰ κ. τοῦ σκότους what is hidden in darkness 1 Cor 4:5. τὰ κ. τῆς αἰσχύνης the things that are hidden out of a sense of shame 2 Cor 4:2 (on the topic s. RKaster, The Shame of the Romans: TAPA 127, ’97, 1–19 [lit.]).
    a hidden place ἐν τῷ κ. in secret (Vi. Aesopi W 104 P.; Orig., C. Cels. 8, 74, 4) Mt 6:4ab, 6ab, 18 v.l.; ἐν κ. in a secret place J 7:4; 18:20; in secret, secretly (TestJud 12:5; Orig., C. Cels. 7, 22, 31) ὁ ἐν τῷ κ. Ἰουδαῖος the Judean who is one inwardly, not only by the outward sign of circumcision Ro 2:29; ἀνέβη ὡς ἐν κ. he went up privately, as it were J 7:10.—On Lk 11:33 v.l. s. κρύπτη.—DELG s.v. κρύπτω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > κρυπτός

  • 7 ἀπεῖπον

    ἀπεῖπον (s. εἶπον) 2 aor. (no present in use; LXX; Just.; Ath. 1:4), to which (since Hdt.; O. Wilck II, 1156, 3f; LXX; Nägeli 23) the mid. ἀπειπάμην belongs (on the form s. W-S. §13, 13 note); perf. pass. ptc. ἀπειρημένος ‘forbidden’ (4 Macc 1:33); inf. ἀπειρῆσθαι (Just., A I, 29, 2).
    forbid, act. Ox 1224 Fgm. 2 verso I, 2.
    disown, renounce τὶ, mid. (cp. Hdt. 4, 120 συμμαχίην; Polyb. 33, 12, 5 φιλίαν; Job 6:14) ἀπειπάμεθα τὰ κρυπτὰ τ. αἰσχύνης we have renounced the things that one hides out of a sense of shame 2 Cor 4:2.—DELG s.v. ἔπος. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπεῖπον

  • 8 αἰσχύνη

    -ης + N 1 0-7-29-25-23=84 1 Sm 20,30(bis); 2 Sm 23,7; 1 Kgs 18,19.25
    shame, dishonour, disgrace 1 Sm 20,30; feeling of shame, shamefulness Sir 4,21 (primo); feeling of shame, sense of honour (pos.) Sir 4,21(secundo); shame for [τινος] 2 Mc 5,7; pudenda, sexual parts Na 3,5
    ἐποίησεν αἰσχύνην μία γυνὴ εἰς τὸν οἶκον a woman brought shame upon the house Jdt 14,18
    *2 Sm 23,7 αἰσχύνην shame-תשׁב for MT בתשׁ/ב בשׁי in the sitting?; *1 Kgs 18,19 τῆς αἰσχύνης of shame-תשׁב for MT בעל Baal (contemptuous deformation of name), see also 18,25; *Is 47,10 σοὶ αἰσχύνη shame for you-תךשׁבו for MT ובבתךשׁ led you astray
    Cf. SHIPP 1979, 49; →NIDNTT; TWNT

    Lust (λαγνεία) > αἰσχύνη

  • 9 αἰδώς

    αἰδώς, όος, [var] contr. οῦς, η (late nom. pl. αἰδοί Sch.E.Hipp. 386), as a moral feeling,
    A reverence, awe, respect for the feeling or opinion of others or for one's own conscience, and so shame, self-respect (in full

    ἑαυτοῦ αἰδώς Hierocl. in CA9p.433M.

    ), sense of honour,

    αἰδῶ θέσθ' ἐνὶ θυμῷ Il.15.561

    ; ἴσχε γὰρ αἰ. καὶ δέος ib. 657, cf. Sapph.28, Democr. 179, etc.;

    αἰ. σωφροσύνης πλεῖστον μετέχει, αἰσχύνης δὲ εὐψυχία Th. 1.84

    , cf. E.Supp. 911, Arist.EN 1108a32, etc.;

    αἰδοῖ μειλιχίῃ Od.8.172

    ; so

    ἀλλά με κωλύει αἴδως Alc.55

    (Sapphus est versus);

    ἅμα κιθῶνι ἐκδυομένῳ συνεκδύεται καὶ τὴν αἰδῶ γυνή Hdt.1.8

    ; δακρύων πένθιμον αἰδῶ tears of grief and shame, A.Supp. 579;

    αἰ. τίς μ' ἔχει Pl. Sph. 217d

    ;

    αἰ. καὶ δίκη Id.Prt. 322c

    ;

    αἰδοῦς ἐμπίπλασθαι X.Cyr.1.4.4

    ; sobriety, moderation, Pi.O.13.115;

    αἰδῶ λαβεῖν S.Aj. 345

    .
    2 regard for others, respect, reverence,

    αἰδοῦς οὐδεμιῆς ἔτυχον Thgn.1266

    , cf. E.Heracl. 460; αἰ. τοκέων respect for them, Pi.P.4.218; τὴν ἐμὴν αἰδῶ respect for me, A.Pers. 699; regard for friends,

    αἰδοῦς ἀχαλκεύτοισιν ἔζευκται πέδαις E.Fr. 595

    ; esp. regard for the helpless, compassion,

    αἰδοῦς κῦρσαι S.OC 247

    ; forgiveness, Antipho 1.26, Pl.Lg. 867e (cf.

    αἰδέομαι 11.2

    ).
    1 shame, scandal,

    αἰδώς, Ἀργεῖοι, κάκ' ἐλέγχεα Il.5.787

    , etc.; αἰδώς, ὦ Λύκιοι· πόσε φεύγετε; 16.422;

    αἰδὼς μὲν νῦν ἥδε.. 17.336

    .
    2 = τὰ αἰδοῖα, Il.2.262, Arat.493, D.H.7.72.
    3 dignity, majesty

    αἰ. καὶ χάρις h.Cer. 214

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰδώς

  • 10 ὕβρις

    ὕβρις, εως, ἡ (s. prec. and next entry; Hom.+)
    the quality or state of being insolent, insolence, arrogance, the act. sense (Appian, Basil. 5 §2 καθʼ ὕβριν=out of arrogance; Pr 11:2; 29:23; Is 9:8; Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 186; Jos., Ant. 6, 61; Tat., Ath.) ὕβρ. ὑπερηφάνων 1 Cl 59:3 (ὕβρ. w. ὑπερηφανία: Ael. Aristid. 28, 101 K.=49 p. 524 D.; Paroem. Gr.: Zenob. [II A.D.] 5, 44. Also ὑβριστικῶς κ. ὑπερηφάνως Diod S 16, 41, 2).
    the experience of insolence, shame, insult, mistreatment, the pass. sense (PEleph 1, 8 [311 B.C.] ἐφʼ ὕβρει=for insult, for outrage; PMagd 24 verso; PsSol 2:26f; JosAs 28:14 Philonenko [Bat. p. 84, 7]; SibOr 3, 529; Philo, In Flacc. 58; Just.; Celsus 4, 46) ὕβριν ὑποφέρειν Hm 8:10. ὕβριν ποιεῖν τινι do harm to someone Hs 9, 11, 8 (JosAs 23:13). Pl. mistreatment (Polyb. 6, 8, 5; 10, 37, 8; 11, 5, 7; Sb 5235, 12 [I A.D.] ὕβρεις καὶ πληγάς; PLond II, 358, 8 p. 172 [II A.D.]; Sir 10:8; SibOr 4, 164.—‘Chastisements’ Theoph. Ant. 2, 25 [p. 162, 7]) 2 Cor 12:10.
    damage caused by use of force, fig. hardship, disaster, damage caused by the elements (Pind., P. 1, 72 [140]; Anth. Pal. 7, 291, 4 δείσασα θαλάττης ὕβριν; Jos., Ant. 3, 133 τὴν ἀπὸ τῶν ὄμβρων ὕβριν) w. ζημία Ac 27:10 (μετὰ ὕβ. as SIG 780, 18; 30; 3 Macc 3:25; JosAs 7:5; Jos., Ant. 1, 60), 21. Of Judas’ illness εἰς ὕβριν to (his) shame Papias (3:2).—DMacDowell, Hybris in Athens: Greece and Rome 2 ser. 23, ’76, 14–31; NFisher, Hybris and Dishonour, pt. I: ibid., 177–93; pt. II, ibid., ’79, 32–47; PMarshall, Hybrists not Gnostics in Corinth: SBLSP 23, ’84, 275–87; DCohen, Sexuality, Violence, and the Athenian Law of Hybris: Greece and Rome 38, ’91, 171–88; JHooker, The Original Meaning of ὕβρις: Archiv f. Begriffsgeschichte 19, ’75, 125–37; s. lit. cited by CBrown, Mnemosyne 49, ’96, 7 n. 13.—Schmidt, Syn. IV 273–80. DELG. M-M. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὕβρις

  • 11 ἐντρέπω

    ἐντρέπω pass.: 2 fut. ἐντραπήσομαι; 2 aor. ἐνετράπην; pf. ἐντέτραμμαι 1 Esdr 8:71 (s. τρέπω; Hom. et al.; pap, LXX, Joseph.) prim. ‘turn about’; in our lit. metaph.
    to cause to turn (in shame), to shame (τινά) (Diog. L. 2, 29; Aelian, VH 3, 17; Sext. Emp., Psych. 3, 16) οὐκ ἐντρέπων ὑμᾶς γράφω ταῦτα I write this not to make you ashamed 1 Cor 4:14. Pass. be put to shame, be ashamed (UPZ 62, 29 [161/160 B.C.]; 70, 4; Ps 34:26; Is 44:11) 2 Th 3:14; Tit 2:8; IMg 12.
    to show deference to a pers. in recognition of special status, turn toward someth./someone, have regard for, respect τινά 1 Cl 38:2 v.l. Pass. w. mid. sense (Alexis Com. 71 ed. Kock II 320; Polyb. 9, 36, 10; 30, 9, 2; Diod S 19, 7, 4 θεούς; Ex 10:3; Wsd 2:10; 6:7; Jos., Bell. 7, 362) τὸν υἱόν μου Mt 21:37; Mk 12:6; Lk 20:13. ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος who showed deference to no human (paralleling the judge’s attitude toward God vs. 3a) 18:2, cp. vs. 4 (cp. Pla., Laws 11, 917b). ὡς ἀδελφήν respect someone as a sister Hv 1, 1, 7. τὸν κύριον Ἰησοῦν 1 Cl 21:6. τὸν ἰσχυρόν 38:2 (s. also v.l. above). ἀλλήλους IMg 6:2. τοὺς διακόνους ὡς Ἰησοῦν ITr 3:1; cp. ISm 8:1; ITr 3:2. W. αὐτούς to be supplied fr. the context: ἐντρεπόμεθα Hb 12:9.—DELG s.v. τρέπω. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐντρέπω

  • 12 ἀπό

    ἀπό (Hom.+) prep. w. gen. (see the lit. on ἀνά, beg., also for ἀπό: KDieterich, IndogF 24, 1909, 93–158; LfgrE s.v.). Basic sense ‘separation from’ someone or someth., fr. which the other uses have developed. In the NT it has encroached on the domain of Att. ἐκ, ὑπό, παρά, and the gen. of separation; s. Mlt. 102; 246; Mlt-Turner 258f.
    a marker to indicate separation from a place, whether person or thing, from, away from
    w. all verbs denoting motion, esp. those compounded w. ἀπό: ἀπάγεσθαι, ἀπαλλάσσεσθαι, ἀπελαύνειν, ἀπέρχεσθαι, ἀπολύεσθαι, ἀποπλανᾶσθαι, ἀποστέλλειν, ἀποφεύγειν, ἀποχωρεῖν, ἀποχωρίζεσθαι; but also w. ἀνίστασθαι, διαστῆναι, διέρχεσθαι, ἐκδημεῖν, ἐκκινεῖν, ἐκπλεῖν, ἐκπορεύεσθαι, ἐξέρχεσθαι, ἐξωθεῖν, ἐπιδιδόναι, μεταβαίνειν, μετατίθεσθαι, νοσφίζειν, παραγίνεσθαι, πλανᾶσθαι, πορεύεσθαι, ὑπάγειν, ὑποστρέφειν, φεύγειν; s. the entries in question.
    w. all verbs expressing the idea of separation ἐκβάλλειν τὸ κάρφος ἀ. τοῦ ὀφθαλμοῦ remove the splinter fr. the eye Mt 7:4 v.l. (for ἐκ). ἐξέβαλον ἀπὸ τῆς πήρας αὐτῶν δῶρα they set forth gifts out of their travel bags GJs 21:3. ἀπολύεσθαι ἀ. ἀνδρός be divorced fr. her husband Lk 16:18, cp. Ac 15:33. ἀποκυλίειν, ἀπολαμβάνεσθαι, ἀποστρέφειν, ἐπιστρέφεσθαι, ἐπανάγειν, αἴρειν, ἀφαιρεῖν, ἀπολέσθαι, μερίζειν et al., s. the pertinent entries. So also κενὸς ἀ. τινος Hs 9, 19, 2. ἔρημος ἀ. τινος (Jer 51:2) 2 Cl 2:3. W. verbs which express the concept of separation in the wider sense, like loose, free, acquit et al. ἀπορφανίζειν, ἀποσπᾶν, διεγείρεσθαι, δικαιοῦν, ἐκδικοῦν, ἐλευθεροῦν, λούειν, λύειν, λυτροῦν, ῥαντίζειν, σαλεύειν, στέλλειν, σῴζειν, φθείρειν, s. the entries; hence also ἀθῷος (Sus 46 Theod. v.l.) Mt 27:24. καθαρὸς ἀ. τινος (Tob 3:14; but s. Dssm. NB 24 [BS 196; 216]) Ac 20:26; cp. Kuhring 54.
    verbs meaning be on guard, be ashamed, etc., take ἀπό to express the occasion or object of their caution, shame, or fear; so αἰσχύνεσθαι, βλέπειν, μετανοεῖν, προσέχειν, φοβεῖσθαι, φυλάσσειν, φυλάσσεσθαι; s. 5 below.
    w. verbs of concealing, hiding, hindering, the pers. from whom someth. is concealed is found w. ἀπό; so κρύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, παρακαλύπτειν τι ἀπό τινος, κωλύειν τι ἀπό τινος; s. the entries.
    in pregnant constr. like ἀνάθεμα εἶναι ἀ. τοῦ Χριστοῦ be separated fr. Christ by a curse Ro 9:3. μετανοεῖν ἀ. τ. κακίας (Jer 8:6) Ac 8:22. ἀποθνῄσκειν ἀ. τινος through death become free from Col 2:20. φθείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. ἁπλότητος be ruinously diverted from wholehearted commitment 2 Cor 11:3. Cp. Hs 6, 2, 4.
    as a substitute for the partitive gen. (Hdt. 6, 27, 2; Thu. 7, 87, 6; PPetr III, 11, 20; PIand 8, 6; Kuhring 20; Rossberg 22; Johannessohn, Präp. 17) τίνα ἀ. τῶν δύο; Mt 27:21, cp. Lk 9:38; 19:39 (like PTebt 299, 13; 1 Macc 1:13; 3:24; Sir 6:6; 46:8). τὰ ἀ. τοῦ πλοίου pieces of the ship Ac 27:44. ἐκχεῶ ἀ. τοῦ πνεύματός μου Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f). λαμβάνειν ἀ. τ. καρπῶν get a share of the vintage Mk 12:2 (cp. Just., A I, 65, 5 μεταλαβεῖν ἀπὸ τοῦ … ἄρτου).—Of foods (as in Da 1:13, 4:33a; 2 Macc 7:1) ἐσθίειν ἀ. τ. ψιχίων eat some of the crumbs Mt 15:27; Mk 7:28. χορτάζεσθαι ἀ. τινος eat one’s fill of someth. Lk 16:21. αἴρειν ἀ. τῶν ἰχθύων pick up the remnants of the fish Mk 6:43. ἐνέγκατε ἀ. τ. ὀψαρίων bring some of the fish J 21:10 (the only instance of this usage in J; s. M-EBoismard, Le chapitre 21 de Saint Jean: RB 54 [’47] 492).—Of drink (cp. Sir 26:12) πίνειν ἀπὸ τ. γενήματος τῆς ἀμπέλου drink the product of the vine Lk 22:18.
    to indicate the point from which someth. begins, whether lit. or fig.
    of place from, out from (Just., D. 86, 1 ἀπὸ τῆς πέτρας ὕδωρ ἀναβλύσαν ‘gushing out of the rock’) σημεῖον ἀ. τ. οὐρανοῦ a sign fr. heaven Mk 8:11. ἀ. πόλεως εἰς πόλιν from one city to another Mt 23:34. ἀπʼ ἄκρων οὐρανῶν ἕως ἄκρων αὐτῶν (Dt 30:4; Ps 18:7) from one end of heaven to the other 24:31, cp. Mk 13:27. ἀπʼ ἄνωθεν ἕως κάτω from top to bottom Mt 27:51. ἀρξάμενοι ἀ. Ἰερουσαλήμ beginning in Jerusalem Lk 24:47 (s. also Lk 23:5; Ac 1:22; 10:37). ἀφʼ ὑμῶν ἐξήχηται ὁ λόγος τ. κυρίου the word of the Lord has gone out from you and sounded forth 1 Th 1:8. ἀπὸ βορρᾶ, ἀπὸ νότου in the north, in the south (PCairGoodsp 6, 5 [129 B.C.] ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ νότου πεδίῳ; Mitt-Wilck. I/2, 11A col. 1, 12f [123 B.C.] τὸ ἀπὸ νότου τῆς πόλεως χῶμα; ln. 7 ἀπὸ βορρᾶ τῆς πόλεως; 70, 16 al.; Josh 18:5; 19:34; 1 Km 14:5) Rv 21:13.
    of time from … (on), since (POxy 523, 4; Mel., HE 4, 26, 8; s. Kuhring 54ff).
    α. ἀ. τῶν ἡμερῶν Ἰωάννου from the days of John Mt 11:12. ἀ. τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης 9:22. ἀπʼ ἐκείνης τ. ἡμέρας (Jos., Bell. 4, 318, Ant. 7, 382) Mt 22:46; J 11:53. ἔτη ἑπτὰ ἀ. τῆς παρθενίας αὐτῆς for seven years fr. the time she was a virgin Lk 2:36. ἀ. ἐτῶν δώδεκα for 12 years 8:43. ἀ. τρίτης ὥρας τῆς νυκτός Ac 23:23. ἀ. κτίσεως κόσμου Ro 1:20. ἀ. πέρυσι since last year, a year ago 2 Cor 8:10; 9:2.—ἀπʼ αἰῶνος, ἀπʼ ἀρχῆς, ἀπʼ ἄρτι (also ἀπαρτί and ἄρτι), ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, ἀπὸ τότε, ἀπὸ τοῦ νῦν; s. the pertinent entries.
    β. w. the limits defined, forward and backward: ἀπὸ … ἕως (Jos., Ant. 6, 364) Mt 27:45. ἀπὸ … ἄχρι Phil 1:5. ἀπὸ … μέχρι Ac 10:30; Ro 5:14; 15:19.
    γ. ἀφʼ ἧς (sc. ὥρας or ἡμέρας, which is found Col 1:6, 9; but ἀφʼ ἧς became a fixed formula: ParJer 7:28; Plut., Pelop. [285] 15, 5; s. B-D-F §241, 2) since Lk 7:45 (Renehan ’75, 36f); Ac 24:11; 2 Pt 3:4 (cp. X., Hell. 4, 6, 6; 1 Macc 1:11). ἀφʼ οὗ (sc.—as in X., Cyr. 1, 2, 13—χρόνου; Att. ins in Meisterhans.3-Schw. and s. Witkowski, index 163; ἀφʼ οὗ is also a formula) since, when once (X., Symp. 4, 62; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 16 Jac.; Lucian, Dial. Mar. 15, 1; Ex 5:23 GrBar 3:6) Lk 13:25; 24:21; Rv 16:18 (cp. Da 12:1; 1 Macc 9:29; 16:24; 2 Macc 1:7; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 23; GrBar; Jos., Ant. 4, 78). τρία ἔτη ἀφʼ οὗ (cp. Tob 5:35 S) Lk 13:7. ἀφότε s. ὅτε 1aγ end.
    the beg. of a series from … (on).
    α. ἀρξάμενος ἀ. Μωϋσέως καὶ ἀ. πάντων τ. προφητῶν beginning w. Moses and all the prophets Lk 24:27. ἕβδομος ἀ. Ἀδάμ Jd 14 (Diod S 1, 50, 3 ὄγδοος ὁ ἀπὸ τοῦ πατρός [ancestor]; Appian, Mithrid. 9 §29 τὸν ἕκτον ἀπὸ τοῦ πρώτου Μιθριδάτην; Arrian, Anab. 7, 12, 4; Diog. L. 3, 1: Plato in the line of descent was ἕκτος ἀπὸ Σόλωνος; Biogr. p. 31: Homer δέκατος ἀπὸ Μουσαίου). ἀ. διετοῦς καὶ κατωτέρω Mt 2:16 (cp. Num 1:20; 2 Esdr 3:8).
    β. w. both beg. and end given ἀπὸ … ἕως (Sir 18:26; 1 Macc 9:13) Mt 1:17; 23:35; Ac 8:10. Sim., ἀ. δόξης εἰς δόξαν fr. glory to glory 2 Cor 3:18.
    to indicate origin or source, from
    lit., with verbs of motion
    α. down from πίπτειν ἀ. τραπέζης Mt 15:27. καθεῖλεν δυνάστας ἀ. θρόνων God has dethroned rulers Lk 1:52.
    β. from ἔρχεσθαι ἀ. θεοῦ J 3:2; cp. 13:3; 16:30. παραγίνεται ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας Mt 3:13; ἀ. ἀνατολῶν ἥξουσιν 8:11 (Is 49:12; 59:19); ἀ. τοῦ ἱεροῦ ἐπορεύετο 24:1; ἀ. Παμφυλίας Ac 15:38. ἐγείρεσθαι ἀ. τ. νεκρῶν be raised from the dead Mt 14:2.
    lit., to indicate someone’s local origin from (Hom. et al.; Soph., El. 701; Hdt. 8, 114; ins [RevArch 4 sér. IV 1904 p. 9 ἀπὸ Θεσσαλονίκης]; pap [HBraunert, Binnenwanderung ’64, 384, s.v.; PFlor 14, 2; 15, 5; 17, 4; 22, 13 al.]; Judg 12:8; 13:2; 17:1 [all three acc. to B]; 2 Km 23:20 al.; Jos., Bell. 3, 422, Vi. 217; Just., A I, 1 τῶν ἀπὸ Φλαουί̈ας Νέας πόλεως; s. B-D-F §209, 3; Rob. 578) ἦν ἀ. Βηθσαϊδά he was from B. J 1:44; cp. 12:21. ὄχλοι ἀ. τῆς Γαλιλαίας crowds fr. Galilee Mt 4:25. ἄνδρες ἀ. παντὸς ἔθνους Ac 2:5. ἀνὴρ ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου a man fr. the crowd Lk 9:38. ὁ προφήτης ὁ ἀ. Ναζαρέθ Mt 21:11. οἱ ἀ. Κιλικίας the Cilicians Ac 6:9. οἱ ἀδελφοὶ οἱ ἀ. Ἰόππης 10:23 (Musaeus 153 παρθένος ἀπʼ Ἀρκαδίας; Just., A I, 58, 1 Μακρίωνα … τὸν ἀπὸ Πόντου). οἱ ἀ. Θεσσαλονίκης Ἰουδαῖοι 17:13. οἱ ἀ. τῆς Ἰταλίας the Italians Hb 13:24, who could be inside as well as outside Italy (cp. Dssm., Her. 33, 1898, 344, LO 167, 1 [LAE 200, 3]; Mlt. 237; B-D-F §437).—Rather denoting close association οἱ ἀ. τῆς ἐκκλησίας members of the church Ac 12:1; likew. 15:5 (cp. Plut., Cato Min. 4, 2 οἱ ἀπὸ τ. στοᾶς φιλόσοφοι; Ps.-Demetr. c. 68 οἱ ἀπʼ αὐτοῦ=his [Isocrates’] pupils; Synes., Ep. 4 p. 162b; 66 p. 206c; PTebt 33, 3 [112 B.C.], Ῥωμαῖος τῶν ἀπὸ συγκλήτου; Ar. 15, 1 Χριστιανοὶ γενεαλογοῦνται ἀπὸ … Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ; Ath.).—To indicate origin in the sense of material fr. which someth. is made (Hdt. 7, 65; Theocr. 15, 117; IPriene 117, 72 ἀπὸ χρυσοῦ; 1 Esdr 8:56; Sir 43:20 v.l.) ἔνδυμα ἀ. τριχῶν καμήλου clothing made of camel’s hair Mt 3:4.
    fig., w. verbs of asking, desiring, to denote the pers. of or from whom a thing is asked (Ar. 11, 3): δανίσασθαι ἀπό τινος borrow fr. someone Mt 5:42. ἐκζητεῖν ἀ. τῆς γενεᾶς ταύτης Lk 11:51. ἀπαιτεῖν τι ἀπό τινος Lk 12:20. ζητεῖν τι ἀπό τινος 1 Th 2:6. λαμβάνειν τι ἀπό τινος Mt 17:25f; 3J 7.
    fig., w. verbs of perceiving, to indicate source of the perception (Lysias, Andoc. 6; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 6, 399b ἀπʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἔργων θεωρεῖται ὁ θεός; Appian, Liby. 104 §493 ἀπὸ τῆς σφραγῖδος=[recognize a corpse] by the seal-ring; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 2, 1 στοχάζεσθαι ἀπὸ τῶν ὀνομάτων; Just., D. 60, 1 τοῦτο νοοῦμεν ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τῶν προλελεγμένων; 100, 2 ἀπὸ τῶν γραφῶν): ἀ. τῶν καρπῶν αὐτῶν ἐπιγνώσεσθε αὐτούς by their fruits you will know them Mt 7:16, 20. μανθάνειν παραβολὴν ἀ. τῆς συκῆς learn a lesson from the fig tree 24:32; Mk 13:28. ἀπὸ τῶν σπερμάτων μὴ ποιεῖσθαι τὴν παραβολήν if we are not to derive our parable solely from reference to seeds (cp. 1 Cor 15:37) AcPlCor 2:28.—Also μανθάνειν τι ἀπό τινος learn someth. fr. someone Gal 3:2; Col 1:7.
    γράψαι ἀφʼ ὧν ἠδυνήθην, lit., write from what I was able, i.e. as well as I could B 21:9 (cp. Tat. 12, 5 οὐκ ἀπὸ γλώττης οὐδὲ ἀπὸ τῶν εἰκότων οὐδὲ ἀπʼ ἐννοιῶν etc.).
    to indicate distance fr. a point, away from, for μακρὰν ἀ. τινος far fr. someone, ἀπὸ μακρόθεν fr. a great distance s. μακράν, μακρόθεν. ἀπέχειν ἀπό τινος s. ἀπέχω 4. W. detailed measurements (corresp. to Lat. ‘a’, s. B-D-F §161, 1; Rob. 575; WSchulze, Graeca Latina 1901, 15ff; Hdb. on J 11:18; Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 12 §42; CB I/2, 390 no. 248) ἦν Βηθανία ἐγγὺς τῶν Ἱεροσολύμων ὡς ἀπὸ σταδίων δεκατέντε Bethany was near Jerusalem, about 15 stades (less than 3 km.) away J 11:18. ὡς ἀπὸ πηχῶν διακοσίων about 200 cubits (c. 90 meters) 21:8. ἀπὸ σταδίων χιλίων ἑξακοσίων about 1600 stades (c. 320 km.) Rv 14:20; cp. Hv 4, 1, 5 (for other examples of this usage, s. Rydbeck 68).—Hebraistically ἀπὸ προσώπου τινός (Gen 16:6; Jer 4:26; Jdth 2:14; Sir 21:2; 1 Macc 5:34; En 103:4; Just., A I, 37, 1 ἀπὸ προσώπου τοῦ πατρὸς ἐλέχθησαν διὰ Ἠσαίου … οἵδε οἱ λόγοι ‘in the name of the father … through Isaiah’; 38, 1 al.)=מִפְּנֵי פ׳ ( away) from the presence of someone 2 Th 1:9 (Is 2:10, 19, 21); Rv 12:14 (B-D-F §140; 217, 1; Mlt-H. 466).
    to indicate cause, means, or outcome
    gener., to show the reason for someth. because of, as a result of, for (numerous ref. in FBleek on Hb 5:7; PFay 111, 4; POxy 3314, 7 [from falling off a horse]; Jdth 2:20; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]; AscIs 3:13; Jos., Ant. 9, 56) οὐκ ἠδύνατο ἀ. τοῦ ὄχλου he could not because of the crowd Lk 19:3; cp. Mk 2:4 D. οὐκ ἐνέβλεπον ἀπὸ τῆς δόξης τοῦ φωτός I could not see because of the brilliance of the light Ac 22:11. ἀ. τοῦ πλήθους τ. ἰχθύων J 21:6 (M-EBoismard, ad loc.: s. 1f end). ἀ. τοῦ ὕδατος for the water Hs 8, 2, 8. ἀ. τῆς θλίψεως because of the persecution Ac 11:19. οὐαὶ τῷ κόσμῳ ἀ. τ. σκανδάλων Mt 18:7 (s. B-D-F §176, 1; Mlt. 246). εἰσακουσθεὶς ἀ. τῆς εὐλαβείας heard because of his piety Hb 5:7 (but the text may be corrupt; at any rate it is obscure and variously interpr.; besides the comm. s. KRomaniuk, Die Gottesfürchtigen im NT: Aegyptus 44, ’64, 84; B-D-F §211; Rob. 580; s. on εὐλάβεια).
    to indicate means with the help of, with (Hdt. et al.; Ael. Aristid. 37, 23 K.=2 p. 25 D.; PGM 4, 2128f σφράγιζε ἀπὸ ῥύπου=seal with dirt; En 97:8) γεμίσαι τὴν κοιλίαν ἀ. τ. κερατίων fill one’s stomach w. the husks Lk 15:16 v.l. (s. ἐκ 4aζ; cp. Pr 18:20). οἱ πλουτήσαντες ἀπʼ αὐτῆς Rv 18:15 (cp. Sir 11:18).
    to indicate motive or reason for, from, with (Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 13 §52 ἀπʼ εὐνοίας=with goodwill; 1 Macc 6:10; pap exx. in Kuhring 35) κοιμᾶσθαι ἀ. τῆς λύπης sleep from sorrow Lk 22:45. ἀ. τῆς χαρᾶς αὐτοῦ Mt 13:44; cp. Lk 24:41; Ac 12:14. ἀ. τοῦ φόβου κράζειν Mt 14:26, ἀ. φόβου καὶ προσδοκίας with fear and expectation Lk 21:26. Hence verbs of fearing, etc., take ἀ. to show the cause of the fear (s. above 1c) μὴ φοβεῖσθαι ἀ. τ. ἀποκτεννόντων τὸ σῶμα not be afraid of those who kill only the body Mt 10:28; Lk 12:4 (cp. Jdth 5:23; 1 Macc 2:62; 3:22; 8:12; En 106:4).
    to indicate the originator of the action denoted by the verb from (Trag., Hdt. et al.) ἀ. σοῦ σημεῖον ἰδεῖν Mt 12:38. γινώσκειν ἀπό τινος learn fr. someone Mk 15:45. ἀκούειν ἀ. τοῦ στόματός τινος hear fr. someone’s mouth, i.e. fr. him personally Lk 22:71 (Dionys. Hal. 3, 8 ἀ. στόματος ἤκουσεν); cp. Ac 9:13; 1J 1:5. τὴν ἀ. σοῦ ἐπαγγελίαν a promise given by you Ac 23:21 (cp. Ath. 2, 3 ταῖς ἀπὸ τῶν κατηγόρων αἰτίαις ‘the charges made by the accusers’). ἀφʼ ἑνὸς ἐγενήθησαν Hb 11:12. Prob. παραλαμβάνειν ἀ. τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 11:23 is to be understood in the same way: Paul is convinced that he is taught by the Lord himself (for direct teaching s. EBröse, Die Präp. ἀπό 1 Cor 11:23: StKr 71, 1898, 351–60; Dssm.; BWeiss; Ltzm.; H-DWendland. But for indirect communication: Zahn et al.). παραλαβὼν ἀπὸ τῶν θυγατέρων Φιλίππου, ὅτι Papias (11:2); opp. παρειληφέναι ὑπὸ τῶν θ. Φ. (2:9).—Of the more remote cause ἀπʼ ἀνθρώπων from human beings (as opposed to transcendent revelation; w. διʼ ἀνθρώπου; cp. Artem. 1, 73 p. 66, 11 ἀπὸ γυναικῶν ἢ διὰ γυναικῶν; 2, 36 p. 135, 26) Gal 1:1. ἀ. κυρίου πνεύματος fr. the Lord, who is the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18. ἔχειν τι ἀπό τινος have (received) someth. fr. someone 1 Cor 6:19; 1 Ti 3:7; 1J 2:20; 4:21.—In salutation formulas εἰρήνη ἀ. θεοῦ πατρός ἡμῶν peace that comes from God, our father Ro 1:7; 1 Cor 1:3; 2 Cor 1:2; Gal 1:3; Eph 1:2; cp. 6:23; Phil 1:2; Col 1:2; 1 Th 1:1 v.l.; 2 Th 1:2; 1 Ti 1:2; 2 Ti 1:2; Tit 1:4; Phlm 3. σοφία ἀ. θεοῦ wisdom that comes fr. God 1 Cor 1:30. ἔπαινος ἀ. θεοῦ praise fr. God 4:5. καὶ τοῦτο ἀ. θεοῦ and that brought about by God Phil 1:28. The expr. εἰρήνη ἀπὸ ‘ὁ ὢν καὶ ὁ ἦν καὶ ὁ ἐρχόμενος’ Rv 1:4 is quite extraordinary. It may be an interpretation of the name Yahweh already current, or an attempt to show reverence for the divine name by preserving it unchanged, or simply one more of the grammatical peculiarities so frequent in Rv (Meyer6-Bousset 1906, 159ff; Mlt. 9, note 1; cp. PParis 51, 33 ἀπὸ ἀπηλιότης; Mussies 93f, 328).
    to indicate responsible agents for someth., from, of
    α. the self, st. Gk. usage (Thu. 5, 60, 1; X., Mem. 2, 10, 3; Andoc., Orat. 2, 4 οὗτοι οὐκ ἀφʼ αὑτῶν ταῦτα πράττουσιν; Diod S 17, 56; Num 16:28; 4 Macc 11:3; En 98:4; TestAbr A 15 p. 95, 26 [Stone p. 38]; 18 p. 101, 6 [Stone p. 50]; Just., A I, 43, 8) the expr. ἀφʼ ἑαυτοῦ (pl. ἀφʼ ἑαυτῶν) of himself and ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ of myself are common Lk 12:57; 21:30; 2 Cor 3:5, esp. so in J: 5:19, 30; 8:28; 10:18; 15:4.—7:17f; 11:51; 14:10; 16:13; 18:34. So also ἀπʼ ἐμαυτοῦ οὐκ ἐλήλυθα I did not come of myself (opp. the Father sent me) 7:28; 8:42.
    β. fr. others. W. verbs in the pass. voice or pass. mng. ὑπό is somet. replaced by ἀπό (in isolated cases in older Gk. e.g. Thu. 1, 17 et al. [Kühner-G. II/1 p. 457f]; freq. in later Gk.: Polyb. 1, 79, 14; Hero I 152, 6; 388, 11; Nicol. Dam.: 90 Fgm. 130, 130 Jac.; IG XII/5, 29, 1; SIG 820, 9; PLond III, 1173, 12 p. 208; BGU 1185, 26; PFlor 150, 6 ἀ. τῶν μυῶν κατεσθιόμενα; PGM 4, 256; Kuhring 36f; 1 Macc 15:17; Sir 16:4; ParJer 1:1 ᾐχμαλωτεύθησαν … ἀπὸ τοῦ βασιλέως; Philo, Leg. All. 3, 62; Just., A I, 68, 6 ἐπιστολὴν … γραφεῖσάν μοι ἀπὸ Σερήνου, D. 121, 3 ἀπὸ παντὸς [γένους] μετάνοιαν πεποιῆσθαι. See B-D-F §210; Rob. 820; GHatzidakis, Einl. in d. neugriech. Gramm. 1892, 211; AJannaris, An Histor. Gk. Grammar 1897, §1507). Yet just at this point the textual tradition varies considerably, and the choice of prep. is prob. at times influenced by the wish to express special nuances of mng. Lk 8:29b v.l. (ὑπό text); 43b (ὑπό v.l.); 10:22 D; ἀποδεδειγμένος ἀ. τ. θεοῦ attested by God Ac 2:22. ἐπικληθεὶς Βαρναβᾶς ἀ. (ὑπό v.l.) τ. ἀποστόλων named B. by the apostles 4:36. κατενεχθεὶς ἀ. τοῦ ὕπνου overcome by sleep 20:9. ἀθετούμενος ἀπὸ τῶν παραχαρασσόντων τὰ λόγια αὐτοῦ inasmuch as (Jesus) is being rejected by those who falsify his words AcPlCor 2:3. νεκροῦ βληθέντος ἀπὸ τῶν υἱῶν Ἰσραὴλ ἐπʼ αὐτά when a corpse was cast upon them (the bones of Elisha) 2:32. In such cases ἀπό freq. denotes the one who indirectly originates an action, and can be transl. at the hands of, by command of: πολλὰ παθεῖν ἀ. τ. πρεσβυτέρων suffer much at the hands of the elders Mt 16:21; cp. Lk 9:22; 17:25, where the emphasis is to be placed on παθεῖν, not on ἀποδοκιμασθῆναι. In ἀ. θεοῦ πειράζομαι the thought is that the temptation is caused by God, though not actually carried out by God Js 1:13. ἡτοιμασμένος ἀ. τοῦ θεοῦ prepared by God’s command, not by God in person Rv 12:6.
    In a few expr. ἀπό helps to take the place of an adverb. ἀπὸ μέρους, s. μέρος 1c.—ἡμέρᾳ ἀφʼ ἡμέρας day by day GJs 12:3.—ἀπὸ μιᾶς (acc. to Wlh., Einl.2 26, an Aramaism, min ḥădā˒=at once [s. MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 113]; but this does not explain the fem. gender, found also in the formulaic ἐπὶ μιᾶς Maxim. Tyr. 6, 3f En 99:9 [s. SAalen, NTS 13, ’67, 3] and in Mod. Gk. μὲ μιᾶς at once [Thumb §162 note 2]. PSI 286, 22 uses ἀπὸ μιᾶς of a payment made ‘at once’; on the phrase s. New Docs 2, 189. Orig. γνώμης might have been a part of the expr. [Philo, Spec. Leg. 3, 73], or ὁρμῆς [Thu. 7, 71, 6], or γλώσσης [Cass. Dio 44, 36, 2], or φωνῆς [Herodian 1, 4, 8]; cp. ἀπὸ μιᾶς φωνῆς Plut., Mor. 502d of an echo; s. B-D-F §241, 6) unanimously, alike, in concert Lk 14:18. Sim. ἀπὸ τ. καρδιῶν fr. (your) hearts, sincerely Mt 18:35.—Himerius, Or. 39 [=Or. 5], 6 has as a formula διὰ μιᾶς, probably = continuously, uninterruptedly, Or. 44 [=Or. 8], 2 fuller διὰ μιᾶς τῆς σπουδῆς=with one and the same, or with quite similar zeal.—M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἀπό

  • 13 αἰσχύνω

    αἰσχύνω [pron. full] [ῡ]: [dialect] Ion. [tense] impf. αἰσχύνεσκε ([etym.] κατ-) Q.S.14.531: [tense] fut.
    A

    - ῠνῶ E. Hipp. 719

    , [dialect] Ion.

    - υνέω Hdt.9.53

    : [tense] aor.

    ᾔσχῡνα Il.23.571

    , Lys.1.4, etc.: [tense] pf.

    σχυγκα D.C. 58.16

    :—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut.

    αἰσχῠνοῦμαι A.Ag. 856

    , Ar.Fr. 200, Pl. Ti. 49d, etc., rarely αἰσχυνθήσομαι (v. sub fin.): [tense] aor.

    ᾐσχύνθην Hdt.

    and [dialect] Att., poet. inf.

    αἰσχυνθῆμεν Pi.N.9.27

    : [tense] pf. ᾔσχυμμαι (v. infr. B. I):—make ugly, disfigure, πρόσωπον, κόμην, Il.18.24, 27, cf. S.Ant. 529; αἰ. τὸν ἵππον give the horse a bad form, X.Eq.1.12.
    b esp. dishonour a woman, E.El.44, cf. Plu.Marc.19, etc.;

    εὐνήν A.Ag. 1626

    ; εἰς τὸ σῶμα αἰ. Arist.Pol. 1311b7; abs., Foed. Delph.Pell.2A 12.
    B [voice] Pass., to be dishonoured, νέκυς σχυμμένος, of Patroclus, Il. 18.180.
    II to be ashamed, feel shame, abs., Od.7.305, 18.12, Hdt.1.10, E.Hipp. 1291.
    2 more commonly, to be ashamed at a thing, c. acc. rei,

    αἰσχυνόμενοι φάτιν ἀνδρῶν Od.21.323

    ;

    τὴν δυσγένειαν τὴν ἐμὴν αἰ. S.OT 1079

    : c. dat. rei, Ar.Nu. 992, Lys.3.9, D.4.42, etc.;

    αἰ. ἐπί τινι X.Mem.2.2.8

    ;

    ἔν τινι Th.2.43

    ;

    ὑπέρ τινος Lys.14.39

    ;

    περί τινος 33.6

    . etc.
    b c. part., to be ashamed at doing a thing (which one does), A.Pr. 642 (v.l.), S.Ant. 540, Ar.Fr. 200, Pl.Grg. 494e, etc.
    c c. inf., to be ashamed to do a thing (and therefore not to do it), Hdt.1.82, A.Ag. 856, Ch. 917, Pl.R. 414e, Phdr. 257d, etc.; though this condition must not be pressed absolutely, cf. Ap. 22b.
    d foll. by relat. clause, αἰσχύνεσθαι εἰ.. to be ashamed that.., S.El. 254, And.4.42;

    ἐάν.. X.Oec.21.4

    ;

    μὴ.. Pl.Tht. 183e

    , cf. Machoap.Ath.13.579f;

    ὅτι.. Lys.2.23

    .
    3 c. acc. pers., to feel shame before one, E. Ion 934, 1074, Pherecr.23.6, Pl.Smp. 216b; τοὺς γέροντας (at Sparta) Aeschin.1.180; ὅστις γὰρ αὐτὸς αὑτὸν οὐκ αἰσχύνεται, πῶστόν γε μηδὲν εἰδότ' αἰσχυνθήσεται; Philem.229, cf. Gal. 5.26: c. acc. et inf., E.Hel. 415;

    ᾑσχύνθημεν θεοὺς.. προδοῦναι αὐτόν X.An.2.3.22

    ;

    αἰσχύνομαι ὑμᾶς λέγειν D.40.48

    ;

    αἰ. πρός τινα Arist.Rh. 1383b12

    .

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰσχύνω

  • 14 καταιδέομαι

    καταιδέομαι, [tense] fut. - έσομαι: [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. - ῃδέσθην in act. sense:—
    A feel shame or reverence before another, stand in awe of him, c. acc., Hdt.3.72,77, S.OT 654, E.Or. 682;

    δαίμονα καταιδεσθεῖσα Id.Hipp. 772

    (lyr.);

    καταιδέσθητι πατρῷον Δία Ar.Nu. 1468

    (paratrag.): c. inf., to be ashamed to do a thing, E.Heracl. 1027: abs., Id.Hel. 805, D.C. 38.3.
    II later in [voice] Act., [full] καταιδέω, put to shame, Hld.4.18, Them. Or.15.191b, f.l. in Plu.2.801f, cf. Hsch., Phot.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > καταιδέομαι

  • 15 ὀκνέω

    ὀκν-έω, [dialect] Ep. [full] ὀκνείω Il.5.255: [tense] impf.
    A

    ὤκνεον 20.155

    : [tense] fut.

    - ήσω Isoc.6.72

    : [tense] aor.

    ὤκνησα D.18.103

    , etc.: ([etym.] ὄκνος):— shrink from doing, scruple, hesitate to do a thing, c. inf.,

    ὀκνείω ἵππων ἐπιβαινέμεν Il.5.255

    ;

    ἀρχέμεναι πολέμοιο ὤκνεον 20.155

    .—In [dialect] Att. mostly with collat. sense of the feeling which causes the hesitation, and so,
    1 of shame or fear (in a moral sense), ὀκνῶ προδότης καλεῖσθαι I shrink from being called, fear to be called, S.Ph.93, cf. Th.5.61, Lys.Fr. 23 ; οἷα ἐγὼ ὀκνῶ πρὸς ὑμᾶς ὀνομάσαι shrink from naming, hesitate to name, D.2.19, cf. Pl.Grg. 462e ;

    τοσαῦθ' ὅσ' ὀκνήσαιμ' ἂν.. εἰπεῖν D.18.103

    , cf. 24.7, etc.
    3 most commonly of cowardice or indolence,

    μεμηνότ' ἄνδρα.. ὀκνεῖς ἰδεῖν Id.Aj.81

    , cf. Th.1.120, etc.—The Homeric constr. c. inf. continued most common (v. supr.): rarely c. acc., πῶς τὸ μητρὸς λέκτρον οὐκ ὀκνεῖν με δεῖ; S.OT 976 ;

    ὃν μήτ' ὀκνεῖτε Id.OC 731

    , cf. X.Cyr.2.2.21 ;

    ἂν ὀκνῇς τὸ μανθάνειν Philem.213.1

    ; also

    ὀ. περί τινος X.Cyr.4.5.20

    ;

    ὀ. μή.. Pl.Phdr. 257c

    , X.An.2.3.9, D.1.18.
    II freq. also abs., shrink, hesitate, hang back, Hdt.7.50, S.El.22, 320, Antipho Soph.55, Luc.Prom.18, etc. ; of soldiers, Arist.Pol. 1297b11.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὀκνέω

  • 16 θριαμβεύω

    θριαμβεύω 1 aor. ἐθριάμβευσα (Ctesias; Polyb.; Diod S 16, 90, 2; Dionys. Hal.; Epict. 3, 24, 85 al.; not a Lat. loanw.—s. B-D-F §5, 1 and L-S-J-M s.v. θρίαμβος II). The verb θ. appears only in 2 Cor 2:14 and Col 2:15. The principal interpretations follow:
    lead in a triumphal procession, in imagery (cp. Seneca, On Benefits 2, 11, 1) of the Roman military triumph (Lat. triumphare; Plut., Rom. 33, 4; Arat. 1052 [54, 8]; Appian, Mithrid. 77 §338; 103 §482; Jos., Bell. 7, 123–57; cp. Theophyl. Sim., Ep. 68), w. acc. τινά someone as a captive.
    of Paul τῷ θεῷ χάρις τῷ πάντοτε θριαμβεύοντι ἡμᾶς ἐν τ. Χριστῷ thanks be to God, who continually leads us as captives in Christ’s triumphal procession (REB) 2 Cor 2:14. The rhetorical pattern of the Ep. appears to favor this interpr.
    of God’s victory over hostile forces θριαμβεύσας αὐτοὺς ἐν αὐτῷ in connection with him (Christ) God exhibits them (the hostile transcendent powers) in triumph Col 2:15.
    to lead in triumph, in imagery of Roman generals leading their troops in triumph (s. Jos., Bell.7, 5, 4–6), so numerous scholars and versions 2 Cor 2:14 τῷ θεῷ χάρις κτλ. thanks be to God, who always leads us as partners in triumph in Christ. Since there is no lexical support for this interpr. (L-S-J-M cites the pass. but without external support), others see a shift of mng. from ‘lead in triumph’ to the sense
    cause to triumph. This interpr. (KJV, Beza, Calvin, Klöpper, Schmiedel, Belser, GGodet, Sickenberger ad loc.; sim. Weizsäcker.) remains unexampled in Gk. usage (appeal to Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 13 [Pers. 13] p. 461, 8 Jac. in this sense is very questionable, s. 6 below).
    triumph over is preferred by many for Col 2:15 (Mel., P. 102, 781 of Christ ἐγὼ ὁ καταλύσας τὸν θάνατον καὶ θριαμβεύσας τὸν ἐχθρόν.—Pass.: διʼ … σταυροῦ … ἐθριαμβεύθη σατανᾶς Serap. of Thmuis, Euch. 25, 2).
    expose to shame (Marshall; s. also Lietzmann, HNT ad loc. and app.; cp. Ctesias [s. 3 above; the textual sequence is in question] θριαμβεύσας τὸν μάγον ‘after he had publicly unmasked the magician’), in which case the triumphal aspect is submerged in a metaphor expressing the low esteem in which God permits the apostle’s office to be held. Col 2:15 can also be understood in this way. (The idea that the term θρ. itself expresses the paradox of a disgraced apostle and a victorious mission [Williamson s. 6 below] is semantically untenable.) ἀναστενάζων, ὅτι ἐθριαμβεύετο ὑπὸ τῆς πόλεως, groaning that he had become the city’s object of ridicule AcPl Ha 4, 12f.
    display, publicize, make known (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 16 [Pers. 58 of the head and right hand of a slain enemy] p. 472, 30 Jac.; s. Ltzm., Hdb. ad loc.; ἐκθριαμβίζω BGU 1061 [14 B.C.]), a semantic shift affirmed by Egan for both NT pass (παύσασθε λόγους ἀλλοτρίους θριαμβεύοντες ‘cease [openly] expressing these strange opinions’ Tat. 26, 1).—Windisch leaves the choice open between 3 and 6.—LWilliamson, Jr., Int 22, ’68, 317–32; REgan, NovT 19, ’77, 34–62; Field, Notes 181f; RPope, ET 21, 1910, 19–21; 112–14; AKinsey, ibid. 282f; FPrat, RSR 3, 1912, 201–29; HVersnel, Triumphus ’70; PMarshall, NovT 25, ’83, 302–17; CBreytenbach, Neot. 24, ’90, 250–71; JScott, NTS 42, ’96, 260–81; cp. TSchmidt, NTS 41, ’95, 1–18, on Mk 15:16–32.—Against triumphal imagery, JMcDonald, JSNT 17, ’83, 35–50.—DELG s.v. θρίαμβος. M-M. EDNT. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > θριαμβεύω

  • 17 πατέω

    πατέω fut. πατήσω; 1 aor. ἐπάτησα LXX. Pass. fut. 3 sg. πατηθήσεται (TestZeb); aor. ἐπατήθην (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; En 1:4; TestLevi 18:12; TestZeb 9:8 v.l.; JosAs 23:8 [cod. A for ἐπάταξε]; AscIs 3:3; Philo, Just.) tread (on) w. feet.
    to set foot on, tread, walk, trans.
    tread τὶ someth. (Herodas 8, 74) τὴν ληνόν (s. ληνός) Rv 19:15; pass. 14:20. Of a stone ὁ πατούμενος what is trodden under foot Dg 2:2.
    set foot on, tread of a place (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX) τὴν αὐλήν the court B 2:5 (Is 1:12). τὸ ἁγνευτήριον Ox 840 12; τὸ ἱερόν ibid. 17; 20.
    to tread heavily with feet, with implication of destructive intent, trample, trans.
    tread on, trample (Iambl., Vi. Pyth. 31, 193) of the undisciplined swarming of a victorious army through a conquered city. Its heedlessness, which acknowledges no limits, causes π. to take on the sense ‘mistreat, abuse’ (so πατέω in Plut., Tim. 14, 2; Lucian, Lexiph. 10 al.; Philo, In Flacc. 65) and ‘tread contemptuously under foot’ (s. 2b; in Heliod. 4, 19, 8 π. πόλιν actually means plunder a city). τὴν πόλιν πατήσουσιν Rv 11:2; pass. (Jos., Bell. 4, 171 πατούμενα τὰ ἅγια) Lk 21:24 (ὑπὸ ἐθνῶν).
    fig. ext. of a: trample in contempt or disdain (Il. 4, 157 ὅρκια; Soph., Aj. 1335, Antig. 745 al.; Herodian 8, 5, 9; Jos., Bell. 4, 258 τ. νόμους) τὸ τῆς αἰσχύνης ἔνδυμα πατεῖν despise (=throw away w. disdain) the garment of shame (s. αἰσχύνη 1) GEg 252, 57.
    move on foot, walk, tread (not in the sense of ‘taking a walk’) (since Pind., P. 2, 85 ἄλλʼ ἄλλοτε πατέων ὁδοῖς σκολιαῖς, of one who moves against an opponent like a fox, stepping now here and now there, in no straight line) with implication that the experience is not planned, intr. πατεῖν ἐπάνω ὄφεων Lk 10:19 (ἐπάνω 1b and cp. TestLevi 18:12.—Diod S 3, 50, 2f speaks of the danger of death in πατεῖν on ὄφεις).—DELG. M-M. TW.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πατέω

  • 18 ὅτι

    ὅτι (Hom.+) conjunction (B-D-F §396f; 408; 416; 470, 1 al.; Rob. 1032–36, al. [s. index]; HPernot, Études sur la langue des Évang. 1927, 41ff) originally the neuter of ὅστις.
    marker of narrative or discourse content, direct or indirect, that. Used after verbs that denote mental or sense perception, or the transmission of such perception, or an act of the mind, to indicate the content of what is said, etc.
    after verbs of saying, indicating, etc.: ἀπαγγέλλω, ἀποκρίνομαι, δείκνυμι, δῆλόν (ἐστιν), διδάσκω, εἶπον, ἐμφανίζω, λέγω, μαρτυρέω, ὁμολογέω, φημί etc.; s. the entries in question. Likew. after verbs of swearing, affirming and corresponding formulae: μαρτύρομαι Ac 20:26; Gal 5:3. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλοῦμαι 2 Cor 1:23. ὀμνύω Rv 10:6. Cp. the sim. exprs. πιστὸς ὁ θεός 2 Cor 1:18. ἰδοὺ ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ Gal 1:20.—2 Cor 11:10. Cp. also φάσις … ὅτι Ac 21:31. αἱ γραφαὶ ὅτι the Scriptures (which state) that Mt 26:54.—On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41.
    after verbs that denote sense perception ἀκούω, θεάομαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 1); s. these entries.
    after verbs that denote mental perception ἀγνοέω, ἀναγινώσκω, βλέπω (perceive), γινώσκω, γνωστόν ἐστιν, ἐπιγινώσκω, ἐπίσταμαι, θεωρέω (q.v. 2a), καταλαμβάνω, μιμνῄσκομαι, μνημονεύω, νοέω, οἶδα, ὁράω (q.v. A4a), συνίημι, ὑπομιμνῄσκω; s. these entries. In Gal 1:11 ὅτι comes later in the sentence so as to permit the emphatic portion of the subordinate clause to come to the forefront.
    after verbs of thinking, judging, believing, hoping: δοκέω (q.v. 1d), ἐλπίζω (q.v. 2), κρίνω, λογίζομαι, νομίζω (q.v. 2), οἶμαι, πέπεισμαι, πέποιθα, πιστεύω (q.v. 1aβ), ὑπολαμβάνω; s. these entries. εἶχον τὸν Ἰωάννην ὅτι προφήτης ἦν they held that John was a prophet Mk 11:32 (s. B-D-F §330; 397, 2; Rob. 1029; 1034).
    after verbs that denote an emotion and its expression ἀγανακτέω, ἐξομολογέομαι, ἐπαινέω, εὐχαριστέω, θαυμάζω, μέλει μοι, συγχαίρω, χαίρω, χάριν ἔχω τινί; s. these entries.
    Very oft. the subj. of the ὅτι-clause is drawn into the main clause, and becomes the object of the latter: ἐπεγίνωσκον αὐτοὺς ὅτι (=ὅτι αὐτοὶ) σὺν τῷ Ἰησοῦ ἦσαν Ac 4:13. οἴδατε τὴν οἰκίαν Στεφανᾶ ὅτι (=ὅτι ἡ οἰκία Σ.) ἐστὶν ἀπαρχή 1 Cor 16:15. Cp. Mt 25:24; Mk 12:34; J 8:54; 9:8; Ac 3:10; 1 Cor 3:20 (Ps 93:11); 1 Th 2:1; Rv 17:8. Somet. the subj. is repeated by a demonstrative pron. in the ὅτι-clause: ἐκήρυσσεν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ὅτι οὗτός ἐστιν ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ Ac 9:20.—Pass. εἰ Χριστὸς κηρύσσεται ὅτι ἐκ νεκρῶν ἐγήγερται (=εἰ κηρύσσεται ὅτι Χρ. ἐκ νεκ. ἐγ.) 1 Cor 15:12.
    marker of explanatory clauses, that
    as a substitute for the epexegetical inf. (acc. w. inf.) after a preceding demonstrative (B-D-F §394; cp. Rob. 1034) αὕτη δέ ἐστιν ἡ κρίσις, ὅτι τὸ φῶς ἐλήλυθεν the judgment consists in this, that the light has come J 3:19. ἔστιν αὕτη ἡ ἀγγελία …, ὅτι ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν 1J 1:5. Cp. 3:16; 4:9, 10. ἐν τούτῳ …, ὅτι ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος αὐτοῦ δέδωκεν ἡμῖν vs. 13; 5:11. περὶ τούτου … ὅτι about this …, that J 16:19. In ἔχω κατὰ σοῦ ὅτι … Rv 2:4, ὅτι is epexegetical to a τοῦτο that remains unexpressed. Cp. vs. 6. Of the same order is the use
    in ellipses τί ὅτι; what (is it) that? why? Lk 2:49; Ac 5:4, 9; Mk 2:16 v.l. (JosAs 16:5).—οὐχ ὅτι (=οὐ λέγω ὅτι) not that, not as if J 6:46; 7:22; 2 Cor 1:24; 3:5; Phil 3:12; 4:11; 2Th 3:9 (so μὴ ὅτι PLond I 42, 43 p. 30 [II B.C.]). ἐπεὶ οὐχ ὅτι since it is not the case that IMg 3:2.—οὐχ οἷον ὅτι Ro 9:6 (s. οἷος).—ὅτι alone is used for εἰς ἐκεῖνο ὅτι with regard to the fact that, in consideration of the fact that (Gen 40:15; Ruth 2:13) ποταπός ἐστιν οὗτος ὅτι; what sort of person is this, (in consideration of the fact) that? Mt 8:27 (but it is prob. that in this and sim. passages the causal force of ὅτι [s. 4 below] comes to the fore). τίς ὁ λόγος οὗτος ὅτι; Lk 4:36. Cp. 16:3; Mk 4:41; J 2:18; 8:22; 9:17; 11:47; 16:9–11.—ὅτι = ἐν τούτῳ ὅτι in that Ro 5:8. ὅτι = περὶ τούτου ὅτι concerning this, that Mt 16:8; Mk 8:17.—On ὅτι=why? (cp. Jos. Ant. 12, 213) Mk 9:11, 28 s. ὅστις 4b.
    marker introducing direct discourse. In this case it is not to be rendered into English, but to be represented by quotation marks (ὅτι recitativum.—B-D-F §397, 5; 470, 1; EKieckers, IndogF 35, 1915, 21ff; Rob. 1027f. As early as Pla. [Apol. 23, 34 d.—Kühner-G. II, 366f]; Epict. 1, 9, 16; Arrian, Alex. An. 2, 12, 4; 2, 26, 4; 4, 8, 9; Philostrat., Vi. Apoll. 1, 38 p. 40; POxy 744, 11 [1 B.C.]; 119, 10; 1064, 5; LXX; TestAbr A 8 p. 85, 10 [Stone p. 18]; TestJob 6:7; 35:1; 36:3; ParJer 1:6; 2:7; ApcEsdr; AscIs 3:9; Jos. Ant. 11, 5; 18, 326, Vi. 55) ὑμεῖς λέγετε ὅτι ‘βλασφημεῖς’ ὅτι εἶπον J 10:36. ὁμολογήσω αὐτοῖς ὅτι ‘οὐδέποτε ἔγνων ὑμᾶς’ Mt 7:23. So after var. verbs of saying as direct discourse: Mt 26:72–75; 27:43; Mk 1:37; 2:16; 5:28; 12:29; 13:6 (JSundwall, Om bruket av ὅτι recit. i Mk: Eranos 31, ’33, 73–81; MZerwick, Untersuchgen z. Mk-Stil ’37, 39–48); Lk 1:25, 61 (PWinter, HTR 48, ’55, 213–16); 4:41a; 5:26; 15:27a; J 1:20, 32; 4:17; 6:42; 16:17; Ac 5:23; 15:1; Ro 3:8 (B-D-F §470, 1; Rob. 1033; AFridrichsen, ZNW 34, ’35, 306–8); 2 Th 3:10; 1J 4:20 al. Scripture quotations are also introduced in this way (Appian, Bell. Civ. 62 §260 a saying of Caesar in direct discourse is introduced by ὅτι): Μωϋσῆς ἔγραψεν ἡμῖν ὅτι ‘ἐάν τινος κτλ.’ Mk 12:19.—Mt 2:23; 21:16; Lk 2:23; J 10:34; Ro 8:36; 1 Cor 14:21; Hb 11:18.—On ὅτι foll. by the acc. and inf. in direct discourse Lk 4:43 s. 5a below.
    subordinating, because, since ὅτι ἑώρακάς με, πεπίστευκας J 20:29.—Mt 2:18 (Jer 38:15); 5:3ff; 13:16; Mk 1:34; 5:9; Lk 4:41b; 6:20ff; 8:30; 10:13; 11:42ff; 13:2b; 15:27b; perh. 18:9 (TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54, 309); 19:17; J 1:30, 50a; 2:25; 3:18; 5:27; 9:16, 22; Ro 6:15; 1 Cor 12:15f. On 1J 2:12–14 s. BNoack, NTS 6, ’60, 236–41 (opposes causal mng.).—Used w. demonstr. and interrog. pronouns διὰ τοῦτο … ὅτι for this reason …, (namely) that J 8:47; 10:17; 12:39; 1J 3:1 al. διὰ τί; ὅτι … why? because … Ro 9:32; 2 Cor 11:11. χάριν τίνος; ὅτι … for what reason? because … 1J 3:12. Foll. by διὰ τοῦτο because … for this reason J 15:19. οὐχ ὅτι … ἀλλʼ ὅτι not because … but because 6:26; 12:6.
    The subordination is oft. so loose that the transl. for recommends itself (B-D-F §456, 1; Rob. 962f). Naturally the line betw. the two groups cannot be drawn with certainty: Mt 7:13; 11:29; Lk 7:47 (on this pass. and 1J 3:14 s. Schwyzer II 646, w. ref. to Il. 16, 34f: ‘infer this from the fact that’); 9:12; 13:31; 16:24; J 1:16f; 9:16; 1 Cor 1:25; 4:9; 10:17; 2 Cor 4:6; 7:8, 14; 1J 3:14.—MBlack, An Aramaic Approach3, ’67, 70ff.
    special uses
    ὅτι w. acc. and inf. after θεωρεῖν Ac 27:10 (on the mingling of constructions cp. POxy 237 V, 8 δηλῶν ὅτι … δεῖσθαι τὸ πρᾶγμα; EpArist 125; schol. on Clem. of Alex., Protr. p. 296, 11f Stäh.—B-D-F §397, 6; Rob. 1036; Rdm.2 195; MArnim, De Philonis Byzantii dicendi genere, diss. Greifs-wald 1912, 88 [but s. on this Rdm.2 196, 1]). Less irregular is καὶ ὅτι w. a finite verb as the second member dependent on παρακαλεῖν after the inf. ἐμμένειν Ac 14:22.—S. also c, below and HCadbury, JBL 48, 1929, 412–25.
    ὡς ὅτι is found three times in Pauline letters and simply means ‘that’ in the later vernacular (exx. in Mlt. 212; B-D-F §396; Rob. 1033). But the subjective mng. of ὡς must be conceded for the NT, since the Vulgate renders ὡς ὅτι twice w. ‘quasi’ (2 Cor 11:21; 2 Th 2:2) and the third time (2 Cor 5:19) w. ‘quoniam quidem’: διʼ ἐπιστολῆς …, ὡς ὅτι ἐνέστηκεν ἡ ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου by a letter … (of such content) that (in the opinion of its writer) the day of the Lord is (now) here 2 Th 2:2. Paul says ironically: κατὰ ἀτιμίαν λέγω, ὡς ὅτι ἡμεῖς ἠσθενήκαμεν I must confess to my shame that we have conducted ourselves as weaklings (as I must concede when I compare my conduct w. the violent treatment you have had fr. others [vs. 20]) 2 Cor 11:21 (for the thought cp. Demosth. 18, 320: ‘I confess it. I am weak, but all the more loyal than you [Aeschines] to my fellow citizens’). Likew. 5:19; we are a new creation in Christ (vs. 17). This does not alter the fact that everything has its origin in God, who reconciled us w. himself through Christ (vs. 18), ὡς ὅτι θεὸς ἦν ἐν Χριστῷ κόσμον καταλλάσσων ἑαυτῷ that is (acc. to Paul’s own conviction), (that) it was God who was reconciling the world to himself in Christ.
    consecutive ὅτι so that (Pel.-Leg. p. 20 τί διδοῖς τοῖς ἀμνοῖς σου ὅτι ζωὴν αἰώνιον ἔχουσιν;=what do you give your sheep so that they have eternal life? Acta Christophori p. 68, 18 Usener τοιοῦτοι γάρ εἰσιν οἱ θεοὶ ὑμῶν, ὅτι ὑπὸ γυναικὸς ἐκινήθησαν. Gen 20:9; Judg 14:3; 1 Km 20:1; 3 Km 18:9) ποῦ οὗτος μέλλει πορεύεσθαι, ὅτι ἡμεῖς οὐχ εὑρήσομεν αὐτόν; J 7:35. τί γέγονεν ὅτι … ; what has happened, so that (=to bring it about that) …? 14:22 (so Rob. 1001; difft. Rdm.2 196 and B-D-F §480, 6). This is prob. also the place for οὐδὲν εἰσηνέγκαμεν εἰς τὸν κόσμον, ὅτι οὐδὲ ἐξενεγκεῖν τι δυνάμεθα we have brought nothing into the world, so that (as a result) we can take nothing out of it 1 Ti 6:7. τί ἐστιν ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνῄσκῃ αὐτοῦ; Hb 2:6 (Ps 8:5).—DELG. M-M.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ὅτι

  • 19 αἰσχρός

    αἰσχρός, ά, όν, also ός, όν APl.4.151: ([etym.] αἶσχος):—in Hom.,
    A causing shame, dishonouring, reproachful,

    νείκεσσεν.. αἰσχροῖς ἐπέεσσιν Il.3.38

    , etc. Adv.

    αἰσχρῶς, ἐνένισπεν 23.473

    .
    II opp. καλός:
    1 of outward appearance, ugly, ill-favoured, of Thersites, Il.2.216, cf. h.Ap. 197, Hdt.1.196 ([comp] Comp.), etc. ; deformed, Hp.Art.14 ([comp] Sup.); αἰσχρῶς χωλός with an ugly lameness, ib.63: but commonly,
    2 in moral sense, shameful, base, Hdt.3.155, A.Th. 685, etc.;

    αἰσχροῖς γὰρ αἰσχρὰ πράγματ' ἐκδιδάσκεται S.El. 621

    ; αἰσχρόν [ἐστι], c. inf., Il.2.298, S.Aj. 473, etc.; αἰσχρόν, εἰ πύθοιτό τις ib. 1159;

    ἐν αἰσχρῷ θέσθαι τι E.Hec. 806

    ; ἐπ' αἰσχροῖς on the ground of base actions, S. Fr. 188, E.Hipp. 511:—τὸ αἰ. as Subst., dishonour, S.Ph. 476; τὸ ἐμὸν αἰ. my disgrace, And.2.9; τὸ καλὸν καὶ τὸ αἰ. virtue and vice, Arist.Rh. 1366a24, etc. Adv., shamefully, S.El. 989, Pl.Smp. 183d, etc.: [comp] Sup.

    αἴσχιστα A.Pr. 959

    , S.OT 367.
    3 ill-suited,

    αἰ. ὁ καιρός D.18.178

    ; αἰ. πρός τι awkward at it, X.Mem.3.8.7;

    αἰσχρὸν καὶ ἄτεχνον Hp. Fract.30

    .
    III Regul. [comp] Comp. and [comp] Sup. -ότερος, -ότατος are late, Phld.Rh.2.58S. (prob.), Ath.13.587b: elsewh. αἰσχίων, αἴσχιστος (formed from a Root [pref] αἰσχο-), Il.21.437, 2.216; double [comp] Sup.

    αἰσχιστότατος Olymp.in Alc.p.124

    C. Adv., [comp] Sup.

    αἰσχίστως Mnasalc.

    ap. Ath.4.163a, Man.1.21.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > αἰσχρός

  • 20 μοῖρα

    μοῖρα, ας ([dialect] Ion. μοῖρα, acc. μοῖραν, gen. ης), ([etym.] μείρομαι)
    A part, opp. whole, τριτάτη μ. [νυκτός] Il.10.253; [

    ἐσθλῶν] τριτάτην.. μ. Od.4.97

    ;

    μενέτω τριτάτῃ ἐνὶ μ. Il.15.195

    .
    2 portion of land, of a country, etc.,

    χώρης ὀλίγην ἔτι μοῖραν ἔχοντες 16.68

    ;

    μ. πατρῴας γῆς διαιρετόν S.Tr. 163

    ;

    ἡ Περσέων μ. Hdt.1.75

    ; [ἐς] δυώδεκα μοίρας δασάμενοι

    Αἴγυπτον Id.2.147

    ;

    Πελοποννήσουτῶν πέντε τὰς δύο μοίρας Th.1.10

    .
    3 division of a people, Hdt.1.146; of an army, Hdn.6.6.3; in codd. of X., freq.f.l. for μόρα.
    4 political party,

    τὸν δῆμον πρὸς τὴν ἑωυτοῦ μ. προσεθήκατο Hdt.5.69

    ;

    τριῶν δὲ μ. ἡ 'ν μέσῳ σῴζει πόλεις E.Supp. 244

    .
    5 degree, in the astron. and geog. sense, Hipparch.1.7.11, Gem.1.6, Cleom.2.5, etc.: division of the zodiac, Arat.716, cf. 560 (pl.), Procl.Hyp.3.52.
    II lot, portion or share which falls to one, esp. in the distribution of booty,

    ἴση μ. Il.9.318

    ;

    μ. καὶ γέρας ἐσθλὸν ἔχων Od.11.534

    ; of a meal,

    μοίρας ἔνεμον 8.470

    , cf. 14.448, etc.;

    μ. ἔχειν γαίης Hes.Th. 413

    ;

    σπλάγχνων μ. Ar. Pax 1105

    (hex.); τὴν τοῦ πατρὸς μοῖραν λαγχάνειν one's inheritance, patrimony, Lexap.D.43.51, cf. AP11.382.22 (Agath.).
    2 generally, part, lot, οὐδ' αἰδοῦς μ. ἔχουσιν have no part in shame, Od.20.171;

    εὐθυμίης μείζω μ. μεθέξει Democr.258

    , cf. 263;

    ἐν παντὶ παντὸς μ. ἔνεστι Anaxag.11

    , cf. 6;

    μ. ἔχειν ἀχέων A.Th. 945

    (lyr.);

    μ. Ἀφροδίτας Id.Supp. 1041

    (lyr.); ἔχουσι μ. οὐκ εὐπέμπελον an office, Id.Eu. 476; τέσσαρας μ. ἔχον ἐμοί filling the place of four relations to me, Id.Ch. 238;

    μ. ἡδονῆς πορεῖν Id.Pr. 631

    ; κατὰ τὴν ἰδίαν ἑκάστου μ., pro virili parte, Lycurg.64;

    οὐκ ἐλαχίστην συμβάλλεσθαι μ. πρός τι Plu.2.9f

    , cf. Arist.Ath.19.
    4
    III one's portion in life, lot, destiny,

    ἐπὶ γάρ τοι ἑκάστῳ μοῖραν ἔθηκαν ἀθάνατοι Od.19.592

    , etc.;

    μ. βροτῶν A.Eu. 105

    ; mostly of ill fortune, but also of good, e. g. opp. ἀμμορίη, Od.20.76;

    ἡ πεπρωμένη μ. Hdt.1.91

    ;

    ἐξιστορῆσαι μ. A.Th. 506

    , cf. Ag. 1314, etc.; μ. (sc. ἐστι) c. inf., 'tis one's fate,

    οὐ γάρ τοι πρὶν μ. φίλους ἰδέειν Od.4.475

    ;

    οὐ γάρ πώ τοι μ. θανεῖν Il.7.52

    , cf. 15.117: c. acc. et inf.,

    εἰ μ... δαμῆναι πάντας ὁμῶς 17.421

    , cf. 16.434;

    ἔσχε μοῖρ' Ἀχιλλέα θανεῖν S.Ph. 331

    ;

    ὡς αὐτὸν ἥξοι μ. πρὸς παιδὸς θανεῖν Id.OT 713

    ; εἴ μοι ξυνείη φέροντι μοῖρα ib. 863 (lyr.); μ. βιότοιο one's portion or measure of life, Il.4.170 (as v. l. for πότμον) ; ὑπὲρ μοῖραν (v. μόρος) Il.20.336; ἀγαθᾷ μοίρᾳ by good luck, E. Ion 153 (lyr.); θείᾳ μοίρᾳ by divine providence, X.Mem.2.3.18;

    κατά τινα θείαν μ. Arist.EN 1099b10

    , cf. Pl. Men. 99e, Ap. 33c; opp.

    παρὰ μοῖραν Δίος Alc.Supp.14.10

    .
    2 like μόρος, man's appointed doom, i.e. death, Il.6.488, Od.11.560; in full,

    θάνατος καὶ μ. Il.17.672

    , etc.;

    μ. ὀλοή.. θανάτοιο Od.2.100

    ;

    θανάτου μ. A.Pers. 917

    , Ag. 1462 (both anap.); πρὸ μοίρας before the appointed time, S.Fr. 686, Isoc.11.8;

    ἐξέπλησε μ. τὴν ἑωυτοῦ Hdt.4.164

    ,3.142, cf. 1.91; τῇ σεωυτοῦ μ. περίεις ib. 121; also, the cause of death, Od. 21.24.
    IV that which is meet and right, in Hom. mostly in phrase κατὰ μοῖραν in order, rightly, Il.16.367;

    κατὰ μ. ἔειπες 1.286

    , al.;

    ἐν μοίρῃ πάντα διίκεο 19.186

    , cf. Od.22.54, Pl.Lg. 775c, 958d; opp.

    παρὰ μοῖραν Od.14.509

    ; ἔχει μ. it is meet and right, E.Hipp. 988.
    2 respect, esteem,

    οὐκ ἔστιν ὅτῳ μείζονα μ. νείμαιμ' ἤ σοι A.Pr. 294

    (anap.), cf. S.Tr. 1239; ἐν οὐδεμιῇ μοίρῃ μεγάλῃ ἄγειν τινά hold one in no great respect, Hdt.2.172;

    ἐν μείζονι μ. εἶναι Pl.Cri. 51b

    ;

    ἀτιμοτάτῃ ἐνὶ μ. Theoc.14.49

    ;

    μεγάλην μ. καὶ τιμὴν ἔχει Pl.Cra. 398b

    ;

    κατατιθέναι τι ἐν μοίραις ἐλάττοσι Id.Lg. 923b

    ;

    τοὺς θεοὺς μοίραις ποεῖσθε μηδαμῶς S. OC 278

    is prob. corrupt.
    V c. gen. almost periphr., ἐν τῇ τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοίρᾳ ἐκεῖνό ἐστι is a good, of the order of the good, Pl.Phlb. 54c; ἄγειν ἢ φέρειν ἐν πολεμίου μ. as if an enemy, D.23.61; νόστοιο μ. for νόστος, Pi.P.4.196; ὡς ἐν παιδιᾶς μοίρᾳ playfully, Pl.Lg. 656b;

    ὡς ἐν φαρμάκου μ. Plu.2.6e

    ;

    ὥσπερ ἐν προσθήκης μ. Luc.Zeux.2

    ; μέτοχος εἶναι τῆς τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ μοίρας, i. e. τοῦ ἀγαθοῦ, Pl.Phlb. 60b;

    ἡ φιλοσόφου μ. Id.Ep. 329b

    ;

    ἡ τελειότης τἀγαθοῦ μ. τίς ἐστιν Procl.Inst.25

    ; θείας μ. μετέχειν, i. e. τοῦ θείου, Pl.Prt. 322a, cf. Phdr. 230a; τὸ ἐμπλήκτως ὀξὺ ἀνδρὸς μοίρᾳ προσετέθη was accounted manly, Th.3.82.
    B [full] Μοῖρα, as pr. n., the goddess of fate, Hom. always (exc. Il. 24.49) in sg., Il.24.209, al., cf. Orph.Fr.33, etc.: three first in Hes. Th. 905, etc.; as the goddess of death, Il.4.517, 18.119: generally of evil, 5.613; ἐγὼ δ' οὐκ αἴτιός εἰμι ἀλλὰ Ζεὺς καὶ M.

    καὶ ἠεροφοῖτις Ἐρινύς 19.87

    : with epithets, M. κραταιή, ὀλοή, 5.629, 21.83;

    κακή 13.602

    ;

    δυσώνυμος 12.116

    :—Trag. use sts. sg., A.Ag. 130, Ch. 910, etc.: sts. pl., Id.Pr. 516, 895, Ch. 306, etc.; of the Furies, Id.Eu. 172: later as objects of worship, SIG1044.8 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.).—In the phrases

    θεοῦ μ. Od.11.292

    ,

    μ. θεῶν 3.269

    , μοῖρα is Appellat., = destiny.

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > μοῖρα

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