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81 κορέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `satiate, fill, be satiated' (ep. Ion.).Other forms: - μαι (Them., Orph.), κορέω, κορέσκω (Nic.), κορίσκομαι (Hp.), aor. κορέσ(σ)αι, - ασθαι (Il.), pass. κορεσθῆναι (Od.), perf. ptc. Act. (intr.) κεκορηώς (Od.), ind. midd. κεκόρημαι (Il.), κεκόρεσμαι (X.), fut. κορέω (Il.), κορέσω (Hdt.),Compounds: Rarely with ὑπερ- (Thgn., Poll.), ἀπο- (Gloss.). As 2. member in ἄ-κορος `unsatiable, untiring' (Pi.) with ἀκορία `unsatiated condition, moderation' (Hp.), `unsatiability' (Aret.). διά-, κατά-, πρόσ-, ὑπέρ-κορος `satiated etc.' (IA.); also as σ-stam and with verbal redefinition (Schwyzer 513) ἀ-, δια-, προσ- κορής with προσ-κορίζομαι `vex, annoy' (sch.). As privative also ἀ-κόρη-τος (Il.), ἀ-κόρε(σ)-τος (trag.). - Quite uncertain Αἰγι-κορεῖς pl. m. with Αἰγικορίς f. name of one of the old Ionic phylai (E., inscr.; cf. Hdt. 5, 66), s. Nilsson Cults 147 and Frisk ibd.Derivatives: Wiht lengthened grade κώρα ὕβρις H. (v. Blumenthal Hesychst. with Lobeck). To κόρος ( κοῦρος, κῶρος) `youth' and κόρη `young girl' s. esp. κόρος m. `satiaty, be satiated, surfeit, insolence' (Il.);Origin: IE [Indo-European] [577] *ḱerh₁- `fodder, (let) grow'Etymology: The starting point of the whole paradigm is clearly the aorist κορέσαι, - ασθαι, to which the other forms were successively added: pass. κορε-σ-θῆναι (Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 406), perf. κεκόρημαι, - εσμαι (Schwyzer 773), fut. κορέω, - έσω, lastly also the different, sparsely attested presents κορίσκομαι, κορέω, - έσκω, - έννυμι. The verb was prob. orig. because of the perfective aspect limited to the aorist; for an old present *κόρνυμι (Schwyzer 697; as στόρνυμι) there is no support. - The ο-vowel, which is found also in στορέσαι, with the same building, and in θορεῖν, μολεῖν, πορεῖν, is not convincingly explained (attempts in Schwyzer 360f. and Sánchez Ruipérez Emerita 18, 386ff.); with the disyllabic κορέ-σαι agrees elsewhere acute Lith. šér-ti `fodder' (from *ḱerh₁-), with which one connected the old s-stem in Lat. Cerēs `goddess of the growth of plants', and also Arm. ser `origin, gender, offspring' (IE. *ḱéros n. transformed to an o-stem). - The other forms, e. g. Lat. creō `create', crēscō `grow', Arm. sermn `seed', Alb. thjer `acorn', prop. "fodder" (Pok. 577, W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. Cerēs, creō), are unimportant for Greek. - With the meanings `satiate, fodder, let grow', cf. the similar meanings of Lat. alō.Page in Frisk: 1,918-919Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κορέννυμι
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82 κτείνω
Grammatical information: v.Other forms: Att. also κτείνυμι, - ύω, Aeol. κτέννω (Hdn.), fut. κτενῶ, ep. also - έω, κτανέω, aor. κτεῖναι, Aeol. κτένναι (Alc.), and κτανεῖν, ep. also κτάμεν(αι) and midd. -pass. κτάσθαι, pass. 3. pl. ἔκταθεν (ep.), hell. κταν(θ)ῆναι, perf. ἀπ-, κατ-έκτονα (Hdt., Att.), hell. also ἀπ-εκτόνηκα, - έκτα(γ)κα, pass. - εκτάνθαι Il.Compounds: As 2. member - κτόνος, e.g. πατρο-κτόνος `who kills his father' (trag.) with - κτονέω, - ία; rarely passive: νεό-κτονος `recently killed' (Pi.); simplex κτόνος (Zonar.) prob. from the compp.; also - κτασία, e.g. ἀνδρο-κτασία, usu. pl. - ίαι f. `murther of men' (Il.), as if from *ἀνδρό-κτα-τος, cf. below and Schwyzer 469.Etymology: The present κτείνυμι (incorrect - εινν- and - ινν-) with sec. full grade after ἔκτεινα ( δείκνυμι: ἔδειξα a. o.) stands for zero grade *κτά-νυ-μι, which agrees exactly to Skt. kṣa-ṇó-mi `injure' ( κτείνω `kill' therefore euphemistical; Chantraine Sprache 1, 143). Other agreements with Indian (and Iranian) are the aorist ἔ-κτα-το (Il.) = Skt. a-kṣa-ta (gramm.) and the ptc. *-κτα-τος (in ἀνδρο-κτασίαι a.o.; s. above) = Skt. á-kṣa-ta-, OP. a-xša-ta- `uninjured'. The Greek system seems further to be based on an athematic root aorist: 1. sg. *ἔ-κτεν-α, 3. sg. - ἔ-κτεν (cf. Gortyn. conj. κατα-σκένε̄ [with σκ for κτ, Schwyzer 326]), 1. pl. ἔ-κτᾰ-μεν, 3. pl. ἔ-κτᾰν; to this the present -κτέν-ι̯ω \> κτείνω, the aorist ἔκτᾰν-ον, ἔκτεινα. Further details in Schwyzer 697 u. 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 380f. a. 449f. - Cf. καίνω. - The root was prob. * tken-, Hardarsson, Stud. Wurzelaor. 186. - Against connection with Skt. akṣata Strunk, Nasalpräs. u. Aoriste 99 n. 265.Page in Frisk: 2,33Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > κτείνω
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83 λοῖσθος 1
λοῖσθος 1.Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `the last' (Ψ 536).Derivatives: λοίσθιος (Pi., trag., Theoc., A. R.), (τὸ) λοίσθιον adv. `at last'. λοισθήϊος `regarding the last', (τὰ) λοισθήϊα `the last price' (Ψ 785, 751; as ἀριστήϊον, -ϊα; cf. Risch 46); λοίσθημα τέλος, πέρας H. (on the nominal deriv. Chantraine Form. 178). Unclear λοίσθωνας τοὺς ἀκρατεῖς περὶ τὰ ἀφροδίσια H. and λοισθώνη ἡ θρασεῖα Suid. - Details in Seiler Steigerungsformen 121; on λοῖσθος: - ιος also Chantraine 37.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: No etymology. Al suggested explanations are unconvincing: from *λοιhισ-θϜ-ος "the weakest in the course" to θέω and Germ. * laisiz `less' in NEngl. less a. o. (Osthoff MU 6, 314ff.); from *λοιhισ-τος (WP. 2, 388; rejected by Schwyzer 537 n. 7); to Lith. léidžiu, léisti `let', Lat. lūdus `game' etc. (Danielsson Altital. Stud. 4, 171ff.; Person Beitr. 2, 711 n. 1 a. 962, Brugmann IF 18, 433ff.; in details diff.); from *λοhισ-τος to Goth. las-iws `weak, powerless' etc. (Solmsen IF 13, 140ff.). Diff. again Scheftelowitz KZ 56, 179: from * sloidh-to- to OCS po-slědьńь ' ἔσχατος, utmost, last' (from slědъ `trace'), Lith. slýsti, slýdau `glide', ὀλισθάνω etc.; IE *( s)leidh-'slippery, glide' (WP. 2, 707f., Pok. 970f.).Page in Frisk: 2,135Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοῖσθος 1
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84 λύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `loosen, liberate, make loose, destroy, pay'.Other forms: aor. λῦσαι, fut. λύσω, perf. midd. λέλῠμαι, aor. pass. λῠθῆναι (Il.), aor. midd. also λύμην, λύ(ν)το (Hom.), perf. act. λέλῡκα.Compounds: very often with prefix, e.g. ἀνα, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, κατα-, παρα-. As 1. member λῦσ(ι)- in governing compp., e.g. λυσί-πονος, λυσι-τελής (s. v.), PN like Λυσί-μαχος, shortname Λυσίας a. o.; as 2. member in βου-λῡ-τός (s. v.).Derivatives: 1. λύσις `loosenig, liberation' (Ω 655 a. ι 421; cf. Krarup Class. et Med. 10, 4f.. Benveniste Noms d'agent 77, Holt Les noms d'action en - σις 71ff., Porzig Satzinhalte 196), from the prefixcompp. ἀπό-, ἀνά-, διά-, κατά-, ἔκ-λυσις etc. (Thgn., Sol., IA; cf. Holt [s. Index]); davon ( κατα-, ἀπο-)λύσιμος `good for loosening etc.' (trag., Pl., Arist.; Arbenz 66 u. 68); also λύσιος `bringing loosening', surn. of the gods, esp. Dionysos (Pl., Plu.). 2. λύματα pl. = ἐνέχυρα (Suid.); but κατάλῠ-μα n. `inn' (hell.) with - μάτιον (hell. pap.) from κατα-λύω `dismiss, unloose'. 3. Aeol. Dor. λύα f. (Alc., Pi.), λύη (Hdn. Gr.) `loosening, saparation, στάσις'; from it, but deviant in meaning, Λυαῖος, - αία surn. of Dionysos resp. the Great Goddess ( Anakreont., IG 5: 2, 287 [I--IIp]; Tim. Pers. 132), cf. Danielsson Eranos 5, 52 and Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 11 w. n. 1, Lat. LW [loanword] Lyaeus. - 4. ( ἀνα-, κατα-) λυτήρ, - ῆρος m. `liberator, looser, arbiter' (A., E., hell. inscr.) with ( ἐκ-)λυτήριος `loosing, liberating' (Hp., trag.); λυτήριον = λύτρον (Pi., A. R.), but καταλυτήριον = κατάλυμα (Poll., s. above). Fem. λύτειρα (Orph.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 128), also λυτηριάς (Orph.). 5. δια-, κατα-, ἀνα-, συν-λύτης `looser, resp. loging guest, looser, conciliator' (Th., resp. Plb.); here and after λύσις, λύω ( ἀνα-, κατα-, ἐκ-, παρα- etc.) λυτικός `good for loosing.' (Pl., Arist.). - 6. λύτρον `ransom' (usu. pl.), `substitute, retribution' (Pi., IA.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 203 f., Chantraine Formation 332) with ( ἀπο-, παρα-, ἐκ-)λυτρόω, - όομαι `give free for ransom etc.' (Att.), from where (-) λύτρωσις, λυτρώσι-μος, λυτρωτής, ἀπολυτρωτικός (hell.).Etymology: The regular Greek formal system is the result of nivellation. Old was the athematic aorist λύ-μην, λύ-το (Schwyzer 740, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 382), new prob. the themat. present λύω with original short (Hom.), then also long (Att.; sts. also Hom.) υ, prob. after λῦσαι etc. (cf. Schwyzer 686, Chantraine 1, 372; also Schulze Q. 387 f., Bonfante Emerita 1, 117). Further agrees with λῠ́ω Lat. luō `mend, pay', to which solvō (from *sĕ-luō) `solve'; the long vowel in so-lū-tus and in Skt. lū-na- `cut off' has an agreement in βου-λῡ-τός (against λύ-το, λύ-σις etc.). The Skt. verb deviates both formally and semantically ('cut off, divide, destroy usw.') with the nasal presents lu-nā́-ti, lu-no-ti; the other finite forms are much later; on full grade verbal nouns (e.g. laví-, lavítra-) s. on λαῖον (not in λοι-δορέω). - From other languages there are isolated verbal nouns or verb forma, which are unimportant for Greek, like Goth. lun acc. sg. ' λύτρον, ransom'; with n-suffix Alb. laj `pay a debt' (from IE *lǝu̯n-i̯ō?). Besides with s-enlargement Germ. e.g. Goth. fra-liusan `lose' (IE * leus-) wiht fralusts `loss' (IE. * lus-ti-), fra-lus-nan `be lost'. - More forms WP. 2, 407 f., Pok. 681 f., W.-Hofmann s. 2. luō.Page in Frisk: 2,149-150Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λύω
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85 ματεύω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `search, seek, strive to' (Ξ 110);Other forms: ματέω in μάτης (Theoc. 29, 15; Aeol. *μάτημι), ματεῖ ζητεῖ, ματῆσαι μαστεῦσαι, ζητῆσαι, μάσσαι ζητῆσαι H., ματεῖσθαι ζητεῖσθαι (Hp. ap. Erot.).Compounds: Also with preflx ἐσ- ματέομαι, - μάσασθαι (Hp.), ἐμ-, κατ-εμ-ματέω (Nik.) `feel in, stick in (the hand, the sting)'.Derivatives: μάτος n. `investigation' (Hp. ap. Gal.), ματήρ ἐπίσκοπος, ἐπιζητῶν, ἐρευνητής with ματηρεύειν μα\<σ\> τεύειν, ζητεῖν H.Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: To ματέω, from where prob. secondarily ματεύω (cf. Schwyzer 732), agree formally δατέομαι, πατέομαι; so we have probably to start from a nominal τ-stem (see Schwyzer 705 f.; cf. also Bechtel Lex. s. ματεύω). The verbal nouns ἄ-δασ-τος, ἄ-πασ-τος have a parallel in ἀ-προτί-μαστος; to the aorists δάσ(σ)ασθαι, πάσ(σ)ασθαι comform - μάσ(σ)ασθαι, μάσσαι. So the verbal σ-forms just like the nominal μαστύς, μαστήρ, μάστιξ etc., also μάσμα, can be connected with ματέω. From these σ-forms also μαστεύω may have got its σ. With δατέομαι: δαίομαι compare ματέω: μαίομαι. But while we have for the explanation of δαίομαι certain comparanda outside Greek, μαίομαι has no certain analysis; cf. s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,184Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ματεύω
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86 μιμνήσκω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `remind (oneself), give heed, care for, make mention'; usu. - ομαι (- ῄσκω, Schwyzer 709f., Aeol. μιμναισκω [Gramm.], μνήσκεται Anacr.); fut. μνήσω, - ομαι, aor. μνῆσαι (Dor. μνᾶσαι), - ασθαι, perf. midd. μέμνημαι (Dor. -μνᾱ-, Aeol. - μναι-) with fut. μεμνήσομαι (all Il.), aor. pass. μνησθῆναι (δ 418, Aeol. μνασθῆναι) with fut. μνησθήσομαι (IA); pres. also μνάομαι, μνῶμαι, μνώοντο, μνωόμενος etc. (Il.), `woo for one's bride, court' (Od.) `solicit' (Hdt., Pi.), προ-μνάομαι `court for' (S., Pl., X.); cf. below.Compounds: Often with prefix, esp. ὑπο-, ἀνα-, with παρ-, προσ-υπομιμνήσκω, ἐπ-, συν-, προ-αναμιμνήσκω.Derivatives: 1. μνῆμα, Dor. Aeol. μνᾶμα n. `memorial, monument, tomb' (Il.) with μνημ-εῖον, Ion. -ήϊον, Dor. μναμ- `id.' (Dor., IA; cf. σῆμα: σημεῖον a.o., Chantraine Form. 61, Schwyzer 470), rare a. late - άτιον, - άδιον, - άφιον, - όριον (s. μεμόριον); μνηματίτης λόγος `funeral oration' (Choerob., Eust.; Redard 47); ὑπόμνη-μα `remembrance, note' (Att.) with - ματικός, - ματίζομαι -- 2. μνήμη, Dor. μνάμα f. `remembrance, mention' (Dor., IA; μνή-σ-μη Lycaonia); from this or from μνῆμα: μνημ-ήϊος `as a remembrance' (Phryg.), - ίσκομαι = μιμνήσκομαι (Pap.). -- 3. μνεία f. `remembrance, mention' (Att.), verbal noun \< * μνᾱ-ΐα as πεν-ία a.o. (cf. Chantraine Form. 81), hardly with Schwyzer 425 foll. Sandsjoe Adj. auf - αιος 75f. enlarged from a root noun *μνᾱ. -- 4. μνῆστις ( μνᾶσ-) f. `remembrance, thought, renown' (ν 280) with - σ- as in μνη-σ-θῆναι, μνη-σ-τύς etc.; rather after λῆστις (s. λανθάνω) than with Porzig Satzinhalte 196 the other way round. -- 5. ἀνά-, ὑπό-μνη-σις `remembrance, admonition' (Att.); also μνησι- as verbal 1. member e.g. in μνησι-κακέω `remember the (suffered) wrong' with - ία, - ος (IA). -- 6. μνηστύς, - ύος f. `courting' (Od.), later replaced by μνηστ-εία, - ευμα (s. μνηστεύω); attempt at semantic differentiation by Benveniste Noms d'agent 68f. -- 7. μνηστήρ (μνᾱσ-), - τῆρος m. `wooer' (Od.; on μνηστήρ: μνηστύς Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 32 n. 2), also name of a month ( μναστήρ, Messene; cf. Γαμη-λιών and Fraenkel 1, 162); adjectiv. `remembering, reminding' (Pi.; Fraenkel 1, 156 f.), f. μνήστειρα `bride' (AP, `reminding' (Pi.); μνῆστρον `betrothal, marriage' ( Cod. Just.) ; προμνήστρ-ια ( προ-μνάομαι) f. `(woman) matchmaker' (E., Ar., Pl.), - ίς `id.' (X.). -- 8. μνήστωρ `mindful' (A.); on μνήσ-τωρ, - τήρ Fraenkel 2, 12, Benveniste Noms d'agent 47. -- 9. μνηστή f. `wood and won, wedded, memorable' (Hom., A. R.) also `worth remembering' ( Sammelb. 6138), πολυ-μνήστη (- ος) `much wood' (Od.), also `mindful, remaining in memory' (Emp., A.); but Ἄ-μνᾱτος (Gortyn; Schwyzer 503); from this μνηστεύω ( μνασ-) `woo a wife' (Od.), also `canvass a job' with μνήστευμα (E.), - εία (hell.) `wooing'. --10. μνήμων ( μνά-), - ονος m. f., first from μνῆμα, but also directly associated with the verb, `mindful' (Od.), often as title of an office `notary, registrator' (Halic., Crete, Arist.), with μνημο-σύνη `remembrance' (Θ 181); cf. Wyss - σύνη 34; also as name of one of the Muses (h. Merc., Hes.); - συνον n. `id.' (Hdt., Th., Ar.); prob. poetical (Wyss 50); - ος `for remembrance' (LXX); besides Μναμόν-α (Ar. Lys. 1248; cf. on εὑφρόνη), Μνημ-ώ (Orph.) = Μνημοσύνη. Denominat. μνημον-εύω `remember' (IA) with μνημόνευ-σις, - μα etc. Adj. μνημον-ικός `for remembrance, with good memory' (Att.). -- 11. PN like Μνησεύς (Pl.; short name of Μνήσ-αρχος, Bosshardt 130), Μνασίλλει (Boeot.); Μνασέας; prob. hellenis. of Sem. Mǝnašše = Μανασση (Schulze Kl. Schr. 394 f.; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 414).Etymology: The above paradigm, together with the nominal formations built on a general μνᾱ-, is a purely Greek creation. The basis of the generalized system were of course one or a few verbal forms; as however the new system was already complete at the beginneing of Greek and the cognate languages present nothing that could be compared directly with the Greek forms, we can no more follow its creation. A monosyllabic IE * mnā- is found in class. Sanskrit, as in aor. a-mnā-siṣ-uḥ `they mentioned', which typologically reminds of μνῆ-σ-αι, in the perf. act. ma-mnau (gramm.), prob. innovation to midd. ma-mn-e (cf. μέμονα) and not (with Brugmann Grundr.2 II: 3,441) to be connected with μέμνημαι; further in - mnā-ta- `mentioned' and mnā-ya-te `is mentioned', with which agree on the one hand Ἄ-μνᾱ-τος and - with secondary σ (Schwyzer 503) - μνη-σ-τή, on the other hand μνάομαι. But the last is undoubtedly analogically innovated after wellknown patterns to μνήσασθαι etc.; also the verbal adj. does not look archaic. The development of μιμνήσκω has been prob. about the same as with κικλήσκω (where however καλέ-σαι was retained) or with βιβρώσκω (s.v.), where also non-Greek agreements to βρω- are rare or doubtful. The general re-creation isolated μιμνήσκω both formally and semantically from the old μέμονα and even more from μαίνομαι. -- From μνάομαι `remind, mention' developed as courteous expression the meaning `woo a woman, court'; s. Benveniste Sprachgesch. u. Wortbed. 13 ff., where also against the connection with γυνή (Schwyzer 726 n. 1). Against Benveniste Ambrosini Rend. Acc. Lincei 8: 10, 62ff. with new interpretation: to δάμνημι, ἀδμής; not convincing. -- Further rich lit. in WP. 2, 264ff., Pok. 726ff., W. -Hofmann s. meminī, Fraenkel Lit. et. Wb. s. miñti. Cf. μαίνομαι, μέμονα, μένος.Page in Frisk: 2,238-241Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μιμνήσκω
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87 νάσσω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `stamp down, squeeze close, press together, stuff' (φ 122).Derivatives: Verbaladj. ναστός `pressed together, stuffed full' (medic., J.), substant. (sc. πλακοῦς) m. name of a cake (com.) with ναστίσκος m. (Pherecr.); also νακτός `pressed together' (Plu.); νακτά τοὺς πίλους καὶ τὰ ἐμπίλια H. -- Verbal subst. νάγμα n. `closely sqeezed stone-wall' (J.). From the attestations it is not clear, whether the verbal stem orig. ended in a velar ( νάξαι φ 122) or a dental ( νασ-τός from *νατ-τός?); perh. best is, to take ναστός and νένασμαι as analogical (after παστός, πέπασμαι?).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: Etymology unknown; connection with νάκος `woollen skin' (s.v.) cannot be proven. Other combinations by Sommer Lautst. 57. -- Here as LW [loanword] Lat. naccae `fullones', perh. from *νάκται; further s. W.-Hofmann s.v. - The verb may well be Pre-Greek.Page in Frisk: 2, 291Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νάσσω
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88 νήχυτος
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `streaming richly, overflowing', ὕδωρ, ἅλμη, ἱδρώς a.o. (hell. poetry); on ἐπινήχυτος `id.' ( δῶρα, Orph. A. 39, 312) s. below.Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: Can hardly be separated from the other frequent formations in - χυτος (: χέω) as ἀμφίχυ-τος, ἀ-διάχυ-τος, οἰνό-χυτος; than νη- (as opposed to νήριτος, νηλεής etc.) must be an artificial formation (Schwyzer 431 n. 7; not to νει-όθεν etc. with Prellwitz a. Bq). As however the comp. ἐπινήχυτος clearly belongs to ἐπινήχομαι, the question arises, whether νήχυτος was not in a parallel way connected with νήχομαι, which would fit the meaning better.Page in Frisk: 2,Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > νήχυτος
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89 ὄνομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to scold, to blame, to insult' (Hom., also Hdt.).Other forms: Aor. ὀνόσ(σ)ασθαι ( ὤνατο P 25; cf. below), fut. ὀνόσ-σομαι, with κατα- in κατ-ώνοντο, -ονοσθῃ̃ς (Hdt. 2, 172 a. 136).Derivatives: Verbal adj. ὀνο-τός (Pi., Call., A. R.), ὀνο-σ-τός (Ι 164, Lyc.; - σ- analogical, s. Schwyzer 503; cf. also below and Ammann Μνήμης χάριν 1, 15); dental formation in ὀνοτ-άζω = ὄνομαι (h. Merc., Hes., A.); ὀνητά μεμπτά H., prob. after the oppositum ἀγητά (if not false for ὀνοστά with Baunack Phil. 70, 464 f.); ὄνοσις f. `blame' (Eust.).Etymology: All forms except ὤνατο (rather aor. then ipf.), ὄναται ἀτιμάζεται H. and the debated οὔνεσθε (Ω 241) are based on ὀνο- (further Schwyzer 681 w. n. 4, ChantraineGramm. hom. 1, 295f. a. 382); ὀνα- is not an old ablautvariant (Schw. 362, Persson Beitr. 2, 669) but a sec. deviation. -- Without certain non-Greek agreement. Quite hypothetic is the comparison with some Celt. words, e.g. MIr. on `shame', anim (a- reduced grade?) `blemish, fault'. The comparison with the not quite reliable GAv. ptc. nadant- `slandering, reviling' (ἅπ. λεγ.) and with Skt. níndati `blame, revile' (as ní-nd- ati; but rather ní-n-d- ati, s. ὄνειδος and Mayrhofer s. níndati and nádati) is based on the wrong assumption, that ὀνόσσ-ασθαι, - ομαι and ὀνοστός go back on ὀνοδ-, instead of being analogical. Uncertain is connection with Hitt. hanna- `contend, contest' Puhvel, Hitt.Et.Dict. 3, 83. -- Details w. older lit. in Bq, WP. 1, 180, Pok. 779, also W.-Hofmann s. nota. Far remains ὄνομα, s. Bq and W.-Hofmann a. O., also WP. 1, 132. To be rejected also Specht Ursprung 126.Page in Frisk: 2,397Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄνομαι
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90 ὄπωπα
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `I watch, observe, view, contemplate' (Il.).Other forms: Perf. w. innovated ipf. ὀπώπεον (Orph.) and aor. ὀπωπήσασθαι (Euph.). -- Beside fut. ὄψομαι, like the following forms often w. prefix, e.g. ἀπ-, ἐπ(ι)-, κατ-, προ-, ὑπ-, ὑπερ-, (Il.). Aor. pass. ὀφθῆναι (IA.) w. fut. ὀφθήσομαι, perf. midd. ὦμμαι (Att.). - As present to ὄπωπα is used a.o. ὁράω, s.v.Derivatives: ὀπωπ-ή f. `observation, view, eyeball', pl. `eyes' (Od., A. R.), - ητήρ m. `scout' (h. Merc. 15; cf. Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 108f., partly diff., Zumbach Neuerungen 7 w. n. 14, Benveniste Noms d'agent 39), - ια n. pl. (sc. ὀστέα) `the bones of the eyes' (Hp.). -- Several derivv., esp. w. τ-formant: 1. verbaladj. ὀπ-τός (Luc. Lex. 9, Ath.), earlier a. more usual from the prefixed verbs, e.g. ὕπ-, ἄπ-, κάτ-, πρό-οπ-τος ( προὖπτος) with ὑπ-, ἀπ-, κατ-οπτ-εύω, ὑποψ-ία etc. 2. nom. ag. a. instr.: a) ἐπ-, κατ- (h. Merc. 372), ὑπερ-, δι-όπ-της etc., also w. ἐπ-, κατ-, ὑπερ-, δι-οπτ-εύω (Κ 451 beside διοπ-τήρ 562); from there simplex ὀπτεύω (Ar. Av. 1061; Leumann Hom. Wörter 113); b) ὀπ-τήρ m. `scout' (Od.), also w. δι-, ἐπ-, κατ-; from there ὀπτήρ-ια n.pl. `gifts on seeing a person' (E., Call.); c) δί-, εἴσ-, ἔν-, κάτ-οπ-τρον n. (Alc., Pi., A.) w. derivv. 3. Adj.: ὀπτ-ικός `of sight', - ική f. `optics' (Arist.), older (Pl.) συν-, ἐπ-, ὑπερ-οπτ-ικός. 4. nom. actionis: ὄψ, ὀπ-ός f. `eye, face' (Emp. 88, Antim. 65), more often as 2. member, e.g. οἶν-οψ `winecoloured' (Hom.); ὄψις ( ἔπ-, πρόσ-, σύν-) f. `sight, vision, view, appearance' (Il.); ὄψανον n. `appearance' (A. Ch. 534; suffixcombination, Schwyzer 517). 5. on `eye': ὀπτ-ίλ(λ)ος m. see ὀφθαλμός (s.v.). 6. Verbs: ὀπτ-άνομαι (LXX, hell.), - άζομαι (LXX) `to appear, to become visible', prob. after αἰσθάνομαι (diff. Schwyzer 700 n. 2) resp. αὑγάζομαι; ὀπταίνω (Eust.; like παπταίνω a.o.).Etymology: As basis of all these formen served an in its original function unclear word ὀπ- ('see' or `eye'), which is also contained in ὄπις, ὄσσε, ὄμμα, ὤψ (s. vv.); ὄσσε from *ὄκ-ι̯ε points to IE * h₃ekʷ-, which has several representatives in many IE languages; cf. on ὄσσε.Page in Frisk: 2,407-408Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὄπωπα
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91 ὁράω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to look, to perceive, to contemplate, to see' (Il.).Other forms: Ion. also ὀρέω (Hdt.), and besides ὅρηαι (ξ 343), ὁρητο (A 56 a. 198 after Zenodot, accent uncertain), ὀρῃ̃ς, -ῃ̃, - ῆν (Hp., Democr., Herod.), Aeol. ὄρημι (Sapph.), ὄρη (Theoc.); ipf. ἑώρων (Att.), ep. 3. sg. ὅρα, Ion. ὥρα (Hdt.) etc.; pres. also ὄρονται (ξ 104) with - ντο (γ 471), ὅρει φυλάσσει H.; innovated perf. act. ἑόρακα (Att., also ἑώρ-), Ion. ὀρώρηκα a. ὤρηκα (Herod.), Dor. ptc. ὡρακυῖα (Epid.), midd. ἑώραμαι (late Att.), aor. pass. ὁραθῆναι (Arist., D.S.), plqu. also ὀρώρει (Ψ 112).Derivatives: Few derivv., almost all hell. and late, as opposed to the older ones which derive from primary ὀπ- (s. ὄπωπα) and ἰδεῖν: 1. ὁρᾶ-τός `visible' (Hp., Pl.), προ-ορατός `who can be foreseen' (X. Cyr. 1, 6,23) as against πρό-οπτος ( προὖπ-τος) `foreseen, apparent' (IA.); 2. ὅραμα n. `sight, spectacle, apparition' (X., Arist., LXX), παρ- ὁράω (hell. a. late), m. ὁραματίζομαι (Aq.) against ὄμμα, εἶδος (s.vv.); 3. ὅρασις f., also with προ-, παρ-, ὑπερ- a.o., `sight, face, look, apparition', pl. also `eyes' (Demad., Arist., Men.) against ὄψις; ὑφόρα-σις `suspicion' (Plb.) for older ὑποψ-ία; 4. ὁρατής m. `viewer' (LXX, Plu.) against ὀπτήρ `scout'; ὁρατήρ H. as explanation of ὀπτήρ; 5. ὁρατικός `able to see, provided with sight' (Arist., Ph.), ἐφ- ὁράω `fit for oversight' (X.): ἐποπτ-ικός `belonging to ἐπόπτης' (Pl.). 6. ὁρατίζω `to catch sight of, to aim for' (medic. IVp). 7. οὖρος m. `watcher', ἐπίουρος s. v.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1164] *u̯er- `observe, note'Etymology: From the ipf. ἑώρων (\< *ἠ-Ϝόρων; w. asp. after ὁρῶ) and the pf. ἑόρακα (\< *Ϝε-Ϝόρακα; ἑώρ- after the ipf.) we conclude to an orig. Ϝ-, which however neither in Homer nor epigraphically has left a trace, and also in Myc. oromeno is absent; whether the asper hangs together with the older Ϝ-, remains uncertain (Schwyzer 22 6 f. w. lit.). -- The above presentforms, from which come all non-present forms including the verbal nouns, seem to require three diff. stems: 1. Ϝορᾶ- in ὁρά-ω, from which perh. purely phonetically Ion. ὀρέω (Schwyzer 242); 2. Ϝορη- in Aeol. ὄρημι, ὄρη, ep. ὅρηαι a.o. (s. above); 3. Ϝορ- in ὄρονται, - ντο, ὅρει. Orig. *Ϝορᾶ-ι̯ω can be either an iterative-intensive deverbative of the type ποτάομαι (s. Schwyzer 718 f.), with which the meaning fits well, or be explained as denominative from *Ϝορά̄ f., which is found in φρουρά from *προ-hορά (\< *προ-Ϝορά) and in German., e.g. OHG wara f. `attentiveness', wara neman ' wahrnehmen': IE *u̯orā́ f., beside which Toch. A war, B were `flavour', IE *u̯oro-s m. Difficult to judge however is (Ϝ)όρη-μι etc. It looks like a disyllabic athemat. formation, and ὀρῃ̃ς, -ῃ̃, - ῆν can have been tranformed from this by thematization (Schwyzer 680). One may compare Lat. verē-ri `observe scrupulously, venerate', though with ablauting stemvowel. Weakest attested is the primary monosyll. (orig. athematic?; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 311) ὄρονται, - ντο (to which also ὅρει in H.?); it regards moreover the same formulaic expression: ἐπὶ δ' ἀνέρες ἐσθλοὶ ὄρονται (- ντο), thus in plqu. ἐπὶ δ' ἀνηρ ἐσθλὸς ὀρώρει. Here too the o-vowel is remarkable, though analogous cases can be found like ὄθομαι, οἴχομαι a.o. (Schwyzer 721, Chantraine l.c.). To the primry verb belong both *προ-Ϝορ-ά in φρουρά (s. above and s.v.) and the form which occurs only in compounds as 2. member, - (Ϝ)ορ-ός, `guardian', e.g. θυρ-, τιμ-ωρός, κηπουρός from θυρα-, τιμα-, κηπο-Ϝορ-ός; it agrees formally (but not functionally) with Germ., e.g. OS war `attentive, cautious', OHG giwar `id., gewahr'. The other word belonging to this group from diff. languages, e.g. Latv. veruôs, vērtiês `inspect, observe', Toch. A wär, B wär-sk- `smell', Hitt. u̯erite- `fear', give nothing for Greek. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 284f., Pok. 1164, W.-Hofmann s. vereor. On the suppletive system ὁράω: ὄψομαι: εἶδον: ἑόρακα Gonda Lingua 9, 178 ff., Bloch Suppl. Verba 91 ff. ; on the expressions for `see, eye' in Greek Prévot Rev. de phil. 61, 133ff., 233ff. -- S. also 2. οὖρος, ὤρα.Page in Frisk: 2,409-410Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὁράω
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92 ὀρταλίς
Grammatical information: f.Meaning: `hen' (Nic. Al. 294).Derivatives: ὀρτάλιχος m. `young bird' (A. Ag. 54, Ar. Ach. 871, AP, Opp.), `young animal' (S. Fr. 793), `chick' (Theoc.), - ιχεύς m. `id.' (Nic. Al. 228: acc. - ῆα, metr. enlargement at verse-end; Bosshardt 64). Denomin. ἀν-ορταλίζω `to prance, to clap the wings like a hen (cock)' v.t. (Ar. Eq. 1344).Origin: XX [etym. unknown]Etymology: Popular formations in - ίς resp. - ιχος ( ἀηδονίς, κόψιχος etc.; Chantraine 344 a. 403, Schwyzer 465 a. 498), first from an λ-stem (unless rather with complete - αλίς as in συκ-αλίς, δορκ-αλίς [: δορκ-άς] a.o.), lastly from a noun *ὀρτος of unknown meaning. The obvious connection with ὄρνυμαι `rise, come into movement' (cf. κονι-ορ-τός, θέ-ορ-τος) does not mean much semantically. Cf. Baunack Phil. 70, 465 f.Page in Frisk: 2,428-429Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ὀρταλίς
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93 πέλας
Grammatical information: Adv.Meaning: `near, nearby' (Od.); ὁ πέλας `nearest one, neighbour, next one' (IA.). Beside it 1. the nasalpresent πίλναμαι ( πίλ-ν-α-μαι), - νάω, also w. ἐπι-, προσ-, `to draw near' (Il.; for the formation cf. κίρνημι s. κεράννυ-μι); 2. the athem. aor. πλῆ-το (Il.), with which ἐπλά̄-θην (trag. in lyr.), πέ-πλη-μαι (Od.), πλά̄-θω (trag. in lyr.); 3. the σ-aor. πελά-σ(σ)αι `to draw near', also `to bring near', midd. - σασθαι, pass. - σθῆναι (Il.), to which as new presents πελάζω, also w. ἐμ-, ἐπι-, προσ- (Ε 766), πελάθω (trag. in lyr.), πελάω, ἐμ- πέλας (h. Hom. 7, 44, hell.); fut. πελῶ (Att.).Derivatives: 1. πελά-της, Dor. - τας m. `one who comes near, serf, jobber' (trag., Pl.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 42), f. - τις (Plu.), with - τικός (D.H.); ἐμπελά-τειρα f. = πελάτις (Call., Euph.); 2. πέλα-σις f. ( ἐμ-, προσ-) `approach' (S.E., Procl.); 3. ἄ-πλη-τος (ep.), ἄ-πλᾱ-τος (Dor., trag.) `unapproachable, appalling'; 4. πλᾶ-τις, - ιδος f. `wife' (Ar., Lyc.); 5. τειχεσι-πλῆτα voc. surn. of Ares (Ε 31, 455; meaning unclear, cf. below and Fraenkel l.c.); 6. πλήτης πλησιαστής H. (from 5. concluded?). -- On δασπλῆτις s. v. -- Old adv. πλησίον (Il.), Aeol. πλά̄-σιον, Dor. πλᾱτίον `near', beside which the adj. πλησίος `standing nearby, neighbouring' (ep. ion. Il.); as 1. member e.g. in πλησιό-χωρος `neighbouring' (IA.). From this πλησι-ότης f. `neighbourhood' (A. D.); πλησι-άζω (Dor. πλᾱτι-) `to approach, to accompany, to associate with' (Att.) with - ασμός, - ασμα, - ασις (Arist.).Etymology: No certain agreement outside Greek. After Lobeck in Curtius 278 orig. "striking against (anstoßend)" (cf. ἴκταρ with several meaning parallels); further to Lat. pellō `push', Celt., e.g. OIr. ad-ella (\< * pel-nā-t = Lat. appellat) `visits', fut. eblaid \< * pi-plā-seti `will drive' (Froehde BB. 3, 308 resp. Vendryes MSL 16, 301 f.). Traces of this more concrete meaning can perh. still be found in expressions like πέλασε χθονί `threw to the ground', ὀδύνησι πελάζειν `sink in sorrow'; also in τειχεσι-πλῆτα as surn. of Ares ("wall-stormer ?). So πέλας as old nom. (- acc.; Schwyzer 516 n. 620) prop. "(first) push"; similar πλᾱτίον, πλησίον lengthened from an adverbial *πλᾱ-τ-ι (Schw. 621, 623)? The weakness of this in itself quite possible explanation lies in the absence of certain morphological criteria; the Celt. forms seem to agree in ablaut with the Greek ones (IE * pelh₂-, plā-); cf. OIr. adella `visits' and πλησιάζει `associates with'. Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 57f., Pok. 801 f., W.-Hofmann s. pellō. Vgl. πλήν, πλήσσω.Page in Frisk: 2,494-495Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πέλας
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94 πήγνυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).Other forms: Dor. Aeol. πάγ-, also - ύω (X., Arist.), πήσσω, - ττω (hell.), aor. πῆξαι ( ἔπηκτο Λ 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. παγῆναι, πηχθῆ-ναι, fut. πήξω, perf. act. intr. πέπηγα (all Il.), trans. plqu. ἐπεπήχεσαν (D. C.), midd. πέπηγμαι (D. H., Arr.).Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ἐν-, συν-, κατα-, παρα-. Compounds: πηγεσί-μαλλος `dense of wool' (Γ 197; - εσι- prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); - πηξ, e.g. in ἀντί-πηξ, - γος f. `kind of chest' (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); ναυ-πηγ-ός m. `shipbuilder' (Att. etc.); - πηγ-ής and - παγ-ής, e.g. εὑ-πηγ-ής. εὑ-παγ-ής `well built' (φ 334, Pl.), περιπηγ-ής `frozen around' (Nic.); συμπαγ-ής `put together' (Pl.).Derivatives: A. From the full grade: 1. πηγός `solid, dense, strong' (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, `fixing' (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. `white', also `black' (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. πηγάς, - άδος f. `hoar-frost, rime' (Hes.); 3. πηγυλίς f. `frosty, icecold' (ξ 476, A. R.), `hoar-frost, rime' (AP a.o.). 3. πῆγμα ( διά-, παρά-, σύμ-, πρόσ- πήγνυμι a.o.) n. `smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.' (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), - μάτιον (Ph., Procl.); 4. πῆξις ( σύμ-, ἔκ-, ἔμ- πήγνυμι a.o.) f. `fixing, fastening, coagulation' (Hp., Arist.); πήγνυσις f. `id.' (Ps.-Thales). 5. πηκτός, Dor. πᾱκ- ( κατά-, σύμ-, εὔ- πήγνυμι a.o.) `solid etc.' (in Att.); πηκτή f. `set up net, framework' (Ar., Arist.), πακτά f. `fresh cheese' (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); ἐμπήκτης m. `one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)' (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); πηκτίς (Dor. Aeol. πακ-), - ίδος f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); πηκτικός ( ἐκ- πήγνυμι) `making coagulate, congeal' (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. πηγετός m. = παγ- (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: πάγος, - ετός, - ερός, πάγη, πάξ, πάχνη, s. vv. (not πάσσαλος); also πάγιος `stout, solid' (Pl., Arist.) and παγεύς m. `pedestal' (Hero). Further also πᾰκ-τός in καταπακ-τός, (Hdt.) and πακτό-ω ( ἐπι-, ἐμ- πήγνυμι) `to fix' (IA.; πακτός for trad. πηκτός in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).Etymology: Beside the νυ-present πήγ-νυ-μι (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. pa-n-g-ō `consolidate, fix together' (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. fahan, OHG fāhan from PGerm. * fa-n-χ-an (IE *paḱ- beside *paǵ-) `fasten, catch'. An analogous pair is ζεύγ-νυ-μι: iu-n-g-ō. Also the reduplicated perfekt πέ-πηγ-α has a formal agreement in Lat. pe-pig-ī with zero grade as in opt. πεπαγοίην (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further πηγός and pāgus m. `district, village'; also, with secondary full grade, πηκτός and com-pāctus, πῆξις and com-pācti-ō. The original zero grade is in πακτός and păctus ( sum, beside păciscor) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations πάγος etc., in Germ., e.g. OS fac n. `encompassing frontier, NHG Fach. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. p'akem `close, shut off'. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. pangō and pacīscō. (Not here πήγανον.)Page in Frisk: 2,525-526Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πήγνυμι
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95 πρίασθαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to buy' (Od.).Derivatives: Neg. vbaladj. ἀ-πρία-τος in ἀπριάτην acc. sg. f. `unbought, without ransom' (A 99, h. Cer.132), as adv. `gratuitous' (ξ317, Agath.4,22), pl. ἀπριάτας (Pi. Fr. 169, 8); PN Άπριάτη; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 167 f.Etymology: Old inherited, in Greek isolated aorist. Closest to the Greek form comes the OIr. subj. ni-cria `emat' (IE *kʷrii̯āt); remarkably Greek does not have the both in Sanskrit and Celt. and in Slav. wellknown nasalpresent, Skt. krīṇā́ti (for older *kriṇā́ti), OIr. crenim, ORuss. krьnuti `buy'. A corresponding Gr. *πρίνημι had become awkward because of the resembling opposite πέρνημι, Aeol. πορνάμεν `sell' (Meillet BSL 26, 14). The vbaladj. ἀ-πρία-τος can be identified with Skt. krītá- `bought' (ια \< ih₂e = Skt. ī \< ih₂; Schwyzer 363 w. lit. and 743, where also on the other forms). -- To the further numerous, in the separate languages appearing derivations, e.g. Skt. krayá- m. `purchase(price) \< * kʷroih₂-o-', OIr. crīth `payment, purchase', OLith. krienas `price', Toch. B karyor, A kuryar `purchase, trade', Greek has no correspondence. -- Further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 1, 523 f., Pok. 648 and in the relevant dictionaries.Page in Frisk: 2,594-595Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πρίασθαι
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96 σβέννυμι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `quench, to extinguish, to be extinguished, extinct (IA.).Other forms: - ύω (Pi., Hp. a. o.), aor. σβέσ(σ)αι (Il.), pass. σβεσθῆναι (IA.), fut. σβέσω (A., E. a. o.); midd. σβέννυμαι (Hes.), aor. σβῆναι (Il.), fut. σβήσομαι (Pl. a. o.), perf. ἔσβηκα (A.), ἔσβεσμαι (Parm. a.o.).Compounds: Also w. prefix, esp. ἀπο- and κατα- (on the use in Hom. Graz Le feu dans l'Il. et l'Od.259ff.).Derivatives: σβέ-σις ( ἀπό-, κατά- σβέννυμι) f. `extinction, putting out' (Arist. etc.), σβεσ-τήρ, - τῆρος m. `extinguisher' (Plu.; not quite certain), - τήριος `useful for extinguishing' (Th. etc.), - τικός `id.' (Arist. etc.); ἄ-σβεσ-τος `unextinguishable' (Hom. a.o.; σβεστός Nonn.), f. (sc. τίτανος) `unslaked lime' (Dsc., Plu. a. o.) with ἀσβεστ-ήριοι and - ωσις H. as explanation of κονιαταί resp. κονίασις. -- Deviating the aor. κατα-σβῶσαι (Herod.). -- Besides some H.glossen: ζείναμεν (- υμεν?) σβέννυμεν, ἐζίνα (for - είν-) ἐπεσβέννυεν, ἀποζίννυται (cod. - ξ-; for - ζείν-) ἀποσβέννυται; ζόασον σβέσον; ζοάσ\< εις\> σ[ε]βέσεις.Etymology: The above formal system is as a whole built on the root σβεσ- in σβέσ-σαι and ἄ-σβεσ-τος. To the aorist σβέσ(σ)αι joined σβέννυμι from *σβέσ-νυ-μι (on the phonetics Schwyzer 697), σβέσω, σβεσθῆναι, ἔσβεσμαι. To this came as innovation ἔσβην, σβῆναι (after ἔστην, ἐκάην, ἐάγην etc.), to which came σβήσομαι, ἔσβηκα. On itself stands κατα-σβῶσαι, which may have an old lengthened grade (cf. below), but which can also with ζόασον, ζοάσεις (s. ab.) be understood as an iterativ (from *σβοῆσαι) of uncertain date. Cf. (with partly diff. view) Schwyzer 719 and 743 w. n. 1. From the byforms with ζ-, ζείναμεν etc., one can conclude for σβέσ(σ)αι, σβέννυμι to an IE * sgʷes-, which cannot be separated from other verbs for `extinguish': Lith. gęs-tù, gès-ti `extinguish, die out', caus. ges-aũ, -ýti `extinguish', Slav., e.g. OCS u-gašǫ, u-gasiti `extinguish' (IE * gʷōs-; also in - σβῶσαι?; s. ab.), Toch. AB käs- `extinguish'; prob. also Skt. jásate `is extinguished', jāsayati `exhaust'. Hitt. kišt-'be extinguished, perish' (e.g. 3. sg. kištari) is however incompatable with the labiovelar in σβέννυμι. If we posit a pure velar g, which is possible for all other languages, σβέννυμαι must be separated. -- Through the initial σ- Greek is distinguished from its cognates. Prob. it concerns a prefix (after Prellwitz s. v. a mutilated ἐξ-). Diff. Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2 I 590) and Schwyzer 743 n. 1 (to be rejected). -- Further forms from the diff. languages with uncertain hypotheses and older lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 693f. (Pok. 479f.); s. also Fraenkel Wb. s. gèsti, Vasmer s. gasítь, W.-Hofmann s. sēgnis.Page in Frisk: 2,685-686Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σβέννυμι
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97 σήπομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to rot, to become rotten', act. `to make rot' (Il.).Other forms: Perf. σέσηπα, aor. σαπῆναι (Il.), fut. σαπήσομαι (Hp., Pl. a. o.), also act. σήπω (IA.), non-pres. forms rare: fut. σήψω (A. Fr. 275 = 478M.), aor. σῆψαι (Ael.).Derivatives: Subst.: 1. σηπεδών, - δόνος f. `decomposition', pl. `rotting juices' (Hp., Antipho Soph., Pl. a. o.; as τηκεδών a. o.), also as des. of a snake, of which the bites cause putrescence (Nic., Ael.; as τερηδών a.o.; Chantraine Form. 360f., Schwyzer 529); from it - δονώδης, - δονικός (medic.); 2. σῆψις ( ἀπό-, σύν- a.o.), Dor. (Ti. Locr.) σᾶψις f. `decomposition, fermentation' (Emp., Hp., Arist. a.o.); 3. σήψ, σηπός f. `festering sore' (Hp., Dsc.), m. kind of snake (also lizard), of which the bites cause thirst and fire (Arist., Nic. a.o.); 4. σήπη f. `decomposition' (Aq.), σηπο-ποιός = σηπτικός (Alex. Aphr.); 5. σηπετοῦ σηπεδόνος H. (from σήπομαι or σήψ; Chantraine Form. 300, Schwyzer 501). -- Adj.: 6. σηπ-τός `rotten' (Arist.), `causing rot' (Dsc. a. o.), earlier and more often attested ἄ-σηπ-τος `not rotting' (Hp., X., Arist., Thphr. a.o.); 7. - τικός `causing rot' (Hp., Arist. a.o.); 8. - τήριος `id.' (Hp.). -- Verb: 9. σηπ-εύω = σήπω (Man.); rather enlarged from σήπω than from σήπη. -- With other ablaut: 10. σαπ-ρός `rotting, rotten, rancid', of wine `matured' (IA), with σαπρ-ίας οἶνος (Hermipp.), - ότης f. `decomposition' (Pl., Arist. etc.), - ίζομαι (Hp.), - ύνομαι (Nic.), - όομαι (sch.) `to rot', - ίζω `to make rot' (LXX).Etymology: Seen the structur no soubt inherited word, but as opposed to the synonyms πύθομαι, πύθω isolated. -- On Skt. kyāku n. `mushroom' and Lith. šiùpti `putrefy', which have been connected (lit. in Bq and WP. 1, 500), cf. Mayrhofer resp. Fraenkel s. v. On σηπία s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,696-697Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σήπομαι
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98 πεδ-άγρετος
πεδ-άγρετος, dor. = μετάγρετος, auf der Flucht, durch Nachsetzen gefangen, Hesych. erkl. μετάληπ τος, μεταδίωκτος.
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99 σκότος
σκότος, ὁ, Finsterniß, Dunkelheit, Dunkel; Od. 19, 389; häufiger ist das Wort in der Il., hier aber immer das Todesdunkel, z. B. τὸν δὲ σκότος ὄσσε κάλυψεν, Il. 4, 461 u. öfter, στυγερὸς δ' ἄρα μιν σκότος εἷλεν, 5, 47 u. öfter; wie vom Dunkel der Unterwelt Soph. Ai. 388, τὸν ἀεὶ κατὰ γᾶς σκότον εἱμένος O. C. 1698; ἐπεὶ γῆς σκότῳ κέκρυπται, Eur. Hel. 62. – Ueberh. Dunkelheit, Verborgenheit; ἐν σκότῳ καϑήμενος, Pind. Ol. 1, 83; γνώμαν σκότῳ κυλίνδει, N. 4, 40; αἱ μεγάλαι ἀλκαὶ σκότον πολὺν ὕμνων ἔχοντι δεόμεναι, die verborgen, unbekannt bleiben, 7, 13; οὐδ' ἐν σκότοισι νηδύος τεϑραμμένη, Aesch. Eum. 635; σκότῳ φάος ἰσόμοιρον, Ch. 317, u. oft; δόλον σκότῳ κρύψας, Soph. El. 1388; vom Dunkel der Blindheit, O. R. 1313, vgl. βλέποντα νῠν μὲν ὄρϑ', ἔπειτα δὲ σκότον, 419. 1273; Eur. oft, auch περικαλύψαι τοῖσι πράγμασι σκότον, Ion 1522; u. in Prosa: Ggstz τὸ φῶς, Plat. Crat. 418 c; auch übrtr., πᾶσαν ἀπορίαν καὶ σκότον ἀπεργάζεται, Legg. VIII, 837 a; οἱ ἐν σκότῳ ὄντες, die im Verborgenen leben, Xen. Cyr. 2, 1, 25; ὑπὸ σκότου τὸν φϑόνον κατέχειν, den Neid verhehlen, 4, 6, 4. – Auch neutr. τὸ σκότος, im dat. σκότει, ταύταν σκότει κρύπτειν ἔοικεν, Pind. frg. 171, vgl. ib. 106, was nach Moeris mehr attisch sein soll; so Eur. ἐκ τοῠ σκότους, Hec. 831; σκότος ἀμπίσχον, Hipp. 192; πέπλοισι κρατὶ περιβάλω σκό- τος, Herc. F. 1159; u. in Prosa: ὥςπερ ἐν σκότει, Plat. Phaed. 99 b; ἐν σκότει = bei Nacht, Xen. Cyr. 1, 6, 40; ἐπίκουρον σκότους, Mem. 4, 3, 7. Vgl. Piers. Moeris 355 Schäfer Greg. Cor. 22. 615.
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100 σιδηρό-πλακτος
σιδηρό-πλακτος, dor. = σιδηρόπληκ τος, vom Eisen getroffen, mit dem Schwerte verwundet, Aesch. Spt. 894, wo Andere σιδηρόπαλτος, von πάλλω, lesen wollen, durchs Schwert erloos't, gewonnen.
См. также в других словарях:
-τος — παραγωγική κατάληξη επιθέτων και ουσιαστικών όλων τών περιόδων τής Ελληνικής, η οποία ανάγεται στην ΙΕ κατάληξη to , θεματική μορφή τής επέκτασης t (πρβλ. αρχ. ινδ. crutas, αβεστ. sruta , λατ. in clutus, ελλ. κλυτός). Η κατάληξη τος απαντά κυρίως … Dictionary of Greek
τος — (I) Α (κρητ. και θηρ. τ. αιτ. πληθ. τού αρσ. τού άρθρου ο) τούς. (II) τη, το, Ν 1. αδύνατος τύπος τής προσωπικής αντωνυμίας τρίτου προσώπου (α. «άκουσέ τον» β. «τού τό έδωσα» γ. «τής τό έφερα» δ. «τούς είδα» ε. «τίς άκουσα» στ. «τά μύρισα») 2.… … Dictionary of Greek
-ιστός — (ΑΜ ιστός) παρεκτεταμένος τ. τής κατάλ. τος τών ρηματικών επιθ. (πρβλ. αγαπη τός < αγαπώ, λυ τός < λύω) από το θ. σε ισ τού αορ. πολλών ρημάτων (συνήθως σε ίζω), πρβλ. αρχ. κυλίνδω «κυλῶ», αόρ. ἑκύλ ισ α > κυλ ισ τός, νεοελλ. γεμ ίζω,… … Dictionary of Greek
-τέος — α, ο / τέος, α, ον, ΝΜΑ καταλήξεις ρηματικών επιθέτων με τις οποίες δηλώνεται ότι πρέπει ή οφείλει να γίνει το σημαινόμενο τού ρήματος. Το επίθημα σε τέος, αβέβαιης ετυμολ., φαίνεται ότι αρχικά δεν είχε καμία σχέση με την κατάληξη τός. Μια… … Dictionary of Greek
ύστατος — η, ο / ὕστατος, άτη, ον, ΝΜΑ (με χρον. και τοπ. σημ.) τελευταίος, έσχατος (α. «ήρθε την ύστατη στιγμή» β. «ἅμα θ oἱ πρῶτοι τε καὶ ὕστατοι», Ομ. Ιλ.) αρχ. 1. (για αξίωμα ή βαθμό) ανώτατος, ύψιστος 2. το θηλ. ως ουσ. ἡ ὑστατη (ενν. ἡμέρα) η… … Dictionary of Greek
Μάρλεϊ, Μπομπ — (Robert Nesta «Bob» Marley, Σεντ Ανς, Τζαμάικα 1945 – Μαϊάμι, Φλόριντα, ΗΠΑ 1981). Τζαμαϊκανός μουσικός. Ο Μ. υπήρξε ο κυριότερος εκπρόσωπος της ρέγκε (reggae), ενός τοπικού μουσικού ιδιώματος της Καραϊβικής, στο οποίο ο ίδιος εισήγαγε στοιχεία… … Dictionary of Greek
ηλέματος — ἠλέματος, δωρ. και αιολ. τ. ἀλέματος, ον (Α) 1. μωρός, ανόητος, μηδαμινός 2. (το ουδ. πληθ. ως επίρρ.) ἠλέματα μάταια επίρρ... ἠλεμάτως (Α) 1. με οκνηρία, ευτελώς 2. μάταια. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < θ. ηλε τού ηλεός* + μα τος (< μέ μον α «σκέπτομαι… … Dictionary of Greek
καρτός — καρτός, ή, όν (AM) 1. αυτός τον οποίο μπορεί κάποιος να κόψει σε τεμάχια 2. ο κομμένος σε τεμάχια αρχ. ο κομμένος με τέτοιο τρόπο ώστε να είναι λείος. [ΕΤΥΜΟΛ. < καρ τός (< θ. καρ , συνεσταλμένη μεταπτωτική βαθμίδα τής ρίζας κερ τού κείρω,… … Dictionary of Greek
πρώτος — η, ο / πρῶτος, ώτη, ον, ΝΜΑ, δωρ. τ. πρᾱτος, ον, Α 1. αυτός που προηγείται όλων τών άλλων ως προς τον χρόνο, τον τόπο, τον βαθμό, την ποιότητα, την αξία, τη θέση που έχει σε μια αριθμητική σειρά ή και το αξίωμα που κατέχει σε μια ιεραρχική τάξη… … Dictionary of Greek
πόκος — ὁ, ΝΜΑ, αιολ. τ. πόκτος, ετεροκλ. πληθ. πόκες και πόκαι, αί, Α ακατέργαστο μαλλί κουρεμένου προβάτου αρχ. 1. κοτσίδα κατεργασμένου ερίου, τουλούπα μαλλιού 2. παροιμ. α) «εἰς ὄνου πόκας» σε μέρος που κουρεύουν τα γαϊδούρια, δηλ. πουθενά β) «ὄνου… … Dictionary of Greek
Im Anfang war das Wort — Epsilon Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Ἐὰν ταῖς γλώσσαις τῶν ἀνθρώπων λαλῶ … Deutsch Wikipedia